NEC PD70732 DATA SHEET

Document No. U10691EJ3V0DS00 (3rd edition)

Date Published September 1996 P

Printed in Japan

The information in this document is subject to change without notice.

The mark ★ shows major revised points.

PD70732

MOS Integrated Circuit

V810

32-BIT MICROPROCESSOR

The µPD70732 (a.k.a. V810) microprocessor is NEC’s first microprocessor of the V810 family

for embedded

control applications.

The V810 employs a RISC architecture for embedded control applications. This product has high-speed real

time response, high-speed integer operation instruction, bit string instruction, floating-point operation instruction,

and significantly high cost performance is realized for applications such as facsimile, digital PPC, word processor,

image processor, real time control device, etc.

The functions are described in detail in the following User’s Manuals, which should be read before

starting design work.

• V805

, V810 User’s Manual Hardware : U10661E

• V810 Family User’s Manual Architecture : U10082E

Features

High-performance 32-bit architecture for embedded control application

• 32-bit separate address/data bus

• 1-Kbyte cache memory

• Pipeline structure of 1 clock pitch

• 16-bit fixed instructions (with some exceptions)

• 32-bit general-purpose registers: 32

• 4-Gbyte linear address space

• Register/flag hazard interlocked by hardware

Dynamic bus sizing function (16 bits)

16-bit bus fixing function

16-bit bus system can be configured.

Instructions ideal for various application fields

• Floating-point operation instructions (based upon IEEE754 data format)

• Bit string instructions

16 levels of high-speed interrupt responses

Clock can be stopped by internal static operation

Maximum operating frequency: 16/20/25 MHz

Low voltage: VDD = 2.7 to 3.6 V (Max. 16 MHz)

DD = 2.2 to 3.6 V (Max. 10 MHz)

Small package versions available (14 x 14 mm fine-pitch TQFP)

★

1993

DATA SHEET

µPD70732

Ordering Information

Part Number Package Max. operating freq. (MHz)

PD70732GD-16-LBB 120-pin plastic QFP (28 x 28 mm) 16

PD70732GD-20-LBB 120-pin plastic QFP (28 x 28 mm) 20

PD70732GD-25-LBB 120-pin plastic QFP (28 x 28 mm) 25

PD70732GC-25-9EV 120-pin plastic TQFP (Fine pitch) (14 x 14 mm) 25

PD70732R-25 176-pin ceramic PGA (Seam weld) 25

Pin Outline

★

V810

A31 to A1

D31 to D0

BE3 to BE0

ST1, ST0

MRQ

R/W

BCYST

BLOCK

CLK

RESET

INT

INTV3 to INTV0

NMI

HLDRQ

HLDAK

READY

SZRQ

SIZ16B

ICHEEN

ADRSERR

µPD70732

Pin Configuration

• 120-pin plastic QFP (28 x 28 mm) (Top View)

PD70732GD-xx-LBB

Cautions 1. Leave the IC1 pin open.

2. Connect the IC2 pin to GND.

Remark IC: Internally Connected

2IC1

3IC1

4IC1

5RESET

6D0

7D1

8D2

10D3

11D4

13D5

14D6

15D7

18D8

19D9

20D10

21D11

22D12

24D13

25D14

26D15

27D16

28D17

29D18

9GND

12GND

16V

17V

23GND

30GND

31V

32D19

33D20

34D21

35GND

36D22

37D23

38D24

40D26

41D27

43D29

44D30

45V

48D31

49A31

50A30

51A29

52A28

54A26

55A25

56A24

57A23

58GND

A22

39D25

42D28

46GND

47V

53A27

60V

ST0

HLDRQ

GND

SZRQ

READY

A10

A11

A12

A13

A14

A15

A16

A17

A18

A19

A20

A21

120

IC1

119

IC2

118

IC2

108

106

GND

105

SIZ16B

104 DA

GND

117

ICHEEN

116

NMI

115

INT

114

INTV0

113

INTV1

112

INTV2

111

INTV3

110

BLOCK

109

GND

107

CLK

103

102

BCYST

101

HLDAK

100

ADRSERR

BE0

BE1

BE2

BE3

R/W

MRQ

ST1

µPD70732

• 120-pin plastic TQFP (Fine pitch) (14 x 14 mm) (Top View)

PD70732GC-25-9EV

Cautions 1. VDD is power supply pin. All VDD pins should be connected to a +5V power supply (the

same power supply).

