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ADC081S051
Single Channel, 500 kSPS, 8-Bit A/D Converter
ADC081S051 Single Channel, 500 kSPS, 8-Bit A/D Converter
April 2005
General Description
The ADC081S051 is a low-power, single channel CMOS
8-bit analog-to-digital converter with a high-speed serial interface. Unlike the conventional practice of specifying performance at a single sample rate only, the ADC081S051 is
fully specified over a sample rate range of 200 kSPS to 500
kSPS. The converter is based on a successiveapproximation register architecture with an internal trackand-hold circuit.
The output serial data is straight binary, and is compatible
with several standards, such as SPI
MICROWIRE, and many common DSP serial interfaces.
The ADC081S051 operates with a single supply that can
range from +2.7V to +5.25V. Normal power consumption
using a +3V or +5V supply is 2.9 mW and 10.5 mW, respectively. The power-down feature reduces the power consumption to as low as 2.6 µW using a +5V supply.
The ADC081S051 is packaged in an 6-lead LLP package.
Operation over the industrial temperature range of −40˚C to
+85˚C is guaranteed.
™
, QSPI™,
Features
n Specified over a range of sample rates.
n 6-lead LLP package
n Variable power management
n Single power supply with 2.7V - 5.25V range
™
n SPI
/QSPI™/MICROWIRE/DSP compatible
Key Specifications
n DNL + 0.07 / −0.06 LSB (typ)
n INL + 0.06 / −0.07 LSB (typ)
n SNR 49.6 dB (typ)
n Power Consumption
— 3V Supply 2.9 mW (typ)
— 5V Supply 10.5 mW (typ)
Applications
n Portable Systems
n Remote Data Aquisitions
n Instrumentation and Control Systems
Pin-Compatible Alternatives by Resolution and Speed
All devices are fully pin and function compatible.
Resolution Specified for Sample Rate Range of:
50 to 200 kSPS 200 to 500 kSPS 500 kSPS to 1 MSPS
12-bit ADC121S021 ADC121S051 ADC121S101
10-bit ADC101S021 ADC101S051 ADC081S101
8-bit ADC081S021 ADC081S051 ADC081S101
Connection Diagram
20145505
Ordering Information
Order Code Temperature Range Description Top Mark
ADC081S051CISD −40˚C to +85˚C 6-Lead LLP Package X6C
ADC081S051CISDX −40˚C to +85˚C 6-Lead LLP Package, Tape & Reel X6C
TRI-STATE®is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation
™
QSPI
and SPI™are trademarks of Motorola, Inc.
© 2005 National Semiconductor Corporation DS201455 www.national.com
Block Diagram
ADC081S051
Pin Descriptions and Equivalent Circuits
Pin No. Symbol Description
ANALOG I/O
3V
DIGITAL I/O
4 SCLK Digital clock input. This clock directly controls the conversion and readout processes.
5 SDATA
6CS
POWER SUPPLY
1V
2 GND The ground return for the supply and signals.
IN
A
Analog inputs. This signal can range from 0V to VA.
Digital data output. The output samples are clocked out of this pin on falling edges of
the SCLK pin.
Chip select. On the falling edge of CS, a conversion process begins.
Positive supply pin. This pin should be connected to a quiet +2.7V to +5.25V source
and bypassed to GND witha1µFcapacitor and a 0.1 µF monolithic capacitor located
within 1 cm of the power pin.
20145507
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ADC081S051
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 1, 2)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Analog Supply Voltage V
A
Voltage on Any Pin to GND −0.3V to V
Input Current at Any Pin (Note 3)
Package Input Current (Note 3)
Power Consumption at T
= 25˚C See (Note 4)
A
ESD Susceptibility (Note 5)
Human Body Model
Machine Model
Junction Temperature +150˚C
Storage Temperature −65˚C to +150˚C
−0.3V to 6.5V
+0.3V
A
±
10 mA
±
20 mA
3500V
300V
Operating Ratings (Notes 1, 2)
Operating Temperature Range −40˚C ≤ T
V
Supply Voltage +2.7V to +5.25V
A
Digital Input Pins Voltage Range −0.3V to V
Clock Frequency 4 MHz to 10 MHz
Sample Rate up to 500 kSPS
Analog Input Voltage 0V to V
Package Thermal Resistance
Package θ
6-lead LLP 78˚C / W
Soldering process must comply with National Semiconductor’s Reflow Temperature Profile specifications. Refer to
www.national.com/packaging. (Note 6)
ADC081S051 Converter Electrical Characteristics (Note 9)
The following specifications apply for VA= +2.7V to 5.25V, GND = 0V, f
f
= 200 kSPS to 500 kSPS, unless otherwise noted. Boldface limits apply for TA=T
SAMPLE
25˚C.
Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical
STATIC CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS
Resolution with No Missing Codes 8 Bits
INL Integral Non-Linearity
DNL Differential Non-Linearity
V
OFF
Offset Error +0.03
GE Gain Error
TUE Total Unadjusted Error
DYNAMIC CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS
V
= +2.7 to 5.25V
SINAD Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion Ratio
SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio
THD Total Harmonic Distortion
SFDR Spurious-Free Dynamic Range
ENOB Effective Number of Bits
Intermodulation Distortion, Second
IMD
Order Terms
Intermodulation Distortion, Third
Order Terms
FPBW -3 dB Full Power Bandwidth
A
= 100 kHz, −0.02 dBFS
f
IN
V
= +2.7 to 5.25V
A
= 100 kHz, −0.02 dBFS
f
IN
V
= +2.7 to 5.25V
A
= 100 kHz, −0.02 dBFS
f
IN
V
= +2.7 to 5.25V
A
= 100 kHz, −0.02 dBFS
f
IN
V
= +2.7 to 5.25V
A
= 100 kHz, −0.02 dBFS
f
IN
V
= +5.25V
A
= 103.5 kHz, fb= 113.5 kHz
f
a
V
= +5.25V
A
= 103.5 kHz, fb= 113.5 kHz
f
a
V
= +5V 11 MHz
A
V
= +3V 8 MHz
A
= 4 MHz to 10 MHz,
SCLK
+0.06 +0.3 LSB (max)
−0.07 −0.3 LSB (min)
+0.07 +0.2 LSB (max)
−0.06 −0.2 LSB (min)
±
0.08
+0.8 +0.2 LSB (max)
−0.07 −0.3 LSB (min)
49.6 49 dB (min)
49.6 49 dB (min)
−70 −65 dB (max)
67 65 dB (min)
7.9 7.8 Bits (min)
−68 dB
−68 dB
MIN
JA
to T
: all other limits TA=
MAX
Limits
(Note 9)
±
0.2 LSB (max)
±
0.4 LSB (max)
≤ +85˚C
A
Units
A
A
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ADC081S051 Converter Electrical Characteristics (Note 9) (Continued)
The following specifications apply for VA= +2.7V to 5.25V, GND = 0V, f
f
= 200 kSPS to 500 kSPS, unless otherwise noted. Boldface limits apply for TA=T
SAMPLE
25˚C.
ADC081S051
Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical
ANALOG INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
V
IN
I
DCL
C
INA
DIGITAL INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
V
IH
V
IL
I
IN
C
IND
DIGITAL OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
V
OH
V
OL
I
OZH
I
OZL
C
OUT
POWER SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS (C
V
A
I
A
P
D
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
f
SCLK
f
S
t
CONV
DC SCLK Duty Cycle f
t
ACQ
Input Range 0 to V
DC Leakage Current
Input Capacitance
Track Mode 30 pF
Hold Mode 4 pF
Input High Voltage VA= +5.25V 2.4 V (min)
= +5.25V 0.8 V (max)
V
Input Low Voltage
Input Current VIN=0VorV
A
V
= +3.6V 0.4 V (max)
A
A
Digital Input Capacitance 2 4 pF (max)
Output High Voltage
Output Low Voltage
,
TRI-STATE®Leakage Current
I
SOURCE
I
SOURCE
I
SINK
I
SINK
= 200 µA VA− 0.03 VA− 0.2 V (min)
=1mA VA− 0.1 V
= 200 µA 0.03 0.4 V (max)
= 1 mA 0.1 V
TRI-STATE®Output Capacitance 2 4 pF (max)
Output Coding Straight (Natural) Binary
=10pF)
L
Supply Voltage
VA= +5.25V,
Supply Current, Normal Mode
(Operational, CS low)
Supply Current, Shutdown (CS high)
Power Consumption, Normal Mode
(Operational, CS low)
Power Consumption, Shutdown (CS
high)
f
V
f
f
f
V
f
VA= +5.25V 10.5 12.6 mW (max)
V
f
f
V
f
= 200 kSPS
SAMPLE
= +3.6V,
A
= 200 kSPS
SAMPLE
= 0 MHz, VA= +5.25V
SCLK
= 0 kSPS
SAMPLE
= +5.25V, f
A
= 0 kSPS
SAMPLE
= +3.6V 2.9 3.6 mW (max)
A
= 0 MHz, VA= +5.25V
SCLK
= 0 kSPS
SAMPLE
= +5.25V, f
A
= 0 kSPS
SAMPLE
SCLK
SCLK
= 10MHz,
