Murata Electronics North America XDM2510 User Manual

IC Radio Standards Specification: RSS-210

ACS Report Number: 11-0034.W06.11.A

Model: XDM2510HP, XDM2510HC

Certification Exhibit

FCC ID: HSW-XDM2510

IC: 4492A-XDM2510

FCC Rule Part: 15.247

Manufacturer: RFM/Cirronet

Manual

5015 B.U. Bowman Drive Buford, GA 30518 USA Voice: 770-831-8048 Fax: 770-831-8598

XDM2510H Ultra Low Power

RF Transceiver Module

Integration Guide

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Important Regulatory Information

RFM Product FCC ID: HSW-XDM2510

IC: 4492A-XDM2510

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,

pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

Warning: Changes or modifications to this device not expressly approved by RFM could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

RF Exposure Information: For mobile operating conditions (>20 cm to the body): This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.

This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20 cm between the radiator and your body. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.

For mobile operating conditions, the XDM2510H has been designed to operate with dipole antennas of up to 12 dBi of gain, or patch antennas of up to 12 dBi gain. Antenna types not included in this list, having a gain greater than the maximum gain indicated for that type, are strictly prohibited for use with this device.

RFM OMNI2412 Omnidirectional Dipole Antenna, 12 dBi, 50 ohms RFM PA2412 Patch Antenna, 12 dBi, 50 ohms

See Section 7.7 of this manual for additional regulatory notices and labeling requirements.

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Table of Contents

1.0 System Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 4

2.0 Network Capabilities .............................................................................................................................. 4

2.1 Ultra Reliable Data Communications .............................................................................................. 5

2.2 Ultra Low Power Consumption ........................................................................................................ 5

3.0 Example Applications ............................................................................................................................. 6

4.0 System Specifications ............................................................................................................................ 6

5.0 Design Resources .................................................................................................................................. 7

5.1 XDM2510H Integration Guide .......................................................................................................... 7

5.2 XDM2510H Data Sheet .................................................................................................................... 7

5.3 XG2510HE SmartMesh-XD Gateway Hardware and Configuration Guide ..................................... 7

5.4 XG2510HE SmartMesh-XD Gateway XML API Guide .................................................................... 7

5.5 XG2510HE SmartMesh-XD Gateway Serial API Guide ................................................................... 8

5.6 XG2510HE and XDM2510H Utility Programs .................................................................................. 8

6.0 Network Operation Overview ................................................................................................................. 8

7.0 Hardware Integration .............................................................................................................................. 9

7.1 Host PCB Installation ....................................................................................................................... 9

7.2 Power Supply Requirements ........................................................................................................... 9

7.3 ESD and Transient Protection ......................................................................................................... 9

7.4 Antenna Options .............................................................................................................................. 9

7.5 Host Processor Interface ............................................................................................................... 10

7.6 Field Enclosures ............................................................................................................................ 11

7.7 Labeling and Notices ..................................................................................................................... 11

8.0 Network Installation and Maintenance ................................................................................................. 12

8.1 Estimating and Planning a Network .............................................................................................. 12

8.2 Installing a Network ....................................................................................................................... 14

8.3 Testing Network Connectivity ........................................................................................................ 18

8.4 Network Maintenance .................................................................................................................... 18

9.0 XDM2510HDK Development Kit .......................................................................................................... 19

9.1 Development Kit Default Set Up .................................................................................................... 20

9.2 Development Kit Set Up Options ................................................................................................... 24

9.3 XDM Console and XDM Utility Programs ...................................................................................... 24

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1.0 System Introduction

Congratulations on your purchase of the RFM XDM2510H Development Kit. The XDM2510H tran sceiver module provides ultra low power consumption while delivering ultra reliable date communications. Comprising the combination of an 802.15.4 low power radio with Time Synchr onized Mesh Protocol (TSMP), the XDM2510H transceiver module along with the XG2510HE network gateway/manager create a wireless mesh network that provides frequency hopping and redundant paths for robust RF performance and intelligent network management that allows all nodes to minimi ze power consumption. The result is a wireless communication system with the reliability of much more power hungry radios with the power consumption that allows all nodes to be battery powered for years.

