Netopia R7100-C, R7100 Reference Manual

Netopia™ R7100 SDSL Router

User’s Reference Guide

This manual and any associated artwork, software, and product designs are copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws such materials may not be copied, in whole or part, without the prior written consent of Netopia, Inc. Under the law, copying includes translation to another language or format.

Netopia, Inc. 2470 Mariner Square Loop Alameda, CA 94501-1010 U.S.A.

Patents

PhoneNET technology contained in Netopia is covered by U.S. Patent Numbers 4,901,342 and 5,003,579. Other U.S. and foreign patents are pending.

Part Number

For additional copies of this electronic manual, order Netopia part number 6120338-PF-03

Printed Copies

For printed copies of this manual, order Netopia part number TER7100/Doc (P/N 6120338-00-02)

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Welcome to the Netopia R7100 SDSL Router your single source for information about your Netopia R7100 SDSL Router. It is intended to be viewed on-line, using the powerful features of the Adobe Acrobat Reader. The information display has been deliberately designed to present the maximum information in the minimum space on your screen. You can keep this document open while you perform any of the procedures described, and ﬁnd useful information about the procedure you are performing.

This Table of Contents page you are viewing consists of hypertext links to the chapters and headings listed. If you are viewing this on-line, just click any link below to go to that heading.

User’s Reference Guide

. This guide is designed to be

Part I: Getting Started

Chapter 1 — Introduction..........................................................1-1

Overview....................................................................... 1-1

Features and capabilities ............................................... 1-1

How to use this guide .................................................... 1-2

Chapter 2 — Setting Up Internet Services .................................2-1

Finding an Internet service provider................................. 2-1

Unique requirements............................................ 2-2

Pricing and support.............................................. 2-2

Endorsements ..................................................... 2-2

Deciding on an ISP account............................................ 2-2

Setting up a Netopia R7100 account..................... 2-2

Obtaining an IP address........................................ 2-2

SmartIP............................................................... 2-2

Obtaining information from the ISP.................................. 2-3

Local LAN IP address information to obtain............ 2-3

G B

Chapter 3 — Making the Physical Connections..........................3-1

Find a location............................................................... 3-1

What you need .............................................................. 3-2

Identify the connectors and attach the cables.................. 3-2

Netopia R7100 SDSL Router back panel ports ................ 3-3

Netopia R7100 SDSL Router status lights....................... 3-4

Chapter 4 — Connecting to Your Local Area Network.................4-1

Overview....................................................................... 4-1

Readying computers on your local network....................... 4-1

Connecting to an Ethernet network.................................. 4-3

iv User’s Reference Guide

10Base-T............................................................. 4-4

Adding an external modem ............................................. 4-5

Connecting to a LocalTalk network ................................. 4-6

Wiring guidelines for PhoneNET cabling.................. 4-7

Chapter 5 — Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 5-1

Before running SmartStart ............................................. 5-2

Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard........... 5-3

SmartStart Wizard conﬁguration screens ............... 5-3

Easy option.......................................................... 5-4

Advanced option .................................................. 5-5

Sharing the Connection.................................................. 5-6

Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Windows 95, 98, or NT

computers........................................................... 5-6

Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers........ 5-10

Chapter 6 — Console-Based Management.................................6-1

Connecting through a Telnet session............................... 6-2

Conﬁguring Telnet software................................... 6-3

Connecting a console cable to your router ....................... 6-3

Navigating through the console screens .......................... 6-4

Chapter 7 — Easy Setup...........................................................7-1

Easy Setup console screens........................................... 7-1

Accessing the Easy Setup console screens............ 7-1

Quick Easy Setup connection path .................................. 7-3

With DHCP and ATM FUNI (the defaults)................. 7-3

Without DHCP...................................................... 7-3

More Easy Setup options ............................................... 7-6

Easy Setup Proﬁle................................................ 7-7

IP Easy Setup ...................................................... 7-8

Easy Setup Security Conﬁguration ......................... 7-9

Conﬁguring Frame Relay............................................... 7-10

Easy Setup Frame Relay screens......................... 7-10

Contents v

WAN Conﬁguration Frame Relay screens.............. 7-11

Frame Relay conﬁguration................................... 7-12

Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration........................... 7-14

Part II: Advanced Configuration

Chapter 8 — WAN and System Conﬁguration .............................8-1

WAN conﬁguration.......................................................... 8-1

The default proﬁle.......................................................... 8-3

IP parameters (default proﬁle) screen .................... 8-4

IPX parameters (default proﬁle) screen .................. 8-5

System conﬁguration screens ........................................ 8-5

Navigating through the system conﬁguration screens........ 8-6

System conﬁguration features............................... 8-7

Network protocols setup....................................... 8-8

Filter sets (ﬁrewalls)............................................. 8-8

IP address serving ............................................... 8-8

Date and time...................................................... 8-8

Console conﬁguration........................................... 8-9

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)..... 8-10

Security............................................................. 8-10

Upgrade feature set ........................................... 8-10

Logging ............................................................. 8-10

Installing the Syslog client .................................. 8-11

Chapter 9 — IP Setup and Network Address Translation ............9-1

Network Address Translation features ............................. 9-1

Using Network Address Translation................................. 9-3

Associating port numbers with nodes.................... 9-6

Advanced IP/IPX router conﬁguration options................... 9-7

Connection Proﬁles........................................................ 9-8

Network Address Translation guidelines............... 9-10

IP setup...................................................................... 9-11

IP subnets......................................................... 9-15

vi User’s Reference Guide

Static routes...................................................... 9-17

IP address serving....................................................... 9-21

IP Address Pools................................................ 9-24

DHCP NetBIOS Options....................................... 9-26

MacIP (KIP forwarding) setup .............................. 9-28

Chapter 10 — IPX Setup.........................................................10-1

IPX features ................................................................ 10-1

IPX deﬁnitions ............................................................. 10-1

Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) ..................... 10-1

IPX address....................................................... 10-2

Socket .............................................................. 10-2

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) ....................... 10-2

Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)....................... 10-2

NetBIOS............................................................ 10-3

IPX spooﬁng....................................................... 10-3

IPX setup screen ......................................................... 10-3

IPX routing tables ........................................................ 10-5

Chapter 11 — AppleTalk Setup................................................11-1

AppleTalk networks ...................................................... 11-1

AppleTalk protocol.............................................. 11-1

MacIP................................................................ 11-3

AURP................................................................. 11-3

Routers and seeding .......................................... 11-3

Installing AppleTalk ...................................................... 11-4

Conﬁguring AppleTalk ................................................... 11-6

EtherTalk setup.................................................. 11-6

LocalTalk setup ................................................. 11-7

AURP setup ....................................................... 11-8

Chapter 12 — Monitoring Tools...............................................12-1

Quick View status overview .......................................... 12-1

General status................................................... 12-2

Contents vii

Current status ................................................... 12-3

Status lights...................................................... 12-3

Statistics & Logs......................................................... 12-4

General Statistics .............................................. 12-4

Event histories ............................................................ 12-5

Routing tables............................................................. 12-7

Served IP Addresses.................................................. 12-10

System Information.................................................... 12-12

SNMP....................................................................... 12-12

The SNMP Setup screen................................... 12-13

SNMP traps..................................................... 12-14

SmartView ................................................................ 12-16

SmartView overview ........................................ 12-16

Navigating SmartView....................................... 12-17

General Machine information page .................... 12-18

Event history pages.......................................... 12-19

Standard HTML web-based monitoring pages ..... 12-21

Chapter 13 — Security ...........................................................13-1

Suggested security measures....................................... 13-1

User accounts............................................................. 13-1

Dial-in console access.................................................. 13-3

Enable SmartStart/SmartView/Web server................... 13-4

Telnet access .............................................................. 13-4

About ﬁlters and ﬁlter sets ........................................... 13-4

What’s a ﬁlter and what’s a ﬁlter set?.................. 13-4

How ﬁlter sets work............................................ 13-5

How individual ﬁlters work................................... 13-7

Design guidelines............................................. 13-11

Working with IP ﬁlters and ﬁlter sets............................ 13-12

Adding a ﬁlter set............................................. 13-13

Viewing ﬁlter sets............................................. 13-16

Modifying ﬁlter sets.......................................... 13-17

viii User’s Reference Guide

Deleting a ﬁlter set........................................... 13-17

A sample IP ﬁlter set........................................ 13-17

IPX ﬁlters .................................................................. 13-21

IPX packet ﬁlters.............................................. 13-22

IPX packet ﬁlter sets ........................................ 13-23

IPX SAP ﬁlters.................................................. 13-25

IPX SAP ﬁlter sets ............................................ 13-27

Firewall tutorial.......................................................... 13-29

General ﬁrewall terms ...................................... 13-29

Basic IP packet components............................. 13-29

Basic protocol types......................................... 13-29

Firewall design rules......................................... 13-30

Filter basics..................................................... 13-32

Example ﬁlters................................................. 13-33

Chapter 14 — Utilities and Diagnostics...................................14-1

Ping............................................................................ 14-2

Trace Route................................................................. 14-4

Telnet client................................................................. 14-5

Disconnect Telnet console session ............................... 14-6

Factory defaults........................................................... 14-6

Transferring conﬁguration and ﬁrmware ﬁles with TFTP.... 14-7

Updating ﬁrmware .............................................. 14-7

Downloading conﬁguration ﬁles ........................... 14-8

Uploading conﬁguration ﬁles ............................... 14-9

Transferring conﬁguration and ﬁrmware ﬁles with

XMODEM..................................................................... 14-9

Updating ﬁrmware ............................................ 14-10

Downloading conﬁguration ﬁles ......................... 14-11

Uploading conﬁguration ﬁles ............................. 14-11

Restarting the system................................................ 14-12

Contents ix

Part III: Appendixes

Troubleshooting.........................................................................A-1

Conﬁguration problems .................................................. A-1

Console connection problems ............................... A-2

Network problems................................................ A-2

How to reset the router to factory defaults ...................... A-3

Power outages............................................................... A-3

Technical support .......................................................... A-4

How to reach us................................................... A-4

Understanding IP Addressing .....................................................B-1

What is IP?.................................................................... B-1

About IP addressing....................................................... B-1

Subnets and subnet masks .................................. B-2

Example: Using subnets on a Class C IP internet.... B-3

Example: Working with a Class C subnet................ B-5

Distributing IP addresses ............................................... B-5

Technical note on subnet masking......................... B-6

Conﬁguration ....................................................... B-7

Manually distributing IP addresses ........................ B-8

Using address serving.......................................... B-8

Tips and rules for distributing IP addresses............ B-9

Nested IP subnets....................................................... B-11

Broadcasts.................................................................. B-13

Packet header types........................................... B-13

Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior .........................................C-1

Network conﬁguration..................................................... C-1

Background................................................................... C-1

Exported services................................................ C-5

Important notes................................................... C-6

Conﬁguration................................................................. C-7

Summary...................................................................... C-8

x User’s Reference Guide

Binary Conversion Table.............................................................D-1

Further Reading ........................................................................E-1

Technical Speciﬁcations and Safety Information .........................F-1

Pinouts for Auxiliary port modem cable............................ F-1

Description.................................................................... F-2

Power requirements ............................................. F-2

Environment ........................................................ F-2

Software and protocols......................................... F-3

Agency approvals........................................................... F-3

Regulatory notices ............................................... F-3

Important safety instructions ................................ F-4

About SDSL...............................................................................G-1

Glossary..................................................................................GL-1

Index ..................................................................................Index-1

Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies................................1

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User’s Reference Guide

Introduction 1-1

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Overview

The Netopia R7100 SDSL Router is a full-featured, stand-alone, multiprotocol router for connecting diverse local area networks (LANs) to the Internet and other remote networks. Once your Netopia R7100 SDSL Router is connected to your computer, and your account is activated by your network service provider , you will have a fast Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) connection between your PC or LAN and the telephone company’s network of high-speed digital facilities.

This section covers the following topics:

■

“Features and capabilities” on page 1-1

■

“How to use this guide” on page 1-2

Features and capabilities

The Netopia R7100 SDSL Router provides the following features:

■

Support for IP and IPX routing for Internet and intranet connectivity.

■

IP address serving (over Ethernet or a WAN link) that allows local or remote network nodes to acquire an IP address automatically and dynamically from a designated pool of available addresses.

■

Multi-speed symmetrical transmission from 128 Kbps to 1.568 Mbps to provide scalability without additional equipment investment.

■

All digital, continuous-availability networking eliminates dialing and provides lower, more predictable transmission costs.

Inter-operates with Copper Mountain Networks Copper Edge™ access concentrator.

■

Connectivity to Ethernet LANs via built-in 8 port 10Base-T hub with uplink port.

■

Status lights (LEDs) for easy monitoring and troubleshooting. Support for console-based management over Telnet or serial cable connection.

■

Support for remote conﬁguration by your reseller, your network administrator , or technicians at Netopia, Inc

■

via external modem or via IP network.

■

Wall-mountable, bookshelf (side-stackable), or desktop-stackable design for efﬁcient space usage. SmartIP™ makes it simple and economical to connect a workgroup of users to the Internet or a remote IP

■

network by using Network Address Translation and a single IP address.

■

AppleTalk support (available as a separate add-on AppleTalk kit, including a ﬁrmware feature set enhancement and custom HD-15 dual RJ-11 PhoneNET® connector) allows for LocalTalk to Ethernet routing, assigning IP addresses to Macintosh users (MacIP), IP functionality for LocalT alk users, and AURP

1-2 User’s Reference Guide

tunneling for connectivity between remote AppleTalk networks. SmartView tool allows for real-time monitoring of router status lights (LEDs), through one or more

■

information forms on a Web-based Java applet. Internet browsers such as Netscape Navigator and Microsoft’s Internet Explorer can be used for SmartView.

How to use this guide

This guide is designed to be your single source for information about your Netopia R7100 SDSL Router. It is intended to be viewed on-line, using the powerful features of the Adobe Acrobat Reader. The information display has been deliberately designed to present the maximum information in the minimum space on your screen. You can keep this document open while you perform any of the procedures described, and ﬁnd useful information about the procedure you are performing.

If you prefer to work from hard copy rather than on-line documentation, you can also print out all of the manual, or individual sections. The pages are formatted to print on standard 8 1/2 by 11 inch paper. We recommend that you print on three-hole punched paper, so you can put the pages in a binder for future reference. For your convenience, a printed copy can be purchased from Netopia. Order part number TER7100/Doc.

This guide is organized into chapters describing the Netopia R7100’s advanced features. You may want to read each chapter’s introductory section to familiarize yourself with the various features available.

Use the guide’s table of contents and index to locate informational topics.

Setting Up Internet Services 2-1

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This chapter describes how to obtain and set up Internet services. This section covers the following topics:

■

“Finding an Internet service provider” on page 2-1

■

“Deciding on an ISP account” on page 2-2 “Obtaining information from the ISP” on page 2-3

■

Note:

use the Netopia R7100 to access the Internet via the main ofﬁce in a point-to-point scenario. If you install the Netopia R7100 in this type of environment, refer to the following sections for speciﬁc information you must receive from the network administrator to conﬁgure the Netopia R7100 properly.

Some companies act as their own ISP. For example, some organizations have branch ofﬁces that can

Finding an Internet service provider

The Netopia R7100 SDSL Router provides its high speed symmetric (two-way) digital connection to the Internet through a Competitive Local Exchange Carrier (CLEC) -- a type of mini phone company. The CLEC uses a compatible type of switching equipment known as a Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM). The DSLAM that you connect to with your Netopia Router must be capable of handling these symmetric connections.