= 10 MHz,
Clock Frequency (Note 8)
Sample Rate (Note 8)
Conversion Time 16 SCLK cycles
= 10 MHz 50
SCLK
Track/Hold Acquisition Time 400 ns (max)
Throughput Time Acquisition Time + Conversion Time 20 SCLK cycles
= 4 MHz to 10 MHz,
SCLK
±
±
2.0 2.4 mA (max)
0.8 1.0 mA (max)
0.5 µA
2.6 µW
0.12 mW
0.1
0.1
MIN
to T
A
: all other limits TA=
MAX
Limits
(Note 9)
±
1 µA (max)
±
1 µA (max)
±
10 µA (max)
Units
V
2.7 V (min)
5.25 V (max)
22 µA
4 MHz (min)
10 MHz (max)
50 200 kSPS (min)
500 kSPS (max)
40 % (min)
60 % (max)
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ADC081S051 Converter Electrical Characteristics (Note 9) (Continued)
The following specifications apply for VA= +2.7V to 5.25V, GND = 0V, f
f
= 200 kSPS to 500 kSPS, unless otherwise noted. Boldface limits apply for TA=T
SAMPLE
25˚C.
Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
t
QUIET
t
AD
t
AJ
(Note 10) 50 ns (min)
Aperture Delay 3 ns
Aperture Jitter 30 ps
= 4 MHz to 10 MHz,
SCLK
MIN
to T
: all other limits TA=
MAX
Limits
(Note 9)
Units
ADC081S051 Timing Specifications
The following specifications apply for VA= +2.7V to 5.25V, GND = 0V, f
f
= 200 kSPS to 500 kSPS, Boldface limits apply for TA=T
SAMPLE
MIN
Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical Limits Units
t
CS
t
SU
t
EN
t
ACC
t
CL
t
CH
t
H
t
DIS
t
POWER-UP
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is
functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed
specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test
conditions.
Note 2: All voltages are measured with respect to GND = 0V, unless otherwise specified.
Note 3: When the input voltage at any pin exceeds the power supply (that is, V
mA maximum package input current rating limits the number of pins that can safely exceed the power supplies with an input current of 10 mA to two. The Absolute
Maximum Rating specification does not apply to the V
Note 4: The absolute maximum junction temperature (T
junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (θ
for maximum power dissipation listed above will be reached only when the device is operated in a severe fault condition (e.g. when input or output pins are driven
beyond the power supply voltages, or the power supply polarity is reversed). Obviously, such conditions should always be avoided.
Note 5: Human body model is 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor. Machine model is 220 pF discharged through zero ohms
Note 6: Reflow temperature profiles are different for lead-free and non-lead-free packages.
Note 7: Tested limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).
Note 8: This is the frequency range over which the electrical performance is guaranteed. The device is functional over a wider range which is specified under
Operating Ratings.
Note 9: Data sheet min/max specification limits are guaranteed by design, test, or statistical analysis.
Note 10: Minimum Quiet Time required by Bus relinquish and start of the next conversion.
Note 11: Measured with the timing test circuit shown in Figure 1 and defined as the time taken by the output signal to cross 1.0V.
Note 12: Measured with the timing test circuit shown in Figure 1 and defined as the time taken by the output signal to cross 1.0V or 2.0V.