2. GND is ground pin. All GND pins should be connected to the same GND.

3. Leave the IC1 pin open.

4. Connect the IC2 pin to GND.

Remark IC: Internally Connected

GND

D18

D17

D16

D15

D14

D13

GND

D11

D10

GND

RESET

IC1

D12

D19

D20

D21

GND

D22

D23

D24

D26

D27

D29

D30

D31

A31

A30

A29

A28

A26

A25

A24

A23

GND

A22

D25

D28

GND

A27

GND

A21

A20

A10

A19

A18

A17

A16

A15

A14

A13

A12

A11

GND

READY

SZRQ

HLDRQ

ST0

120

IC1

119

IC2

118

IC2

108

106

GND

105

SIZ16B

104

GND

117

ICHEEN

116

NMI

115

INT

114

INTV0

113

INTV1

112

INTV2

111

INTV3

110

BLOCK

109

GND

107

CLK

103

102

BCYST

101

HLDAK

100

ADRSERR

BE0

BE1

BE2

BE3

R/W

MRQ

ST1

★

µPD70732

• 176-pin ceramic PGA (Seam weld)

PD70732R-25

Remark The insertion guide pin is not included in the number of pins.

No. Signal No. Signal No. Signal No. Signal

A1 IC2 B3 GND C5 VDD D7 VDD

A2 D12 B4 D11 C6 D8 D8 VDD

A3 D13 B5 GND C7 VDD D9 GND

A4 D10 B6 D7 C8 D4 D10 IC3

A5 GND B7 VDD C9 D2 D11 IC2

A6 D6 B8 D3 C10 IC3 D12 GND

A7 IC2 B9 GND C11 VDD D13 INT

A8 D5 B10 D0 C12 IC1 D14 INTV1

A9 IC2 B11 GND C13 IC2 D15 GND

A10 D1 B12 IC1 C14 VDD E1 D27

A11 VDD B13 GND C15 NMI E2 D25

A12 RESET B14 IC1 D1 D23 E3 D21

A13 IC1 B15 ICHEEN D2 D22 E4 D19

A14 IC1 C1 VDD D3 D20 E12 IC3

A15 IC2 C2 VDD D4 GND E13 INTV0

B1 D17 C3 D16 D5 D15 E14 IC3

B2 D18 C4 D14 D6 D9 E15 IC1

Bottom View Top View

Insertion

guide pin

No. 1 pin index

QPNML KJHGFEDCB A

BCDEFGHJKLMNPQ

µPD70732

No. Signal No. Signal No. Signal No. Signal

F1 VDD J4 VDD M7 VDD P4 A12

F2 D26 J12 IC2 M8 A5 P5 GND

F3 D24 J13 IC2 M9 VDD P6 A8

F4 GND J14 IC1 M10 ST1 P7 GND

F12 INTV2 J15 IC1 M11 A1 P8 A6

F13 INTV3 K1 IC2 M12 GND P9 GND

F14 VDD K2 A27 M13 BCYST P10 SZRQ

F15 GND K3 A25 M14 DA P11 GND

G1 D29 K4 A24 M15 SIZ16B P12 MRQ

G2 D28 K12 GND N1 VDD P13 GND

G3 IC2 K13 BLOCK N2 VDD P14 ADRSERR

G4 IC2 K14 VDD N3 A17 P15 BE0

G12 VDD K15 VDD N4 A15 Q1 IC2

G13 IC2 L1 A28 N5 VDD Q2 A13

G14 IC1 L2 A26 N6 A9 Q3 A14

G15 IC1 L3 A22 N7 VDD Q4 A11

H1 A31 L4 A20 N8 VDD Q5 GND

H2 D30 L12 HLDAK N9 A3 Q6 A7

H3 GND L13 VDD N10 HLDRQ Q7 IC2

H4 D31 L14 IC1 N11 VDD Q8 A4

H12 GND L15 IC1 N12 BE2 Q9 IC2

H13 CLK M1 GND N13 BE1 Q10 A2

H14 IC1 M2 A23 N14 VDD Q11 READY

H15 IC2 M3 A21 N15 IC1 Q12 ST0

J1 A30 M4 GND P1 A18 Q13 BE3

J2 A29 M5 A16 P2 A19 Q14 R/W

J3 IC2 M6 A10 P3 GND Q15 IC2

Cautions 1. Leave the IC1 pin open.

2. Connect the IC2 pin to GND.

3. Connect the IC3 pin to power supply.

Remark IC: Internally Connected

µPD70732

★

CONTENTS

1. PIN FUNCTIONS.............................................................................................................................. 8

1.1 Pin Function List................................................................................................................... 8

1.2 Pin I/O Circuits and Recommended Connection of Unused Pins................................. 10

2. REGISTER SET ............................................................................................................................... 12

2.1 Program Register Set ........................................................................................................... 13

2.2 System Register Set ............................................................................................................. 14

3. DATA TYPES ................................................................................................................................... 15

3.1 Data Types ............................................................................................................................. 15

3.1.1 Data type and addressing ......................................................................................................... 15

3.1.2 Integer ........................................................................................................................................ 16

