National Instruments 653, 6534, 6533 User Manual
DAQ
NI 653X User Manual for Traditional NI-DAQ
High-Speed Digital I/O Devices for PCI, PXI, CompactPCI, AT, EISA,
and PCMCIA Bus Systems
NI 653X User Manual
February 2005
371464D-01
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Warranty
The NI AT-DIO-32HS, NI DAQCard-6533 for PCMCIA, NI PCI-6534, NI PCI-DIO-32HS, NI PXI-6533, and NI PXI-6534 devices are
warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment, as evidenced by receipts or other
documentation. National Instruments will, at its option, repair or replace equipment that proves to be defective during the warranty period. This
warranty includes parts and labor.
The media on which you receive National Instruments software are warranted not to fail to execute programming instructions, due to defects
in materials and workmanship, for a period of 90 days from date of shipment, as evidenced by receipts or other documentation. National
Instruments will, at its option, repair or replace software media that do not execute programming instructions if National Instruments receives
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Determining FCC Class
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FCC/DOC Warnings
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Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated
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and click the appropriate link in the Certification column.
* The CE marking Declaration of Conformity contains important supplementary information and instructions for the user or
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ni.com/certification, search by model number or product line,
Conventions
The following conventions appear in this manual:
<> Angle brackets that contain numbers separated by an ellipsis represent a
range of values associated with a bit or signal name—for example,
DIO<3..0>.
» The » symbol leads you through nested menu items and dialog box options
to a final action. The sequence File»Page Setup»Options directs you to
pull down the File menu, select the Page Setup item, and select Options
from the last dialog box.
♦ The ♦ symbol indicates that the following text applies only to a specific
product, a specific operating system, or a specific software version.
This icon denotes a tip, which alerts you to advisory information.
This icon denotes a note, which alerts you to important information.
This icon denotes a caution, which advises you of precautions to take to
avoid injury, data loss, or a system crash. When this symbol is marked on a
product, refer to the for information about precautions to take.
bold Bold text denotes items that you must select or click in the software, such
as menu items and dialog box options. Bold text also denotes parameter
names.
italic Italic text denotes variables, emphasis, a cross reference, or an introduction
to a key concept. This font also denotes text that is a placeholder for a word
or value that you must supply.
monospace Text in this font denotes text or characters that you should enter from the
keyboard. This font is also used for the proper names of functions,
variables, and filenames and extensions.
NI 6533 NI 6533 refers to the NI AT-DIO-32HS, NI DAQCard-6533 for PCMCIA,
NI PCI-DIO-32HS, and NI PXI-6533 devices, unless otherwise noted.
NI 6534 NI 6534 refers to the NI PCI-6534 and NI PXI-6534 devices, unless
otherwise noted.
NI 653X NI 653X refers to the NI AT-DIO-32HS, NI DAQCard-6533 for PCMCIA,
NI PCI-6534, NI PCI-DIO-32HS, NI PXI-6533, and NI PXI-6534 devices,
unless otherwise noted.
Contents
Chapter 1
Getting Started with Your NI 653X
NI 653X Overview ........................................................................................................1-1
Control Lines...................................................................................................1-2
What You Need to Get Started ......................................................................................1-2
Choosing Your Programming Software ........................................................................1-3
National Instruments Application Software ....................................................1-3
NI-DAQ Driver Software ................................................................................1-4
Installing Your Software................................................................................................1-6
Unpacking Your NI 653X ..............................................................................................1-6
Installing Your NI 653X ................................................................................................1-7
Installing the NI PCI-DIO-32HS, NI PCI-6534, or NI PCI-7030/6533..........1-7
Installing the NI PXI-6533, NI PXI-6534, or NI PXI-7030/6533...................1-7
Installing the NI AT-DIO-32HS......................................................................1-8
Installing the NI DAQCard-6533 for PCMCIA ..............................................1-9
Configuring the NI 653X ...............................................................................................1-9
In Windows .....................................................................................................1-9
In Mac OS........................................................................................................1-10
Safety Information .........................................................................................................1-10
Chapter 2
Using Your NI 653X
Choosing the Correct Mode for Your Application ........................................................2-1
Controlling and Monitoring Static Digital Lines—Unstrobed I/O ................................2-2
Configuring Digital Lines................................................................................2-2
Standard Output ................................................................................2-2
Open-Collector Output......................................................................2-2
Using Control Lines as Extra Unstrobed Data Lines ......................................2-3
Connecting Signals..........................................................................................2-4
Creating a Program..........................................................................................2-4
Programming the Control/Timing Lines as Extra Unstrobed
Data Lines ......................................................................................2-5
Generating and Receiving Digital Patterns and Waveforms—Pattern I/O....................2-6
Deciding the Width of Data to Transfer ..........................................................2-6
Deciding Transfer Direction............................................................................2-7
Choosing an Internal or External REQ Source................................................2-7
Reversing the REQ Polarity ............................................................................2-7
Specifying the Transfer Rate ...........................................................................2-8
© National Instruments Corporation vii NI 653X User Manual
Contents
Starting and Stopping Data Transfer—Triggering.......................................... 2-8