In determining which Internet Service Provider to establish your account with, you must be sure that your ISP supports connections via a CLEC with a compatible DSLAM, the Copper Mountain Networks CopperEdge™ central ofﬁce equipment.

If you have purchased your Netopia Router through a Netopia ISP partner, you can be sure that an account that supports SDSL connections will be available.

If your area has more than one ISP , the following considerations will help you decide which ISP is best suited for your requirements.

Use an ISP that provides Internet access through a Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) and that supports the Netopia Router with SDSL. If you would like to use an ISP that you already have a relationship with but that is not familiar with the Netopia Router with SDSL, call us at 1-800-NETOPIA. Our representative can call your ISP and introduce them to the product. If necessary, we will provide them with the technical background they need to support the product.

2-2 User’s Reference Guide

Unique requirements

Make sure the ISP can meet any unique requirements you may have, such as:

■

Dynamic or static IP addressing Class C IP address

■

Custom domain name

■

Multiple e-mail addresses

■

Web site hosting

Pricing and support

Compare pricing, service, and technical support service among various ISPs.

Endorsements

Consider recommendations from colleagues and reviews in publications. Netopia lists Netopia Certiﬁed ISPs on our Web site at

http://www.netopia.com

Deciding on an ISP account

Your ISP may offer various Internet access account plans. Typically, these plans vary by usage charges and the number of host IP addresses supplied. Evaluate your networking needs and discuss them with your ISP before deciding on a plan for your network.

The following checklist is a guide to ensure that you obtain the Internet service you require.

Setting up a Netopia R7100 account

Check whether your ISP has the Netopia R7100 on its list of supported products that have been tested with a particular conﬁguration. If the ISP does not have the Netopia R7100 on such a list, describe the Netopia R7100 in as much detail as needed, so your ISP account can be optimized. As appropriate, refer your ISP to Netopia’s Web site www.netopia.com for more information.

Obtaining an IP address

Typically, each network computer that requires Internet access requires its own unique IP address. If some or all network computers require simultaneous Internet access, obtain a block of IP host addresses large enough for each computer to have its own address, plus one for the Netopia R7100.

Consider expected growth in your network when deciding on the number of addresses to obtain. Alternatively, you can use the Network Address Translation feature of SmartIP.

SmartIP

The Netopia R7100 SDSL Router supports the SmartIP™ feature, which includes Network Address Translation.

Setting Up Internet Services 2-3

Network Address Translation provides Internet access to the network connected to the Netopia R7100 using only a single IP address. These routers translate between the internal or local area network (LAN) addresses and a single external IP address, and route accordingly.

For more information on Network Address Translation, see Chapter 9, “IP Setup and Network Address

Translation.”

Obtaining information from the ISP

After your account is set up, the ISP should send you the IP parameter information that will help you conﬁgure the Netopia R7100.

Local LAN IP address information to obtain

Your ISP will need to provide you with the following information:

■

The default gateway IP address (same as remote IP address in most cases)

■

Local WAN IP address and subnet mask Primary and secondary domain name server (DNS) IP addresses

■

Domain name (usually the same as the ISP’s domain name unless you have registered for your own

■

individual domain name)

Note:

The default gateway, WAN address and mask, DNS, and domain name are all obtainable via WAN DHCP,

if your ISP supports it.

With Network Address Translation

If you are using SmartIP (NAT), you should obtain the following:

■

If you are connecting to a remote site using Network Address Translation on your router, your provider will not deﬁne the IP address information on your local LAN. You can deﬁne this information based on an IP conﬁguration that may already be in place for the existing network. Alternatively, you can use the default IP address range used by the router.

Without Network Address Translation

If you are not using Network Address Translation, you will need to obtain all of the local LAN IP address information from your ISP.

If you are not using SmartIP (NAT), you should obtain:

■

The number of Ethernet IP host addresses available with your account and the ﬁrst usable IP host address in the address block

The Ethernet IP address for your Netopia R7100

■

The Ethernet IP subnet mask address for your Netopia R7100

2-4 User’s Reference Guide

Making the Physical Connections 3-1

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This section tells you how to make the physical connections to your Netopia R7100 SDSL Router. This section covers the following topics:

■

“Find a location” on page 3-1

■

“What you need” on page 3-2 “Identify the connectors and attach the cables” on page 3-2

■

“Netopia R7100 SDSL Router back panel ports” on page 3-3

■

“Netopia R7100 SDSL Router status lights” on page 3-4

Find a location

When choosing a location for the Netopia Router, consider:

■

Available space and ease of installation Physical layout of the building and how to best use the physical space available for connecting your Netopia

■

Router to the LAN

■

Available wiring and jacks

■ Distance from the point of installation to the next device (length of cable or wall wiring)

■ Ease of access to the front of the unit for conﬁguration and monitoring

■ Ease of access to the back of the unit for checking and changing cables

■ Cable length and network size limitations when expanding networks

For small networks, install the Netopia R7100 near one of the LANs. For large networks, you can install the Netopia R7100 in a wiring closet or a central network administration site.

3-2 User’s Reference Guide

What you need

Locate all items that you need for the installation. Included in your router package are:

■ The Netopia R7100 SDSL Router

■ A power adapter and cord with a mini-DIN8 connector

■ One RJ-45 Ethernet cable

■ One RJ-11 Telco (or Line) cable

■ A dual DE-9 and mini-DIN8 to DE-9 console cable (for a PC or a Macintosh)

■ The Netopia CD containing an Internet browser, Adobe Acrobat Reader for Windows and Macintosh, ZTerm

terminal emulator software and NCSA Telnet for Macintosh, and documentation

You will need:

■ A Windows 95–based PC or a Macintosh computer with Ethernet connectivity for conﬁguring the Netopia

R7100. This may be built-in Ethernet or an add-on card, with TCP/IP installed and conﬁgured. See “Before

running SmartStart” on page 5-2.

■ An SDSL wall outlet wired for a connection to a Competitive Local Exchange Carrier (CLEC) who supports

Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line connections.

Identify the connectors and attach the cables

Identify the connectors and switches on the back panel and attach the necessary Netopia Router cables. The ﬁgure below displays the back of the Netopia R7100 SDSL Router.

Netopia R7100 with SDSL back panel

Line port

Ethernet

Normal

Uplink

Crossover switch

Auxiliary Console Power

Line

Auxiliary port

Power port

8 port Ethernet hub

Console port

1. Connect the mini-DIN8 connector from the power adapter to the power port, and plug the other end into an electrical outlet.

2. Connect one end of the RJ-11 cable to the Line port, and the other end to your SDSL wall outlet.

Making the Physical Connections 3-3

3. Connect the Ethernet cable to any of the Ethernet ports on the router. (If you are connecting the router to an existing Ethernet hub, use Ethernet port #1 on the router and set the

crossover switch to the Uplink position.) You should now have: the power adapter plugged in; the Ethernet cable connected between the router and

your computer; and the SDSL cable connected between the router and the SDSL wall outlet.

Netopia R7100 SDSL Router back panel ports

The following table describes all the Netopia R7100 SDSL Router back panel ports.

Port Description

Power port A mini-DIN8 power adapter cable connection. Line port An RJ-11 telephone-style jack labelled Line for your SDSL connection. Console port A DE-9 console port for a direct serial connection to the console screens. You

can use this if you are an experienced user. See “Connecting a console cable to

your router” on page 6-3.

Auxiliary port An HD-15 auxiliary port for attaching an external modem or the optional

AppleTalk kit.

Crossover switch A crossover switch with Normal and Uplink positions. If you use Ethernet Port

#1 for a direct Ethernet connection between a computer and the router, set the switch to the Normal position. If you are connecting the router to an Ethernet hub, use Ethernet port #1 on the router and set the switch to the Uplink position.

8-port Ethernet hub Eight Ethernet jacks. You will use one of these to conﬁgure the Netopia R7100.

For a new installation, use the Ethernet connection. Alternatively, you can use the console connection to run console-based management using a direct serial connection. You can either connect your computer directly to any of the Ethernet ports on the router, or connect both your computer and the router to an existing Ethernet hub on your LAN.

3-4 User’s Reference Guide

Netopia R7100 SDSL Router status lights

The ﬁgure below represents the Netopia R7100 status light (LED) panel.

Netopia R7100 LED front panel

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16171819 20 21

Link/Receive

Power

Management

WAN 1 WAN 2 Ethernet

Ready

Channel 2

Channel 1

Console

Auxiliary

Management

Ready

Channel 1

Channel 2

Trafﬁc

Collision

The following table summarizes the meaning of the various LED states and colors:

When this happens... the LEDs...

The corresponding line passes supervisory trafﬁc between

2 ﬂashes yellow. the Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) and the Netopia R7100

The WAN interface is operational 3 is green. The line is unavailable 3 ﬂashes red. The WAN has carrier 4 is green. Data is transmitted or received on the WAN 4 ﬂashes yellow. Carrier is asserted 6 and 7 are green. Data is transmitted or received 6 and 7 ﬂash yellow. Data is transmitted or received by the ethernet controller 12 ﬂashes yellow. The Ethernet interface detects a collision 13 ﬂashes red. Link is detected 14 though 21 are solid green. Data are received on their respective ports 14 though 21 ﬂash green. Note: 5 and 8 through 11 are unused, since the DSL link is carried only on WAN channel 1. Also, Console

carrier (6) is ignored if the console is not conﬁgured for a remote modem.

Connecting to Your Local Area Network 4-1

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This chapter describes how to physically connect the Netopia R7100 to your local area network (LAN). Before you proceed, make sure the Netopia R7100 is properly conﬁgured. You can customize the router’s conﬁguration for your particular LAN requirements using console-based Management (see “Console-Based Management” on

page 6-1).

This section covers the following topics:

■ “Overview” on page 4-1

■ “Readying computers on your local network” on page 4-1

■ “Connecting to an Ethernet network” on page 4-3

■ “Adding an external modem” on page 4-5

■ “Connecting to a LocalTalk network” on page 4-6

Overview

You can connect the Netopia R7100 to an IP or IPX network that uses Ethernet. If you have purchased the AppleTalk feature expansion kit, you can also connect the router to a LocalTalk

network that uses PhoneNET cabling. Additionally, you can connect an external modem. See “Adding an external modem” on page 4-5.

Caution!

Before connecting the Netopia R7100 to any AppleTalk LANs that contain other AppleTalk routers, you should read “Routers and seeding” on page 11-3.

See the later sections in this chapter for details on how to connect the Netopia R7100 to different types of networks.

Readying computers on your local network

PC and Macintosh computers must have certain components installed before they can communicate through the Netopia R7100. The following illustration shows the minimal requirements for a typical PC or Macintosh computer.

4-2 User’s Reference Guide

Application software

TCP/IP stack

Ethernet/EtherTalk/LocalTalk Driver

Your PC or Macintosh computer

To the Netopia R7100

Application software: This is the software you use to send e-mail, browse the World Wide Web, read newsgroups, etc. These applications may require some conﬁguration. Examples include the Eudora e-mail client and the Web browsers Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator.

TCP/IP stack: This is the software that lets your PC or Macintosh communicate using Internet protocols. TCP/IP stacks must be conﬁgured with some of the same information you used to conﬁgure the Netopia R7100. There are a number of TCP/IP stacks available for PC computers. Windows 95 includes a built-in TCP/IP stack. See “Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Windows 95, 98, or NT computers” on page 5-6. Macintosh computers use either MacTCP or Open Transport. See “Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers” on

page 5-10.

Ethernet: Ethernet hardware and software drivers enable your PC or Macintosh computer to communicate on the LAN.

EtherTalk and LocalTalk: These are AppleTalk protocols used over Ethernet. Once the Netopia R7100 is properly conﬁgured and connected to your LAN, PC and Macintosh computers that

have their required components in place will be able to connect to the Internet or other remote IP networks.

Connecting to Your Local Area Network 4-3

Connecting to an Ethernet network

The Netopia R7100 supports Ethernet connections through its eight Ethernet ports. The router automatically detects which Ethernet port is in use.

You can connect either 10Base-T or EtherWave Ethernet networks to the Netopia R7100. The following table displays some important attributes of these types of Ethernet.

Attribute EtherWave 10Base-T

Max. length of backbone, branch, or end to end (cable length)

Cable type

Netopia R7100 port used Ethernet Ethernet

Other restrictions

330 feet

(100 meters)

Twisted pair

(10Base-T)

Maximum 8

devices (daisy

chained)

330 feet

(100 meters)

Twisted pair

(10Base-T)

No daisy

chain

4-4 User’s Reference Guide

10Base-T

You can connect a standard 10Base-T Ethernet network to the Netopia R7100 using any of its available Ethernet ports.

Netopia R7100 with SDSL back panel

Ethernet

Normal

The Netopia R7100 in a 10Base-T network

Uplink

Auxiliary Console Power

Ethernet

Nor-

Line

To connect your 10Base-T network to the Netopia R7100 through an Ethernet port, use a 10Base-T cable with RJ-45 connectors.

If you have more than eight devices to connect, you can attach additional devices using either a 10Base-T hub or an EtherWave daisy chain, or some combination of both.

Connecting to Your Local Area Network 4-5

If you add devices connected through a hub, connect the hub to Ethernet port number 1 on the Netopia R7100 and set the Normal/Uplink switch to Uplink.

When there are no more free ports on the 10Base-T hub, the network can be extended using EtherWave, a daisy-chainable Ethernet solution from Farallon.

Ethernet

MacintoshPC PC

LaserWriter

Nor-

EtherWave

ISA Card

EtherWave

Printer Adapter

EtherWave

NuBus Card

EtherWave

Transceiver

10Base-T

Hub

Adding an external modem

You may want to add an external modem to your Auxiliary port. Obtain the special DB-25 external modem cable (TE6/DB25) either from your reseller or directly from Netopia.

Netopia R7100 Auxiliary port for connecting an external modem

Ethernet

Normal

Auxiliary Console Power

Uplink

Line

Auxiliary connection port HD-15 (female)

By default, the Auxiliary port on your Netopia R7100 is enabled for remote console conﬁguration via an external asynchronous modem. This means that all you have to do is connect your modem to the Auxiliary port and conﬁgure its settings in the Line Conﬁguration screens under the WAN Conﬁguration menu.

For pinout information on the HD-15 to DB-25 modem cable, see “Pinouts for Auxiliary port modem cable,” in

Appendix F, “Technical Speciﬁcations and Safety Information.”

4-6 User’s Reference Guide

Connecting to a LocalTalk network

If you have purchased the AppleTalk feature expansion kit, you can also connect the router to an AppleTalk network that uses either Ethernet or LocalTalk. Refer to the sheet of optional feature set add-ons in your Netopia R7100 documentation folio.

The AppleTalk feature expansion kit includes a dual RJ-11 PhoneNET connector that attaches to the Auxiliary port on the Netopia R7100.

Netopia R7100 Auxiliary port for connecting to LocalTalk

Ethernet

Normal

Auxiliary Console Power

Uplink

Line

Auxiliary connection port HD-15 (female)

Connect the male HD-15 end of the LocalTalk cable to the Auxiliary port on your Netopia R7100. Connect the other end of the cable to your LocalTalk network. You can use only one connection on the Auxiliary port. You cannot use both the PhoneNET connector and an external modem.

If your LocalTalk network is not based on standard PhoneNET cabling, use a PhoneNET-to-LocalTalk adaptor cable available from Farallon division of Netopia. Connect the adaptor cable’s RJ-11 connector to the AppleTalk cable’s PhoneNET connector. Connect the cable’s mini-DIN-3 connector to your LocalTalk network.

