National Instruments NI Vision NI 17xx User Manual

NI Vision

NI 17xx Smart Camera User Manual

June 2008 372429B-01

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Important Information

Warranty

NI 17xx Smart Cameras are warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment, as evidenced by receipts or other documentation. National Instruments will, at its option, repair or replace equipment that proves to be defective during the warranty period. This warranty includes parts and labor.

The media on which you receive National Instruments software are warranted not to fail to execute programming instructions, due to defects in materials and workmanship, for a period of 90 days from date of shipment, as evidenced by receipts or other documentation. National Instruments will, at its option, repair or replace software media that do not execute programming instruc tions if National Instruments receives notice of such defects during the warranty period. National Instruments does not warrant that the operation of the software shall be uninterrupted or error free.

A Return Material Authorization (RMA) number must be obtained from the factory and clearly marked on the outside of the package before any equipment will be accepted for warranty work. National Instruments will pay the shipping costs of returning to the owner parts which are covered by warranty.

National Instruments believes that the information in this document is accurate. The document has been carefully reviewed for technical accuracy. In the event that technical or typographical errors exist, National Instruments reserves the right to make changes to subsequent editions of this document without prior notice to holders of this edition. The reader should consult National Instruments if errors are suspected. In no event shall National Instruments be liable for any damages arising out of or related to this document or the information contained in it.

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Compliance

Compliance with FCC/Canada Radio Frequency Interference Regulations

Determining FCC Class

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has rules to protect wireless communications from interference. The FCC places digital electronics into two classes. These classes are known as Class A (for use in industrial-commercial locations only) or Class B (for use in residential or commercial locations). All National Instruments (NI) products are FCC Class A products.

Depending on where it is operated, this Class A product could be subject to restrictions in the FCC rules. (In Canada, the Department of Communications (DOC), of Industry Canada, regulates wireless interference in much the same way.) Digital electronics emit weak signals during normal operation that can affect radio, television, or other wireless products.

All Class A products display a simple warning statement of one paragraph in length regarding interference and undesired operation. The FCC rules have restrictions regarding the locations where FCC Class A products can be operated.

Consult the FCC Web site at

FCC/DOC Warnings

This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in strict accordance with the instructions in this manual and the CE marking Declaration of Conformity*, may cause interference to radio and television reception. Classification requirements are the same for the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the Canadian Department of Communications (DOC).

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by NI could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment under the FCC Rules.

Class A

Federal Communications Commission

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user is required to correct the interference at their own expense.

www.fcc.gov for more information.

Canadian Department of Communications

This Class A digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations. Cet appareil numérique de la classe A respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.

Compliance with EU Directives

Users in the European Union (EU) should refer to the Declaration of Conformity (DoC) for information* pertaining to the CE marking. Refer to the Declaration of Conformity (DoC) for this product for any additional regulatory compliance information. To obtain the DoC for this product, visit and click the appropriate link in the Certification column.

* The CE marking Declaration of Conformity contains important supplementary information and instructions for the user or

installer.

ni.com/certification, search by model number or product line,

About This Manual

Conventions ...................................................................................................................ix

Related Documentation..................................................................................................x

Hardware Documents ......................................................................................x

NI Vision Builder for Automated Inspection Documents ...............................x

LabVIEW and NI Vision Development Module Documents..........................xi

NI Vision Acquisition Software Documents ...................................................xi

Chapter 1 NI Smart Camera Overview

Hardware Overview.......................................................................................................1-1

Software Overview ........................................................................................................1-4

NI Vision Builder for Automated Inspection ..................................................1-4

LabVIEW ........................................................................................................1-5

LabVIEW Real-Time Module ..........................................................1-5

NI Vision Development Module.......................................................1-5

NI Vision Acquisition Software........................................................1-6

Chapter 2 Power and I/O

POWER-I/O Connector .................................................................................................2-1

NI Smart Camera Power Requirements.........................................................................2-2

Isolated Inputs................................................................................................................2-3

Isolated Outputs .............................................................................................................2-4

Protecting Against Inductive Loads ................................................................2-6

Connecting to Serial Devices.........................................................................................2-6

Communicating with the Console ...................................................................2-6

