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User Guide
NWL-15 – Light Industrial M2M Router Plus
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NetComm Wireless Light Industrial M2M Router Plus
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Copyright
Copyright© 2014 NetComm Wireless Limited. All rights reserved.
The information contained herein is proprietary to NetComm Wireless. No part of this document may be translated, transcribed,
reproduced, in any form, or by any means without prior written consent of NetComm Wireless.
Note: This document is subject to change without notice.
Save our environment
When this equipment has reached the end of its useful life, it must be taken to a recycling centre and processed separately from
domestic waste.
The cardboard box, the plastic contained in the packaging, and the parts that make up this device can be recycled in accordance
with regionally established regulations. Never dispose of this electronic equipment along with your household waste. You may be
subject to penalties or sanctions under the law. Instead, ask for disposal instructions from your municipal government.
Please be responsible and protect our environment.
This guide covers the following products:
NetComm Wireless NWL-15-02 Light Industrial M2M Router Plus
DOCUMENT VERSION
DATE
1.0 - Initial document release
May 22, 2014
Table 1 - Document Revision History
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Table of contents
Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Target audience ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Prerequisites ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Notation ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Product introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Product overview ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Package contents .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Product features ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Physical dimensions and indicators ............................................................................................................................................. 8
Physical dimensions ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
LED indicators ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Ethernet port LED indicators ........................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Interfaces .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Placement of the router ............................................................................................................................................................... 12
Mounting options ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Powering the router ..................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Power consumption ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Installation and activation of the NWL-15 router ........................................................................................................................ 19
Installing the router ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Activating the router ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Advanced configuration .............................................................................................................................................................. 21
Status ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Networking ................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Data connection .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Connect on demand .................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Operator settings ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
LAN ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 33
Routing ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37
VPN ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 47
Services........................................................................................................................................................................................ 60
Dynamic DNS .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 60
Network time (NTP)...................................................................................................................................................................................... 61
Data stream manager .................................................................................................................................................................................. 62
Legacy data managers ................................................................................................................................................................................ 67
Watchdogs .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 70
SNMP ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 73
TR-069........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 75
GPS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 77
Odometer .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 79
IO configuration ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 80
Low power mode ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 82
SMS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 86
Diagnostics ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 90
Sending an SMS diagnostic command ......................................................................................................................................................... 93
System ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 100
Log ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 100
System configuration ................................................................................................................................................................................. 103
HTTPS Key Management ........................................................................................................................................................................... 110
SSH key management ............................................................................................................................................................................... 113
Appendix A: Tables.................................................................................................................................................................... 117
Appendix B: Device mounting dimensions ............................................................................................................................... 118
Appendix C: Mounting bracket ................................................................................................................................................. 119
Appendix D: Default settings .................................................................................................................................................... 120
Restoring factory default settings ............................................................................................................................................................... 121
Appendix E: Recovery mode ..................................................................................................................................................... 122
Accessing recovery mode .......................................................................................................................................................................... 122
Status ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 123
Log ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 123
Application installer .................................................................................................................................................................................... 124
Settings ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 124
Reboot ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 124
Appendix F: HTTPS - Uploading a self-signed certificate ....................................................................................................... 125
Appendix G: RJ-45 connector ................................................................................................................................................... 127
Appendix H: Serial port wiring .................................................................................................................................................. 128
Appendix I: Inputs/Outputs ....................................................................................................................................................... 129
Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 129
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Technical data ........................................................................................................................................................................... 134
Safety and product care ............................................................................................................................................................ 135
Product warranty ....................................................................................................................................................................... 139
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Overview
Introduction
This document provides you all the information you need to set up, configure and use the NetComm Wireless NWL-15 router.
Target audience
This document is intended for system integrators or experienced hardware installers who understand telecommunications
terminology and concepts.
Prerequisites
Before continuing with the installation of your NWL-15 router, please confirm that you have the following:
A device with a working Ethernet network adapter.
A web browser such as Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox or Google Chrome.
A flathead screwdriver if field terminated power is required.
Notation
The following symbols are used in this user guide:
The following note requires attention.
The following note provides a warning.
The following note provides useful information.
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Product introduction
Product overview
Dual-band CDMA (BC0/BC1), 800/1900MHz
CDMA data speeds up to 3.1 Mbps DL
RS232/RS422/RS485 Port and USB 2.0 OTG port
Built in GPS supporting an active GPS Antenna via external SMA connector
Three multi-purpose I/O ports
One dedicated ignition input
Intelligent, Tri-Colour LED display for clear, easy to read modem status information
Extensive device management with support for TR-069, Web GUI and full feature management with SMS
Optimized web configuration UI
Flexible mounting suitable for in-home use or industrial applications with built-in wall mount, and DIN rail mounting
options
Package contents
The NetComm Wireless NWL-15 router package consists of:
1 x
NWL-15 router
1 x Six-way terminal block
1 x 1.5m yellow Ethernet cable 8P8C
2 x CDMA antennas
1 x DIN rail mounting bracket
1 x Quick start guide
If any of these items are missing or damaged, please contact NetComm Wireless Support immediately. The NetComm Wireless
Support website can be found at: http://support.netcommwireless.com.
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Product features
The NWL-15 router is a high performing dual band CDMA Router that delivers the high speed and wide coverage afforded by
Verizon’s CDMA network. Designed for plug and play Ethernet IP connectivity, its lightweight, compact design makes it suitable for
a broad range of industry applications. The device incorporates state-of-the-art M2M features; a powerful external antenna with an
additional antenna providing diversity assistance; flexible mounting options and a wide operating temperature range. The device
enables you to remotely connect your assets, premises or equipment to gather real-time business insight and streamline your
business operations. The router’s open Linux operating system and Software Development Kit (SDK) offers the capability to install
custom software applications within the substantial onboard flash memory. The device also allows remote system monitoring,
remote diagnostics, remote configuration and firmware updates over the air. Featuring Ethernet, Serial (RS232/422/485), and USB
2.0 connectivity, the NWL-15 router can interface with a diverse range of equipment used in a wide variety of vertical applications.
The NWL-15 router also features built in GPS support and a dedicated ignition input making it ideal for vehicle applications. The
device features multipurpose digital and analogue I/O ports and is compatible with the NetComm Wireless Software Development
Kit allowing you to customize their functionality to your needs.
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Physical dimensions and
indicators
Physical dimensions
Below is a list of the physical dimensions of the NWL-15 router.
Figure 1 – NWL-15 dimensions
NWL-15 ROUTER
(WITHOUT EXTERNAL ANTENNA
ATTACHED)
Length
140 mm
Depth
103 mm
Height
30 mm
Weight
180g
Table 2 - Device Dimensions
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LED indicators
The NWL-15 router uses 7 LEDs to display the current system and connection status.
Figure 2 - NWL-15 router LED Indicators
LED ICON
NAME
COLOR
STATE
DESCRIPTION
Power
Off
Power off
Double flash
Powering up
On
Power on
On
Power on in recovery mode
Slow flashing
Hardware error
Network
On
Connected via WWAN
Blinking1
Traffic via WWAN
Slow flashing
Connecting data session
On
Registered network
Slow flashing
Registering network
On
Can’t connect
Slow flashing
Not activated
Signal
strength
On
EVDO coverage
On
CDMA 1x coverage
Table 3 - LED Indicators
1
The term “blinking” means that the LED may pulse, with the intervals that the LED is on and off not being equal. The term “flashing” means that the
LED turns on and off at equal intervals.
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Signal strength LEDs
The following table lists the signal strength range corresponding with the number of lit signal strength LEDs.
NUMBER OF LIT LEDS
SIGNAL STRENGTH
All LEDs unlit
< -109 dBm
1
-109 dBm to -102dBm
2
-101 dBm to -92 dBm
3
-91 dBm to -86 dBm
4
-85 dBm to -78 dBm
5
≥ -77 dBm
Table 4 - Signal strength LED descriptions
LED update interval
The signal strength LEDs update within a few seconds with a rolling average signal strength reading. When selecting a location for
the router or positioning an external antenna, please allow up to 20 seconds for the signal strength LEDs to update before
repositioning.
Ethernet port LED indicators
The Ethernet port of the NWL-15 router has two LED indicators on it.
Figure 3 - Ethernet port LED indicators
The table below describes the statuses of each light and their meanings.
LED
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
Green
On
There is a valid network link.
Blinking
There is activity on the network link.
Off
No valid network link detected.
Amber
On
The Ethernet port is operating at a speed of 100Mbps.
Off
The Ethernet port is operating at a speed of 10Mbps or no Ethernet cable is connected.
Table 5 - Ethernet port LED indicators description
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Interfaces
The following interfaces are available on the NWL-15 router:
Figure 4 - Interfaces
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
RJ45 Ethernet port
Connect one or several devices via a network switch here.
Reset button
Press and hold for less than 5 seconds to reboot to normal mode.
Press and hold for 5 to 15 seconds to reboot to recovery mode.
Press and hold for 15 to 20 seconds to reset the router to factory default settings.
Six-way terminal
Connect power source, ignition and I/O wires here. Power, ignition and I/O wires may be
terminated on the supplied terminal block and connected to a power source. Refer to
the diagram and table under the Powering the router section for correct wiring of the
terminal block. Operates in the 8-40V DC range.
Main antenna socket
SMA female connector for main antenna.
Auxiliary antenna socket
SMA female connector for auxiliary antenna (receive diversity).
Mini USB 2.0 OTG port
Provides connectivity for optional external storage or a USB Ethernet dongle. Supplies
up to 0.5A to connected device.
Serial port
Female DB9 port supporting 9-wire RS-232, RS-485 or RS-422 (software selectable).
GPS antenna socket
SMA female connector for an active GPS antenna.
Table 6 – Interfaces
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Placement of the router
The two external high-performance antennas supplied with the router are designed to provide optimum signal strength in a wide
range of environments. If you find the signal strength is weak, try adjusting the orientation of the antennas. If you are unable to get
an acceptable signal, try moving the router to a different place or mounting it differently.
Note: When selecting a location for the router, allow at least 20 seconds for the signal strength LEDs to update before trying
a different location or connecting an external antenna.
Mounting options
The NWL-15 router can be quickly and easily mounted in a variety of locations.
Mounted flat against the wall
When mounted flat against the wall, the NWL-15 router has a slimline form factor. Use appropriately sized screws in the mounting
holes provided on the base of the unit.
Figure 5 - Wall mount - Flat against the wall
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Perpendicular to the wall
If a large surface area is not available, there is the option of mounting the router perpendicular to the wall. This gives the router a
small wall footprint while remaining securely attached. Use appropriately sized screws in the mounting holes provided on the back
of the unit.
Figure 6 - Wall mount - Perpendicular to the wall
C Section DIN Rail mount
The NWL-15 router easily slides onto a C Section DIN rail so that it is horizontally mounted. The DIN Rail mounting bracket is not
required for C Section DIN rail mounting.
Figure 7 - C Section DIN rail mount
To mount the unit on a C-Section DIN rail, slide it on as illustrated below:
Figure 8 - Mounting the unit on a DIN rail
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Mounting bracket
The provided mounting bracket provides additional methods of mounting the NWL-15 router.
To attach the mounting bracket, slide it onto the rear of the router as shown in the diagram below:
Figure 9 - Sliding on the mounting bracket
To remove the bracket, press the PUSH button and slide the router off the bracket:
Figure 10 - Removing the mounting bracket
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Using the mounting bracket for wall mounting
By first attaching the DIN rail bracket to the wall, the NWL-15 router can be easily attached and removed from the bracket.
Figure 11 – Wall mount - Mounted via DIN rail bracket
Using the mounting bracket for Top hat DIN rail mounting
The NWL-15 router may be vertically mounted to the wall with the bracket by sliding the bracket onto a top hat DIN rail
Figure 12 - Top hat DIN rail mount
Alternatively, you can attach it to the DIN Rail by using the V bend in the bracket as illustrated below:
Figure 13 - Attaching the mounting bracket to the DI N rail using the V bend
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Desk mount
In situations where wall mounts and DIN rails are not required, you can simply place the NWL-15 router on a desk using its rubber
feet to prevent it from slipping.
Figure 14 - Desk mount
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Powering the router
The NWL-15 router can be powered in one of two ways:
1. DC power input via 6-pin connector (8-40V DC)
2. DC power input via field terminated power source (8-40V DC)
The green power LED on the router lights up when a power source is connected.
DC power via 6-pin connector
The DC input jack can accept power from a separately sold DC power supply. Both a standard temperature range DC power
supply and an extended temperature range DC power supply are available to purchase as accessories.
To power the device via DC Power via the 6-pin connector, remove the attached green terminal block from your router and connect
the external DC power supply to the router’s green DC power jack.
DC power via field terminated power source
If an existing 8-40V DC power supply is available, you can insert the wires into the supplied terminal block to power your router. Use
a flathead screwdriver to tighten the terminal block screws and secure the power wires, making sure the polarity of the wires are
correctly matched, as illustrated below.
Figure 15 - Locking Power Terminal Block
Figure 16 – Terminal block connector
TERMINAL
DESCRIPTION
+
Positive wire for power.
-
Ground wire.
i
Dedicated terminal for ignition detection.
I/O
Three terminals used for input/output detection (refer to the IO
configuration section for more information).
Table 7 - Locking power block pin outs
Viewing power source information
You can view the current power input mode in the Advanced status section of the device’s web user interface. This is useful for
remotely monitoring the device. You can also use the Software Development Kit to access this information for advanced purposes
(e.g. configuring SMS alerts to inform you of the power status of the router).
To view the router’s power source information, log in to the router and expand the Advanced status box on the status page. See
the Status section of this manual for more information on the status page.
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Power consumption
To assist with power consumption planning, the following table summarizes average power consumption during the various states
of the NWL-15 router under normal usage conditions. It’s important to note that this table serves as an indication only as the power
consumed by the device is affected by many variables including signal strength, network type, and network activity.
Average power consumption figures
STATE
POWER CONSUMPTION
Powered on, idle and connected to packet data
1.2W
Powered on, connected to packet data with average
load
2.0W
Powered on, connected to packet data with heavy traffic
4.0W
Peak power draw at maximum 3G module transmission
power
5.0W
Table 8 - Average power consumption figures
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Installation and activation of
the NWL-15 router
Installing the router
After you have mounted the router and connected a power source, follow these steps to complete the installation process.
1. Connect equipment that requires network access to the Ethernet port of your router. This may be your computer for
advanced configuration purposes, or your end equipment which requires data access via the NWL-15 router. You can
connect one device directly, or several devices using a network switch.
2. Ensure the external power source is switched on and wait 2 minutes for your NWL-15 router to start up. To check the
status of your router, compare the LED indicators on the device with those listed on page 8 of this guide.
3. Open a web browser (e.g. Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari), type http://192.168.1.1 into the address bar and press Enter.
The web-based user interface log in screen is displayed.
Figure 17 – Log in prompt for the web-based user interface
4. Enter the login username and password. If this is the first time you are logging in or you have not previously configured the
password for the “root” or “admin” accounts, you can use one of the default account details to log in.
ADMIN MANAGER ACCOUNT
ROOT MANAGER
ACCOUNT
Username:
admin
Username:
root
Password:
admin
Password:
admin
Table 9 - Management account login details
Note: To access all features of the router, you must use the root manager account.