Note 13: t
to remove the effects of charging or discharging the 25 pF capacitor. This means that t
Minimum CS Pulse Width 10 ns (min)
CS to SCLK Setup Time 10 ns (min)
Delay from CS Until SDATA TRI-STATE
®
Disabled (Note 11)
= +2.7 to +3.6 40 ns (max)
Data Access Time after SCLK Falling Edge
(Note 12)
V
A
V
= +4.75 to +5.25 20 ns (max)
A
SCLK Low Pulse Width
SCLK High Pulse Width
= +2.7 to +3.6 7 ns (min)
V
SCLK to Data Valid Hold Time
SCLK Falling Edge to SDATA High
Impedance (Note 13)
A
V
= +4.75 to +5.25 5 ns (min)
A
= +2.7 to +3.6
V
A
V
= +4.75 to +5.25
A
Power-Up Time from Full Power-Down 1 µs
<
GND or V
IN
pin. The current into the VApin is limited by the Analog Supply Voltage specification.
A
max) for this device is 150˚C. The maximum allowable power dissipation is dictated by TJmax, the
), and the ambient temperature (TA), and can be calculated using the formula PDMAX=(TJmax − TA)/θJA. The values
JA
is derived from the time taken by the output to change by 0.5V with the timing test circuit shown in Figure 1. The measured number is then adjusted
DIS
J
DIS
= 4 MHz to 10 MHz,
SCLK
to T
: all other limits TA= 25˚C.
MAX
20 ns (max)
0.4 x
t
SCLK
0.4 x
t
SCLK
ns (min)
ns (min)
25 ns (max)
6 ns (min)
25 ns (max)
5 ns (min)
>
VA), the current at that pin should be limited to 10 mA. The 20
IN
is the true bus relinquish time, independent of the bus loading.
ADC081S051
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Timing Diagrams
ADC081S051
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FIGURE 1. Timing Test Circuit
FIGURE 2. ADC081S051 Serial Timing Diagram
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Specification Definitions
ACQUISITION TIME is the time required to acquire the input
voltage. That is, it is time required for the hold capacitor to
charge up to the input voltage.
APERTURE DELAY is the time between the fourth falling
SCLK edge of a conversion and the time when the input
signal is acquired or held for conversion.
APERTURE JITTER (APERTURE UNCERTAINTY) is the
variation in aperture delay from sample to sample. Aperture
jitter manifests itself as noise in the output.
CONVERSION TIME is the time required, after the input
voltage is acquired, for the ADC to convert the input voltage
to a digital word.
DIFFERENTIAL NON-LINEARITY (DNL) is the measure of
the maximum deviation from the ideal step size of 1 LSB.
DUTY CYCLE is the ratio of the time that a repetitive digital
waveform is high to the total time of one period. The specification here refers to the SCLK.
EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF BITS (ENOB, or EFFECTIVE
BITS) is another method of specifying Signal-to-Noise and
Distortion or SINAD. ENOB is defined as
(SINAD − 1.76) / 6.02 and says that the converter is equivalent to a perfect ADC of this (ENOB) number of bits.
FULL POWER BANDWIDTH is a measure of the frequency
at which the reconstructed output fundamental drops 3 dB
below its low frequency value for a full scale input.
GAIN ERROR is the deviation of the last code transition
(111...110) to (111...111) from the ideal (V
after adjusting for offset error.
INTEGRAL NON-LINEARITY (INL) is a measure of the
deviation of each individual code from a line drawn from
negative full scale (
through positive full scale (
1
⁄2LSB below the first code transition)
1
⁄2LSB above the last code
transition). The deviation of any given code from this straight
line is measured from the center of that code value.
INTERMODULATION DISTORTION (IMD) is the creation of
additional spectral components as a result of two sinusoidal
frequencies being applied to the ADC input at the same time.
It is defined as the ratio of the power in the second and third
order intermodulation products to the sum of the power in
both of the original frequencies. IMD is usually expressed in
dB.
− 1.5 LSB),
REF
MISSING CODES are those output codes that will never
appear at the ADC outputs. The ADC081S051 is guaranteed
not to have any missing codes.
OFFSET ERROR is the deviation of the first code transition
(000...000) to (000...001) from the ideal (i.e. GND + 0.5
LSB).
SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (SNR) is the ratio, expressed in
dB, of the rms value of the input signal to the rms value of the
sum of all other spectral components below one-half the
sampling frequency, not including harmonics or d.c.