Connecting to a Quadrature Encoder.............................................................................2-7

Chapter 3 NI Smart Camera Image Sensor

Field of View .................................................................................................................3-1

Image Sensor Spectral Response ...................................................................................3-3

Partial Scan Mode..........................................................................................................3-3

Binning...........................................................................................................................3-4

Gain................................................................................................................................3-4

Hardware Binarization...................................................................................................3-5

Contents

Chapter 4 Lighting

Lighting Connector........................................................................................................ 4-1

Direct Drive Lighting Controller................................................................................... 4-2

Lighting Files .................................................................................................. 4-4

Selecting a Light ............................................................................................. 4-5

Connecting a Light to the Direct Drive Lighting Controller .......................... 4-6

External Lighting Controllers........................................................................................ 4-7

Connecting an External Lighting Controller to the NI Smart Camera ........... 4-8

Chapter 5 Image Acquisition

Exposure ........................................................................................................................5-1

Acquiring Images .......................................................................................................... 5-2

Internal Timing ............................................................................................... 5-2

External Trigger .............................................................................................. 5-3

Maximum Frame Rate................................................................................................... 5-6

Determining the Maximum Frame Rate ......................................................... 5-7

Determining the Scan Mode ........................................................................... 5-7

Determining the Exposure Time ..................................................................... 5-8

Determining the Lighting Mode ..................................................................... 5-8

Determining the Trigger Delay ....................................................................... 5-9

Calculating the Minimum Frame Period......................................................... 5-9

Chapter 6 LEDs and DIP Switches

Understanding the LED Indicators................................................................................ 6-1

Device Initialization........................................................................................ 6-2

POWER LED.................................................................................................. 6-2

STATUS LED................................................................................................. 6-2

IMG ACQ LED............................................................................................... 6-4

PASS LED ...................................................................................................... 6-4

FAIL LED ....................................................................................................... 6-4

Configuring DIP Switches............................................................................................. 6-4

SAFE MODE Switch ...................................................................................... 6-5

IP RESET Switch............................................................................................ 6-5

NO APP Switch ..............................................................................................6-6

CONSOLE Switch .......................................................................................... 6-6

NI 17xx Smart Camera User Manual vi ni.com

Chapter 7 Ethernet Ports

Ethernet LEDs................................................................................................................7-2

ACTIVITY/LINK LED...................................................................................7-2

SPEED LED ....................................................................................................7-2

DHCP and Static IP Address Assignment .....................................................................7-3

Firewall Considerations...................................................................................7-4

Subnet Considerations .....................................................................................7-4

Chapter 8 Thermal Considerations and Mounting

Thermal Considerations.................................................................................................8-1

Mounting the NI Smart Camera.....................................................................................8-2

Appendix A Specifications

Appendix B Troubleshooting

Contents

Appendix C Maintenance

Appendix D Technical Support and Professional Services

Glossary

Index

About This Manual

This manual describes the electrical and mechanical aspects of the National Instruments 17xx Smart Camera. Refer to Getting Started with the NI 17xx Smart Camera for smart camera and accessory installation information.

Conventions

The following conventions appear in this manual:

» The » symbol leads you through nested menu items and dialog box options

to a final action. The sequence File»Page Setup»Options directs you to pull down the File menu, select the Page Setup item, and select Options from the last dialog box.

This icon denotes a note, which alerts you to important information.

This icon denotes a caution, which advises you of precautions to take to avoid injury, data loss, or a system crash. When this symbol is marked on a product, refer to Getting Started with the NI 17xx Smart Camera for information about precautions to take.

When symbol is marked on a product, it denotes a warning advising you to take precautions to avoid electrical shock.

bold Bold text denotes items that you must select or click in the software, such

as menu items and dialog box options. Bold text also denotes parameter names.

italic Italic text denotes variables, emphasis, a cross-reference, or an introduction

to a key concept. Italic text also denotes text that is a placeholder for a word or value that you must supply.

monospace Text in this font denotes text or characters that you should enter from the

keyboard, sections of code, programming examples, and syntax examples. This font is also used for the proper names of disk drives, paths, directories, programs, subprograms, subroutines, device names, functions, operations, variables, filenames, and extensions.

monospace italic

Italic text in this font denotes text that is a placeholder for a word or value that you must supply.