2.0 Network Capabilities

Wireless sensor networks built on the XDM2510H module and XG2510HE gateway provide a host of capabilities that are rarely found together. A sample of the capabilities includes:

 Ultra low power consumption allowing battery-powered operation for more than 10 years  Ultra reliable wireless data communications delivering better than 99.9% data reliability in

real-world, high multi-path environments

 Totally self-forming, self-healing  Redundant path architecture allowing each node to have at least two nodes through which to

send data to the gateway

 Frequency hopping technology that provides immunity from multi-path fading and

interference

 Advanced network management features that continuously monitors channel performance

between pairs of nodes, black-listing channels that demonstrate unacceptable performance and white-listing them when their performance improves

 Single node type that can perform end node and router functions  Sleeping routing nodes allowing all nodes to be battery-powered  Support for up to 250 nodes per gateway  Support for redundant gateway  Ability to co-locate multiple networks due to the frequency hopping technology employed

Local communication with the XDM2510H module takes place through a serial port connection. The connection can be configured to use or ignore flow control signals. The module is designed to communicate with a sensor processor or microcontroller which will provide sensor data in the form of a serial data stream. The XG2510HE gateway supports communications through a standard 10/ 100BaseT Ethernet connection plus both RS-232 and half-duplex RS-485 serial connections. The Ethernet connection supports both an XML-based API and a binary API. The serial ports support the binary API.

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2.1 Ultra Reliable Data Communications

An XDM2510H network is able to deliver data reliability far better than other mesh network technologies due to four attributes: Mesh Networking, Frequency Hopping, Path Redundancy and Dynamic Path Assessment. While other technologies may have one or more of these attributes, an XDM network provides all four.

Mesh Networking contributes to data reliability by limiting the distance nodes must transmit. The shorter the distance, the less the susceptibility to interference and multi-path fading.

Frequency Hopping contributes to reliability by providing multiple frequencies over which data is sent. This combats both interference and multi-path fading as both of those affects impacts certain frequencies more than others. And since the affected frequencies change over time, frequency hopping is cycling through the entire spectrum all the time and will find clear frequencies.

Path Redundancy is achieved by maintaining at least two independent paths between each XDM2510H transceiver and the gateway. If a blockage or failure occurs on one path, communications automatically switch to an alternate path.

Dynamic Path Assessment is achieved by continuously monitoring channel performance between pairs of nodes. Channels that demonstrate unacceptable performance are temporarily black-listed to minimize battery power usage and unnecessary transmission delays. Black-listed channels are periodically tested and white-listed when their performance improves.

2.2 Ultra Low Power Consumption

XDM2510H networks use a combination of precise timing and innovative network management to provide an ultra power efficient system. The advanced 802.15.4 radio design used in the XDM2510 H u se s 80% less power during receive than conventional 802.15.4 technology.

All nodes in an XDM2510H network can both route and sleep. The XDM2510H network management scheme assigns each node times when they can transmit and times when other nodes can transmit to them. Nodes do not have to wake up frequently in case another node needs to send data to it. Since the nodes know the times that another node can transmit to them, they only wake a brief period of time before that time to be prepared for a transmission. If they don’t receive any transmission within a short window of time from when the transmitting node should begin transmitting, the node will return to sleep. This avoids wasting energy if a node has nothing to transmit.

Even though the XDM2510H network uses Frequency Hopping technology, because of the precise timing, when a node is due to wake up, it knows on what frequency to listen. Typical frequency hopping systems do not maintain the same precision in timing and therefore must search to find the frequency currently being used. This additional time to re-synchronized with the network consumes power.

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3.0 Example Applications

XDM2510H networks are especially well suited to applications where high communication reliability and long battery life are important, but where network traffic is relatively low and some data transmission latency is acceptable. There are many applications that match these criteria, including:

 Building Monitoring and Control  Machine Health Monitoring  Structural Integrity Monitoring  Energy Management  Asset Management  Temperature Monitoring  Urban Infrastructure Monitoring  Agricultural/Forestry Sensor Networks

4.0 System Specifications

XDM2510H system specifications are provided in the following table:

System Characteristic Specification

Network Components XDM2510H transceiver module, XG2510HE gateway

Network Size up to 250 field (sensor) nodes Network Creation and Maintenance self configuring, self healing mesh RF Transmission Mode IEEE 802.15.4, 250 kb/s Interference and Multipath Mitigation channel hopping, 15 channels Open Field Range 250 meters/hop typical

Routing possible through any node Routing Methodology Time Synchronized Mesh Protocol (TSMP) Messaging Modes command-response and event messages Encryption set by Join key Node Power Management set by the TSMP frame report interval ACK Mechanism hop-by-hop ACK, supplemented by optional

end-to-end ACK XDM2510H Application Interface serial binary API (UART)