Be sure to observe the standard rules governing maximum cable lengths and limits on the number of nodes on a PhoneNET network. The dual RJ-11 PhoneNET connector allows insertion in the LocalTalk daisy chain or at the end. If the device is connected at the end of the daisy chain, you must install the accompanying terminator.

Wiring guidelines for PhoneNET cabling

Connecting to Your Local Area Network 4-7

Topology

Daisy chain n/a n/a 1800 ft.

Backbone 4500 ft.

4-branch passive star* 1125 ft.

LocalTalk StarController 12-branch active star

* Distance is per branch

For detailed conﬁguration instructions see “AppleTalk Setup” on page 11-1.

22 gauge

.642 mm

1372 m

343 m 3000 ft.

914 m

24 gauge

.510 mm

3000 ft. 229 m

750 ft. 229 m

2000 ft. 610 m

26 gauge

.403 mm

549 m 1800 ft.

549 m 450 ft.

137 m 1200 ft.

366 m

4-8 User’s Reference Guide

Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 5-1

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Once you’ve connected your router to your computer and your telecommunications line and installed a web browser, you’re ready to run the Netopia SmartStart™ Wizard. The SmartStart Wizard will help you set up the router and share the connection. The SmartStart Wizard walks you through a series of questions and based on your responses automatically conﬁgures the router for connecting your LAN to the Internet or to your remote corporate network.

The SmartStart Wizard will:

■ automatically check your Windows 95, 98, or NT PC’s TCP/IP conﬁguration to be sure you can accept a

dynamically assigned IP address, and change it for you if it is not set for dynamic addressing

■ check the physical connection from your computer to your router without your having to enter an IP address

■ assign an IP address to your router

This chapter covers the following topics:

■ “Before running SmartStart” on page 2

■ “Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard” on page 3

■ “Sharing the Connection” on page 6

5-2 User’s Reference Guide

Before running SmartStart

Be sure you have connected the cables and power source as described in Step 1 “Connect the Router” guide contained in your Netopia folio.

Before you launch the SmartStart application, make sure your computer meets the following requirements:

PC Macintosh

System software

Connectivity software

Connectivity hardware

Browser software

Notes:

• The computer running SmartStart must be on the same Ethernet cable segment as the Netopia R7100.

Repeaters, such as 10Base-T hubs between your computer and the Netopia R7100, are acceptable, but devices such as switches or other routers are not.

• SmartStart for the PC will set your TCP/IP control panel to “Obtain an IP address automatically” if it is not already set this way. This will cause your computer to reboot. If you have a speciﬁed IP address conﬁgured in the computer, you should make a note of it before running SmartStart, in case you do not want to use the dynamic addressing features built in to the Netopia Router and need to restore the ﬁxed IP address.

Windows 95, 98, or NT operating system MacOS 7.5 or later

TCP/IP must be installed and properly conﬁgured. See “Conﬁguring TCP/IP on

Windows 95, 98, or NT computers” on page 5-6

Ethernet card (10Base-T) Either a built-in or third-party Ethernet card

Netscape Communicator™ or Microsoft Internet Explorer, included on the Netopia CD. Required for web-based registration and web-based monitoring.

MacTCP or Open Transport TCP/IP must be installed and properly conﬁgured. See

“Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers” on page 5-10.

(10Base-T)

Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 5-3

Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard

The SmartStart Wizard is tailored for your platform, but it works the same way on either a PC or a Macintosh. Insert the Netopia CD, and in the desktop navigation screen that appears, launch the SmartStart Wizard application.

SmartStart Wizard conﬁguration screens

The screens described in this section are the default screens shipped on the Netopia CD. They derive from two initialization (.ini) ﬁles included in the same directory as the SmartStart application ﬁle. Your reseller or your ISP may have supplied you with customized versions of these ﬁles.

■ If you have received a CD or diskette that has been customized by your reseller or ISP, you

can run the SmartStart Wizard directly from the CD or diskette and follow the instructions your reseller or ISP provides. This makes your Netopia R7100 conﬁguration even easier.

■ If you have received only the .ini ﬁles from your reseller or ISP, perform the following:

■ Copy the entire directory folder containing the SmartStart Wizard application from the

Netopia CD to your hard disk.

■ Copy the customized .ini ﬁles to the same directory folder that contains the SmartStart

Wizard application, allowing the copy process to overwrite the original .ini ﬁles.

■ Run the SmartStart Wizard from your hard disk. Y ou can then follow the instructions your

reseller or ISP provides.

The SmartStart Wizard presents a series of screens to guide you through the preliminary conﬁguration of a Netopia R7100. It will then create a connection proﬁle using the information you supply to it.

Welcome screen. The ﬁrst screen welcomes you to the SmartStart Wizard conﬁguration utility.

Click the Next button after you have responded to the interactive prompts in each screen.

The Help button will display useful information to assist you in responding to the interactive prompts.

5-4 User’s Reference Guide

Easy or Advanced options screen. Y ou can choose either

Easy or Advanced setup.

■ If you choose Easy, SmartStart automatically uses

the preconﬁgured IP addressing setup built into your router. This is the best choice if you are creating a new network or don’t already have an IP addressing scheme on your new network.

If you choose Easy, you will see a “Connection Test

screen,” like the one shown below while SmartStart

checks the connection to your router.

■ If you choose Advanced, skip to page 5-6 now. The

SmartStart Wizard displays the “Router IP Address

screen” on page 5-5, in which you can choose ways

to modify your router’s IP address.

Easy option

Connection Test screen. SmartStart tests the connection to the router. While it is testing the connection, a progress indicator screen is displayed and the router’s Ethernet LEDs ﬂash.

When the test succeeds, SmartStart indicates success. If the test fails, the wizard displays an error screen. If the test fails, check the following:

■ Check your cable connections. Be sure you have connected the router and the computer properly, using the

correct cables. Refer to the Step 1 “Connect the Router” sheet in your Netopia R7100 documentation folio.

■ Make sure the router is turned on and that there is an Ethernet connection between your computer and the

router.

■ Check the TCP/IP control panel settings to be sure that automatic IP Addressing (Windows) or DHCP

(Macintosh) is selected. If you are using a Windows PC, SmartStart will automatically detect a static IP address and offer to conﬁgure the computer for automatic addressing. On a Macintosh computer, you must manually set the TCP/IP Control Panel to DHCP. See “Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers” on

page 5-10. If you currently use a static IP address outside the 192.168.1.x network, and want to continue

using it, use the Advanced option to assign the router an IP address in your target IP range. See “Advanced

option” on page 5-5.

■ If all of the above steps fail to resolve the problem, reset the router to its factory default settings and rerun

SmartStart. See “Factory defaults” on page 14-6 for instructions.

Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 5-5

When the test is successful, SmartStart presents you with the “Additional Conﬁguration screen,” shown below.

Additional Conﬁguration screen. If you have a router that has a permanent unswitched connection to your ISP , such as an IDSL, SDSL, or Ethernet WAN interface router attached to a cable modem, the Additional Conﬁguration screen appears.

You may want to do additional conﬁguration to customize your network environment. SmartStart lets you launch your Telnet application. Click the Telnet button to launch your Telnet application.

Advanced conﬁguration options available via Telnet are explained in “Console-Based Management” on page 6-1.

However, if you need no further conﬁguration options, click Quit. Congratulations! You’re done!

Advanced option

Router IP Address screen. If you selected the Advanced option in the “Easy or Advanced options screen” on

page 5-4, SmartStart asks you to choose between

entering the router’s current IP address and assigning an IP address to the router.

If the router has already been assigned an IP address, select the ﬁrst radio button. If you do this, the “Known IP

Address screen,” appears (shown below.)

If you want to reconﬁgure the router with a new IP address and subnet mask, select the second radio button. If you do this, the “New IP Address screen” on page 5-6 appears.

When you have done this, click Next.

5-6 User’s Reference Guide

Known IP Address screen. SmartStart displays a recommended address for the router based on the IP address of the computer.

If you know the router has an IP address different from the default value, enter it now. Otherwise, accept the recommended address.

When you have done this, click Next. SmartStart tests the connection to your router. SmartStart then returns you to an “Additional

Conﬁguration screen” on page 5-5.

New IP Address screen. If you want to change the router’s IP address, you enter the new IP address, the subnet mask, and the router’s serial number in this screen. Remember, the serial number is on the bottom of the router. It is also found in your documentation folio.

Note: Forcing a new IP address may turn off the Netopia R7100’s IP address serving capabilities, if you assign an IP address and subnet mask outside the router’s current IP address serving pool. The Netopia R7100 does not allow an invalid address to be served. Use this option with caution.

When you have done this, click Next. SmartStart forces the new IP address into the router, tests

the connection, and then resets the router. SmartStart then returns you to the “Additional

Conﬁguration screen” on page 5-5.

Sharing the Connection Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Windows 95, 98, or NT computers

Conﬁguring TCP/IP on a Windows computer requires the following:

■ An Ethernet card (also known as a network adapter)

■ The TCP/IP protocol must be “bound” to the adapter or card

Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 5-7

Dynamic conﬁguration (recommended)

If you conﬁgure your Netopia R7100 using SmartStart, you can accept the dynamic IP address assigned by your router. The Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP) server, which enables dynamic addressing, is enabled by default in the router. If your PC is not set for dynamic addressing, SmartStart will offer to do this for you when you launch it. In that case, you will have to restart your PC and relaunch SmartStart. If you conﬁgure your PC for dynamic addressing in advance, SmartStart need only be launched once. To conﬁgure your PC for dynamic addressing do the following:

1. Go to the Start Menu/Settings/Control Panels and double click the Network icon. From the Network components list, select the Conﬁguration tab.

2. Select TCP/IP-->Your Network Card. Then select Properties. In the TCP/IP Properties screen (shown below), select the IP Address tab. Click “Obtain an IP Address automatically.”

3. Click on the DNS Conﬁguration tab. Click Disable DNS. DNS will be assigned by the router with DHCP.

4. Click OK in this window, and the next window. When prompted, reboot the computer.

Note: You can also use these instructions to conﬁgure other computers on your network to accept IP addresses served by the Netopia R7100.

5-8 User’s Reference Guide

Static conﬁguration (optional)

If you are manually conﬁguring for a ﬁxed or static IP address, perform the following:

1. Go to Start Menu/Settings/Control Panels and double click the Network icon. From the Network components list, select the Conﬁguration tab.

2. Select TCP/IP-->Your Network Card. Then select Properties. In the TCP/IP Properties screen (shown below), select the IP Address tab. Click “Specify an IP Address.” Enter the following:

IP Address: 192.168.1.2 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0, or for 12-user models 255.255.255.240

This address is an example of one that can be used to conﬁgure the router with the Easy option in the SmartStart Wizard. Your ISP or network administrator may ask you to use a different IP address and subnet mask.

Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 5-9

3. Click on the Gateway tab (shown below). Under “New gateway,” enter

192.168.1.1. Click Add. This is the Netopia R7100’s pre-assigned IP address.

Click on the DNS Conﬁguration tab. Click Enable DNS. Enter the following information:

Host: Type the name you want to give to this computer.

Domain: Type your domain name. If you don't have a domain name, type your ISP's domain name; for example, netopia.com.

DNS Server Search Order: Type the

primary DNS IP address given to you by your ISP. Click

Add. Repeat this process for the secondary DNS. Domain Sufﬁx Search Order: Enter the same domain

name you entered above.

4. Click OK in this window, and the next window. When prompted, reboot the computer. Note: You can also use these instructions to conﬁgure other computers on your network with manual or static

IP addresses. Be sure each computer on your network has its own IP address.

5-10 User’s Reference Guide

Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers

The following is a quick guide to conﬁguring TCP/IP for MacOS computers. Conﬁguring TCP/IP in a Macintosh computer requires the following:

■ You must have either Open Transport or Classic Networking (MacTCP) installed.

Note: If you want to use the Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP) server built into your Netopia R7100 to assign IP addresses to your Macintoshes, you must be running Open Transport, standard in MacOS 8, and optional in earlier system versions. You can have your Netopia R7100 dynamically assign IP addresses using MacTCP; however, to do so requires that the optional AppleTalk kit be installed which can only be done after the router is conﬁgured.

■ You must have built-in Ethernet or a third-party Ethernet card and its associated drivers installed in your

Macintosh.

Dynamic conﬁguration (recommended)

If you conﬁgure your Netopia R7100 using SmartStart, you can accept the dynamic IP address assigned by your router. The Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP), which enables dynamic addressing, is enabled by default in the router. To conﬁgure your Macintosh computer for dynamic addressing do the following:

1. Go to the Apple menu. Select Control Panels and then TCP/IP.

2. With the TCP/IP window open, go to the Edit menu and select User Mode. Choose Basic and click OK.

3. In the TCP/IP window, select “Connect via: Ethernet” and “Conﬁgure: Using DHCP Server.”

Note: You can also use these instructions to conﬁgure other computers on your network to accept IP addresses served by the Netopia R7100.

Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 5-11

Static conﬁguration (optional)

If you are manually conﬁguring for a ﬁxed or static IP address, perform the following:

1. Go to the Apple menu. Select Control Panels and then TCP/IP or MacTCP.

2. With the TCP/IP window open, go to the Edit menu and select User Mode. Choose Advanced and click OK.

Or, in the MacTCP window, select Ethernet and click the More button.

3. In the TCP/IP window or in the MacTCP/More window, select or type information into the ﬁelds as shown in the following table.

Option: Select/Type:

Connect via: Ethernet Conﬁgure: Manually IP Address: 192.168.1.2 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0, or for 12-user models

255.255.255.240 Router or Gateway address: 192.168.1.1 Name server address: Enter the primary and secondary name server

addresses given to you by your ISP

Implicit Search Path: Starting domain name:

Enter your domain name; if you do not have a domain name, enter the domain name of your ISP

4. Close the TCP/IP or MacTCP control panel and save the settings.

5. If you are using MacTCP, you must restart the computer. If you are using Open Transport, you do not need to restart. These are the only ﬁelds you need to modify in this screen.

Note: You can also use these instructions to conﬁgure other computers on your network with manual or static IP addresses. Be sure each computer on your network has its own IP address.

5-12 User’s Reference Guide

Dynamic conﬁguration using MacIP (optional)

If you want to use MacIP to dynamically assign IP addresses to the Macintosh computers on your network you must install the optional AppleTalk feature set kit.

Note: You cannot use MacIP dynamic conﬁguration to conﬁgure your Netopia R7100 ISDN Router because you must ﬁrst conﬁgure the router in order to enable AppleTalk.

Once the AppleTalk kit is installed, you can conﬁgure your Macintoshes for MacIP. To conﬁgure dynamically using MacIP, perform the following:

Using Open Transport TCP/IP

1. Go to the Apple menu. Select Control Panels and then TCP/IP.

2. With the TCP/IP window open, go to the Edit menu and select User Mode. Choose Advanced and click OK.

3. In the TCP/IP window, select or type information into the ﬁelds as shown in the following table.

TCP/IP Option: Select/ Type:

Connect via: AppleTalk (MacIP) Conﬁgure: Using MacIP server MacIP Server zone: (select available zone) Name server address: Enter the primary and secondary name server

addresses given to you by your ISP

Implicit Search Path: Starting domain name:

Enter your domain name; if you do not have a domain name, enter the domain name of your ISP

4. Close the TCP/IP control panel and save the settings. These are the only ﬁelds you need to modify in these screens.

Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 5-13

Using Classic Networking (MacTCP)

1. Go to the Apple Menu. Select Control Panels and then Network.

2. In the Network window, select EtherTalk.

3. Go back to the Apple menu. Select Control Panels and then MacTCP.

4. Select EtherTalk. From the pull-down menu under EtherTalk, select an available zone; then click the More button. In the MacTCP/More window select the Server radio button. If necessary, ﬁll in the Domain Name Server

Information given to you by your administrator.