SIGNAL TO NOISE PLUS DISTORTION (S/N+D or SINAD)
Is the ratio, expressed in dB, of the rms value of the input
signal to the rms value of all of the other spectral components below half the clock frequency, including harmonics
but excluding d.c.
SPURIOUS FREE DYNAMIC RANGE (SFDR) is the difference, expressed in dB, between the rms values of the input
signal and the peak spurious signal where a spurious signal
is any signal present in the output spectrum that is not
present at the input, excluding d.c.
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION (THD) is the ratio, expressed in dB or dBc, of the rms total of the first five
harmonic components at the output to the rms level of the
input signal frequency as seen at the output. THD is calculated as
where Af1is the RMS power of the input frequency at the
output and Af
through Af6are the RMS power in the first 5
2
harmonic frequencies.
THROUGHPUT TIME is the minimum time required between
the start of two successive conversion. It is the acquisition
time plus the conversion time.
TOTAL UNADJUSTED ERROR is the worst deviation found
from the ideal transfer function. As such, it is a comprehensive specification which includes full scale error, linearity
error, and offset error.
ADC081S051
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Typical Performance Characteristics T
= 4 MHz to 10 MHz, fIN= 100 kHz unless otherwise stated.
f
SCLK
DNL vs Clock Frequency INL vs Clock Frequency
ADC081S051
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Total Adjusted Error vs Clock Frequency SNR vs Clock Frequency
= +25˚C, f
A
= 200 kSPS to 500 kSPS,
SAMPLE
20145567 20145563
SINAD vs. Clock Frequency
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Power Consumption vs. Throughput,
f
=10MHz
SCLK
Applications Information
1.0 ADC081S051 OPERATION
The ADC081S051 are successive-approximation analog-todigital converters designed around a charge-redistribution
digital-to-analog converter. Simplified schematics of the
ADC081S051 in both track and hold operation are shown in
Figures 3 and 4, respectively. In Figure 3, the device is in
track mode: switch SW1 connects the sampling capacitor to
the input, and SW2 balances the comparator inputs. The
device is in this state until CS is brought low, at which point
the device moves to hold mode.
ADC081S051
Figure 4 shows the device in hold mode: switch SW1 connects the sampling capacitor to ground, maintaining the
sampled voltage, and switch SW2 unbalances the comparator. The control logic then instructs the charge-redistribution
DAC to add or subtract fixed amounts of charge from the
sampling capacitor until the comparator is balanced. When
the comparator is balanced, the digital word supplied to the
DAC is the digital representation of the analog input voltage.
The device moves from hold mode to track mode on the 13th
rising edge of SCLK.
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FIGURE 3. ADC081S051 in Track Mode
FIGURE 4. ADC081S051 in Hold Mode
2.0 USING THE ADC081S051
The serial interface timing diagram for the ADC081S051 is
shown in Figure 2. CS is chip select, which initiates conversions on the ADC081S051 and frames the serial data transfers. SCLK (serial clock) controls both the conversion process and the timing of serial data. SDATA is the serial data
out pin, where a conversion result is found as a serial data
stream.
Basic operation of the ADC081S051 begins with CS going
low, which initiates a conversion process and data transfer.
Subsequent rising and falling edges of SCLK will be labelled
with reference to the falling edge of CS; for example, "the
third falling edge of SCLK" shall refer to the third falling edge
of SCLK after CS goes low.
At the fall of CS, the SDATA pin comes out of TRI-STATE,
and the converter moves from track mode to hold mode. The
input signal is sampled and held for conversion on the falling
edge of CS. The converter moves from hold mode to track
20145510
mode on the 13th rising edge of SCLK (see Figure 2). The
SDATA pin will be placed back into TRI-STATE after the 16th
falling edge of SCLK, or at the rising edge of CS, whichever
occurs first. After a conversion is completed, the quiet time
must be satisfied before bringing CS low again to
t
QUIET
begin another conversion.
Sixteen SCLK cycles are required to read a complete
sample from the ADC081S051. The sample bits (including
any leading or trailing zeroes) are clocked out on falling
edges of SCLK, and are intended to be clocked in by a
receiver on subsequent falling edges of SCLK. The
ADC081S051 will produce three leading zero bits on SDATA,
followed by eight data bits, most significant first. After the
data bits, the ADC081S051 will clock out four trailing zeros.