For security reasons, we highly recommend that you change the passwords for the root and admin accounts upon initial
installation. You can do so by navigating via the menu to the System and then Administration page.
5. The Status page is displayed when you log in successfully.
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Activating the router
Before you can use your NWL-15 router, a broadband plan must first be added to it. To add a service to your NWL-15 router,
contact your wireless operator (e.g. Verizon Wireless). You will need to provide the wireless operator with the MEID of your router to
provision a service. The MEID of your router is printed on the box and the label affixed to the bottom of the router. After the wireless
operator has provisioned the service, you may proceed to activate the NWL-15 router on the network.
To perform the activation process:
1. Log in to the router as described above. The Status page is displayed and the router prompts you to activate it by
displaying the following pop-up window:
2.
3. Click the OK button on the pop-up window. The router displays “Programming In Progress”. Wait approximately 2 minutes
for the activation process to complete.
Figure 18: Activation - Programming In Progress
When the activation process is complete, the router displays the Status page. The word Activated appears in the Activation Status
field on the Status page. Your NWL-15 router is now activated and ready for use. For advanced configuration, see the following
sections of this guide.
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Advanced configuration
The NWL-15 router comes with preconfigured settings that should suit most customers. For advanced configuration, log in to the
web-based user interface of the router as described in the previous section. The following sections detail the advanced
configuration options available on the NWL-15 router.
Status
The status page of the web interface provides system related information and is displayed when you log in to the NWL-15 router
management console. The status page shows System information, LAN details, Cellular connection status, Packet data connection
status and Advanced status details. You can toggle the sections from view by clicking the or buttons to show or hide
them. Extra status boxes will appear as additional software features are enabled (e.g. VPN connectivity).
Figure 19 - The Status page
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ITEM
DEFINITION
System information
System up time
The current uptime of the router.
Board version
The hardware version of the router.
Router Serial Number
The serial number of the router.
Software
The software version number running on the router.
Model
The type of phone module and the firmware version of the module.
Firmware
The firmware revision of the phone module.
MDN
The Mobile Directory Number of the router on the network.
LAN
IP
The IP address and subnet mask of the router.
MAC Address
The MAC address of the router.
Ethernet Port Status
Displays the current status of the Ethernet port and its operating speed.
Cellular connection status
Activation Status
Displays the activation status of the router on the carrier network.
Coverage
Indicates the type of coverage being received by the router’s antennas.
Signal strength (dBm)
The current signal strength measured in dBm
Roaming status
The roaming status of the router.
SID / NID
The System ID and Network ID of the router.
MIP IP Address
The Mobile IP Address.
MEID
The mobile equipment identifier (MEID) of the router, a unique code for identifying devices on a CDMA network.
Frequency
The channel that the router is using on the mobile network.
Network Registration Status
The status of the router’s registration for the current network.
WWAN Connection Status
Status
The connection status of the active profile.
IP Type
The type of IP in use. SIP is a Simple IP connection and when moving between cell sectors, the PPP session is torn
down. MIP is a Mobile IP connection which creates an address which is persistent between across cell sectors
allowing the mobile connection to remain connected even when moving between cell sectors.
WWAN IP
The IP address assigned by the mobile broadband carrier network.
DNS server
The primary and secondary DNS servers for the WWAN connection.
Connection uptime
The length of time of the current mobile connection session.
Advanced status
Mobile Country Code
The Mobile Country Code (MCC) of the router.
Mobile Network Code
The Mobile Network Code (MNC) of the router.
Power Input Mode
Displays the router’s power source.
DC Input Voltage
Displays the current voltage of the power input source provided via the DC Input jack
Cell ID
A unique code that identifies the base station from within the location area of the current mobile network signal.
PN (1x) Index
The pseudo-random number index used in encrypting the mobile connection for RTT connections.
PN (1x EVDO) Index
The pseudo-random number index used in encrypting the mobile connection for EVDO connections.
Channel (1x)
The 1x (RTT) channel number in use.
Channel (1x EVDO)
The 1x (EVDO) channel number in use.
Signal quality (Ec/Io)
A measurement of the portion of the received signal that is usable. This is the signal strength minus the signal noise
level.
MIP Profile Information
Displays various details about the profile used to connect to the broadband network.
Table 10 - Status page item details
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Networking
The Networking section provides configuration options for Wireless WAN, LAN, Routing and VPN connectivity.
Data connection
The data connection page allows you to configure and enable/disable the connection profile. To access this page, click on the
Internet menu, and under the Wireless WAN menu, select the Data Connection item.
Figure 20 – Data connection settings
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ITEM
DEFINITION
Transparent Bridge (PPPoE)
Enable
Turns on/off the transparent bridge mode of the router.
Data connection profile settings
Activation Status
Shows whether the router has been activated on the network.
MEID
The mobile equipment identifier (MEID) of the router, a unique code for identifying devices on a CDMA network.
Profile
Toggles the WWAN connection on and off.
User
The CDMA username provided for the router by your carrier.
Password
The CDMA password provided for the router by your carrier.
Authentication Type
The protocol used for authenticating the user on the network.
Reconnect Delay
The time to wait between connection attempts when a connection has been dropped or connection failed.
Reconnect Retries
The number of times to retry to establish a connection when a connection has been dropped or connection failed.
Metric
The metric value is used by the router to prioritise routes. The lower the value, the higher the priority. To give the route
the highest priority, set it to 0.
MTU
The maximum transmission uni (MTU) size. The default value is 1460. You should not change this value unless
instructed to by your network provider.
NAT Masquerading
NAT masquerading, also known simply as NAT is a common routing feature which allows multiple LAN devices to
appear as a single WAN IP via network address translation. In this mode, the router modifies network traffic sent and
received to inform remote computers on the internet that packets originating from a machine behind the router actually
originated from the WAN IP address of the router’s internal NAT IP address.
IP Type
The type of IP in use. SIP is a Simple IP connection and when moving between cell sectors, the PPP session is torn
down. MIP is a Mobile IP connection which creates an address which is persistent between across cell sectors
allowing the mobile connection to remain connected even when moving between cell sectors.
Roaming settings
Allow data roaming
Toggles on/off the ability to roam to networks other than the one the router was activated on.
Table 11 - Data connection item details
If your device has not yet been activated on the carrier network, the activation status and MEID are displayed.
Figure 21 - Device not activated
Refer to the Activating the router section to activate your router on the network.
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Manually configuring a connection profile
To manually configure a connection profile:
1. Click the Profile toggle key to turn the profile ON. Additional settings appear.
Figure 22 - Data connection settings - Profile turned on
2. In the User and Password fields, enter the username and passwords assigned to your account by the carrier.
3. Next to Authentication Type, select CHAP or PAP depending on the type of authentication used by your provider.
4. The Reconnect Delay field specifies the number of seconds to wait between connection attempts. The default setting of
30 seconds is sufficient in most cases but you may modify it to wait up to 65535 seconds if you wish.
5. The Reconnect Retries field specifies the number of times to attempt to connect to the network if the router fails to
establish a connection. It is set to 0 by default which causes the router to attempt to reconnect indefinitely.
6. The Metric value is used by router to prioritise routes (if multiple are available) and is set to 20 by default. This value is
sufficient in most cases but you may modify it if you are aware of the effect your changes will have on the service.
7. The MTU field specifies the maximum transmission unit which is the largest packet or frame that can be sent in a packet or
frame-based network such as the internet. The default value is 1460. This value should only be modified under instruction
from your carrier.
8. Use the NAT Masquerading toggle key to turn NAT Masquerading on or off. NAT masquerading, also known simply as
NAT is a common routing feature which allows multiple LAN devices to appear as a single WAN IP via network address
translation. In this mode, the router modifies network traffic sent and received to inform remote computers on the internet
that packets originating from a machine behind the router actually originated from the WAN IP address of the router’s
internal NAT IP address. This may be disabled if a framed route configuration is required and local devices require WAN IP
addresses.
9. Use the IP Type drop down list to select the type of IP that you want the router to create. SIP Only creates a Simple IP via
Point-to-Point Protocol and if the router moves between cell sectors, the packet data link is lost. MIP Only establishes a
Mobile IP connection using an address which is persistent across cell sectors, allowing the router to move between
sectors without losing the packet data link. MIP Preferred sets the router to use a Mobile IP where possible, but allowing a
Simple IP connection if MIP is not available.
10. Click the Save button when you have finished entering the profile details.
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Confirming a successful connection
After configuring the packet data session, and ensuring that it is enabled, click on the Status menu item at the top of the page to
return to the Status page. When there is a mobile broadband connection, the WWAN section is expanded showing the details of
the connection and the Status field displays Connected. To see details on the connected session, you can click the Show data
usage button.
Figure 23 - Packet data connection status section
Transparently bridging the mobile broadband connection via PPPoE
If desired, you can have a client device connected to the Ethernet port initiate the mobile broadband connection using a PPPoE
session. This is particularly useful in situations where you wish to provide Wireless WAN data access to an existing router which you
want to have full public WAN IP access and have control over routing functionality.
To enable transparent bridging via PPPoE:
1. Click the Networking menu item from the top menu bar.
2. On the Data connection page, click the Transparent bridge (PPPoE) toggle key so that it is ON. You are asked to confirm
enabling PPPoE, click OK. The Transparent Bridge (PPPoE) settings are displayed.
Figure 24 - Transparent bridge configuration
3. In the Dial String field, enter the correct dial string for your carrier.
4. (Optional) In the Service name field, enter a name that allows you to easily identify the connection.
5. Click the Save button to confirm the settings.
6. Click the Status menu item from the top menu bar to see the transparent bridging status.
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Figure 25 - Transparent bridge mode status
7. Next you must configure your downstream device connected via Ethernet to the NWL-15 router to initiate a network
connection through a PPPoE client. The username and password used by the downstream device for the PPPoE session
will be passed on and used by the NWL-15 router as the packet data (PDP) context authentication settings.
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Connect on demand
The Connect on demand feature keeps the Packet Data Protocol (PDP) context deactivated by default while making it appear to
locally connected devices that the router has a permanent connection to the mobile broadband network. When a packet of interest
arrives or an SMS wake-up command is received, the router attempts to establish a mobile broadband data connection. When the
data connection is established, the router monitors traffic and terminates the link when it is idle.
Note: When interesting packets arrive, the recovery time for the wireless WAN connection is approximately 20-30 seconds.
Configuring Connect on demand
To configure Connect on demand:
1. Click the Networking menu item from the top menu bar.
2. On the Connect on demand page, click the Connect on demand toggle key so that it is ON. Extra options appear. See the
following sub-sections for further instructions.
Figure 26 - Connect on demand configuration options
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Setting the router to dial a connection when traffic is detected on specific ports
In some situations, you may wish to have the internet connection disabled except at times when outbound traffic to a particular
external host’s port or range of ports is sent to the router. To use this feature, click Enable dial port filter and enter the port number
or list of port numbers separated by commas. When you select this option, all outbound ICMP/TCP/UDP packets to any remote
host on the specified port(s) will trigger the connection to dial. Note that when this feature is enabled, the options to ignore specific
packet types are not available.
Figure 27 – Connect on demand - Data activity triggered connection
You can allow Microsoft network awareness (NCSI) traffic through but if you prefer that they do not trigger the connection, click the
Ignore Microsoft network awareness (NCSI) traffic toggle key to set it to ON.
Figure 28 - Connect on demand - Ignore NCSI traffic
Excluding certain packet types from triggering the connection to dial
Depending on your environment, you might prefer to exclude certain types of traffic passing through the router from triggering the
data connection. You can tell the router to ignore outbound TCP, UDP or ICMP packets. When any of these options are checked
the router will not dial a connection when that type of outbound destined data packet reaches the router from a locally connected
device.
Figure 29 – Connect on demand - Excluding IP protocols
Excluding certain application types from triggering the connection to dial
Some devices may generate general traffic as a part of normal operation which you may not want to trigger the data connection.
You can set the router to ignore Domain Name System (DNS), Network Time Protocol (NTP) or Microsoft network awareness (NCSI)
traffic from devices behind the router. When you check the box for these options, it tells the router to ignore the request from that
application type and will not dial a connection when this data type is received.
Figure 30 - Connect on demand - Excluding application types
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Setting timers for dial-up and disconnection
The router has a number of timer settings which let you determine when a connection is dialled and when it is disconnected.
Figure 31 – Connect on demand - Connect and disconnect timers
OPTION
DESCRIPTION
On data activity, stay online for at least
When traffic as per the configured settings above appear, the router will either continue to stay
online, or dial a connection and will not disconnect it for the specified time period (min. 1 minute,
max. 1 hour). This timer is continuously reset throughout the duration of a dial-up session, whenever
data activity is detected matching the rules above.
After connecting, stay online for at least
This timer configures the router to not hang-up the connection for the specified time period after
initially dialling the connection. This setting cannot be less than the keep online period above. This
timer affects the connection only once per dial up session, at the beginning of the session.
After hanging up, don’t redial for
After a connection has been disconnected, you can tell the router to rest for a period of time before
re-dialling.
Disconnect regardless of traffic after
Forces the router to disconnect the connection regardless of the traffic passing through it. The
default setting is
never
.
Connect regularly, every / Randomize
connect frequency
If you want to have the router dial a connection at regular intervals, use Connect regularly, every to
specify the interval between dials. Setting this to
never
effectively disables this option.
The router also features the ability to randomize the time at which the first dial action is performed.
This is useful in situations such as where you have numerous routers in an area where a power
outage has occurred. Setting a random dial time helps to reduce network congestion when all the
routers are powered on so they do not all try to connect simultaneously.
When Connect regularly, every is set to at least 2 minutes, you are able to configure the router to
randomize the time it begins to dial. The randomized dial timer only affects the initial dial after the unit
powers on or after the settings are saved. For example, if you configure the router to dial every 2
minutes with a randomized connect frequency of 1 minute, the router waits for the Connect regularly,
every (2 minutes) and then randomly selects a time less than or equal to the Randomize connect
frequency (1 minute). After the randomly selected time has elapsed, the router dials the connection.
After the first dial, the router dials the connection every 2 minutes, ignoring the Randomize connect
frequency value.
Table 12 - Connect on demand - Connect and disconnect timers descriptions
Verbose mode
The router provides the option of logging all the data activity which matches the settings for the Connect on demand feature for
advanced troubleshooting purposes. To enable the logging of the Connect on demand feature, click the Enable verbose mode
toggle key to switch it ON. See the System log section for more information.
Figure 32 – Connect on demand - Verbose logging configuration
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Manually connecting/disconnecting
There may be times when you need to either force a connection to be made or force a disconnection manually. You can use the
Manual connect and Manual disconnect buttons to do this whenever necessary. The online status of the connection is displayed
above the buttons.
Figure 33 - Connect on demand - Online/Offline control
When you have finished configuring the options for the Connect on demand feature, click the Save button at the bottom to save
your changes.
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Operator settings
The operator settings page lets you configure the roaming preference and mode of the radio.
Figure 34 - Band Settings
Band selection
The band selection drop down list provides the ability to select either the A side or B side of the cellular band on which your router is
operating. In most cases, the Auto setting is sufficient as it automatically selects the best side of the band in your area. You should
not change this setting from the default Auto setting unless you are instructed to by your carrier.