Start and Stop Trigger....................................................................... 2-9
Choosing Continuous or Finite Data Transfer ................................................ 2-11
Finite Transfers................................................................................. 2-11
Continuous Input .............................................................................. 2-11
Continuous Output............................................................................ 2-11
Choosing DMA or Interrupt Transfers ............................................. 2-12
Monitoring Data Transfer ............................................................................... 2-12
Connecting Signals ......................................................................................... 2-13
Creating a Program ......................................................................................... 2-14
Transferring Data Between Two Devices—Handshaking I/O ...................................... 2-17
Choosing the Width of Data to Transfer ......................................................... 2-17
Deciding Data Transfer Direction................................................................... 2-17
Deciding Which Handshaking Protocol to Use .............................................. 2-17
Using the Burst Protocol ................................................................................. 2-18
Deciding the PCLK Signal Direction ............................................... 2-18
Selecting ACK/REQ Signal Polarity .............................................................. 2-19
Choosing Whether to Use a Programmable Delay ......................................... 2-19
Choosing Continuous or Finite Data Transfer ................................................ 2-20
Finite Transfers................................................................................. 2-20
Continuous Input .............................................................................. 2-20
Continuous Output............................................................................ 2-20
Choosing DMA or Interrupt Transfers ............................................. 2-21
Connecting Signals ......................................................................................... 2-21
Choosing the Startup Sequence....................................................................... 2-22
Using an Initialization Order ............................................................ 2-22
Controlling Line Polarities ............................................................... 2-23
Creating a Program ......................................................................................... 2-23
Monitoring Line State—Change Detection................................................................... 2-28
Deciding the Width of Data to Acquire .......................................................... 2-28
Deciding Which Lines You Want to Monitor................................................. 2-29
Deciding How to Start and Stop Data Transfer—Triggering ......................... 2-30
Start and Stop Trigger....................................................................... 2-31
Choosing Continuous or Finite Data Transfer ................................................ 2-32
Finite Transfers................................................................................. 2-32
Continuous Input .............................................................................. 2-32
Choosing DMA or Interrupt Transfers ............................................. 2-33
Connecting Signals ......................................................................................... 2-33
Creating a Program ......................................................................................... 2-33
NI 653X User Manual viii ni.com
Chapter 3
Timing Diagrams
Pattern I/O Timing Diagrams ........................................................................................3-1
Internal REQ Signal Source ............................................................................3-1
External REQ Signal Source ...........................................................................3-2
Handshaking I/O Timing Diagrams ...............................................................................3-4
Comparing the Different Handshaking Protocols ...........................................3-4
Using the Burst Protocol .................................................................................3-5
Using Asynchronous Protocols .......................................................................3-11
Using the 8255-Emulation Protocol ................................................................3-11
Using the Level-ACK Protocol .......................................................................3-17
Using Protocols Based on Signal Edges..........................................................3-22
Using the Trailing-Edge Protocol....................................................................3-22
Appendix A
Specifications
Appendix B
Using PXI with CompactPCI
Contents
Appendix C
Connecting Signals with Accessories
Appendix D
Hardware Considerations
Appendix E
Optimizing Your Transfer Rates
Appendix F
Technical Support and Professional Services
Glossary
Index
© National Instruments Corporation ix NI 653X User Manual
Getting Started with Your
NI 653X
The NI 653X User Manual describes installing, configuring, setting up,
and programming applications for the NI 653X family of digital I/O (DIO)
devices. The NI 653X family includes the NI AT-DIO-32HS,
NI DAQCard-6533 for PCMCIA, NI PCI-6534, NI PCI-DIO-32HS,
NI PXI-6533, NI PXI-6534, and NI PCI/PXI-7030/6533.
NI 653X Overview
With NI 653X devices, you can use your computer or chassis as a
digital I/O tester, logic analyzer, or system controller for laboratory testing,
production testing, and industrial process monitoring and control.
Each NI 653X provides 32 digital data lines that are individually
configurable as input or output, grouped into four 8-bit ports. Each line can
sink or source 24 mA of current.
1
The NI 6534 contains onboard memory, enabling you to transfer data
to/from this memory at a guaranteed rate. This memory removes the
dependency on the host computer bus for applications that require
guaranteed transfer rates.
The NI PCI/PXI-7030/6533 is an RT Series device that contains a
processor board (NI 7030), an NI 6533 daughter board, and an independent
processor that runs LabVIEW Real-Time applications. The NI 6533
daughter board contains all the features and functions of the
NI PCI/PXI-6533 described in this manual. For more information about
your NI PCI/PXI-7030/6533, refer to the RT Series DAQ Device User
Manual.
The NI 6534 uses the Real-Time System Integration (RTSI) bus to easily
synchronize several measurement devices to a common trigger or timing
event. The RTSI bus allows synchronization of the measurements. The
RTSI bus consists of the RTSI bus interface and a ribbon cable to route
timing and trigger signals between as many as five DAQ devices in the
© National Instruments Corporation 1-1 NI 653X User Manual
Chapter 1 Getting Started with Your NI 653X
computer. If you are using the NI PXI-6534 or NI PXI-6533 in a PXI
chassis, RTSI lines, known as the PXI trigger bus, are part of the backplane.
