Page 1
Getting Started with
Your IMAQ PCI-1408 and
the NI-IMAQ Software
for Mac OS
High-Quality Monochrome Image Acquisition Board
for PCI
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
June 1997 Edition
Part Number 321557A-01
© Copyright 1997 National Instruments Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Page 2
Internet Support
support@natinst.com
E-mail: info@natinst.com
FTP Site: ftp.natinst.com
Web Address: http://www.natinst.com
Bulletin Board Support
BBS United States: (512) 794 -5422
BBS United Kingdom: 01635 551422
BBS France: 01 48 65 15 5 9
Fax-on-Demand Support
(512) 418-1111
Telephone Support (U.S.)
Tel: (512) 795-8248
Fax: (512) 794-5678
International Offices
Australia 03 9879 5166, Austria 0662 45 79 90 0, Belgium 02 757 00 20,
Canada (Ontario) 905 785 0085, Canada (Québec ) 514 694 8521, Denmark 45 76 26 00,
Finland 09 725 725 11, France 01 48 14 24 24, Germany 089 741 31 30,
Hong Kong 2645 3186, Israel 03 5734815, Ital y 02 413091, Jap an 03 5472 2970,
Korea 02 596 7456, Mexico 5 520 2635, Nethe rlands 034 8 433466, Nor way 32 84 84 00,
Singapore 2265886, Spain 91 640 0085, Swede n 08 730 49 70, Switzerland 056 200 51 51,
Taiwan 02 377 1200, U.K. 01635 523545
National Instruments Corporate Headquarters
6504 Bridge Point Parkw ay Austin, TX 78730-503 9 Tel: (512) 794-0100
Page 3
Important Information
Warranty
The IMAQ PCI-1408 is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date
of shipment, as evidenced by receipts or other documentation. National Instruments will, at its option, repair or replace
equipment that proves to be defective during the warranty per iod. This warrant y includes par ts and labor .
The media on which you receive National Instru ments software ar e warranted not to fail to execute pro grammi ng
instructions, due to defects in materials and workmanship, for a period of 90 days from date of shipment, as evidenced
by receipts or other documentation. National Instruments will, at its option, repair or replace software media that do
not execute programming instructions if National Instruments receives notice of such defects during the warranty
period. National Instruments does not warr ant that t he operatio n of the softwar e shall be uni nte rrupt ed or erro r free.
A Return Material Authorization (RMA) number must be obtained from the factory and clearly marked on the outside
of the package before any equipment will be accepted for warranty work. Natio nal Instrum ents wil l pay the shippin g
costs of returning to the owner par ts whi ch are cov ered by w arranty .
National Instruments believes that the information in this manual is accurate. The document has been carefully
reviewed for technical accuracy. In the event that technical or typographical errors exist, National Instruments reserves
the right to make changes to subsequent editi ons of this document without prior notice to hol ders of this edition. The
reader should consult National Instruments if errors are suspected. In no event shall National Instruments be liable for
any damages arising out of or related to this docum ent or the in format ion contai ned in it.
E
XCEPT AS SPECIFIED HEREIN
SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
C
USTOMER’S RIGHT TO RECOVER DAMAGES CAUSED BY FAULT OR NEGLIGENCE ON THE PART OF NATIONAL
I
NSTRUMENTS SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT THERETOFORE PAID BY THE CUSTOMER
WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM LOSS OF DATA, PROFITS, USE OF PRODUCTS, OR INCIDENTAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF
Instruments will apply regardless of the form of action, whether in contract or tort, including negligence. Any action
against National Instruments must be brought within one year after the cause of action accrues. National Instruments
shall not be liable for any delay in performan ce due to causes beyo nd it s reasonable cont rol. The warranty pr ovided
herein does not cover damages, defects, malf unctio ns, or s ervice fai lures caused by owne r’s fail ure to fol low the
National Instruments in sta llat ion, o perat ion, or ma inte na nce instr uct ions; owner ’s modif icat ion of the p roduct;
owner’s abuse, misuse, or negligent acts; and power failure or surges, fire, flood, accident, actions of third parties, or
other events outside reasonable control.
, N
ATIONAL INSTRUMENTS MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND
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. N
ATIONAL INSTRUMENTS
. This limitatio n of the li abil ity of Natio nal
Copyright
Under the copyright laws, this publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, reco rding, storin g in an in format ion retr iev al system , or tra nslati ng, in wh ole or in par t,
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Trademarks
LabVIEW®, RTSI®, IMAQ™, and MITE™ are trademarks of National Instruments Corporation.
Product and company names listed are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies.
WARNING REGARDING MEDICAL AND CLINICAL USE OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS
National Instruments products are not design ed with comp onents and testing in tend ed to ensure a level o f reliabi lity
suitable for use in treatment and diag nosi s of humans . Appli cations of Nationa l Inst rument s prod ucts inv olving
medical or clinical treatment can create a potential for accidental injury caused by product failure, or by errors on the
part of the user or application designer. Any use or applicati on of Nati onal Instrum ents pr oducts for or involvin g
medical or clinical treatment must be performed by properly trained and qualified medical personnel, and all traditional
medical safeguards, equipment, and procedures that are appropriate in the particular situation to prevent serious injury
or death should always continue to be used when National Instruments products are being used. National Instruments
products are NOT intended to be a substitute f or any for m of establ ished pr ocess, proce dure, or equi pmen t used to
monitor or safegua rd huma n he alth and sa fety in med ical or clin ical t reat ment .
Page 4
FCC/DOC Radio Frequency Interference Class A Compliance
This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in strict
accordance with the instructions in this manual, may cause interference to radio and television
reception. Classification requirements are the same for the Federal Communications Commission
(FCC) and the Canadian Department of Communications (DOC). This equipment has been tested and
found to comply with the following two regulatory agencies:
Federal Communications Commission
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device,
pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are d esigned to pro vide reasonable pro tection against
harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate rad io frequenc y energy and, if not installed and used in accord ance with
the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this
equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be
required to correct the interference at his own expense.
Notices to User: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by National Instruments could void
If necessary, consult National Instruments or an experienced radio/television technician for additional
suggestions. The following booklet prepared by the FCC may also be helpful: Interference to Home
Electronic Entertainment Equipment Handbook. This booklet is available from the U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
the user’s authority to operate the equipment under the FCC Rules.
This device complies with the FCC rules only if used with shielded interface cables of
suitable quality and construction. National Instruments used such cables to test this
device and provides them for sale to the user. The use of inferior or nonshielded
interface cabl es co ul d void the user’s author ity to operate the equ ip m ent under the
FCC rules.
Canadian Department of Communications
This Class A digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference- Causing Equi pment
Regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel
brouilleur du Canada.
Page 5
About This Manual
Organization of This Manual.................................................................................. ......ix
Conventions Used in This Manual................................................................................x
National Instruments Documentation. ...... ...... ................................. ...... ...... .................xi
Related Documentation.................................................................................................xi
Customer Communication. .................................. ...... ...... .............................................xi
Chapter 1
Introduction
About the PCI-1408......................................................................................................1-1
What You Need to Get Started.....................................................................................1-2
Software Programming Choices...................................................................................1-3
National Instruments Application Software...................................................1-3
NI-IMAQ Driver Software.............................................................................1-4
Optional Equipment......................................................................................................1-5
Unpacking.....................................................................................................................1-6
How to Set up Your IMAQ System..............................................................................1-6
Table
of
Contents
Chapter 2
Configuration and Installation
Board Configuration..................................................................................................... 2-1
VIDEO0 Input Mode......................................................................................2-2
External CLK and Synchronization Input Mode............................................2-3
Switch S1........................................................................................................2-4
Installation ....................................................................................................................2-4
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview
Functional Overview.....................................................................................................3-1
Video Mux......................................................................................................3-2
Antichrominance Filter...................................................................................3-2
Programmable Gain and Offset......................................................................3-2
8-Bit ADC and LUT.......................................................................................3-3
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Table of Contents
CSYNC Mux.................................................................................................. 3-3
Genlock and Synchronization Circuitry.........................................................3-3
VCO and PLL Circuitry............................................................................... ..3-3
Pixel Aspect Ratio Circuitry.......................................................................... 3-3
PCLK, HSYNC, VSYNC Mux...................................................................... 3-4
RTSI Bus........................................................................................................ 3-4
Trigger Control and Mapping Circuitry .........................................................3-4
Acquisition and Region-of-Interest Control .......................................... ...... ..3-4
FIFO Buffer.................................................................................................... 3-4
Scatter-Gather DMA Controllers...................................................................3-5
SRAM ............................................................................................................ 3-5
PCI Interface..................................................................................................3-5
Board Configuration NVRAM....................................................................... 3-5
Video Acquisition.........................................................................................................3-6
Start/Stop Conditions.....................................................................................3-6
Acquisition Window Control.........................................................................3-6
Programming Video Parameters.................................................................... 3-8
Acquisition Modes........................................................................................................ 3-10
Chapter 4
Signal Connections
BNC Connector............................................................................................................ 4-1
I/O Connector............................................................................................................... 4-1
I/O Connector Signal Connection Descriptions............................................. 4-2
Chapter 5
Configuration Utility
Introduction..................................................................................................................5-1
Using IMAQconf........................................................... .................................. ..... ...... ..5-1
Menu Bar........................................................................................................ 5-2
File Menu......................................................................................... 5-2
Edit Menu .......................................................... ..... ...... ................... 5-2
Scaling Menu..................................................... ..............................5-3
AutoSnap Menu............................................................................... 5-4
Display Menu ..................................................................................5-4
Interface Panel...................................... ................................. ...... ...... ............. 5-5
Camera Type Panel........................................................................................5-6
Basic Settings Panel....................................................................................... 5-7
Camera Acquisition Panel..............................................................................5-9
Advanced Panel (1)........................................................................................5-10
Advanced Panel (2)........................................................................................5-12
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS vi
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Advanced Panel (3)........................................................................................5-13
Operating Mode Panel....................................................................................5-15
Hardware Lookup Table Panel.......................................................................5-17
Video Sequence Recording Panel ..................................................................5-22
Saving Your Configuration...........................................................................................5-24
Testing Your Configuration..........................................................................................5-24
Image Storage...............................................................................................................5-25
Appendix A
Specifications
Appendix B
Custom Cables
Appendix C
Customer Communication
Glossary
Table of Contents
Index
Figures
Figure 1-1. The Relationship between the Programming Environment,
NI-IMAQ, and Your Hardware .............................................................1-5
Figure 1-2. How to Set up Your IMAQ System.......................................................1-7
Figure 2-1. Parts Locator Diagram...........................................................................2-2
Figure 2-2. Configuring VIDEO0 with Jumper W1.................................................2-3
Figure 2-3. Configuring PCLK, VSYNC, HSYNC, and CSYNC
with Jumper W3.....................................................................................2-3
Figure 2-4. Switch S1...............................................................................................2-4
Figure 3-1. PCI-1408 Block Diagram......................................................................3-2
Figure 3-2. Video Line .............................................................................................3-7
Figure 3-3. Video Field ............................................................................................3-8
Figure 4-1. BNC Connector Pin Assignment...........................................................4-1
Figure 4-2. I/O Connector Pin Assignments ............................................................4-2
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Table of Contents
Figure 5-1. File Menu .............................................................................................. 5-2
Figure 5-2. Edit Menu..............................................................................................5-3
Figure 5-3. Scaling Menu......................................................................................... 5-3
Figure 5-4. Autosnap Menu ..................................................................................... 5-4
Figure 5-5. Display Menu ........................................................................................5-4
Figure 5-6. Interface Panel Settings........................................... ..... ...... ................... 5-5
Figure 5-7. Camera Type Panel Settings..................................................................5-6
Figure 5-8. Basic Settings Panel .............................................................................. 5-8
Figure 5-9. Camera Acquisition Panel Settings...................................................... 5-10
Figure 5-10. Advanced Panel (1)............................................................................... 5-11
Figure 5-11. Advanced Panel (2)............................................................................... 5-12
Figure 5-12. Advanced Panel (3)............................................................................... 5-14
Figure 5-13. Operating Mode Panel Settings.............................................................5-15
Figure 5-14. Hardware Lookup Table Panel.............................................................. 5-18
Figure 5-15. Normal LUT..........................................................................................5-19
Figure 5-16. Inverse LUT .......................................................................................... 5-19
Figure 5-17. Log LUT................................................................................................ 5-20
Figure 5-18. Exponential LUT................................................................................... 5-20
Figure 5-19. Binary LUT ...........................................................................................5-21
Figure 5-20. Inverse Binary LUT...............................................................................5-22
Figure 5-21. Video Sequence Recording Panel......................................................... 5-23
Figure B-1. 25-Pin DSUB Receptacle ...................................................................... B-1
Tables
Table 4-1. I/O Connector Signals...........................................................................4-2
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS viii
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Page 9
Getting Started with Your IMAQ PCI-1408 and the NI-IMAQ Software
for Mac OS describes the f eature s, fu nc tions, a nd oper ation of the
PCI-1408. The PCI -14 08 is a h igh-a ccu ra cy, mon ochro me PCI imag e
acquisition (IMAQ) board th at supports RS-170, CCIR, NTSC, an d
PAL video standards from any of four inputs. Getting Started with Your
IMAQ PCI-1408 and the NI-IMAQ Software for Mac OS is intended for
users with a basic knowled ge of im age acqu isition.
Organization of This Manual
Getting Started with Your IMAQ PCI-1408 and the NI-IMAQ Software
for Mac OS is organized as follows:
• Chapter 1, Introduction, describes the PCI-14 08; lists what you
need to get started; de scribe s s oftwar e pr ogr amming c hoic es,
optional equipment, and custom cables; and explains how to
unpack and set up the PCI-1408.
• Chapter 2, Configuration and Installation , explains ho w to
configure and install your PCI-140 8 board.
• Chapter 3, Hardware Overview, presents an overview of the
hardware functions on your PCI-140 8 board and ex plains the
operation of each functional unit making up the PCI-1408.
• Chapter 4, Signal Connections, describes cable connec tions for the
PCI-1408.
• Chapter 5, Configuration Utility, describes the b asic f unctions of
IMAQconf, the configuration and diagnostic utility included with
the PCI-1408.
• Appendix A, Specifications, lists the specifications of the
PCI-1408.
• Appendix B, Custom Cables, lists specifications for building
custom cabling for your PCI-1408.
• Appendix C, Customer Communication, contains f orm s you ca n
use to request help from National Instruments or to comment on our
products and manuals.
About
This
Manual
©
National Instruments Corporation ix PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
Page 10
About This Manual
•The Glossary contains an alphabetical list and description of terms
used in this manual, including abbreviations, acronym s, metric
prefixes, mnemonics, and symbols.