3.1.3 Unsigned integer ....................................................................................................................... 16

3.1.4 Bit string ..................................................................................................................................... 16

3.1.5 Single-precision floating-point data .......................................................................................... 17

3.2 Data Alignment ...................................................................................................................... 17

4. ADDRESS SPACE........................................................................................................................... 18

5. BUS INTERFACE FUNCTION ......................................................................................................... 21

6. INTERRUPT AND EXCEPTION.......................................................................................................22

7. CACHE ............................................................................................................................................. 23

8. RESET .............................................................................................................................................. 24

9. INSTRUCTION SET ......................................................................................................................... 25

9.1 Instruction Format ................................................................................................................ 25

9.2 Instruction Mnemonic (in alphabetical order)................................................................... 27

10. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ....................................................................................................37

10.1 Specifications When VDD = +5 V ± 10%.............................................................................. 38

10.2 Specifications When VDD = 2.7 to 3.6 V ............................................................................. 47

10.3 Specifications When VDD = 2.2 to 3.6 V ............................................................................. 51

11. PACKAGE DRAWINGS ................................................................................................................... 59

12. RECOMMENDED SOLDERING CONDITIONS ............................................................................... 62

µPD70732

1. PIN FUNCTIONS

1.1 Pin Function List

Bus hold

status

during

operation

A31 to A1 3-state Address bus Hi-Z Hi-Z H

Note

(Address Bus) output

D31 to D0 3-state Bidirectional data bus Hi-Z Hi-Z Hi-Z

(Data Bus) I/O

BE3 to BE0 3-state Indicates valid data bus when data is accessed Hi-Z Hi-Z H

(Byte Enable) output

ST1, ST0 3-state Indicates type of bus cycle Hi-Z Hi-Z H

(Status) output

DA 3-state Strobe signal for bus cycle Hi-Z Hi-Z H

(Data Access) output

MRQ 3-state Indicates memory access Hi-Z Hi-Z H

(Memory Request) output

R/W 3-state Distinguishes between read access and write access Hi-Z Hi-Z H

(Read/Write) output

BCYST 3-state Indicates start of bus cycle Hi-Z Hi-Z H

(Bus Cycle Start) output

READY Input Extends bus cycle — — —

(Ready)

HLDRQ Input Requests bus mastership — — —

(Hold Request)

HLDAK Output Acknowledges HLDRQ L L H

(Hold Acknowledge)

SZRQ Input Requests bus sizing — — —

(Bus Sizing Request)

SIZ16B Input Fixes external data bus width to 16 bits — — —

(Bus Size 16 Bit)

BLOCK Output Requests to inhibit use of bus L L L

(Bus Lock)

ICHEEN Input Operates instruction cache — — —

(Instruction Cache Enable)

INT Input Interrupt request — — —

(Maskable Interrupt)

INTV3 to INTV0 Input Interrupt level — — —

(Interrupt Level)

Note A1 pin is “H” in the 16-bit bus fixed mode; otherwise, it is “L”.