In addition, a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit accomplishes the
synchronization of multiple NI PXI-6534 devices or other PXI devices
which support PLL synchronization by allowing these devices to all lock to
the same reference clock present on the PXI backplane. Refer to the
Phase-Locked Loop Circuit (NI PXI-6534 Only) section of Appendix D,
Hardware Considerations, for more information.
Detailed NI 653X specifications are in Appendix A, Specifications.
Control Lines
In addition to controlling and monitoring relay-type applications, the
NI 653X also provides two timing/handshaking controllers, named
Group 1 and Group 2, for high-speed data transfer. Refer to the Using
Control Lines as Extra Unstrobed Data Lines section of Chapter 2, Getting
Started with Your NI 653X, for more information about the capabilities of
these control lines.
What You Need to Get Started
To begin using your NI 653X, you need the following items:
❑ One or more of the following devices:
– NI AT-DIO-32HS
– NI DAQCard-6533 for PCMCIA
–NIPCI-6534
– NI PCI-DIO-32HS
–NIPXI-6533
–NIPXI-6534
– NI PCI/PXI-7030/6533 (RT Series DAQ device)
❑ NI 653X User Manual
❑ NI-DAQ (for PC compatibles or Mac OS)
❑ Software environments supported by NI-DAQ (optional):
– LabVIEW (for Windows or Mac OS)
– LabVIEW Real-Time Module (LabVIEW RT)
– LabWindows
NI 653X User Manual 1-2 ni.com
™
/CVI™ (for Windows or Mac OS)
Chapter 1 Getting Started with Your NI 653X
– Measurement Studio (for Windows only)
– Other supported compilers
❑ The appropriate signal connector
❑ The appropriate shielded or ribbon cable. Refer to Appendix C,
Connecting Signals with Accessories, for specific information about
cables that are compatible with your device.
❑ Your computer or PXI/CompactPCI chassis and controller
Choosing Your Programming Software
When programming NI measurement hardware, you can use either NI
application software or another application development environment
(ADE).
National Instruments Application Software
LabVIEW and LabVIEW RT feature interactive graphics, a state-of-the-art
user interface, and a powerful graphical programming language. The
LabVIEW Data Acquisition VI Library, a series of virtual instruments
(VIs) for using LabVIEW with National Instruments DAQ hardware, is
included with LabVIEW. The LabVIEW Data Acquisition VI Library is
functionally equivalent to the NI-DAQ application programming
interface (API).
As with LabVIEW, you develop your LabVIEW RT applications
with graphical programming, then download the program to run on
an independent hardware target with a real-time operating system.
LabVIEW RT allows you to use the NI 6533 digital DAQ devices in two
configurations: the NI PCI/PXI-7030/6533, and the NI PXI-6533 in a PXI
system being controlled in real time by LabVIEW RT.
LabWindows/CVI is a complete ANSI C ADE that features an interactive
user interface, code generation tools, and the LabWindows/CVI Data
Acquisition and Easy I/O libraries.
Measurement Studio, which includes tools for Visual C++ and tools for
Visual Basic, is a development suite that allows you to design test and
measurement applications. For Visual Basic developers, Measurement
Studio features a set of ActiveX controls for using National Instruments
DAQ hardware. These ActiveX controls provide a high-level programming
interface for building VIs. For Visual C++ developers, Measurement Studio
© National Instruments Corporation 1-3 NI 653X User Manual
Chapter 1 Getting Started with Your NI 653X
offers a set of Visual C++ classes and tools to integrate those classes into
Visual C++ applications. The ActiveX controls and classes are available
with Measurement Studio and the NI-DAQ software.
Using LabVIEW, LabWindows/CVI, or Measurement Studio greatly
reduces the development time for your data acquisition and control
application.
NI-DAQ Driver Software
The NI-DAQ driver software shipped with your NI 653X has an extensive
library of functions that you can call from your ADE. These functions
allow you to use all the features of the NI 653X.
NI-DAQ carries out many of the complex interactions, such as
programming interrupts, between the computer and the DAQ hardware.
NI-DAQ maintains a consistent software interface among its different
versions so that you can change platforms with minimal modifications to
your code. Whether you are using LabVIEW, LabWindows/CVI,
Measurement Studio, or another ADE, your application uses the NI-DAQ
driver software, as illustrated in Figure 1-1.
NI 653X User Manual 1-4 ni.com
Chapter 1 Getting Started with Your NI 653X
LabVIEW, LabVIEW RT,
LabWindows/CVI,
or Measurement Studio
NI-DAQ
Driver Software
DAQ Hardware
Conventional
Programming Environment
Personal
Computer or
Workstation
Figure 1-1. The Relationship Between the Programming Environment,
NI-DAQ, and Your Hardware
To download a free copy of the most recent version of NI-DAQ, click
Drivers and Updates at
ni.com/downloads. Use the following table to
find which NI-DAQ versions are compatible with your device.