•The Index cont ains a n al phabe tical list o f key te rms a nd topic s in
this manual, including the page whe re you can fin d ea ch on e.
Conventions Used in This Manual
The following conventions are used in this manual:
<> Angle brackets containing numbers separated by an ellipses represent a
range of values associated with a bit or signal name (for exam ple,
ACH<0..7>).
– A hyphen between tw o or mo re key name s en clos ed in an gle brac kets
denotes that you should s imultan eously press the na med keys— for
example, <Control–Alt–Delete>.
» The » symbol leads you through nested menu items and dialog box
options to a final action. The sequence
File»Page Setup»Options»Substitute Fonts
directs you to pull down the File menu, select the Page Setup item,
select Options, and finally select the Substitute Fonts options from the
last dialog box.
bold Bold text denotes menus, menu items, or dialog box bu ttons or options.
italic Italic text denotes emphasis, a cross reference, or an introduction to a
key concept. This font also deno tes text for w hich you supply the
appropriate word or v alue, such a s in Windo ws 3.x.
bold italic Bold italic text denotes a note, caution, or warning.
monospace Lowercase text in this font denotes text or characters that are to be
literally input from the keyboard, sections of code, programming
examples, and syntax examples. This font is also used for the proper
names of disk drives, paths, directories, programs, sub progra ms,
subroutines, device names, functions, variable s, filenames and
extensions, and for stat emen ts a nd comm en ts take n from p rogra ms.
Abbreviations, acronyms, me tric prefixes, mnemonics, symbols, an d
terms are listed in the Glossary.
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS x
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National Instruments Corporation
Page 11
National Instruments Documentation
Getting Started with Your IMAQ PCI-1408 and the NI-IMAQ Software
for Mac OS is one piece of the docum entation set fo r your image
acquisition system. You could have any of several types of manuals,
depending on the ha rdwa re a nd sof twa re in your syste m. U se th e
different types of manuals you have as follows:
• Software documentation—You may have both application software
and NI-IMAQ software documentation . National Instru ments
application software include s La bVIE W. A fter you set u p your
hardware system, use either the application software (LabVIEW)
documentation or the NI -IMA Q d ocume ntatio n to he lp you w rite
your application. If you have a large and complicated system, it is
worthwhile to look through the software documentation before you
configure your har dwar e.
• Accessory installation guides or manuals—I f you are using
accessory products, read the terminal block and cable assembly
installation guides or accessory board user manuals. They explain
how to physically co nnec t the releva nt p ieces of the s ystem .
Consult these guides when you are mak ing your c onne ctions.
About This Manual
Related Documentation
The following document contains information that you may find helpful
as you read this manual:
• Your computer technic al re fere nce ma nual
Customer Communication
National Instruments wants to rece ive you r com ments o n ou r prod ucts
and manuals. We are interested in the applications you develop with our
products, and we want to help if you have problems with them. To make
it easy for you to contact us, this manual contains comment and
configuration forms for you to complete. These for ms are in
Appendix C, Customer Communication, at the end of this manual.
©
National Instruments Corporation xi PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
Page 12
Chapter
Introduction
This chapter describes the PCI-1408; lists what you need to get started;
describes software programming choic es, optional equipment, a nd
custom cables; and expla ins h ow to un pack and set up the PCI -1408.
About the PCI-1408
The PCI-1408 is a high -a ccur ac y, m ono ch rom e , PC I- bas ed IMA Q
board that supports RS -170, CCI R, N TSC, a nd PA L vide o stan da rds
from any of four input sources. The board features an 8-bit flash analogto-digital converter (ADC) that converts video signals to digital
formats. The PCI-1408 acquires frames in real time and transfers them
directly to system memory.
The PCI-1408 is simple to conf igur e an d is fac tory calibrate d so tha t
you can easily install the board and begin your image acquisition. Th e
PCI-1408 ships with NI-IMAQ, the National Instruments complete
IMAQ driver software you can use to dire ctly contro l the PCI-1408.
Using NI-IMAQ, you ca n quick l y and easily star t your a pplication
without having to program the board at the register level.
1
Featuring low cost and high accur acy, th e PCI- 1408 is ide al for both
industrial and scientific enviro nments. As a stan dalone boar d, the
PCI-1408 supports fou r v ideo so urc es and fo ur e xter nal I/O lines that
you can use as triggers or digital I/O lines. If you require more advanced
triggering or additional I/O lines (either digital or analog), you can use
the PCI-1408 and NI-IMAQ with the National Instrume nts data
acquisition (DAQ) product line.
A common problem with image a cquisition boa rds is that you can not
easily synchronize severa l fu nction s to a comm on trigg er o r timing
event. The PCI-1408 uses its Real-Time System Integration (RTSI) bus
to solve this problem. The RTSI bus consists of the National
Instruments RTSI bus interface and ribbon cable to route additional
timing and trigger signals between the PCI-1408 and up to four National
Instruments DAQ boards in your compu ter. The RTSI bus can even
synchronize multiple PCI- 1408 im age ca ptures.
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National Instruments Corporation 1-1 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
Page 13
Chapter 1 Introduction
Detailed specifications of the PCI-1408 ar e in Appe ndix A,
Specifications.
What You Need to Get Started
To set up and use y our PCI-1 408 , you w ill need the follow ing:
❑ PCI-1408
NI-IMAQ for Mac OS Release Notes
❑
Getting Started with Your IMAQ PCI-1408 and the NI-IMAQ
❑
Software for Mac OS
❑ NI-IMAQ for Mac OS and online documentation
❑ Optional software packages and documentation:
–LabVIEW
– IMAQ Vision for G
❑ IMAQ BNC-1 shielded, 75 Ω BNC cable for VIDEO0 (included with
the PCI-1408)
❑ IMAQ A2504-1 video cable (optional—for trigger and additional
camera support)
❑ IMAQ A2514-1 video cable (optional—for complete trigger,
additional camera, and external synchronization support)
❑ BNC-to-RCA adapter (included with the PCI-1408)
❑ Your PowerPC-based PCI computer running Mac OS version 7.0 or
later
❑ A video camera or other video source
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS 1-2
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National Instruments Corporation
Page 14
Software Programming Choices
You have several options to choose from w hen progra mming you r
National Instruments IMAQ hardwa re. You can use National
Instruments application software such as LabVIEW, National
Instruments image analysis software such as IMAQ Vision, or the
NI-IMAQ driver sof tware .
National Instruments Application Software
LabVIEW features interactive graphics, a state-of-the-art user
interface, and a po werf ul g raphic al progr am ming langua ge. The
LabVIEW IMAQ V I Libr ar y, a se rie s o f virt ual inst ru ment s (V Is) f or
using LabVIEW with the PCI-1408, is included with the NI-IMAQ
software kit. The LabVIEW IMAQ VI Library is functionally
equivalent to the N I-IMAQ softwa re.
IMAQ Vision for G is an image acquisition, processing, and analysis
library that consists of more than 4 00 VI s for using the PCI-140 8 w ith
LabVIEW. You can use IMAQ Vision for G functions directly or in
combination for unique image proc essing. There are two version s of
IMAQ Vision for G. The Base version gives you the ability to acquire,
display, manipulate, and store images. The Advanced version is a
complete set of functions for image analysis, proce ssing, and
interpretation. Using IMA Q Vision for G, an imag ing novice or exper t
can perform graphical progra mming of the most bas ic or complicate d
image applications without knowledge of any algorithm
implementations.
Chapter 1 Introduction
©
National Instruments Corporation 1-3 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
Page 15
Chapter 1 Introduction
NI-IMAQ Driver Software
The NI-IMAQ driver software is included at no charge with the
PCI-1408. NI-IMAQ has an extensive library of functions that you can
call from your application progr amming environment. These functions
include routines for video configuration, image acquisition (continuous
and single-shot), memo ry buffer alloc ation, trigg er control, an d board
configuration. The NI- IMA Q driv er so ftw are perf orms all f unctio ns
required for acquiring and saving images. The NI-IMAQ software does
not perform any im age an alysis. Fo r image an alysis f unct ional ity, r efer
to the National Instruments Application Software section earlier in this
chapter.
NI-IMAQ has bo th h igh-le vel and low-le vel fu nc tions f or max imum
flexibility and performance. Exa mples o f high-leve l func tions inc lude
the functions to acquire images in single-shot or continuous mode. An
example of a low- lev el func tion, w hich requir es adva nc ed
understanding of the PCI-1408 and image acquisition, is configuring an
image sequence.
NI-IMAQ also internally resolves many of the complex issues between
the computer and the PC I-1408 , suc h as pro gram ming interru pts a nd
DMA controllers. NI-IMAQ is the interface path between LabVIEW or
a conventional programming e nvironment an d the PCI-140 8.
Any platform that supports NI-IMAQ also supports NI-DAQ and a
variety of National Instruments DAQ boards, so your PCI-1408 and
NI-IMAQ development can integrate with National Instruments DAQ
products.
Whether you are u sing co nventiona l p rogra mm ing lang uage s or
National Instruments software , you r a pplica tion u ses the NI- IMAQ
driver software, as illustrated in Figure 1-1.
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS 1-4
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National Instruments Corporation
Page 16
Chapter 1 Introduction
IMAQ Hardware
DAQ Hardware
LabVIEW
(Mac OS)
Figure 1-1. The Relationship between the Programming Environment,
Optional Equipment
Personal
Computer or
Workstation
NI-IMAQ
Driver Software
Conventional Programming
Environment (Mac OS)
NI-IMAQ, and Your Hardware
National Instruments offers a var iety of pr odu cts for u se with yo ur
PCI-1408 board, includin g ca bles a nd other Nation al Instr uments
products:
• A four-pod BNC cable, which routes video and trigger signals to a
BNC connector block (IMAQ A2504-1)
• A 14-pod BNC cab le, whic h rou tes all v ide o, trigger , and
synchronization signals to a BNC con nector blo ck
(IMAQ A2514-1)
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Chapter 1 Introduction
Unpacking
• RTSI bus cables, for connecting the PCI-1408 to other DAQ
hardware
• Other National Instruments DAQ device s for en hance d trigger ing,
timing, or input/output
For more specific information about these products, refer to your
National Instruments catalogue or c all the of fice near est you .
Your PCI-1408 board is shipped in an antistatic packag e to prevent
electrostatic damage to the board. Electrostatic discharge can damage
several com ponents on the board. To avoid such damage in handling the
board, take the following pre cautions:
• Ground yourself via a ground ing strap or by holdin g a grounded
object.
• Touch the antistatic package to a metal part of your computer
chassis before removing the board from the package.
• Remove the board fr om the package an d inspect the boar d for loose
components or any o t her sig ns o f dama ge. No tify Nationa l
Instruments if the board appears da maged in any way. Do
install a damaged board in your computer.
• Never touch the exposed pins of connectors.
NOT
How to Set up Your IMAQ System
Use Figure 1-2 to install you r har dwa re a nd softwa re, c onfig ure you r
hardware, and begin using NI-IM AQ in your applic ation program s.
If you will be accessing the NI-IMAQ device drivers through LabVI EW,
you should read the NI-IMAQ release notes and NI-IMAQ VIs for G
Reference Manual to help you get started.
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS 1-6
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National Instruments Corporation
Page 18
Read the NI-IMAQ release notes and follow the
instructions to install your NI-IMAQ software and
documentation.
Chapter 1 Introduction
Follow the hardware installation instructions in
Chapter 2,
Configure your hardware using the NI-IMAQ
configuration utility, IMAQconf, as described
No
Read Chapter 2,
Fundamentals of
Building Applications with NI-IMAQ
NI-IMAQ User Manual for Mac OS
Read the sections in Chapter 3,
and Chapter 4,
NI-IMAQ User Manual for Mac OS
in the
to the NI-IMAQ function groups you will use
Programming with NI-IMAQ,
in your application.
Software Overview
Configuration and Installation
in this document.
in Chapter 5,
this document.
Are you using
application software?
, in the
.
that apply
Configuration Utility
Continue by reading:
NI-IMAQ VIs for G Reference Manual
•
you are using LabVIEW
• Your IMAQ Vision for G documentation
if you are using IMAQ Vision for G
You no longer need the NI-IMAQ manual set.
,
,
, in
Yes
, if
Look at the self-documented example source
code on your distribution diskettes for your
application language and environment.
Use the
for Mac OS
NI-IMAQ Function Reference Manual
when you need specific information
about individual NI-IMAQ functions.
Figure 1-2. How to Set up Your IMAQ System
©
National Instruments Corporation 1-7 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
Page 19
Configuration and
Chapter
Installation
This chapter explains how to configur e and install your PCI-1408
board.
Board Configuration
This section describes h ow to conf igure the fo llowin g options on the
PCI-1408 board:
• VIDEO0 input mode
• External CLK and synchronization input mode
All other configuration options are software config urable.
Figure 2-1 shows the location of user-configurable jumpers an d
switches as well as factory-default settings on the PCI-1408.
2
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National Instruments Corporation 2-1 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
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Chapter 2 Configuration and Installation
4 65 7 8
3
2
1
9
1W3
2 25-Pin DSUB
Connector
3 BNC Connector
4W1
5 Assembly Number
Figure 2-1. Parts Locator Diagram
VIDEO0 Input Mode
VIDEO0 has two differen t inp ut so urces via a BNC conn ec tor or a
25-pin DSUB port and two different input mo des—refe renced singleended (RSE) and differential (DIFF) input. When you use the BNC
input for VIDEO0, set the inp ut mode to RSE ( W1 popula ted) . Whe n
you use the 25 -pin D SUB po rt f or V IDE O0, set the input m ode for
either RSE or DIFF.
When in RSE mode, the video input uses one analog input line, which
connects to the video multiplexer circuitry . The nega tive input to the
video multiplexer is tied internally to ana log gro und. W hen in DIFF
mode, the video input uses tw o analog inp ut signals. One signal
connects to the positive input of the video multiplexer circu itry while
the other input signal connects to the negative input of the video
multiplexer circuitry. Jumper W1 controls the input mode selection, as
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS 2-2
6 Product Name
7 Serial Number
8 RTSI Bus Connector
9 Logical Address
Switch (S1)
©
National Instruments Corporation
Page 21
shown in Figure 2-2. Unpopulating W1 con figures VIDE O0 for DIFF
mode. Populating W1 configures VIDEO0 for RSE mode.
a. RSE Mode (Default) b. DIFF Mode
Figure 2-2. Configuring VIDEO0 with Jumper W1
External CLK and Synchronization Input Mode
The external PCLK, VSYNC, HSYNC, and CSYNC signals have two
different input modes—RSE (T TL) and DIFF ( RS-422) inp ut. With
RSE, the input uses one analog input line, which connects to the
synchronization selection circuitry. The negative input to this circuitry
is tied internally to analog ground. For RSE mode, populate all five sets
of jumpers on W3, as shown in Figure 2-3. With DIFF mode, the input
uses two analog input signals. One signal connects to the positive input
of the synchronization selection circuitry whil e the other input connects
to the negative input of the synchronization selection circ uitry.