XG2510HE Application Interfaces XML-RPC API (10/100BaseT Ethernet) and

serial binary API (RS232/485)

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5.0 Design Resources

RFM provides an extensive set of resources to support XDM2510H application development, starting with the XDM2510HDK development kit, which includes an XG2510HE gateway, four XDM2510H development boards and related accessories. Information on the XDM2510HDK is included in the kit Quick Start Guide and in Section 9 of this document. In addition to this Integration Guide, there are four other documents that provide technical information on the XDM2510H transceiver module and the XG2510HE gateway, as discussed below. Utility programs are also included with the development kit to support communications with the transceiver module and the gateway. RFM’s field applications engineering staff and factory technical support staff are also available to answer technical questions for customers designing XDM2510H network application s.

5.1 Integration Guide

This Integration Guide provides you with the information you need to successfully integrate the XDM2510H into your product. In addition, information is provided to help you understand how SmartMesh-XD technology works and how you can use the configuration settings to optimize the network performance and behavior for your particular application.

Each XDM2510H network requires an XG2510HE gateway. RFM has created separate manuals that detail the gateway hardware, configuration and application program interfaces (APIs), as discussed below. This manual contains only the gateway information needed to understand network operation and any impact it has on module integration. The XG2510HE gateway documents are included on the same CD as the Integration Guide.

5.2 XDM2510H Data Sheet

The XDM2510H Data Sheet includes a summary key features, RF, antenna, electrical and mechani cal specifications, module pinout and hardware interface details including serial port modes and timing information, plus the XDM2510H application programming interface (API) details incl uding parameter definitions, command-response formats with example packets.

5.3 XG2510HE SmartMesh-XD Gateway

Hardware and Configuration Guide

The XG2510HE SmartMesh-XD Gateway Hardware and Configuration Guide include s an overview of SmartMesh-XD network and gateway operation, RF, antenna, electrical and mechanical specifications, XG2510HE installation and configuration details, Ethernet and serial port information, and a discussion of the Admin Toolset configuration utility.

5.4 XG2510HE SmartMesh-XD Gateway XML API Guide

The XG2510HE SmartMesh-XD Gateway XML API Guide presents the details of the XG2510HE XMLRPC interface, including logging in/out of the control channel, subscribing to the notification channel, details of the configuration schema and notification schema, a discussion of the API commands, code examples and related information for the XML application developer.

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5.5 XG2510HE SmartMesh-XD Gateway Serial API Guide

The XG2510HE SmartMesh-XD Gateway Serial API Guide presents the details of the serial API including packet formats, packet processing, data types, byte ordering, API commands, notification packets, establishing a session and related information for the serial API application developer.

5.6 XG2510HE and XDM2510H Utility Programs

Two utility programs including C++ source code are provided in the XDM2510HDK development kit. The xdmconsole.exe utility communicates with the XG2510HE gateway though the XML-RPC interface over an Ethernet connection. The xdmutility.exe program communicates with the XDM2510H module through its serial interface. Both program can run simultaneously on a PC equipped with both an Ethernet and a serial port. The operational details of these program are presented in Section 9 of this Guide.

6.0 Network Operation Overview

An example XDM2510H network is shown in Figure 6.0.1. The network consists of an XG2510HE gateway and up to 250 XDM2510H-based sensor nodes (field nodes). The gateway consists of a SmartMesh-XD™ radio and a single-board Linux computer. The gateway incorporates the XDM25 10H network manager function and provides the application interfaces. The gateway includes an Ethernet port that supports XML-based network commands, and two active RS232 serial ports that support binary string network commands, diagnostics, etc.

X D M 2 5 1 0 H N e t w o r k

X D M 2 5 1 0 H

S e n s o r N o d e 1

X G 2 5 1 0 H E

N e t w o r k M a n a g e r

X D M 2 5 1 0 H

S e n s o r N o d e 2

X D M 2 5 1 0 H

S e n s o r N o d e 3

Figure 6.0.1

SmartMesh-XD™ traffic is organized in to TDMA frames consisting of 31.25 ms time slots. The gateway assigns time slots to each XDM2510H node in the network, and then maintains a precise report interval (frame-to-frame period) to provide a highly synchronized network. Network operation also hops from channel to channel in a pseudorandom pattern to mitigate the effects of multipath fading and narrowband interference. The gateway monitors performance on each channel and will temporarily discontinue the use of a channel that is showing poor performance statistics.