Table 1-1. NI 653X Devices and NI-DAQ Support
NI-DAQ Version
Device Supported
Windows Mac
NI PCI-DIO-32HS Version 5.0 or later Version 6.1.0 or later
NI AT-DIO-32HS Version 5.0 or later N/A
NI PXI-6533 Version 5.1 or later Version 6.1.3 or later
NI DAQCard-6533 for PCMCIA Version 5.1 or later Version 6.1.0 or later
NI PXI-6534 Version 6.9 or later N/A
© National Instruments Corporation 1-5 NI 653X User Manual
Chapter 1 Getting Started with Your NI 653X
Table 1-1. NI 653X Devices and NI-DAQ Support (Continued)
NI-DAQ Version
Device Supported
NI PCI-6534 Version 6.9 or later N/A
NI PCI or PXI-7030/6533 Version 6.5.2 or later N/A
Windows Mac
Installing Your Software
Install application development software, such as LabVIEW or
LabWindows/CVI, according to instructions on the CD and the release
notes. If NI-DAQ was not installed with your ADE, then install NI-DAQ
according to the instructions on the CD and the DAQ Quick Start Guide
included with your device.
Note It is important to install NI-DAQ before installing your device(s) to ensure the
device(s) are properly detected.
Unpacking Your NI 653X
Your NI 653X is shipped in an antistatic package to prevent electrostatic
damage to the device. To avoid such damage in handling the device, take
the following precautions:
• Ground yourself using a grounding strap or by holding a grounded
object.
• Touch the antistatic package to a metal part of your computer chassis
before removing the device from the package.
Caution Never touch the exposed pins of connectors to prevent electrostatic discharge
from damaging the device.
Remove the device from the package and inspect the device for loose
components or any sign of damage. Notify NI if the device appears
damaged in any way. Do not install a damaged device into your computer.
Store your NI 653X in the antistatic envelope when not in use.
NI 653X User Manual 1-6 ni.com
Chapter 1 Getting Started with Your NI 653X
Installing Your NI 653X
The following are general installation instructions. Consult your computer
or chassis user manual or technical reference manual for specific
instructions and warnings about installing new devices.
Note It is important to install NI-DAQ before installing your device(s) to ensure the
device(s) are properly detected.
Installing the NI PCI-DIO-32HS, NI PCI-6534, or NI PCI-7030/6533
You can install an NI PCI-DIO-32HS, NI PCI-6534, or NI PCI-7030/6533
in any available PCI expansion slot in your computer.
1. Power off and unplug your computer.
2. Remove the cover.
3. Remove the expansion slot cover on the back panel of the computer.
4. Touch a metal part of your computer chassis to discharge any static
electricity that might be on your clothes or body.
5. Insert the NI 653X into a PCI system slot. It may be a tight fit, but do
not force the device into place.
6. Screw the mounting bracket of the NI 653X to the back panel rail of the
computer.
7. Visually verify the installation. Make sure the device is not touching
other boards or components and is inserted fully in the slot.
8. Replace the cover of your computer.
9. Plug in and power on your computer.
You are now ready to configure your NI 653X.
Installing the NI PXI-6533, NI PXI-6534, or NI PXI-7030/6533
You can install an NI PXI-653X or NI PXI-7030/6533 any available 5 V
peripheral slot in your PXI or CompactPCI chassis.
Note Your PXI device has connections to several reserved lines on the CompactPCI J2
connector. Before installing a PXI device in a CompactPCI system that uses J2 connector
lines for purposes other than PXI, refer to Appendix C, Connecting Signals with
Accessories.
© National Instruments Corporation 1-7 NI 653X User Manual
Chapter 1 Getting Started with Your NI 653X
1. Power off and unplug your PXI or CompactPCI chassis.
2. Choose an unused PXI or CompactPCI 5 V peripheral slot.
Tip For maximum performance of your CompactPCI system, install the NI PXI-653X in
a slot that supports bus arbitration or bus-master cards. The NI PXI-653X contains onboard
bus-master direct memory access (DMA) logic that can operate only in such a slot. If you
install the device in a slot that does not support bus masters, you must disable the
NI PXI-653X onboard DMA controller using your software. PXI-compliant chassis have
bus arbitration for all slots.
3. Remove the filler panel for the peripheral slot you have chosen.
4. Touch a metal part on your chassis to discharge any static electricity
that might be on your clothes or body.
5. Insert the NI PXI-653X into a 5 V slot. Use the injector/ejector handle
to fully inject the device into place.
6. Screw the front panel of the NI PXI-653X to the front panel mounting
rails of the PXI or CompactPCI chassis.
7. Visually verify the installation. Make sure the device is not touching
other boards or components and is fully in the slot.
8. Plug in and power on the PXI or CompactPCI chassis.
You are now ready to configure your NI 653X.
Installing the NI AT-DIO-32HS
You can install an NI AT-DIO-32HS in any available AT (16-bit ISA) or
EISA expansion slot in your computer.
1. Power off and unplug your computer.
2. Remove the cover.
3. Remove the expansion slot cover on the back panel of the computer.
4. Touch a metal part of your computer chassis to discharge any static
electricity that might be on your clothes or body.
