National Semiconductor LM1036 Technical data

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LM1036
Dual DC Operated Tone/Volume/Balance Circuit

LM1036 Dual DC Operated Tone/Volume/Balance Circuit

January 1995

General Description

The LM1036 is a DC controlled tone (bass/treble), volume
and balance circuit for stereo applications in car radio, TV
and audio systems. An additional control input allows loud­ness compensation to be simply effected.

Four control inputs provide control of the bass, treble, bal­ance and volume functions through application of DC volt­ages from a remote control system or, alternatively,fromfour
potentiometers which may be biased from a zener regulated
supply provided on the circuit.

Each tone response is defined by a single capacitor chosen
to give the desired characteristic.

Block and Connection Diagram

Dual-In-Line Package

Features

n Wide supply voltage range, 9V to 16V
n Large volume control range, 75 dB typical
n Tone control,
n Channel separation, 75 dB typical
n Low distortion, 0.06%typical for an input level of 0.3

Vrms

n High signal to noise, 80 dB typical for an input level of

0.3 Vrms

n Few external components required

±

15 dB typical

DS005142-1

Order Number LM1036N

See NS Package Number N20A

© 1999 National Semiconductor Corporation DS005142 www.national.com

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.

Supply Voltage 16V
Control Pin Voltage (Pins 4, 7, 9, 12, 14) V

Storage Temperature Range −65˚C to +150˚C
Power Dissipation 1W
Lead Temp. (Soldering, 10 seconds) 260˚C

Note 1: “Absolute Maximum Ratings” indicate limits beyond which damage
to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the
device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits.

CC

Operating Temperature Range 0˚C to +70˚C

Electrical Characteristics

=

V

CC

Supply Voltage Range Pin 11 9 16 V
Supply Current 35 45 mA
Zener Regulated Output Pin 17

Voltage 5.4 V
Current 5mA

Maximum Output Voltage Pins 8, 13; f=1 kHz

Maximum Input Voltage Pins 2, 19; f=1 kHz, V

Input Resistance Pins 2, 19; f=1 kHz 20 30 kΩ
Output Resistance Pins 8, 13; f=1 kHz 20 Ω
Maximum Gain V(Pin 12)=V(Pin 17); f=1 kHz −2 0 2 dB
Volume Control Range f=1 kHz 70 75 dB
Gain Tracking f=1 kHz
Channel 1–Channel 2 0 dB through −40 dB 1 3 dB

Balance Control Range Pins 8, 13; f=1 kHz 1 dB

Bass Control Range f=40 Hz, C
(Note 3) V(Pin 14)=V(Pin 17) 12 15 18 dB

Treble Control Range f=16 kHz, C
(Note 3) V(Pin 4)=V(Pin 17) 12 15 18 dB

Total Harmonic Distortion f=1 kHz, V

Channel Separation f=1 kHz, Maximum Gain 60 75 dB
Signal/Noise Ratio Unweighted 100 Hz–20 kHz 80 dB

Output Noise Voltage at CCIR/ARM (Note 4) 10 16 µV
Minimum Gain
Supply Ripple Rejection 200 mVrms, 1 kHz Ripple 35 50 dB
Control Input Currents Pins 4, 7, 9, 12, 14 (V=0V) −0.6 −2.5 µA
Frequency Response −1 dB (Flat Response 250 kHz

Note 2: The maximum permissible input level is dependent on tone and volume settings. See Application Notes.

=

12V, T

25˚C (unless otherwise stated)

A

Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units

=

V

9V, Maximum Gain 0.8 Vrms

CC

=

V

12V 0.8 1.0 Vrms

CC

2V 1.3 1.6 Vrms

CC

Gain=−10 dB

−40 dB through −60 dB 2 dB

−26 −20 dB

=

0.39 µF

b

V(Pin 14)=0V −12 −15 −18 dB

,=0.01 µF

t

V(Pin 4)=0V −12 −15 −18 dB

=

0.3 Vrms

IN

Gain=0 dB 0.06 0.3
Gain=−30 dB 0.03

Maximum Gain, 0 dB=0.3 Vrms
CCIR/ARM (Note 4)
Gain=0 dB, V
Gain=−20 dB, V

=

0.3 Vrms 75 79 dB

IN

=

1.0 Vrms 72 dB

IN

20 Hz–16 kHz)

%
%

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Electrical Characteristics (Continued)

Note 3: The tone control range is defined by capacitors Cband Ct. See Application Notes.
Note 4: Gaussian noise, measured over a period of 50 ms per channel, with a CCIR filter referenced to 2 kHz and an average-responding meter.

