NETGEAR ReadyNAS 104, ReadyNAS 102, ReadyNAS 2120, ReadyNAS 2120 v2, ReadyNAS 312 User Manual
...
ReadyNAS OS
6.2
Software Manual
Models:
ReadyNAS 102
ReadyNAS 104
ReadyNAS 312
ReadyNAS 314
ReadyNAS 316
ReadyNAS 516
ReadyNAS 716X
ReadyNAS 2120
ReadyNAS 2120 v2
ReadyNAS 3220
ReadyNAS 4220
EDA 500
December 2014
202-11207-07
350 E. Plumeria Drive
San Jose, CA 95134
ReadyNAS OS 6.2
Support
Thank you for purchasing this NETGEAR product.
After installing your device , locate the serial number on the label of your product and use it to register your product
at https://my.netgear.com.You must register your product before you can use NETGEAR telephone support.
NETGEAR recommends registering your product through the NETGEAR website. For product updates, additional
documentation, and support, visit http://support.netgear.com.
Trademarks
©NETGEAR, Inc. NETGEAR and the NETGEAR Logo are trademarks of NETGEAR, Inc. Any non-NETGEAR
trademarks are used for reference purposes only.
Compliance
For regulatory compliance information, visit http://www .netgear.com/about/regulatory. See the regulatory compliance
document before connecting the power supply.
2
Contents
Chapter 1 Getting Started
Quick-Start Guide..................................................................................................8
Additional Documentation......................................................................................9
Supported Operating Systems...............................................................................9
Supported Browsers..............................................................................................9
Diskless Systems.................................................................................................10
Basic Installation..................................................................................................10
Upgrade ReadyNAS Firmware for Use with ReadyCLOUD.................................11
Discover and Set Up Your ReadyNAS..................................................................13
Local Setup Wizard..............................................................................................15
Local Admin Page................................................................................................16
Access the Local Admin Page.............................................................................17
Register Your System...........................................................................................17
Five Levels of File Protection...............................................................................18
Chapter 2 Volume Configuration
Basic Volume and RAID Concepts.......................................................................20
Volumes...........................................................................................................21
RAID................................................................................................................21
Manage Volumes.................................................................................................23
Change RAID Mode........................................................................................24
View the Status of a Volume............................................................................26
Configure the Checksum Function..................................................................27
Create and Encrypt a Volume.........................................................................28
Delete a Volume..............................................................................................30
Expand Storage Capacity................................................................................31
Add Protection to a Volume.............................................................................33
Maintain Volumes............................................................................................35
Chapter 3 Shared Folders
Basic Shared Folder Concepts............................................................................37
Data Organization...........................................................................................38
Shared Folder Defaults....................................................................................39
File and Folder Names....................................................................................39
File-Sharing Protocols.....................................................................................39
Bit Rot Protection............................................................................................40
Managing Bit Rot Protection............................................................................41
Home Directories............................................................................................42
Manage Shared Folders.......................................................................................42
Create a Shared Folder...................................................................................42
View and Change the Properties of a Shared Folder......................................44
Delete a Shared Folder...................................................................................46
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
Browse a Shared Folder..................................................................................46
Shared Folder Access Rights...............................................................................47
User and Group Authentication.......................................................................48
Set Network Access Rights to Shared Folders...............................................48
Set Up Access Rights to Files and Folders.....................................................57
Access Shared Folders from a Network-Attached Device...................................59
Use a Web Browser.........................................................................................60
Use a Windows Device....................................................................................60
Use a Mac OS X Device..................................................................................61
Use a Linux or Unix Device.............................................................................62
Use FTP and FTPS.........................................................................................63
Use Rsync.......................................................................................................63
Access Shared Folders Using Cloud Services....................................................64
Use ReadyCLOUD..........................................................................................64
Use ReadyNAS Remote..................................................................................72
Use ReadyDROP............................................................................................79
Chapter 4 LUNs
Basic LUN Concepts............................................................................................84
Thin and Thick Provisioning............................................................................85
Default LUN Settings.......................................................................................86
Manage LUNs......................................................................................................86
Create a LUN..................................................................................................86
View and Change the Properties of a LUN.....................................................89
Expand the Size of a LUN...............................................................................90
Delete a LUN...................................................................................................92
LUN Groups and Access Rights..........................................................................93
Create a LUN Group.......................................................................................93
Assign a LUN to a LUN Group........................................................................94
Remove a LUN from a LUN Group.................................................................95
Delete a LUN Group........................................................................................95
Manage Access Rights for LUN Groups.........................................................96
Access LUN Groups from an iSCSI-Attached Device........................................101
Set Up Initiator Access..................................................................................102
Initialize and Format LUNs............................................................................106
Chapter 5 Snapshots
Basic Snapshot Concepts..................................................................................110
Smart Snapshot Management......................................................................112
Rolling Back..................................................................................................112
Clones...........................................................................................................112
Manually Take a Snapshot.................................................................................112
Browse Snapshots Using Recovery Mode.........................................................113
Roll Back to a Snapshot.....................................................................................116
Roll Back to a Snapshot Using Recovery Mode............................................116
Roll Back to a Snapshot Using the Timeline.................................................118
Clone Snapshots................................................................................................121
Delete Snapshots...............................................................................................123
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
Delete Snapshots Using Recovery Mode......................................................123
Delete Snapshots Using the Timeline...........................................................125
Recover Data from a Snapshot..........................................................................128
Recover Data from a Snapshot to a Network-Attached Device.....................128