5. Restart the computer. These are the only ﬁelds you need to modify in these screens.

Note: More information about conﬁguring your Macintosh computer for TCP/IP connectivity through a Netopia R7100 can be found in T echnote NIR_026, “Open Transport and Netopia Routers,” located on the Netopia Web site.

5-14 User’s Reference Guide

Console-Based Management 6-1

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CCCCoooonnnnssssoooolllleeee----BBBBaaaasssseeeedddd MMMMaaaannnnaaaaggggeeeemmmmeeeennnntt

Console-based management is a menu-driven interface for the capabilities built in to the Netopia R7100. Console-based management provides access to a wide variety of features that the router supports. You can customize these features for your individual setup. This chapter describes how to access the console-based management screens.

This section covers the following topics:

■ “Connecting through a Telnet session” on page 6-2

■ “Connecting a console cable to your router” on page 6-3

■ “Navigating through the console screens” on page 6-4

Console-based management screens contain seven entry points to the Netopia Router conﬁguration and monitoring features. The entry points are displayed in the Main Menu shown below:

Netopia R7100-C v4.3

Easy Setup... WAN Configuration... System Configuration... Utilities & Diagnostics... Statistics & Logs... Quick Menus... Quick View... PreBeta Screens PPP Maint (ex-Harry) Return/Enter goes to Easy Setup -- minimal configuration.

You always start from this main screen.

■ The Easy Setup menus display and permit changing the values contained in the default connection proﬁle.

Experienced users can use Easy Setup to initially conﬁgure the router directly through a console session. Easy Setup menus contain up to ﬁve descendant screens for viewing or altering these values. The number

of screens depends on whether you have optional features installed.

■ The WAN Conﬁguration menu displays and permits changing your connection proﬁle(s) and default proﬁle,

creating or deleting additional connection proﬁles, and conﬁguring or reconﬁguring the manner in which you

6-2 User’s Reference Guide

may be using the router to connect to more than one service provider or remote site.

■ The System Conﬁguration menus display and permit changing:

■ Network protocols setup. See “IP Setup and Network Address Translation” on page 9-1, “IPX Setup”

on page 10-1, and “AppleTalk Setup” on page 11-1.

■ Filter sets (ﬁrewalls). See “Security” on page 13-1.

■ IP address serving. See “IP address serving” on page 9-21.

■ Date and time. See “Date and time” on page 8-8.

■ Console conﬁguration. See “Connecting a console cable to your router” on page 6-3.

■ SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). See “SNMP” on page 12-12.

■ Security. See “Security” on page 13-1.

■ Upgrade feature set. See “Upgrade feature set” on page 8-10.

■ The Utilities & Diagnostics menus provide a selection of seven tools for monitoring and diagnosing the

router's behavior, as well as for updating the ﬁrmware and rebooting the system. See “Utilities and

Diagnostics” on page 14-1 for detailed information.

■ The Statistics & Logs menus display nine sets of tables and device logs that show information about your

router, your network and their history. See “Statistics & Logs” on page 12-4 for detailed information.

■ The Quick Menus screen is a shortcut entry point to 22 of the most commonly used conﬁguration menus

that are accessed through the other menu entry points.

■ The Quick View menu displays at a glance current real-time operating information about your router. See

“Quick View status overview” on page 12-1 for detailed information.

Connecting through a Telnet session

Features of the Netopia R7100 can be conﬁgured through the console screens. Before you can access the console screens through Telnet, you must have:

■ A network connection locally to the router or IP access to the router.

Note: Alternatively, you can have a direct serial console cable connection using the provided console cable for your platform (PC or Macintosh) and the Console port on the back of the router. For more information on attaching the console cable, see “Connecting a console cable to your router” on page 6-3.

■ Telnet software installed on the computer you will use to conﬁgure the router

Console-Based Management 6-3

Conﬁguring Telnet software

If you are conﬁguring your router using a Telnet session, your computer must be running a Telnet software program.

■ If you connect a PC with Microsoft Windows, you can use a Windows T elnet application or simply run T elnet

from the Start menu.

■ If you connect a Macintosh computer, you can use the NCSA Telnet program supplied on the Netopia

R7100 CD. You install NCSA Telnet by simply dragging the application from the CD to your hard disk.

Connecting a console cable to your router

You can perform all of the system conﬁguration activities for your Netopia R7100 through a local serial console connection using terminal emulation software, such as HyperTerminal provided with Windows95 on the PC, or ZTerm, included on the Netopia CD, for Macintosh computers.

The Netopia R7100 back panel has a connector labeled “Console” for attaching the Router to either a PC or Macintosh computer via the serial port on the computer. (On a Macintosh computer, the serial port is called the Modem port or Printer port.) This connection lets you use the computer to conﬁgure and monitor the Netopia R7100 via the console screens.

Ethernet

Normal

Auxiliary Console Power

Uplink

Line

Console connection port DB-9 (male)

To connect the Netopia R7100 to your computer for serial console communication, use the supplied dual console cable connector end appropriate to your platform:

■ One DB-9 connector end attaches to a PC.

■ The mini-DIN8 connector end attaches to a Macintosh computer.

■ The DB-9 end of the Console cable attaches to the Netopia R7100’s Console port.

■ If you connect a PC with Microsoft Windows 95 or NT, you can use the HyperTerminal application bundled

with the operating system.

■ If you connect a Macintosh computer, you can use the ZTerm terminal emulation program on the supplied

Netopia R7100 CD.

6-4 User’s Reference Guide

Launch your terminal emulation software and conﬁgure the communications software for the values shown in the table below. These are the default communication parameters that the Netopia R7100 uses.

Parameter Suggested Value

Terminal type PC: ANSI-BBS

Mac: ANSI, VT-100, or VT-200

Data bits 8 Parity None Stop bits 1 Speed 57600 bits per second Flow Control None Note: The router ﬁrmware contains an autobaud detection feature. If you are at any

screen on the serial console, you can change your baud rate and press Return (HyperTerminal for the PC requires a disconnect). The new baud rate is displayed at the bottom of the screen.

Navigating through the console screens

Use your keyboard to navigate the Netopia R7100’s conﬁguration screens, enter and edit information, and make choices. The following table lists the keys to use to navigate through the console screens.

To... Use These Keys...

Move through selectable items in a screen or pop-up menu Up, Down, Left, and

Right Arrow

To set a change to a selected item or open a pop-up menu of options for a selected item like entering an upgrade key

Change a toggle value (Yes/No, On/Off) Tab Restore an entry or toggle value to its previous value Esc Move one item up Up arrow or Control + k Move one item down Down arrow or Control + j Display a dump of the device event log Control + e Display a dump of the WAN event log Control + f Refresh the screen Control + L

Return or Enter

Go to topmost selectable item < Go to bottom right selectable item >

Easy Setup 7-1

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This chapter describes how to use the Easy Setup console screens on your Netopia R7100 SDSL Router. After completing the Easy Setup console screens, your router will be ready to connect to the Internet or another remote site.

Easy Setup console screens

Using three Easy Setup console screens, you can:

■ Modify a connection proﬁle for your router for the connection to your ISP or remote location

■ Set up IP addresses and IP address serving

■ Password–protect conﬁguration access to your Netopia R7100 SDSL Router

Accessing the Easy Setup console screens

To access the console screens, Telnet to the Netopia Router over your Ethernet network, or physically connect with a serial console cable and access the Netopia Router with a terminal emulation program. See “Connecting

through a Telnet session” on page 6-2 or “Connecting a console cable to your router” on page 6-3.

Note: Before continuing, make sure you have the information that your telephone service provider, ISP, or network administrator has given you for conﬁguring the Netopia Router.

The Netopia Router’s ﬁrst console screen, Main Menu, appears in the terminal emulation window of the attached PC or Macintosh computer when

■ The Netopia Router is turned on

■ The computer is connected to the Netopia Router

■ The Telnet or terminal emulation software is running and conﬁgured correctly

7-2 User’s Reference Guide

A screen similar to the following Main Menu appears:

Netopia R7100-C v4.3

Easy Setup... WAN Configuration... System Configuration... Utilities & Diagnostics... Statistics & Logs... Quick Menus... Quick View...

Return/Enter goes to Easy Setup -- minimal configuration. You always start from this main screen.

If you do not see the Main Menu, verify that:

■ The computer used to view the console screen has its serial port connected to the Netopia R7100’s

Console port or an Ethernet connection to one of its Ethernet ports. See “Connecting a console cable to

your router” on page 6-3 or “Connecting through a Telnet session” on page 6-2.

■ The Telnet or terminal emulation software is conﬁgured for the recommended values.

■ If you are connecting via the Console port, your computer’s serial port is not being used by another device,

such as an internal modem, or an application. Turn off all other programs (other than your terminal emulation program) that may be interfering with your access to the port.

■ You have entered the correct password, if necessary. Your Netopia R7100’s console access may be

password protected from a previous conﬁguration. See your system administrator to obtain the password. See Appendix A, “Troubleshooting,” for more suggestions.

Easy Setup 7-3

Quick Easy Setup connection path

This section may be all you need to do to conﬁgure your Netopia R7100 with SDSL to connect to the Internet.

With DHCP and ATM FUNI (the defaults)

Your Netopia R7100 with SDSL comes preconﬁgured with the ability to accept an IP address dynamically assigned by your ISP. To do this, it acts as a Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol client to your ISP's DHCP server. This means that each time you power the Router on when it is connected to the SDSL line, it conﬁgures itself with IP address settings without any input on your part.

Your service provider must also be running the Data Link Encapsulation method called ATM FUNI. This is the most common method used on the Copper Mountain DSLAM.

If your ISP supports these requirements, skip these instructions. You don’t need to do anything else.

Without DHCP

Some ISPs may not be running a DHCP server, or may be using the Frame Relay Data Link Encapsulation method. In this case, they may simply assign your router a Static IP Address and will supply you with several values for you to enter in the Router. The ISP will provide the values shown below:

■ Data Link Encapsulation _______________________________

■ Local WAN IP Address _________________________________

■ Local WAN IP Mask ____________________________________

■ Default IP Gateway ____________________________________

■ Domain Name _________________________________________

■ Primary Domain Name Server ___________________________

(If you want to record these values, you can print this page and use the spaces above.) If your ISP assigns your Router a Static IP address, do the following:

1. Open a Telnet session to 192.168.1.1 to bring up the Main Menu. If you don't know how to do this, see “Connecting through a Telnet session” on page 6-2. Alternatively, you can connect the console cable and open a direct serial console connection, using a

terminal emulator program. See “Connecting a console cable to your router” on page 6-3.

7-4 User’s Reference Guide

The Main Menu appears.

Netopia R7100-C v4.3

Easy Setup... WAN Configuration... System Configuration... Utilities & Diagnostics... Statistics & Logs... Quick Menus... Quick View...

2. Select the ﬁrst item on the Main Menu list, Easy Setup. Press Return to bring up the SDSL Line Conﬁguration menu screen.

SDSL Line Configuration

+-------------+ +-------------+ Data Link Encapsulation... | Frame Relay | | ATM FUNI | +-------------+

TO MAIN MENU NEXT SCREEN

3. Select Data Link Encapsulation and press Return. The pop-up menu will offer you the choice of Frame Relay or ATM FUNI. If you select Frame Relay, see “Conﬁguring Frame Relay” on page 7-10. Select the one your ISP uses and press Return.

4. Press the Down arrow key until you reach NEXT SCREEN. Press Return to bring up the next screen.

Easy Setup 7-5

Connection Profile 1: Easy Setup Profile

Connection Profile Name: Easy Setup Profile

Address Translation Enabled: Yes IP Addressing... Numbered

Local WAN IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Local WAN IP Mask: 0.0.0.0

PREVIOUS SCREEN NEXT SCREEN Return accepts * ESC cancels * Left/Right moves insertion point * Del deletes.

Enter basic information about your WAN connection with this screen.

5. Press the Down arrow key until the editable ﬁeld labelled Local WAN IP Address is highlighted.

6. Type the IP Address your ISP gave you. Press Return. The next ﬁeld Local WAN IP Mask will be highlighted.

7. Type the Local WAN IP Mask your ISP gave you. Press Return.

8. Press the Down arrow key until you reach NEXT SCREEN. Press Return to bring up the next screen.

IP Easy Setup

Ethernet IP Address: 192.168.1.1 Ethernet Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

Domain Name: Primary Domain Name Server: 0.0.0.0

Default IP Gateway: 0.0.0.0 IP Address Serving: On Number of Client IP Addresses: 100

1st Client Address: 192.168.1.100

PREVIOUS SCREEN NEXT SCREEN Enter an IP address in decimal and dot form (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx).

Set up the basic IP & IPX attributes of your Netopia in this screen.

9. Press the Down arrow key until the editable ﬁeld labelled Domain Name is highlighted.

10. Type the Domain Name your ISP gave you. Press Return. The next ﬁeld Primary Domain Name Server will be highlighted.

7-6 User’s Reference Guide

11. Type the Primary Domain Name Server address your ISP gave you. Press Return. A new ﬁeld Secondary Domain Name Server will appear. If your ISP gave you a secondary domain name server address, enter it

here. Press Return until the next ﬁeld Default IP Gateway is highlighted.

12. Enter the Default IP Gateway address your ISP gave you. Press Return.

13. Press the Down arrow key until you reach NEXT SCREEN. Press Return.

14. Do this again, through the next two screens until you reach RESTART DEVICE. When RESTART DEVICE is highlighted, press Return. When prompted, select CONTINUE, and press Return.

The Router will restart and your conﬁguration settings will be activated. You can then Exit or Quit your Telnet application.

Note: For more Easy Setup options, see the next section. For more Frame Relay conﬁguration options see

“Conﬁguring Frame Relay” on page 7-10.

More Easy Setup options

You always access Easy Setup by selecting Easy Setup in the Main Menu, then pressing Return.

1. The SDSL Line Conﬁguration menu screen appears.

SDSL Line Configuration

+-------------+ +-------------+ Data Link Encapsulation... | Frame Relay | | ATM FUNI | +-------------+

TO MAIN MENU NEXT SCREEN

2. Select Data Link Encapsulation and press Return. The pop-up menu offers you the choice of Frame Relay or ATM FUNI. If you select Frame Relay, see “Conﬁguring Frame Relay” on page 7-10. Select the one your ISP uses and press Return.

The Easy Setup Proﬁle screen appears.

Connection Profile 1: Easy Setup Profile

Connection Profile Name: Easy Setup Profile

Address Translation Enabled: Yes IP Addressing... Numbered

Local WAN IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Local WAN IP Mask: 0.0.0.0

PREVIOUS SCREEN NEXT SCREEN Return accepts * ESC cancels * Left/Right moves insertion point * Del deletes.

Enter basic information about your WAN connection with this screen.

Easy Setup 7-7

Easy Setup Proﬁle

The Easy Setup Proﬁle screen is where you conﬁgure the parameters that control the Netopia R7100’s connection to a speciﬁc remote destination, usually your ISP or a corporate site.

On a Netopia R7100 SDSL Router you can add up to 15 more connection proﬁles, for a total of 16, although you can only use one at a time.

1. To enable address translation, toggle Address Translation Enabled to Yes (the default). For more information on Network Address Translation, see Chapter 9, “IP Setup and Network Address Translation,”

on page 9-1.