Typical Performance Characteristics

Volume Control
Characteristics

Tone Characteristic (Gain
vs Frequency)

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Balance Control
Characteristic

Tone Characteristic (Gain
vs Frequency)

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Tone Control Characteristic

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Loudness Compensated
Volume Characteristic

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Input Signal Handling vs
Supply Voltage

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THD vs Gain

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Channel Separation vs
Frequency

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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)

Loudness Control
Characteristic

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Output Noise Voltage
vs Gain

Application Notes

TONE RESPONSE

The maximum boost and cut can be optimized for individual
applications by selection of the appropriate values of C
(treble) and Cb(bass).

The tone responses are defined by the relationships:

=

Where a
tively and a

For the values of C
in the Application Circuit, 15 dBof boost or cut is obtained at
40 Hz and 16 kHz.

ZENER VOLTAGE

A zener voltage (pin 17=5.4V) is provided which may be
used to bias the control potentiometers. Setting a DC level of
one half of the zener voltage on the control inputs, pins 4, 9,
and 14, results in thebalanced gain and flat response condi­tion. Typical spread on the zener voltage is
this must be taken into account if control signals are used
which are not referenced to the zener voltage. If this is the
case, then they will needto be derived with similar accuracy.

LOUDNESS COMPENSATION

A simple loudness compensation may be effected by apply­ing a DC control voltage to pin 7. This operates on the tone
control stages to produce an additional boost limited by the

=

a

0 for maximum bass and treble boost respec-

b

t

=

=

a

1 for maximum cut.

b

t

and Ctof 0.39 µF and 0.01 µF as shown

b

±

100 mV and

THD vs Input Voltage

DS005142-30

maximum boost defined by C
compensation when pin 7 is connected to pin 17. Pin 7 can
be connected to pin 12 to give the loudness compensated

t

volume characteristic as illustrated without the addition of

and Ct. There is no loudness

b

further external components. (Tone settings are for flat re­sponse, C
tion to the loudness characteristic is possible by changing
the capacitors C
a resistor network between pins 7 and 12 for a different

and Ctas given in Application Circuit.) Modifica-

b

and Ctfor a different basic response or,by

b

threshold and slope.

SIGNAL HANDLING

The volume control function of the LM1036 is carried out in
two stages, controlled by the DC voltage on pin 12, to im­prove signal handling capability and provide a reduction of
output noise level at reduced gain. The first stage is before
the tone control processing and provides an initial 15 dB of
gain reduction, so ensuring that the tone sections are not
overdriven by large input levels when operating with a low
volume setting.Any combination of toneand volume settings
may be used provided the output level does not exceed
1 Vrms, V

<

(

−6 dB)the input stage will overload if the input level ex­ceeds 1.6 Vrms, V
volume control on the input stages, the inputs may be oper-

=

12V (0.8 Vrms, V

CC

=

12V (1.1 Vrms, V

CC

=

9V). At reduced gain

CC

CC

ated with a lower overload margin than would otherwise be
acceptable, allowing a possible improvement in signal to
noise ratio.

DS005142-31

=

9V). As there is

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Application Circuit

Applications Information

OBTAINING MODIFIED RESPONSE CURVES

The LM1036 is a dual DC controlled bass, treble, balance
and volume integrated circuit ideal for stereo audio systems.

In the various applications where the LM1036 can be used,
there may be requirements for responses different to those
of the standard application circuit given in the data sheet.
This application section details some of the simplevariations
possible on the standard responses, to assist the choice of
optimum characteristics for particular applications.

TONE CONTROLS

Summarizing the relationship given in the data sheet, basi­cally for an increase in the treble control range C
creased, and for increased bass range C

Figure 1

standard application circuit. (C
sponse curves are given for various amounts of boost and

shows the typical tone response obtained in the

=

0.01 µF, C

t

cut.

must be in-

t

must be reduced.

b

=

0.39 µF). Re-

b

DS005142-3

Figure 2

and

Figure 3

sponse defining capacitors C
C

/4 respectively, giving increased tone control ranges. The

b

values of the bypass capacitors may become significant and

show the effect of changing the re-

and Cbto 2Ct, Cb/2 and 4Ct,

t

affect the lower frequencies in the bass response curves.

DS005142-5

FIGURE 2. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency)

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FIGURE 1. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency)

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FIGURE 3. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency)

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Applications Information (Continued)

Figure 4

shows the effect of changing Ctand Cbin the oppo­site direction to C
ranges. The various results corresponding to the different C
and Cbvalues may be mixed if it is required to givea particu­lar emphasis to, for example, the bass control. The particular
case with C

Restriction of Tone Control Action at High or Low
Frequencies

It may be desired in some applications to level off the tone
responses above or below certain frequencies for example
to reduce high frequence noise.