Mode preference
The Mode Preference drop down list allows you to select the radio transmission technology used for network access. This affects
the quality and speed of network access. The default setting of Hybrid is appropriate for most users as it automatically selects the
fastest network. If you need to restrict the router to a particular mode, select either 1x Only or HDR Only as per your requirements.
OPTION
DESCRIPTION
1x Only
This is also known as “1xRTT” or 1 times Radio Transmission Technology. It is the version of CDMA2000 radio technology
that operates in a pair (transmit and receive) of 1.25 MHz radio channels. It is sometimes referred to as 2.5G
HDR Only
Refers to “1xEVDO” which is also known as Evolution Data Only. This is the third-generation broadband wireless packet data
technology optimized for high-speed mobile data.
Hybrid
Automatically selects the best mode for your router based on the signal being received, with preference given to 1xEVDO over
1xRTT. When 1xEVDO is unavailable, the router falls back to 1xRTT mode.
Table 13 - Band selection options
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LAN
LAN configuration
The LAN configuration page is used to configure the LAN settings of the router and to enable or disable DNS Masquerading.
Figure 35 – LAN configuration settings
The default IP of the Ethernet port is 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask 255.255.255.0. To change the IP address or Subnet mask,
enter the new IP Address and/or Subnet mask and click the Save button.
Note: If you change the IP address, remember to reboot the router and enter the new IP address into your browser
address bar.
DNS masquerading
DNS masquerading allows the router to proxy DNS requests from LAN clients to dynamically assigned DNS servers. When enabled,
clients on the router’s LAN can then use the router as a DNS server without needing to know the dynamically assigned cellular
network DNS servers.
With DNS masquerading ON, the DHCP server embedded in the NWL-15 router hands out its own IP address (e.g. 192.168.1.1) as
the DNS server address to LAN clients. The downstream clients then send DNS requests to the NWL-15 router which proxies them
to the upstream DNS servers.
With DNS masquerading OFF, the DHCP server hands out the upstream DNS server IP addresses to downstream clients directly,
so that downstream clients send DNS requests directly to the upstream DNS servers without being proxied by the NWL-15 router.
You may also override the DNS Masquerading option by specifying custom DNS Server IP addresses in the DHCP Server
configuration mentioned in the next section of this guide. In this case the DHCP server assigns downstream devices the manually
configured addresses and the DNS Masquerading option is ignored.
In most cases, it is not necessary to disable DNS masquerading but if you need to, click the DNS masquerading toggle key to turn it
OFF and then click the Save button.
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DHCP
The DHCP page is used to adjust the settings used by the router’s built in DHPC Server which assigns IP addresses to locally
connected devices.
Figure 36 - DHCP Configuration
DHCP relay configuration
In advanced networks configurations where the NWL-15 router should not be responsible for DHCP assignment, but instead an
existing DHCP server is located on the Wireless WAN connection, the clients behind the NWL-15 router are able to communicate
with the DHCP server when DHCP relay is enabled. This enables the NWL-15 router to accept client broadcast messages and to
forward them onto another subnet.
To configure the router to act as a DHCP relay agent click the DHCP Relay toggle key to turn it ON and enter the DHCP server
address into the DHCP Server Address field. DHCP relay is disabled by default.
Figure 37 – DHCP relay configuration
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DHCP configuration
You can manually set the start and end address range to be used to automatically assign addresses within, the lease time of the
assigned address, the default domain name suffix, primary and secondary DNS server, the primary and secondary WINS server, as
well as the advanced DHCP settings such as NTP, TFTP and Option 150/Option 160 (VoIP options).
Figure 38 - DHCP configuration
OPTION
DESCRIPTION
DHCP Start Range
Sets the first IP address of the DHCP range
DHCP End Range
Sets the last IP address of the DHCP range
DHCP Lease Time (seconds)
The length of time in seconds that DHCP allocated IP addresses are valid
Default Domain Name Suffix
Specifies the default domain name suffix for the DHCP clients. A domain name suffix enables users
to access a local server, for example, server1, without typing the full domain name
server1.domain.com
DNS Server 1 IP Address
Specifies the primary DNS (Domain Name System) server’s IP address.
DNS Server 2 IP Address
Specifies the secondary DNS (Domain Name System) server’s IP address.
WINS Server 1 IP Address
Specifies the primary WINS (Windows Internet Name Service) server IP address
WINS Server 2 IP Address
Specifies the secondary WINS (Windows Internet Name Service) server IP address
NTP Server (Option 42)
Specifies the IP address of the NTP (Network Time Protocol) server
TFTP Server (Option 66)
Specifies the TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server
DHCP Option 150
This is used to configure Cisco IP phones. When a Cisco IP phone starts, if it is not pre-configured
with the IP address and TFTP address, it sends a request to the DHCP server to obtain this
information. Specify the string which will be sent as a reply to the option 150 request.
DHCP Option 160
This is used to configure Polycom IP phones. When a Polycom IP phone starts, if it is not preconfigured with the IP address and TFTP address, it sends a request to the DHCP server to obtain
this information. Specify the string which will be sent as a reply to the option 160 request.
Enter the desired DHCP options and click the Save button.
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Address reservation list
DHCP clients are dynamically assigned an IP address as they connect, but you can reserve an address for a particular device using
the address reservation list.
Figure 39 – DHCP – Address reservation list
To add a device to the address reservation list:
1. Click the +Add button.
2. In the Computer Name field enter a name for the device.
3. In the MAC Address field, enter the device’s MAC address.
4. In the IP Address fields, enter the IP address that you wish to reserve for the device.
5. If the Enable toggle key is not set to ON, click it to switch it to the ON position.
6. Click the Save button to save the settings.
Dynamic DHCP client list
The Dynamic DHCP client list displays a list of the DHCP clients. If you want to reserve the current IP address for future use, click
the Clone button and the details will be copied to the address reservation list fields. Remember to click the Save button under the
Address reservation list section to confirm the configuration.
Figure 40 - Dynamic DHCP client list
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Routing
Static
Static routing is the alternative to dynamic routing used in more complex network scenarios and is used to facilitate communication
between devices on different networks. Static routing involves configuring the routers in your network with all the information
necessary to allow the packets to be forwarded to the correct destination. If you change the IP address of one of the devices in the
static route, the route will be broken.
Figure 41 - Static routing list
Some routes are added by default by the router on initialization such as the Ethernet subnet route for routing to a device on the
Ethernet subnet.
Adding Static Routes
To add a new route to the static routing list, click the +Add button. The Static routes page appears.
1. In the Route name field, type a name for the route so that it can be identified in the static routing list.
2. From the Network interface drop down list, select the interface for which you would like to create a static route.
3. In the Destination IP address field, enter the IP address of the destination of the route.
4. In the IP subnet mask field, enter the subnet mask of the route.
5. In the Gateway IP address field, enter the IP address of the gateway that will facilitate the route.
6. In the Metric field enter the metric for the route. The metric value is used by the router to prioritise routes. The lower the
value, the higher the priority. To give the route the highest priority, set it to 0.
7. Click the Save button to save your settings.
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Figure 42 - Adding a static route
Active routing list
Static routes are displayed in the Active routing list.
Figure 43 - Active routing list
Deleting static routes
From the static routing list, click the icon to the right of the entry you wish to delete.
Figure 44 - Deleting a static route
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RIP
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is used for advertising routes to other routers. Thus all the routes in the router’s routing table will
be advertised to other nearby routers. For example, the route for the router’s Ethernet subnet could be advertised to a router on the
PPP interface side so that a router on this network will know how to route to a device on the router’s Ethernet subnet. Static routes
must be added manually according to your requirements. See Adding Static Routes.
Note: Some routers will ignore RIP.
Figure 45 - RIP configuration
To enable Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
1. Click the RIP toggle key to switch it to the ON position.
2. Using the Version drop down list, select the version of RIP that you would like to use.
3. Click the Save button to confirm your settings.
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VRRP
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is a non-proprietary redundancy protocol designed to increase the availability of the
default gateway servicing hosts on the same subnet. This increased reliability is achieved by advertising a “virtual router” (an
abstract representation of master and backup routers acting as a group) as a default gateway to the host(s) instead of one physical
router. Two or more physical routers are then configured to stand for the virtual router, with only one doing the actual routing at any
given time. If the current physical router that is routing the data on behalf of the virtual router fails, an arrangement is made for
another physical router to automatically replace it. The physical router that is currently forwarding data on behalf of the virtual router
is called the master router.
Master routers have a priority of 255 and backup router(s) can have a priority between 1 and 254.
A virtual router must use 00-00-5E-00-01-XX as its (MAC) address. The last byte of the address (XX) is the Virtual Router Identifier
(VRID), which is different for each virtual router in the network. This address is used by only one physical router at a time, and is the
only way that other physical routers can identify the master router within a virtual router.
Figure 46 - VRRP configuration
To configure VRRP, configure multiple devices as follows and connect them all via an Ethernet network switch to downstream
devices.
1. Click the Redundancy (VRRP) toggle key to activate VRRP.
2. In the Virtual ID field, enter an ID between 1 and 255. This is the VRRP ID which is different for each virtual router on the
network.
3. In the Router Priority field, enter a value for the priority – a higher value is a higher priority.
4. The Virtual IP Address field is used to specify the VRRP IP address – this is the virtual IP address that both virtual routers
share.
5. Click the Save button to save the new settings.
Note: Configuring VRRP changes the MAC address of the Ethernet port and therefore if you want to resume with the web
configuration you must use the new IP address (VRRP IP) or on a command prompt type:
arp –d <ip address>
(i.e.
arp –d 192.168.1.1)
to clear the arp cache.(old MAC address).
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Port Forwarding
The Port forwarding list is used to configure the Network Address Translation (NAT) rules currently in effect on the router.
Figure 47 – Port forwarding list
The purpose of the port forwarding feature is to allow mapping of inbound requests to a specific port on the WAN IP address to a
device connected on the Ethernet interface.
Adding a port forwarding rule
To create a new port forwarding rule:
1. Click the +Add button. The port forwarding settings screen is displayed.
2. Use the Protocol drop down list to select the type of protocol you want to use for the rule. The protocols selections
available are TCP, UDP and All.
3. In the Source IP Address field, enter a “friendly” address that is allowed to access the router or a wildcard IP address
(0.0.0.0) that allows all IP addresses to access the router.
4. The Source Port Range (From) and (To) fields are used to specify the port(s) on the source side that are to be forwarded.
This allows you to send a range of consecutive port numbers by entering the first in the range in the (From) field and the
last in the range in the (To) field. To forward a single port, enter the port in the (From) field and repeat it in the (To) field.
5. In the Destination network address field, enter the IP address of the client to which the traffic should be forwarded.
6. The Destination Port Range (From) and (To) fields are used to specify the port(s) on the destination side that are to be
forwarded. If the Source port range specifies a single port then the destination port may be configured to any port. If the
Source port range specifies a range of port numbers then the Destination port range must be the same as the Source port
range.
7. Click the Save button to confirm your settings.
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Figure 48 - Port forwarding settings
To delete a port forwarding rule, click the button on the Port forwarding list for the corresponding rule that you would like to
delete.
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DMZ
The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) allows you to configure all incoming traffic on all protocols to be forwarded to a selected device
behind the router. This feature can be used to avoid complex port forwarding rules, but it exposes the device to untrusted networks
as there is no filtering of what traffic is allowed and what is denied.
The DMZ configuration page is used to specify the IP Address of the device to use as the DMZ host.
Figure 49 - DMZ configuration
1. Click the DMZ toggle key to turn the DMZ function ON.
2. Enter the IP Address of the device to be the DMZ host into the DMZ IP Address field.
3. Click the Save button to save your settings.
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Router firewall
The Router firewall page is used to enable or disable the in-built firewall on the router. When enabled, the firewall performs stateful
packet inspection on inbound traffic from the wireless WAN and blocks all unknown services, that is, all services not listed on the
Services configuration page of the router.
With respect to the other Routing options on the Internet page, the firewall takes a low priority. The priority of the firewall can be
described as:
DMZ > MAC/IP/Port filtering rules > MAC/IP/Port filtering default rule > Router firewall rules
In other words, the firewall is of the lowest priority when compared to other manual routing configurations. Therefore, a MAC/IP/Port
filtering rule takes priority in the event that there is a conflict of rules. When DMZ is enabled, MAC/IP/Port filtering rules and the
router firewall are ignored but the router will still honor the configuration of the Remote router access control settings listed under
Administration Settings.
Figure 50 - Router Firewall toggle key
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MAC / IP / Port filtering
The MAC/IP/Port filter feature allows you apply a policy to the traffic that passes through the router, both inbound and outbound, so
that network access can be controlled. When the filter is enabled with a default rule of “Accepted”, all connections will be allowed
except those listed in the “Current MAC / IP / Port filtering rules in system” list. Conversely, when the default rule is set to
“Dropped”, all connections are denied except for those listed in the filtering rules list.
Figure 51 - MAC / IP / Port filtering
Note: When enabling MAC / IP / Port filtering and setting the default rule to “Dropped”, you should ensure that you have
first added a filtering rule which allows at least one known MAC/IP to access the router, otherwise you will not be able to
access the user interface of the router without resetting the router to factory default settings.
Creating a MAC / IP / Port filtering rule
To create a filtering rule:
1. Click the MAC / IP / Port filtering toggle key to switch it to the ON position.
2. Using the Default Rule (inbound/forward) drop down list, select the default action for the router to take when traffic reaches
it. By default, this is configured to Accepted. If you change this to Dropped, you should first configure a filter rule that
allows at least one device access to the router, otherwise you will effectively be locked out of the router.
3. Click the Save button to confirm the default rule.
4. In the Current MAC / IP / Port filtering rules in system section, click the +Add button.
Figure 52 - Current MAC / IP/ Port filtering rules in effect
5. Enter the details of the rule in the section that is displayed and click the Save button.
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Figure 53 - MAC / IP / Port filtering settings
OPTION
DESCRIPTION
Bound
Use the drop down list to select the direction of the traffic for which you want to apply to the rule.
Inbound refers to all traffic that is entering the router including data entering from the WAN and the
LAN. Outbound refers to all traffic exiting the router including traffic leaving in the direction of the
WAN and traffic leaving in the direction of the LAN. Forward specifies traffic that enters on the LAN or
WAN side and is forwarded to the opposite end.
Protocol
Use the drop down list to select the protocol for the rule. You can have the rule apply to All
protocols, TCP, UDP, UDP/TCP or ICMP.
MAC Address
Enter the MAC address in six groups of two hexadecimal digits separated by colons (:). e.g.
00:40:F4:CE:FA:1E
Source IP Address
Enter the IPv4 address that the traffic originates from and the subnet mask using CIDR notation.
Source Port Range (From) – (To)
Only appears for TCP, UDP and UDP/TCP options. Use these fields to specify a port or range of
ports from the source side to use for the rule. To specify a single port, repeat it in both the (From)
and (To) fields.
Destination IP Address
Enter the IPv4 address that the traffic is destined for and the subnet mask using CIDR notation.
Destination Port Range (From) – (To)
Only appears for TCP, UDP and UDP/TCP options. Use these fields to specify a port or range of
ports on the destination side to use for the rule. To specify a single port, repeat it in both the (From)
and (To) fields.