Recover Data from a Snapshot to an iSCSI-Attached Device.......................128
Chapter 6 Users and Groups
Basic User and Group Concepts.......................................................................130
Home Folders................................................................................................131
User and Group Account Limitations.................................................................131
User and Group Management Modes................................................................131
User Accounts....................................................................................................133
Create User Accounts...................................................................................134
Edit User Accounts........................................................................................135
Delete User Accounts....................................................................................136
Change User Passwords...............................................................................136
Group Accounts.................................................................................................137
Create Groups...............................................................................................137
Edit Groups...................................................................................................138
Delete Groups...............................................................................................139
Cloud Users.......................................................................................................140
Grant Access to Cloud Users........................................................................140
Cloud User Access Rights.............................................................................141
Chapter 7 System Settings
Customize the Basic System Settings...............................................................142
Set the Clock.................................................................................................143
Select the Language.....................................................................................144
Set the Administrator Password....................................................................144
Configure System Alerts...............................................................................146
Configure the Host Name..............................................................................150
Enable Antivirus............................................................................................151
Configure the Network Settings.........................................................................152
Network Basic Concepts...............................................................................152
Configure the Ethernet Interfaces.................................................................153
Configure Bonded Adapters..........................................................................157
Configure Global Settings for File-Sharing Protocols........................................163
Basic File-Sharing Concepts.........................................................................164
Supported File-Sharing Protocols.................................................................164
Configure File-Sharing Protocols..................................................................165
Configure Media Services..................................................................................171
ReadyDLNA..................................................................................................171
iTunes Streaming Ser ver...............................................................................173
Configure Discovery Services............................................................................174
Install and Manage Apps...................................................................................175
Install Apps....................................................................................................175
Manage Installed Apps..................................................................................176
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
Chapter 8 System Maintenance
System Monitoring.............................................................................................178
System and Disk Health Information.............................................................179
System Real-Time and Historical Monitoring................................................179
System Logs.................................................................................................182
Downloading Logs.........................................................................................183
SNMP Monitoring..........................................................................................184
System Maintenance.........................................................................................186
Update Firmware...........................................................................................186
Reset the Firmware to Factory Defaults........................................................189
Recover the Administrator Password............................................................189
Shut Down or Restart the System.................................................................191
Manage Power Usage...................................................................................191
What Is Disk Spin-Down...........................................................................193
Set or Change Disk Spin-Down................................................................194
Optional Uninterruptible Power Supplies............................................................195
Uninterruptible Power Supplies.....................................................................195
UPS Configurations.......................................................................................196
Manage UPS Devices...................................................................................196
Chapter 9 Backup and Recovery
Back Up or Restore System Configuration........................................................202
Basic Data Backup and Recovery Concepts.....................................................204
Backup Concepts..........................................................................................204
Recovery Concepts.......................................................................................205
Secure Cloud Backups..................................................................................206
Backup Protocols..........................................................................................206
Backup Job Recommendations.....................................................................207
Manage Backup and Recovery Jobs.................................................................208
Create a Backup Job.....................................................................................208
Create a Recovery Job..................................................................................209
Configure a Backup or Recovery Job............................................................211
Manually Start a Backup or Recovery Job....................................................219
Delete a Backup or Recovery Job.................................................................220
View or Clear a Job Log................................................................................220
Configure the Backup Button.............................................................................221
Back Up Windows Computers and Mac Computers to ReadyNAS...................222
File Synchronization Across Computers............................................................223
Work on Files Across Windows Computers and Mac Computers Using
ReadyNAS.........................................................................................................224
Time Machine....................................................................................................226
Back Up Your Mac Using a Shared Time Machine........................................227
Back Up Your Mac Using a Private Time Machine........................................229
Increase Your Time Machine Backup Capacity.............................................231
ReadyNAS Vault................................................................................................233
Dropbox..............................................................................................................235
ReadyNAS Replicate.........................................................................................236
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
Enable ReadyNAS Replicate........................................................................237
Chapter 10 Help Videos
Available Videos.................................................................................................239
ReadyCLOUD Setup.....................................................................................240
Time Machine................................................................................................240
Antivirus........................................................................................................240
iTunes............................................................................................................240
Remote..........................................................................................................240
ReadyDROP..................................................................................................240
ReadyDLNA..................................................................................................240
PLEX Media Server.......................................................................................241
Continuous Data Protection..........................................................................241
Tool-less Drive Installation.............................................................................241
Viewing Videos...................................................................................................241
7
Getting Started
This manual describes how to configure and manage your ReadyNAS® storage system.