About This Manual

Hardware Overview

The NI Smart Camera is available in several different configurations. When a feature pertains only to specific smart camera models, a list at the beginning of the section shows which smart camera models support the feature.

All smart camera models incorporate an image sensor, processor, and digital I/O in a compact, rugged housing.

Table 1-1 shows the differentiating features for each smart camera model.

Table 1-1. NI Smart Camera Models

NI Smart

Camera

Model

NI 1722 400 MHz PowerPC 1/3 inch Sony ICX424AL CCD

NI 1742 533 MHz PowerPC 1/3 inch Sony ICX424AL CCD

NI 1744 533 MHz PowerPC 1/2 inch Sony ICX205AL CCD

NI 1762 533 MHz PowerPC

NI 1764 533 MHz PowerPC

Processor Image Sensor

Monochrome 640 × 480 pixels (VGA)

Monochrome 1,280 × 1,024 pixels (SXGA)

and 720 MHz DSP

1/3 inch Sony ICX424AL CCD Monochrome 640 × 480 pixels (VGA)

1/2 inch Sony ICX205AL CCD Monochrome 1,280 × 1,024 pixels (SXGA)

Direct Drive

Lighting

Controller

No No

Ye s Ye s

Quadrature

Encoder Support

Chapter 1 NI Smart Camera Overview

For more information about the image sensors, refer to Chapter 3, NI Smart

Camera Image Sensor. For complete smart camera specifications, refer to

Appendix A, Specifications.

All smart cameras have an RS-232 serial port, Gigabit Ethernet ports, and use a standard C-mount lens. Some smart camera models also include the Direct Drive lighting controller and support for quadrature encoders. The Direct Drive lighting controller is an integrated controller to directly power a variety of third-party current-controlled lights. Refer to Chapter 4,

Lighting, for more information about the Direct Drive lighting controller.

The smart camera also has one 5 V TTL strobe output and one unregulated 24 V strobe output for lighting control.

The smart camera also includes LEDs for communicating system status, four DIP switches to specify startup options, isolated inputs, and isolated outputs for connecting to external devices. Refer to Chapter 6, LEDs and

DIP Switches, for more information about the LEDs and DIP switches.

Refer to Chapter 2, Power and I/O, for more information about the digital I/O capabilities of the smart camera.

NI 17xx Smart Camera User Manual 1-2 ni.com

Chapter 1 NI Smart Camera Overview

Figure 1-1 shows the smart camera.

GND

24V

NI 17XX SMART CAMERA

1 Image Sensor 2 Standard C Lens Mount 3 Lighting Connector 4LEDs

5 DIP Switches 6 POWER-I/O Connector 7 Ethernet Ports

Figure 1-1. NI Smart Camera

Chapter 1 NI Smart Camera Overview

Software Overview

Developing applications with the NI Smart Camera requires one of the following software options:

Vision Builder

for

Automated Inspection

The installation and configuration process for each development environment is different. Refer to Getting Started with the NI 17xx Smart Camera for installation and configuration instructions.

The following sections describe the software options. For detailed information about individual software packages, refer to the documentation specific to the package.

Note Vision Builder for Automated Inspection and NI Vision Acquisition Software are

included with the smart camera. LabVIEW, the LabVIEW Real-Time Module, and the NI Vision Development Module are sold separately.

NI Vision Builder for Automated Inspection

Vision Builder for Automated Inspection (Vision Builder AI) is configurable machine vision software you can use to configure the NI Smart Camera and prototype, benchmark, and deploy machine vision applications.

LabVIEW Real-Time Module

NI Vision Development Module

NI Vision Acquisition Software

LabVIEW

Creating applications in Vision Builder AI does not require programming. Vision Builder AI allows you to easily configure and benchmark a sequence of visual inspection steps, as well as deploy the visual inspection system for automated inspection. With Vision Builder AI, you can perform powerful visual inspection tasks and make decisions based on the results of individual tasks. You can also migrate your configured inspection to LabVIEW, extending the capabilities of your applications if necessary.