Action
Select the action to take for traffic which meets the above criteria. You can choose to Accept or Drop
packets. When the default rule is set to Accept, you cannot create a rule with an Accept action since
the rule is redundant. Likewise, if the default rule is set to Dropped you cannot create a rule with a
Drop action.
Comment
[Optional] Use this field to enter a comment as a meaningful description of the rule.
Table 14 - Current MAC / IP / Port filtering rules in effect
6. The new rule is displayed in the filtering rules list. You can edit the rule by clicking the Edit button or delete the rule by
clicking the button.
Figure 54 - Completed filtering rule
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VPN
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a tunnel providing a private link between two networks or devices over a public network. Data to
be sent via a VPN needs to be encapsulated and as such is generally not visible to the public network.
The advantages of a VPN connection include:
Data Protection
Access Control
Data Origin Authentication
Data Integrity
Each VPN connection has different configuration requirements. The following pages detail the configuration options available for the
different VPN connection types.
Note: The following descriptions are an overview of the various VPN options available. More detailed instructions are
available in separate whitepapers on the NetComm Wireless website.
IPSec
IPSec operates on Layer 3 of the OSI model and as such can protect higher layered protocols. IPSec is used for both site to site
VPN and Remote Access VPN. The NWL-15 router supports IPsec end points and can be configured with Site to Site VPN tunnels
with third party VPN routers.
Configuring an IPSec VPN
From the menu at the top of the screen, click Networking and under the VPN section, click IPSec. A list of configured IPSec VPN
connections is displayed.
Figure 55 - IPSec VPN List
Click the +Add button to begin configuring an IPSec VPN connection.
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Figure 56 – IPSec profile edit
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The following table describes each of the fields of the IPSec VPN Connection Settings page.
ITEM
DEFINITION
IPSec Profile
Enables or disables the VPN profile.
Profile Name
A name used to identify the VPN connection profile.
Remote IPSec Server Address
The IP address of the IPSec server.
Remote LAN Address
Enter the IP address of the remote network for use on the VPN connection.
Remote LAN Subnet Mask
Enter the subnet mask in use on the remote network.
Local LAN Address
Enter the IP address of the local network for use on the VPN connection.
Local LAN Subnet Mask
Enter the subnet mask in use on the local network.
Encapsulation Type
Select the encapsulation protocol to use with the VPN connection. You can choose ESP, AH or Any.
IKE Mode
Select the IKE mode to use with the VPN connection. You can choose Main, Aggressive or Any.
PFS
Choose whether Perfect Forward Secrecy is ON or OFF for the VPN connection.
IKE Encryption
Select the cipher type to use for the Internet Key Exchange.
IKE Hash
Select the IKE Hash type to use for the VPN connection. The hash is used for authentication of packets for the key
exchange.
IPSec Encryption
Select the IPSec encryption type to use with the VPN connection.
IPSec Hash
Select the IPSec hash type to use for the VPN connection. The hash is used for authentication of packets for the VPN
connection.
DH Group
Select the desired Diffie-Hellman group to use. Higher groups are more secure but also require longer to generate a key.
DPD Action
Select the desired Dead Peer Detection action. This is the action to take when a dead Internet Key Exchange Peer is
detected.
DPD Keep Alive Time
Enter the time in seconds for the interval between Dead Peer Detection keep alive messages.
DPD Timeout
Enter the time in seconds of no response from a peer before Dead Peer Detection times out.
IKE Rekey Time
Enter the time in seconds between changes of the encryption key. To disable changing the key, set this to 0.
SA Life Time
Enter the time in seconds for the security association lifetime.
Key Mode
Select the type of key mode in use for the VPN connection. You can select from:
1. Pre Shared Key
2. RSA keys
3. Certificates
Pre-shared Key
The pre-shared key is the key that peers used to authenticate each other for Internet Key Exchange.
Remote ID
Specifies the domain name of the remote network.
Local ID
Specifies the domain name of the local network.
Update Time
Displays the last time the key was updated.
Local RSA Key Upload
Select the RSA key file for the local router here by clicking the Browse button.
Remote RSA Key Upload
Select the RSA key file for the remote router here by clicking the Browse button.
Private key Passphrase
The Private key passphrase of the router is the passphrase used when generating the router’s private key using
OpenSSL CA.
Key / Certificate
Select the type of key or certificate to use for authentication. You can select Local private key, Local public certificate,
Remote public certificate, CA certificate, CRL certificate.
IPSec Certificate Upload
Select the IPSec certificate to upload by clicking the Browse button.
Table 15 - IPSec Configuration Items
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OpenVPN
OpenVPN is an open source virtual private network (VPN) program for creating point-to-point or server-to-multi-client encrypted
tunnels between host computers. It can traverse network address translation (NAT) and firewalls and allows authentication by
certificate, pre-shared key or username and password. OpenVPN works well through proxy servers and can run over TCP and UDP
transports. Support for OpenVPN is available on several operating systems, including Windows®, Linux, Mac OS®, Solaris,
OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD and QNX.
Configuring an Open VPN server
From the menu at the top of the screen, click Networking and from the VPN section on the left, click OpenVPN. A list of configured
OpenVPN VPN connections is displayed.
Figure 57 - OpenVPN VPN List
Click the +Add button for the type of OpenVPN server/client you would like to configure.
OpenVPN server
To configure an OpenVPN Server:
1. Click the OpenVPN profile toggle key to switch it to the ON position.
2. In the Profile Name field, type a name for the OpenVPN server profile you are creating.
3. Use the Type drop down list to select the interface type for the OpenVPN Server. The TAP virtual interface is used to
transport IP, non-IP or IPv6 traffic. It simulates a data link layer device (i.e. bridge) and operates with layer 2 frames such
as Ethernet frames. The TUN virtual interface transports IP traffic only. It simulates a network layer device (i.e. router) and
operates with layer 3 packets.
4. Use the Server port field to select a port number and then use the drop down list to select a packet type to use for your
OpenVPN Server. The default OpenVPN port is 1194 and default packet type is UDP.
5. In the VPN network address and VPN network subnet mask fields, enter the IP address and network subnet mask to
assign to your VPN. This is ideally an internal IP address which differs from your existing address scheme.
6. Next to Diffie-Hellman parameters, select the number of bits to use and then click the Generate button. This will create an
encryption key to secure your OpenVPN connection.
7. Under Server Certificates, enter the required details. All fields must be completed. The Country field must consist of two
characters only. When the details have been entered, click the Generate CA certificate button to generate the Certificate
Authority (CA) certificate based on this information.
8. Under the Server certificates section, select the Authentication type that you would like to use for the OpenVPN Server.
Note: The time required to generate Diffie-Hellman parameters varies based on the number of bits selected. For example, if
1024 bits is selected, the router can take approximately 1 hour to generate the parameters. Please be patient.
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Certificate authentication
In the Certificate Management section, enter the required details to create a client certificate. All fields are required. When you have
finished entering the details, click the Generate button.
Figure 58 - OpenVPN server configuration – Certificate management
When it is done, you can click the Download P12 button or the Download TGZ button to save the certificate file depending on
which format you would like. If for some reason the integrity of your network has been compromised, you can return to this screen
and use the Certificate drop down list to select the certificate and then press the Revoke button to disable it.
Optional: To inform the OpenVPN server of the network address scheme of the currently selected certificate, enter the network
address and network subnet mask in the respective fields and click the Set network information button. If you do not enter the
remote subnet here, any packet requests from the server to the client will not be received by the client network because it is not
aware of the remote client’s subnet.
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Figure 59 – OpenVPN server profile settings
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Username / Password authentication
In the Username/Password section, enter the username and password you would like to use for authentication on the OpenVPN
Server. Click the Download CA TGZ button or the Download CA certificate button to save the certificate file depending on the
certificate format you require. This file will need to be provided to the client.
Note: If you wish to have more than one client connect to this OpenVPN server, you must use Certificate authentication
mode as Username/Password only allows for a single client connection.
Figure 60 - OpenVPN Server – Username / Password section
Optional: To inform the OpenVPN server of the network address scheme of the currently selected certificate, enter the network
address and network subnet mask in the respective fields and click the Set Network Information button. If you do not enter the
remote subnet here, any packet requests from the server to the client will not be received by the client network because it is not
aware of the remote client’s subnet.
When you have finished entering all the required information, click Save to finish configuring the OpenVPN server.
Configuring an OpenVPN client
1. Click the OpenVPN profile toggle key to switch it to the ON position.
2. In the Profile name field, type a name for the OpenVPN client profile you are creating.
3. In the Server IP address field, type the WAN IP address of the OpenVPN server.
4. Use the Type drop down list to select the interface type for the OpenVPN Server. The TAP virtual interface is used to
transport IP, non-IP or IPv6 traffic. It simulates a data link layer device (i.e. bridge) and operates with layer 2 frames such
as Ethernet frames. The TUN virtual interface transports IP traffic only. It simulates a network layer device (i.e. router) and
operates with layer 3 packets.
5. Use the Server port field to select a port number and then use the drop down list to select a packet type to use for the
OpenVPN server. The default OpenVPN port is 1194 and default packet type is UDP.
6. If the Default gateway option is applied on the OpenVPN client page, the OpenVPN server will enable connections to be
made to other client networks connected to it. If it is not selected, the OpenVPN connection allows for secure
communication links between this router and the remote OpenVPN server only.
7. Use the Authentication type options to select the Authentication type that you would like to use for the OpenVPN client.
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Certificate authentication
In the Certificate upload section at the bottom of the screen, click the Browse button and locate the certificate file you downloaded
when you configured the OpenVPN server. When it has been selected, click the Upload button to send it to the router.
Figure 61 - OpenVPN client - Certificate upload
Username / Password authentication
Enter the username and password to authenticate with the OpenVPN server.
Figure 62 - OpenVPN Client - Username/Password section
Use the Browse button to locate the CA certificate file you saved from the OpenVPN Server and then press the Upload button to
send it to the router.
Click the Save button to complete the OpenVPN Client configuration.
Certicate and Username / Password
This mode allows you to use both a certificate and username / password for authentication.
Configuring an OpenVPN P2P connection
To configure an OpenVPN peer-to-peer connection:
1. Set the OpenVPN profile toggle key to switch it to the ON position.
2. In the Profile name field, type a name for the OpenVPN P2P profile you are creating.
3. On the router designated as the master, leave the Server IP address field empty. On the router designated as the slave,
enter the WAN IP address of the master.
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Figure 63 - OpenVPN P2P mode settings
4. Use the Server port field to select a port number and then use the drop down list to select a packet type to use for the
OpenVPN server. The default OpenVPN port is 1194 and default packet type is UDP.
5. In the Local IP Address and Remote IP Address fields, enter the respective local and remote IP addresses to use for the
OpenVPN tunnel. The slave should have the reverse settings of the master.
6. Under the Remote network section, enter the network Address and network Subnet mask. The Network Address and
Network Mask fields inform the Master node of the LAN address scheme of the slave.
7. Press the Generate button to create a secret key to be shared with the slave. When the timestamp appears, you can click
the Download button to save the file to exchange with the other router.
8. When you have saved the secret key file on each router, use the Browse button to locate the secret key file for the master
and then press the Upload button to send it to the slave. Perform the same for the other router, uploading the slave’s
secret key file to master.
9. When they are uploaded click the Save button to complete the peer-to-peer OpenVPN configuration.
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PPTP client
The Point-to-Point Tunnelling Protocol (PPTP) is a method for implementing virtual private networks using a TCP and GRE tunnel to
encapsulate PPP packets. PPTP operates on Layer 2 of the OSI model and is included on Windows computers.
Configuring the PPTP client
To configure the PPTP client:
1. From the menu bar at the top of the screen, click Networking and then from the VPN section on the left side of the screen,
click PPTP client. The PPTP client list is displayed.
Figure 64 - PPTP client list
2. Click the +Add button to begin configuring a new PPTP client profile. The PPTP client edit screen is displayed.
Figure 65 - VPN PPTP client edit
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3. Click the Enable PPTP client toggle key to switch it to the ON position.
4. In the Profile name list, enter a profile name for the tunnel. This may be anything you like and is used to identify the tunnel
on the router.
5. Use the Username and Password fields to enter the username and password for the PPTP account.
6. In the PPTP server address field, enter the IP address of the PPTP server.
7. From the Authentication type drop down list, select the Authentication type used on the server. If you do not know the
authentication method used, select any and the router will attempt to determine the correct authentication type for you.
There are 5 authentication types you can choose from:
CHAP – uses a three way handshake to authenticate the identity of a client.
MS-CHAP v1 – This is the Microsoft implementation of the Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol for which
support was dropped in Windows® Vista.
MS-CHAP v2 - This is the Microsoft implementation of the Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol which was
introduced in Windows® NT 4.0 and is still supported today.
PAP – The Password Authentication Protocol uses a password as a means of authentication and as such, is
commonly supported. PAP is not recommended because it transmits passwords unencrypted and is not secure.
EAP – Extensible Authentication Protocol. An Authentication protocol commonly used in wireless networks.
8. The metric value helps the router to prioritise routes and must be a number between 0 and 65535. The default value is 30
and should not be modified unless you are aware of the effect your changes will have.
9. The Use peer DNS option allows you to select whether the remote clients will use the Domain Name Server of the PPTP
server. Click the toggle key to set this to ON or OFF as required.
10. NAT masquerading allows the router to modify the packets sent and received to inform remote computers on the internet
that packets originating from a machine behind the router actually originated from the WAN IP address of the router’s
internal NAT IP address. Click the toggle key to switch this to the ON position if you want to use this feature.
11. Set default route to PPTP sets all outbound data packets to go out through the PPTP tunnel. Click the toggle key to
switch this to the ON position if you want to use this feature.
12. Select whether to use MPPE. MPPE stands for Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption and is used to encrypt data across the
virtual private network. The MPPE option is enabled by default.
13. The Verbose logging option sets the router to output detailed logs regarding the PPTP connection in the System Log
section of the router interface.
14. The Reconnect delay is the time in seconds that the router will wait before attempting to connect to the PPTP server in the
event that the connection is broken. The minimum time to wait is 30 seconds so as to not flood the PPTP server with
connection requests, while the maximum time to wait is 65335 seconds.
15. The Reconnect retries is the number of connection attempts that the router will make in the event that the PPTP
connection goes down. If set to 0, the router will retry the connection indefinitely, otherwise the maximum number of times
to retry cannot be greater than 65335.
16. Click the Save button to save the changes. The VPN will attempt to connect after your click Save. Click the Status button
at the top left of the interface to return to the status window and monitor the VPN’s connection state.
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GRE tunnelling
The Generic Route Encapsulation (GRE) protocol is used in addition to Point-to-Point Tunnelling Protocol (PPTP) to create VPNs
(virtual private networks) between clients and servers or between clients only. Once a PPTP control session establishes the VPN
tunnel GRE is used to securely encapsulate the data or payload.
Configuring GRE tunnelling
To configure GRE tunnelling:
1. From the menu bar at the top of the screen, click Networking and then from the VPN section on the left side of the screen,
click GRE. The GRE client list is displayed.
Figure 66 - GRE client list
2. Click the +Add button to begin configuring a new GRE tunnelling client profile. The GRE Client Edit screen is displayed.
Figure 67 – GRE client edit
3. Click the Enable GRE Tunnel toggle key to switch it to the ON position.
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4. In the Profile name, enter a profile name for the tunnel. This may be anything you like and is used to identify the tunnel on
the router.