Your ReadyNAS storage system relies on the following applications:
• ReadyCLOUD. Use this online service to discover your ReadyNAS system on your local area network
and access the local admin page.
• Local admin page. Use this browser-based interface to configure and manage your ReadyNAS system.
This chapter includes the following sections:
• Quick-Start Guide
• Additional Documentation
• Supported Operating Systems
• Supported Browsers
• Diskless Systems
• Basic Installation
• Upgrade ReadyNAS Firmware for Use with ReadyCLOUD
• Discover and Set Up Your ReadyNAS
• Local Setup Wizard
• Local Admin Page
• Access the Local Admin Page
• Register Your System
• Five Levels of File Protection
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
Quick-Start Guide
This manual provides conceptual information about storage systems, detailed instructions about using
your system, and NETGEAR’s recommendations about configuring, managing, and backing up your
system. NETGEAR recommends that y ou read this man ual to mak e the best use of your stor age system.
To quickly start using your system, review the following sections in this order:
1. Basic Installation on page 10.You use ReadyCLOUD to discover your storage system on your netw ork.
2. Create a Shared Folder on page 42. Shared folders are the way you organize the data you store on
your ReadyNAS system.
3. Create a LUN on page 86. LUNs are SAN data sets that allow data transfer and storage over iSCSI.
4. Basic Snapshot Concepts on page 110. Protect the data that is stored in f olders and LUNs by creating
snapshots.
5. Create User Accounts on page 134.You create a user account for each person that you w ant to allow
to access your ReadyNAS system.
6. Configure Global Settings for File-Sharing Protocols on page 163. File-sharing protocols enable you
to transfer files across a network.
7. Basic Data Backup and Recovery Concepts on page 204.You can back up the data that you store on
your ReadyNAS system and you can use your ReadyNAS system to back up data that you store on
other devices.
Additional Documentation
NETGEAR maintains a community website that supports ReadyNAS products.Visit
http://www.netgear.com/readynas for reviews, tutorials, comparison charts, software updates,
documentation, an active user forum, and much more.
For information about your system’ s hardware , see the hardware manual f or your system, which is av ailable
at http://support.netgear.com/product/ReadyNAS-OS6
Supported Operating Systems
The ReadyNAS supports the following operating systems:
• Microsoft Windows 8
• Microsoft Windows 7
• Microsoft Windows Vista
• Apple Mac OS X10.5 Leopard or later
• Linux, Unix, Solaris
• Apple iOS
• Google Android
Supported Browsers
The ReadyNAS local admin page supports the following browsers:
Getting Started
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
• Microsoft Internet Explorer 9.0+
• Apple Safari 6.0+
• Google Chrome 20+
• Mozilla Firefox 14+
If you hav e difficulty accessing the local admin page or if you notice unexpected beha vior , try using another
browser.
Diskless Systems
If you hav e a diskless ReadyNAS, you must first install and f ormat at least one disk before you can disco ver
your system with ReadyCLOUD or visit the local admin page.You must use supported disks. For a list
of supported disks, visit http://www.netgear .com/readynas-hcl. Make sure that the ReadyNAS is powered
off before inserting any disks.
If you want to use disks that were pre viously f ormatted for an operating system other than ReadyNAS OS
6 (for example, Windows, Linux, or previous-generation ReadyNAS), you must reformat the disks.You
can reformat the disks by installing them, powering on the system, and perf orming a f actory reset before
continuing the configuration.
The details of installation for both new and previously formatted disks depend on the model. For detailed
instructions, see the hardware manual for your system, which is available at
http://support.netgear.com/product/ReadyNAS-OS6.