Chapter 2 Configuration and Installation
a. RSE Mode (Default) b. DIFF Mode
Figure 2-3. Configuring PCLK, VSYNC, HSYNC, and CSYNC with Jumper W3
©
National Instruments Corporation 2-3 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
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Chapter 2 Configuration and Installation
Switch S1
Switch S1 is unused and should always be in the ON position, as shown
in Figure 2-4.
Installation
Warning: To protect both yourself and the computer from electrical hazards, the
Figure 2-4.
You can install the PCI-1408 board in any available PCI expansion slot
in your computer. However, to achieve the best noise performance, you
should leave as much room as possible between the PCI-1408 board and
other boards and ha rd wa re.
The following are general instructions, but consult yo ur computer user
manual or technical reference manual for specific instructions and
warnings.
1. Plug in but do not turn on your computer befo re insta llin g the
PCI-1408. The power c ord grounds th e comp uter and protects it
from electrical damage while you are installing the module.
computer should remain off until you finish installing the PCI-14 08
module.
2. Remove the top cover or access port to the PC I bus.
3. Select any available PCI expansi on slot .
4. Touch the metal part of the power supply case inside the computer
to discharge any static e lectric ity tha t m ight b e on you r cloth es or
body.
Switch S1
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS 2-4
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National Instruments Corporation
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Chapter 2 Configuration and Installation
5. Line up the PCI-1408 with the 25-pin DSUB and BNC connectors
near the cut-out on the back panel. Slowly push down on the top of
the PCI-1408 until its card-edge connector is resting on the
expansion slot receptacle. Using slow, evenly distributed pressure,
press the PCI-1408 straight down until it seats in the expansion slot.
6. Check the installation.
7. Replace the computer cover.
Your PCI-1408 is now insta lled.
©
National Instruments Corporation 2-5 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
Page 24
Chapter
Hardware Overview
This chapter pres ents an o ve rview of th e hardw are f unctions on yo ur
PCI-1408 board and ex plain s the o pe ration o f eac h func tional u nit
making up the PCI-1408 .
Functional Overview
The PCI-1408 features an 8-bit flash ADC that conve rts video signa ls
to digital formats, four v ideo sign al mu ltiplexers, and pr ogram ma ble
gain and offset. It also uses a PCI in terface for high -speed da ta transf er,
scatter-gather DMA controllers that control the transfer of data betwe en
the first-in, fi rs t-ou t (FI F O) m em or y b uff er s an d t he PC I bus,
nonvolatile and static RAM for con figuring register s o n pow er-u p and
programming the DMA controllers, and acquisition an d
region-of-interest control circ uitry that mo nitors video signa ls. Th e
board also includes po werf ul tr igge r cir cuitry inc lud ing f our exte rn al
triggers and RTSI bus trigge rs. Othe r featu res include inter nally
generated or externa lly in put CS YNC, HS YNC , V SYNC , and PC LK
synchronization and clock sign als.
3
The block diagram in Figure 3-1 illustrates the key functional
components of the PCI-14 08.
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National Instruments Corporation 3-1 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
RTSI Bus
External PCLK,
VSYNC, and HSYNC
External CSYNC
25-Pin DSUB Connector
Video 0, 1, 2, 3
Video 0
BNC
Video Mux
VSYNC
PCLK
Video
In
Trigger Control
and Mapping
Circuitry
Acquisition and
Region-of-Interest
Control
8-Bit A/D
and LUT
FIFOs
PCI Interface
and
Scatter-Gather
DMA Controllers
SRAM for DMA
Control
CSYNC
Video Mux
Mux
Genlock and
Synchronization
Circuitry
VCO and
PLL
Circuitry
Antichrominance
Filter
4 External Triggers
PCLK,
HSYNC,
VSYNC
Mux
Generated
PCLK,
HSYNC,
VSYNC
Pixel
Aspect
Ratio
Circuitry
Programmable
Gain and
Offset
and HSYNC
Figure 3-1. PCI-1408 Block Diagram
You can select a ny of the fo ur A C-cou pled v ideo inputs thr oug h the
video multiplexer circuitry.
PCI Bus
Antichrominance Filter
The PCI-1408 includes an antichrominance filter that removes
chrominance from a comp osite color vide o signal. You ca n use two
software-selectable antichrominance filters: a 3.58 MHz notch filter to
remove color inform ation from an NT SC signal and a 4.43 MHz notch
filter to remove color information from a PAL signal.
Programmable Gain and Offset
The PCI-1408 uses programmable gain and offset circuitry to optimize
the input signal range.
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS 3-2
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National Instruments Corporation
Page 26
8-Bit ADC and LUT
An 8-bit flash ADC digitizes the image, which is passed to a
256-by-8 bit lookup table (LUT) RAM. You can co nfigure the input
LUT to implement simple imaging operations such as contrast
enhancement, data inver sion, g amma man ipula tion, or oth er no nlinear
transfer functions.
CSYNC Mux
The composite synchronization ( CSYNC ) mu ltiplexer lets the genloc k
and synchronization circuitry select the internally generated composite
synchronization signal or the composite synchronization signal
received from the I/ O con nector .
Genlock and Synchronization Circuitry
The genloc k a nd s ync hro ni zati on ci rcu itr y recei ve s t he i nco ming vid eo
signal and generates a PCL K, HSY NC, and VS YNC sign al f or use by
the acquisition and control circuitry. The synchronization circuitry
interacts with the voltage-controlled osc illator (VCO) and phase-locked
loop (PLL) circuitry, which genera tes and controls the PCLK.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
VCO and PLL Circuitry
The VCO and PLL circuitry controls the internally generated PCLK
signal frequency. The PCI-1408 can digitize an incoming video signal
at rates of up to 16.4 MHz.
Pixel Aspect Ratio Circuitry
The pixel aspect ratio circuitry adjusts the ratio between the physical
horizontal size and the vertical size of the r egion c overe d by the pixel.
This value is used to figure the picture aspect ratio. For more
information, see the Acquisition Window Control section later in this
chapter.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
PCLK, HSYNC, VSYNC Mux
The acquisition control circ uitry se lects the clo ck and sync hroniz ation
signals through the pixel c lock ( PCL K), hor izontal sync hroniz ation
(HSYNC), and vertic al s ynchr oniz ation (V SYN C) multiplexe r. The
onboard genlock and synchro nization circu itry can gene rate clock a nd
synchronization signals or the sign als can be r ece ived f rom the I/O
connector.
RTSI Bus
The seven trigger lines on the RTSI bus provide a flexible
interconnection scheme between multiple PCI-1408 boards as well as
between any National Instrum ents DAQ devic es and the PCI- 1408.
Trigger Control and Mapping Circuitry
The trigger control a nd mapp ing c irc uitry route s, mon itors, and dr ives
the external and RTSI bus trigg er lines. You can configur e each of these
lines to start or stop acquisition on a rising or falling edge. In addition,
you can drive each line asserted or unasserted, similar to a digital I/O
line. You can also map onbo ar d status va lues ( HSYN C, V SY NC,
ACQUISITION_IN_PROGRESS, and ACQUISITION_DONE) to the
lines.
Acquisition and Region-of-Interest Control
The acquisition and region-of-interest control circuitry monitors the
incoming video signal and routes the active pixe ls to th e FIFO buffers.
The PCI-1408 can digitize an entire fr ame and pe rform pixel and line
scaling and region-of-interest acquisition. Pixe l and line scaling lets
certain multiples (2, 4, or 8 ) of pixe ls and lines to b e transf erre d to the
PCI bus. In region-of-interest acquisition, you select an are a in the
acquisition window to transfer to the PCI bus.
FIFO Buffer
The PCI-1408 uses a 4 KB FIFO bu ff er fo r tem por ar y s tora ge o f th e
image being transferred to the PCI system memor y or display m emory.
The buffer stores s ix f ull video lines during ima ge ac quisition.
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS 3-4
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National Instruments Corporation
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Scatter-Gather DMA Controllers
The PCI-IMAQ-140 8 use s thr ee in depe ndent o nbo ar d dire ct memo ry
access (DMA) controllers. The DMA controllers transfer data between
the onboard fir st-i n first- out (F IFO ) me mo ry buffe rs a nd the PCI bu s.
Each of these controllers supports scatter-gather DMA, which allows
the DMA controlle r to r econ figu re on -the -fly. Th us, the PCI -1408 c an
perform continuous image transfers to either contiguous or fragmented
memory buffers.
SRAM
The PCI-1408 uses 64 KB of static RAM (SRAM) for programming the
scatter-gather DMA controllers.
PCI Interface
The PCI-1408 implements the PCI interface with a National
Instruments custom application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), the
MITE. The P CI int erfa c e ca n tra nsf er da ta a t a m axim um r ate of 1 32
Mbytes/s in ma s ter m ode , w hi ch m ax imi ze s th e av ail abl e PCI
bandwidth. PCI-1408 can generate 8-, 16-, and 32-bit memory read and
write cycles, both single and multiple. In slave mode, the PCI-1408 is a
medium speed deco der th at acce pts both mem ory and conf igura tion
cycles. The interface logic ensures that the PCI-1408 me ets the loading,
driving, and timing requirements of the PCI specifica tion.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Board Configuration NVRAM
The PCI-1408 contains onboa rd nonvolatile RA M (NVRA M) that
configures all registers on powe r- up.
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National Instruments Corporation 3-5 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Video Acquisition
The PCI-1408 can acquire video signa ls in a variety of modes and
transfer the digitized fields or frames to PCI system memory.
Start/Stop Conditions
The PCI-1408 can start and stop a cquisition on a var iety of co nditions:
• Software control—The PCI- 140 8 supp orts softwa re c ontrol o f
• Trigger control—You can also star t and stop acqu isition by
• Delayed acquisition—You can use either software or triggers to
• Frame/field selection—With an interlaced camera and the
acquisition start and stop . In ad dition, yo u ca n co nfigure the
PCI-1408 to capture a fixed num ber o f frame s. T his c onfigur ation
is useful for capturing single f rame s o r a seq ue nce of fr am es.
enabling external or RTSI bus trigger lines. Each of these 11 inputs
can start or stop vid eo a cquisitio n on a rising or f alling edge . You
can use all four external triggers and up to two RTSI bus triggers
simultaneously.
start and stop acquisitions instantaneously or after capturing a
desired number of frames or fields . Th is featur e is usefu l for po stor pre-trigger applications.
PCI-1408 in frame mode, you can program the PCI-1408 to start or
stop acquisition on any od d f ield or a ny ev en f ield.
Acquisition Window Control
You can configure numerous parameters on the PCI-1408 to control the
video acquisition window. A brief de scription of eac h parame ter
follows:
• Horizontal sync—HSYNC is the sy nchron ization pulse signal
produced at th e beginni ng of each vi deo scan li ne that keep s a video
monitor’s horizontal scan rate in sequence with the transmission of
each new line.
• Vertical sync—VSYNC is the syn chroniza tion pulse genera ted at
the beginning of each video field that signals the video monito r
when to star t a n ew fiel d .
• Pixel clock—PCLK times the sampling of pixels on a video line.
• Composite sync—CSYNC is the signal consisting of combined
horizontal sync pulses and ve rtical sync p ulses .
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS 3-6
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National Instruments Corporation
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
• Active pixel region—The active pixel region is the region of pixels
actively being stored. The active pixel region is defined by a pixel
start (relative to HSYNC) and a pixel count.
• Horizontal count—The horizon tal c ount is the total num ber of
pixels between two HSYNC signals. The horizontal count
determines the frequ ency of the pixe l c lock.
• Active line region—The active line region is the region of lines
actively being stored. The active line region is defined by a line
start (relat ive to VS YNC ) and a li ne coun t.
• Line count—The line count is the total number of horizontal lines
in the picture.
• Video line—A video lin e consists of an HSYNC, back porch , active
pixel region, and a front porch, as shown in Figure 3-2.
Back Porch
Horizontal Sync
Pixel Region
Figure 3-2. Video Line
Front Porch
• Picture as pect r a tio— T he p i ct ure a spe ct ra ti o is th e ra tio of th e
active pixel region to the active line region. For standard video
signals like RS-170 or CCIR, the full-size picture aspect ratio
normally is 4:3 (1.33).
• Pixel aspect ratio—The pixel aspect ratio is the ratio between the
physical horizontal size and the vertical size of the region covered
by the pixel. An acquired pixel should optimally be square, thus the
optimal value is 1.0, bu t typica lly it f alls betwe en 0. 95 a nd 1.05,
depending on camera q uality.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
• Field—For an interlaced video signal, a field is half the number of
horizontal lines needed to represe nt a frame, as shown in
Figure 3-3. The first field of a frame contains all the odd-numbered
lines. The second fiel d contain s a ll of the eve n- numbe red line s.
Vertical Sync
• Frame—A frame is a complete image. In interlaced formats, a
frame is composed of two fields.
Programming Video Parameters
You can program all of these video para meters on th e PCI-1408:
• Programmable pixel and line c ount—W hen gen erating a n in ternal
PCLK, the PCI-1408 uses a programmable clock generator with an
advanced VCO circuit. This circ uit ry generates a PCLK fr e q ue nc y
from 11 to 16.5 MHz, depending on the horizon tal count. Th e
standard sampling rate for RS-170/NTSC vide o signals is
12.3 MHz, and the standa rd sampli ng rate fo r CCIR/PAL is
14.75 MHz. To correct for external pixel as pect ratio errors of up
to ±9%, the VCO c overs the rang e from a pproxima te ly 1 1.0 to
16.5 MHz.
The PCI-1408 also includes a programmable line count, which you
use to switch between RS-170/NTSC (525 lines) and CCIR/PAL
(625 lines). In addition, the PCI-1408 supports any line count up to
1,024 lines for nonstandard video inputs.
Horizontal
Sync
Line Region
Figure 3-3. Video Field
Video
Line
Note: You can have up to 2,048 lines in interlaced mode by combining fields.
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS 3-8
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National Instruments Corporation
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
• Acquisition window—After se tting the pixe l and line coun t, y ou
must program the ac tiv e pixe l r egion an d a ctive lin e re gion. The
active pixel region selects the sta rting pixe l and nu mber of pixels
to be acquired relative to the HSYNC signal. The active line r egion
selects the starting line and number of lines to be ac quired relative
to the VSYNC signal.
