National Instruments NI 9478 User Manual

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OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS

NI 9478

16-Channel, 0–50 V, Sinking Digital Output Module with Programmable Current Limits

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This document describes how to use the National Instruments 9478 and includes specifications and pin assignments for the NI 9478. Vis it ni.com/info and enter rdsoftwareversion to determine which software you need for the modules you are using. For information about installing, configuring, and programming the system, refer to the system documentation. Visit and enter

cseriesdoc for information about C Series

ni.com/info

documentation.

Note The safety guidelines and specifications in this

document are specific to the NI 9478. The other components in the system might not meet the same safety ratings and specifications. Refer to the documentation for each component in the system to determine the safety ratings and specifications for the entire system. Visit

ni.com/info and enter cseriesdoc for information

about C Series documentation.

NI 9478 Operating Instructions and Specifications 2 ni.com

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Safety Guidelines

Operate the NI 9478 only as described in these operating instructions.

Hot Surface This icon denotes that the component may be

hot. Touching this component may result in bodily injury.

Safety Guidelines for Hazardous Locations

The NI 9478 is suitable for use in Class I, Division 2, Groups A, B, C, D, T4 haza rdous locations; Class I, Zone 2, AEx nA IIC T4, and Ex nA IIC T4 hazardous locations; and nonhazardous locations only. Follow these guidelines if you are installing the NI 9478 in a potentially explosive environment. Not following these guidelines may result in serious injury or death.

Caution Do not disconnect I/O-side wires or connectors

unless power has been switched off or the area is known to be nonhazardous.

Caution Do not remove modules unless power has been

switched off or the area is known to be nonhazardous.

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Caution Substitution of components may impair

suitability for Class I, Division 2.

Caution For Zone 2 applications, install the system

in an enclosure rated to at least IP 54 as defined by IEC 60529 and EN 60529.

Caution For Zone 2 applications, install a protection

device across the external power supply and the COM pin. The device must prevent the external power supply voltage from exceeding 70 V if there is a transient overvoltage condition.

Special Conditions for Hazardous Locations Use in Europe

This equipment has been evaluated as Ex nA IIC T4 equipment under DEMKO Certificate No. 07 ATEX 0626664X. Each module

is marked II 3G and is suitable for use in Zone 2 hazardous locations. If you are using the NI 9478 in Gas Group IIC hazardous locations or in ambient temperatures of –40 °C ≤ Ta ≤ 70 °C, you must use the device in an NI chassis that has been evaluated as EEx nC IIC T4, Ex nA IIC T4, or Ex nL IIC T4 equipment.

NI 9478 Operating Instructions and Specifications 4 ni.com

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Special Conditions for Marine Applications

Some modules are Lloyd’s Register (LR) Type Approved for marine applications. To verify Lloyd’s Register certification, visit ni.com/certification and search for the LR certificate, or look for the Lloyd’s Register mark on the module.

Caution To meet radio frequency emission requirements

for marine applications, use shielded cables and install the system in a metal enclosure. Suppression ferrites must be installed on power supply inputs near power entries to modules and controllers. Power supply and module cables must be separated on opposite sides of the enclosure and must enter and exit through opposing enclosure walls.

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Connecting the NI 9478

The NI 9478 has a 37-pin DSUB connector that provides connections for the 16 digital output channels.

COM COM COM COM COM COM COM COM Vsup Vsup COM COM COM COM COM COM COM COM

Figure 1. NI 9478 Pin Assignments

NI 9478 Operating Instructions and Specifications 6 ni.com

DO0

DO1

DO2

DO3

DO4

DO5

DO6

DO7

Vsup

DO8

DO9

DO10

DO11

DO12

DO13

DO14

DO15

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Each channel of the NI 9478 has a DO pin to which you can connect the load you want to control. Each channel also has a COM pin. National Instruments recommends you provide independent COM wiring for each channel to minimize current flow in the COM wiring. The COM pins are all connected together internally.

Yo u must connect an external power supply to the NI 9478. This power supply provides the current for the devices you connect to the module. Connect the positive lead of the power supply to V

sup

and the negative lead of the power supply to COM.

Caution Do not remove or insert modules if the external

power supply connected to the V

pin is powered on.

sup

The NI 9478 has current sinking outputs, meaning the DO pin is driven to COM when the channel is turned on.

