e NeuroSky product families consist of hardware and
software components for simple integration of this biosensor technology into consumer and industrial end-applications.
All products are designed and manufactured to meet exacting
consumer specications for quality, pricing, and feature
sets. NeuroSky sets itself apart by providing buildingblock component solutions that offer friendly synergies
with related and complementary technological solutions.
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OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO
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BECAUSESOME JURISDICTIONS PROHIBIT THE EXCLUSION
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ank you for purchasing NeuroSky's MindSet™. is Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) device turns
your brainwaves into actions, unlocking new worlds of interactivity. e MindSet reports the wearer’s
mental state in the form of NeuroSky's proprietary Attention and Meditation eSense™ algorithms,
along with raw wave and information about the brainwave frequency bands. e NeuroSky MindSet
can be used with supported video games, research software, or a number of other applications for an
enhanced user experience.
For any technical information updates and additional support questions not answered by this document, please register at the NeuroSky support website at http://support.neurosky.com. We also rec-
ommend you join our email list by lling out the form on http://www.neurosky.com to receive general
information about NeuroSky, new products announcements, and any technical information updates.
e last century of neuroscience research has greatly increased our knowledge about the brain and
particularly, the electrical signals emitted by neurons ring in the brain. e patterns and frequencies
of these electrical signals can be measured by placing a sensor on the scalp. e MindSet contains
NeuroSky inkGear™ technology, which measures the analog electrical signals, commonly referred to
as brainwaves, and processes them into digital signals to make the measurements available to games and
applications. e table below gives a general synopsis of some of the commonly-recognized frequencies
that tend to be generated by different types of activity in the brain:
Brainwave TypeFrequency rangeMental states and conditions
Delta0.1Hz to 3HzDeep, dreamless sleep, non-REM sleep, unconscious
eta4Hz to 7HzIntuitive, creative, recall, fantasy, imaginary, dream
Alpha8Hz to 12HzRelaxed, but not drowsy, tranquil, conscious
Low Beta12Hz to 15HzFormerly SMR, relaxed yet focused, integrated
Midrange Beta16Hz to 20Hzinking, aware of self & surroundings
High Beta21Hz to 30HzAlertness, agitation
ThinkGear
inkGear is the technology inside every NeuroSky product or partner product that enables a device
to interface with the wearers’ brainwaves. It includes the sensor that touches the forehead, the contact
and reference points located on the ear pad, and the on-board chip that processes all of the data. Both
the raw brainwaves and the eSense Meters (Attention and Meditation) are calculated on the inkGear
chip.
eSense
eSense™ is a NeuroSky's proprietary algorithm for characterizing mental states. To calculate eSense,
the NeuroSky inkGear technology amplies the raw brainwave signal and removes the ambient
noise and muscle movement. e eSense algorithm is then applied to the remaining signal, resulting
in the interpreted eSense meter values. Please note that eSense meter values do not describe an exact
number, but instead describe ranges of activity.
e eSense meters are a way to show how effectively the user is engaging Attention (similar to concentration) or Meditation (similar to relaxation).
Like exercising an unfamiliar muscle, it may take some time to gain full prociency with each of the
eSense™ meters. In many cases, people tend to be better at one eSense than the other when they
rst begin. We recommend trying different tactics until you are successful with one. Once you see
a reaction on the screen from your efforts, you will be able to duplicate the action more easily with
additional practice.
Generally, Attention can be controlled through a visual focus. Focus on a singular idea. Try to “funnel”
your concentration and focus your train of thought towards pushing up the meter. Other suggestions
include picking a point on the screen to stare at or imagining the action you are trying to accomplish
happening. For example, look at the Attention eSense meter and imagine the dial moving towards
higher numbers.
For Meditation, it typically helps to try to relax yourself. Connect to a sense of peace and calm by
clearing your mind of thoughts and distractions. If you are having difficulty engaging Meditation, close
your eyes, wait a number of seconds, and then open your eyes to see how the meter has responded.