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X D M 2 5 1 0 H

S e n s o r N o d e 4

X D M 2 5 1 0 H

S e n s o r N o d e 5

Mesh networking allows traffic to be passed from sensor node to sensor node so that messages can be delivered to and from sensor nodes that can not communicate directly with the gateway. At least two paths are maintained by the network for communication between each field node and the gateway. As needed, a new paths will be automatically established to replace a failing paths to maintain network performance.

7.0 Hardware Integration

XDM2510H transceiver modules provide wireless connectivity to a sensor network. XDM2510Hs are integrated with other components to create sensor nodes (field nodes). These components include a host circuit board, a power supply (battery), a microcontroller with sensor I/O electronics, an antenna and a housing, as discussed below.

7.1 Host Circuit Board Installation

XDM2510H modules are available in two mechanical configurations, XDM2510HC and XDM2510HP. XDM2510HC modules are installed on their host circuit board by reflow soldering. XDM2510HP modules are installed by plugging their pins into a set of connectors on the host circuit board. Refer to Section 10 of the XDM2510H Data Sheet for the mechanical specifications of the XDM2510HC and XDM2510HP.

7.2 Power Supply Requirements

XDM2510H radio modules can operated from an unregulated DC input in the range of 3.3 (trough) to 5.5 V (peak) with a maximum ripple of 5% over the temperature range of -40 to 85 C. Applying AC, reverse

DC, or a DC voltage outside the range given above can cau se d amage and/or create a fire and safety hazard. Further, care must be taken so logic inputs applied to the radio stay within the voltage range of 0 to 3.3 V.

7.3 ESD and Transient Protection

XDM2510H modules are electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitive. ESD precautions must be observed when handling and installing these components. Installations must be protected from electrical transients on the power supply and I/O lines. This is especially important in outdoor installations, and/or where connections are made to sensors with long leads. Inadequate transient protection can result in damage and/or create a fire and safety hazard.

7.4 Antenna Options

Two types of antennas are included in the XDM2510HDK for use with the XDM2510H module - a 6 dBi directional patch antenna (RFM part number PA2400) and a 2 dBi omni-directional dipole ant enna (RFM part number RWA249R), as shown in Figures 7.4.1 and 7.4.2 respectively. The XDM2510H module has been certified for operation with either of these antennas. The patch antenna is usually placed inside a plastic enclosure with the XDM2510H and its host circuit board. The main lobe of the patch antenna pattern is in front of the white face. The dipole antenna can be mounted inside a plastic enclosure, or externally on a plastic or metal enclosure. The dipole does not require a metal ground plane for operation.

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A U.FL miniature coaxial connector is the RF connection point on the XDM2510HC and on the XDM2510HP. A short coaxial jumper cable should be used between the U.FL connector on the XDM2510H and the host circuit board or antenna. Care must be taken not to preset a VSWR greater than 3:1 to the XDM2510H module.

7.5 Host Processor Interface

Figure 7.4.1 Figure 7.4.2

As shown in Figure 7.5.1, each sensor node consists of an XDM2510H transceiver module and a host microcontroller with sensor I/O electronics (sensor processor). The host microcontroller communicates with the XDM2510H radio module on a serial interface (UART) using binary command and response strings as discussed in Section 9 of the XDM2510H Data Sheet, with additional examples in Section 9.3 of this guide. It is critical that the microcontroller and related electronics be inherently low current devices to achieve long battery life. As detailed in Section 8.4 XDM2510H Data Sheet, the XDM2510H can maintain network communication while the microcontroller is in sleep mode, and provide a wake up signal, /MT_RTS to the processor when action from it is required.

T y p i c a l X D M 2 5 1 0 H A p p l i c a t i o n

/ L E D

R X

A n a l o g a n d / o r

X D M 2 5 1 0 H

T X

/ M T _ R T S

/ S P _ C T S

/ M T _ C T S

/ T I M E

H o s t

M i c r o c o n t r o l l e r

a n d

S e n s o r

I / O

D i g i t a l I n p u t s

A n a l o g a n d / o r D i g i t a l O u t p u t s

Figure 7.5.1

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7.6 Field Enclosures

XDM2510H-based field nodes can be mounted in either plastic or metal enclosures, depending on the antenna used. The PA2400 patch antenna is for internal mounting, and the RWA249R can be mounted either internally or externally. When an internal antenna is used, the enclosure must be made of a plastic with low RF loss at 2.4 GHz. When a metal enclosure is used, the RWA249R dipole antenna must be mounted externally. Vertical antenna polarization is recommended. The patch antenna is vertically polarized when the long dimension is horizontal. The dipole antenna is vertically polarized when the dipole is mounted vertically. Outdoor enclosures must be water tight, such as a NEMA 4X enclosure s.