Yo u can directly connect the NI 9478 to a variety of industrial devices such as solenoids, motors, actuators, relays, and lamps. Make sure the devices you connect to the NI 9478 are compatible with the output specifications of the module. Refer to the

Specifications section for more information about the output

specifications.

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Connect the device to DO and the positive lead of the power supply. Refer to Figure 2 for an illustration of how to connect a device to the NI 9478.

sup

Cable

Clamp

NI 9478

COM

Device

External

Powe r

–

Supply

Figure 2. Connecting a Device to the NI 9478

Yo u must connect the V

pin to the power supply to enable a

sup

weak cable clamping diode that protects the module from cable inductance flyback. This flyback voltage results from small amounts of energy stored in the inductance of the cabling. Refer to the Using Long Cables section for more information about protection from cable inductance flyback. You still must install an external flyback diode when switching inductive loads. Refer to the

Protecting the Module from Flyback Voltages section for more

information about installing a flyback diode.

NI 9478 Operating Instructions and Specifications 8 ni.com

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Protecting the Module from Flyback Voltages

If the module is switching an inductive or energy-storing device such as a solenoid, motor, or relay, and the device does not have flyback protection, install an external flyback diode as shown in Figure 3. Refer to the Using Long Cables section for more information about protection from cable inductance flyback.

sup

Cable

Clamp

NI 9478

Figure 3. Connecting a Flyback Diode to the NI 9478

COM

Device

External

Power

–

Supply

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Using Long Cables

The inductance of the cabling that connects the NI 9478, the loads, and the external supply stores up energy when a channel is on and passing current through the cables. Each time a channel is turned off, the energy stored in the cables is released as flyback voltage and dissipates as heat in the NI 9478. The total power dissipated in the module increases with higher switching frequencies, higher currents, and longer cable lengths. The cable length is the total distance from the digital output pin of the NI 9478 channel, through the load, through the external power supply, and back to the COM pin, as shown in Figure 4.

sup

Load

Cable

Clamp

Cable

Length

NI 9478

COM

Figure 4. Cable Length of the NI 9478

NI 9478 Operating Instructions and Specifications 10 ni.com

External

Power

–

Supply

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Yo u can reduce the effective length of the cable by adding a capacitor close to the NI 9478 across the power supply leads and adding a diode from the digital output line to the V

pin line.

sup

National Instruments recommends that you use a capacitor with a capacitance of at least 20

μF. In this case, the effective length of the

cable is the distance from the output pin, through the new diode, through the capacitor, and back to the COM pin, as shown in Figure 5.

sup

Load

Cable

Clamp

Cable

Length

NI 9478

COM

Figure 5. Cable Length of the NI 9478 with a Capacitor and Diode

External

Power

–

Supply

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I/O Protection

The NI 9478 provides protection against overcurrent and short-circuit conditions.

Output Current Limit Thresholds

The NI 9478 provides two configurable current limit thresholds for the module, Limit A and Limit B. The NI 9478 continuously monitors the current through each output channel and detects if the current exceeds either of the current limit thresholds. You can configure the current limit thresholds and check the current limit output status in software to determine if the current through each channel has exceeded the current limit thresholds. Refer to the software help for more information about configuring current limits and checking output status. Visit

cseriesdoc for information about C Series documentation.

Overcurrent Protection

Yo u can configure each channel on the NI 9478 to disable the output if the current through the output exceeds either current limit threshold. This protects the NI 9478 from overcurrent and short-circuit conditions and provides a way to limit the current through an external device.

NI 9478 Operating Instructions and Specifications 12 ni.com

ni.com/info and enter

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Some applications require a large inrush current when a channel is first turned on. If this inrush current exceeds the maximum current limit threshold, you may need to disable overcurrent protection by programming the channel to have no current limit. Refer to the software help for more information about configuring current limits. Visit

ni.com/info and enter cseriesdoc for information

about C Series documentation.

Caution The NI 9478 is not protected against output

overcurrent or short-circuit conditions when overcurrent protection is disabled. If you disable overcurrent protection, ensure that the wiring is correct and that you are operating the NI 9478 within the specifications.

The total amount of current that you can switch with a channel depends on the duty cycle of the channel, the ambient temperature, the switching frequency, and the amount of current switched by other channels within the same module at the same time. Refer to the Safe Operating Current section for more information about the current specifications.