5. In the GRE Server Address field, enter the IP address of the GRE server.
6. In the Local Tunnel Address field, enter the IP address you want to assign the tunnel locally.
7. In the Remote Tunnel Address field, enter the IP address you want to assign to the remote tunnel.
8. In the Remote Network Address field, enter the IP address scheme of the remote network.
9. In the Remote Network/Mask field, enter the subnet mask of the remote network.
10. The TTL (Time To Live) field is an 8-bit field used to remove an undeliverable data packet from a network to avoid
unnecessary network traffic across the internet. The default value of 255 is the upper limit on the time that an IP datagram
can exist. The value is reduced by at least one for each hop the data packet takes to the next router on the route to the
datagram’s destination. If the TTL field reaches zero before the datagram arrives at its destination the data packet is
discarded and an error message is sent back to the sender.
11. The Verbose logging option sets the router to output detailed logs regarding the GRE tunnel in the System Log section of
the router interface.
12. The Reconnect delay is the time in seconds that the router will wait before attempting to connect to the GRE server in the
event that the connection is broken. The minimum time to wait is 30 seconds so as to not flood the GRE server with
connection requests, while the maximum time to wait is 65335 seconds.
13. The Reconnect retries is the number of connection attempts that the router will make in the event that the GRE connection
goes down. If set to 0, the router will retry the connection indefinitely, otherwise the maximum number of times to retry
cannot be greater than 65335.
14. Click the Save button to save the changes. The VPN will attempt to connect after your click Save. Click the Status button
at the top left of the interface to return to the status window and monitor the VPN’s connection state.
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Services
Dynamic DNS
The DDNS page is used to configure the Dynamic DNS feature of the router. A number of Dynamic DNS hosts are available from
which to select.
Figure 68 – Dynamic DNS settings
Dynamic DNS provides a method for the router to update an external name server with the current WAN IP address.
To configure dynamic DNS:
1. Click the DDNS configuration toggle key to switch it to the ON position.
2. From the Dynamic DNS drop down list, select the Dynamic DNS service that you wish to use. The available DDNS services
available are:
www.dhs.org
www.dyndns.org
www.dyns.cx
www.easydns.com
www.justlinux.com
www.ods.org
www.tzo.com
www.zoneedit.com
3. In the Username and Password fields, enter the logon credentials for your DDNS account. Enter the password for the
account again in the Verify password field.
4. Click the Save button to save the DDNS configuration settings.
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Network time (NTP)
The NTP (Network Time Protocol) settings page allows you to configure the NWL-15 router to synchronize its internal clock with a
global Internet Time server and specify the time zone for the location of the router. This provides an accurate timekeeping function
for features such as System Log entries and Firewall settings where the current system time is displayed and recorded.
Any NTP server available publicly on the internet may be used. The default NTP server is 0.netcomm.pool.ntp.org.
Figure 69 - NTP settings
Configuring Timezone settings
To configure time zone settings:
1. The Current time field shows the time and date configured on the router. If this is not accurate, use the Time zone drop
down list to select the correct time zone for the router. If the selected zone observes daylight savings time, a Daylight
savings time schedule link appears below the drop down list. Click the link to see the start and end times for daylight
savings.
2. When you have selected the correct time zone, click the Save button to save the settings.
Configuring NTP settings
To configure NTP settings:
1. Click the Network time (NTP) toggle key to switch it to the ON position.
2. In the NTP service field, enter the address of the NTP server you wish to use.
3. The Synchronization on WWAN connection toggle key enables or disables the router from performing a synchronization of
the time each time a mobile broadband connection is established.
4. The Daily synchronization toggle key enables or disables the router from performing a synchronization of the time each
day.
5. When you have finished configuring NTP settings, click the Save button to save the settings.
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Data stream manager
The data stream manager provides you with the ability to create mappings between two endpoints on the router. These endpoints
may be physical or virtual, for example, the built-in serial port could be configured as an endpoint or you could configure a TCP
Server as an endpoint. You can then configure a virtual data tunnel or “stream” between the endpoints.
The data stream manager provides a wide range of possibilities and expands upon simple PAD functionality to include the
forwarding and translation of data between any of the endpoints. For example, you could send the GPS data received by the
module (in NMEA format) through a serial port (by means of a USB-to-Serial cable). In each case, the logical flow of data is from
Endpoint A to Endpoint B.
Customers interested in developing their own applications to create custom endpoints and streams can contact NetComm Wireless
about our Software Development Kit.
Endpoints
The first thing to be done in order to create a data stream is to define the endpoints. There are 6 types of endpoint that may be
configured:
Serial port (generic)
TCP Server
TCP Client
UDP Server
UDP Client
GPS Data (for devices with GPS receiver)
Figure 70 - Endpoints list
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To create an endpoint:
1. Click the +Add button on the right side of the page. A pop-up window appears.
Figure 71 - Creating an endpoint
2. In the Endpoint name field, type a name for this endpoint. The name can contain alphanumeric characters only i.e. A-Z, a-
z, 0-9.
3. Use the Endpoint types drop down list to select the type of endpoint to configure.
Serial port (generic): This creates a generic serial port as an endpoint defaulting to the commonly used settings as shown
below.
Figure 72 - Serial port (generic) endpoint configuration
TCP server: This creates a TCP server endpoint with the following options available.
Figure 73 - TCP server endpoint configuration
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TCP client: This creates a TCP client endpoint with the following options available. The retry timeout period specifies the
number of seconds to wait between attempts to re-establish a connection in the event that it is lost. The client will attempt
re-connection indefinitely every Retry timeout interval.
Figure 74 - TCP client endpoint configuration
UDP server: This creates a UDP server endpoint with the following options available.
Figure 75 - UDP server endpoint configuration
UDP client: This creates a UDP client endpoint with the following options available. The retry timeout period specifies the
number of seconds to wait between attempts to re-establish a connection in the event that it is lost. The client will attempt
re-connection indefinitely every Retry timeout interval.
Figure 76 - UDP client endpoint configuration
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GPS data: This creates a GPS data endpoint.
Figure 77 - GPS data endpoint configuration
4. Click the OK button. The router displays a screen with configuration options for your chosen endpoint type.
5. Enter the options for your endpoint as required.
6. Click the Save button. The Endpoints list is displayed with the newly created endpoint listed and a summary of the settings
your configured.
Figure 78 - Endpoints list
Streams
When you have created the required endpoints, you can then proceed to set up a data stream. A data stream sends data from one
endpoint to another, performing any transformation of the data as required. When a stream is added, an underlying process on the
router checks the validity of the stream, checking for conflicts and illogical configurations.
Every stream requires two endpoints, Endpoint A and Endpoint B. In all cases, the flow of data is from Endpoint A to Endpoint B.
To create a new stream:
7. Click the +Add button on the right side of the page.
Figure 79 - Data stream list
The Edit data stream page is displayed.
8. In the Data stream name field, enter a name for the Data stream.
9. Under Endpoint A, use the Endpoint name drop down list to select one of the endpoints you created previously. This
endpoint should be the starting point of the stream. Use the Mode drop down list to select the mode of operation of the
endpoint. The mode can be thought of as a transformation of the data as it leaves this endpoint. For example, if Endpoint
A type is Serial port (generic), the Mode can be set to various Modbus server and client types. This means that upon arrival
at Endpoint A, the data will be transformed into the chosen Modbus format, ready to be sent to Endpoint B.
Notes on data stream operation:
When any changes to the Data stream manager configuration are detected, all data streams are stopped and
restarted as per the new configuration.
Multiple Modbus clients cannot connect simultaneously to Modbus serial slaves connected to the router.
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10. Under Endpoint B, use the Endpoint name drop down list to select one of the endpoints you created previously. This
endpoint should be the destination of the stream. The screenshot below shows a configuration sending GPS data out of
the built-in serial port. Use the Mode drop down list to select the mode of operation of the endpoint. The mode can be
thought of as a transformation of the data as it arrives at this endpoint.
Figure 80 - Edit data stream
11. Click the Save button. The new stream appears in the Data stream list.
Figure 81 - Data stream list
.
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Legacy data managers
Modem emulator
Modem emulator allows you to connect legacy equipment such as an RTU or PLC to the serial port of the router in place of a
traditional dial-up modem. The NWL-15 router emulates the dial-up modem’s behavior and passes the serial data over the IP
network.
Figure 82 - Modem emulator
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ITEM
DESCRIPTION
Modem emulator
Activate
Turns on or off the modem emulator function of the router.
Serial port name
The device name of the serial port.
Serial port status
The configuration status of the serial port. This will display whether there are any conflicts with the serial port
preventing modem emulator from working properly.
Modem settings
Baud rate
The serial (V.24) port baud rate. By default the serial line format is 8 data bits, No parity, 1 Stop bit.
Refer to the AT (V.250) AT Command Manual if you need to change the serial line format.
Inter character timeout
The Modem emulator buffers any bytes received from the serial port until either 512 bytes have been received or
no bytes have been received for “Inter Character Timeout” milliseconds, it will then send any bytes in the buffer to
the remote host.
Id
When the ID field is not blank (empty) the defined ID will be sent to the remote host as follows:
For UDP the 1st <n> bytes of each datagram sent will be set to the contents of the ID field, data follows
immediately after the ID for TCP the ID is transmitted once immediately after the connection is established
Ignore string
When the “Ignore String” field is not blank (empty) the router will strip any character sequence that matches the
“Ignore String” from the data stream received from the serial port.
Connection settings
Connect to
Determines how the router behaves when it receives an “ATD” command on the serial port.
• Profile - Connect using “Data Connection Profile”
• Circuit - Establish a circuit switched data connection
• Packet - Connect to cellular packet network in PPP pass through mode
• DialString - Examine the dialed digits and connect to Profile, Circuit or Packet as appropriate
DTR action
Determines how the router responds to change of state of the serial port DTR line
• Ignore - Take no action
• Command - High to Low transition of DTR causes the router to enter command mode (does not end call).
• Hangup - High to Low transition of DTR causes the router to end call and enter command mode.
• High AutoDial - Low to High transition of DTR causes the router to dial the Auto Dial Number, High to Low
transition of DTR causes the router to end call and enter command mode.
• Low AutoDial - High to Low transition of DTR causes the router to dial the Auto Dial Number, Low to High
transition of DTR causes the router to end call and enter command mode.
• Low Pass To ATPort - When DTR is low pass all AT commands directly to internal cellular data engine.
Flow control
• Off - Serial port flow control off
• Hardware - Serial port uses RTS/CTS flow control
RI action
Determines how the router controls the state of the serial port RI line
• Always On - RI is always on
• Incoming Ring - RI is on when an incoming connection request is received.
• Always Off - RI is always off
Circuit auto answer rings
Sets the number of incoming rings after which the router will answer incoming circuit switched data calls.
Auto dial number
Sets the number the router will dial if DTR Auto Dial is enabled ad DTR changes state.
Profile-specific settings (these items may be configured separately for each of the 4 connection profiles)
Profile
Choose the profile that you want to configure.
Remote Host
In client mode (router connects to host) this is the remote host to which the router will connect.
In server mode (remote host connects to router) the router will only accept incoming connections from the
specified host. If you specify 0.0.0.0 the router will accept incoming connections from any host.
Port
TCP/UDP port number to use
Local encoding
Refer to the AT (V.250) Command Manual for details of this parameter, this is normally disabled.
Mode
Selects the mode of operation for the chosen profile. Mode may be TCP, UDP or GMTP.
Auto answer
When enabled the router accepts incoming connections (enables server mode)
Table 16 - Modem emulator options
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PADD
PAD Daemon is a tool used to encapsulate raw serial data into a TCP packet to be transported over IP to another end point. The
server receiving the TCP packets unpacks the data and the original raw serial data is passed out of its serial port to the attached
device, thereby creating an invisible IP network to the two serial devices.
The PAD Daemon runs as a background process which can be accessed via the web configuration interface. The PADD
configuration page is located under “Services > PADD”. The PADD is used usually with multiple connections or when redundant
connections are needed. The PADD has two modes: the PADD TCP/IP Server mode and PADD TCP/IP Client Mode. When PADD
is enabled, both the PADD server mode and PADD client mode can be run at the same time.
The PADD configuration page is shown below.
Figure 83 – PADD
A whitepaper with full Instructions on configuring PADD Mode is available at
http://support.netcommwireless.com/product/m2m/nwl-15
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Watchdogs
To access the Watchdogs page, click the Services menu item, then select the Watchdogs menu item on the left.
Figure 84 - Watchdogs Settings
Watchdogs are features which monitor the router for anomalies and restart the router if an anomaly occurs preventing its normal
operation. When configured, the watchdogs feature transmits controlled ping packets to 1 or 2 user specified IP addresses to
confirm an active connection. If the watchdog does not receive responses to the pings after a specified number of failures, it will
reboot the device in a last resort attempt to restore connectivity.
We recommend using caution when implementing this feature in situations where the device is intentionally offline for a particular
reason, for example, when Connect on demand has been enabled. This is because the watchdog expects to be able to access the
internet at all times, and will always eventually reboot the router if access isn't restored by the time the various timers expire and the
fail count is reached.
It is due to the nature of the watchdog being a last resort standalone backup mechanism that it will continue to do its job and
reboot the device even when the Connect on demand session is idle, or the mobile broadband connection is disabled by the user.
Therefore, we recommended that you disable this feature if Connect-on-demand is configured or if the mobile broadband
connection will be intentionally disconnected on occasion.
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The watchdog works as follows:
1. The router sends 3 consecutive pings to the first destination address at the interval specified in the Periodic Ping timer
field.
2. If all 3 pings to the first destination address fail, the router sends 3 consecutive pings to the second destination address at
the Periodic Ping timer interval.
3. If all 3 pings to the second destination address fail, the router sends 3 pings to the first destination address using the
Periodic Ping accelerated timer interval.
4. If all 3 accelerated pings to the first destination address fail, the router sends 3 pings to the second destination address at
the Periodic Ping accelerated timer interval.
5. If all 3 accelerated pings to the second destination address fail, the router registers this as a fail and returns to step C.
6. When the number of failures reaches the number configured in the Fail count field, the router reboots. If any ping
succeeds, the router returns to step A and does not reboot.
Note: The Periodic Ping timer should not be set to a value of less than 300 seconds to allow the router time to reconnect to
the cellular network following a reboot.
To disable the Watchdog, set Fail count to 0.
Figure 85 – Watchdog settings
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Configuring Watchdog settings
The Watchdog settings configure the router to transmit controlled ping packets to 2 specified IP addresses. If the router does not
receive responses to the pings, the router will reboot.
To configure the ping watchdog:
1. In the First destination address field, enter a website address or IP address to which the router should send the first round
of ping requests.
2. In the Second destination address field, enter a website address or IP address to which the router should send the second
round of ping requests.
3. In the Periodic Ping timer field, enter an integer between 300 and 65535 for the number of seconds the router should wait
between ping attempts. Setting this to 0 disables the ping watchdog function.
4. In the Periodic Ping accelerated timer field, enter an integer between 60 and 65535 for the number of seconds the router
should wait between accelerated ping attempts, i.e. pings to the second destination address. Setting this to 0 disables the
ping watchdog function
5. In the Fail count field, enter an integer between 1 and 65535 for the number of times an accelerated ping should fail before
the router reboots. Setting this to 0 disables the ping watchdog function.