• Region of interest—The PCI-1408 uses a se cond level of ac tive
pixel and active line regions for selecting a region of interest. When
you disable the region-of- inter es t c ircu itry, the b oa rd store s the
entire acquisition window in system memory. However, when you
enable the region-of-interest circuitry, the board transfers only a
selected subset of the digitized frame to system memory.
• Scaling down—The scaling-down circuitry also controls the active
acquisition region. Th e PCI-14 08 ca n sca le do wn a f ra me b y
reducing pixel, lines, or both. Fo r active pixel se lection, the
PCI-1408 can select ev ery p ixe l, e very o ther pix el, e very fo urth
pixel, or every eighth pixel. For active line selection, the PCI-1408
can select every line, every odd line, or multiples of odd lines, for
example, every ot her odd line or ev ery fourth o dd line. You can use
the scaling-down circuitry in conjunction with the region-ofinterest circuitry.
• Interlaced video—The PCI-1 408 suppor ts bo th inte rlaced and
noninterlaced video signals. I n interla ced mo de, the PCI- 14 08
combines the odd and eve n fie ld into one co ntiguou s fra me f or
analysis. In noninterlaced mode, each field is treated as an
independent frame.
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National Instruments Corporation 3-9 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Acquisition Modes
The PCI-1408 supports three vide o acquis ition modes:
• Standard mode—In standar d mode, the PCI- 1408 receiv es an
incoming composite video signal from the external BNC or DSUB
connector and generates CSYNC, HSYNC, VSYNC, and PCLK
signals. The genera ted CSY NC s ig nal is output on the DSU B
connector for use by other image acquisition board s or to
synchronize multiple cameras.
• CSYNC external mode— In CSYNC ex ter nal mo de, the PCI- 1408
receives an incoming video signal (composite or luminance) and an
external CSYNC f rom a n ex ter nal conn ec tor. T he PC I-1 408 ta kes
the incoming video sig nal an d CSYNC and ge nera tes H SYN C,
VSYNC, and PCLK signals.
• External lock mode—Y ou c an use this mode to syn chron ize to a
camera or any nonstandard vide o signal. In this mode , the
PCI-1408 receives HSYNC, VSYNC, and PCLK signals for A/D
sampling directly from the ex tern al co nne cto r.
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS 3-10
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National Instruments Corporation
Page 34
Chapter
Signal Connections
This chapter describes cable conn ections for th e PCI-1408.
BNC Connector
The BNC external co nnecto r s upplies a n immedia te conne ct ion to the
PCI-1408 VIDEO0 input. Use the 2 m BNC cab le s hipped with the
PCI-1408 to connect a ca mera to V IDE O0 . This c onnec tio n ca nnot be
used with VIDEO0 on the 25-pin DSUB I/O connector. You can
configure the BNC connector only for RSE mode.
Note:
Jumper W1 must be installed when using BNC input.
4
GND
VIDEO0+
Figure 4-1.
BNC Connector Pin Assignment
I/O Connector
The 25-pin DSUB connector c onnects to all video signals (VI DEO0,
VIDEO1, VIDEO2, and VIDEO3), the external digital I/O lines and
triggers, and external signals. To access these connections, you can
build your own custom cable or use on e of the optional cab les from
National Instruments. Figure 4-2 shows the pinout of the 25-pin DSUB
connector.
Note:
©
National Instruments Corporation 4-1 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
Do not use the VIDEO0 connection on the 25-pin DSUB connector with the
BNC connection.
Page 35
Chapter 4 Signal Connections
13
+5 V
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
VIDEO0+
VIDEO1+
VIDEO2+
VIDEO3+
CSYNCIN+
VSYNCIN+
HSYNCIN+
PCLKIN+
GND
GND
CSYNCOUT
Figure 4-2. I/O Connector Pin Assignments
I/O Connector Signal Connection Descriptions
Table 4-1 describes e ach signal con ne ction on the 2 5-p in DSU B
connector.
VIDEO0-/GND
VIDEO1-
VIDEO2VIDEO3-
GND
CSYNCIN-/Unused
VSYNCIN-/Unused
HSYNCIN-/Unused
PCLKIN-/Unused
TRIG(3)
TRIG(2)
TRIG(1)
TRIG(0)
Table 4-1. I/O Connector Signals
Signal Name Description
VIDEO0± VIDEO0± allows for a DIFF or RSE conne ct io n to vi deo channel 0. To operate in RSE
VIDEO<3..1>± VIDEO<3..1>± allows for a DIFF or RSE connection to video channels 1, 2, and 3.
PCLKIN± Use PCLKIN± when the PCI-1 408 is in external lock mode . In thi s mod e, PCL K IN
HSYNCIN± Use HSYNCIN± when the PCI-1408 is in external lock mode. HSYNC is a
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS 4-2
mode, connect VIDEO0- to GND. When you use VIDEO0+ or VIDEO0-, you must
disconnect the B N C connector.
To operate in RSE mode, connect VIDEO- to GND.
represents the A/D sampling clock. You can select PCLKIN to be TTL or RS-422 mode,
depending on the ju m per W3 configuration. In RS-422 mode, both PCLKIN+ and
PCLKIN- receive th e PCL K signal. The PCLKIN polarity is programmable.
synchronization pulse produced at the beg in n ing of each video scan line th at keeps a
video monitor's horizontal scan rat e i n step with the transmission of each new line. You
can set HSYNCIN in TTL or RS-42 2 m ode dep ending on jumper W3 config ura tion. In
RS-422 mode, both HSYNCIN+ and HSYNCIN- receive the HSYNC signal. The
HSYNCIN polarity is programmable.
©
National Instruments Corporation
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Table 4-1. I/O Connector Signals (Continued)
Signal Name Description
Chapter 4 Signal Connections
VSYNCIN± Use VSYNCIN± when the PCI-1408 is in external lock mode. VSYNC is a
CSYNCIN± Use CSYNCIN± when the PCI-1408 is in CSYNC external mode. CSYNC is a signal
CSYNCOUT CSYNCOUT is a TTL output of the internal CSYNC signal. In CSYNC external mode,
TRIG<3..0> T riggers <3..0> are TTL I/O li ne s us ed to start or stop an acquisitio n or output an
GND GND is a direct connection to digital GND on the PC I-14 08.
synchronization pulse generated at the beginning of each video frame that tells the video
monitor when to start a new field. You can set VSYNCIN in TTL or RS-422 mod e
depending on jumper W3 configuration. In RS-422 mode, both VSYNCIN+ and
VSYNCIN- receive the VSYNC signal. The VSYNCIN polarity is prog ramm a bl e.
consisting of horizontal sync pulses, vertical sync pulses, and equalizing pulses only. You
can set CSYNCIN in TTL or RS-422 mode, dep en din g on j um pe r W3 con fig ura tion. In
RS-422 mode, both CSYNCIN+ and CSYNCIN- receive the CSYNC signal. The
CSYNCIN polarity is programmable.
CSYNCOUT maps directly to CSYNCIN. In standard mode, the synchronization
circuitry of the PCI-1408 generates CSYNCOUT.
acquisition status. You can program the triggers to be rising- or falling-edge sensitive.
You can also program the triggers to be programmatically asserted or unasserted similar
in function to a digit al I/O line. You can program TRIG <3..0> to reflect the following
status bits:
Status Bit Description
AQ_IN_PROGRESS Signals an acquisition in progress
AQ_DONE Signals an acquisiti o n is comp leted
HSYNC The appropriate HSYNC signal
PCLK The A/D sampling signal
+5V +5V is a fused connection to +5 V on the PCI-1408 that allows a user to power external
©
National Instruments Corporation 4-3 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
triggering circuitry with up to 100 mA.
Page 37
Chapter
Configuration Utility
This chapter describes the basic functions of IMAQconf, the
configuration and diagnostic utility included with the PCI-1408.
Introduction
IMAQconf performs the following functions:
• Configures the video parameters, which are automatically loaded
when th e saved int er face is lo ad ed in N I -IM A Q .
• Displays a histograph, which acts as an aid to configuring your
device.
• Displ ays va rious lo ok-up t ables that le t you impl ement small i mage
proces s i ng function s i n the h a r dw are.
• Perf orms sna p and c ontinuo us vide o acqui siti on for diag nostics and
verific ation.
• Creates ne w camera fil es f o r non -st an da rd c ameras.
• Saves acquired images to a
5
pict format.
Using IMAQconf
To configure your IMAQ device, make sure the device is properly
installed (se e Chapt er 2 , Configuration and Installation) and then run
IMAQconf configur at ion utility. IMAQconf is lo cat ed in t he
the
NI-IMAQ folder.
The following sections describe each menu bar selection and each panel
in the ut il ity .
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Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
Menu Bar
The menu bar lets you change how IMAQconf displays the image while
you are configuring your IMAQ device.
File Menu
The File menu, shown in Figure 5-1, lets you snap, grab, and save an
image or abort the acquisition.
Figure 5-1.
File menu selections are:
• Snap—Acquires a single frame to host mem o r y and display.
• Grab—Ac quires continuous frames to host memory and display.
• Abort—Aborts an acquisition in progress.
• Save Image—Save s th e cu r rent imag e to d isk in
• Quit—Exits
IMAQconf.
File Menu
pict file format.
Edit Menu
The Edit menu, shown in Figure 5-2, provides a tracing feat ure that is a
IMAQconf. Trace fu nc ti on s ett in gs ar e not p er mane ntl y st or ed as
part of
an attribute of the interface.
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Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
.
Figure 5-2. Edit Menu
menu settings are:
Edit
•
Trace On
—Enables applica tion programming int erface (API) internal
tracing, which allows you to track any call made to the NI-IMAQ
Shared Library. While tracing is enabled, all functions and function
parameters are recorded to an interna l buffer. This tracing mode can
also be enabl ed usi ng the t racing at tribute s in t he C la ngua ge inte rface
to the NI-IMAQ API.
•
Trace Off/Dump
—Disables API intern al tracing. When trac ing is
disabled, the contents of the tracing buffer are written to a file called
IMAQ_FuncTrace.txt
which
IMAQconf
. This file is created in th e same director y in
resides.
Scaling Menu
The
Scaling
and remains co nfigu red after exitin g
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setting, shown in Figure 5-3, is an attribute of a n inter f ac e
IMAQco nf
Figure 5-3. Scaling Menu
.
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Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
Scaling choices are:
• None—Displays the acquisition window in its normal size.
• 1/2—Scales the acqui sition window in hardware to ha lf of its normal
size.
• 1/4—Scales the acquisi tion window in hardware to a quart er of its
normal size.
• 1/8—Scales the acqui si tion window in hardware to an eighth of its
normal size.
AutoSnap Menu
AutoSnap, sh ow n in Figu re 5- 4, is a f eature of IMAQconf that snaps a
new frame whenever
permanen t ly s to r ed as a tt ri bu te s o f th e interface.
IMAQConf settings change. Its settings are not
The AutoSnap menu choices are:
• On—Snaps a new frame when a setting is chan ged that affects the
image.
• Off—Does not snap a new fra me when a s etting is changed that affects
the im ag e.
Display Menu
Display, shown in Figure 5 - 5, is a f eature of IMAQconf that lets you
displa y a frame in a s ep a ra te w in d ow . Its set tings are not perman en tly
stored a s an at tr ib u te of t he in te rf ac e.
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS 5-4
Figure 5-4.
Figure 5-5.
Autosnap Menu
Display Menu
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Note: Y ou ca n cl ick-a n d-dr ag the vie wpo rt wi ndow to quic kl y chan g e the dis p la y
Interface Panel
Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
The Display menu choices are:
• Full Sc reen—Di splays frames in a separate window. This win dow can
be resized, minimized, or maximized to the full ac quisition windo w
size.
to full scr e en .
• ViewP o rt Window—Displays frames in a viewport window
embedded in the main
IMAQconf window.
The Interface panel in the IMAQconf configuration utility, shown in
Figure 5-6, is where basic information about your IMAQ device is
stored.
Snap Function Button
Grab Function Button
Diagnostic Function Button
Histograph Function Button
Figure 5-6.
Interface Panel Settings
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Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
Camera Type Panel
You can u se t h e I nt erf a ce pa nel to as so ciate eac h in ter f ace n am e to a
particul a r IMAQ dev ic e. Ch oosi ng th e Serial pop -up box allo ws you to
change w h ic h device is associat ed w it h th e chosen i nt er fa ce. In
Figure 5- 6, th e i nt er f ace ,
img0, is ass o ci at ed w it h the I M A Q de vi ce
whose serial number is 0xb4. If multiple devices are installed in the
system, the cor re spo n di ng s e ri al nu mb er s h o ul d ap pe ar as i tems is th e
Serial pop-up box.
Other information shown pertains to the model, revision, and base
address of the IMAQ device.
The Camera Type panel, shown in Figure 5-7, allows you to select the
camera type and ch an nel used with the chosen in ter face. Use th e
Channel pop-up box in the Select Channel area to c ha ng e t h e d ef au lt
video channel desired for acquisition.
Figure 5-7.
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Camera Type Panel Settings
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Chann el 0 video da ta is rea dable fr om both th e BN C c o nn e c tor and th e
25-pin DSUB connector. Channels 1 through 3 are available only via
the 25-pin DSUB connector.
When you s el ect a channe l, t h e camera ass ig n ed to t ha t c ha nn el w il l
appear in t he Select Channel stat u s ar ea. Th e Se lect Camera status
area will al s o be u pd ated to r ef le ct the c urr en tly assigne d camera. Us e
the Selec t Camera pop-up box to change the camera assigned to that
channel. Yo u ca n delete o r d up li cat e a camera fil e b y s el ect in g th e
corresponding button in the Select Camera area. Us e t he S a ve as
button to duplicate a camera file if you wish to make non-standard
modificat io ns to an existi ng c am er a fi le. Use th e Rename button to
change the description of the selected camera. Use the Delete button to
delete the s el ect ed camera file.
Note: Y ou can test your new selections at any time by clicking the Snap or Grab
video buttons, as shown in Figure 5-6.
To perman en tly write modifi ed camera se tti n gs t o th e associat ed
camera fil e, cli ck o n t h e Save Settings button.
Basic Settings Panel
The Basic Setti ngs panel, shown in Figure 5-8, allows you to configure
basic properties of the currently selected camera.
Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
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Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
Figure 5-8. Basic Settings Panel
Basic settings include:
• Mode—Select s f ra me o r f iel d m o de . U se fr ame mode w i th
interlac ed ca m er as and fi eld mo d e w i th n on - in ter la ced camera s.
You can u se f i eld m o d e w i th an i nt er lac ed camera i f yo u w an t to
acquire sequential odd and even video fields. In frame mode, the
IMAQ device waits for a programmable odd or even field before
starting a vi de o acquisitio n . I t t he n co m b in es t w o f i eld s v er ti cal ly
in an in terlaced fa shi on t o cr eat e a s in g le v i de o fr am e in memory.