7.7 Labeling and Notices

Labeling:

A clearly visible label is required on the outside of the user’s (OEM) enclosure stating the following: ”Contains FCC ID: HSW-XDM2510”

”Contains IC: 4492A-XDM2510”

Notices: WARNING: This device operates under Part 15 of the FCC rules. Any modification to this device, not

expressly authorized by RFM, Inc., may void the user’s authority to operate this device.

FCC NOTICE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

IC Notice - This device complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. Under Industry Canada regulations, this radio transmitter may only operate using an antenna of a type and maximum (or lesser) gain approved for the transmitter by Industry Canada. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equival ent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that necessary for successful communication.

This radio transmitter, IC: 4492A-XDM2510 has been approved by Industry Canada to operat e with the antenna types listed below with the maximum permissible gain and required antenna impedance for each antenna type indicated. Antenna types not included in this list, having a gain greater than the maximum gain indicated for that type, are strictly prohibited for use with this device.

RFM OMNI2412 Omnidirectional Dipole Antenna, 12 dBi, 50 ohms RFM PA2412 Patch Antenna, 12 dBi, 50 ohms

Canadian ICES-003 - This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the radio interference regulations of Industry Canada. Le present appareil numerique n’emet pas de bruits radioelectriqu es depassant les limites applicables aux appareils numeriques de Classe B prescrites dans le reglement sur le brouillage radioelectrique edicte par Industrie Canada.

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8.0 Network Installation and Maintenance

The self-forming, self healing capability of an XDM2510H network makes it tolerant of non-optimum installations. However, careful network planning in advance of installing an XDM2510H network will minimize installation problems, yield the longest battery life, minimize average message latency. RFM’s suggested XDM2510H network planning methodology is outlined below.

8.1 Estimating and Planning a Network

To estimate the number of field nodes required for the network, gather the following information:

Confirm Antenna Gain - XDM2510H field nodes are usually equipped with either the RWA249R 2 dBi omni-directional dipole antenna or the PA2400 6 dBi directional patch antenna. The vertical dipole antenna has the advantage that it radiates a circular field strength pattern when viewed from overhea d (assuming no interaction with RF obstructions or reflectors), so it can communicate in any horizontal direction. The patch antenna provides about 50% more range than the dipole antenna in a ± 45 degree pattern directly in front of the antenna (white face), but with poor range in other directions. Installations can include field nodes using both antenna types.

Prepare a site floor plan - prepare a site floor plan (map) showing the location of each sensor point and the type of sensor. If the network will span multiple floors, prepare a plan for each floor.

Locate any RF barriers - identify on the floor plan any site features, such as heavy machinery, concrete walls, large appliances, or metal structures, which could constitute a major radio frequency (RF) barrie r.

Locate LAN and AC power access points - mark the location of all LAN and AC power access points that are in or near the area to be covered by the network.

Gateway redundancy - assess the risk of power outages and/or LAN subnet failures in order to determine if redundant gateways are advisable.

Mark the location to install each XDM2510H transceiver node on the floor plan. Several sensors in the same area can be connected to one XDM2510H node if the host circuit board has ad equate inputs/outputs. Number the XDM2510H nodes to distinguish them from the sensor points.

If possible, choose a location for the XG2510HE gateway that is close to the highest concentration of XDM2510H nodes or near multiple clusters of XDM2510H nodes. This placement reduces the number of nodes needed as signal repeaters and minimizes system latency. The location you choose must have an AC outlet and LAN access. If redundant gateways are planned, the backup gateway must have access to the same LAN as the primary gateway and be within six feet (2 meters) of the primary gateway. Mark the location of the gateway(s) on the floor plan. If redundant gateways are planned, indicate which is to be the backup gateway.

Next, determine XDM2510H node-to-node operating range taking into consideration the RF barriers and other environmental factors at the site, such as other wireless systems, densely stocked shelving, high traffic areas etc., that can interfere with node-to-node communications. Refer to the data below to determine the node-to-node range using dipole antennas. For communication between a dipole antenna and a directional patch antenna, assume 150% of the range given below. For communication between

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two directional patch antennas, use twice the numbers given below. These ranges will apply to most nodes in the network.