If you have trouble at rst in controlling your eSense meter levels, be patient. Try different techniques
and practice. Also be sure to read and try to understand the Technical Description in order to get a
better idea about how eSense actually works under the hood.
eSense Meter - Technical Description
For each different type of eSense (i.e. Attention, Meditation), the meter value is reported on a relative
eSense scale of 1 to 100. On this scale, a value between 40 to 60 at any given moment in time is considered “neutral” and is similar in notion to “baselines” that are established in conventional brainwave
measurement techniques (though the method for determining a inkGear baseline is proprietary and
may differ from conventional brainwaves).
A value from 60 to 80 is considered “slightly elevated”, and may be interpreted as levels tending to
be higher than normal (levels of Attention or Meditation that may be higher than normal for a given
person). Values from 80 to 100 are considered “elevated”, meaning they are strongly indicative of
heightened levels of that eSense.
Similarly, on the other end of the scale, a value between 20 to 40 indicates “reduced” levels of the
eSense, while a value between 1 to 20 indicates “strongly lowered” levels of the eSense. ese levels
may indicate states of distraction, agitation, or abnormality, according to the opposite of each eSense.
e reason for the somewhat wide ranges for each interpretation is that some parts of the eSense
algorithm are dynamically learning and at times employ some “slow-adaptive” algorithms to adjust
to natural uctuations and trends of each user, accounting for and compensating for the fact that
brainwaves in the human brain are subject to normal ranges of variance and uctuation. is is part
of the reason why inkGear sensors are able to operate on a wide range of individuals under an
extremely wide range of personal and environmental conditions, while still giving good accuracy and
reliability.
e eSense Attention meter indicates the intensity of a user's level of mental “focus” or “attention”,
such as that which occurs during intense concentration and directed (but stable) mental activity. Its
value ranges from 0 to 100. Distractions, wandering thoughts, lack of focus, or anxiety may lower the
Attention meter level. See eSense Meter - General Information for details about interpreting eSense
levels in general.
MEDITATION eSense
e eSense Meditation meter indicates the level of a user's mental “calmness” or “relaxation”. Its value
ranges from 0 to 100. Note that Meditation is a measure of a person's mental states, not physical levels,
so simply relaxing all the muscles of the body may not immediately result in a heightened Meditation
level. However, for most people in most normal circumstances, relaxing the body often helps the mind
to relax as well. Meditation is related to reduced activity by the active mental processes in the brain.
It has long been an observed effect that closing one's eyes turns off the mental activities which process
images from the eyes. So closing the eyes is often an effective method for increasing the Meditation
meter level. Distractions, wandering thoughts, anxiety, agitation, and sensory stimuli may lower the
Meditation meter levels. See eSense Meter - General Information for details about interpreting eSense
levels in general.
Bundled USB dongleBundled USB dongle or built-in receiver
Bluetooth
Power On
required
To turn on the MindSet, hold down the power button until you see the blue LED turn on. Turn off
the MindSet by holding down the same power button until the blue LED goes from ashing to solid.
en let go of the button and the LED will turn off.
Charging the MindSet
e MindSet has a rechargeable lithium-ion battery that is charged using the mini-B USB port on top
of the left ear cup of the MindSet. Rotate the head and fork outwards to reveal the mini-B USB port.
Figure 3.2: Mini-B USB port on left ear cup
To charge the MindSet, plug the supplied USB cable into the MindSet, and connect the other end to a
computer or to a USB charger. e red LED on the MindSet will light up to indicate that the MindSet
is being charged. Once it is completely charged, the red LED will turn off. Allow the MindSet to fully
charge before using it the rst time, and then recharge the MindSet as necessary when not in use. e
MindSet may take up to eight hours to charge. Charging it overnight is ideal.
Important: Do not wear the MindSet while charging.
Bluetooth Dongle Setup
Windows Vista
1. Plug the included USB Bluetooth dongle into an open USB slot.
2. Windows Vista will automatically initiate the Found New Hardware Wizard. Allow Windows
Update to search for software. Select "Yes this time only." and click "Next."
3. Windows Vista will nd the software to install. Select "Install the software automatically (Recommended)." Click "Next."
4. Allow Windows Vista to install the drivers.
5. Your USB Bluetooth dongle driver installation is complete. Click "Finish."
Mac OS X
If your Mac already has Bluetooth installed, proceed. Otherwise, simply plug the included Bluetooth
dongle into an open USB slot. Mac OS X will automatically utilize the appropriate device drivers.