• Gain—The IMAQ device has three programmable gain values: 1,
1.33, and 2, whic h co rres pond t o a fi ne ad ju stme nt o f the blac k and
white refe rence levels of 20 , 15, and 10 mV steps. You can use the
histograph to monitor and choose the appropriate gain level.
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Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
• Chroma Fi lt er—The IM A Q d ev ice includ es optional
antichrominance (color) filters to use with NTSC and PAL video
signals. Th e a va ilable op tio n s for t he s e fil ters are:
– None—All filters are disabled.
– NTSC—The antichrominance filter is enabled for
NTSC-c oded s i gn al s. Th e filter in g is i m pl emented b y a
3.58 MH z no tch fi lte r.
– PAL—The antichrominance filter is enabled for PAL-coded
signa ls. The f i l tering is im pl e me n t e d by a 4.43 M H z no tch
filt er.
• Interlaced—Specifies whether the camera delivers an interlaced or
non-interlaced signal. You can use non-interlaced cameras only in
field mod e.
• Black Reference—The IMAQ d ev ice in cl ud es a progr am ma bl e
black re ference l evel t o optimi ze the in put sig nal rang e. With a gain
of 1, the black reference level is programmable in the range fr om 0
to 1.28 V in 64 steps of 20 mV each. You can use the histogra ph to
monitor and choose the appropriate black reference level.
• White Refere nce—The IM A Q d ev ice in cludes a p r og r amm a bl e
white reference level to optimize the input signal range. With a gain
of 1, the white reference level is programmabl e in the range from 0
to 1.28 V in 64 steps of 20 mV each. You can use the histogra ph to
monitor an d ch oo se the app rop ri at e w h it e r ef er en ce level.
• Auto Exposure—Press th is b utton to instruct
IMAQconf to
perfor m a single acquisit ion an d calcul ate the optimu m gain, whit e,
and black r ef er en ce leve ls automa ti cal ly .
Camera Acquisition Panel
The Camera Acquisition panel, shown in Figure 5-9, allows you to
confi gure t he acqui si tion wi nd ow of fse ts a nd si ze to dete rmi ne the s tart
of the video frame, number of active horizontal pixels, and vertical
lines. Use the scroll bars provided to adjust the acquisition window if
needed.
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Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
Figure 5-9. Camera Acquisition Panel Settings
By pressing the Reset button, you can r est or e th e p r ev io us acquisit io n
window settings before saving changes. To restore the default
acquisition window settings for your camera type, press the Default
button. Press the Save Settings button to commit your changes to the
active ca me ra f i le w h en y ou are fin is h ed .
Advanced Panel (1)
The advanced panels let you fine-tune the configuration for your
specif ic camer a. Advanced Panel (1), shown in Figure 5-10, contains
settings for sync detection and aspect ratio correction.
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Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
Figure 5-10. Advanced Panel (1)
The Advanced Panel (1) sett ings ar e as follo ws:
• Sync Detect—This register defines the comparator voltage used to
detect a ho rizont al sync hroniz ation pu lse. The refere nce leve l is the
voltage of the sync tips. For a typical video signal, the sync tips is
approximately 300 mV below the blanking level and the highest
detec ti on value of 12 5 mV is rec om mended. Low e r values m ay be
used if the incoming video signal is weak or noisy.
• Aspect Ratio Correction—This fu n cti on adjus t s th e pixel a s pe ct
ratio of the a c q uire d p ict ur e a nd also co m p en sates for pixel aspect
ratio erro r s of th e c a m e r a. Giv en a sta n dard vi deo fo r m at with a
default configuration, you can correct errors up to ±8% in steps of
1/HCOUNT or typically 0.15%. No te that using this function will
affect mo s t o f th e Advanced camera settings paramete rs. The
function automatically will reposition and resize the picture by
adjusting the region of interest offset and width parameters so that
the vis ual region of interest stays unchanged. Af ter you change the
Aspect Ratio Correction and click the OK button, a warning
message will appear that tells you the Acquisition Window width
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Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
Advanced Panel (2)
and X-offset under the Basic Camera dialog box have change d. If
necessary, you can manually readjust the ROI parameter.
• Default—This b ut to n bri ngs ba ck the de faul t se ttin gs for th e as pect
ratio and all associated advanced controls in the advanced panels.
Advanced Panel (2), shown in Figure 5-11, contains settings for
HSYNC, CLAMP, and ADC calibration.
Figure 5-11.
The Advanced Panel (2) settings are as follows:
• HSYNC Start and HSYNC Stop—These settings define the
positioning and duration of the internally generated horizontal
(line ) s yn c h r on izatio n pulse. To gener ate a negati ve edge a t
positi on zero, s et th e HSYNC Stop value to 0. The width of the
pulse in samples is defined by the difference in pixels between
HSYNC Start and HSYNC Stop and is typic all y 4. 7 µs for
standard video.
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Advanced Panel (2)
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Advanced Panel (3)
Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
• CLAMP Start and CLAMP Stop—The clamp signal restores the
DC level t o t he AC-c ou pled vid eo s igna l. Th e cl ampi ng puls e must
be positive (CLAMP Stop > CLAMP Start). It must also be
applied on each line somewhere during the blanking period of the
video signal. Typically, the clamping pulse occurs between the end
of the color burst and the beginning of the active video line for a
color camera or an yt im e o n th e b a c k p o rc h pe riod o f th e vi de o
signal for a monochrome camera. The duration of the pulse
(CLAMP Stop – CL AMP Start) shou ld be as lo ng as pos sib le a nd
greater tha n five s amples .
• ZERO Start and ZERO Stop—The zero signal calibrates the ADC
on each video line. The pulse conditions—positioning and
duration—are the same as for the clamping pulse.
• Default—This bu tt on b r ings ba ck the defaul t settin gs f o r the
controls on this panel.
• Save—This button saves your sett ings to your selected camera file.
Advanced Panel (3), shown in Figure 5-12, contains settings for the
noise gate, field gate, HCOUNT, and VSYNC.
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Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
Figure 5-12. Advanced Panel (3)
Advanced Panel (3) settings are as follows:
• NOISE GATE Start an d Stop— The noise gate setti ngs defi ne the
period of a vi deo line after lo ck to a vid eo source where the genlock
circuit ry will not detec t an HSYNC pul se. This nond etectio n period
avoids false HSYNC detection due to noise in the video signal or
equaliz ation pulses during the vertical sync hronization period. For
a typical video signal, the noise gate signal starts after HSYNC
Stop and stops approximately 3% before the end of the video line
defined by HCOUNT.
• FIELD Start and Stop—The field gate signal defines the portion
of the video line during vertical synchronization where the field
conditio ns are d etect ed. Th e durati on of t he fiel d gate pu lse mus t be
approximately 50% of the duration of the line defined by
HCOUNT and the p osi ti on ing sh oul d be a pp rox ima tely 2 5% of the
line. By swapping the values of FIELD Start and FIELD Stop,
you can reverse the order of the acquired fields (even/odd or
odd/even).
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• HCOUNT—This setting defines the total number of pixels that can
• VSYNC—The VSYNC register defines the duration of the
Operating Mode Panel
The Operating Mode panel, sh own in Fi gure 5-1 3, cont ain s setting s for
video s ynch ron iz atio n sig nal s.
Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
be acqu ired for t he enti re vide o line , inc lu din g sy nchro ni zat io n a nd
blanking signals. For example, the total duration of a video line is
64 µs for a CCIR signal, but the duration of the active video line
containing i mag e informati on i s o nly 52 µ s. To acqu ir e a pi ct ure
with 768 pixels, enter the value of 768 x (64/52), rounded to 945,
into HCOUNT. Changing the value of HCOUNT affects the pixel
aspect ra tio of the pi cture. (See the Aspect Ratio Correction section
in the Advanced Panel (1) sectio n ear li er in this chapter .)
internally generated vertical synchronization pulse. For standard
video, the value o f HCOU NT/8 is recommended.
Figure 5-13.
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Operating Mode Panel Settings
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Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
Note: The signal polarity and Signal Source options are disabled in this mode.
Operating Mode panel settings include:
• Slave Mode—The PCI-1408 supports the following slave
acquisition modes:
– Standard—In stand ard m o de , t he P C I-1 40 8 recei v es an
incoming video signal and generates a CSYNC signal. The
internal CSYNC signal generates the PCLK, HSYNC, and
VSYNC signals. The PCI-1408 acquisition control circuitry
uses these signals to store the acquired data in PCI memory.
You can control each of these signals in software. The device
parame te rs adju st the pixels pe r line (t o ge nera te PCLK ), th e
horizon tal sta rt (to generate HSYNC), and the vertic al start and
lines (to generate VSYNC).
– CSYNC External Mode—In CSYN C exter nal mo de, the
PCI-1408 receives an incoming CSYNC to generate the PCLK,
HSYNC, and VSYNC signals. The PCI-1408 acquisition
control c ircui t ry u ses t he se si gn als to s tore th e ac quire d da ta i n
PCI memory. Yo u can con tr ol each of th ese signals i n
software. The device parameters adjust pixels per line (to
generate PCLK), horizontal start (to generate HSYNC), and
vertical start and lines (to generate VSYNC).
When yo u select CSYN C ex ter n al m o d e, th e C S Y N C p ol ar ity
field also becomes valid. You can configure CSYNC to be
active high or active low (rising or falling edge sensitive).
Note: The signal polarity and Signal Source options are active in this mode.
– External Lock Mode—In external lock mode, the PCI-1408
receives PCLK, HSYNC, and VSYNC from the external
connect or . When yo u select exter n al lock mo d e, the HSY N C
polarity, VSYNC polarity, and PCLK polarity fields also
become valid. You c an configure each si gnal to be active high
or active low (rising or f alling edge sensitiv e) .
Note: The signal polarity options are active and the Signal Source option is
disabled in this mode.
• CSYNC, HSYNC, VSYNC, and PCLK signal polarity—You can
control the signal polarity for the CSYNC, HSYNC, VSYNC, and
PCLK s i gnals . The defaul t f or each signal i s T r u e Low.
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• Signal Source—You can s p eci fy t he in pu t sou r ce f o r th e C S YN C
signal as ei th er ch an n el 0, chan ne l 1 , channel 2 , c hannel 3 , o r
external .
• Frame—Fo r ex ter n al ly sy nc hr o ni zed , l ine s c an , o r ar ea s can
cameras, t h is p o p-u p menu all ow s you to ex te nd t he f ra me
acquisition timeout period. This setting is used during acquisition
only i f External Lock Mode is th e current s e lection.
• Color Mode—The color mode pop-up menu allows you to select a
color acqu isi tion of t he red, gr een, and bl ue pl an es if usi ng an RGB
camera. RGB Color Camera mode uses channels 1, 2, and 3 to
acquire the re d, gr een, a nd bl ue col or pl anes. Yo u must be in o ne of
the exter nal modes to perform an R G B color camera acqu i s iti on .
The video is synchronized on the channel configured in the basic
confi guration panel. Grab is disabl ed while in RGB Color Camera
mode.
• Save Settings—Click on this button to sa ve the current settings to
your camera fil e.
Hardware Lookup Table Panel
You can config u re the in put lookup tab le (LUT ) t o i m p lement si mple
imaging operations such as contrast enhancement, data inversion,
gamma mani pu lation , or ot her non linear transfer func ti on. Fig u re 5-14
shows the Hardware Lookup Table panel settings .
Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
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Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
Figure 5-14. Hardware Lookup Table Panel
You can control the LUT through the NI-IMAQ software or you can
select a predefined LUT in the
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IMAQconf configur at io n util ity .
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Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
The pred efin ed Lookup Table selections are as follows:
• Normal—When you select this optio n, the LUT is effecti v ely
disabled, as shown in Figure 5-15.
Normal LUT
300
(255)
250
200
Stored Value
150
100
50
0
0 25 5 0 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 255
Sampled Data
Figure 5-15. Normal LUT
• Inverse—When you select this option, the LUT inverts the
gray levels, as shown in Figure 5-16.
Inverse LUT
300
(255)
250
200
Stored Value
150
100
50
0
0 25 5 0 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 255
Sampled Data
Figure 5-16. Inverse LUT
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Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
• Log—When you sel ect th is op tion, the LUT co n verts the
sampled data to a logarithmic form that produces greater
contrast in the black region, as s h own i n Fi gure 5 - 17.
Log LUT
300
(255)
250
200
Stored Value
150
100
50
0
0 25 5 0 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 255
Sampled Data
Figure 5-17. Log LUT
• Exponential—When you s elect this option, the LUT converts
the samp led data to a loga rith mic form th at pro duce s gre ater
contrast in the white region , as sh own i n F i g ur e 5- 18.
300
250
200
Stored Value
150
100
50
0
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Exponential LUT
(255)
0 25 5 0 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 255
Sampled Data
Figure 5-18. Exponential LUT
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Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
• Binary—When you select this option, the LUT converts the
sampled data to a binary image of black or white, as shown in
Figure 5-19. The threshold point is determined by the number
you set with the Binary Thresho ld scrollbar.
Binary LUT (#=128)
300
(255)
250
200
Stored Value
150
100
50
0
0 25 5 0 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 255
Sampled Data
Figure 5-19. Binary LUT
• Inverse Bi nary— When you select this option, the LUT
converts the sampled data to a binary image of black or white
with the li gh t er ar eas becomin g b lack and t he d ar ke r ar eas
white, as shown in Figure 5-20. The threshold point is
determined by the number you set with the Binary Threshold
scrollbar.
Note: The Binary Threshold scrollb ar specifies the threshold point for the
binary and inverse binary LUTs. This option is d isabled for the othe r LUTs.
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Stored Value
Video Sequence Recording Panel
You can u se t h e Video Sequence Recording panel, shown in
Figure 5-21, to record a video sequence and save it to disk as a
QuickTi m e m o vi e. T hi s f eat ur e re qu ir e s Q uickTime 2 .0 o r lat er .
Binary LUT (#=128)
300
(255)
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 25 5 0 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 255
Sampled Data
Figure 5-20. Inverse Binary LUT
Use the Display/Rec pop-up box to turn off the video display when
recording to improve real-time playback synchronization at high frame
rates.
Use the Reco rd ing ( s ec s ) scrollbar to select the maximum recording
time of your vi deo seq uence.
large enough to hold the entire video sequence. If you record a large
time slice of video at a high frame rate or a high frame rate with a la rge
acquis iti o n size, you w ill need to allo cat e s u fficient me mory. You w il l
get an error if
IMAQconf does no t have e n ou gh mem o ry to hold th e
requ este d vi deo s eque nce .