Disabling the Watchdog function
To disable the Watchdog reset function, set Fail count to 0.
Note: The traffic generated by the Watchdog feature is usually counted as chargeable data usage. Please keep this in mind
when selecting how often to ping.
Configuring a periodic reboot
The router can be configured to automatically reboot after a period of time specified in minutes. While this is not necessary, it does
ensure that in the case of remote installations, the router will reboot if some anomaly occurs.
1. In the Force reboot every field, enter the time in minutes between forced reboots. The default value is 0 which disables the
Periodic reboot function. The minimum period between reboots is 5 minutes while the maximum value is 65535 minutes.
2. If you have configured a forced reboot time, you can use the Randomize reboot time drop down list to select a random
reboot timer. Randomizing the reboot time is useful for preventing a large number of devices from rebooting
simultaneously and flooding the network with connection attempts. When configured, the router waits for the configured
Force reboot every time and then randomly selects a time that is less than or equal to the Randomize reboot time setting.
After that randomly selected time has elapsed, the router reboots.
3. Click the Save button to save the settings.
Note: The randomize reboot time is not persistent across reboots; each time the router is due to reboot, it randomly selects
a time less than or equal to the Randomize reboot time.
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SNMP
SNMP configuration
The SNMP page is used to configure the SNMP features of the router.
Figure 86 - SNMP configuration
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is used to remotely monitor the router for conditions that may warrant administrative
attention. It can be used to retrieve information from the router such as the signal strength, the system time and the interface status.
To configure SNMP:
1. Click the SNMP toggle key to switch it to the ON position.
2. Enter Read-only community name and Read-write community name which are used for client authentication.
Community names are used as a type of security to prevent access to reading and/or writing to the routers configuration. It
is recommended that you change the Community names to something other than the default settings when using this
feature.
3. Click the Save button to save any changes to the settings.
The Download button displays the Management information base (MIB) of the router. The MIB displays all the objects of the router
that can have their values set or report their status. The MIB is formatted in the SNMP-related standard RFC1155.
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SNMP traps
SNMP traps are messages from the router to the Network Management System sent as UDP packets. They are often used to notify
the management system of any significant events such as whether the link is up or down.
Configuring SNMP traps
To configure SNMP traps:
1. In the Trap destination field, enter the IP address to which SNMP data is to be sent.
2. In the Heartbeat interval field, enter the number of seconds between SNMP heartbeats.
3. Use the Trap persistence field to specify the time in seconds that an SNMP trap persists.
4. Use the Trap retransmission time to specify the length of time in seconds between SNMP trap retransmissions.
Figure 87 - SNMP traps
To send a manual SNMP Heartbeat, click the Send heartbeat button. When you have finished configuring the SNMP traps, click the
Save button to save the settings.
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TR-069
To access the TR-069 configuration page, click the Services menu item, then select the TR-069 menu item on the left.
Figure 88 - TR-069 configuration
The TR-069 (Technical Report 069) protocol is a technical specification also known as CPE WAN Management Protocol (CWMP). It
is a framework for remote management and auto-configuration of end-user devices such as customer-premises equipment (CPE)
and Auto Configuration Servers (ACS). It is particularly efficient in applying configuration updates across networks to multiple CPEs.
TR-069 uses a bi-directional SOAP/HTTP-based protocol based on the application layer protocol and provides several benefits for
the maintenance of a field of CPEs:
Simplifies the initial configuration of a device during installation
Enables easy restoration of service after a factory reset or replacement of a faulty device
Firmware and software version management
Diagnostics and monitoring
Note:
You must have your own compatible ACS infrastructure to use TR-069.
When a factory reset of the router is performed via TR-069, the TR-069 settings are preserved.
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TR-069 configuration
To configure TR-069:
1. Click the Enable TR-069 toggle key to switch it to the ON position.
2. In the ACS URL field, enter the Auto Configuration Server’s full domain name or IP address.
3. Use the ACS username field to specify the username for the Auto Configuration Server.
4. In the ACS password and Verify ACS password fields, enter the Auto Configuration Server password.
5. In the Connection Request Username field, enter the username to use for the connection requests.
6. In the Connection Request Password and Verify password fields, enter the connection request password.
7. The inform message acts as a beacon to inform the ACS of the existence of the router. Click the Enable periodic ACS
informs toggle key to turn on the periodic ACS inform messages.
8. In the Inform Period field, enter the number of seconds between the inform messages.
9. Click the Save button to save the settings.
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GPS
The built-in GPS module allows you to use location-based services, monitor field deployed hardware or find your current location.
The GPS Status window provides up to date information about the current location and the current GPS signal conditions (position
dilution of precision (PDOP), horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP) and vertical dilution of precision (VDOP)) of the router.
NMEA support
The router supports the National Marine Electronics Association NMEA-0183 compatible (V2.3) standard of sending GPS data. The
standard includes “sentences” used to identify the type of data being sent and therefore defines the way the data is interpreted. The
supported GPS related sentences are listed below:
GPGGA – Global Positioning System Fix Data, Time, Position and fix related data for a GNSS receiver
GPRMC – Recommended minimum data for GPS
GPGSV – Detailed satellite data
GPGSA – Overall satellite data
GPVTG – Vector track and speed over the Ground
GPS configuration
To access the GPS configuration screen, select the Services item from the top menu bar then the GPS item on the left. Finally,
select the GPS configuration menu item.
To use the GPS function, set the GPS operation toggle key to ON and click the Save button.
Figure 89 – GPS configuration
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The Google maps button provides a quick short cut to show your router’s current position on a map
Mobile Station Based Assisted GPS configuration
To access the Mobile Station Based Assisted GPS configuration screen, select the Services item from the top menu bar then the
GPS item on the left. Finally, select the MSB (A-GPS) menu item. This function is only available on models with built-in GPS
capability.
Mobile Station Based Assisted GPS (MSB A-GPS) enables your router to download GNSS data which supply orbital data to GPS
receiver, enabling it to lock to the satellites more rapidly.. The GNSS data is stored on the router to assist the GPS in locating the
router.
To set up automatic updates of GNSS data, set the A-GPS Enable toggle key to the ON position and use the drop down lists to
configure the automatic retry options. Each retry, the router checks for an updated GNSS data file and downloads the GNSS data if
newer than the currently stored data.
Note: When new GNSS data is available and the router performs an update, up to 40MB of data may be downloaded.
Please keep this in mind if your mobile broadband plan has usage restrictions.
Figure 90 - Mobile Stations Based Assisted GPS configuration options
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
A-GPS Enable
Enables or disables the mobile station based assisted GPS function.
Maximum Retry Count
Sets the maximum number of times the router should attempt to triangulate its position.
Retry delay (minute)
Sets the number of minutes the router should wait between attempts to triangulate its position.
Automatic Update Period
(day)
Sets the number of days that the router should automatically update the A-GPS data. The
maximum update period is 7 days.
Table 17 - Mobile Station Based Assisted GPS configuration options
The GNSS data last update field represents the time that the GNSS data file was created while the GNSS data expires field
indicates the time that this data is valid until. The A-GPS last update field specifies the last time the router attempted to retrieve an
update to the GNSS data.
You may manually force the router to check for an update regardless of the next scheduled update time by clicking the Update Now
button.
When you have finished configuring the settings, click the Save button to save the changes.
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Odometer
To access the Odometer screen, select the Services item from the top menu bar then the GPS item on the left. Finally, select the
Odometer menu item.
The GPS may be used to record the distance that the router has travelled. To do this, set the Odometer toggle key to the ON
position as in the screenshot below. You can toggle the unit of measurement by clicking the Display imperial / Display metric button.
The threshold setting adjusts the router’s sensitivity to movement so that movement within the specified radius from the starting
point does not register as distance travelled. When you have finished configuring the Odometer settings, click the Save button to
ensure the settings are stored on the router.
Figure 91 – Odometer options
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
Odometer reading
The number of metres/kilometres that the device has travelled since the time listed in the Odometer
start time field.
Display imperial / Display
metric
Toggles the Odometer reading between metric and imperial measurements.
Odometer start time
The time that recording of distance travelled began.
Reset odometer
Resets the odometer reading to 0 and the Odometer start time to the current time.
Odometer
Toggles the Odometer function on and off.
Threshold
Specifies the minimum distance that the router must travel from its current position before the
Odometer reading increases.
Table 18 - Odometer configuration options
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IO configuration
The NWL-15 router is equipped with a 6-way terminal block connector providing 3 identical multipurpose inputs and outputs as well
as a dedicated ignition input. These inputs and outputs may be independently configured for various functions, including:
NAMUR (EN 60947-5-6 / IEC 60947-5-6) compatible proximity sensor input
Proximity sensor input for use with contact closure (open/closed) type of sensors (PIR sensors, door/window sensors
for security applications) with the input tamper detection possible (four states detected: open, closed, short and break)
by the use of external resistors
Analogue 0V to 30V input
Digital input (the I/O voltage measured by the iMX283 LRADC and the software making decision about the input state)
with the threshold levels configurable in software
Open collector output.
Use the pull up voltage options to select the desired output voltage of the I/O pins. The pull up voltage you select will be the same
for each pin when pull up is enabled for that pin. Each pin is capable of outputting either 3.3V or 8.2V.
Figure 92 – IO configuration options
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
IO configuration
IO Functionality
Enables the configuration of the input and output pins on the Six-way terminal block.
Pull up voltage
Specifies the output voltage of the I/O pins.
IO Manager Debug level
Use the slide bar to adjust the level of detail you would like to see in the log for IO messages. A
higher debug level displays more detailed messages in the log file.
Per pin configuration
Pin
The I/O pin number corresponding to the pin on the terminal block.
Mode
The mode of operation for the corresponding pin. Available options are Digital input, Digital output,
Analogue input, Namur input, Contact closure input.
Pull up
Use the pull up toggle keys to turn the pull up on or off for the corresponding pin. When turned on,
the pull up voltage output is the value specified in the “Pull up voltage” option.
Value
The value column displays whether the voltage detected on the line is low or high or allows you to
configure the output value in the case that the pin is set to digital output This can be useful for
applications where monitoring of the transition between low and high is used to trigger an action.
Table 19 - IO configuration options
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The table below describes the different modes available on the physical I/O pins of the router.
MODE
DESCRIPTION
Digital input
The corresponding pin accepts digital input. Pull up may be on or off and both 3.3V and 8.2V are
available as pull up voltages. The value column displays whether the signal received on the pin is
High or Low.
Digital output
The corresponding pin outputs a digital signal. Pull up may be on or off and both 3.3V and 8.2V are
available as pull up voltages. The value column contains a toggle key allowing you to set whether
the output signal is High or Low.
Analogue input
The corresponding pin accepts an analogue signal. Pull up may be on or off and both 3.3V and
8.2V are available as pull up voltages. The value column displays the current voltage detected on
the pin.
Namur input
NAMUR is a sensor standard using low-level current signals. It can supply two different signal levels
depending on the state of the switch and is commonly used in hazardous or explosive locations
where compact sensors are required.
When a pin is set to NAMUR mode, Pull up is turned on and the global Pull up voltage is set to
8.2V. These settings may not be changed for as long as a pin is set to NAMUR mode as they are
required settings according to the NAMUR IEC 60947-5-6 standard. The value column displays
whether the signal received on the pin is High or Low.
Contact closure input
A common type of digital input where a sensor or switch opens or closes a set of contacts as a
result of a process change. An electrical signal is then used to determine whether the circuit is open
or closed.
When a pin is set to Contact closure input, Pull up is enabled for that pin and may not be turned off
as long as the pin remains configured as a Contact closure input. Global pull up voltage may be
either 3.3V or 8.2V.
Table 20 - IO configuration options
Note: Please refer to the SDK Developer Guide for hardware information about the Input/Output pins, wiring examples and
configuration of the pins via the command line interface. There are also wiring examples in Appendix I of this User Guide.
Contact NetComm Wireless Technical Support for access to the Software Development Kit.
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Low power mode
The NWL-15 router can be configured to enter or return from a low power ‘sleep’ mode. You can configure this to occur
automatically after a timer has expired, by the status of the ignition pin, a combination of timer and ignition pin status or by manually
triggering sleep mode.
During the sleep state, the NWL-15 router is effectively powered off. That is, it has no ability to communicate wirelessly or process
any information. When in sleep mode, it draws approximately 5mA current at 12V. When sleep state is triggered, the NWL-15 router
takes approximately 30 seconds to enter low power mode. When the wake up sequence is initiated, the router takes approximately
2 minutes to return from the sleep state. This is because returning from sleep state involves a full boot up sequence.
Ignition pin
The third pin on the 6-way terminal connector is a dedicated input called “Ignition”. This input is intended for connection to an
ignition switch in vehicular applications or where an input to switch the device to a sleep/wake mode is required.
The Ignition input threshold voltage is around 3V. The input responds to a high input state (above 3V). A signal below this level is
considered as a low state. If the software is configured to activate in the low state, for example 0V, it must still have the high state
above 3V to turn it off.
Note: There is a period of about 10 seconds after sleep state has been triggered where the ignition line cannot be
monitored. Please take this into account when designing your ignition power on system.
Figure 93 - Low power mode settings
To begin using Low power mode, set the Low power mode functionality toggle key to the ON position. Extra settings are displayed.
These settings, including the enabling or disabling of Low power mode functionality, only take effect when you click the Save
button.
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Sleep settings
Use the Sleep mode drop down list to select a condition under which the router should enter the sleep state.
Sleep by manual trigger only
When this mode is selected, the router will only enter the sleep state when the Trigger sleep mode now button is pressed. The
Trigger sleep mode now button is not available unless Low power functionality has been selected and the setting saved.
Figure 94 - Sleep by manual trigger only
Sleep after specified duration and ignore ignition pin
When this mode is selected, the router goes to sleep after the specified time period regardless of the state of the ignition pin.
Figure 95 - Sleep after specified duration and ignore ignition pin
Enter the time in seconds to wait before entering sleep state in the Always go to sleep this many seconds after booting field. A
setting of 0 means that the router will never enter sleep state.
Sleep triggered by ignition pin status
This mode sets the router to enter sleep state when the signal on the ignition pin reaches the specified value.
Figure 96 - Sleep triggered by ignition pin status
Use the Sleep when ignition pin goes setting to select Low or High. By default, this is set to Low.
Sleep after specified duration or triggered by ignition pin
This option sets the router to go to the sleep state on one of two conditions, depending on which condition is reached first. These
conditions are based on the state of the ignition pin and a timer. For example, based on the configuration in the screenshot below,
the router will go to sleep state when the ignition pin goes low or after 3600 seconds (1 hour), depending on which condition occurs
first.
Figure 97 - Sleep after specified duration or triggered by ignition pin
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Wake settings
Use the Wake mode drop down list to select a condition under which the router should return from the sleep state.
Only wake after specified duration and ignore ignition pin
When this mode is selected, the router wakes up after the specified time period regardless of the state of the ignition pin.
Figure 98 - Only wake after specified duration and ignore ignition pin
Enter the time in seconds to wait before returning from sleep state in the Always wake up after field. A setting of 0 means that the
router will automatically wake from sleep state immediately.