2. You can toggle IP Addressing to either Numbered or Unnumbered. Numbered is the default for SDSL. It assigns a unique IP address to the SDSL WAN interface, as required

by most ISPs’ routers. Unnumbered may be used for simpler conﬁgurations such as point-to-point short haul applications.

3. Select the Local WAN IP Address ﬁeld. The default address is 0.0.0.0, which allows for dynamic addressing, when your ISP assigns an address each time you connect. However, you may enter another speciﬁc address if you want to use static addressing. In that case, enter the local WAN address your ISP gave you.

When using numbered interfaces, the Netopia Router will use its local WAN IP address and subnet mask to send packets to the remote router. Both routers have WAN IP addresses and subnet masks associated with the connection.

When using unnumbered interfaces, the Netopia Router will use either its local Ethernet IP address or its NAT address (if so conﬁgured) and subnet mask to send packets to the remote router. Neither router has a WAN IP address or subnet mask associated with this connection.

4. Select NEXT SCREEN and press Return. The IP Easy Setup screen appears.

7-8 User’s Reference Guide

IP Easy Setup

The IP Easy Setup screen is where you enter information about your Netopia Router’s:

■ Ethernet IP address

■ Ethernet Subnet mask

■ Domain Name

■ Domain Name Server IP address

■ Default gateway IP address

Consult with your network administrator to obtain the information you will need. For more information about setting up IP, see “IP Setup and Network Address Translation” on page 9-1.

IP Easy Setup

Ethernet IP Address: 192.168.1.1 Ethernet Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

Domain Name: Primary Domain Name Server: 0.0.0.0

Default IP Gateway: 0.0.0.0 IP Address Serving: On Number of Client IP Addresses: 100

1st Client Address: 192.168.1.100

PREVIOUS SCREEN NEXT SCREEN Enter an IP address in decimal and dot form (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx).

Set up the basic IP & IPX attributes of your Netopia in this screen.

1. Select Ethernet IP Address and enter the ﬁrst IP address from the IP address range your ISP has given you. This will be the Netopia Router’s IP address.

If Network Address Translation is enabled in the Easy Setup connection proﬁle, the Ethernet IP Address defaults to an address within a range reserved by the Internet address administration authority for use within private networks, 192.168.1.1.

Because this is a private network address, it should never be directly connected to the Internet. Using NAT for all your connection proﬁles will ensure this restriction. See “IP Setup and Network Address Translation”

on page 9-1 of this guide for more information.

2. Select Ethernet Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask your ISP has given you. The Ethernet Subnet Mask defaults to a standard class mask derived from the class of the Ethernet IP address you entered in the previous step.

3. Select Domain Name and enter the domain name your ISP has given you.

Easy Setup 7-9

4. Select Primary Domain Name Server and enter the IP address your ISP has given you. An alternate or Secondary Domain Name Server ﬁeld will appear, where you can enter a secondary DNS IP address if your

ISP has given you one.

5. If you do not enter a Default IP Gateway value, the router defaults to the remote IP address you entered in the Easy Setup connection proﬁle. If the Netopia Router does not recognize the destination of any IP trafﬁc, it forwards that trafﬁc to this gateway.

Do not confuse the remote IP address and the Default IP Gateway’s address with the block of local IP addresses you receive from your ISP. You use the local IP addresses for the Netopia R7100’s Ethernet port and for IP clients on your local network. The remote IP address and the default gateway’s IP address should point to your ISP’s router.

Easy Setup Security Conﬁguration

The Easy Setup Security Conﬁguration screen lets you password-protect your Netopia R7100. Input your Write Access Name and Write Access Password with names or numbers totaling up to eleven digits.

If you password protect the console screens, you will be prompted to enter the name and password you have speciﬁed every time you log in to the console screens. Do not forget your name and password. If you do, you will be unable to access any of the conﬁguration screens.

Additional security features are available. See “Security” on page 13-1.

Easy Setup Security Configuration

It is strongly suggested that you password-protect configuration access to your Netopia. By entering a Name and Password pair here, access via serial, Telnet, SNMP and Web Server will be password-protected.

Be sure to remember what you have typed here, because you will be prompted for it each time you configure this Netopia.

You can remove an existing Name and Password by clearing both fields below. Write Access Name: Write Access Password:

PREVIOUS SCREEN TO MAIN MENU RESTART DEVICE

Configure a Configuration Access Name and Password here.

The ﬁnal step in conﬁguring the Easy Setup console screens is to restart the Netopia R7100, so that the conﬁguration settings take effect.

1. Select RESTART DEVICE. A prompt asks you to conﬁrm your choice.

2. Select CONTINUE to restart the Netopia Router and have your selections take effect.

Note: You can also restart the system at any time by using the Restart System utility (see “Restarting the

system” on page 14-12) or by turning the Netopia Router off and on with the power switch.

7-10 User’s Reference Guide

Conﬁguring Frame Relay

Frame Relay is an alternative datalink encapsulation method for use over unswitched connections. If this does not apply to your connection, you can skip the corresponding sections.

You can specify Frame relay as your Datalink Encapsulation method in either of two ways:

■ the “Easy Setup Frame Relay screens” on page 7-10 or

■ the “WAN Conﬁguration Frame Relay screens” on page 7-11

Easy Setup Frame Relay screens

Main

SDSL Line Configuration

+-------------+ +-------------+ Data Link Encapsulation... | Frame Relay | | ATM FUNI | +-------------+

TO MAIN MENU NEXT SCREEN Return/Enter brings you to next screen.

Enter Information supplied to you by your telephone company.

Easy

Setup

SDSL Line

Configuration

Easy Setup 7-11

WAN Conﬁguration Frame Relay screens

The SDSL Line Conﬁguration menu also offers the options of either PPP, HDLC, or Frame Relay as your datalink encapsulation method.

Main

SDSL Line Configuration

Clock Source... Network +-------------+ +-------------+ Data Link Encapsulation... | Frame Relay | | ATM FUNI | +-------------+

Aux Serial Port... Unused

WAN

Configuration

WAN

Setup

SDSL Line

Configuration

7-12 User’s Reference Guide

Frame Relay conﬁguration

If you chose Frame Relay as your datalink encapsulation type you can now conﬁgure the Frame Relay options from the WAN Conﬁguration menu.

WAN Configuration

WAN (Wide Area Network) Setup... Display/Change Connection Profile...

Add Connection Profile... Delete Connection Profile...

Default Profile...

Frame Relay Configuration... Frame Relay DLCI Configuration...

Return/Enter for WAN line configuration. From here you will configure yours and the remote sites' WAN information.

From the WAN Conﬁguration screen, select WAN Setup, then select the Frame Relay Conﬁguration option and press Return. The Frame Relay Conﬁguration screen appears.

Frame Relay Configuration

LMI Type... ANSI (Annex D) T391 (Polling Interval in secs): 10 N391 (Polls/Full Status Cycles): 6 N392 (Error Threshold): 3 N393 (Monitored Event Window): 4

Tx Injection Management... Standard Default CIR: 64000 Default Bc: 64000 Default Be: 0

Congestion Management Enabled: No

Maximum Tx Frame Size: 1520

Return/Enter goes to new screen. Enter Information supplied to you by your telephone company.

Easy Setup 7-13

Note: The default conﬁguration for the model R3100-C is appropriate for current versions of the Copper Mountain DSLAM ﬁrmware. Future versions of the Copper Mountain ﬁrmware may support multiple statically conﬁgured DLCIs or DLCIs other than 16, or an LMI setting other than No LMI. In that case there may be no need to statically conﬁgure DLCIs at all since the router may be able to detect what DLCIs are conﬁgured between it and the DSLAM. Consult your service provider, CE200 documentation, or technical notes from Copper Mountain for DSLAM conﬁguration.

The following conﬁguration information is provided for options available in future versions of the Copper Mountain ﬁrmware.

1. Select LMI Type (Link Management Type) and press Return. From the pop-up menu, highlight either ANSI (Annex D), CCITT (Annex A), LMI, or No LMI. The default is No LMI. Press Return.

See “Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration” on page 7-14 for instructions. Specifying the Link Management Type is the ﬁrst step in conﬁguring Frame Relay.

■ If you select an LMI Type (Link Management Type) other than None, the T391 option speciﬁes the

number of seconds between the Status Enquiry messages. The default setting is 10.

■ The N391 option speciﬁes the frequency of full status polls, in increments of the basic (T391) polling

cycle. The default setting is 6.

■ The N392 option speciﬁes the maximum number of (link reliability, protocol, and sequence number)

error events that can occur within the N393 sliding window. If an N392 threshold is exceeded, the switch declares the Netopia Router inactive. The default setting is 3.

■ The N393 option allows the user to specify the width of the sliding N392 monitored event window . The

default setting is 4.

2. Select Tx Injection Management and press Return. From the pop-up menu, highlight Standard if you want the frames on your line that exceed the conﬁgured service parameters to be dropped at the router, Buffered if you want the frames on your line that exceed the link capacity to be delayed until the link is less busy, or None if you want all of the frames on your line to be transmitted. Press Return.

Note: If you select None as the Tx Injection Management type, the three Tx Injection Management options listed below will remain hidden. Go to step 4.

If you select Standard or Buffered as the Tx Injection Management type, then the Default CIR, Bc, and Be values will appear (in the corresponding ﬁelds below the Tx Injection Management ﬁeld) in order for you to deﬁne the parameters the management algorithm.

■ The Default CIR (CIR also referred to as Committed

Information Rate) represents the average capacity available to a given PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) or DLCI (Data Link Connection Identiﬁer). This setting defaults to 64000, but you may modify the capacity rate if this setting will not be applicable to you.

■ The Default Bc (Bc also referred to as Committed Burst Size) represents the maximum amount of data

that your Frame Relay service provider agrees to transfer from a given PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) or DLCI (Data Link Connection Identiﬁer). This setting defaults to 64000, but you may change the capacity rate if this setting needs to be modiﬁed.

■ The Default Be (Be also referred to as Excess Burst Size) represents the maximum amount of data

that your Frame Relay service provider will attempt to deliver to a given PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) or DLCI (Data Link Connection Identiﬁer). This setting defaults to 0, but you may change the capacity rate if this setting needs to be modiﬁed.

7-14 User’s Reference Guide

Note: Some Frame Relay service providers allow for over-subscription of the DLCIs, which occurs when the total number of CIRs for all PVCs exceeds the line rate setup.

3. Select Congestion Management Enabled and toggle to Yes or No depending on whether you use this selection. Press Return.

If Congestion Management is enabled, this option causes the Netopia Router to use in-bound FECNs (Forward Explicit Congestion Notiﬁcation). This feature is designed to notify you that congestion avoidance procedures should be initiated where applicable for trafﬁc in the same direction as the received frame. It indicates that the frame in question, has encountered congested resources.

Note: The Congestion Management Enabled ﬁeld will only appear if Standard or Buffered is selected as the option from the Tx Injection Management ﬁeld.

4. Select Maximum Tx Frame Size and press Return. The default is automatically set to a value suitable for encapsulating a full ethernet packet’s transmission load, however you may change the Maximum Frame Size to suit your networks transmission load. Press Return.

You are now done conﬁguring the Frame Relay Conﬁguration screen. Press the Escape key to return to the WAN Conﬁguration screen. If you need to conﬁgure your DLCIs, go to the next section.

Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration

If you selected None as your LMI Type then you will need to manually conﬁgure your DLCIs. A Frame Relay DLCI is a set of parameters that tells the Netopia Router how to initially connect to a remote

destination. The Netopia Router supports up to 16 different Frame Relay DLCI proﬁles. Each Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration you set up allows the Netopia Router to connect your network to another

network that uses IP or IPX over Frame Relay.

Easy Setup 7-15

To go to the Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration screen, select Frame Relay DLCI Conﬁguration in the WAN Conﬁguration screen.

Frame Relay DLCI Configuration

Display/Change DLCIs...

Add DLCI...

Delete DLCI...

Add, delete, and modify DLCIs from here.

Displaying a Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration table

To display a view-only table of the Frame Relay DLCIs, select Display/Change DLCIs in the Frame Relay DLCI Conﬁguration screen, and press Return.

The Frame Relay DLCI Conﬁguration table is a handy way to quickly view the DLCI names and DLCI numbers that you attribute to your Frame Relay proﬁles.

Frame Relay DLCI Configuration +-DLCI Name----------DLCI Number-+ +--------------------------------+ | | | DLCI 16 16 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +--------------------------------+

Up/Down Arrow Keys to select, ESC to dismiss, Return/Enter to Edit.

7-16 User’s Reference Guide

Changing a Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration

To modify a Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration, select Display/Change DLCIs in the Frame Relay DLCI Conﬁguration screen.

Select a DLCI Name from the table and press Return to go to the Change DLCI screen. The parameters in this screen are the same as the parameters in the Add DLCI screen. To ﬁnd out how to set them, see “Adding a

Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration” on page 7-17.

Change DLCI DLCI Name: DLCI 33 DLCI Enabled: Yes DLCI Number (16-991): 32 Remote IP Address: 2.0.0.2

Easy Setup 7-17

Adding a Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration

To add a new Frame Relay DLCI, select Add DLCI in the Frame Relay DLCI Conﬁguration screen and press Return. The Add DLCI screen appears.

Add DLCI

DLCI Name: DLCI 16 DLCI Enabled: Yes DLCI Number (16-991): 16

Remote IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Data Flow Parameters---------------Use Default---------Value----

CIR: Yes Bc: Yes Be: Yes

ADD DLCI NOW CANCEL Return accepts * ESC cancels * Left/Right moves insertion point * Del deletes.

Here you configure the parameters for a single DLCI (Data Link Circuit ID).

1. Select DLCI Name and enter a name for this individual Frame Relay DLCI proﬁle. It can be any name you wish. For example: the name of your ISP or remote branch your connecting to such as the corporate headquarters of your company.

Note: The Netopia Router allows Frame Relay DLCIs to be named, so that you can easily reference and differentiate them. This is accomplished by giving a DLCI Name to a DLCI Number.

2. Select DLCI Enabled and toggle it to Yes to activate the proﬁle. If you disable this proﬁle, the Netopia Router will automatically disable and block access to a speciﬁc remote DLCI.

3. Select DLCI Number (16-991) and enter a number for this individual DLCI. Check with your Frame Relay provider to ﬁnd out what numbers are allocated for each of your DLCI proﬁles. The DLCI number range should fall within the range of 16-991.

4. Select Remote IP Address and enter the remote IP address your ISP or network administrator gave you that represents the remote sites IP address for their router. Press Return.

If you select Standard or Buffered as the Tx Injection Management type in the Frame Relay Conﬁguration screen go to the next bulleted item below. If you selected None in the Frame Relay Conﬁguration screen go to step 6.

Below the Remote IP Address ﬁeld, the following Data Flow Parameters appear:

■ The CIR (Committed Information Rate) represents the average capacity available to a given PVC (Per-

manent Virtual Circuit) or DLCI (Data Link Connection Identiﬁer). The setting defaults to 64000, but you may modify the capacity rate by toggling the selection in the Use Default ﬁeld to No. You can then enter a different capacity rate in the Value ﬁeld.

■ The Bc (Committed Burst Size) represents the maximum amount of data that your Frame Relay service

provider agrees to transfer from a given PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) or DLCI (Data Link Connection

7-18 User’s Reference Guide

Identiﬁer). The setting defaults to 64000, but you may modify the committed burst size by toggling the selection in the Use Default ﬁeld to No. You can then enter a different committed burst size in the Value ﬁeld.