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Overcurrent Refresh

The NI 9478 provides an overcurrent refresh setting that enables a channel to automatically recover within the specified overcurrent refresh period if the channel exceeds its current limit threshold. If overcurrent refresh is disabled, the channel remains off after an overcurrent condition until software sends a command to turn the channel back on. Refer to the software help for more information about overcurrent refresh. Visit

cseriesdoc for information about C Series documentation.

ni.com/info and enter

Safe Operating Current

The maximum allowable output current depends on the output frequency and cable lengths. Higher output currents, higher output frequencies, and longer cable lengths can contribute to power dissipating and heat increasing in the NI 9478. The Specifications section gives allowable current and frequency specifications if you use 2 meters of cabling. For other operating conditions, you can find the safe operating specifications for the NI 9478 by calculating the percentage of the total allowable power each output channel dissipates given the output current, frequency, and cable length

NI 9478 Operating Instructions and Specifications 14 ni.com

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for that channel. Use the following equation to calculate the percentage of the total power budget each output channel uses in your application.

P 4% I

where P is the percentage of total allowable power the channel uses

out

⎝⎠

out

length is the total cable length in meters, shown in Figure 4

freq is the frequency rate in kHz at which the output channel goes

through an on-off cycle

0.12% length 0.2–()I

is the output current in amperes while the channel is on

⎛⎞

⎛⎞ ⎝⎠

out

0.04% I out

1+()+ freq+=

To verify that your application keeps the NI 9478 within safe operating specifications, calculate the average percentage of total allowable power each channel uses, then add together the percentages for all the channels. For operation in ambient temperatures from 55 to 70 °C, the total average power of all channels must remain under 100%. For temperatures below 55 °C, the total average power of all channels can run up to 150%.

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Example One

Yo u are driving a load with 2.0 meters of cable through a cycle in which the NI 9478 is on and passing 1.25 A of current for 40 then off for 10

μs. The output period is 50 μs (40 μs + 10 μs) so the

output frequency is 20 kHz. The channel uses 14.8% of the total power budget, as shown in the following equation.

4% 1.252()0.12% 2.0 0.2–()1.252()0.04% 1.25 1+()+[]20+ 14.8%=

NI 9478 Operating Instructions and Specifications 16 ni.com

μs,

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Example Two

Yo u are driving a load with 2.0 meters of cable through a cycle in which the NI 9478 first is constantly on and passing 3 A of current for 0.25 seconds, then drives the load at 20 kHz with 1.25 A current for 1.25 seconds, then drives the load off for 4 seconds. While the NI 9478 is constantly on, the output frequency is 0 kHz and the channel uses 36% (4% × 3

One shows that while the NI 9478 is driving at 20 kHz, the channel

uses 14.8% of the total power budget. While the NI 9478 is off, the channel uses 0% of the power budget. The average percentage of total allowable power over the complete 5.5 second cycle is 5%, as shown in the following equation.

36% 0.25s()14.8% 1.25 s()0% 4s()++

------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ 5%=

) of the total power budget. Example

5.5s

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Sleep Mode

This module supports a low-power sleep mode. Support for sleep mode at the system level depends on the chassis that the module is plugged into. Refer to the chassis manual for information about support for sleep mode. If the chassis supports sleep mode, refer to the software help for information about enabling sleep mode. Visit

ni.com/info and enter cseriesdoc for information about

C Series documentation.

Typically, when a system is in sleep mode, you cannot communicate with the modules. In sleep mode, the system consumes minimal power and may dissipate less heat than it does in normal mode. Refer to the Specifications section for more information about power consumption and thermal dissipation.

NI 9478 Operating Instructions and Specifications 18 ni.com

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Specifications

The following specifications are typical for the range –40 to 70 °C unless otherwise noted. All voltages are relative to COM unless otherwise noted.

Output Characteristics

Number of channels..........................16 digital output channels

Output type ....................................... Sinking

Power-on output state ....................... Channels off

Output voltage (V

External power supply voltage range (V

Continuous output current (I

All channels on........................... 1.2 A max

Four channels on ........................2.5 A max

One channel on........................... 5 A max

Refer to the Safe Operating Current section for more information about safe operating current.