5. Insert the NI AT-DIO-32HS into an AT (16-bit ISA) or EISA slot. It
can be a tight fit, but do not force the device into place.
6. Screw the mounting bracket of the NI AT-DIO-32HS to the back panel
rail of the computer.
7. Visually verify the installation. Make sure the device is not touching
other boards or components and is fully inserted in the slot.
NI 653X User Manual 1-8 ni.com
8. Replace the cover of the computer.
9. Plug in and power on your computer.
You are now ready to configure your NI 653X.
Installing the NI DAQCard-6533 for PCMCIA
You can install your NI DAQCard-6533 for PCMCIA in any available
CardBus-compatible Type II PCMCIA slot. Consult the computer
manufacturer for information about slot compatibility.
1. Power off your computer. If your computer and operating system
support hot insertion, you may insert or remove the NI DAQCard-6533
at any time, whether the computer is powered on or off.
2. Remove the PCMCIA slot cover on your computer, if any.
You are now ready to configure your NI 653X.
Configuring the NI 653X
Your NI 653X is automatically configured in Measurement &
Automation Explorer (MAX), which is installed with NI-DAQ in
Windows, or in the NI-DAQ Configuration Utility, which is installed
with NI-DAQ in the Mac OS. All settings are initially configured to
default settings.
Chapter 1 Getting Started with Your NI 653X
In Windows
If you would like to change or view default settings, complete the following
steps, also available in the DAQ Quick Start Guide:
1. Launch MAX.
2. Open Devices and Interfaces.
3. Right-click the device you want to configure and choose Properties.
4. Click the Test Resources button to test hardware resources.
To create a virtual channel or to learn about other capabilities of MAX, read
the help files available in MAX by selecting Help»Help Topics.
© National Instruments Corporation 1-9 NI 653X User Manual
Chapter 1 Getting Started with Your NI 653X
In Mac OS
To view and test current resource allocation, complete the following steps:
1. Open the NI-DAQ Configuration Utility.
2. Select the device you want to configure.
3. Click the Configure button.
4. Click the Test Resources button to test hardware resources.
Caution Do not configure the NI 653X resources in conflict with non-NI devices. For
example, do not configure two devices to have the same base address.
Note The NI PCI/PXI-7030/6533 configuration is similar to NI PCI/PXI-653X
configuration with a few exceptions. Refer to your RT Series DAQ Device User Manual
for specific configuration details.
Note If you are using the NI AT-DIO-32HS in a non-Plug and Play system, the device
automatically configures to a switchless DAQ device so that it can work in the system.
Now that you have completed configuring your device, you can begin
setting up the device for use.
Safety Information
The following section contains important safety information that you must
follow when installing and using the product.
Do not operate the product in a manner not specified in this document.
Misuse of the product can result in a hazard. You can compromise the
safety protection built into the product if the product is damaged in any
way. If the product is damaged, return it to National Instruments for repair.
Do not substitute parts or modify the product except as described in this
document. Use the product only with the chassis, modules, accessories, and
cables specified in the installation instructions. You must have all covers
and filler panels installed during operation of the product.
Do not operate the product in an explosive atmosphere or where there may
be flammable gases or fumes. If you must operate the product in such an
environment, it must be in a suitably rated enclosure.
NI 653X User Manual 1-10 ni.com
Chapter 1 Getting Started with Your NI 653X
If you need to clean the product, use a soft, nonmetallic brush. Make sure
that the product is completely dry and free from contaminants before
returning it to service.
Operate the product only at or below Pollution Degree 2. Pollution is
foreign matter in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state that can reduce dielectric
strength or surface resistivity. The following is a description of pollution
degrees:
• Pollution Degree 1 means no pollution or only dry, nonconductive
pollution occurs. The pollution has no influence.
• Pollution Degree 2 means that only nonconductive pollution occurs in
most cases. Occasionally, however, a temporary conductivity caused
by condensation must be expected.
• Pollution Degree 3 means that conductive pollution occurs, or dry,
nonconductive pollution occurs that becomes conductive due to
condensation.
You must insulate signal connections for the maximum voltage for which
the product is rated. Do not exceed the maximum ratings for the product.
Do not install wiring while the product is live with electrical signals. Do not
remove or add connector blocks when power is connected to the system.
Avoid contact between your body and the connector block signal when hot
swapping modules. Remove power from signal lines before connecting
them to or disconnecting them from the product.
Operate the product at or below the installation category
hardware label. Measurement circuits are subjected to working voltages
1
marked on the
2
and transient stresses (overvoltage) from the circuit to which they are
connected during measurement or test. Installation categories establish
standard impulse withstand voltage levels that commonly occur in
electrical distribution systems. The following is a description of installation
categories:
• Installation Category I is for measurements performed on circuits not
directly connected to the electrical distribution system referred to as
MAINS
3
voltage. This category is for measurements of voltages from
specially protected secondary circuits. Such voltage measurements
1
Installation categories, also referred to as measurement categories, are defined in electrical safety standard IEC 61010-1.