For basic configuration information, see Basic Installation on page 10.
For information about disk formats, see RAID on page 21.
Basic Installation
After you follow these instructions, your ReadyNAS system is ready to use in a production environment.
Setup takes approximately 15 minutes.
To install your storage system:
1. Install all available disks that you want to use in your storage system.
Note:
For a list of supported disks, see the Hardware Compatibility List at
http://www.netgear.com/readynas-hcl
For information about installing disks, see the hardware manual for your system.
If you are using previously f ormatted disks that contain data, you must reformat these
disks before continuing. For information about formatting disks, see the hardware
manual for your system.
2. Place your system in a location that provides adequate ventilation.
High-capacity disks can produce considerable heat. It is important to ensure that the fan e xhausts are
unobstructed.
Getting Started
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
For a complete list of placement considerations, see the hardware manual for your system.
3. Connect the power adapter to the power cord.
4. Connect the power adapter to the back of the system and plug the power cord into a wall outlet or
power strip.
5. Use an Ethernet cable to connect an Ethernet port on the storage system to your network.
6. If necessary, press the Power button to turn on the system.
7. Wait for the Power LED to turn solid blue or for the status display screen to display the system’s IP
address.
8. Use ReadyCLOUD to discover and set up your system on the network.
See Discover and Set Up Your ReadyNAS on page 13.
Upgrade ReadyNAS Firmware for Use with ReadyCLOUD
The first time you log into ReadyCLOUD after upgrading your ReadyNAS, you see a message about
needing to upgrade the ReadyNAS system firmware.
When you log into ReadyCLOUD you see the following window:
ReadyCLOUD now includes major new f eatures, but these f eatures require new firmware on the ReadyNAS
system.When you log into ReadyCLOUD from a ReadyNAS system, ReadyCLOUD checks to see if the
Getting Started
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
ReadyNAS system firmware is recent enough to work with the new ReadyCLOUD . If it is not, you see the
message and the Upgrade Now button. Click the button to start the download and automatic restart.
During the download you see the following window:
When the download and restart complete, you see the following window:
Getting Started
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
Click the OK button to dismiss the message and continue to ReadyCLOUD.
Discover and Set Up Your ReadyNAS
ReadyCLOUD is the online service that you use to discover and set up ReadyNAS storage systems on
your network.You can also use ReadyCLOUD to access and manage data on your ReadyNAS systems.
For you to use ReadyCLOUD, your computer and storage system must have Internet access.
Note:
When you discover your device using ReadyCLOUD, you can choose whether to immediately use
ReadyCLOUD to setup and manage your device , or whether to use the device's local admin page. If you
choose to use local administration now, you can still use ReadyCLOUD later.
To discover and set up your storage system:
1. Visit http://readycloud.netgear.com on a computer that uses the same local area network (LAN) and
Internet connection as your storage system.
If your computer and storage system do not hav e Internet access, install and run the
RAIDar utility instead. RAIDar is on the resource CD that came with your system. It
includes versions for Windows , Mac, and Linux operating systems. It is also a vailable
at http://www.netgear.com/raidar
Getting Started
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
2. Click the Discover button.
ReadyCLOUD automatically detects your ReadyNAS system on the network.
Your new ReadyNAS system is marked with a NEW label.
3. Click the Setup button.
4. Select whether to use ReadyCLOUD or the local admin page to use to set up your system:
• Option 1. Select Join Now.
a. Sign in to ReadyCLOUD or create a user account.
If you hav e a ReadyNAS Remote account, you can sign in to ReadyCLOUD using
Tip:
your ReadyNAS Remote credentials.
b. Follow the prompts to set up your ReadyNAS system.
For more information about ReadyCLOUD, see Use ReadyCLOUD on page 64.
• Option 2. Select Join Later.
An SSL certificate security warning displays.This warning ensures an encrypted authentication
and secure access to the ReadyNAS local admin page for your storage system.
a. Accept the certificate.
A login prompt displays.
Getting Started
14
b. Enter admin for the user name, enter password for the password, and click the OK button.
Both user name and password are case-sensitive.
You can change these credentials when you configure your system. NETGEAR recommends
that you change your password as soon as possible.
The ReadyNAS local admin page displays in your browser and launches a setup wizard.
c. Follow the prompts of the setup wizard that launches in your browser.
Local Setup Wizard
ReadyNAS OS 6.2
The first time you access the local admin page, a setup wizard prompts you to configure the basic settings
of your ReadyNAS storage system.