) ........................... I0R

)........................... 0–50 VDC

sup

)1, per channel

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Switched output current (10 kHz)1, per channel

All channels on........................... 1 A max

Four channels on ........................2 A max

One channel on........................... 4 A max

Switched output current (20 kHz)

, per channel

All channels on........................... 0.75 A max

Four channels on ........................ 1.67 A max

One channel on........................... 3.33 A max

Output impedance (R

) ..................... 50 mΩ max

Reversed-voltage protection .............None

Number of current limit settings....... 2 (Limit A and Limit B)

Current limit range............................ 0 –5.1 A

Current limit resolution..................... 8-bit, 20 mA per LSB

Current limit accuracy ...................... 130 mA + 3% of setting, max

Using up to 2 meters of cabling on each output channel. Refer to the Safe Operating

Current section for more information.

NI 9478 Operating Instructions and Specifications 20 ni.com

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Overcurrent protection threshold

selection per channel......................... Limit A, Limit B, or

No Limit

Overcurrent shutoff response time.... 1

μs

Overcurrent refresh configuration ....Enabled or Disabled

Overcurrent refresh period................ 20–2550

μs in 10 μs

increments

Overcurrent refresh period

accuracy ............................................±7% max

Propagation delay .............................250 ns max

MTBF ............................................... 823,106 hours at 25 °C;

Bellcore Issue 6, Method 1, Case 3, Limited Part Stress Method

Note Contact NI for Bellcore MTBF specifications

at other temperatures or for MIL-HDBK-217F specifications.

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Power Requirements

Power consumption from chassis

Active mode ............................... 1 W max

Sleep mode ................................. 25

μW max

Thermal dissipation (at 70 °C)

Active mode ............................... 1.5 W max

Sleep mode ................................. 25

μW max

Physical Characteristics

If you need to clean the module, wipe it with a dry towel.

Weight............................................... 148 g (5.2 oz)

NI 9478 Operating Instructions and Specifications 22 ni.com

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Safety

Maximum Voltage

Connect only voltages that are within the following limits.

-to-COM..................................... 50 VDC,

sup

Measurement Category I is for measurements performed on circuits not directly connected to the electrical distribution system referred to as MAINS voltage. MAINS is a hazardous live electrical supply system that powers equipment. This category is for measurements of voltages from specially protected secondary circuits. Such voltage measurements include signal levels, special equipment, limited-energy parts of equipment, circuits powered by regulated low-voltage sources, and electronics.

Caution Do not connect the NI 9478 to signals or use for

measurements within Measurement Categories II, III, or IV.

The maximum voltage that can be applied or output between V creating a safety hazard.

Measurement Category I

and COM without

sup

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Isolation Voltages

Channel-to-channel........................... No isolation between

channels

Channel-to-earth ground

Continuous ................................. 60 VDC,

Measurement Category I

Withstand.................................... 1,000 V, verified by a 5 s

dielectric withstand test

Safety Standards

This product is designed to meet the requirements of the following standards of safety for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use:

• IEC 61010-1, EN 61010-1

• UL 61010-1, CSA 61010-1

Note For UL and other safety certifications, refer to the

product label or visit by modu le number or product line, and click the appropriate link in the Certification column.

NI 9478 Operating Instructions and Specifications 24 ni.com

ni.com/certification, search

Page 25

Hazardous Locations

U.S. (UL) .......................................... Class I, Division 2,

Canada (C-UL) ................................. Class I, Division 2,

Europe (DEMKO)............................. Ex nA IIC T4

Groups A, B, C, D, T4; Class I, Zone 2, AEx nA IIC T4

Groups A, B, C, D, T4; Class I, Zone 2, Ex nA IIC T4

Environmental

National Instruments C Series modules are intended for indoor use only but may be used outdoors if installed in a suitable enclosure. Refer to the manual for the chassis you are using for more information about meeting these specifications.

Operating temperature

(IEC 60068-2-1, IEC 60068-2-2) .....–40 to 70 °C

Storage temperature

(IEC 60068-2-1, IEC 60068-2-2) .....–40 to 85 °C

Ingress protection.............................. IP 40

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Operating humidity

(IEC 60068-2-56).............................. 10 to 90% RH,

noncondensing

Storage humidity

(IEC 60068-2-56).............................. 5 to 95% RH,

noncondensing

Maximum altitude............................. 2,000 m

Pollution Degree (IEC 60664).......... 2

Shock and Vibration

To meet these specifications, you must panel mount the system.