NI 17xx Smart Camera User Manual 1-4 ni.com

LabVIEW

Chapter 1 NI Smart Camera Overview

LabVIEW is a graphical programming environment for developing flexible and scalable applications. To develop machine vision applications with the NI Smart Camera and LabVIEW, you must have the following add-on modules: LabVIEW Real-Time Module, NI Vision Development Module, and Vision Acquisition Software.

LabVIEW Real-Time Module

The LabVIEW Real-Time Module combines LabVIEW graphical programming with the power of Real-Time (RT) hardware, enabling you to build deterministic, real-time systems. You develop VIs in LabVIEW and embed the VIs on RT targets, such as the NI Smart Camera. The RT target runs VIs without a user interface and offers a stable platform for real-time VIs. For more information about the LabVIEW Real-Time Module, refer to the LabVIEW Help.

NI Vision Development Module

The NI Vision Development Module is an image acquisition, processing, and analysis library of hundreds of functions for the following common machine vision tasks:

• Pattern matching

• Particle analysis

•Gauging

• Taking measurements

• Grayscale, color, and binary image display

With the NI Vision Development Module you can acquire, display, and store images as well as perform image analysis and processing. Using the NI Vision Development Module, imaging novices and experts can program the most basic or complicated image applications without knowledge of particular algorithm implementations.

For information about how to use the NI Vision Development Module with the LabVIEW Real-Time Module, refer to the NI Vision for LabVIEW Help.

Chapter 1 NI Smart Camera Overview

NI Vision Acquisition Software

The NI Vision Acquisition Software CD contains Measurement & Automation Explorer (MAX) configuration software and NI-IMAQ driver software.

Use MAX to configure the NI Smart Camera. You can set the IP address, update software on the smart camera, configure triggering, and set up the lighting features. For more information about MAX, refer to the

Measurement & Automation Explorer Help for NI-IMAQ

NI-IMAQ is the interface path between the application software and the smart camera. NI-IMAQ also controls the I/O and image acquisition on the smart camera.

NI-IMAQ includes an extensive library of VIs you can call from LabVIEW. These VIs include routines for video configuration, continuous and single-shot image acquisition, and trigger control.

The NI-IMAQ driver software performs all functions necessary for acquiring and saving images but does not perform image analysis. NI-IMAQ features both high-level and low-level functions. A function that acquires images in single-shot or continuous mode is an example of a high-level function. A function that requires advanced understanding of image acquisition, such as configuring an image sequence, is an example of a low-level function.

For information about using NI-IMAQ to configure an acquisition, refer to the NI-IMAQ VI Reference Help.

NI 17xx Smart Camera User Manual 1-6 ni.com

Power and I/O

This chapter provides information about the NI Smart Camera POWER-I/O connector, connecting isolated inputs and isolated outputs, and connecting to serial devices and to quadrature encoders.

POWER-I/O Connector

The POWER-I/O connector provides signal connections for power and I/O, including isolated inputs and outputs, quadrature encoders, and serial devices. The POWER-I/O connector is a standard female high-density 15-pin D-SUB connector. Table 2-1 shows the pin organization for the POWER-I/O connector. The two pins used to connect to a power supply, pin 15 and pin 5, are also shown in the table. Refer to Getting Started with the NI 17xx Smart Camera for information about connecting a power supply to the NI Smart Camera.

Table 2-1 lists the signal names and pin numbers for the 15-pin POWER-I/O connector. The table also lists the wire colors for the 15-pin D-SUB pigtail cable (part number 197818-05), sold separately by National Instruments. Cables sold by other manufacturers could have different wire colors.