Note:
Figure 1. Setup wizard (Welcome screen)
You can change the language setting for the setup wizard by clicking Language at the top right corner of
the screen and selecting a language from the drop-down list.
The local setup wizard is for users who choose to set up their ReadyNAS system
using Offline mode. If you set up your system using ReadyCLOUD mode and the
ReadyCLOUD setup wizard, the local setup wizard does not display.
The setup wizard guides you through the initial configuration process to help you quickly integrate your
ReadyNAS storage system into your network. Follo w the setup wizard’ s prompts to configure the following
settings:
Getting Started
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
• Time and date. For more information, see Set the Clock on page 143.
• Alert contact. For more information, see Configure System Alerts on page 146.
• Host name. For more information, see Configure the Host Name on page 150.
• Administrator password and pass w ord recovery. F or more information, see Set the Administrator
Password on page 144.
Local Admin Page
The local admin page is a browser-based interface that y ou use to configure and manage your ReadyNAS
system.When you visit the local admin page, the Overview screen displays, as shown in the following
figure.
Figure 2. Local admin page (Overview screen)
The following list describes the features of the local admin page:
• To navigate through the local admin page, use the navigation bar across the top of the screen and
the navigation icons below it.
• Some screens are divided into multiple sections.You can collapse or expand sections of the screen
by clicking the triangle icons ( ) next to each section heading.
•
To refresh the screen, click the Refresh icon ( ) in the top right corner of the screen.
• For more information about your product, visit an official NETGEAR support page by clicking the
Support icon ( ) in the top right corner of the screen.
•
To log out of the local admin page, click the Logout icon ( ) in the top right corner of the screen.
Other features of the local admin page are described in other chapters.
In this manual, instructions for navigating through the local admin page begin b y specifying the selection
from the navigation bar and then, if necessary, specifying the selections from the row of navigation icons
and section headings. For e xample, to configure the global file-sharing protocols, select System > Settings
> Services. System is the selection from the navigation bar. Settings is the selection from the row of
navigation icons. Services is the selection from the section headings on the Settings screen.
Getting Started
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
Access the Local Admin Page
If your computer is connected to the same LAN as your storage system, f ollow these instructions to access
the local admin page.
For information about remote access to the local admin page, see the ReadyNAS Remote User Manual.
To access the local admin page:
1. Open a web browser and visit https://<hostname>.
<hostname> is the name that you assigned to your ReadyNAS system or the def ault host name if you
did not change it.
Note:
An SSL certificate security warning displays.
2. Accept the certificate.
A login prompt displays.
3. Enter the login credentials for your system and click the OK button.
If you did not change the credentials, the default credentials are as follows:
• user name. admin
• password. password
Both user name and password are case-sensitive.
The local admin page displays.
You can also access the local admin page from ReadyCLOUD (see Use ReadyCLOUD on page 64).
You can also enter https://<ReadyNAS IP address>, where <ReadyNAS IP address>
is the IP address of the ReadyNAS.
Register Your System
You must register your product before you can use NETGEAR telephone support. Register y our ReadyNAS
system at the NETGEAR Product Registration web page.
To register your ReadyNAS system:
1. Locate the serial number of the system.
You can find the serial number on the Overview screen of local admin page or on the chassis label
of your product.
Getting Started
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
2. Open a web browser and visit http://www.NETGEAR.com/register.
The Product Registration web page displays.
3. Take one of the following actions:
• If you have never registered a NETGEAR product, click the Continue button.
• If you have registered a NETGEAR product in the past, enter your email address and password
and click the Log in button.
4. Follow the prompts.
The ReadyNAS is registered.
Five Levels of File Protection
File and data protection strategies such as various RAID lev els or snapshots can go only so far in protecting
data from loss, but ReadyNAS OS provides five separate strategies that work together to provide
substantially better protection than any one strategy.
The different levels of disk redundancy provided by RAID types provide degrees of file protection from
the loss of one or more disks, but cannot do anything about accidental deletion or corruption; can mask,
but not prevent, gradual corruption caused by the slow degradation of the disks; and cannot provide
protection from a site disaster. Snapshot technologies provide protection against accidental deletion or
corruption but by themselves cannot protect against disk loss or site loss.
ReadyNAS OS allows you to use five different types of protection simultaneously:
Getting Started
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
• RAID. Protects against disk failure.
• Snapshot technology . Protects against accidental data deletion or corruption by pro viding point-in-time
recovery.
• Real-time antivirus. Protects against loss or corruption from viruses.
• Bit rot protection. Protects against the degradation of data from disk aging.
• Offsite backup using ReadyNAS Vault or a second ReadyNAS. Protects against site loss.