You can increase the amount of memory given to
increasing the Preferred size attribute in the
information window. While in
IMAQConf, highli gh t IMAQConf by clicking once on its icon. Choose
Get Info from the File menu. Now you can change the of memory you
want to al locate for
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IMAQConf.
IMAQco nf will attempt to allocate a buffer
IMAQconf by
IMAQconf applicati on
Finder and while not running
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Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
Figure 5-21. Video Sequence Recording Panel
You can specify the playback frame rate by choosing the Rate/Quality
pop-up box. The QuickTime standard compression settings dialog
allows you to choose the frames per second, quality, and video
compressor to use when recording your video sequence. Set the frames
per second val ue to th e numb er of fr ame s per second at which you want
IMAQconf to ca pt ure th e s e qu en ce. To syn chronize th e pl ay ba ck ra te
with the recording rate,
video s e q uence, if ne ce s sary.
IMAQconf will skip frames when acquiring a
IMAQconf stores th ese frames in a lar g e
buffer, which is allocated for your video sequence when you press
Record.
To start recording, press Record. W hen the r ecordin g is finis h ed , you
can press Play to review th e vide o s e q uence i n memo r y. The captu re d
video s equenc e w i ll rema i n i n mem or y until you pr ess Clear. To save
the video sequence to disk as a QuickTime movie, press the Save Movie
button.
IMAQConf displays the video sequence as it is saved to disk.
Click Stop to abort a recording before it completes.
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Saving Your Configuration
When you complete the configuration, choose the File»Save option to
save the resulting configuration so that the NI-IMAQ software can
reference it.
Testing Your Configuration
After setup, use IMAQconf to test yo ur c onf ig urat io n u sin g it s Grab and
Snap functions, located either in the utility toolbar or under the Acquire
menu (see Figure 5-6). Yo u can use the resulting image and hist ograph
to modify your configuration.
The functions for testing your configuration are as follows:
• Grab—Click on the Grab button to make the PCI-1408 capture
images in continuous mode at the maximum rate. If your display
cannot keep up wit h the maximum rate acquisition,
continue to acqui re ima ges at th e maximu m rate b ut will di spla y the
images onscreen at the fastest allowable rate your system supports.
The acqu isiti on a nd dis play r ate s are s hown in th e ti tle ba r. Pre ssin g
the Grab button for the second time halts the grab function and
displa ys the last acq u ir ed image on the sc re en .
• Snap—Cli ck in g on the Snap button will result in the PCI-1408
capturin g and di splay ing a sing le vi deo frame o r field de pend ing on
the mode of the device.
• Histograph— The PCI- 1408 di splays the hi stogra ph of the captu red
image. You can use the histograph as an aid in setting the gain and
offset values to receive the maximum input signal range.
• Diagnostics—The Diagnostics button lets you run diagnostic tests
on the device. If your device successfully completes the test, you
will see a dialog box with the sentence, “All tests were successfully
completed.” If your device fails, a dialog box will print each error
in the order it occurs.
IMAQconf will
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS 5-24
©
National Instruments Corporation
Page 61
Image Storage
Chapter 5 Configuration Utility
The PCI-1 408 can stor e the c apt ured i mag e in pi ct format if you s el ect
the Save Image opti on f r om th e F ile menu.
Storing t h e i mage serves tw o pu rpo s es . F ir st , it s av es a refer en ce
picture. Seco n d, yo u can use th e P C I -1 4 08 to acqu ir e i mag es t h at yo u
can later modify with virtually any image processing application
without using NI-IMAQ.
©
National Instruments Corporation 5-25 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
Page 62
Appendix
Specifications
This appendix lists the specifications of the PCI-1408. These
specifications are typical at 25° C, unless otherwise stated.
Formats Supported
RS-170/NTSC.......................... .... ...... . 60 Hz
CCIR/PAL..........................................50 Hz
Variable sc an .............. .. ..... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. . P rog ra mm ab le
Video Input
Quantity.................. .. .... .. ... .. .... .. .. .. .... .Four mono ch rom e
Input impedanc e . .. .... .. .. ..... .. .. .... .. .... .. .75 Ω
VIDEO0.......... .. .. .... .. .. .. ..... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. . R SE or D IFF (BN C or D SU B)
A
(Interlaced mode: 6 0 fi elds /s)
(Interlaced mode: 5 0 fi elds /s)
VIDEO<3..1> ......... .... .. .. ..... .. .. .... .. .. ...RSE or DIF F (DS UB)
Frequency respo ns e......... ... .... .. .. .... .. .. . 20 M Hz (-3 dB ) ty p
Antichromin an ce f i lte r ............. .. .. .... .. .Programm abl e (dis ab le d,
3.58 MHz notch f ilter, or
4.43 MHz notch f ilter)
Filter charac ter istic s.... ....... .... .... .... ..... A ttenua tion a t notch frequ ency
> 25 dB
Gain.................... .. .. .... .. .. ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .Programmab l e
(1, 1.33, or 2)
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Appendix A Specifications
Black reference ..................................Programmable
(0–1.28 V in 64 20 mV steps
at a gain of 1)
White reference.................................. Programmable
(0–1.28 V in 64 20 mV steps
at a gain of 1)
A/D Conversion
Gray levels......................................... 256 (8 bit)
Differential non lin eari ty.................... . ±1 LS B m ax
RMS noise ... .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. ..... .. .. .... .. . < 0.5 LS B rm s
Signal-to-noise r ati o.................... .... .. . 48 dB typ
Sampling rate..................................... 3 to 20 MHz,
externally clocked
Pixel aspect r ati o .............. .. ... .. .... .. .. .. . Prog ra mm ab l e
(VCO range 11.0 to 16.4 MH z)
External Connections
Trigger sense ......................................TTL
Trigger level ...................................... Programmable (rising or falling)
PCLKIN sense....................................Selectable (TTL or RS-422)
PCLKIN level ....................................Programmable (direct or invert)
HSYNCIN sense ...... .. .... .. ..... .. .. .... .. .. . Sel ec tabl e (TT L or RS- 422 )
HSYNCIN lev el ............. .. .. ..... .. .. .. .... . P rog ra mm ab le (rising or falling)
VSYNCIN sense ...... .. .... .. ..... .. .. .... .. .. . Sel ec tabl e (TT L or RS- 422 )
VSYNCIN lev el ............. .. .. ..... .. .. .. .... . P rog ra mm ab le (rising or falling)
CSYNCIN sens e......... .. .. .... ... .. .... .. .... . S ele c tabl e ( TT L or RS - 422)
CSYNCIN leve l ..... .. .... .. .. .. ..... .. .. .. .... . Programmable (rising or falling)
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS A-2
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National Instruments Corporation
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Appendix A Specifications
Pulse width ............. .... .. .. ... .... .. .. .. .... .. .50 ns
(TTL)... .... .... .... ...... ..... .... .... ...... ... 2 V
V
IH
(TTL) ......... .. .. .. .... .. .. ... .... .. .. .. .... .. .0.8 V
V
IL
Internal Pixel Clock
Generate freque nc y ............ .... .. .. .... .. ...11.0 to 1 6.4 MH z
Pixel ratio for
standard video sour ces ......... ...... .... ..... ±8 %
Pixel jitter ........... .... .... ....... .... .... .... .... . < 5 ns peak
PCI Interface
PCI initiator (master) capability ..........Supported
PCI target (slave) capability................Supported
Data path .... .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ..... .. .. .. .... .. .. . 32 bi ts
Card voltage .......................................5 V only
Card type .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. ..... .. .... .. .. .... .32-bit half- si ze c a rd
Parity generation/checking,
error reporti ng... .... .. .. .. .... ... .. .. .... .. .. .. ...Supported
Target decode sp eed...... ..... ...... .... .... ... Med ium (1 cl ock)
Target fast back-to-ba ck ca pability ..... S upporte d
Resource lock in g ...... .... .. ..... .. .. .... .. .. ...Supported as a ma st e r and s la ve
PCI interrupt s ... .. .... .. .... .. ..... .. .. .... .. .. ...Interrupts pa ssed o n
INTA# signal
Base address regi st er s ........ .... .. .. .... .. .. . BA R0 (1 6 K B)
BAR1 (64 KB)
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Appendix A Specifications
Expansion ROM........................ .... ..... 4 KB
PCI master performa nce
Ideal . .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ..... .. .. .. .... .. . 133 M by te s/ s
Sustained....................................100 Mbytes/s
Power Requirements
Voltage ..............................................+5 V (1.34 A)
+12 V (100 mA)
-12 V (50 mA)
Physical
Dimensions .............. .. .... .. .. ..... .. .. .... .. . 10. 66 8 b y 1 7. 463 c m
(4.2 by 6.875 in.)
Weight ...............................................0.127 kg (0.028 lb.)
Environment
Operating t emp er at ur e..................... ... 0–50° C
Storage temper at ur e ....... .. .. ..... .. .. .... .. . -20 –70 ° C
EMI....................................................FCC Class B Certified
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS A-4
©
National Instruments Corporation
Page 66
Appendix
Custom Cables
This appendix lists specifications for building custom cables for your
PCI-1408.
Cable Specification
National Instruments offers cables and accessories for you to connect to
video sources, trigger sources, or synchronization sources. However, if
you want to develop your own cables, the following guidelines must be
met:
• For the video inputs, use a 75 Ω shielded coaxial cable.
• For the digital triggers and synchronization signals, twisted pairs
for each signal yield the best result.
• For the 25-pin DSU B con ne ctor, use A MP p ar t nu mber 74 7912 -2
or equivalent.
For information on c onnec tor pin a ssignm ents, s ee the I/O Connector
section in Chapter 4, Signal Connections.
B
Connector specifications include:
• Video and syn c signa ls 75 Ω impedance
• Trigger signals TTL
• Type 75 Ω BNC or
25-pin DSUB receptacle
(as shown in Figure B-1)
13
Figure B-1.
©
National Instruments Corporation B-1 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
25-Pin DSUB Receptacle
1
1425
Page 67
Appendix
Customer Communication
For your convenience, this appendix contains forms to help you gather the information necessary to
help us solve your technical problems and a form you can use to comment on the product
documentation. When you contact us, we need th e information on the Technical Suppor t Form and the
configuration form, if your manual contains one, about your system configuration to answer your
questions as quickly as possible.
National Instruments has techn ica l assistan ce thr ou gh electronic , fa x, a nd telepho ne sys tems to
quickly provid e the informat ion you need. Our electron ic services incl ude a bullet in board ser vice,
an FTP site, a Fax-on-Demand system, and e- mail support. If you have a hardw are or softwa re
problem, first try the electronic support systems. If the information available on these systems
does not answer your questions, we offer fax and telephone support through our technical support
centers, which are staffed by applica tions engine ers.
C
Electronic Services
Bulletin Board Support
National Instruments has BBS and FTP sites dedicated for 24-hour support with a collection of files
and documents to answer most common customer questions. From these sites, you can also download
the latest instrument drivers, updates, and example programs. For recorded instructions on how to use
the bulletin board and FTP services and for BBS automated information, call (512) 795-6990. You can
access these services at:
United States: (512) 794-5422
Up to 14,400 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity
United Kingdom: 01635 551422
Up to 9,600 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity
France: 01 48 65 15 59
Up to 9,600 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity
FTP Support
To access our FTP site, log on to our Internet host,
Internet address, such as
documents are located in the
©
National Instruments Corporation C-1 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
joesmith@anywhere.com, as your password. The support files and
/support
directories.
ftp.natinst.com, as anonymous and use your
Page 68
Fax-on-Demand Support
Fax-on-Demand is a 24-hour inf ormation re trieval sys tem containing a library o f documents on a wide
range of technical information. You can access Fax-on-Demand from a touch-tone telephone at
(512) 418-1111.
E-Mail Support (currently U.S. only
You can submit technical support questions to the applications enginee ring team through e-m ail at the
Internet address listed below. Remember to include your name, address, and phone number so we can
contact you with solutions and sugg estions.
support@natinst.com
)
Telephone and Fax Support
National Instruments has branch offices all over the world. Use the list below to find the technical
support number for your country. If there is no Nat ional Instruments office in your countr y, contact the
source from which you purchased your software to obtain support.
Telephone Fax
Australia 03 9879 5166 03 9879 6277
Austria 0662 45 79 90 0 0662 45 79 90 19
Belgium 02 757 00 20 02 757 03 11
Canada (Ontario) 905 785 0085 905 785 0086
Canada (Quebec) 514 694 8521 514 694 4399
Denmark 45 76 26 00 45 76 26 02
Finland 09 725 725 11 09 725 725 55
France 01 48 14 24 24 01 48 14 24 14
Germany 089 741 31 30 089 714 60 35
Hong Kong 2645 3186 2686 8505
Israel 03 5734815 03 5734816
Italy 02 413091 02 41309215
Japan 03 5472 2970 03 5472 2977
Korea 02 596 7456 02 596 7455
Mexico 5 520 2635 5 520 3282
Netherlands 0348 433466 0348 430673
Norway 32 84 84 00 32 84 86 00
Singapore 2265886 2265887
Spain 91 640 0085 91 640 0533
Sweden 08 730 49 70 08 730 43 70
Switzerland 056 200 51 51 056 200 51 55
Taiwan 02 377 1200 02 737 4644
U.K. 01635 523545 01635 523154
Page 69
Technical Support Form
Photocopy this form and update it each time you make changes to your software or hardware, and
use the completed copy of this form as a reference for your current configuration. Completing this
form accurately before con tact ing Na tional I nstrume nts for tec hnica l sup port he lps our
applications engineers answer you r questions more efficiently .
If you are using any National Instrume nts hardware or software products rela ted to this problem,
include the configuration forms from their user manuals. Include additional pages if necessary.
Name ________________________________________________________________ __________
Company _______________________________________________________________________
Address ________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________ ________________
Fax (___ )___________________ Phone (___ ) ________________________________________
Computer brand ________________ Model ________________ Processor___________________
Operating system (include version number)____________________________________________
Clock speed ______MHz RAM _____MB Display adapter __________________________
Mouse ___yes ___no Other adapters installed _______________________________________
Hard disk capacity _____MB Brand _____________________________________________
Instruments used _________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
National Instrument s hard war e produ c t mode l__________ Revision ____________ ___ ___ ____
Configuration ______ ___ ___ __________________________________ __ ___ ________________
National Instrument s sof t war e produ ct____________________________ Version __________ __
Configuration ______ ___ ___ __________________________________ __ ___ ________________
The problem is: __________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
List any error messages: ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
The following steps reproduce the problem:____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Page 70
PCI-1408 Hardware and Software Configuration Form
Record the settings a nd re vision s o f your h ardw are a nd softwa re on th e line to th e righ t of e ach
item. Complete a new cop y of this form e ach time y ou revise yo ur sof twa re or ha rdwa re
configuration, and use this form as a refer ence for your c urren t configuration. Completing this
form accurately before con tact ing Na tional I nstrume nts for tec hnica l sup port he lps our
applications engineers answer you r questions more efficiently .