Table 2-1. POWER-I/O Connector Signal Descriptions

Connector Diagram Signal Name Pin Number Wire Color

+24 V 5 Red

COM 15 Black

15 (COM)

5 (+24 V)

RS232_TXD 10 Pink

RS232_RXD 14 Black/White

TrigIn+

IsoIn(0)+

IsoIn(1)+ 8 Orange

2 Brown

Chapter 2 Power and I/O

Connector Diagram Signal Name Pin Number Wire Color

Table 2-1. POWER-I/O Connector Signal Descriptions (Continued)

TrigIn– IsoIn(0)– IsoIn(1)–

IsoOut(0)+ 6 Yellow

IsoOut(0)– 1 Green

15 (COM)

5 (+24 V)

IsoOut(1)+ 11 Light Blue

IsoOut(1)– 7 Gray

PhaseA+ 3 Blue

PhaseA– 13 Brown/White

PhaseB+ 9 Purple

PhaseB– 4 White

NI Smart Camera Power Requirements

Caution Use the NI Smart Camera only with a 24 VDC, UL listed, limited power source

(LPS) supply. The power supply should bear the UL listed mark, LPS. The power supply must meet any safety and compliance requirements for the country of use.

12 Light Green

The smart camera uses a nominal 24 VDC power source. The smart camera accepts power within the range of the industry standard IEC 1311 input power specification (24 V +20%/–15% with an additional allowance for an AC peak of +5%). Refer to Appendix A, Specifications, for complete power requirement specifications.

Caution The 24 V external lighting strobe is an unregulated output dependent on the range

of the power supply provided to the smart camera. If the power provided to the smart camera is +20%/–15% with +5% AC ripple, the external lighting strobe output could be as high as 30 V. If the provided power exceeds the input voltage specifications of the third-party lighting controller, do not connect the 24 V lighting strobe output to the controller to prevent damage to the controller. Use a power supply with tolerances that meet the requirements of the controller, or use the 5 V external lighting strobe.

NI 17xx Smart Camera User Manual 2-2 ni.com

Isolated Inputs

Caution Do not apply a voltage greater than 30 VDC to the isolated inputs. Voltages

greater than 30 VDC may damage the NI Smart Camera.

Caution The isolated inputs and outputs on the smart camera provide an easy means for

preventing ground loops that could degrade signal integrity. The isolation on the smart camera is not safety isolation.

Chapter 2 Power and I/O

If you are using the Direct Drive lighting controller, the power supply wattage must be sufficient to power both the camera and the light. The power required by the light can be significantly more than the power required by the smart camera.

You can wire an isolated input to both sourcing and sinking output devices. Refer to Figures 2-1 and 2-2 for wiring examples by output type. Refer to Appendix A, Specifications, for current requirements.

Isolated inputs are not compatible with 5 V logic.

Sensor

Powe r

TrigIn+

IsoIn(0)+

PNP (Sourcing)

Output Device

Sensor

Common

Figure 2-1. Connecting External Sourcing Output Sensors to Isolated Inputs

IsoIn(1)+

TrigIn– IsoIn(0)– IsoIn(1)–

NI 17xx

Chapter 2 Power and I/O

Sensor

Powe r

NPN (Sinking) Output Device

Sensor

Common

Isolated Outputs

Caution Do not power the load connected to the isolated outputs with any external power

supply greater than 30 VDC. Voltages greater than 30 VDC may damage the NI Smart Camera.

Caution The isolated inputs and outputs on the smart camera provide an easy means for

preventing ground loops that could degrade signal integrity. The isolation on the smart camera is not safety isolation.

TrigIn+

IsoIn(0)+

IsoIn(1)+

TrigIn– IsoIn(0)– IsoIn(1)–

NI 17xx

Figure 2-2. Connecting External Sinking Output Sensors to Isolated Inputs

NI 17xx Smart Camera User Manual 2-4 ni.com

Chapter 2 Power and I/O

The isolated outputs can be used to drive external loads, as shown in Figures 2-3 and 2-4.

Sensor Powe r

NI 17xx

IsoOut+

IsoOut–

Sourcing

Load

Sensor Common

Figure 2-3. Connecting an Isolated Output to a Sourcing External Load

Sensor

soOut+

Powe r

NI 17xx

IsoOut–

Sinking

Load

Sensor Common

Figure 2-4. Connecting an Isolated Output to a Sinking External Load

Chapter 2 Power and I/O

Protecting Against Inductive Loads

When an inductive load, such as a relay or solenoid, is connected to an output, a large counter-electomotive force may occur at switching time due to energy stored in the inductive load. This flyback voltage can damage the outputs and the power supply.

To limit flyback voltages at the inductive load, install a flyback diode across the load. Mount the flyback diode as close to the load as possible. Use this protection method if you connect any of the isolated outputs to an inductive load.