Getting Started
19
Volume Configuration
This chapter describes how to configure and manage the volumes in your ReadyNAS storage system. It
includes the following sections:
• Basic Volume and RAID Concepts
• Manage Volumes
2
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
Basic Volume and RAID Concepts
To get the most out of your ReadyNAS storage system, it is helpful to understand the basics of volumes
and RAID . Understanding these concepts is the first step to making good decisions about how to configure,
manage, and use your ReadyNAS storage system.
Volumes
In the most general sense, volumes are data storage devices.Your computer treats an internal hard drive
as a volume. It also treats a portable USB thumb drive as a volume.
Volumes can be either physical or logical. Usually, the term physical volume refers to a hard disk drive.
When this term is used in this way, a two-bay storage system can have up to two physical volumes (hard
disk drives). A four-bay storage system can have up to four physical volumes. A six-bay storage system
can have up to six physical volumes.
The term logical volume refers to the way that you divide, or partition, your storage space. For example:
• Each logical volume can correspond to a hard disk drive.
• A logical volume can be made up of more than one hard disk drive.
In this manual, the term volume refers to a logical volume.The terms hard disk drive and disk refer to a
physical volume.
RAID
Your ReadyNAS storage system allows you to configure your hard disks using one of the many RAID
technologies.
RAID is short for redundant array of independent disks. RAID is a storage technology that balances data
protection, system performance, and storage space by determining how the storage system distributes
data. Many different ways of distributing data have been standardized into various RAID levels. Each
RAID level offers a tradeoff of data protection, system performance, and storage space. For example,
one RAID level might impro ve data protection but reduce stor age space. Another RAID lev el might increase
storage space but also reduce system performance.
Your ReadyNAS storage system supports X-RAID™ mode, a proprietary single-volume RAID architecture
that is easy to administer, and Flex-RAID mode, which allows you to format your disks in a variety of
industry-standard RAID levels.
When you power on y our system f or the first time or if you reset y our system to its f actory default settings,
the optimal RAID mode and level are automatically selected for you based on the number of disks that
are installed.You can also configure the RAID settings manually (see Change RAID Mode on page 24).
X-RAID
X-RAID is an auto-expandable RAID technology that is a vailable only on ReadyNAS systems .With X-RAID,
you do not need to know intricate details about RAID to administer your system. X-RAID allows you to
add storage space without reformatting your drives or moving your data to another location. Because the
Volume Configuration
21
ReadyNAS OS 6.2
expansion happens online, you can continue to use your ReadyNAS system while the volume capacity
increases.
Because X-RAID is a single-volume architecture, if you configure your hard disk drives to use X-RAID,
your storage system has only one volume that is made up of all installed hard disk drives. X-RAID’s
single-volume architecture has two major advantages:
• Easy system management
• Auto-expansion
With Flex-RAID formatting, if you want to add disks to expand your storage capacity, you must back up
the data to another system, add a disk, reformat the RAID volume, and restore the data to the ne w RAID
volume.With X-RAID, none of those administrativ e tasks are required. Instead, with X-RAID, y our v olume
automatically expands to accommodate additional disks or larger-capacity disks.
With X-RAID, you can start out with one hard disk, add a second disk for data protection, and add more
disks for additional storage capacity. X-RAID accommodates the new disks automatically.Y ou can replace
existing disks with larger-capacity disks and X-RAID automatically accommodates the new disks.
X-RAID requires a minimum of two hard disks to provide protection against disk failure. If you have a
one-disk ReadyNAS storage system and want protection from disk failure, you must add a second disk
that is at least as large as the first. It can be added while the system is running.
X-RAID uses the capacity of one disk for data storage and reserves the capacity of a second disk f or data
protection, which allows the volume to recreate data if a disk f ails. In a two-disk system, the usable storage
space is one disk. In a three-disk system, the usable storage space is two disks. In general, the total
capacity of your storage system equals the capacity of all your disks minus the capacity of one disk.
The following figure illustrates how X-RAID uses new disks.
Figure 3. X-RAID disk usage
Flex-RAID
NETGEAR’s Flex-RAID technology allows you to choose from among several industry-standard RAID
levels :
Volume Configuration
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
• JBOD.This most basic RAID level does not protect your data from loss if one of your drives fails.
JBOD is available only on volumes consisting of a single hard disk.
• RAID 0. RAID 0 distrib utes data across multiple disks, resulting in improv ed disk performance compared
to systems that do not use RAID formatting.The total capacity of your storage system equals the
capacity of the smallest of your disk drives times the number of disks. RAID 0 is availab le on v olumes
consisting of two or more hard disks.