Wake triggered by ignition pin status
This mode sets the router to wake up when the signal on the ignition pin reaches the specified value.
Figure 99 - Wake when triggered by ignition pin status
Use the Sleep when ignition pin goes setting to select Low or High. By default, this is set to Low.
Advanced wake settings
The advanced wake settings screen gives you finer control over the events causing the router to wake up. In advanced wake mode,
you can configure the router to monitor for up to 2 changes in the status of the ignition pin along with how long those status
changes should last for to trigger a single wake up event. When selected, Event 1 and Event 2 must happen consecutively in that
order to satisfy each condition.
Note: If you do not wish to specify 2 events you should select to skip Event 1, in which case the router will only monitor
Event 2 to trigger a wake up.
There is also a provision to reboot the router after a specified period of time, regardless of whether the conditions of Events 1 and/or
2 are met. This can be viewed as a fall back option in the case that those Events are missed.
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Figure 100 - Advanced wake up configuration
To configure advanced wake settings:
1. Set Wake mode to Advanced (configure below).
2. Under Event 1, select whether you want the ignition pin value to be Low or High. If you want to skip this event, select the
Skip option.
3. In the Event 1 Stable time field, enter the length of time expressed in milliseconds that the value of the ignition line should
remain low or high. For example, to specify 10 seconds, enter a value of 1000.
4. Under Event 2, select whether you want the ignition pin value to be Low or High. If you want to skip this event, select the
Skip option.
5. In the Event 2 Stable time field, enter the length of time expressed in milliseconds that the value of the ignition line should
remain low or high.
6. In the Always wake up after field, enter the time in seconds after which the router should wake up, regardless of whether
Event 1 or 2 has occurred.
When in low power mode and Advanced wake mode is configured, the router waits for Event 1 to occur, then it monitors for Event
2. If Event 2 occurs before Event 1, it will not trigger the condition for either event to have occurred. If Event 1 occurs and then
Events 2 occurs, the router wakes up. Alternatively, if neither or only one of the events occurs, the router waits for the time specified
in the Always wake up after field and then wakes up when that time has been reached.
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SMS
The NWL-15 router offers an advanced SMS feature set, including sending messages, receiving messages, redirecting incoming
messages to another destination, as well as supporting remote commands and diagnostics messages.
Some of the functions supported include:
Ability to send a text message via a CDMA network and store it in permanent storage.
Ability to receive a text message via a CDMA network and store it in permanent storage.
Ability to forward incoming text messages via a CDMA network to another remote destination which may be a
TCP/UDP server or other mobile devices.
Ability to receive run-time variables from the device (e.g. uptime) on request via SMS
Ability to change live configuration on the device (e.g. network username) via SMS.
Ability to execute supported commands (e.g. reboot) via SMS
Ability to trigger the NWL-15 router to download and install a firmware upgrade
Ability to trigger the NWL-15 router to download and apply a configuration file
To access the SMS messaging functions of the NWL-15 router, click on the Services menu item from the top menu bar, and then
select one of the options under the SMS messaging section on the left hand menu.
Setup
The Setup page provides the options to enable or disable the SMS messaging functionality and SMS forwarding functionalities of
the router. SMS messaging is enabled by default.
Figure 101 - General SMS Configuration
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OPTION
DEFINITION
General SMS Configuration
SMS
Toggles the SMS functionality of the router on and off.
Messages Per Page (10-50)
The number of SMS messages to display per page. Must be a value between 10 and 50.
Encoding Scheme
The encoding method used for outbound SMS messages. GSM 7-bit mode permits up to 160
characters per message but drops to 50 characters if the message includes special characters.
UCS-2 mode allows the sending of Unicode characters and permits a message to be up to 50
characters in length.
SMS Forwarding Setup
Forwarding
Toggles the SMS forwarding function of the router on and off.
Redirect to Mobile
Enter a mobile number as the destination for forwarded SMS messages.
TCP server IP address
Enter an IP address or domain name as the destination for forwarded SMS messages using
TCP.
TCP Port
The TCP port on which to connect to the remote destination.
UDP server IP address
Enter an IP address or domain name as the destination for forwarded SMS messages using
UDP.
UDP Port
The UDP port on which to connect to the remote destination.
Table 21 - SMS Setup Settings
SMS forwarding setup
Incoming text messages can be redirected to another mobile device and/or a TCP/UDP message server.
Redirect to mobile
You can forward incoming text messages to a different destination number. This destination number can be another mobile phone
or a 3G router phone number.
For Example:
If someone sends a text message and Redirect to mobile is set to “+01161412345678”, the text message is stored on the router
and forwarded to “+01161412345678” at the same time.
To disable redirection to a mobile, clear the Redirect to mobile field and click the Save button.
Redirect to TCP / UDP address
You can also forward incoming text messages to a TCP/UDP based destination. The TCP or UDP server can be any kind of public
or private server if the server accepts incoming text-based messages.
The TCP/UDP address can be an IP address or domain name. The port number range is from 1 to 65535. Please refer to your
TCP/UDP based SMS server configuration for which port to use.
For Example:
If someone sends a text message and TCP address is set to “192.168.20.3” and TCP port is set to “2002”, this text message is
stored in the router and forwarded to “192.168.20.3” on port “2002” at the same time.
To disable redirection to a TCP or UDP address, clear the TCP address and UDP address fields and click the Save button.
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New message
The New message page can be used to send SMS text messages to a single or multiple recipients.
A new SMS message can be sent to a maximum of 9 recipients at the same time. After sending the message, the result is displayed
next to the destination number as “Success” or “Failure” if the message failed to send. By default, only one destination number field
is displayed. Additional destination numbers may be added one at a time after entering a valid number for the current destination
number field. To add a destination number, click the button and to remove the last destination in the list, click the button.
Figure 102 - SMS - New Message
When sending SMS messages internationally, destination numbers may begin with the “+” symbol followed by the international
direct dial prefix and then the country calling code or you may choose to omit the “+” symbol.
For example:
To send a message to the mobile destination number 0412345678 in Australia (country calling code 61) from the United
States, enter “+01161412345678” or “01161412345678”.
After entering the required recipient numbers, type your SMS message in the New message field. As you type your message, a
counter shows how many characters you have entered. For ASCII 7-Bit encoding, the maximum number of characters is 160 per
message while UCS2 encoding allows 50 characters per message. If your message exceeds these numbers, it will be split into
multiple messages as required. When you have finished typing your message and you are ready to send it, click the Send button.
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Inbox / Sent items
The Inbox displays all received messages that are stored on the router while the Outbox displays all sent messages.
Figure 103 - SMS Inbox
Figure 104 - SMS Outbox
ICON
DESCRIPTION
Forward button. Click this button to open a new message window where you can forward the corresponding
message to another recipient.
Reply button. Click this button to open a new message window where you can reply to the sender.
Add to White list. Click this button to add the sender’s mobile number to the white list on the router.
Delete button. Click this button to delete the corresponding message.
Refresh button. Click this button to refresh the inbox or outbox to see new messages.
Table 22 - Inbox/Outbox icons
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Diagnostics
The Diagnostics page is used to configure the SMS diagnostics and command execution configuration. This enables you to change
the configuration, perform functions remotely and check on the status of the router via SMS commands.
To access the Diagnostics page, click on the Services menu item then select the SMS messaging menu on the left and finally select
Diagnostics beneath it.
Figure 105 - SMS diagnostics and command execution configuration
SMS diagnostics and command execution configuration
The options on this page are described below.
Enable remote diagnostics and command execution
Enables or disables the remote diagnostics feature. If this setting is enabled all incoming text messages are parsed and tested for
remote diagnostics commands.
If remote diagnostics commands are found, the router executes those commands. This feature is enabled by default. All remote
diagnostic commands that are received are stored in the Inbox.
Note: It is possible to adjust settings and prevent your router from functioning correctly using remote diagnostics. If this
occurs, you will need to perform a factory reset in order to restore normal operation.
We highly recommended that you use the white list and a password when utilising this feature to prevent unauthorised
access. See the White list description for more information.
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Only accept authenticated SMS messages
Enables or disables checking the sender’s phone number against the allowed sender white list for incoming diagnostics and
command execution SMS messages.
If authentication is enabled, the router will check if the sender’s number exists in the white list. If it exists, the router then checks the
password (if configured) in the incoming message against the password in the white list for the corresponding sending number. If
they match, the diagnostic or command is executed.
If the number does not exist in the white list or the password does not match, the router does not execute the incoming diagnostic
or command in the SMS message.
This is enabled by default and it is strongly advised that you leave this feature enabled to maintain security.
Send Set command acknowledgement replies
The NWL-15 router will automatically reply to certain types of commands received, such as
get
commands, or
execute
commands.
However acknowledgement replies from the NWL-15 router are optional with
set
commands and the
Wakeup
command. This
option Enables or disables sending an acknowledgment message after execution of a
set
command or SMS Wakeup command. If
disabled, the router does not send any acknowledgement after execution of a
set
command or SMS Wakeup command. All
acknowledgment replies are stored in the Outbox after they have been sent. This can be useful to determine if a command was
received and executed by the router. This option is disabled by default.
Access advanced RDB variables
By default, this option is turned off and only allows access to the basic RDB variables listed later in this guide. If this option is
enabled, you are able to access the full list of RDB variables via SMS.
Allow execution of advanced commands
By default, this option is turned off and only allows execution of the basic commands listed later in this guide. If this option is
enabled, you are able to execute advanced commands such as those which are common to the Linux command line. For example:
“execute ls /usr/bin/sms*” to list the contents of the /etc folder on the router.
Send acknowledgement replies to
This option allows you to specify where to send acknowledgment messages after the execution of a
set, get, or exec
command.
If a fixed number is selected, the acknowledgement message will be sent to the number defined in the Fixed number to send replies
to field. If the sender’s number is selected, the acknowledgement message will be sent to the number that the SMS diagnostic or
command message originated from. The default setting is to use the sender’s number.
Fixed number to send replies to
This field defines the destination number to which error messages are sent after the execution of a
get, set, or exec
command. This
field is only displayed when Send Error SMS to is set to Fixed Number.
Send command error replies
Enables or disables the sending of an error message resulting from the execution of a
get, set
, or
exec
command. All error replies
are stored in the Outbox after they have been sent.
Send error replies to
When Send Error SMS for Get/Set/Exec Command is set to ON, this option is used to specify where the error SMS is sent. Use the
radio buttons to select either Fixed Number or SMS Sender Number. When set to SMS Sender Number the router will reply to the
originating number of the SMS diagnostic or command. When set to Fixed Number the router will send the error messages to the
number specified in the following field.
Send a maximum number of
You can set the maximum number of acknowledgement and error messages sent when an SMS diagnostic or command is
executed. The maximum limit can be set per hour, day, week or month. The router will send a maximum of 100 replies by default.
The number of messages sent is shown below the options. The total transmitted message count resets after a reboot or at the
beginning of the time frame specified.
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White list for diagnostic or execution SMS
The white list is a list of mobile numbers that you can create which are considered “friendly” to the router. If Only accept
authenticated SMS messages is enabled in the diagnostics section, the router will compare the mobile number of all incoming
diagnostic and command messages against this white list to determine whether the diagnostic or command should be executed.
You may optionally configure a password for each number to give an additional level of security. When a password is specified for a
number, the SMS diagnostic or command message is parsed for the password and will only be executed if the number and
password match.
Figure 106 - White list for diagnostic or execution SMS
A maximum of 20 numbers can be stored on the router in the white list. To add a number to the white list, click the “+Add” button.
Figure 107 – Adding a number to the SMS white list
The White List numbers and passwords can be cleared by pressing the button to the right of each entry. To add a number to
the white list, enter it in the Destination number field and optionally define a password in the Password field. When you have finished
adding numbers click the Save button to save the entries.
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Sending an SMS diagnostic command
Follow the steps below to configure the router to optionally accept SMS diagnostic commands only from authenticated senders and
learn how to send SMS diagnostic commands to the router.
1. Navigate to the Services > SMS messaging > Diagnostics page
2. Confirm that the Enable remote diagnostics and command execution toggle key is set to the ON position. If it is set to OFF
click the toggle key to switch it to the ON position.
3. If you wish to have the router only accept commands from authenticated senders, ensure that Only accept authenticated
SMS messages is set to the ON position. In the White list for diagnostic or execution SMS messages section, click the
+Add button and enter the sender’s number in international format into the Destination number field that appears. If you
wish to also configure a password, enter the password in the Password field corresponding to the destination number.
4. If you would prefer to accept SMS diagnostic commands from any sender, set the Only accept authenticated SMS
messages toggle key to the OFF position.
Note: An alternative method of adding a number to the white list is to send an SMS message to the router, navigate to
Services > SMS messaging > Inbox and then click the button next to the message which corresponds to the sender’s
number.
5. Click the Save button.
Types of SMS diagnostic commands
There are three types of commands that can be sent; execute, get and set. The basic syntax is as follows:
execute COMMAND
get VARIABLE
set VARIABLE=VALUE
If authentication is enabled, each command must be preceded by the password:
PASSWORD execute COMMAND
PASSWORD get VARIABLE
PASSWORD set VARIABLE=VALUE
The following are some examples of SMS diagnostic commands:
password6657 execute reboot
get rssi
set apn1=testAPNvalue
SMS acknowledgment replies
The router automatically replies to get commands with a value and execute commands with either a success or error response. Set
commands will only be responded to if the Send Set command acknowledgement replies toggle key is set to ON. If the Send
command error replies toggle key is set to ON, the router will send a reply if the command is correct but a variable or value is
incorrect, for example, due to misspelling.
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SMS command format
Generic Format for reading variables:
get VARIABLE
PASSWORD get VARIABLE
Generic Format for writing to variables:
set VARIABLE=VALUE
PASSWORD set VARIABLE=VALUE
Generic Format for executing a command:
Execute COMMAND
PASSWORD execute COMMAND
Replies
Upon receipt of a successfully formatted, authenticated (if required) command, the gateway will reply to the SMS in the following
format:
TYPE
SMS CONTENTS
NOTES
get command
“VARIABLE=VALUE”
set command
“Successfully set VARIABLE to VALUE”
Only sent if the acknowledgment message
function is enabled
execute command
“Successfully executed command COMMAND”
Table 23 - SMS Diagnostic Command Syntax
Where “VARIABLE” is the name of the value to be read
Where “VARIABLE (x)” is the name of another value to be read
Where “VALUE” is the content to be written to the “VARIABLE”
Where “COMMAND” is a supported command to be executed by the device (e.g. reboot)
Where “PASSWORD” is the password (if configured) for the corresponding sender number specified in the White List
Multiple commands can be sent in the same message, if separated by a semicolon.
For Example:
get VARIABLE1; get VARIABLE2; get VARIABLE3
PASSWORD get VARIABLE1; get VARIABLE2
set VARIABLE=VALUE1 ; set VARIABLE2=VALUE2
PASSWORD set VARIABLE1=VALUE1; set VARIABLE2=VALUE2; set VARIABLE3=VALUE3
If required, values can also be bound by an apostrophe, double apostrophe or back tick.
For Example:
“set VARIABLE=’VALUE’”
“set VARIABLE=”VALUE””
“set VARIABLE=`VALUE`”
“get VARIABLE”
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A password (if required), only needs to be specified once per SMS, but can be prefixed to each command if desired.