Bluetooth MindSet Pairing
Windows Vista
1. Open the Bluetooth Devices icon from the Windows System Tray. If this icon is not available,
open Bluetooth Devices from the Windows Vista Control Panel.
3. Put the powered-on MindSet into "Pairing Mode" by holding inwards the Media Button for
three seconds. e red and blue LEDs will alternately ash to indicate "Pairing Mode."
4. At the next window, check "My device is set up and ready to be found" and click "Next"
Figure 3.4: My device is set up and ready to be found
5. "MindSet" should appear in the Add Bluetooth Device Wizard. Select it and click "Next". If it
does not appear in the Wizard, make certain your MindSet is in pairing mode (refer to step 3.)
and select "Search Again".
9. You are now ready to use the MindSet with the accompanying software. Remember to use your
Outgoing COM Port to connect your programs to the MindSet.
1. If your Mac already has Bluetooth installed, proceed. Otherwise, plug in the included Bluetooth
Dongle.
2. Put the powered-on MindSet into "Pairing Mode" by holding inwards the Media Button for
three seconds. e red and blue LEDs will alternately ash to indicate "Pairing Mode".
3. Open System Preferences, and click on the Bluetooth icon to congure Bluetooth devices.
4. Click on the " + " icon in the lower-left to add a new Bluetooth device.
5. When asked to Select Device Type, choose "Any Device", then click "Continue".
6. Click the "Passkey Options…" button at the bottom, and make sure the option is set to "Use a
specic passkey". Click "OK".
Figure 3.10: Passkey options
7. In the same window, "MindSet" should appear in the list of Bluetooth devices in range. Select
it, then click "Continue".
Figure 3.11: List of Bluetooth devices
8. Once the wizard is done gathering information about the MindSet, click "Continue".
If you need to check your Outgoing COM Port, go to the Bluetooth Control Panel and click on the
"COM Ports Tab."
Your Outgoing COM Port will be listed. If it is not properly listed, remove the MindSet from the
installed Bluetooth Devices and reinstall the MindSet.
Since the Mac does not use numbered serial ports, users must determine manually which port the
MindSet connects to. Once you've completed the pairing procedure, load up the System Preferences,
and click on the Bluetooth icon. Select the "MindSet" in the list of devices, then click on the gear icon
underneath. en, click on the Edit Serial Ports… menu option.
Figure 3.15: Edit Serial Ports…
Simply copy the text listed next to the Path label. is is the MindSet's serial port. Paste this text back
into the Port eld of your application.
is chapter walks you through tting the MindSet and installation of the included MindSet software
on your PC or Mac.
Fitting the MindSet
e MindSet is more than your average headset. It has the ability to use your brainwaves for exciting
new applications.
Important: In order to take full advantage of these functions and features of the MindSet, the MindSet
must be properly worn.
1. e sides of the Mindset are adjustable and can be extended to t various sizes. e Forehead
Sensor Arm is exible and should arch inwards. Extend the sides as necessary and bend the
Forehead Sensor Arm to comfortably t your head.
2. Orient the MindSet with the Forehead Sensor Arm on your left hand side. Put on the MindSet.
If the sensor does not make contact with the forehead or if the t is not comfortable, remove
the MindSet to readjust the sides and the Forehead Sensor Arm.
Figure 4.1: Orient the MindSet correctly before wearing it
3. Make sure the contact points on the left ear pad make skin-contact with your ear. Move any hair
or obstructions out of the way. Readjust the left ear cup as necessary to make proper contact
with your ear.
4. Adjust the Forehead Sensor Arm of the headset so that the Forehead Sensor makes contact with
your forehead. is sensor must maintain contact in order to properly measure your brainwaves.
e sensor should be comfortable, yet stay in position. Keep hair away from the sensor – the
sensor must be able to directly contact the skin at all times.
Figure 4.3: Closeup of the sensors making contact with the forehead
5. is is how the MindSet should look when properly worn. During usage, if you are not receiving a signal, repeat the steps above to make minor adjustments to ensure the sensor and contacts
have proper skin contact.
MindSet Stereo Audio and Bluetooth Headset Functions
Controls
Stereo Audio
ButtonFunction
Pairing / Media Button
Play / PauseTap the Media Button directly inwards, without any directional 'nudges'
Volume UpPush the Media Button upwards.