• RAID 1.This RAID level provides full redundancy of your data, because it duplicates data across
multiple disks. Exactly the same data is stored on tw o or more disks at all times. RAID 1 protects your
data from loss if one disk fails.The total capacity of your storage system equals the capacity of your
smallest disk.
• RAID 5.This RAID level also provides data redundancy, but it requires at least three disks. RAID 5
uses the capacity of one disk to protect you from data loss if one disk fails.Your data is distributed
across multiple disks to improve disk performance. The total capacity of your storage system equals
the capacity of all your disks minus the capacity of one disk. It is supported on systems with at least
four drive bays.
• RAID 6.This RAID level can recover from the loss of two disks .Y our data is distributed across multiple
disks to improve disk performance.The total capacity of your storage system equals the capacity of
all your disks minus the capacity of two disks. It is supported on systems with at least four drive bays.
• RAID 10 (or 1+0).This RAID level uses both RAID 1 and RAID 0 technology. First, your data is
duplicated so that exactly the same data is stored on two or more disks.Then, the data is distributed
across additional disks to improve disk perf ormance. It is supported on systems with at least four drive
bays.
The Flex-RAID levels that you can select depend on the number of disks included in the volume.The
following table describes the Flex-RAID levels that are available for a given number of disks. It also
indicates whether adding a disk for data protection is possible for each configuration.
Table 2. Flex-RAID levels and data protection
Can I add a disk for data protection?RAID LevelNumber of Disks per Vol-
ume
JBOD1
RAID 53 or more
No. (JBOD is available only for volumes consisting of one
disk)
No. (Volume protection is already redundant.)RAID 12
No. (RAID 0 does not offer protection.)RAID 02 or more
Yes. (Additional disk provides dual redundancy and conv erts
the volume to RAID 6.)
No. (Volume protection is already redundant.)RAID 104 or more(even number)
No. (Volume is already protected with dual redundancy.)RAID 64 or more
Manage Volumes
This section discusses volume management on your ReadyNAS system.You can add or delete volumes
from the system. Additionally, you can change the volume’ s RAID mode and lev el.This section also covers
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
volume status, v olume maintenance and v olume protection. In addition to volume topics, this section also
covers extending the storage capacity on you ReadyNAS system.
Change RAID Mode
You can change the RAID mode that your ReadyNAS storage system uses. By default, your system’s
hard disks are configured into a single X-RAID volume.
Change from X-RAID to Flex-RAID
Your ReadyNAS system can easily change a volume from X-RAID to Flex-RAID mode. Data on the
X-RAID volume is preserved when you switch to Flex-RAID.The RAID level of the resulting Flex-RAID
volume is automatically assigned based on the number of disks that are installed.
To change from X-RAID to Flex-RAID:
1. Select System > Volumes.
2. Click the X-RAID button at the right side of the screen.
3. Confirm that you want to switch from X-RAID to Flex-RAID.
The volume switches from X-RAID mode to Flex-RAID mode and the indicator on the X-RAID button
turns gray.
The RAID level is automatically assigned based on the number of disks that are installed.
Change from Flex-RAID to X-RAID
If your system contains only one volume, you can easily switch from Flex-RAID to X-RAID. Data on the
Flex-RAID volume is preserved when you switch to X-RAID.
If your system contains multiple volumes, you must first reconfigure your disks into a single volume.
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
Note:
To change from Flex-RAID to X-RAID on a single-volume system:
1. Select System > Volumes.
2. Click the X-RAID button at the right side of the screen.
3. Confirm that you want to switch from X-RAID to Flex-RAID.
The volume switches from Flex-RAID mode to X-RAID mode and the indicator on the X-RAID button
turns green.
When you switch to X-RAID mode, any extra disks installed in your system are
automatically reformatted and used for storage expansion.You cannot change the
RAID mode of a RAID 0 or RAID 10 volume.
Any available drives are automatically used for storage expansion.
Change to a Different Flex-RAID Level
In Flex-RAID mode, y ou assign one of several RAID levels to your volume. Available RAID levels depend
on the number of disks that you want the v olume to include. F or more inf ormation, see Flex-RAID on page
22.You can reconfigure your volumes to use a different RAID level.
Note:
To change to RAID levels:
1. If any data is stored on the volumes that you want to reconfigure, back up your data.
2. Delete the volumes that you want to reconfigure (see Delete a Volume on page 30).
Changing the RAID level of a v olume erases all data. If data is stored on your system,
you must back up the data to another storage device before changing the RAID
level.You cannot change the RAID level of a RAID 0 volume.