■ The Be (Excess Burst Size) represents the maximum amount of data that your Frame Relay service

provider will attempt to deliver to a given PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) or DLCI (Data Link Connection Identiﬁer). The setting defaults to 0, but you may modify the excess burst size by toggling the selection in the Use Default ﬁeld to No. You can then enter a different excess burst size in the Value ﬁeld.

Note: Some Frame Relay service providers allow for over-subscription of the DLCIs, which occurs when the total number of CIRs for all PVCs exceeds the line rate set up.

5. Select ADD DLCI NOW to save the current static Frame Relay DLCI proﬁle that you have just entered, and press Return to go back to the Frame Relay DLCI Conﬁguration screen. Alternately, you can cancel the Frame Relay DLCI proﬁle you have just created by selecting CANCEL to exit the Add DLCI screen.

Deleting a Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration

To delete a Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration, select Delete DLCI in the Frame Relay DLCI Conﬁguration screen and press Return to display the Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration table.

Frame Relay DLCI Configuration +-DLCI Name----------DLCI Number-+ +--------------------------------+ | joe 16 | +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | Are you sure you want to delete this DLCI? | | | | CANCEL CONTINUE | | | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | | | | | | | | | | +--------------------------------+

1. Highlight the Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration you wish to delete. Press Return.

2. A Frame Relay DLCI Conﬁguration table appears with a prompt asking you if you want to delete the connection proﬁle you have just highlighted. Select CONTINUE if you wish to delete this DLCI or CANCEL if you do not.

You are now ﬁnished conﬁguring the Frame Relay DLCI Conﬁguration screen. Easy Setup is now complete.

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User’s Reference Guide

WAN and System Conﬁguration 8-1

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This chapter describes how to use the console-based management screens to access and conﬁgure advanced features of your Netopia R7100 SDSL Router. You can customize these features for your individual setup. These menus provide a powerful method for experienced users to set up their router’s connection proﬁles and system conﬁguration.

This section covers the following topics:

■ “WAN conﬁguration” on page 8-1

■ “The default proﬁle” on page 8-3

■ “System conﬁguration screens” on page 8-5

■ “Navigating through the system conﬁguration screens” on page 8-6

■ “System conﬁguration features” on page 8-7

WAN conﬁguration

T o conﬁgure your Wide Area Network (WAN) connection, navigate to the W AN Conﬁguration screen from the Main Menu and select WAN Conﬁguration, then SDSL Line Conﬁguration.

Main

The SDSL WAN Conﬁguration screen appears.

WAN

Configuration

WAN

Setup

SDSL Line

Configuration

8-2 User’s Reference Guide

SDSL Line Configuration

Clock Source... Network

Data Link Encapsulation... ATM FUNI

Aux Serial Port... Unused

Return/Enter goes to new screen. Enter Information supplied to you by your telephone company.

■ The Clock Source may be either Network or Internal. If you select Network (the default), the Netopia R7100

functions in customer premise equipment (CPE) mode. This mode is the normal mode for communicating with an ISP. If you select Internal, the Netopia R7100 functions in central ofﬁce equipment (COE) mode, simulating a DSLAM. This allows for back-to-back short haul applications with another Netopia Router operating in CPE mode.

■ A Data Rate pop-up item is available only if the clock source is Internal. This item allows you to set the

data rate for the DSL link (and the attached CPE device).

■ A Data Link Encapsulation pop-up item allows you to choose either ATM FUNI (the default, which is a

variant of MultiProtocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) [RFC1483] or Frame Relay [RFC1490].

■ You may specify how to use the Auxiliary Serial Port. By default, the port is Unused. You can enable it for

an asynchronous modem. If the AppleTalk feature set is installed, then LocalTalk becomes the default option.

■ For modem applications, a Data Rate pop-up offers a limited set of serial data rates. 57.6 is the default

setting.

■ If you have attached an external modem, you can specify a Modem Init String. Consult your modem’s

documentation for the correct init string for your modem. If you have enabled the AppleTalk feature (optional), modem options are hidden.

WAN and System Conﬁguration 8-3

The default proﬁle

The Default Proﬁle screen controls whether or not the DSL link will come up without an explicitly conﬁgured connection proﬁle. See “Connection Proﬁles” on page 9-8 for more information. You access the Default Proﬁle screen from the Main Menu by selecting WAN Conﬁguration and then selecting Default Proﬁle.

Main

The Default Proﬁle screen appears.

Default Profile

Must Match a Defined Profile: No IP Enabled: Yes

IP Parameters... IPX Enabled: Yes

IPX Parameters...

WAN

Configuration

Default

Profile

Return/Enter accepts * Tab toggles * ESC cancels. Configure Default WAN Connection Parameters here.

■ You can set Must Match a Deﬁned Proﬁle item to Yes or No (the default). This item controls whether or

not the DSL link will come up without an explicitly conﬁgured connection proﬁle. If your ISP is serving you a dynamic IP Address, you need not explicitly conﬁgure a connection proﬁle, and the default behavior of the router will be to connect automatically once it is powered on.

■ If Must Match a Deﬁned Proﬁle is set to No, then an IP Enabled item is visible. Toggling this item to Yes

(the default) or No controls whether or not IP will be supported on the DSL link. If IP Enabled is set to Yes, an IP Parameters item becomes visible. If you select IP Parameters the IP Parameters screen appears (see “IP parameters (default proﬁle) screen” on page 8-4). This screen allows you to conﬁgure various IP parameters for DSL connections established without an explicitly conﬁgured connection proﬁle.

■ If Must Match a Deﬁned Proﬁle is set to No, then an IPX Enabled item is visible. T oggling this item to Yes

or No (the default) controls whether or not IPX will be supported on the DSL link. If IPX Enabled is set to Yes, an IPX Parameters item becomes visible. If you select IPX Parameters, the IPX Parameters screen appears (see “IPX parameters (default proﬁle) screen” on page 8-5). This screen allows you to conﬁgure various IPX parameters for DSL connections established without an explicitly conﬁgured connection proﬁle.

8-4 User’s Reference Guide

IP parameters (default proﬁle) screen

The IP Parameters (Default Proﬁle) screen allows you to conﬁgure various IP parameters for DSL connections established without an explicitly conﬁgured connection proﬁle:

IP Parameters (Default Profile)

Address Translation Enabled: No

Filter Set (Firewall)... Remove Filter Set

Receive RIP: Both Transmit RIP: Off

Return/Enter accepts * Tab toggles * ESC cancels.

The Netopia R7100 SDSL Router always acts as a DHCP client on the DSL link when using a Default Proﬁle. The DHCP server will supply a local IP address and subnet mask. For a DSL link, Network Address Translation (NA T) is enabled by default in the Default Proﬁle. For details on setting up IP Parameters see “IP Setup and Network

Address Translation” on page 9-1.

WAN and System Conﬁguration 8-5

IPX parameters (default proﬁle) screen

The IPX Parameters (Default Proﬁle) screen allows you to conﬁgure various IPX parameters for DSL connections established without an explicitly conﬁgured connection proﬁle:

IPX Parameters (Default Profile)

NetBios Packet Forwarding: Off Path Delay: 10

Incoming Packet Filter Set... <<NONE>> Outgoing Packet Filter Set... <<NONE>> Incoming SAP Filter Set... <<NONE>> Outgoing SAP Filter Set... <<NONE>>

Periodic RIP Timer: 60 Periodic SAP Timer: 60

For details on setting up IPX Parameters see “IPX Setup” on page 10-1. For details on setting up Filter Sets see

“Security” on page 13-1.

System conﬁguration screens

You can connect to the Netopia R7100’s system conﬁguration screens in either of two ways:

■ By using Telnet with the Router’s Ethernet port IP address

■ Through the console port, using a local terminal (see “Connecting a console cable to your router” on

page 6-3)

You can also retrieve the Netopia R7100’s conﬁguration information and remotely set its parameters using the Simple Network Management Protocol (see “SNMP” on page 12-12).

Open a Telnet connection to the router’s IP address; for example, “192.168.1.1.”

8-6 User’s Reference Guide

The console screen will open to the Main Menu, similar to the screen shown below:

Netopia R7100 v4.3

Easy Setup... WAN Configuration... System Configuration... Utilities & Diagnostics... Statistics & Logs... Quick Menus... Quick View...

Return/Enter goes to Easy Setup -- minimal configuration. You always start from this main screen.

Navigating through the system conﬁguration screens

To help you ﬁnd your way to particular screens, some sections in this guide begin with a graphical path guide similar to the following example:

Main

This particular path guide shows how to get to the Network Protocols Setup screens. The path guide represents these steps:

1. Beginning in the Main Menu, select System Conﬁguration and press Return. The System Conﬁguration screen appears.

2. Select Network Protocols and press Return. The Network Protocols screen appears.

3. Select IP Setup and press Return. The IP Setup screen appears.

To go back in this sequence of screens, use the Escape key.

System

Configuration

Network Protocols

Setup

IP Setup

WAN and System Conﬁguration 8-7

System conﬁguration features

The Netopia R7100 SDSL Router’s default settings may be all you need to conﬁgure your Netopia R7100. Some users, however, require advanced settings or prefer manual control over the default selections. For these users, the Netopia R7100 provides system conﬁguration options.

To help you determine whether you need to use the system conﬁguration options, review the following requirements. If you have one or more of these needs, use the system conﬁguration options described in later chapters.

■ System conﬁguration of dynamic IP address distribution through DHCP, MacIP, or BootP

■ Greater network security through the use of ﬁlters

■ System conﬁguration of AppleTalk LAN settings

■ System conﬁguration of connections to AppleTalk networks through the Internet or any IP network, using

AURP (AppleTalk “tunneling”)

■ System conﬁguration of connection proﬁles

To access the system conﬁguration screens, select System Conﬁguration in the Main Menu, then press Return.

The System Conﬁguration menu screen appears:

System Configuration

Network Protocols Setup... Filter Sets (Firewalls)... IP Address Serving...

Date and Time... Console Configuration... SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)... Security... Upgrade Feature Set...

Logging... Return/Enter to configure Networking Protocols (such as TCP/IP).

Use this screen if you want options beyond Easy Setup.

8-8 User’s Reference Guide

Network protocols setup

These screens allow you to conﬁgure your network’s use of the standard networking protocols:

■ IP: Details are given in “IP Setup and Network Address Translation” on page 9-1.

■ IPX: Details are given in “IPX Setup” on page 10-1.

■ AppleTalk: Details are given in “AppleTalk Setup” on page 11-1.

Note: AppleTalk requires the optional AppleTalk feature expansion kit.

Filter sets (ﬁrewalls)

These screens allow you to conﬁgure security on your network by means of ﬁlter sets and a basic ﬁrewall.

■ Details are given in “Security” on page 13-1.

IP address serving

These screens allow you to conﬁgure IP address serving on your network by means of DHCP, WANIP , BootP, and with the optional AppleTalk kit, MacIP.

■ Details are given in “IP address serving” on page 9-21.

Date and time

You can set the system’s date and time in the Set Date and Time screen. Select Date and Time in the System Conﬁguration screen and press Return. The Set Date and Time screen

appears.

Set Date and Time

System Date Format: MM/DD/YY Current Date (MM/DD/YY): 3/16/1998

System Time Format: AM/PM Current Time: 10:29 AM or PM: AM

Follow these steps to set the system’s date and time:

WAN and System Conﬁguration 8-9

1. Select Current Date and enter the date in the appropriate format. Use one- or two-digit numbers for the month and day, and the last two digits of the current year. The date’s numbers must be separated by forward slashes (/).

2. Select Current Time and enter the time in the format HH:MM, where HH is the hour (using either the 12-hour or 24-hour clock) and MM is the minutes.

3. Select AM or PM and choose AM or PM.

Console conﬁguration

You can change the default terminal communications parameters to suit your requirements. To go to the Console Conﬁguration screen, select Console Conﬁguration in the System Conﬁguration screen.

Console Configuration

Baud Rate... 57600 Hardware Flow Control: No

SET CONFIG NOW CANCEL

Follow these steps to change a parameter’s value:

1. Select the parameter you want to change.

2. Select a new value for the parameter. Return to step 1 if you want to conﬁgure another parameter.

3. Select SET CONFIG NOW to save the new parameter settings. Select CANCEL to leave the parameters unchanged and exit the Console Conﬁguration screen.

8-10 User’s Reference Guide

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

These screens allow you to monitor and conﬁgure your network by means of a standard Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent.

■ Details are given in “SNMP” on page 12-12.

Security

These screens allow you to add users and deﬁne passwords on your network.

■ Details are given in “Security” on page 13-1.

Upgrade feature set

You can upgrade your Netopia R7100 by adding new feature sets through the Upgrade Feature Set utility. See the release notes that came with your router or feature set upgrade, or visit the Netopia Web site at

www.netopia.com for information on new feature sets, how to obtain them, and how to install them on your Netopia R7100.

Logging

You can conﬁgure a UNIX-compatible syslog client to report a number of subsets of the events entered in the router’s WAN Event History. See “WAN Event History” on page 12-6.The Syslog client (for the PC only) is supplied as a .ZIP ﬁle on the Netopia CD.

Select Logging from the System Conﬁguration menu. The Logging Conﬁguration screen appears.

Logging Configuration

WAN Event Log Options Log Boot and Errors: Yes Log Line Specific: Yes Log Connections: Yes Log PPP, DHCP, CNA: Yes Log IP and IPX: Yes

Syslog Parameters Syslog Enabled: No Hostname or IP Address: Facility... Local 0

Return/Enter accepts * Tab toggles * ESC cancels.

WAN and System Conﬁguration 8-11

By default, all events are logged in the event history.

■ By toggling each event descriptor either Yes or No, you can determine which ones are logged and which are

ignored.

■ You can enable or disable the syslog client dynamically. When enabled, it will report any appropriate and

previously unreported events.

■ You can specify the syslog server’s address either in dotted decimal format or as a DNS name up to 63

characters.

■ You can specify the UNIX syslog Facility to use by selecting the Facility pop-up.

Installing the Syslog client

The Goodies folder on the Netopia CD contains a Syslog client daemon program that can be conﬁgured to report the WAN events you speciﬁed in the Logging Conﬁguration screen.

To install the Syslog client daemon, exit from the graphical Netopia CD program and locate the CD directory structure through your Windows desktop, or through Windows Explorer. Go to the Goodies directory on the CD and locate the Sds15000.exe program. This is the Syslog daemon installer. Run the Sds15000.exe program and follow the on screen instructions for enabling the Windows Syslog daemon.