2
Working voltage is the highest rms value of an AC or DC voltage that can occur across any particular insulation.
3
MAINS is defined as a hazardous live electrical supply system that powers equipment. Suitably rated measuring circuits may
be connected to the MAINS for measuring purposes.
© National Instruments Corporation 1-11 NI 653X User Manual
Chapter 1 Getting Started with Your NI 653X
include signal levels, special equipment, limited-energy parts of
equipment, circuits powered by regulated low-voltage sources, and
electronics.
• Installation Category II is for measurements performed on circuits
directly connected to the electrical distribution system. This category
refers to local-level electrical distribution, such as that provided by a
standard wall outlet (for example, 115 V for U.S. or 230 V for Europe).
Examples of Installation Category II are measurements performed on
household appliances, portable tools, and similar product.
• Installation Category III is for measurements performed in the building
installation at the distribution level. This category refers to
measurements on hard-wired equipment such as equipment in fixed
installations, distribution boards, and circuit breakers. Other examples
are wiring, including cables, bus-bars, junction boxes, switches,
socket-outlets in the fixed installation, and stationary motors with
permanent connections to fixed installations.
• Installation Category IV is for measurements performed at the primary
electrical supply installation (<1,000V). Examples include electricity
meters and measurements on primary overcurrent protection devices
and on ripple control units.
NI 653X User Manual 1-12 ni.com
Using Your NI 653X
To begin using your NI 653X, navigate this chapter in the following order:
1. Use the table below to choose the correct mode of operation.
2. Follow the instructions for the application you want to perform.
3. Refer to pinout diagrams in Appendix C, Connecting Signals with
Accessories, when you are ready to connect your devices and/or
accessories.
Tip Refer to the glossary for definitions of DIO terms used throughout this chapter.
Choosing the Correct Mode for Your Application
Use the following table to find the correct mode for your application:
Application Requirements Suggested Mode
2
I need to perform basic digital I/O that does not need hardware timing or
handshaking between the NI 653X and the peripheral device.
I want to individually configure the direction of each bit instead of in
groups of eight.
I want to connect two or more output drivers/pins to the same line. Unstrobed output with
I want to start and/or stop acquiring data upon a trigger and/or to transfer
data at timed intervals.
I need to communicate with an external device using an exchange of
signals to request and acknowledge each data transfer.
I want the NI 653X to capture input data only when certain lines change
states.
I want to monitor activity on input lines without continuously polling or
transferring unnecessary data during periods of inactivity.
© National Instruments Corporation 2-1 NI 653X User Manual
Unstrobed I/O
Unstrobed I/O
open collector driver
Pattern I/O
Handshaking I/O—
Select appropriate
protocol
Change Detection
Change Detection
Chapter 2 Using Your NI 653X
Controlling and Monitoring Static Digital
Lines—Unstrobed I/O
This section explains how to control and monitor static digital lines through
software-timed reads and writes to and from the digital lines of your
NI 653X.
Configuring Digital Lines
For unstrobed I/O, the direction of each of the 32 data lines is individually
configurable. You can configure each data line as one of the following:
• Input
• Standard output
• Open-collector output
Standard Output
A standard driver drives its output pin to approximately 0 V for logic low,
or +5 V for logic high. Using a standard output driver has the following
advantages:
• It does not require pull-up resistors.
• It is independent of the state of the DPULL line, which selects whether
the 653X pulls the data lines high or low when undriven.
• It has high current drive for both its logic high and logic low states.
• It can drive high-speed transitions in both the high-to-low and
low-to-high directions.
Open-Collector Output
An open-collector output driver drives its output pin to 0 V for logic low.
For logic high, the output driver assumes a high-impedance state and does
not drive a voltage. To pull the pin to +5 V for logic high, a pull-up resistor
is required.
To provide a pull-up resistor, you can do one of the following things:
• Connect the DPULL pin on the I/O connector to the +5 V pin. This
provides 100 kΩ pull-up resistors on all data lines. For more
information about CPULL and DPULL, refer to the Power-On State
section of Appendix D, Hardware Considerations.
• Add a resistor to your circuit at the DUT.
NI 653X User Manual 2-2 ni.com
Using the open-collector driver has the following advantages:
• It connects two or more open-collector outputs together without
damaging the drivers.
• It connects open collector outputs to open-collector drivers, to GND
signals, or to switches connecting to GND signals, without damaging
the drivers.
• It uses open collector outputs bidirectionally; if you connect
open-collector outputs together, you can read back the value of a pin to
determine if any connected outputs are logic low.
Using Control Lines as Extra Unstrobed Data Lines
The NI 653X has two timing controllers (Group 1 and Group 2) for
high-speed data transfer. Each group contains four control lines which can
time the input/output of data with hardware precision. You can use Groups
1 and 2 to perform the following actions:
• Generate or receive digital patterns and waveforms at regular intervals
or timed by an external TTL signal
• Transfer data between two devices using one of six configurable
handshaking protocols
• Acquire digital data every time the state of a data line changes
Chapter 2 Using Your NI 653X
Note If you configure either group to perform handshaking I/O or pattern I/O, the
associated timing control lines for that group are not available for unstrobed I/O.