Bus hold Bus idle

Name I/O Function status status

at reset at reset

µPD70732

Bus hold

status

during

operation

NMI Input Non-maskable interrupt request — — —

(Non-Maskable Interrupt)

CLK Input CPU clock input — — —

RESET Input Resets internal status — — —

(Reset)

ADRSERR Output Indicates that data alignment is illegal Not H H

(Address Error) affected

DD — Positive power supply — — —

(Power Supply)

GND — Ground potential (0 V) — — —

(Ground)

IC1 — Internally connected (Leave this pin open.) — — —

(Internally Connected 1)

IC2 — Internally connected (Ground this pin.) — — —

(Internally Connected 2)

IC3 — Internally connected (Connect this pin to power supply.) — — —

(Internally Connected 3)

Bus hold Bus idle

Name I/O Function status status

at reset at reset

µPD70732

1.2 Pin I/O Circuits and Recommended Connection of Unused Pins

The I/O circuit type of each pin and recommended connection of unused pins are shown in Table 1-1. Figure

1-1 shows the I/O circuit of each type.

Table 1-1. Pin I/O Circuit Types and Recommended Connection Method of Unused Pins

Pin I/O Circuit Type Recommended Connection Method

D31 to D0 5 Open

A31 to A1 4

BE3 to BE0

ST1, ST0

MRQ

R/W

BCYST

READY 1 Connect to GND via resistor

HLDRQ Connect to VDD via resistor

HLDAK 4 Open

SZRQ 1 Connect to VDD via resistor

SIZ16B Connect to GND via resistor

BLOCK 4 Open

ICHEEN 1 Connect to VDD via resistor

INT Connect to GND via resistor

INTV3 to INTV0 Connect to VDD via resistor

NMI

CLK —

RESET

ADRSERR 4 Open

IC1 —

IC2 — Connect to GND

IC3 — Connect to VDD

★

µPD70732

Type 1

Type 4

P-ch

N-ch

Type 5

P-ch

N-ch

IN/OUT

data

output

disable

input

enable

P-ch

N-ch

OUT

data

output

disable

Push-pull output that can be output high impedance

(both P-ch and N-ch are off).

Figure 1-1. Pin I/O Circuit

µPD70732

2. REGISTER SET

The registers of the V810 can be classified into two types: general-purpose program register set and dedicated

system register set. All registers are 32 bits wide.

Program register sets System register sets

31 0 31 0

r0 Zero Register EIPC Exception/Interrupt PC

r1 Reserved for Address Generation EIPSW Exception/Interrupt PSW

r2 Handler Stack Pointer (hp)

r3 Stack Pointer (sp) 31 0

r4 Global Pointer (gp) FEPC Fatal Error PC

r5 Text Pointer (tp) FEPSW Fatal Error PSW

r7 31 0

r8 ECR Exception Cause Register

r10 31 0

r11 PSW Program Status Word

r12

r13 31 0

r14 PIR Processor ID Register

r15

r16 31 0

r17 TKCW Task Control Word

r18

r19 31 0

r20 CHCW Cache Control Word

r21

r22 31 0

r23 ADTRE Address Trap Register

r24

r25

r26 String Destination Bit Offset

r27 String Source Bit Offset

r28 String Length

r29 String Destination

r30 String Source

r31 Link Pointer (lp)

31 0

PC Program Counter

★

µPD70732

2.1 Program Register Set

The program register set is composed of general-purpose registers and a program counter.

(1) General-purpose registers

Thirty-two general-purpose registers, r0 to r31, are available. All these registers can be used as data

registers or address registers.