Operating vibration

Random (IEC 60068-2-64)......... 5 g

Sinusoidal (IEC 60068-2-6) .......5 g, 10 to 500 Hz

Operating shock

(IEC 60068-2-27).............................. 30 g, 11 ms half sine,

NI 9478 Operating Instructions and Specifications 26 ni.com

, 10 to 500 Hz

rms

50 g, 3 ms half sine, 18 shocks at 6 orientations

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Electromagnetic Compatibility

This product is designed to meet the requirements of the following standards of EMC for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use:

• EN 61326 EMC requirements; Industrial Immunity

• EN 55011 Emissions; Group 1, Class A

• CE, C-Tick, ICES, and FCC Part 15 Emissions; Class A

Note For EMC compliance, operate this device with

shielded cabling.

CE Compliance

This product meets the essential requirements of applicable European directives, as amended for CE markings, as follows:

• 2006/95/EC; Low-Voltage Directive (safety)

• 2004/108/EC; Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC)

Note Refer to the Declaration of Conformity (DoC) for

this product for any additional regulatory compliance information. To obtain the DoC for this product, visit

Page 28

ni.com/certification, search by module number

or product line, and click the appropriate link in the Certification column.

Environmental Management

National Instruments is committed to designing and manufacturing products in an environmentally responsible manner. NI recognizes that eliminating certain hazardous substances from our products is beneficial not only to the environment but also to NI customers.

For additional environmental information, refer to the NI and the Environment Web page at contains the environmental regulations and directives with which NI complies, as well as other environmental information not included in this document.

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)

EU Customers At the end of their life cycle, all products

must be sent to a WEEE recycling center. For more information about WEEE recycling centers and National Instruments WEEE initiatives, visit

environment/weee.htm

NI 9478 Operating Instructions and Specifications 28 ni.com

ni.com/environment. This page

ni.com/

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National Instruments

National InstrumentsЁ೑RoHS

ni.com/environment/rohs_china

about China RoHS compliance, go to

environment/rohs_china

ヺড়Ё೑⬉ᄤֵᙃ

(RoHS)

ড়㾘ᗻֵᙃˈ䇋ⱏᔩ

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(For information

ni.com/

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Where to Go for Support

The National Instruments Web site is your complete resource for technical support. At everything from troubleshooting and application development self-help resources to email and phone assistance from NI Application Engineers.

National Instruments corporate headquarters is located at 11500 North Mopac Expressway, Austin, Texas, 78759-3504. National Instruments also has offices located around the world to help address your support needs. For telephone support in the United States, create your service request at and follow the calling instructions or dial 512 795 8248. For telephone support outside the United States, contact your local branch office:

Australia 1800 300 800, Austria 43 662 457990-0, Belgium 32 (0) 2 757 0020, Brazil 55 11 3262 3599, Canada 800 433 3488, China 86 21 5050 9800, Czech Republic 420 224 235 774, Denmark 45 45 76 26 00, Finland 358 (0) 9 725 72511, France 01 57 66 24 24, Germany 49 89 7413130, India 91 80 41190000, Israel 972 3 6393737, Italy 39 02 41309277, Japan 0120-527196,

NI 9478 Operating Instructions and Specifications 30 ni.com

ni.com/support you have access to

ni.com/support

Page 31

Korea 82 02 3451 3400, Lebanon 961 (0) 1 33 28 28, Malaysia 1800 887710, Mexico 01 800 010 0793, Netherlands 31 (0) 348 433 466, New Zealand 0800 553 322, Norway 47 (0) 66 90 76 60, Poland 48 22 3390150, Portugal 351 210 311 210, Russia 7 495 783 6851, Singapore 1800 226 5886, Slovenia 386 3 425 42 00, South Africa 27 0 11 805 8197, Spain 34 91 640 0085, Sweden 46 (0) 8 587 895 00, Switzerland 41 56 2005151, Taiwan 886 02 2377 2222, Thailand 662 278 6777, Turkey 90 212 279 3031, United Kingdom 44 (0) 1635 523545

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National Instruments, NI, ni.com, and LabVIEW are trademarks of National Instruments Corporation. Refer to the Terms of Use section on product and company names mentioned herein are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies. For patents covering National Instruments products, refer to the appropriate location: Help»Patents in your software,

patents.txt file on your CD, or ni.com/patents.

the

ni.com/legal for more information about National Instruments trademarks. Other

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