If you are not using Group 1 and/or Group 2 as timing controllers to
perform pattern I/O or handshaking I/O, you can use their control lines as
extra data lines. These lines constitute Port 4. The direction and output
driver type of these lines are not configurable—four lines are used as input
only and four are used as standard output only. Even though there are eight
actual lines, the port width for Port 4 is 4 bits. In software, these lines are
collectively referred to as Port 4. When writing to Port 4, the output lines
are affected; and when reading from Port 4, the input lines are read.
Table 2-1 displays how Port 4 lines are organized.
© National Instruments Corporation 2-3 NI 653X User Manual
Chapter 2 Using Your NI 653X
Connecting Signals
Table 2-1. Port 4 Lines
Direction Line I/O Pins
Input 0 STOPTRIG 1
1 STOPTRIG 2
2 REQ 1
3 REQ 2
Output (standard) 0 PCLK 1
1 PCLK 2
2 ACK 1
3 ACK 2
Connect digital input signals to the I/O connector using the pinout
diagrams, Figure C-1, NI 653X I/O Connector 68-Pin Assignments, and
Figure C-2, 68-to-50-Pin Adapter Pin Assignments.
Creating a Program
Using the following flowcharts as a guide, create a program to perform
unstrobed I/O. Figure 2-1 displays a flowchart for C programming using
NI-DAQ, and Figure 2-2 shows a LabVIEW programming flowchart.
The boxes represent function names for the appropriate software, and the
diamonds represent decision points.
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Chapter 2 Using Your NI 653X
DIG_Prt_Config
Read?
DIG_Out_prtDIG_In_prt
Done?
No
Only One
Line?
NoYe s
No
Ye s
DIG_Line_Config
Read?
DIG_Out_LineDIG_In_Line
Done?
Figure 2-1. Programming Unstrobed I/O in NI-DAQ
Ye s N o
Single Line?
NoYe s
No
Read from
Digital Line VI
Write to
Digital Line VI
Read from
Digital Port VI
Write to
Digital Port VI
Figure 2-2. Programming Unstrobed I/O in LabVIEW/LabVIEW RT
Programming the Control/Timing Lines as Extra Unstrobed Data Lines
To use the control/timing lines as extra unstrobed data lines:
• NI-DAQ C Interface—If both sets of control/timing lines are available,
call
DIG_In_Prt or DIG_Out_Prt and set Port Number to 4. If both
sets of control/timing lines are not available, use
DIG_Out_Line to individually read or write to the appropriate
control/timing lines.
© National Instruments Corporation 2-5 NI 653X User Manual
DIG_In_Line and
Chapter 2 Using Your NI 653X
• LabVIEW—Use the Easy Digital I/O VI from the following list that is
appropriate for your task:
– Read from Digital Line VI to read from a single line
– Write to Digital Line VI to write to a single line
– Read from Digital Port VI to read from a digital port
– Write to Digital Port VI to write to a digital port
Set digital channel to
If one control/timing line is used or reserved, and you wish to use some or
all of the remaining lines for I/O, use the Advanced Digital I/O VIs
DIO Port Read VI or DIO Port Write VI. Set the bits in the line mask
parameter to the lines to use for I/O.
4 and port width to 4.
Generating and Receiving Digital Patterns and
Waveforms—Pattern I/O
Using pattern I/O, you can acquire or generate patterns on every rising or
falling edge of a clock signal. The clock signal can be generated internally
by an onboard 32-bit counter set to a user-specified frequency, or the clock
signal can be received from the REQ pin in the I/O connector.
Note Feed external clocking signals into the PCLK pin for burst-mode handshaking and
into the REQ pin when performing pattern I/O.
Deciding the Width of Data to Transfer
You can choose between a width of 8, 16, or 32 bits. Use the following
table to find the valid combinations of ports and timing controllers based
on the width of data you want to transfer.
Table 2-2. Port and Timing Controller Combinations
Transfer
Width
8 bits Port 0 (DIOA<0..7>) Group 1
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Possible Port
Combinations
Port 2 (DIOC<0..7>) Group 2
Timing Controllers
That Can Be Used
Chapter 2 Using Your NI 653X
Table 2-2. Port and Timing Controller Combinations (Continued)
Transfer
Width
16 bits Port 0, Port 1 Group 1
Port 2, Port 3 Group 2
32 bits Port 0, Port 1, Port 2, Port 3 Group 1
Possible Port
Combinations
Deciding Transfer Direction
You can choose to send data from your NI 653X to the peripheral device
(output) or from the peripheral device to your NI 653X (input).
Choosing an Internal or External REQ Source
In pattern I/O, the NI 653X acquires/generates data on every falling or
rising edge (programmable) of the REQ signal. The REQ signal can be
generated internally or based on the clock of a peripheral device. An
example of using external REQ is sharing a sample clock of an analog input
device so you can synchronize the analog and digital operations.