The following screen shows a sample syslog dump of WAN events:

Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com Link 1 down: PPP PAP failure Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com >>Issued Speech Setup Request from our DN: 5108645534 Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com Requested Disc. from DN: 917143652500 Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com Received Clear Confirm for our DN: 5108645534 Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com Link 1 down: Manual disconnect Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com >>Issued Speech Setup Request from our DN: 5108645534 Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com Requested Disc. from DN: 917143652500 Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com Received Clear Confirm for our DN: 5108645534 Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com Link 1 down: No answer Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com --Device restarted----------------------------------------Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com >>Received Speech Setup Ind. from DN: (not supplied) Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com Requested Connect to our DN: 5108645534 Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com ASYNC: Modem carrier detected (more) Modem reports: 26400 V34 Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com >>WAN: 56K Modem 1 activated at 115 Kbps Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com Connect Confirmed to our DN: 5108645534 Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com PPP: Channel 1 up, Answer Profile name: Default Profile Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com PPP: NCP up, session 1, Channel 1 Final (fallback) negotiated auth: Local PAP , Remote NONE Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com PPP: PAP we accepted remote, Channel 1 Remote name: guest Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com PPP: MP negotiated, session 1 Remote EDO: 06 03 0000C5700624 0 Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com PPP: CCP negotiated, session 1, type: Ascend LZS Local mode: 1, Remote mode: 1 Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com PPP: BACP negotiated, session 1 Local MN: FFFFFFFF, Remote MN: 00000001 Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com PPP: IPCP negotiated, session 1, rem: 192.168.10.100 local: 192.168.1.1 Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com >>WAN: 56K Modem 1 deactivated Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com Received Clear Ind. from DN: 5108645534, Cause: 0 Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com Issued Clear Response to DN: 5108645534 Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com Link 1 down: Remote clearing Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com PPP: IPCP down, session 1 Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com >>Received Speech Setup Ind. from DN: (not supplied)

8-12 User’s Reference Guide

IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9-1

CCCChhhhaaaapppptttteeeerrrr 99

IIIIPPPP SSSSeeeettttuuuupppp aaaannnndddd NNNNeeeettttwwwwoooorrrrkkkk AAAAddddddddrrrreeeessssssss TTTTrrrraaaannnnssssllllaaaattttiiiioooonn

The Netopia R7100 uses Internet Protocol (IP) to communicate both locally and with remote networks. This chapter shows you how to conﬁgure the Router to route IP trafﬁc. You also learn how to conﬁgure the router to serve IP addresses to hosts on your local network.

Netopia’s SmartIP features IP address serving and Network Address Translation. For a detailed discussion of Network Address Translation, see Appendix C, “Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior.” This chapter describes how to use the Network Address Translation feature of SmartIP.

This section covers the following topics:

■ “Network Address Translation features” on page 9-1

■ “Using Network Address Translation” on page 9-3

■ “Connection Proﬁles” on page 9-8

■ “IP setup” on page 9-11

■ “IP address serving” on page 9-21

Network Address Translation allows communication between the LAN connected to the Netopia R7100 and the Internet using a single IP address instead of a routed account with separate IP addresses for each computer on the network.

Network Address Translation also provides increased security by hiding the local IP addresses of the LAN connected to the Netopia R7100 from the outside world.

With SmartIP, the setup is simpler, so Internet service providers typically offer internet accounts supporting Network Address Translation at a signiﬁcant cost savings.

Network Address Translation features

Network Address Translation (NAT) offers users the following features:

■ NAT is selectable on a per connection basis, optionally allowing real addresses to be used for intranet

connections and proxied addresses to be used for Internet connections.

■ The NAT user can use any combination of proxied and unproxied addresses simultaneously on the available

telco channels. For instance, one unproxied address connection proﬁle can be used to connect to a central ofﬁce, while another proxied address connection proﬁle can simultaneously connect the user’s Netopia R7100 and LAN to the Internet.

■ The single proxy address is acquired at connection time from the answering side. The address can be

assigned by the remote router from either a dynamic pool of addresses or a ﬁxed, static address.

■ Static NAT Security is simpler and more reliable because only one IP address needs a ﬁrewall, and because

the internal network structure is not visible from the Internet.

9-2 User’s Reference Guide

Network Address Translation works by remapping the source IP address of trafﬁc from the LAN to a single static or dynamically assigned IP address shown to the remote side of the router.

HOW NAT WORKS

With NAT

163.167.132.1

Without NAT

163.167.132.1

163.167.132.2

163.167.132.3

163.167.132.4

163.167.132.5

163.167.132.6

ISP*

192.168.1.100

192.168.1.102

192.168.1.103

192.168.1.104

192.168.1.105

192.168.1.106

163.167.132.1

163.167.132.2

163.167.132.3

163.167.132.4

163.167.132.5

163.167.132.6

*or corporate intranet router

The feature can be implemented on a per–connection proﬁle basis. The network router can use two or more connection proﬁles simultaneously to connect to two or more networks. Each proﬁle can have NAT enabled.

When NAT is enabled, the Netopia R7100 can use either a statically assigned IP address or one dynamically assigned each time the router connects to the ISP . While a dynamically assigned IP address offers the ISP more ﬂexibility, it does have an important limitation: the router requires a static IP address to support Web, FTP, or other services available to the WAN. To support these services with NAT enabled, a service can be associated with only one machine on the LAN.

When connected to the Internet or some other large network using Network Address Translation, the individual machines on your LAN are not directly accessible from the WAN. NAT provides an inherently secure method of connection to the outside world.

IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9-3

Using Network Address Translation

The following procedure describes how to use Network Address Translation.

1. Pick a network number for your local network (referred to as the internal network). This can be any IP address range you want. The Netopia R7100 SDSL Router has a default IP address of 192.168.1.1. You may choose to change this address to match a pre-existing addressing scheme. For this example, we will use 10.0.0.0.

Note: The outside world (the external network) will not see this network number.

2. Using the internal network number, assign addresses to the local nodes on your LAN. For example, you could assign

■ 10.0.0.1 to your Netopia R7100

■ 10.0.0.2 to a node running as a World Wide Web server

■ 10.0.0.3 to an FTP server

■ 10.0.0.4 to a Windows NT PC

■ 10.0.0.5 to a Windows 95 PC

Note: See “Associating port numbers with nodes” on page 9-6.

3. In the connection proﬁle, toggle Address Translation Enabled to Yes or No (Yes to enable NAT) and press Return.

The Easy Setup connection proﬁle is accessible by using either of the following two approaches:

■ From the Easy Setup menu in the Main Menu screen, select the next screen, Connection Proﬁle 1: Easy

Setup Proﬁle, the screen shown below appears.

Connection Profile 1: Easy Setup Profile

Address Translation Enabled: Yes IP Addressing... Numbered

Local WAN IP Address: 163.176.107.2 Local WAN IP Mask: 255.255.255.0

PREVIOUS SCREEN NEXT SCREEN Toggle to Yes if this is a single IP address ISP account.

Enter basic information about your WAN connection with this screen.

■ Alternatively, from the WAN Conﬁguration menu in the Main Menu screen, select Display/Change

Connection Proﬁle. When that screen appears, select IP Proﬁle Parameters. You can now access the

9-4 User’s Reference Guide

Address Translation option from the IP Proﬁle Parameters menu.

IP Profile Parameters

Address Translation Enabled: Yes IP Addressing... Unnumbered

Local WAN IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Remote IP Address: 0.0.0.0

Remote IP Mask: 0.0.0.0 Filter Set...

Remove Filter Set Receive RIP: Both Transmit RIP: v2 (multicast)

Configure IP requirements for a remote network connection here.

4. Select IP Addressing and, from the pop-up menu, choose the IP routing method that your ISP or network administrator speciﬁes (either Numbered or Unnumbered). For more information see Appendix B,

“Understanding IP Addressing.” and Appendix C, “Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior.”

IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9-5

5. If your ISP uses numbered (interface-based) routing, select Local WAN IP Address and enter the local W AN address your ISP gave you. Then select Local WAN IP Mask and enter the WAN subnet mask of the remote site you will connect to.

The default address is 0.0.0.0, which allows for dynamic addressing, meaning that your ISP assigns an address via DHCP each time you connect. However, if you want to use static addressing, enter a speciﬁc address.

IP Profile Parameters

Address Translation Enabled: Yes IP Addressing... Numbered

Local WAN IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Local WAN IP Mask: 0.0.0.0

Filter Set... Remove Filter Set

Receive RIP: Off

Enter an IP address in decimal and dot form (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx). Configure IP requirements for a remote network connection here.

Note: The Local WAN IP Address is displayed for numbered and/or NA T proﬁles. The Local W AN IP Mask is displayed for numbered proﬁles. The Remote IP Address and Remote IP Mask are displayed for unnumbered proﬁles.

IP Profile Parameters

Address Translation Enabled: Yes IP Addressing... Unnumbered

Remote IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Remote IP Mask: 0.0.0.0

Filter Set... Remove Filter Set

Receive RIP: Off Transmit RIP: Off

Return/Enter to select <among/between> ... Configure IP requirements for a remote network connection here.

9-6 User’s Reference Guide

6. If your ISP uses unnumbered (system-based) routing, select Remote IP Address and enter the IP address your ISP gave you. Then select Remote IP Mask and enter the IP subnet mask of the remote site you will connect to.

Note: When using unnumbered interfaces, the Netopia Router will use either its local Ethernet IP address or its NAT (Network Address T ranslation) address (if so conﬁgured) and subnet mask to send packets to the remote router. Neither router has a WAN IP address or subnet mask associated with this connection. These default addresses will request that the remote router dynamically assign an address at the time the connection is made.

7. When your Netopia R7100 connects to the ISP, the remote router assigns your Netopia R7100 an IP address that external users use to communicate with your network.

The following Quick View screen shows an example in which 192.168.100.6 is assigned to the Netopia R7100. “NAT” indicates that the address was assigned dynamically by Network Address Translation.

Quick View 12/11/1998 12:45:44 PM Default IP Gateway: 0.0.0.0 CPU Load: 2% Unused Memory: 952 KB

Domain Name Server: 0.0.0.0 Domain Name: None Provided LocalTalk Address: 34448:149

----------------MAC Address--------IP Address-------IPX Address---EtherTalk-- Ethernet Hub: 00-00-c5-70-03-48 192.168.1.1 34449:150 SDSL WAN1: 00-00-c5-70-03-4a 0.0.0.0

Current DSL Status Profile Name----------Rate--%Use-Remote Address-----Est.-More Info----------- ISP P1 10% IP 92.163.4.1 Lcl NAT 192.168.100.6

LED Status PWR-+-----WAN1------+--CON--AUX--+-----WAN2------+--EN--+--------LEDS-------- LNK RDY CH1 CH2 LNK LNK LNK RDY CH1 CH2 DATA | '-'= Off 'G'= Green

Internal users can access the Internet as they always do; the external Internet, however, views all trafﬁc from the internal network as originating from 192.168.100.6 and all trafﬁc your network receives is addressed to

192.168.100.6.

Associating port numbers with nodes

When an IP client such as a Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer, wants to establish a session with an IP server such as a Web server, the client machine must know the IP address to use and the TCP service port where the trafﬁc is to be directed.

For example, a Web browser locates a Web server by using a combination of the IP address and TCP port that the client machine has set up.

IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9-7

Just as an IP address speciﬁes a particular computer on a network, ports are addresses that specify a particular service in a computer. There are many universally agreed-upon ports assigned to various services. For example:

■ Web servers typically use port number 80

■ All FTP servers use port number 21

■ Telnet uses port number 23

■ SNMP uses port number 161

To help direct incoming IP trafﬁc to the appropriate server, the Netopia R7100 lets you associate these and other port numbers with distinct IP addresses on your internal LAN using exported services. See “IP setup” on

page 9-11 for details.

Advanced IP/IPX router conﬁguration options

Advanced users can optionally use connection proﬁles to conﬁgure the IP and IPX protocol stack interfaces on the SDSL link. You need not explicitly deﬁne these parameters, however. The following information is provided as reference to the possible router conﬁgurations advanced users may desire.

The IP router interface on the SDSL link:

■ may be numbered or unnumbered.

■ may or may not use Network Address Translation (NAT).

■ will attempt to autoconﬁgure itself without an explicitly conﬁgured connection proﬁle, if permitted to do so

by the setting of the Must Match a Deﬁned Proﬁle item in the Default Proﬁle screen. See “The default

proﬁle” on page 8-3.

The link up procedure at the interface between the SDSL data link encapsulation module and the IP router functions as follows:

■ When the SDSL data link comes up, the router will search for a conﬁgured connection proﬁle that speciﬁes

SDSL encapsulation.

■ If more than one SDSL proﬁle exists, the router will use the ﬁrst such proﬁle.

■ If no SDSL proﬁle exists, and the Must Match a Deﬁned Proﬁle ﬁeld in the Default SDSL Proﬁle is set to No,

the router will construct a Default Proﬁle, and the link up process will continue using this constructed proﬁle as if it were an explicitly conﬁgured one.

■ If no SDSL proﬁle exists, and the Must Match a Deﬁned Proﬁle ﬁeld in the Default SDSL Proﬁle is set to

Yes, IP will not come up on the SDSL link. The router will log an “IP connection refused” event in the WAN Event History.

■ If an SDSL proﬁle exists (or a default one has been constructed), the router will attempt to conﬁgure its

interface on the SDSL link using the information stored in the proﬁle.

9-8 User’s Reference Guide

Connection Proﬁles

Since you will probably only have a single connection to your ISP over the DSL link, you may not need to create multiple connection proﬁles. Multiple connection proﬁles are useful on leased (unswitched) interfaces such as DSL only to support meshed WAN connections. If you do not intend to set up meshed W AN connections, you do not need to create multiple connection proﬁles.

Connection proﬁles may be used to deﬁne the connection information for your WAN Auxiliary Port access. Connection Proﬁles deﬁne the line and networking protocols necessary for the router to make a remote

connection. A connection proﬁle is like an address book entry describing how the router is to get to a remote site, or how to recognize and authenticate a remote user dialing in to the router. For example, to create a new Connection Proﬁle, you navigate to the WAN Conﬁguration screen from the Main Menu, and select Add Connection Proﬁle.

Main

The Add Connection Proﬁle screen appears.

Add Connection Profile Profile Name: Profile 02

Profile Enabled: Yes IP Enabled: Yes

IP Profile Parameters... IPX Enabled: No

Data Link Encapsulation... ATM FUNI

ADD PROFILE NOW CANCEL

WAN

Configuration

Add Connection

Profile

Return accepts * ESC cancels * Left/Right moves insertion point * Del deletes. Configure a new Conn. Profile. Finished? ADD or CANCEL to exit.

On a Netopia R7100 SDSL Router you can add up to 15 more connection proﬁles, for a total of 16, although only one can be used at a time.

1. Select Proﬁle Name and enter a name for this connection proﬁle. It can be any name you wish. For example: the name of your ISP.

2. Toggle the Proﬁle Enabled value to Yes or No. The default is Yes.

3. Select IP Proﬁle Parameters and press Return. The IP Proﬁle Parameters screen appears.

IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9-9

IP Profile Parameters

Address Translation Enabled: Yes IP Addressing... Unnumbered

Local WAN IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Local WAN IP Mask: 0.0.0.0 Remote IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Remote IP Mask: 0.0.0.0

Filter Set... Remove Filter Set

Receive RIP: Both Transmit RIP: v2 (multicast)

Configure IP requirements for a remote network connection here.

4. Toggle or enter any IP Parameters you require and return to the Add Connection Proﬁle screen by pressing Escape. For more information on NAT, see “Using Network Address Translation,” beginning on page 9-3. For more information on IP addressing, see Appendix B, “Understanding IP Addressing.”

The Local WAN IP Address is displayed for numbered or NAT proﬁles. The Local WAN IP Mask is displayed for numbered proﬁles. The Remote IP Address and Remote IP Mask are displayed for unnumbered proﬁles.

5. If you will be connecting with an IPX remote network, toggle IPX Enabled to Yes, and press Return. Otherwise, accept the default No.

If you enable IPX routing, an IPX Proﬁle Parameters menu item becomes available. Select IPX Proﬁle Parameters and press Return. The IPX Proﬁle Parameters screen appears.

IPX Profile Parameters Remote IPX Network: 00000000

Path Delay: 10 NetBios Packet Forwarding: Off

Incoming Packet Filter Set... <<NONE>> Outgoing Packet Filter Set... <<NONE>>

Incoming SAP Filter Set... <<NONE>> Outgoing SAP Filter Set... <<NONE>>

Periodic RIP Timer: 60 Periodic SAP Timer: 60

Configure IPX requirements for a remote network connection here.

6. T oggle or enter any IPX Parameters you require and return to the Add Connection Proﬁle screen by pressing Escape. For more information, see “IPX Setup” on page 10-1.