Of these registers, r0 and r26 through r30 are implicitly used by some instructions, and r1 through r5 and

r31 are implicitly used by the assembler and C compiler. Therefore, when using these registers, it is

necessary to take special care such as saving these registers’ contents to different areas before using

these registers and restoring the contents after using them.

Table 2-1. Program Registers

r0 Zero register Always holds zeros.

r1 Register reserved for assembler Used as a working register to generate a 32-bit immediate data.

r2 Handler stack pointer Used as the stack pointer for the handler.

r3 Stack pointer Used to generate a stack frame at a function call.

r4 Global pointer Used to access a global variable in the data area.

r5 Text pointer Points the start address of the text area.

r6 to r25 — Stores address or data variables.

r26 String destination bit offset Used in a bit-string instruction execution.

r27 String source bit offset

r28 String length register

r29 String destination address register

r30 String address register

r31 Link pointer Stores the return address at execution of a JAL instruction.

(2) Program Counter

The program counter (PC) indicates the address of the instruction currently executed by the program.

Bit 0 of the PC is fixed to 0, and execution cannot branch to an odd address. The contents of the PC

are initialized to FFFFFFF0H at reset.

µPD70732

2.2 System Register Set

The system register set is composed of the following registers that perform operations such as CPU-status

control and interrupt information holding.

Table 2-2. System Register Number

Number Register Name Application Operation

0 EIPC Status saving registers The EIPC and EIPSW registers save the PC and PSW,

for exception/interrupt respectively, when an exception or interrupt occurs. Because in

the V810 the registers incorporated for this purpose are

1 EIPSW these registers only, save the contents of these registers by means

of programming if your application set can cause multiple interrupt

requests to be issued in the V810.

2 FEPC Status saving registers for The FEPC and FEPSW registers save the PC and PSW,

3 FEPSW

NMI/duplexed exception respectively, when an NMI or duplexed exception occurs.

4 ECR Exception cause register This register, when an exception, maskable interrupt, or NMI

occurs, holds its cause. This register consists of 32 bits. Its higher

16 bits, called FECC, hold the exception code for an NMI or

duplexed exception, while the lower 16 bits, called EICC, hold the

exception code for an exception or maskable interrupt.

5 PSW Program status word This register, also called the program status word, is a set of flags

indicating the statuses of the CPU and program (instruction execution

results).

6 PIR Processor ID register This register identifies the CPU type number.

7 TKCW Task control word This register controls floating-point operations.

8 to 23 Reserved

24 CHCW Cache control word This register controls the on-chip instruction cache.

25 ADTRE Address trap register This register holds an address and is used for address trapping.

When the address in this register matches the PC value, the

execution jumps to a predefined address.

26 to 31 Reserved

To read or write one of the registers shown above, specify a system register number with the system register

load (LDSR) or system register store (STSR) instruction.

µPD70732

3. DATA TYPES

3.1 Data Types

The data types supported by the V810 are as follows:

• Integer (8, 16, 32 bits)

• Unsigned integer (8, 16, 32 bits)

• Bit string

• Single-precision floating-point data (32 bits)

3.1.1 Data type and addressing

The V810 uses the little-endian data addressing. In this addressing, if a fixed-length data is located in a memory

area, the data must be either of the data types shown below.

(1) Byte

A byte is a consecutive 8-bit data whose first-bit address is aligned to a byte boundary. Each bit in a

byte is numbered from 0 to 7: LSB (the least significant bit) is bit 0 and MSB (the most significant bit)

is bit 7. To access a byte, specify address A. (See diagram below.)

(2) Halfword

A halfword is a consecutive 16-bit (= 2 bytes) data whose first-bit address is aligned to a halfword

boundary. Each bit in a halfword is numbered from 0 to 15: LSB (the least significant bit) is bit 0 and

MSB (the most significant bit) is bit 15. To access a halfword, specify the address A only (lowest bit must

be 0).

(3) Word/short real

A word, also called short real, is a consecutive 32-bit (= 4 bytes) data whose first-bit address is aligned

to a word boundary. Each bit in a word is numbered from 0 to 31: LSB (the least significant bit) is bit

0 and MSB (the most significant bit) is bit 31. To access a word or short real, specify the address A only

(lower two bits must be 0).