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
The disks that were part of the volumes become available again for other purposes (the color of the
disks turns black).
3. Create a new volume from the available disks and select the RAID level (see Create and Encrypt a
Volume on page 28).
The volume is formatted according to your specifications . Formatting can take quite a while, depending
on the size of your hard disk drives.
View the Status of a Volume
To view a summary of the volume status:
Select System > Volumes.
The volumes are listed at the left side of the screen.
The following summary information is displayed next to each volume.
DescriptionItem
The storage space that is consumed by data in MB, GB, or TB.Data
The storage space that is available in MB, GB, or TB.Free
The configured RAID level.Type
Health indicator
The color of the indicator to the right of the volume icon indicates the health of the
volume:
• Green.The volume is healthy.
• Yellow.The volume is degraded.
• Red.The volume is bad or faulty.
To view the I/O stats and disk status:
1. Select System > Volumes.
2. Select the volume from the list on the left.
3. From the pop-up menu that displays, select Settings.
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
A pop-up screen displays the I/O stats in the Summary tab.
4. Click the Disks tab.
5. From the Disk drop-down list, select one of the disks in the volume to view its status.
Note:
The disks are listed by their position in the enclosure: <column>x<row>. For e xample,
Disk 3X1 is the third disk from the left in the top row of the enclosure.
Configure the Checksum Function
Checksum functions help detect data transmission errors.The ReadyNAS uses a checksum function to
improve accuracy and consistency when writing data to a volume .Y ou can enable or disable the chec ksum
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
function on each volume. Enabling the checksum function improv es the integrity of your data b ut reduces
performance speeds.
Enable or disable the checksum function:
1. Select System > Volumes.
2. Select one of the volumes listed on the left side of the screen.
3. From the pop-up menu that displays, select Settings.
A pop-up screen displays.
4. In the Summary tab, select or clear the Checksum check box.
5. Click the Apply button.
6. Click the OK button.
Your changes are saved.
Create and Encrypt a Volume
During volume creation you can also enable volume encryption. Encryption is optional.When encryption
is enabled, data is encrypted in real time as it is written to the volume.Y ou cannot encrypt existing volumes .
Encryption is possible only when you are creating new volumes. When created, the volume will be a
Flex-RAID volume, but after you create it, you can change it to an X-RAID volume.
You need a USB drive to store the encryption key that is generated during volume creation.You can also
have the encryption key emailed to you for safe keeping. If you lose the USB drive with the encryption
key, you can load the emailed encryption key onto another USB drive.
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
You must insert the USB drive with the encryption key into a USB port on the ReadyNAS for the volume
to be unlocked and accessible.You must insert the USB drive to unlock an encrypted volume during
reboot. If you do not insert the USB key on reboot, there is a 10-minute timeout during which you can
insert the key, otherwise you wll not be able to access the encrypted volume until the ReadyNAS is again
rebooted.You can remove the USB drive after unlocking the volume. NETGEAR recommends storing
the USB drive with the encryption key in a safe and secure location when not in use.
WARNING:
If you lose the encryption key, the encrypted drive is irrecoverable.
To create a volume, select the RAID level and enable encryption:
1. Select System > Volumes.
2. From the enclosure graphic, select the disks that you want to include in the new volume.
Available disks are colored black.
3. Click the New Volume button at the right of the screen.
The New Volume pop-up screen displays.
4. Configure the following settings:
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ReadyNAS OS 6.2
• Name. Enter a name for the volume.The volume m ust not have the same name as a folder in the
root folder system.The volume names home , apps , and job_ are reserved and cannot be used.
• Encryption. Select this check box to enable encryption on the volume. A key will be generated.
If you lose your key, the data on the volume will be irrecoverable.
• USB to store key. If you enabled encryption, select a USB storage device from the drop-down
list to store the generated key.
• Send key by Email. If you enabled encryption, select this check box to have the generated key
sent to a email address associated with the admin account. Mak e sure that y ou hav e set the email
account before creating the volume.
5. Click the Create button.
The new volume is created and appears in the list of volumes at the left of the screen.
Delete a Volume
Before you delete a volume, make sure that you back up any data (folders and LUNs) that you want to
save to another volume or another storage device.
To delete a volume:
1. Select System > Volumes.
2. Select the volume that you want to delete.
3. From the pop-up menu that displays, select Destroy.
Note:
A pop-up screen displays.
The Destroy option is not available when the ReadyNAS has a single volume only.
The Destroy option is available if you have at least two volumes.
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