If CS goes low before the rising edge of SCLK, an additional
(fourth) zero bit may be captured by the next falling edge of
SCLK.
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Applications Information (Continued)
3.0 ADC081S051 TRANSFER FUNCTION
The output format of the ADC081S051 is straight binary. Code transitions occur midway between successive integer LSB values.
The LSB width for the ADC081S051 is V
ADC081S051
code of 0000 0000 to a code of 0000 0001 is at 1/2 LSB, or a voltage of V
/256. The ideal transfer characteristic is shown in Figure 5. The transition from an output
A
/512. Other code transitions occur at steps of one LSB.
A
20145511
FIGURE 5. Ideal Transfer Characteristic
4.0 TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT
A typical application of the ADC081S051 is shown in Figure
6. Power is provided in this example by the National Semiconductor LP2950 low-dropout voltage regulator, available in
a variety of fixed and adjustable output voltages. The power
supply pin is bypassed with a capacitor network located
close to the ADC081S051. Because the reference for the
ADC081S051 is the supply voltage, any noise on the supply
FIGURE 6. Typical Application Circuit
will degrade device noise performance. To keep noise off the
supply, use a dedicated linear regulator for this device, or
provide sufficient decoupling from other circuitry to keep
noise off the ADC081S051 supply pin. Because of the
ADC081S051’s low power requirements, it is also possible to
use a precision reference as a power supply to maximize
performance. The four-wire interface is also shown connected to a microprocessor or DSP.
20145513
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Applications Information (Continued)
5.0 ANALOG INPUTS
An equivalent circuit for one of the ADC081S051’s input
channels is shown in Figure 7. Diodes D1 and D2 provide
ESD protection for the analog inputs. At no time should any
input go beyond (V
ESD diodes will begin conducting, which could result in
erratic operation.
The capacitor C1 in Figure 7 has a typical value of 4 pF, and
is mainly the package pin capacitance. Resistor R1 is the on
resistance of the multiplexer and track / hold switch, and is
typically 500 ohms. Capacitor C2 is the ADC081S051 sampling capacitor and is typically 26 pF. The ADC081S051 will
deliver best performance when driven by a low-impedance
source to eliminate distortion caused by the charging of the
sampling capacitance. This is especially important when
using the ADC081S051 to sample AC signals. Also important
when sampling dynamic signals is a band-pass or low-pass
filter to reduce harmonics and noise, improving dynamic
performance.
+ 300 mV) or (GND − 300 mV), as these
A
CS is pulled low. The device will enter shutdown mode if CS
is pulled high before the tenth falling edge of SCLK after CS
is pulled low, or will stay in normal mode if CS remains low.
Once in shutdown mode, the device will stay there until CS is
brought low again. By varying the ratio of time spent in the
normal and shutdown modes, a system may trade-off
throughput for power consumption.
7.1 Normal Mode
The fastest possible throughput is obtained by leaving the
ADC081S051 in normal mode at all times, so there are no
power-up delays. To keep the device in normal mode continuously, CS must be kept low until after the 10th falling
edge of SCLK after the start of a conversion (remember that
a conversion is initiated by bringing CS low).
If CS is brought high after the 10th falling edge, but before
the 16th falling edge, the device will remain in normal mode,
but the current conversion will be aborted, and SDATA will
return to TRI-STATE (truncating the output word).
Sixteen SCLK cycles are required to read all of a conversion
word from the device. After sixteen SCLK cycles have
elapsed, CS may be idled either high or low until the next
conversion. If CS is idled low, it must be brought high again
before the start of the next conversion, which begins when
CS is again brought low.
After sixteen SCLK cycles, SDATA returns to TRI-STATE.
Another conversion may be started, after t
QUIET
has
elapsed, by bringing CS low again.
ADC081S051
20145514
FIGURE 7. Equivalent Input Circuit
6.0 DIGITAL INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
The ADC081S051 digital inputs (SCLK and CS) are not
limited by the same absolute maximum ratings as the analog
inputs. The digital input pins are instead limited to +6.5V with
respect to GND, regardless of V
, the supply voltage. This
A
allows the ADC081S051 to be interfaced with a wide range
of logic levels, independent of the supply voltage.