9-10 User’s Reference Guide

7. Select ADD PROFILE NOW and press Return. Your new connection proﬁle will be added. If you want to view the connection proﬁles in your router, return to the WAN Conﬁguration screen, and

select Display/Change Connection Proﬁle. The list of connection proﬁles is displayed in a scrolling pop-up screen.

WAN Configuration +-Profile Name---------------------IP Address----IPX Network-+ +------------------------------------------------------------+ | Easy Setup Profile 127.0.0.2 | | Profile 02 0.0.0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +------------------------------------------------------------+

Up/Down Arrow Keys to select, ESC to dismiss, Return/Enter to Edit.

Network Address Translation guidelines

Observe the following guidelines when using Network Address Translation.

■ The router can export only one local IP address per UDP/TCP port, so you can have just one machine

available for a given service, such as one FTP server. However, some services, such as Web servers (www-http servers), allow you to change the UDPTCP port on both the server and client. With two different UDP/TCP ports exported, you can have Web servers on two different IP hosts.

■ If you will be using multiple connection proﬁles, deﬁne the remote IP address of the most accessible

proﬁle, such as that for your ISP, to the default IP gateway in the TCP/IP settings on users’ workstations. That way, IP trafﬁc not intended speciﬁcally for any of the remote networks will be routed through this “preferred” proﬁle.

■ Associate your primary Domain Name Server (DNS) with whichever proﬁle is more accessible. If you

choose for neither proﬁle to be “dial-on-demand,” you can associate a secondary DNS with the other proﬁle. See “IP setup,” below, for more information on these settings.

IP setup

IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9-11

Main

System

Configuration

Network

Protocols

Setup

IP Setup

The IP Setup options screen is where you conﬁgure the Ethernet side of the Netopia R7100. The information you enter here controls how the router routes IP trafﬁc.

Consult your network administrator or Internet service provider to obtain the IP setup information (such as the Ethernet IP address, Ethernet subnet mask, default IP gateway and Primary Domain Name Server IP address) you will need before changing any of the settings in this screen. Changes made in this screen will take effect only after the Netopia R7100 is reset.

To go to the IP Setup options screen, from the Main Menu, select System Conﬁguration then Network Protocols Setup, and then IP Setup.

The IP Setup screen appears.

IP Setup

Ethernet IP Address: 192.128.117.162 Ethernet Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Define Additional Subnets...

Default IP Gateway: 192.128.117.163 Primary Domain Name Server: 0.0.0.0

Secondary Domain Name Server: 0.0.0.0 Domain Name:

Receive RIP: Both Transmit RIP: v2 (multicast) Static Routes...

Address Serving Setup... Exported Services... Filter Sets...

Follow these steps to conﬁgure IP Setup for your Netopia R7100:

■ Select Ethernet IP Address and enter the IP address for the Netopia R7100’s Ethernet port.

■ Select Ethernet Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask for the Ethernet IP address that you entered in

the last step.

■ For unlimited-user models, if you desire multiple subnets select Deﬁne Additional Subnets. 12-user

models do not offer this option. If you select this item you will be taken to the IP Subnets screen. This screen allows you to deﬁne IP addresses and masks for additional subnets. See “IP subnets” on

page 9-15 for details.

9-12 User’s Reference Guide

The Netopia R7100 SDSL Router supports multiple IP subnets on the Ethernet interface. You may want to conﬁgure multiple IP subnets to service more hosts that are possible with your primary subnet. It is not always possible to obtain a larger subnet from your ISP. For example, if you already have a full Class C subnet, your only option is multiple Class C subnets, since it is virtually impossible to justify a Class A or Class B assignment. This assumes that you are not using NAT.

If you are using NAT, you can use the reserved Class A or Class B subnet.

■ Select Default IP Gateway and enter the IP address for a default gateway. This can be the address of any

major router accessible to the Netopia R7100. A default gateway should be able to successfully route packets when the Netopia R7100 cannot recognize

the intended recipient’s IP address. A typical example of a default gateway is the ISP’s router.

■ Select Primary Domain Name Server and enter the IP address for a domain name server. The domain

name server matches the alphabetic addresses favored by people (for example, robin.hood.com) to the IP addresses actually used by IP routers (for example, 163.7.8.202).

■ If a secondary DNS server is available, select Secondary Domain Name Server and enter its IP address.

The secondary DNS server is used by the Netopia R7100 when the primary DNS server is inaccessible. Entering a secondary DNS is useful but not necessary.

■ Select Domain Name and enter your network’s domain name (for example, netopia.com). Netopia strongly

recommends that you enter a domain name.

■ Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is needed if there are IP routers on other segments of your Ethernet

network that the Netopia R7100 needs to recognize. If this is the case select Receive RIP and select v1, v2, or Both from the popup menu. With Receive RIP set to “v1,” the Netopia R7100’s Ethernet port will

accept routing information provided by RIP packets from other routers that use the same subnet mask. Set to “v2,” the Netopia R7100 will accept routing information provided by RIP packets from other routers that use different subnet masks. Set to “Both,” the Netopia R7100 will accept information from either RIP v1 or v2 routers.

■ If you want the Netopia R7100 to advertise its routing table to other routers via RIP, select Transmit RIP

and select v1, v2 (broadcast), or v2 (multicast) from the popup menu. With Transmit RIP v1 selected, the Netopia R7100 will generate RIP packets only to other RIP v1 routers. With Transmit RIP v2 (broadcast) selected, the Netopia R7100 will generate RIP packets to all other hosts on the network. With Transmit RIP v2 (multicast) selected, the Netopia R7100 will generate RIP packets only to other routers capable of recognizing RIP v2 packets.

■ Select Static Routes to manually conﬁgure IP routes. See the section “Static routes,” below.

■ If you select Address Serving Setup you will be taken to the IP Address Serving screen (see “IP address

serving” on page 9-21. Since no two hosts can use the same IP address at the same time, make sure that

the addresses distributed by the Netopia R7100, and those that are manually conﬁgured are not the same. Each method of distribution must have its own exclusive range of addresses to draw from.

■ Select Exported Services. The Exported Services screen appears with three options: Show/Change

Exports, Add Export, and Delete Export.

Exported Services (Local Port to IP Address Remapping)

Show/Change Exports... Add Export... Delete Export...

Return/Enter to configure UDP/TCP Port-to-IP Address redirection.

IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9-13

■ Select Add Export. The Add Exported Service screen appears.

Add Exported Service

Service...

Local Server's IP Address: 0.0.0.0

ADD EXPORT NOW CANCEL

9-14 User’s Reference Guide

■ Select Service. A pop-up menu of services and ports appears.

ADD EXPORT NOW CANCEL

8. Select any of the services/ports and press Return to associate it with the address of a server on your local area network. For example, if we select www-http 80, press Return, and type 10.0.0.2, the Netopia R7100 redirects any incoming trafﬁc destined for a Web server to address 10.0.0.2.

Some services such as Timbuktu require the export of multiple TCP ports. When you associate Timbuktu with a local server (or Timbuktu host) all of the major Timbuktu services are exported, i.e., Observe, Control, Send, and Exchange.

Note: If the TCP port of a service you want to use is not listed, you can add it by selecting Other... on the pop-up menu.

IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9-15

Press Escape when you are ﬁnished conﬁguring exported services. You are returned to the IP Setup screen.

IP Setup

Ethernet IP Address: 192.128.117.162 Ethernet Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Define Additional Subnets...

Default IP Gateway: 192.128.117.163 Primary Domain Name Server: 0.0.0.0

Secondary Domain Name Server: 0.0.0.0 Domain Name:

Receive RIP: Both Transmit RIP: v2 (multicast) Static Routes...

Address Serving Setup... Exported Services... Filter Sets...

■ If you select Filter Sets you will be taken directly to the screen for conﬁguring IP packet ﬁlters. For

information see “About ﬁlters and ﬁlter sets,” beginning on page 13-4.

IP subnets

The IP Subnets screen allows you to conﬁgure up to eight Ethernet IP subnets on unlimited-user models, one “primary” subnet and up to seven secondary subnets, by entering IP address/subnet mask pairs:

IP Subnets

IP Address Subnet Mask

---------------- -------------- #1: 192.128.117.162 255.255.255.0

#2: 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 #3: #4: #5: #6: #7: #8:

9-16 User’s Reference Guide

Note: You need not use this screen if you have only a single Ethernet IP subnet. In that case, you can continue to enter or edit the IP address and subnet mask for the single subnet on the IP Setup screen.

This screen displays up to eight rows of two editable columns, preceded by a row number between one and eight. If you have eight subnets conﬁgured, there will be eight rows on this screen. Otherwise, there will be one more row than the number of conﬁgured subnets. The last row will have the value 0.0.0.0 in both the IP address and subnet mask ﬁelds to indicate that you can edit the values in this row to conﬁgure an additional subnet. All eight row labels are always visible, regardless of the number of subnets conﬁgured.

■ To add an IP subnet, enter the Netopia R7100’s IP address on the subnet in the IP Address ﬁeld in a

particular row and the subnet mask for the subnet in the Subnet Mask ﬁeld in that row. For example:

IP Subnets

IP Address Subnet Mask

---------------- -------------- #1: 192.128.117.162 255.255.255.0

#2: 192.128.152.162 255.255.0.0 #3: 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 #4: #5: #6: #7: #8:

■ T o delete a conﬁgured subnet, set both the IP address and subnet mask values to 0.0.0.0, either explicitly

or by clearing each ﬁeld and pressing Return or Enter to commit the change. When a conﬁgured subnet is deleted, the values in subsequent rows adjust up to ﬁll the vacant ﬁelds.

Note that the subnets conﬁgured on this screen are tied to the address serving pools conﬁgured on the IP Address Pools screen, and that changes on this screen may affect the IP Address Pools screen. In particular, deleting a subnet conﬁgured on this screen will delete the corresponding address serving pool, if any , on the IP Address Pools screen.

IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9-17

If you have conﬁgured multiple Ethernet IP subnets, the IP Setup screen changes slightly:

IP Setup

Subnet Configuration... Default IP Gateway: 192.128.117.163 Primary Domain Name Server: 0.0.0.0

Secondary Domain Name Server: 0.0.0.0 Domain Name:

Receive RIP: Both Transmit RIP: v2 (multicast) Static Routes...

Address Serving Setup... Exported Services... Filter Sets...

The IP address and Subnet mask items are hidden, and the “Deﬁne Additional Subnets...” item becomes “Subnet Conﬁguration...”. If you select Subnet Conﬁguration, you will return to the IP Subnets screen that allows you to deﬁne IP addresses and masks for additional Ethernet IP subnets.

Static routes

Static routes are IP routes that are maintained manually. Each static route acts as a pointer that tells the Netopia R7100 how to reach a particular network. However, static routes are used only if they appear in the IP routing table, which contains all of the routes used by the Netopia R7100 (see “IP routing table” on page 12-8).

Static routes are helpful in situations where a route to a network must be used and other means of ﬁnding the route are unavailable. For example, static routes are useful when you cannot rely on RIP.

To go to the Static Routes screen, select Static Routes in the IP Setup screen.

9-18 User’s Reference Guide

The Static Routes screen will appear.

Static Routes

Display/Change Static Route... Add Static Route... Delete Static Route...

Configure/View/Delete Static Routes from this and the following Screens.

Viewing static routes

To display a view-only table of static routes, select Display/Change Static Route. The table shown below will appear.

+-Dest. Network---Subnet Mask-----Next Gateway----Priority-Enabled-+ +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 163.176.8.1 Low Yes | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+

Select a Static Route to modify.

The table has the following columns: Dest. Network: The network IP address of the destination network.

IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9-19

Subnet Mask: The subnet mask associated with the destination network. Next Gateway: The IP address of the router that will be used to reach the destination network. Priority: An indication of whether the Netopia R7100 will use the static route when it conﬂicts with information

received from RIP packets. Enabled: An indication of whether the static route should be installed in the IP routing table. To return to the Static Routes screen, press Escape.

Adding a static route

To add a new static route, select Add Static Route in the Static Routes screen. The Add Static Route screen will appear.

Add Static Route

Static Route Enabled: Yes Destination Network IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Destination Network Subnet Mask: 0.0.0.0 Next Gateway IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Route Priority... High Advertise Route Via RIP: No

ADD STATIC ROUTE NOW CANCEL Configure a new Static Route in this Screen.

■ To install the static route in the IP routing table, select Static Route Enabled and toggle it to Yes. To

remove the static route from the IP routing table, select Static Route Enabled and toggle it to No.

■ Be sure to read the rules on the installation of static routes in the IP routing table. See “Rules of static

route installation” on page 9-20.

■ Select Destination Network IP Address and enter the network IP address of the destination network.

■ Select Destination Network Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask used by the destination network.

■ Select Next Gateway IP Address and enter the IP address for the router that the Netopia R7100 will use to

reach the destination network. This router does not necessarily have to be part of the destination network, but it must at least know where to forward packets destined for that network.

■ Select Route Priority and choose High or Low. High means that the static route takes precedence over RIP

9-20 User’s Reference Guide

information; Low means that the RIP information takes precedence over the static route.

■ If the static route conﬂicts with a connection proﬁle, the connection proﬁle will always take precedence.

■ To make sure that the static route is known only to the Netopia R7100, select Advertise Route Via RIP

and toggle it to No. To allow other RIP-capable routers to know about the static route, select Advertise Route Via RIP and toggle it to Yes. When Advertise Route Via RIP is toggled to Yes, a new item called RIP

Metric appears below Advertise Route Via RIP. With RIP Metric you set the number of routers, from 1 to 15, between the sending router and the

destination router. The maximum number of routers on a packet’s route is 15. Setting RIP Metric to 1 means that a route can involve 15 routers, while setting it to 15 means a route can only involve one router.

■ Select ADD STA TIC ROUTE NOW to save the new static route, or select CANCEL to discard it and return to

the Static Routes screen.

■ Up to 16 static routes can be created, but one is always reserved for the default gateway, which is

conﬁgured using either Easy Setup or the IP Setup screen in system conﬁguration.

Modifying a static route

To modify a static route, in the Static Routes screen select Display/Change Static Route to display a table of static routes.

Select a static route from the table and go to the Change Static Route screen. The parameters in this screen are the same as the ones in the Add Static Route screen (see “Adding a static route” on page 9-19).

Deleting a static route

To delete a static route, in the Static Routes screen select Delete Static Route to display a table of static routes. Select a static route from the table and press Return to delete it. To exit the table without deleting the selected static route, press Escape.

Rules of static route installation

The Netopia R7100 applies certain rules before installing enabled static routes in the IP routing table. An enabled static route will not be installed in the IP routing table if any of the following conditions are true:

■ The static route’s Next Gateway IP Address matches the IP address used by a connection proﬁle or the

Netopia R7100’s Ethernet port.

■ The static route’s Next Gateway IP Address matches an IP address in the range of IP addresses being

distributed by MacIP or DHCP.

■ The static route’s Next Gateway IP Address is determined to be unreachable by the Netopia R7100.

■ The static route’s route information conﬂicts with a connection proﬁle’s route information.

■ The connection proﬁle associated with the static route is set for dial-in connections only, and there is no

incoming call connected to that connection proﬁle.

■ The connection proﬁle associated with the static route has a disabled dial-on-demand setting, and there is

no current connection using that connection proﬁle.

A static route that is already installed in the IP routing table will be removed if any of the conditions listed above become true for that static route. However, an enabled static route is automatically reinstalled once the conditions listed above are no longer true for that static route.

Netopia R7100-C, R7100 Reference Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual