LM4921
Low Voltage I2S 16-Bit Stereo DAC with Stereo
Headphone Power Amplifiers and Volume Control
January 2004
LM4921 Low Voltage I
Control
General Description
The LM4921 combines a 16-bit resolution stereo I2S input
digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with a stereo headphone
audio power amplifier. It is primarily designed for demanding
applications in mobile phones and other portable communication device applications. The LM4921 features an I
serial interface for the digital audio information and a 16-bit
SPI serial interface for internal register control and communication. With AV
single-ended load to a 26mW
(THD+N) of the LM4921 will be less than 0.5%. The LM4921
also features a programmable 32-step digital volume control
accessed through an SPI interface.
Boomer audio power amplifiers were designed specifically to
provide high quality output power with a minimal amount of
external components. It is, therefore, ideally suited for mobile phone and other low voltage applications where minimal
power consumption is a primary requirement.
The LM4921 features a low-power consumption shutdown
mode, and also has an internal thermal shutdown protection
mechanism.
and DVDD= 3.0VDCand driving a 32Ω
DD
output level the distortion
RMS
2
Key Specifications
j
PSRR at 217Hz, A/DVDD= 3V, (Fig. 1)52dB (typ)
j
P
at AVDD= 3.0V, 32Ω
OUT
<
0.05% THD13mW (typ)
S
<
0.5% THD26mW (typ)
j
Supply voltage range
DV
DD
AV
(Note 8)2.6V to 5.5V
DD
j
Shutdown current1µA (typ)
Features
n 16-bit resolution stereo DAC
2
n I
S digital audio data serial interface
n SPI serial interface (control register)
n Volume Control (32 steps; 1.5 dB increments)
n Up to 50mW/channel stereo headphone amplifier
n Zero Crossing Detection for Silent Attenuation Steps
n 2.6V
n 2.6V
n Unity-gain stable headphone amplifiers
n Available in the 20-bump microSMD package
to 5.0VDCdigital supply voltage range
DC
to 5.5VDCanalog supply voltage range (Note 8)
DC
Applications
n Mobile phones
n PDAs
n Portable electronic devices
2.6V to 5.0V
2
S 16-Bit Stereo DAC with Stereo Headphone Power Amplifiers and Volume
Boomer®is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
PIN DESCRIPTION
Input-I, Output-O,
Power-P, No Connect-NC
point
PAnalog supply
PDigital Supply
www.national.com4
LM4921
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 1, 2)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
The following specifications apply for the circuit shown in Figure 1 unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for T
= 25˚C.
A
LM4921
SymbolParameterConditions
LM4921
TypicalLimit
(Note 6)(Notes 7, 9)
Units
(Limits)
Resolution16Bits
2
I
SAudio Data Interface FormatStandard, I2S, Left Justified
f
MCLK
Master Clock Frequency11.2896
MHz
(256FS)
f
CONV
V
IL
Sampling Clock Frequency Range44.148kHz
Digital Input: Logic Low Voltage
0.3XDV
V (max)
DD
Level
V
IH
Digital Input: Logic High Voltage
0.7XDV
DD
V (min)
Level
t
ES
t
EH
t
EL
t
DS
t
DH
t
CS
t
CH
t
CL
f
CLK
t
CLKI
2
t
HII
2
t
LOI
t
SLRCLK
t
HLRCLK
2
t
SDI
t
HDI
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is
functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC andAC electrical specifications under particular test conditions which
guarantee specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the Operating Ratings. Specifications are not guaranteed for parameters where no limit
is given, however, the typical value is a good indication of device performance.
Note 2: All voltages are measured with respect to the GND pin, unless otherwise specified.
Note 3: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by T
allowable power dissipation is P
Note 4: Human body model, 100pF discharged through a 1.5kΩ resistor.
Note 5: Machine Model, 220pF – 240pF discharged through all pins.
Note 6: Typicals are measured at 25˚C and represent the parametric norm.
Note 7: Limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).
Note 8: Best operation is achieved by maintaining 3.0V ≤ AV
Note 9: Datasheet min/max specification limits are guaranteed by design, test, or statistical analysis.
SPI_ENB Setup Time20ns (min)
SPI_ENB Hold Time20ns (min)
SPI_ENB Low Time30ns (min)
SPI_Data Setup Time20ns (min)
SPI_Data Hold Time20ns (min)
SPI_CLK Setup Time20ns (min)
SPI_CLK High Pulse Width100ns (min)
SPI_CLK Low Pulse Width100ns (min)
SPI_CLK Frequency5MHz (max)
2
SI2S_CLK Period50ns (min)
SI
S
2
S_CLK High Pulse Width20ns (min)
2
S_CLK Low Pulse Width20ns (min)
I
2
I
S_LRCLK Duty Cycle50%
I2S_LRCLK to I2S_CLK Setup Time20ns (min)
I2S_LRCLK to I2S_CLK Hold Time20ns (min)
SI2S_Data to I2S_CLK Setup Time20ns (min)
2
SI2S_Data to I2S_CLK Hold Time20ns (min)
, θJA, and the ambient temperature TA. The maximum
DMAX
=(T
)/θJAor the number given in Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower.
JMAX–TA
≤ 5.0V and 3.0V ≤ DVDD≤ 5.0V.
DD
JMAX
www.national.com7
Typical Performance Characteristics
LM4921
THD+N vs Output PowerTHD+N vs Output Power
Analog VDD= 5V, Digital VDD=3V
200486G9
=32Ω, 44.1 kHz Sample Rate
R
L
R & L Channels, Vol = 3dB, Frequency in = 1kHz
THD+N vs Output PowerTHD+N vs Frequency
Analog VDD= 2.6V, Digital VDD= 2.6V
200486G7
=32Ω, 44.1 kHz Sample Rate
R
L
R & L Channels Shown, Vol = 3dB, Frequency in = 1kHz
THD+N vs FrequencyTHD+N vs Frequency
Analog VDD= 3V, Digital VDD=3V
200486G8
=32Ω, 44.1 kHz Sample Rate
R
L
R & L Channels Shown, Vol = 3dB, Frequency in = 1kHz
Analog VDD= 5V, Digital VDD=3V
200486G6
=32Ω, Power Level = 50mW
R
L
R & L Channels Shown, 44.1kHz Sample Rate
Analog VDD= 3V, Digital VDD=3V
200486G5
=32Ω, Power Level = 12mW
R
L
R & L Channels Shown, 44.1kHz Sample Rate
www.national.com8
Analog VDD= 2.6V, Digital VDD= 2.6V
200486G4
=32Ω, Power Level = 12mW
R
L
R & L Channels Shown, 44.1kHz Sample Rate
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
CrosstalkFrequency Response
LM4921
Analog VDD= 3V, Digital VDD=3V
200486C7
RL=32Ω, Vol = 3dB
44.1kHz Sample Rate, -3dB FFS
LinearityLinearity
Analog VDD= 5V, Digital VDD=3V
200486E3
=32Ω, 44.1kHz Sample Rate
R
L
Noise FloorNoise Floor
Analog VDD= 5V, Digital VDD=3V
200486E1
RL=32Ω, Vol = 0dB
44.1kHz Sample Rate, 0dB FFS
Analog VDD= 3V, Digital VDD=3V
200486E2
=32Ω, 44.1kHz Sample Rate
R
L
Analog VDD= 5V, Digital VDD=3V
=32Ω, Vol = 3dB, 44.1kHz Sample Rate
R
L
200486F0
Analog VDD= 3V, Digital VDD=3V
=32Ω, Vol = 0dB, 44.1kHz Sample Rate
R
L
200486E9
www.national.com9
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
LM4921
PSRR vs FrequencyPSRR vs Frequency
Analog VDD= 5V, Digital VDD=3V
=32Ω, Vol = 3dB, 44.1kHz Sample Rate
R
L
@
1kHz -60dBFFT@1kHz 0dB
FFT
200486G3
Analog VDD= 3V, Digital VDD=3V
=32Ω, Vol = 0dB, 44.1kHz Sample Rate
R
L
200486E7
Analog VDD= 5V, Digital VDD=3V
200486D1
=32Ω, Vol = 3dB, 44.1kHz Sample Rate
R
L
@
1kHz -60dBFFT@1kHz 0dB
FFT
200486D0
Analog VDD= 3V, Digital VDD=3V
=32Ω, Vol = 0dB, 44.1kHz Sample Rate
R
L
www.national.com10
Analog VDD= 5V, Digital VDD=3V
=32Ω, Vol = 3dB, 44.1kHz Sample Rate
R
L
Analog VDD= 3V, Digital VDD=3V
=32Ω, Vol = 0dB, 44.1kHz Sample Rate
R
L
200486C9
200486F7
Application Information
SPI OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTION
The serial data bits are organized into a field which contains 16 bits of data defined by TABLE 1. Bits1&2determine the output
mode of the LM4921 as shown in TABLE 2. Bits 7 through 11 determine the volume level setting as illustrated by TABLE 3. Bit
12 sets the Bypass capacitor charging time.
Table 1. Bit Allocation
BIT #Default ValFunctionDescription
0 (LSB)0RESET_BRESET_B = 0, Resets the DAC
Must be high for the part to run.
10
20
30MASTER/SLAVE0 = SLAVE, 1 = MASTER
40RESOLUTION0 = 16 bit,1=32bit
50RESERVEDShould always be set to ’1’
60ZERO CROSSING SET0 = ZXD ENABLE,1=ZXD
70VOLUME CONTROLSee Table3-Volume Control
80
90
100
110
120BYP CHARGE RATE0 = 1X,1=2X
130RESERVED
140RESERVED
15 (MSB)0RESERVEDShould always be set to ’0’
MODE CONTROLSee Table 2
DISABLE
Settings
LM4921
MODE CONTROL
Sets the modes as outlined in Table 2.
Table 2. Output Mode Selection (Bits1&2above)
Output Mode #BIT 2BIT 1MODE
000SD
101STANDBY
210MUTE
311ACTIVE
Shutdown turns off the part completely for maximum power savings. The Standby mode turns off the clock but still consumes
more power than the shutdown mode. However, coming out of standby mode allows the part to turn back on faster than from
shutdown. In Mute mode the clocks remain on which uses more power but allows faster recovery and the ability to supply clock
signals to other devices which is important when the part is used in master mode. Active mode turns the part on for normal
operation.
MASTER/SLAVE SELECT
Allows the part to act as a master and supply the clock for
the rest of the system or be a slave to the system clock.
RESOLUTION SET
Sets the resolution to be either 16 or 32 bits of stereo audio
information. For most applications this will be set at 16 bits.
ZERO CROSSING DETECT SET
This pin turns on the zero crossing detection circuit. With this
circuit enabled the part will not allow a volume step change,
or shutdown mode, or standby mode to occur until the audio
input signal passes through zero. This pin should be set to
on for most applications.
www.national.com11
Application Information (Continued)
VOLUME CONTROL
LM4921
The internal Stereo Volume Control is set by changing bits 7 through 11 in the SPI interface, as shown in table 3 below. The zero
dB setting is for 3V VDD operation and the +3dB is for 5V VDD.
Table 3. Volume Control Settings
Gain (dB)
HP_L & HP_R
-43.500000
-42.000001
-40.500010
-39.000011
-37.500100
-36.000101
-34.500110
-33.000111
-31.501000
-30.001001
-28.501010
-27.001011
-25.501100
-24.001101
-22.501110
-21.001111
-19.510000
-18.010001
-16.510010
-15.010011
-13.510100
-12.010101
-10.510110
-9.010111
-7.511000
-6.011001
-4.511010
-3.011011
-1.511100
0.011101
1.511110
3.011111
Bit 11Bit 10Bit 9Bit 8Bit 7
BYPASS CHARGE RATE BIT 12
This control pin allows the user to change the Bypass Capacitor’s charge rate by a factor of two. Setting this bit at
zero will set the circuit to it’s normal 1x rate. Setting the bit to
High will double the charge rate and allow the part to turn on
faster with a slight degradation in turn on click/pop noise.
SPI CONTROL INTERFACE BUS (J1)
SPI DATA: This is the serial data pin.
SPI CLK: This is the clock input pin.
SPI ENABLE: This is the SPI enable pin.
www.national.com12
BITS 5, 13,14, and 15
Bits 13, 14, and 15 are all reserve bits and must be set to
low/zero/ground.
Bit 5 must be set High.
Application Information (Continued)
SPI TIMING DIAGRAM
LM4921
200486G1
SPI OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
1. The maximum clock rate is 5MHz for the CLK pin.
2. CLK must remain logic-high for at least 100ns (tCH) after
the rising edge of CLK, and CLK must remain logic-low for at
least 100ns (t
) after the falling edge of CLK.
CL
3. Data bits are written to the DATA pin with the least
significant bit (LSB) first.
4. The serial data bits are sampled at the rising edge of CLK.
Any transition on DATA must occur at least 20ns (t
) before
DS
the rising edge of CLK. Also, any transition on DATA must
occur at least 20ns (t
) after the rising edge of CLK and
DH
stabilize before the next rising edge of CLK.
5. ENABLE should be logic-high only during serial data
transmission.
6. ENABLE must be logic-high at least 20ns (t
) before the
ES
first rising edge of CLK, and ENABLE has to remain logichigh at least 20ns (t
) after the sixteenth rising edge of
EH
CLK.
7. If ENABLE remains logic-low for more than 10ns before all
16 bits are transmitted then the data latch will be aborted.
8. If ENABLE is logic-high for more than 16 CLK pulses then
only the first 16 data bits will be latched and activated at
rising edge of sixteenth CLK.
9. ENABLE must remain logic-low for at least 30ns (t
).
EL
10. Coincidental rising or falling edges of CLK and ENABLE
are not allowed. If CLK is to be held logic-high after the data
transmission, the falling edge of CLK must occur at least
20ns (t
) before ENABLE transitions to logic-high for the
CS
next set of data.
audio DAC. This interface uses a three wire system of clock
(I2S_CLK), data (I2S_DATA), and word select (I2S_WS,
sometimes called Right/Left Select).
A bit clock (I2S_CLK) at 32 or 64 times the sample frequency
is established by the I2S system master and the word select
(I2S_WS) line is driven at a frequency equal to the sampling
rate of the audio data, in this case 48kHz. The word line is
registered to change on the negative edge of the bit clock.
The serial data (I2S_DATA) is sent MSB first, again registers
on the negative edge of the bit clock, delayed by 1 bit clock
cycle relative to the changing of the word line (typical I
2
format).
MCLK/XTAL_IN (S1 MCLK SEL - Fig 2)
This is the input for an external Master Clock. The jumper at
S1 must be removed (disconnecting the onboard crystal
from the circuit) when using an external Master Clock.
STEREO HEADPHONE OUTPUT JACK (J3 - Fig 2)
This is the stereo headphone output. Each channel is singleended, with 100uF DC output blocking capacitors mounted
on the demo board (C6 and C7). These capacitors are
necessary to block the 1/2 VDD DC bias and prevent it from
flowing through the headphone speakers (DC current will
destroy most audio speakers) while allowing the audio ac
signal to pass through. The jack features a typical stereo
headphone pinout.
S
I2S INTERFACE BUS (J2 - Fig 2)
The I2S standard provides a uni-directional serial interface
designed specifically for digital audio. For the LM4921, the
interface provides access to a 48kHz, 16 bit full-range stereo
www.national.com13
Application Information (Continued)
LM4921ITL DEMO BOARD OPERATION
LM4921
The LM4921ITL demo board is a complete evaluation platform (Note 10), designed to give easy access to the control pins of the
part and comprise all the necessary external passive components. There are separate analog and digital supply connectors, SPI
interface bus (J1) for the control lines, I
external MCLK input (P1) for use in place of the crystal on the demoboard.
2
S interface bus (J2) for full-range digital audio, stereo headphone output (J3), and an
FIGURE 2. LM4921ITL Demo Board Schematic
Note 10: Parallel Port SPI Interface Card and control software available.
200486G2
www.national.com14
Application Information (Continued)
DEMO BOARD BILL OF MATERIALS
National Semiconductor Corporation Bill of Material
S 16-Bit Stereo DAC with Stereo Headphone Power Amplifiers and Volume
2
LM4921 Low Voltage I
LIFE SUPPORT POLICY
NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL
COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant
into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and
whose failure to perform when properly used in
accordance with instructions for use provided in the
2. A critical component is any component of a life
support device or system whose failure to perform
can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of
the life support device or system, or to affect its
safety or effectiveness.
labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a
significant injury to the user.
BANNED SUBSTANCE COMPLIANCE
National Semiconductor certifies that the products and packing materials meet the provisions of the Customer Products
Stewardship Specification (CSP-9-111C2) and the Banned Substances and Materials of Interest Specification
(CSP-9-111S2) and contain no ‘‘Banned Substances’’ as defined in CSP-9-111S2.
National Semiconductor
Americas Customer
Support Center
Email: new.feedback@nsc.com
Tel: 1-800-272-9959
www.national.com
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
National Semiconductor
Europe Customer Support Center