This may be achieved for the treble response by including a
resistor in series with C
dB less than the standard circuit when R=X

Asimilar effect may beobtained for thebass response byre­ducing the value of the AC bypass capacitors on pins 5
(channel 1) and 16 (channel 2). The internal resistance at
these pins is 1.3 kΩ and the bass boost/cut will be approxi­mately 3 dB less with X
modified response curves is shown in
coupling capacitors may also modify the low frequency re­sponse.

It will be seen from
and Cbfor greater control range also has the effect of flatten­ing the tone control extremes and this may be utilized, with
or without additional modification as outlined above, for the
most suitable tone control range and response shape.

Other Advantages of DC Controls

The DC controls make the addition of other features easy to
arrange. For example, the negative-going peaks of the out­put amplifiers may be detected below a certain level, and
used to bias back the bass control from a high boost condi­tion, to prevent overloading the speaker with low frequency
components.

LOUDNESS CONTROL

The loudness control is achieved through control of the tone
sections by the voltage applied to pin 7; therefore, the tone
and loudness functions are not independent. There is nor­mally 1 dB more bass than treble boost (40 Hz–16 kHz) with
loudness control in the standard circuit. If a greater differ­ence is desired, it is necessary to introduce an offset by
means of C
ranges.

Figure 7

standard application circuit at various volume levels

=

(C

0.39 µF).

b

/2, 2Cbrespectively giving reduced control

t

/2, Ctis illustrated in

b

. The treble boost and cut will be 3

t

C

Figure 2

or Cbor by changing the nominal control voltage

t

Figure 5

.

.

C

at this value. An example of such

Figure 6

. The input

and

Figure 3

that modifying C

shows the typical loudness curves obtained in the

t

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FIGURE 4. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency)

t

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FIGURE 5. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency)

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FIGURE 6. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency)

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FIGURE 7. Loudness Compensated Volume

Characteristic

Figure 8

and

Figure 9

obtained with C

illustrate the loudness characteristics

changed to Cb/2 and Cb/4 respectively, C

b

DS005142-10

t

Applications Information (Continued)

being kept at the nominal 0.01 µF. These values naturally
modify the bass tone response as in

With pins 7 (loudness) and 12 (volume) directly connected,
loudness control starts at typically −8 dB volume, with most
of the control action complete by −30 dB.

Figure 10

and

Figure 11

show the effect of resistively offset­ting the voltage applied to pin 7 towards the control refer­ence voltage (pin 17). Because the control inputs are high
impedance, this is easily done and high value resistors may
be used for minimal additional loading. It is possible to re­duce the rate of onset of control to extend the active range to

−50 dB volume control and below.
The control on pin 7 may also be divided down towards

ground bringing the control action on earlier. This is illus­trated in

Figure 12

, With a suitable level shifting network be­tween pins 12 and 7, the onset of loudness control and its
rate of change may be readily modified.

FIGURE 8. Loudness Compensated Volume

Characteristic

Figure 2

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and

Figure 3

.

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FIGURE 9. Loudness Compensated Volume

Characteristic

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FIGURE 10. Loudness Compensated Volume

Characteristic

FIGURE 11. Loudness Compensated Volume

Characteristic

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FIGURE 12. Loudness Compensated Volume Characteristic

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Applications Information (Continued)

When adjusted for maximum boost in the usual application
circuit, the LM1036 cannot give additional boost from the
loudness control with reducing gain. If it is required, some
additional boost can be obtained by restricting the tone con­trol range and modifying C
lustrating this for the case of bass boost is shown in Figure

13. The resulting responses are given in
the continuing loudness control action possible with bass
boost previously applied.

FIGURE 13. Modified Application Circuit for Additional Bass Boost with Loudness Control

, to compensate. A circuit il-

t,Cb

Figure 14

showing

USE OF THE LM1036 ABOVE AUDIO FREQUENCIES

The LM1036 has a basic response typically 1 dB down at
250 kHz (tone controls flat) and therefore by scaling C
C

, it is possible to arrange for operation over a wide fre-

t

quency range for possible use in wide band equalization ap­plications. As an example
obtained centered on 10 kHz with C

=

C

0.001 µF.

t

Figure 15

DS005142-16

shows the responses

=

0.039 µF and

b

and

b

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FIGURE 14. Loudness Compensated Volume

Characteristic

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DS005142-18

FIGURE 15. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency)

Simplified Schematic Diagram (One Channel)

*Connections reversed

DS005142-19

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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N)

Order Number LM1036N

NS Package Number N20A

LM1036 Dual DC Operated Tone/Volume/Balance Circuit

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