National Instruments Products
IMAQ hardware ______________ _________ _______ ______ ______ __________ ______ ____
Interrupt level of hardware ______ ______ ______ __________ ______ _______ ______ _______
DMA channels of hardware _____________________ ______ ______ __________ ______ ____
Base I/O address of h ardw are ____________________ ___ ___ ___ _______ ___ ___ ___ _______
Programming choice ___________ ______ ______ _______ _________ _______ ______ _______
NI-IMAQ, IMAQ V ision, o r La bVIE W version _ ____ ______ ___ ___ ____ ______ ___ ___ ____
Other boards in system _______________ ___ ___ ____ ______ ___ ___ ____ ______ ___ ___ ____
Base I/O address of o ther b oards _______________________ ___ ___ _______ ___ ___ ___ ____
DMA channels of other boards _______________________________ _______ ______ _______
Interrupt level of other boards _______________ _______ ______ _______ _________ _______
Other Products
Computer make and model __________________ _______ ______ _______ _________ _______
Microprocessor _______________________________________________________________
Clock frequency or sp ee d ___________________ ____ ______ ___ ___ ____ ______ ___ ___ ____
PCI chipset ___________________________________________________________________
Type of video bo ard installe d __________ ___ ___ _______ ___ ___ ___ _______ ___ ___ ___ ____
Operating system vers io n _______ ___ ___ ______ ____ ___ ___ ______ ____ ___ ___ ______ ____
Operating system m ode ___________ ______ ___ ____ ___ ______ ___ ____ ___ ______ ___ ____
Programming language ____________ ______ __________ ______ _______ ______ __________
Programming language vers ion ________ ______ _______ ______ __________ ______ _______
Other boards in system _______________ ___ ___ ____ ______ ___ ___ ____ ______ ___ ___ ____
Base I/O address of o ther b oards _______________________ ___ ___ _______ ___ ___ ___ ____
DMA channels of other boards _______________________________ _______ ______ _______
Interrupt level of other boards _______________ _______ ______ _______ _________ _______
Page 71
Documentation Comment Form
National Instruments encourages you to comment on the documentation supplied with our
products. This information helps us provide q uality pr oducts to m eet y our nee ds.
Title:
Edition Date:
Part Number:
Please comment on the completeness, clarity, and organization of the manual.
_______________________________________________________________ ________________
_______________________________________________________________ ________________
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_______________________________________________________________ ________________
If you find error s in the m an ual, plea se r ecor d the pa ge nu mbe rs and descr ibe the e rr ors.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Getting Started with Your IMAQ PCI-14 08 and the NI-IMAQ Software for Mac OS
June 1997
321557A-01
Thank you for y our he lp.
Name _________________________________________________________________________
Title __________________________________________________________________________
Company _______________________________________________________________________
Address ________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Phone (___ )__________________________ Fax (___ ) _________________________________
Mail to:
Technical Publications
National Instruments Corporation National Instruments Corporation
6504 Bridge Point Parkway (512) 794-5678
Austin, TX 78730-5039
Fax to:
Technical Publications
Page 72
Prefix Meaning Value
Glossary
p- pico- 10
n- nano- 10
µ- micro- 10
m- milli- 10
k- kilo- 10
M- mega- 10
G- giga- 10
-12
-9
-6
-3
3
6
9
Numbers/Symbols
% percent
+ positive of, or plus
+5V 5 V signal
- negative of, or minus
/per
±plus or minus
Ω ohm
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National Instruments Corporation G-1 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
Page 73
Glossary
A
A amperes
AC alternating current
acquisition window the image size specific to a video standard or camera resolution
active line region the region of lines actively being stored; defined by a line start
(relative to VS YNC) an d a lin e count
active pixel region the region of pixels actively being stored; defined by a pixel start
(relative to HSYNC) and a pixel count
A/D analog-to-digital
ADC analog-to-digital converter—an electronic device, often an
integrated circuit, that converts an analog voltage to a digital
number
address character code that identifies a specific location (or series of
locations) in memory
ANSI American National Standards Institute
antichrominance filter removes the color informa tion fro m th e vide o signal
API application programming interface
AQ_DONE signals that the acquisition of a frame or field is completed
AQ_IN_PROGRESS signals that the acquisition of video data is in progress
area a rectangular portion of an acquisition window or frame that is
controlled and def ine d b y softw are
array ordered , indexed set of da ta elements of the same type
ASIC Application-Specific Integrated Circuit—a proprietary
semiconductor component designed and manufactured to perform
a set of specific functions for a specific customer
aspect ratio the ratio of a signal’s width to its height
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS G-2
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National Instruments Corporation
Page 74
Glossary
B
b bit—one binary digit, either 0 or 1
B byte —eight related bits of data, an eight-bit binary numbe r; also
used to denote the amount of memory requir ed to store one byte
of data
back porch the area of the vid eo sign al betwe en the rising edge o f the
horizontal sync signal and the active video information
black reference level the level that represents the darkest an image can get
See also white reference level.
buffer tem por ary sto rage f or ac qu ire d data
bus the group of conductors that interconnect individual circuitry in a
computer, such as the PCI bu s; ty p ica lly th e exp an sio n v eh ic le to
which I/O or other devices are conn ected
C
CCelsius
cache high-speed processor memory that buffers commonly used
instructions or data to increa se p roce ssing throughp ut
CCIR Comite Consultatif International des Radiocommun ications—a
committee that developed standa rds for color vi deo signals
chrominance the color information in a video signal
CMOS complementary metal-oxide semico nductor
compiler a software utility that converts a source program in a high-level
programming language, such as Basic, C or Pascal, into an object
or compiled progra m in ma ch ine la nguage . Co mpile d prog ra ms
run 10 to 1,000 times faster than interpreted programs
See also Interpret er.
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National Instruments Corporation G-3 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
Page 75
Glossary
conversion device device that transforms a signal from one form to anoth er; for
example, analog-to-digital co nverters (A DCs) for anal og input
and digital-to-analog conve rters (DACs) for analog ou tput
CPU central processing unit
CSYNC compo site sync s ignal; a c ombin ation of the hor izon tal and
vertical sync pulses
CSYNCIN composite sync in signal
CSYNCOUT composite sync out signal
D
D/A digital-to-analog
DAC digital-to-analog conve rter; an elect ronic device , often an
integrated circuit, that converts a digital number into a
corresponding analog vo ltage o r cur rent
DAQ data acquisition—(1) collecting and measuring electrical signals
from sensors, transducers, and test probes or fixtur es and
inputting them to a computer for processing; (2) collecting and
measuring the same kinds of electrical signals with A/D or DIO
boards plugged into a computer , and possibly gene rating con trol
signals with D/A and/or DIO boards in the same computer
dB decibel; the unit for expressing a logarithmic measure of the ratio
of two signal levels: dB=20log10 V1/V2, for signals in volts
DC direct current
default setting a default parameter value recorded in the driver; in many cases,
the default input of a control is a certain value (often 0) that means
use the current default setting.
DIN Deutsche Industrie Norme
DLL dynamic link library—a software module in Microsoft Windows
containing executable code and data t ha t ca n be called or used by
Windows applications or other DLLs; functions and data in a DLL
are loaded and linked at run time when they are referenced by a
Windows application or oth er DL Ls
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS G-4
©
National Instruments Corporation
Page 76
Glossary
DMA direct memory access—a method by which data can be transferr ed
to and from computer memory from and to a device or memory on
the bus while the processor does something else; DMA is the
fastest method of transferring data to/from computer memory
DRAM dynamic RAM
drivers software that controls a specific hardware device such as an
IMAQ or DAQ device.
dynamic range the ratio of the largest signal level a circuit can handle to the
smallest signal level it can handle (usually taken to be the noise
level), normally expressed in dB
E
EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory—ROM
that can be erased with an electrical signa l and reprogram med
external trigger a voltage pulse from an external source that triggers an event such
as A/D convers ion
F
field For an interlaced video signal, a field is half the number of
horizontal lines needed to represe nt a frame of vide o; the first
field of a frame contains all the odd-numbered lines, the second
field contains all of the even-numbered lines.
FIFO first-in first-out memory buffer—the first data stored is the first
data sent to the acceptor; FIFOs are used on IMAQ devices to
temporarily store incoming data until that data can be retrieved.
For example, an analog input FIFO sto res the r esults of A/D
conversions until the data can be retrieved into system memory, a
process that requires the servicing of interrupts and often the
programming of the D MA con troller . Th is proc ess can tak e
several milliseconds in some cases. During this time, data
accumulates in the FIFO for future retrieval.
flash ADC an ADC w h ose ou tput c ode is d eterm ined in a single ste p by a
bank of comparato rs and e ncod in g logic
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Page 77
Glossary
frame a complete image; in interlaced formats, a frame is composed of
two fields
front porch the area of a video signal between the start of the horizontal blank
and the star t of t he h ori z on tal s y nc
ft feet
function a set of software instructions executed by a single line of code that
may have input and/or output parameters and returns a value when
executed; examples of functions are:
y = COS (x)
status = AO_config(board, channel, range)
G
gamma the nonlinear change in the difference between the video signal’s
brightness level and the vo ltage le vel ne ede d to pr odu ce that
brightness
genlock circuitry that aligns the video timing signals by locking toge ther
the horizontal, vertica l, a nd c olor subc ar rier f reque ncies a nd
phases and generates a pix el cloc k to c loc k pixe l data into
memory for displ ay or i n to a noth er ci rcui t fo r pro cessi ng
GND ground sign al
GUI graphical user interface—an intuitive, easy-to-use means of
communicating information to and from a co mputer p rogram by
means of graphical screen displa ys; GUIs ca n re semble the f ront
panels of instruments or other objects associated with a computer
program.
H
h hour
hardware the physical component s of a computer system, such as the circuit
boards, plug-in boards, chassis, enclosures, periphera ls, cables,
and so on
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS G-6
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National Instruments Corporation
Page 78
Glossary
HSYNC horizontal sync signal—the synchroniz ation pulse signal
produced at the beginning of each video scan line that keeps a
video monitor's horizontal scan rate in step with the transmission
of each new line
HSYNCIN horizontal sync input signal
Hz hertz—the number of scan s read or update s written per second
I
IC integrated circuit
ID identification
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IMAQconf a configuration and diagnostic utility included with IMAQ
devices
in. inches
INL integral nonlinearity—A measure in LSB of the worst-case
deviation from the ideal A/D or D/A transfer characteristic of the
analog I/O cir cu itr y
instrument driver a set of high-level software functions, such as NI-IMAQ, that
controls specific plug-in computer boards; instrument drivers are
available in several fo rms, ranging from a function callable from
a programming language to a virtual instrument (VI) in LabVIEW
interlaced a video frame composed of two interleaved fields; the number of
lines in a field are half the number of lines in an interlaced frame
interpreter a software utility that executes source code from a high-level
language such as B asic , C o r Pasc al, b y re ad ing one line at a tim e
and executing the specified operation
See also compiler .
interrupt a computer signal indicating that the CPU should suspend its
current task to service a designated activity
interrupt level the relative priority at which a device can interrupt
©
National Instruments Corporation G-7 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
Page 79
Glossary
I/O input/output— the transfe r of data to/fro m a comput er system
involving communications channels, opera tor interface devic es,
and/or data acquisition and control interfaces
IRQ int er rupt requ est
K
k kilo—the standard metric prefix for 1,000, or 103, used with units
of measure such as volts, hertz, and meters
10
K kilo—the prefix for 1,024, or 2
, used with B in quantifying data
or computer memory
3
kbytes/s a unit for d ata tra nsfer that me ans 1,000 o r 10
bytes/s
Kword 1,024 words of me mory
L
library a file containing compiled object modules, each comprised of one
of more functions, that can be linked to other object modules that
make use of the se func tio ns.
line count the total number of horizontal lines in the picture
LSB least significant bit
LUT look-up table—a selection in the
IMAQconf configuration utility
that contains formulas that let you implement simple imaging
operations such as contrast enhan cement, data inversio n, g amma
manipulation, or other nonlinear transfer function s
M
mmeters
M (1) Mega, the standard metric prefix for 1 million or 10
used with units of measure such as volts and hertz; (2) mega, the
prefix for 1,048,576, or 2
computer mem ory
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS G-8
20
, when used with B to quantify data or
©
National Instruments Corporation
6
, when
Page 80
Glossary
MB megabytes of me mo ry
6
Mbytes/s a unit for data transfer that means 1 million or 10
memory buffer See buffer.
memory window continuo us blocks of memor y that can be ac cessed quickly by
changing addresses on the local pro cessor
MSB most significant bit
MTBF mean time between failure
mux multiplexer—a switching device with multiple inputs that
selectively connects one of its inputs to its output
bytes/s
N
NI-IMAQ driver software for National In st rum ent s IMA Q h ar dwar e
noninterlaced a video frame where all th e lines are scanne d sequentially, in stead
of divided into two fra mes as in a n in terla ced video fr ame
NTSC National Television Standards Committee—the committee that
developed the color video standar d used prim arily in North
America, which uses 525 lines per frame . See also PAL.
NVRAM nonvola tile RAM—RA M that is not erased whe n a device loses
power or is turned off
O
operating system base-level software that contr ols a com pu ter, r uns pr ogram s,
interacts with users, and communicates w ith installed hardware or
peripheral devices
P
PAL P hase Alte rnation L ine—o ne of the Europe an vide o colo r
standards; uses 625 lines per frame. See also NTSC.