Light commercial building (dry wall, cubicle walls, many occupants): 82 ft or 25 m Industrial or concrete commercial building (concrete walls, heavy machinery): 33 ft or 10 m Outdoor unobstructed open field (heavy precipitation is not a factor for outdoor range): 820 ft or 250 m

Identify any nodes with exceptional environmental factors that could effect node-to-node range. On the floor plan, find the nodes that are within line-of-sight of another or are located next to an obstacle or machinery. Using the data below, mark the node-to-node range next to these nodes on the floor plan.

Node located within line-of-sight of another node, with six ft (2 m) vertical clearance above and below the line of sight: 115 ft or 35 m Node located next to an obstacle or machinery: 26 ft or 8 m

Use the floor plan and a compass to verify that each XDM2510H nodes will be within range of at least three other nodes or the gateway. Add nodes where needed to function as signal repeaters. Remember where a directional patch antenna is used, its pattern is limited to a ±45 degree arc.

Based on the scale of the floor plan, set the radius of a drafting compass to the shortest node-to-node range you identified above. Look for nodes that have the shortest node-to-node range and draw a circle around each of them on the floor plan. Verify that each circle contains at least three other nodes. If a node does not have three neighbors, add a signal repeater node between the problem node and its nearest neighbor, in the area where the circles around these nodes overlap. Mark the position of the new repeater node on the floor plan and indicate that it is a repeater. Draw a circle around the repeater mote to verify that it is within range of three nodes.

Repeat the steps in the paragraph above for nodes with the next larger range, drawing circles around the nodes and adding nodes where needed as signal repeaters. Continue repeating the steps until the nodes with the longest range have been mapped.

Draw a range circle around the gateway and verify the circle contains at least three XDM2510H nodes. If the gateway does not have three neighbors, follow the same process for the gateway as you did for the XDM2510H nodes without three neighbors - add a signal repeater node between the gateway and its nearest neighbor, and then make sure that the signal repeater is within range of three other nodes.

If redundant gateways are planned, repeat the paragraph above for the backup gateway. When you have completed your layout where the gateway and each field node has at least three neighbors you can size the network. Note: a network is defined as a Gateway(s) and up to 250 motes. Multiple networks may be deployed in the same area without affecting network integrity because you pre-configure each XDM2510H node to report to a specific gateway.

To size the network, count the number of nodes including the signal repeaters you marked on the floor plan. Multiply the number of nodes by 1.10 to provide a 10% margin for expansion, contingencies, etc. then determine the number of gateways required for the network. An XG2510HE gateway can support up to 250 XDM2510H field nodes. For example, if you estimate that 340 nodes are required , the installation will require two networks with about 170 field nodes in each network.

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To plan the network installation, the precise location of each field node and sensor must be determined. It is recommended that you document the details of each field node installation in a worksheet that technicians can use as a guide when installing the network.

On the floor plan, number each node. Record the following data in the worksheet for each node shown o n the floor plan:

The node number from the floor plan. For example, Field Node 50 A description of the location for the node. For example, NE utility closet, panel 5D. A description of each sensor to be connected to the node. For example, Veris H922 The location of each sensor connected to the node. For example, Phase 3 The range of each sensor connected to the node. For example, 0 - 100 A The field node I/O channel the sensor is connected to. For example, I/O channel 2 A place to record the MAC address of each XDM2510H field node

8.2 Installing a Network

Start by selecting the operating mode of the network. The XG2510HE gateway can be configured to operate the network in one of two modes - continuous mode or event-driven mode. The operating mode determines the number of links the gateway assigns for data transmission from the XDM2510H field nodes. A link contains timeslot and channel usage information that determines the time and frequency at which two field nodes can transmit information to each other. Choosing the appropriate operating mode is important because the number of link assignments is a factor in determining the network frame length. The number of link assignments also affects network performance attributes including data throughput capacity, battery life and data transmission latency. More links allows for higher data throughput, with a tradeoff of lower battery life and greater data transmission latency.

Continuous mode (default setting) assigns more links than the event-driven mode, and is approp riate for networks in which the data generation rate is expected to be constant for each field node and constant over time. If these conditions are present, continuous mode is best even if there are some event-driven nodes in the network. Event-driven mode assigns fewer links than continuous mode. This mo de is only appropriate for networks in which the amount of data generated is very small - especially if the data is event-based and it is likely that only be one packet will be in the network at a time. Figure 8.2.1 illustrates how the gateway assigns links depending on the operating mode.

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XDM2510H Integration Guide - 03/29/11

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