Volume DownPush the Media Button downwards.
BackwardsPush the Media Button to the left.
ForwardsPush the Media Button to the right.
Bluetooth Headset
ButtonFunction
Phone ButtonTo answer a call, press the Phone Button. To end a call, press the Phone
Directional pushes of the Pairing/Media Button (henceforth referred to
as Media Button) enable the different media playback controls. Holding
the button inwards without any directional nudges enables the Pairing
function.
Button again.
MindSet Stereo Audio and Bluetooth Headset Functions
If you have properly followed the MindSet installation procedure, audio functionality will be enabled.
Windows Vista manages the audio output. You simply need to make certain that Sound has been
re-directed from your computer's speakers to the MindSet's Stereo Audio functionality.
1. First verify that the Bluetooth Stereo Audio functionality has been properly installed. Under
Bluetooth Devices, select the "Audio" tab. Bluetooth Stereo Audio and Bluetooth Hands-Free Audio
should be listed among your devices.
Figure 4.5: Audio Tab
2. Now, go to your Windows Vista Control Panel and select "Sound". In the Playback tab, you will
see a list of different Playback Devices.
MindSet Stereo Audio and Bluetooth Headset Functions
3. Right-click on the "Headset Earphone - Bluetooth Stereo Audio" option, and select "Set as Default Device" to switch your audio output. Make certain that you select the correct audio option
from the list. Selecting "Bluetooth Hands-Free Audio" will incorrectly set the sound output to
the MindSet's Hands-free functionality.
Figure 4.7:
4. To verify, double-click the Audio icon in the System Tray on the bottom right. Select "Devices"
MindSet Stereo Audio and Bluetooth Headset Functions
from the Menu and make certain that your audio output is set to the "Headset Earphone - Bluetooth Stereo Audio." If it is not, reselect the "Headset Earphone - Bluetooth Stereo Audio." option.
Figure 4.8:
e MindSet's audio functionality can be used with iTunes™ and Windows Media Player™. Audio
players besides iTunes and Windows Media Player have not been tested and are not officially supported.
iTunes and Windows Media Player are registered trademarks of Apple and Microsoft, respectively. All
rights reserved.
Bluetooth Headset
e MindSet can also support voice and telephone functions for many different cell phones. Please
refer to your phone's user manual for pairing instructions.
Mac OS X
Figure 4.9: Mac Bluetooth service selection
To enable Bluetooth stereo audio on the MindSet, simply click on the Bluetooth icon in the Menu Bar,
then hover your mouse over the MindSet option. en click on "Use Headphones".
To use the MindSet as a Bluetooth headset, click on the Bluetooth icon in the Menu Bar, then hover
your mouse over the MindSet option. en click on "Use Headset".
MindSet Stereo Audio and Bluetooth Headset Functions
1. Insert the MindSet BCI Demonstration Software CD into the CD drive of your computer.
2. e CD will automatically bring up the Auto-Installer window. If it does not, execute the
AutoRun.exe program from the disc.
3. An on-screen menu will come up that directs you to install each of the included software applications. Click on the buttons of the software packages you would like to install. Folders
containing the setup les will be opened. Double click on the setup les to install.
4. Documentation for each software application is also available from the on-screen menu.
Mac OS X
1. Insert the MindSet BCI Demonstration Software CD into the CD drive of your computer.
2. e CD will automatically bring up the Auto-Installer window.
3. An on-screen menu will direct you to drag and install each of the included software applications.
Simply drag the programs as directed.
4. Documentation for each software application is also available from the on-screen menu.
Brainwave Visualizer
e Brainwave Visualizer is a colorful, interactive application controlled by your brain that shows you
a graphical representation of your brain’s activity. e Brainwave Visualizer includes the Brainwave
Visualization, Brainwave Power Spectrum Graph, and the eSense Attention and Meditation meters.
e on-screen shapes morph and change color depending on your state of mind. Please refer to the
included Brainwave Visualizer Manual for more details.