Connecting to Serial Devices

Use the RS232_RXD and RS232_TXD signals on the POWER-I/O connector for serial communication. Connect the RS232_RXD signal on the NI Smart Camera to the Tx signal on your serial device. Connect the RS232_TXD signal on the smart camera to the Rx signal on your serial device. Connect COM on the smart camera to the ground of your serial device.

When the CONSOLE DIP switch is in the OFF position, you can use the NI-Serial driver for serial communication. You must install the NI-Serial software on the smart camera; it is not installed by default. Refer to the Serial Hardware and Software Help for information about installing the NI-Serial software on LabVIEW Real-Time targets, such as the smart camera. To open this document, navigate to Start»All Programs» National Instruments»NI-Serial»NI-Serial Help.

Communicating with the Console

When the CONSOLE DIP switch is in the ON position, you can read device information from the NI Smart Camera during startup, such as the IP address and firmware version, through a serial port terminal program. Ensure that the serial port terminal program is configured to the following settings:

• 9,600 bits per second

• Eight data bits

• No parity

• One stop bit

• No flow control

NI 17xx Smart Camera User Manual 2-6 ni.com

Connecting to a Quadrature Encoder

This section applies only to the following NI Smart Cameras:

• NI 1742 • NI 1762

• NI 1744 • NI 1764

Connect RS-422 compatible differential quadrature encoders to the NI 17xx Smart Camera to provide positional information. A quadrature encoder uses two output channels, Phase A and Phase B, to track the position of a rotary shaft. Generally, the shaft is coupled to a motor drive that controls the movement of an object. By providing Phase A and Phase B signals to the smart camera, you can obtain a precise measurement of the object position. Using a quadrature encoder gives you the ability to specify your trigger delay in terms of positional units—such as inches or centimeters, after applying the resolution information of your encoder—rather than time.

National Instruments does not recommend the use of single-ended encoders with the smart camera. This configuration would require the ground for a single-ended encoder to be connected to the COM pin of the smart camera, and the PhaseA– and PhaseB– signals would be left unconnected. In this configuration, the system is susceptible to significant noise that would be eliminated by using a differential encoder.

Chapter 2 Power and I/O

Shielded encoder cables are recommended for all applications. Unshielded cables are more susceptible to noise and can corrupt the encoder signals.

Refer to the External Trigger section of Chapter 5, Image Acquisition, for information about using a quadrature encoder to delay a trigger.

Chapter 2 Power and I/O

Encoder NI 17xx

Figure 2-5 shows an example of connecting the quadrature encoder differential line drivers.

Phase A

Phase B

Phase A+

Tw isted Pair

Phase A–

Tw isted Pair

Phase B–

Phase A–

Phase B+

Phase B–

Figure 2-5. Connecting Differential Line Drivers

Figure 2-6 shows the internal quadrature encoder/RS-422 input circuit.

+3.3 V

10 kΩ 10 kΩ

Phase A–

Phase B+

Phase B–

7.5 kΩ 7.5 kΩ 7.5 kΩ 7.5 kΩ

NI 17xx

–

Figure 2-6. NI Smart Camera Quadrature Encoder Input Circuit

NI 17xx Smart Camera User Manual 2-8 ni.com

NI Smart Camera Image Sensor

This chapter provides an overview of the NI Smart Camera image sensors, field of view, spectral response, partial scan mode, binning, gain, and hardware binarization. NI 1722/1742/1762 Smart Cameras use a VGA sensor. NI 1744/1764 Smart Cameras use an SXGA sensor. Refer to Appendix A, Specifications, for information about your smart camera image sensor.

Field of View

The field of view is the area under inspection that will be imaged by the NI Smart Camera. It is critical to ensure that the field of view of your system includes the object you want to inspect.

To calculate the horizontal and vertical field of view (FOV) of your imaging system, use Equation 3-1 and the specifications for the image sensor of your smart camera, as listed in Appendix A, Specifications.