“PASSWORD get Variable1”; “get VARIABLE2”
“PASSWORD set VARIABLE1=VALUE1”; “set VARIABLE2=VALUE2”
If the command sent includes the “reboot” command and has already passed the white list password check, the device keeps this
password and executes the remaining command line after the reboot with this same password.
For Example:
“PASSWORD execute reboot; getVariable1”; “get VARABLE2”
“PASSWORD execute reboot; PASSWORD get Variable1”; “get VARABLE2”
Note: Commands, variables and values are case sensitive.
List of basic execute commands
A list of basic commands which can be used in conjunction with the execute command are listed below:
“pdpcycle”, “pdpdown” and “pdpup” commands can have a profile number suffix ‘x’ added. Without the suffix specified, the
command operates against the default profile configured on the profile list page of the Web-UI.
#
COMMAND NAME
DESCRIPTION
1
reboot
Immediately performs a soft reboot.
2
pdpcycle
Disconnects (if connected) and reconnects the data connection. If a profile number is selected in the
command, try to disconnect/reconnect the specified profile in case the profile is active. If no profile
number is selected, try to disconnect/reconnect the current active profile. Reports an error if no profile
number is selected and there is no currently activated profile.
3
pdpdown
Disconnects the PDP. If a profile number is selected in the command, the router tries to disconnect the
specified profile in case the profile is active. If no profile number is selected, try to disconnect the current
active profile. Reports an error if no profile number is selected and there is no currently activated profile.
4
pdpup
Reconnects the PDP. If a profile number is selected in the command, the router tries to connect with
the specified profile. If no profile number is selected, the router tries to connect to the last active profile.
The gateway will check the currently activated profile and disconnect this profile before executing the
command. The router reports an error if no profile number is selected and there is no stored last active
profile number.
5
factorydefaults
Performs a factory reset on the router. Be aware that this command also clears the SMS white list on
the router.
6
download
Performs a download and install of a Firmware Upgrade (.cdi), Config File (.tar.gz) or a help document
(.pdf) file.
If the file is a firmware image as in the case of a .cdi file, the router will apply the recovery image first and
then the main firmware image. The download location is specified immediately after the command and
may be from an HTTP or FTP source URL.
If the file is a .tar.gz file, the router will apply the file as a configuration file update for the device and
reboot afterwards.
If the file is a .pdf, the router will assume this is a user guide document and save it to the router and
make the file available for viewing via the help menu on the Web-UI.
Note: If your download URL includes any space characters, please encode these prior to transmission
according to RFC1738, for example:
ftp://username:password@serveraddress/directory%20with%20spaces/filename.cdi
Note: Authenticated FTP addresses may be used following the format as defined in RFC1738, for
example:
ftp://username:password@serveraddress/directory/filename.cdi
7
codconnect
Causes the router to activate the PDP context when the Connect on demand feature is enabled.
8
coddisconnect
Causes the router to de-activate the PDP context when the Connect on demand feature is enabled.
9
wakeup
This forces the default Data connection profile to connect if it is in a disconnected or waiting state.
There are two circumstances in which this command may be useful; where the default profile is enabled
but has been manually disconnected and if Connect on demand is enabled and the router is awaiting
packet of interest. In both of these situations, the wakeup command will cause the default PDP context
to activate.
10
ssh.genkeys
Instructs the router to generate new public SSH keys.
11
ssh.clearkeys
Instructs the router to clear the client public SSH key files.
Table 24 - List of basic SMS diagnostic commands
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List of get/set commands
The following table is a partial list of get and set commands which may be performed via SMS.
COMMAND
NAME
EXAMPLE
DESCRIPTION
get status
get status
Returns the Module firmware version, LAN IP Address, Network State, Network operator and
RSSI.
get sessionhistory
get sessionhistory
Returns the time and date of recent sessions along with the total amount of data sent and
received for each session.
set syslogserver
set
syslogserver=123.45.67.89:514
Sets a remote syslog server IP or hostname and port.
set cod
set cod=1
Enables or disables Connect on demand.
get cod
get cod
Returns the enable/disable status of the Connect on demand feature.
get codstatus
get codstatus
Returns the connection status of the Connect on demand feature.
set coddialport
set coddialport=on,53
Sets the Connect on demand feature to connect only when traffic is received on the specified
port.
get coddialport
get coddialport
Returns the Connect on demand port filter status and list or filtered ports.
set codonline
set codonline=20
Sets the router to stay online for at least X minutes when data activity is detected.
get codonline
get codonline
Returns the number of minutes the router is configured to stay online when data activity is
detected.
set codminonline
set codminonline=10
Sets the router to stay online for a minimum of X minutes after connecting.
get codminonline
get codminonline
Returns the minimum number of minutes the router should stay online after connecting.
set codredial
set codredial=5
Sets the number of minutes that the router should not attempt to redial after hanging up.
get codredial
get codredial
Returns the number of minutes that the router is configured to not attempt to redial after
hanging up.
set coddisconnect
set coddisconnect=0
Sets the number of minutes after which the router should disconnect regardless of traffic.
get coddisconnect
get coddisconnect
Returns the number of minutes the router is configured to disconnect regardless of traffic.
set codconnectreg
set codconnectreg=30
Sets the number of minutes that the router should regularly attempt to connect.
get codconnectreg
get codconnectreg
Returns the number of minutes that the router is configured to regularly attempt to connect.
set codrandomtime
set codrandomtime=3
Sets the number of minutes that the router should randomise the dial time by.
get codrandomtime
get codrandomtime
Returns the number of minutes that the router is configured to randomise the dial time by.
set codverbose
set codverbose=1
Sets verbose logging on or off.
get codverbose
get codverbose
Returns the status of verbose logging.
set codignore.icmp
set codignore.icmp=1
Sets the router to ignore ICMP packets triggering data activity detection.
get codignore.icmp
get codignore.icmp
Returns the status of the Ignore ICMP option.
set codignore.tcp
set codignore.tcp=1
Sets the router to ignore TCP packets triggering data activity detection.
get codignore.tcp
get codignore.tcp
Returns the status of the Ignore TCP option.
set codignore.udp
set codignore.udp=1
Sets the router to ignore UDP packets triggering data activity detection.
get codignore.udp
get codignore.udp
Returns the status of the Ignore UDP option.
set codignore.dns
set codignore.dns=1
Sets the router to ignore DNS traffic triggering data activity detection.
get codignore.dns
get codignore.dns
Returns the status of the Ignore DNS option.
set codignore.ntp
set codignore.ntp=1
Sets the router to ignore NTP traffic triggering data activity detection.
get codignore.ntp
get codignore.ntp
Returns the status of the Ignore NTP option.
set codignore.ncsi
set codignore.ncsi=1
Sets the router to ignore NCSI traffic triggering data activity detection.
get codignore.ncsi
get codignore.ncsi
Returns the status of the Ignore NCSI option.
get pppoe
get pppoe
Returns the PPPoE status, currently configured dial string and service name
set pppoe
set pppoe=1, telstra.internet, test
Sets the PPPoE status on, APN to telstra.internet, and service name to test.
get ledmode
get ledmode
Returns the status of the LED operation mode.
set ledmode
set ledmode=10
Sets the LED operation mode to be always on or to turn off after the specified number of
minutes.
get ssh.proto
get ssh.proto
Returns the SSH protocol in use.
set ssh.proto
set ssh.proto=1,2
Sets the SSH Protocol to protocol 1, 2 or both (1,2).
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get ssh.passauth
get ssh.passauth
Returns the status of the SSH Enable password authentication option.
set ssh.passauth
set ssh.passauth=1
Sets the SSH Enable password authentication option on or off.
get.ssh.keyauth
get.ssh.keyauth
Returns the status of the SSH Enable key authentication option.
set.ssh.keyauth
set.ssh.keyauth=1
Sets the SSH Enable key authentication option on or off.
Table 25 - List of get/set commands
List of basic RDB variables
The following table lists valid variables where “x” is a profile number (1-6). If no profile is specified, variables are read from or written
to for the current active profile. If a profile is specified, variables are read from or written to for the specified profile number (‘x’).
#
RDB VARIABLE NAME
SMS VARIABLE
NAME
READ/
WRITE
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE VALUE
0
link.profile.1.enable
link.profile.1.apn
link.profile.1.user
link.profile.1.pass
link.profile.1.auth_type
link.profile.1.iplocal
link.profile.1.status
profile
RW
Profile
Read:
(profile
no,atd#xxx,user,pass,auth,iplocal,status)
1,atd#777,username,password,
chap,202.44.185.111,up
Write:
(atd#xxx, user, pass,auth)
atd#777,username,password
2
link.profile.1.user
username
RW
profile username
Guest, could also return “null”
3
link.profile.1.pass
password
RW
profile password
Guest, could also return “null”
4
link.profile.1.auth_type
authtype
RW
Authentication type
”pap” or”chap”
5
link.profile.1.iplocal
wanip
R
WAN IP address
202.44.185.111
6
wwan.0.radio.information.signal_strength
rssi R signal strength
-65 dBm
7
wwan.0.meid
meid R MEID number
0x00A1000021D003BB
8
statistics.usage_current
usage
R
mobile data usage of
current session
“Rx 500 bytes, Tx 1024 bytes, Total 1524
bytes” or “Rx 0 byte, Tx 0 byte, Total 0 byte”
when wwan down
9
statistics.usage_current
wanuptime
R
Up time of current
mobile session
1 days 02:30:12 or 0 days 00:00:00 when
wwan down
10
/proc/uptime
deviceuptime
R
Device up time
1 days 02:30:12
11
wwan.0.system_network_status.current_ba
nd
band
R
Current frequency
channel & band
CH 426 PCS B Band
Table 26 - List of basic SMS diagnostics RDB variables
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SMS diagnostics examples
The examples below demonstrate various combinations of supported commands. This is not an exhaustive list and serves as an
example of possibilities only.
DESCRIPTION
AUTHENTICATION
INPUT EXAMPLE
Send SMS to change the data
connection username
Not required
set username=’NetComm’
Required
PASSWORD set username= ”NetComm”
Send SMS to change the data
connection password
Not required
set password= `NetComm`
Required
PASSWORD set password= `NetComm`
Send SMS to change the data
connection authentication
Not required
set authtype= ‘pap’
Required
PASSWORD set authtype = pap
Send SMS to reboot
Not required
execute reboot
Required
PASSWORD execute reboot
Send SMS to check the WAN IP
address
Not required
get wanip
Required
PASSWORD get wanip
Send SMS to check the mobile
signal strength
Not required
get rssi
Required
PASSWORD get rssi
Send SMS to check the MEID
number
Not required
Get meid
Required
PASSWORD get meid
Send SMS to check the current
band
Not required
get band
Required
PASSWORD get band
Send SMS to Disconnect (if
connected) and reconnect the data
connection
Not required
execute pdpcycle
Required
PASSWORD execute pdpcycle
Send SMS to disconnect the data
connection
Not required
execute pdpdown
Required
PASSWORD execute pdpdown
Send SMS to connect the data
connection
Not required
execute pdpup
Required
PASSWORD execute pdpup
Send multiple get command
Not required
get wanip; get rssi
Required
PASSWORD get wanip; get rssi
Send multiple set command
Not required
set ssh.genkeys=1; set username=test; set auth=pap
Required
PASSWORD set ssh.genkeys=1; set username=test; set auth=pap
Send SMS to reset to factory default
settings
Not required
execute factorydefaults
Required
PASSWORD execute factorydefaults
Send SMS to retrieve status of
router
Not required
get status
Required
PASSWORD get status
Send SMS to retrieve the history of
the session, including start time, end
time and total data usage
Not required
get sessionhistory
Required
PASSWORD get sessionhistory
Send SMS to configure the router to
send syslog to a remote syslog
server
Not required
set syslogserver=123.209.5.68
Required
PASSWORD set syslogserver=123.209.5.68
Send SMS to wake up the router,
turn on the default gateway and
trigger the ‘connect on demand’
profile if in waiting state.
Not required
execute wakeup
Required
PASSWORD execute wakeup
Send SMS to perform firmware
upgrade when firmware is located
on HTTP server
Not required
execute download http://download.com:8080/firmware_image.cdi
execute download http://download.com:8080/firmware_image_r.cdi
Required
PASSWORD execute download http://download.com:8080/firmware_image.cdi
PASSWORD execute download
http://download.com:8080/firmware_image_r.cdi
Send SMS to perform firmware
upgrade when firmware is located
Not required
execute download
ftp://username:password@download.com/firmware_image.cdi
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Table 27 - SMS diagnostics example commands
on FTP server
execute download ftp://username:password@
download.com/firmware_image_r.cdi
Required
PASSWORD execute download ftp://username:password@
download.com/firmware_image.cdi
PASSWORD execute download ftp://username:password@
download.com/firmware_image_r.cdi
Send SMS to download and install
IPK package located on HTTP
server
Not required
execute download http://download.com:8080/package.ipk
Required
PASSWORD execute download http://download.com:8080/package.ipk
Send SMS to download and install
IPK package located on FTP server
Not required
execute download ftp://username:password@
download.com:8080/package.ipk
Required
PASSWORD execute download ftp://username:password@
download.com:8080/package.ipk
Send SMS to turn off PPPoE
Not required
set pppoe=0
Required
PASSWORD set pppoe=0
Send SMS to retrieve the PPPoE
status, currently configured dial
string and service name
Not required
get pppoe
Required
PASSWORD get pppoe
Send SMS to set the LED mode
timeout to 10 minutes
Not required
set ledmode=10
Required
PASSWORD set ledmode=10
Send SMS to retrieve the current
LED mode
Not required
get ledmode
Required
PASSWORD get ledmode
Retrieve current SSH protocol
Not required
get ssh.proto
Required
PASSWORD get ssh.proto
Select SSH protocol
Not required
set ssh.proto=1
Required
PASSWORD set ssh.proto=1
Retrieve password authentication
status
Not required
get ssh.passauth
Required
PASSWORD get.ssh.passauth
Enable/disable password
authentication on host
Not required
set ssh.passauth=1 or set ssh.passauth=0
Required
PASSWORD set ssh.passauth=1 or PASSWORD set ssh.passauth=0
Generate set of public/private keys
on the host
Not required
execute ssh.genkeys
Required
PASSWORD execute ssh.genkeys
Clear client public keys stored on
host
Not required
execute ssh.clearkeys
Required
PASSWORD execute ssh.clearkeys
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System
Log
The Log pages are used to display or download the System log and IPSec logs on the router.
System log
The System Log enables you to troubleshoot any issues you may be experiencing with your NWL-15 router. To access the System
Log page, click on the System menu. The System Log is displayed.
Log File
Use the Display level drop-down list to select a message level to be displayed. The message levels are described in the table below.
To download the System log for offline viewing, right-click the Download button and choose Save as.. to save the file. To clear the
System log, click the Clear button. The downloaded log file is in Linux text format with carriage return (CR) only at the end of a line,
therefore in order to be displayed correctly with new lines shown, it is recommended to use a text file viewer which displays this
format correctly (e.g. Notepad++).
Log data is stored in RAM and therefore, when the unit loses power or is rebooted, it will lose any log information stored in RAM. To
ensure that log information is accessible between reboots of the router there are two options:
1. Enable the Log to file option
2. Use a remote syslog server
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