The Adventures of NeuroBoy BCI Technology Demonstration
As NeuroBoy™, use your special telekinetic powers to push, pull, lift, or burn objects. Different objects
in the world weigh different amounts, so you will need to hone your mental muscle to pick up the
heavier items.
e game provides a 3rd-person environment. is demo requires a more powerful computer, but
you may scale down the graphics to meet your computer’s specications. Please refer to the included
manual for more details.
To nd new and exciting ways to unlock the full potential of you MindSet, visit the NeuroSky Store
for additional software and applications: http://store.neurosky.com
e MindKit is a bundle that allows developers and researchers to use or create applications to interface
with the MindSet. e MindKit can output both raw brainwaves and the eSense signals, and allows for
recording and analysis. is information can be used to conduct research or to develop applications,
games, or demonstrations. e MindKit consists of a MindSet plus the MindSet Development Tools
(MDT).
MindSet Development Tools (MDT)
e NeuroSky MindSet Development Tools (MDT) provides the tools and resources necessary to
create and publish games and applications capable of taking advantage of the exciting new BrainComputer Interface (BCI) technology of NeuroSky’s MindSet headset. e MindSet Development
Tools includes drivers, sample code, and documentation describing how to develop applications for
several software platforms, including PC, Symbian, and even lower level platforms such as microcontrollers like the Arduino™.
Languages directly supported include C/C++, C#, Java (through JNI), and J2ME. Create exciting new
games that challenge people to use the power of their mind or retrot your existing games with a new
dimension of brainwave control. NeuroSky’s MDT also includes tools and applications that will allow
you to research and understand the behaviors of brainwaves at a low level, giving you the potential to
develop your own brainwave-based algorithms. Lastly, the MDT provides the ability to publish your
nished applications at the NeuroSky Store.
• Clean the MindSet's sensor and ear contacts with alcohol-wipes (alcohol-based cleaner) periodically to ensure the best signal quality. Use a soft cloth to clean the MindSet casing
Figure 6.1: Clean the sensors regularly
• For travel and storage, gently push the sensor boom up until it is aligned with the top of the
headset. Be careful not to overextend the maximum range of the boom by adjusting it beyond
the natural stopping point
e MindSet's charge might be low. Please recharge the MindSet. When charging the MindSet, make
sure that the mini USB is plugged in all of the way.
I am having issues with my Bluetooth connection.
Please use the Bluetooth Dongle included with the MindSet, and then be sure to carefully follow the
instructions under Setting Up Your MindSet, paying particular attention to Bluetooth Dongle Setup,
Bluetooth MindSet Pairing, and Serial Port Name. en please check if your issue has been addressed
in the Bluetooth Troubleshooting section.
Audio does not work.
1. Verify that the MindSet Bluetooth Audio is connected to the PC.
(a) Go to the menu that displays all of the Bluetooth connections.
(b) Find "MindSet" and verify the Bluetooth Audio is connected.
2. Verify that the audio is set to output to Bluetooth Audio
(a) Go to the Control Panel and select "Audio."
(b) Set the default playback device in the Sound Control Panel to "Bluetooth Audio."
(c) Restart the media player or other audio application after changing the settings.
If the audio still does not work, try to un-pair and re-pair the MindSet.
e signal quality status is consistently poor (fewer than three bars).
e ear contacts should be resting directly on your ear and the forehead sensor should be on your
forehead. Also, check that the sensors and contacts are making good contact with the skin. Make sure
to remove all obstructions including hair and jewelry.
It usually takes three or four seconds for the headset to validate the signal after holding still. Also make
certain to keep the sensor and contacts clean.
e eSense meters do not move.
Verify that the Bluetooth is paired correctly. You can use the Brainwave Visualizer to verify if the headset
is transmitting. Select "Show data output" from the menu. If the numbers are changing, that means
the headset is transmitting data to the PC.
Allow the eSense meters to go through a few moments to go through initialization before troubleshooting. If the meters do not move after 10 seconds, make sure the sensor rests on the forehead and the
contacts are on the left ear. e sensor and contacts should make rm and consistent contact with
your skin.
I don't seem to be able to control the eSense™ meters.
Like exercising an unfamiliar muscle, it may take some time to gain full prociency with the eSense™
meters. First, be sure you understand how the eSense meters work and what they are measuring.
Generally, we recommend engaging Attention by concentrating and Meditation by relaxing. Most