Reversing the REQ Polarity
By default, data from an external REQ source is transferred on the rising
edge of the signal and on the falling edge of the internal REQ source. You
can reverse the REQ polarity by using the following functions:
• NI-DAQ C interface—Specify the REQ polarity in
before calling
• LabVIEW—Specify the REQ polarity with the request polarity
parameter in the Digital Mode Config VI, which is called by
DIO Config VI.
DIG_Block_PG_Config.
Timing Controllers
That Can Be Used
DIG_Group_Mode
Note For more information on LabVIEW VIs and NI-DAQ functions, consult the
LabVIEW Help and the NI-DAQ Function Reference Help.
Refer to Table C-1, NI 653X I/O Connector 68-Pin Assignments, for an
overview of all control/timing trigger lines.
© National Instruments Corporation 2-7 NI 653X User Manual
Chapter 2 Using Your NI 653X
Specifying the Transfer Rate
If you are internally generating the REQ signal, you must specify the data
transfer rate. The transfer rate is specified in software by using two
parameters, the timebase frequency and timebase divisor:
transfer rate (Hz)
where
timebase frequency = 20 MHz, 10 MHz, 1 MHz, 100 kHz, 10 kHz,
1 kHz, or 100 Hz, and
timebase divisor = an integer between 1 and 65,355.
For example, if you specify a timebase of 100 kHz and a timebase divisor
of 25, the resulting acquisition/generation rate would be 4 kHz because
100 kHz/25 = 4 kHz.
Note If you are using a version of NI-DAQ prior to version 6.8, the minimum value for
timebase divisor is 2.
Note In LabVIEW, you can specify the transfer rate directly using Digital Clock
Config VI (called by DIO Start VI). The software chooses the closest transfer rate by
selecting the frequency and divisor. To see the actual transfer rate, create an indicator at the
actual clock frequency output of Digital Clock Config VI.
timebase frequency
----------------------------------------------=
timebase divisor
Starting and Stopping Data Transfer—Triggering
By default, data transfer starts upon a software command (the Digital
Buffer Control VI called by the DIO Start VI in LabVIEW and the
DIG_Block_In and DIG_Block_Out functions in NI-DAQ C interface).
However, you can use a hardware trigger to start, stop, or start and stop data
transfer. Trigger signals should be connected as inputs to the ACK1 and/or
ACK2 lines while in pattern I/O mode.
Note The NI 653X supports triggering only in pattern I/0 mode. In handshaking mode,
you cannot use triggering because the handshaking lines are used to start and stop the data
transfer.
Start Trigger
A start trigger is a trigger that initiates a pattern I/O upon receipt of a
hardware trigger on the ACK (STARTTRIG) pin.
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Chapter 2 Using Your NI 653X
ACK (STARTTRIG)
REQ
Posttrigger Data
Figure 2-3. Starting Data Transfer Using a Trigger
Stop Trigger
When you use a stop trigger, data transfer starts upon a software command.
Then, once a hardware trigger is received on the STOPTRIG pin, a
predetermined amount of pretrigger and posttrigger data is saved in the
buffer. Once this data is in the buffer, transfer stops. If the stop trigger
arrives before all the pretrigger data is acquired, NI-DAQ returns an error.
STOPTRIG
REQ
Pretrigger Data
Figure 2-4. Stopping Data Transfer Using a Trigger
Posttrigger Data
Start and Stop Trigger
When you use a start and stop trigger, data transfer starts upon receiving a
trigger on the start trigger line (ACK/STARTTRIG pin) and ends upon
receiving a trigger on the stop trigger line (STOPTRIG pin), and a
predetermined amount of pretrigger and posttrigger data is saved in the
buffer. If the device receives a stop trigger before a start trigger, the stop
trigger is ignored. If the stop trigger arrives before all the pretrigger data is
acquired, NI-DAQ returns an error.
© National Instruments Corporation 2-9 NI 653X User Manual
Chapter 2 Using Your NI 653X
ACK (STARTTRIG)
STOPTRIG
REQ
Pretrigger Data Posttrigger Data
Figure 2-5. Using a Start and Stop Trigger
Pattern-Matching Trigger (Input Only)
Instead of using an external signal on the start/stop trigger pins on the
I/O connector, you may start or stop (not both) an operation once a
user-specified digital pattern is matched or not matched.
Specify four parameters to set up a pattern-matching trigger:
• Whether it is a start or stop trigger
• The data pattern to be detected/matched
• The mask, which selects the bits of interest for pattern comparison
(0 for bits not of interest)
• The polarity (whether to trigger on data that matches or mismatches
the specified pattern)
For example, if you want to start acquisition when the two least significant
bits of your data are 1 and 0, you would specify your trigger parameters to
match those in Figure 2-6.
Pattern to Detect
Mask
Polarity
Figure 2-6. Pattern-Matching Trigger Example
To prevent a transient data value during line switching from falsely causing a match,
Tip
XXXXXX1 0
00000011
Postive: Search for Match
set a valid pattern for at least 60 ns to guarantee detection. In addition, keep glitches to less
than 20 ns to guarantee rejection.
NI 653X User Manual 2-10 ni.com
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