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National Instruments Corporation G-9 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
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Glossary
PCI Per iphe ral Co mp onent I nterc onn ect— a high-pe rform a nce
expansion bus architecture originally de veloped by Intel to
replace ISA an d EI SA; it is achie ving wide spr ead acc eptan ce as a
standard for PCs and w orkstations a nd offe rs a th eore tica l
maximum transfer rate of 132 Mbytes/s
PCLK pixel clock signal—times the sampling of p ixels on a video line
PCLKIN pixel cloc k in signa l
PFI programmable function input
PGIA programmable gain instrumentation amplifier
picture aspect ratio the ratio of the active pixel region to the active line region; for
standard video signals lik e RS-170 or CCIR, the full-size picture
aspect ratio normally is 4/3 (1.33)
pixel picture element—the smallest division that makes up the vide o
scan line; for display on a computer monitor, a pixel’s optimum
dimension is square (aspect ratio of 1:1, or the w i dth equal to the
height)
pixel aspect ratio the ratio between the physical h orizonta l size and t he vertical si ze
of the region covered b y the pixe l; an ac quired pixel sh ould
optimally be square, thus the optimal value is 1.0, but typically it
falls between 0.95 an d 1.05 , depe nding on ca mera q ua lity
pixel clock divides the incoming horiz ontal vid eo line into pixe ls
pixel count the total number of pixels between two HYSNCs; the pixel count
determines the frequ ency of the pixe l c lock
PLL phase-locked loop—circuitry tha t provid es a ve ry stable pixel
clock that is referenced to another signal, for example, an
incoming HSYNC signal
protocol the exact sequence of bits, char acters, and control code s used to
transfer data between computers a nd peripher als through a
communications channel
pts points
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS G-10
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National Instruments Corporation
Page 82
Glossary
R
RAM random-access memory
real time a property of an event or system in which data is processed as it is
acquired instead o f be ing accu mu lated and pr ocesse d at a late r
time
region-of-interest a hardware-p rogramm able recta ngular portion of the acquisition
window
relative accuracy a measure in LSB of the accuracy of an ADC; it includes all
nonlinearity and quantization er ro rs but d oes not inc lude off set
and gain errors of the circuitry feeding the ADC
resolution the smallest signal increment that can be detected by a
measurement system; resolution can be expressed in bits, in
proportions, or in percent of full scale. For example, a system has
12-bit resolution, one part in 4,096 resolution, and 0.0244 percent
of full scale.
ribbon cable a flat cable in which the c onductors ar e side by side
ROM read-only memory
RS-170 the U.S. standa rd u sed fo r black- an d-wh ite telev isio n
RTSI bus Real-Time System Integration Bus—the National Instruments
timing bus that connects IMAQ and DAQ boards directly, by
means of connectors on top of the boar ds, for prec ise
synchronization of functions
S
s seconds
scaling down circuitry circuitry that scales dow n the reso lution of a video signa l
scatter-gather DMA a type of DMA that allows the DMA controller to reconfigure
on-the-fly
SRAM static RAM
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National Instruments Corporation G-11 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
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Glossary
sync tells the display where to put a video picture; the horizontal sync
indicates the picture’s left-to-right placement and the vertical
sync indicates top-to-bottom placement
syntax the set of rules to which statements must conform in a particular
programming language
system RAM RAM installed on a personal computer and use d by the operating
system, as contrasted with onboard RAM
T
transfer rate the rate, measured in bytes/s, at whic h dat a is moved fr om source
to destination after software initialization and set up operations;
the maximum rate at which the hardware can operate
TRIG trigger signal
trigger any event that causes or starts some form of data capture
trigger control and circuitry that routes, monitors, and drives the external and
mapping circuitry RTSI bus trigger lines; you can configure each of these lines to
start or stop acquisition on a rising or f alling ed ge.
TTL transistor-transistor logic
V
V volts
VCO voltage-controlled oscillat or—an oscillat or tha t cha nges
frequency depending on a contro l signal; used in a PLL to
generate a stable pixel clock
VI Virtual Instrument—(1) a combination of hardwa re and/or
software elements, typically used with a PC, that has the
functionality of a classic stand-alone instrument (2) a LabVIEW
software module (VI), which consists of a front pane l user
interface and a block diagram program
video line a video line consists of a HSYNC, back porch, active pixel region,
and a front p orc h
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS G-12
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National Instruments Corporation
Page 84
Glossary
VSYNC vertical sync signal—the sync hroniza tion pulse gen era ted at the
beginning of each video field that tells the video monitor when to
start a new f i eld
VSYNCIN vertical sy nc in signal
W
white reference level the level that defines what is white for a particular video system
See also black reference level.
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National Instruments Corporation G-13 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
Page 85
Index
Numbers
+5V signal (table), 4-3
8-bit ADC and LUT, 3-3
A
acquisition and region-of-interest control, 3-4
acquisition mo des, 3-10
acquisition window
controlling, 3-6 to 3-8
programming video param eters, 3-9
active line regi on, 3-7
active pixel region, 3-7
A/D conversion specifications, A-2
ADC, 8-bit, 3-3
Advanced Panel (1),
Advanced Panel (2),
Advanced Panel (3),
antichrominance filter, 3-2
AutoSnap menu,
IMAQconf, 5-10 to 5-12
IMAQconf, 5-12 to 5-13
IMAQconf, 5-13 to 5-14
IMAQconf, 5-4
B
Basic Settings panel, IMAQconf, 5-7 to 5-9
BNC connector
avoiding VIDEO0 connection with 25-pin
DSUB connector (note), 4-1
pin assignments (figure), 4-1
signal connections, 4-1
VIDEO0 input, 2-2
board configuration. See configuration.
bulletin board support, C-1
C
cables
custom cable specifications, B-1
optional equipment, 1-5 to 1-6
required cables, 1-2
Camera Acquisition panel,
5-9 to 5-10
Camera Type panel,
composite synchronizati on. See CSYNC.
configuration, 2-1 to 2-4. See also installation.
board configuration NVRAM, 3-5
external CLK and synchronization input
mode, 2-3
parts locator diagram, 2-2
setting up IMAQ system, 1-6 to 1-7
Switch S1, 2-4
VIDEO0 input mode, 2-2 to 2-3
configuration utility. See
configuration utility.
CSYNC
acquisition window control, 3-6
CSYNC mux, 3-3
external acquisition mode, 3-10
external CLK and synchronization input
mode, 3-3
CSYNCIN± signal (table), 4-3
CSYNCOUT signal (table), 4-3
custom cable specifications, B-1
customer communication, xi, C-1 to C-2
IMAQconf,
IMAQconf, 5-6 to 5-7
IMAQconf
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National Instruments Corporation I-1 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
Page 86
Index
D
delayed video acquisition, 3-6
DIFF input mode
external CLK and synchronization input
mode, 2-3
VIDEO0 input, 2-2 to 2-3
Display menu,
DMA controllers, 3-5
documentation
conventions used in manual, x
National Instrument s docu ment at i on, xi
organization of manual, ix-x
related documentation, xi
DSUB port. See I/O connector.
IMAQconf, 5-4 to 5-5
E
Edit menu, IMAQconf, 5-2 to 5-3
electronic support services, C-1 to C-2
e-mail support, C-2
environment specifications, A-4
equipment, optional, 1-5 to 1-6
external CLK and synchronization input
mode, 2-3
external connection specifications, A-2 to A-3
external lock mode, 3-10
F
fax and telephone support, C-2
FaxBack support, C-2
field, for interlaced video signal, 3-8
FIFO buffer, 3-4
File menu,
formats supported, A-1
frame
IMAQconf, 5-2
definition, 3-8
frame/field selection, 3-6
FTP support, C-1
functional overview, 3- 1 to 3-5
G
gain and offset circuitry, programmable, 3-2
genlock and synchronization circuitry, 3-3
GND signal (table), 4-3
H
Hardware Lookup Table panel, IMAQconf,
5-17 to 5-22
hardware overview, 3-1 to 3-10
8-bit ADC and LUT, 3-3
acquisition and region-of-interest
control, 3-4
acquisition modes, 3-10
antichrominance filter, 3-2
block diagram, 3-2
board configuration NVRAM, 3-5
CSYNC mux, 3-3
FIFO buffer, 3-4
functional overview, 3- 1 to 3-5
genlock and synchronization
circuitry, 3-3
PCI interface, 3-5
PCLK, HSYNC, VSYNC mux, 3-4
pixel aspect ratio circuitry, 3-3
programmable gain an d offset, 3-2
RTSI bus, 3-4
scatter-gather DMA controllers, 3-5
SRAM, 3-5
trigger control and mapping circuitry, 3-4
VCO and PLL circuitry, 3-3
video acquisition, 3-6 to 3-9
acquisition window control,
3-6 to 3-8
programming video parameters,
3-8 to 3-9
start/stop conditions, 3-6
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS I-2
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National Instruments Corporation
Page 87
Index
video mux, 3-2
horizontal count, 3-7
horizontal synchronization. See HSYNC.
HSYNC
acquisition window control, 3-6
external CLK and synchronization input
mode, 3-3
PCLK, HSYNC, VSYNC mux, 3-4
HSYNCIN± signal (table), 4-2
I
image storage, 5-25
IMAQ Vision for G software, 1-3
IMAQconf configuration utility, 5-1 to 5-25
Advanced Panel (1), 5-10 to 5-12
Advanced Panel (2), 5-12 to 5-13
Advanced Panel (3), 5-13 to 5-14
AutoSnap menu, 5- 4
Basic Settings panel, 5-7 to 5-9
Camera Acquisition panel, 5-9 to 5-10
Camera Type panel, 5-6 to 5-7
Display menu, 5-4 to 5-5
Edit menu, 5-2 to 5-3
File menu, 5-2
Hardware Lookup Table panel,
5-17 to 5-22
image storage, 5-25
Interface panel, 5-5 to 5-6
menu bar, 5-2 to 5-5
Operating Mode panel, 5-15 to 5-17
overview, 5 -1
saving configuration settings, 5-24
Scaling menu, 5-3 to 5-4
testing the configuration, 5-24
Video Sequence Recording panel,
5-22 to 5-23
installation. See also configuration.
procedure for, 2-4 to 2-5
setting up IMAQ system , 1-6 to 1-7
unpacking the PCI-1408, 1-6
Interface panel,
interlaced video, 3-9
internal pixel clock specifications, A-3
I/O connector, 4-1 to 4-2
avoiding VIDEO0 connection with BNC
connector, 4-1
custom cable specifications, B-1
pin assignments (figure), 4-2
signal descriptions (table), 4-2 to 4-3
VIDEO0 input, 2-2
IMAQconf, 5-5 to 5-6
J
jumpers
W1
input mode control for VIDEO0
input, 2-2 to 2-3
required for BNC input (note), 4-1
W3, external CLK and synchronization
input mode, 2-3
L
LabVIEW software, 1-3
line count
definition, 3- 7
programmab le pixel and line count, 3-8
line region, active, 3-7
lock mode, external, 3-10
lookup table
8-bit ADC and LUT, 3-3
Hardware Lookup Table panel,
IMAQconf, 5-17 to 5-22
M
manual. See documentation.
mapping circuitry, 3-4
menu bar,
IMAQconf, 5-2 to 5-5
©
National Instruments Corporation I-3 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
Page 88
Index
N
National Instruments application software, 1-3
NI-IMAQ driver software, 1-4 to 1-5
NVRAM, 3-5
O
Operating Mode panel, IMAQconf,
5-15 to 5-17
P
parts locator diagram, 2-2
PCI interface
overview, 3 -5
specifications, A-3 to A-4
PCI-1408. See also hardware overvi ew.
features and overview, 1-1
optional equipment, 1-5 to 1-6
requirements for getting started, 1-1
setting up IMAQ system , 1-6 to 1-7
software programming ch oices, 1-3 to 1-5
National Instruments application
software, 1-3
NI-IMAQ driver software, 1-4 to 1-5
unpacking, 1-6
PCLK
acquisition window control, 3-6
external CLK and synchronization input
mode, 3-3
internal pixel clock specifications, A-3
PCLK, HSYNC, VSYNC mux, 3-4
PCLKIN
physical specifications, A-4
picture aspect ratio, 3-7
pin assignments
BNC connector (figure), 4-1
I/O connector (figure), 4-2
pixel clock. See PCLK.
pixels
active pixel region, 3-7
horizontal count, 3-7
line count, 3-7
pixel aspect ratio, 3-7
pixel aspect ratio circuitry, 3-3
programmab le pixel and line count, 3-8
PLL circuitry, 3-3
power requirements, A-4
programmable gain and offset circuitry, 3-2
programming video parameters. See video
parameters, programming.
R
RAM
board configuration NVRAM, 3-5
SRAM, 3-5
referenced single-ended (RSE) input mode.
See RSE (referenced single-ended) input
mode.
region of interest
control circuitry, 3-4
programming video parameters, 3-9
RSE (referenced single-ended) input mode
external CLK and synchronization input
mode, 2-3
VIDEO0 input, 2-2 to 2-3
RTSI bus, 3-4
S
S1 switch, 2-4
saving configuratio n settings, 5-24
Scaling menu,
scaling-down circuitry, 3-9
scatter-gather DMA controllers, 3-5
signal connections, 4-1 to 4-3
BNC connector, 4-1
external connection specifications,
A-2 to A-3
IMAQconf, 5-3 to 5-4
PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS I-4
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National Instruments Corporation
Page 89
Index
I/O connector, 4-1 to 4-2
pin assignments (figure), 4-2
signal descriptions (table), 4-2 to 4-3
software control of video acquisition, 3-6
software programming choices, 1-3 to 1-5
National Instruments application
software, 1-3
NI-IMAQ driver software, 1-4 to 1-5
specifications, A-1 to A-4
A/D conversion, A-2
environment, A-4
external connections, A-2 to A-3
formats supported, A-1
internal pix e l c lo c k, A-3
PCI interface, A-3 to A-4
physical, A-4
power requirements, A-4
video input, A-1 to A-2
SRAM, 3-5
standard acquisition mode, 3-10
start/stop conditions, video acquisition, 3-6
Switch S1, 2-4
synchronization circuitry, 3-3
synchronization input mode, 2-3
system requirements, 1-2
T
technical support, C-1 to C-2
telephone and fax support, C-2
testing your configuration, 5-24
TRIG<3..0>
trigger control
trigger control and mapping circuitry, 3-4
video acquisition, 3-6
V
VCO and PLL circuitry, 3-3
vertical synchronization. See VSYNC.
video acquisition, 3-6 to 3-9
acquisition window control, 3-6 to 3-8
programming video parameters,
3-8 to 3-9
start/stop conditions, 3-6
video input specifications, A-1 to A-2
video line, 3-7
video mux, 3-2
video parameters, programming, 3-8 to 3-9
acquisition window, 3-9
interlaced video, 3-9
programmab le pixel and line count, 3-8
region of interest, 3-9
scaling down, 3-9
Video Sequence Recording panel,
IMAQconf, 5-22 to 5-23
VIDEO0
avoiding 25-pin DSUB connector with
BNC connection (note), 4-1
description (table), 4-2
input mode, 2-2 to 2-3
VIDEO<3..1>± signal (table), 4-2
VSYNC
acquisition window control, 3-6
external CLK and synchronization input
mode, 3-3
PCLK, HSYNC, VSYNC mux, 3-4
VSYNCIN± signal (table), 4-3
W
W1 jumper
input mode control for VIDEO0 input,
2-2 to 2-3
required for BNC input (note), 4-1
W3 jumper, external CLK and
synchronization input mode, 2-3
©
National Instruments Corporation I-5 PCI-1408/NI-IMAQ for Mac OS
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