FOV

where FOV is the field of view in either the horizontal or vertical

Pixel Pitch Active Pixels× Working Distance×

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------=

direction,

Pixel Pitch measures the distance between the centers of adjacent pixels in either the horizontal or vertical direction,

Active Pixels is the number of pixels in either the horizontal or vertical direction,

Working Distance is the distance from the front element (external glass) of the lens to the object under inspection, and

Focal Length measures how strongly a lens converges (focuses) or diverges (diffuses) light.

Focal Length

(3-1)

Chapter 3 NI Smart Camera Image Sensor

Figure 3-1 illustrates horizontal field of view and working distance.

1 Horizontal Imaging Width 2 Working Distance

Figure 3-1. Parameters of an Imaging System

3 Horizontal Field of View

For example, if the working distance of your imaging setup is 100 mm, and the focal length of the lens is 8 mm, then the field of view in the horizontal direction of a smart camera using the VGA sensor in full scan mode is

FOV

horizontal

--------------------------------------------------------------------- 59.2 mm==

8 mm

(3-2)

0.0074 mm 640× 100 mm×

Similarly, the field of view in the vertical direction is

FOV

vertical

0.0074 mm 480× 100 mm×

--------------------------------------------------------------------- 44.4 mm==

8 mm

(3-3)

Based on the result of Equations 3-2 and/or 3-3, you can see that you might need to adjust the various parameters in the FOV equation until you achieve the right combination of components that match your inspection needs. This might include increasing your working distance, choosing a lens with a shorter focal length, or changing to a high resolution camera.

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Image Sensor Spectral Response

The spectral response curve describes the relative sensitivity of the sensor to different wavelengths of light. The peak responsiveness of the VGA and SXGA sensors is to light with a wavelength of approximately 500 nm. If you are imaging a dim scene, this information can be useful when selecting a light source to use in your application as the camera is most sensitive at its peak responsiveness. It also helps determine what, if any, filters your application might require to remove undesired wavelengths of light from the scene.

Refer to Appendix A, Specifications, to find the normalized spectral response curves for the VGA and SXGA sensors.

Partial Scan Mode

Partial scan mode is a method of obtaining higher frame rates by reading out only a portion of the image from the sensor. Partial scan is frequently used when an application requires higher speed but less resolution than the sensor offers in full scan mode. The NI Smart Camera supports 1/2 scan and 1/4 scan. In 1/2 scan, shown in Figure 3-2b, one half of the image is read out from the center of the sensor and the rest of the image is discarded to enable a faster start of the next frame. In 1/4 scan, only one quarter of the image is read out. Figure 3-2 illustrates the portion of the sensor exposed during partial scanning.

Chapter 3 NI Smart Camera Image Sensor

a bc

a Full Scan b 1/2 Scan c 1/4 Scan

Figure 3-2. Partial Scan Modes

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National Instruments NI Vision NI 17xx User Manual

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NI 17xx Smart Camera User Manual

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Contents

About This Manual

Conventions

Related Documentation

Hardware Documents

NI Vision Builder for Automated Inspection Documents

LabVIEW and NI Vision Development Module Documents

NI Vision Acquisition Software Documents

Hardware Overview

Table 1-1. NI Smart Camera Models

Figure 1-1. NI Smart Camera

Software Overview

NI Vision Builder for Automated Inspection

LabVIEW

LabVIEW Real-Time Module

NI Vision Development Module

NI Vision Acquisition Software

POWER-I/O Connector

Table 2-1. POWER-I/O Connector Signal Descriptions

NI Smart Camera Power Requirements

Isolated Inputs

Figure 2-1. Connecting External Sourcing Output Sensors to Isolated Inputs

Isolated Outputs

Figure 2-2. Connecting External Sinking Output Sensors to Isolated Inputs

Figure 2-3. Connecting an Isolated Output to a Sourcing External Load

Figure 2-4. Connecting an Isolated Output to a Sinking External Load

Protecting Against Inductive Loads

Connecting to Serial Devices

Communicating with the Console

Connecting to a Quadrature Encoder

Figure 2-5. Connecting Differential Line Drivers

Figure 2-6. NI Smart Camera Quadrature Encoder Input Circuit

Field of View

Figure 3-1. Parameters of an Imaging System

Image Sensor Spectral Response

Partial Scan Mode

Figure 3-2. Partial Scan Modes