7.0 MODES OF OPERATION
The ADC081S051 has two possible modes of operation:
normal mode, and shutdown mode. The ADC081S051 enters normal mode (and a conversion process is begun) when
7.2 Shutdown Mode
Shutdown mode is appropriate for applications that either do
not sample continuously, or it is acceptable to trade throughput for power consumption. When the ADC081S051 is in
shutdown mode, all of the analog circuitry is turned off.
To enter shutdown mode, a conversion must be interrupted
by bringing CS back high anytime between the second and
tenth falling edges of SCLK, as shown in Figure 8. Once CS
has been brought high in this manner, the device will enter
shutdown mode; the current conversion will be aborted and
SDATA will enter TRI-STATE. If CS is brought high before the
second falling edge of SCLK, the device will not change
mode; this is to avoid accidentally changing mode as a result
of noise on the CS line.
FIGURE 8. Entering Shutdown Mode
20145516
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Applications Information (Continued)
ADC081S051
20145517
FIGURE 9. Entering Normal Mode
To exit shutdown mode, bring CS back low. Upon bringing
CS low, the ADC081S051 will begin powering up (power-up
time is specified in the Timing Specifications table). This
microsecond of power-up delay results in the first conversion
result being unusable. The second conversion performed
after power-up, however, is valid, as shown in Figure 9.
If CS is brought back high before the 10th falling edge of
SCLK, the device will return to shutdown mode. This is done
to avoid accidentally entering normal mode as a result of
noise on the CS line. To exit shutdown mode and remain in
normal mode, CS must be kept low until after the 10th falling
edge of SCLK. The ADC081S051 will be fully powered-up
after 16 SCLK cycles.
8.0 POWER MANAGEMENT
The ADC081S051 takes time to power-up, either after first
applying V
, or after returning to normal mode from shut-
A
down mode. This corresponds to one "dummy" conversion
for any SCLK frequency within the specifications in this
document. After this first dummy conversion, the
ADC081S051 will perform conversions properly. Note that
the t
time must still be included between the first
QUIET
dummy conversion and the second valid conversion.
When the V
supply is first applied, the ADC081S051 may
A
power up in either of the two modes: normal or shutdown. As
such, one dummy conversion should be performed after
start-up, exactly as described in the previous paragraph. The
part may then be placed into either normal mode or the
shutdown mode, as described in Sections 7.1 and 7.2.
When the ADC081S051 is operated continuously in normal
mode, the maximum throughput is f
may be traded for power consumption by running f
/20. Throughput
SCLK
SCLK
at its
maximum 10.0 MHz and performing fewer conversions per
unit time, putting the ADC081S051 into shutdown mode
between conversions. A plot of typical power consumption
versus throughput is shown in the Typical Performance
Curves section. To calculate the power consumption for a
given throughput, multiply the fraction of time spent in the
normal mode by the normal mode power consumption and
add the fraction of time spent in shutdown mode multiplied
by the shutdown mode power consumption. Generally, the
user will put the part into normal mode and then put the part
back into shutdown mode. Note that the curve of power
consumption vs. throughput is nearly linear. This is because
the power consumption in the shutdown mode is so small
that it can be ignored for all practical purposes.
9.0 POWER SUPPLY NOISE CONSIDERATIONS
The charging of any output load capacitance requires current from the power supply, V
. The current pulses required
A
from the supply to charge the output capacitance will cause
voltage variations on the supply. If these variations are large
enough, they could degrade SNR and SINAD performance
of the ADC. Furthermore, discharging the output capacitance when the digital output goes from a logic high to a logic
low will dump current into the die substrate, which is resistive. Load discharge currents will cause "ground bounce"
noise in the substrate that will degrade noise performance if
that current is large enough. The larger the output capacitance, the more current flows through the die substrate and
the greater is the noise coupled into the analog channel,
degrading noise performance.
To keep noise out of the power supply, keep the output load
capacitance as small as practical. If the load capacitance is
greater than 25 pF, use a 100 Ω series resistor at the ADC
output, located as close to the ADC output pin as practical.
This will limit the charge and discharge current of the output
capacitance and improve noise performance.
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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
ADC081S051 Single Channel, 500 kSPS, 8-Bit A/D Converter
6-Lead LLP
Order Number ADC081S051CISD or ADC081S051CISDX
NS Package Number SDB06A
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves
the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com.
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