★

15 8 7

A + 1

31 24 23

A + 3

16 15

A + 2

A + 1

µPD70732

3.1.2 Integer

In the V810, all integers are expressed in the two’s-complement binary notation, and are composed of either

8 bits, 16 bits, or 32 bits. Regardless of the data length, bit 0 is the least significant bit, and higher-numbered

bits express higher digits of the integer with the highest bit expressing its sign.

Data Length Range

Byte 8 bits –128 to +127

Halfword 16 bits –32768 to +32767

Word 32 bits –2147483648 to +2147483647

3.1.3 Unsigned integer

An unsigned integer is either zero or a positive integer unlike the integer explained in section 3.1.2 which can

be negative as well as zero and positive. Unsigned integers are expressed in the binary notation in the same way

as integers, and are either 8 bits, 16 bits, or 32 bits long. Regardless of the data length, the bit assignments are

the same as in the case of integers except that unsigned integers do not include a sign bit; the highest bit is also

a part of the integer.

Data Length Range

Byte 8 bits 0 to 255

Halfword 16 bits 0 to 65535

Word 32 bits 0 to 4294967295

3.1.4 Bit string

A bit string is a type of data whose bit length is variable from 0 to 2

– 1. To specify a bit-string data, define

the following three attributes.

• A : address of the string data’s first word (lower two bits must be 0.)

• B : in-word bit offset in the string data (0 to 31)

• M: bit length of the string data (0 to 2

– 1)

The above three attributes may vary depending on the bit-string data manipulation direction: upward or

downward, as shown below. The former is the direction from lower addresses to higher addresses while the latter

is the direction from higher to lower addresses.

Attribute Upward Downward

First-word address (0s in bits 1 and 0) A A + 4

In-word bit offset (0 to 31) B D

Bit length (0 to 2

– 1) M M

A + 8

M– 1 0

A + 4 A (Word boundary)

µPD70732

3.1.5 Single-precision floating-point data

This data type is 32 bits long and its bit allocation complies with the IEEE single format. A single-precision

floating-point data consists of 1-bit mantissa sign bit, 8-bit exponent, and 23-bit mantissa. The exponent is offset-

expressed from the bias value – 127, and the mantissa is binary-expressed with the integer part omitted.

3.2 Data Alignment

In the V810, a word data must be aligned to a word boundary (with the lowest two bits of the address fixed

to 0s), and a halfword data to a halfword boundary (with the lowest bit of the address fixed to 0). If a data is not

aligned as specified, the lowest one bit (in the case of word) or two bits (in the case of halfword) of its address

will forcibly be masked with 0s when the data is accessed.

31 2330

s exp (8) mantissa (23)

22 0

µPD70732

4. ADDRESS SPACE

The V810 supports 4 Gbytes of linear memory space and I/O space. The CPU outputs 32-bit addresses to

the memory and I/Os; therefore, the addresses are from 0 to 2

– 1.

Bit number 0 of each byte data is defined as the LSB (Least Significant Bit), and bit number 7 is the MSB (Most

Significant Bit). Unless otherwise specified, the byte data at the lower address side of data consisting of two or

more bytes is the LSB, and the byte data at the higher address side is the MSB (little endian).

Data consisting of 2 bytes is called a halfword, and data consisting of 4 bytes is called a word. The lower address

of memory or I/O data of two or more bytes, here, is shown on the right, and the higher address is shown on the

left, as follows:

Byte of address A

Halfword of address A

Word/short real of address A

A (address)

7015 8

A (address)A + 1

7015 823 1631 24

AA + 1A + 2A + 3

★

µPD70732

Figure 4-1 shows the memory map of the V810, and Figure 4-2 shows the I/O map.

Figure 4-1. Memory Map

Note For the details, refer to Table 6-1 Exception Codes.

FFFFFFFFH

FFFFFE00H

FFFFFDFFH

Interrupt handler table

Note

General use

00000000H

µPD70732

Figure 4-2. I/O Map

FFFFFFFFH

General use

00000000H

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