Murata Electronics North America XDM2140 Users Manual

IC Radio Standards Specification: RSS-210

ACS Report Number: 08-0352 - 15C

Certification Exhibit

FCC ID: HSW-XDM2140

IC: 4492A-XDM2140

FCC Rule Part: 15.247

Manufacturer: RFM / Cirronet Inc.

Model: XDM2140

Manual

5015 B.U. Bowman Drive Buford, GA 30518 USA Voice: 770-831-8048 Fax: [phone]

Intergration Guide

3079 Premiere Parkway, Suite 140

Duluth, GA 30097

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Important Regulatory Information

Cirronet DUST Network module

FCC ID: HSW-XDM2140

IC: 4492A-XDM2140

THIS DEVICE COMPLIES WITH PART 15 OF THE FCC RULES. OPERATION IS SUBJECT TO THE
FOLLOWING TWO CONDITIONS. (1) THIS DEVICE MAY NOT CAUSE HARMFUL INTERFERENCE,
AND (2) THIS DEVICE MUST ACCEPT ANY INTERFERENCE RECEIVED, INCLUDING
INTERFERENCE THAT MAY CAUSE UNDESIRED OPERATION.

This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

FCC User Information

“NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate
radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not
occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television
reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to
correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect equipment to an outlet on a circuit different in which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.”

Warning: Changes or modifications to this device not expressly approved by RFM Inc.

could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

RF Exposure

In accordance with FCC requirements of human exposure to radiofrequency fields, the radiating element
shall be installed such that a minimum separation distance of 20cm shall be maintained from the user
and/or general population.

Industry Canada

This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference Causing Equipment
Regulations. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may
cause undesired operation.

Cet appareillage numérique de la classe B répond à toutes les exigences de l'interférence canadienne
causant des règlements d'équipement. L'opération est sujette aux deux conditions suivantes: (1) ce
dispositif peut ne pas causer l'interférence nocive, et (2) ce dispositif doit accepter n'importe quelle
interférence reçue, y compris l'interférence qui peut causer l'opération peu désirée.

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“To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so
chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that permitted for
successful communication.”

“This device has been designed to operate with the antennas listed below, and having a maximum
gain of 12 dB. Antennas not included in this list or having a gain greater than 12 dB are strictly
prohibited for use with this device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms.”

RFM 12 dB Patch Antenna

RFM 9 dB Monopole Antenna

OEM Installation and Compliance Labeling

The XDM2140 module is labeled with its own FCC ID number, and, if the FCC ID is not visible when the module
is installed inside another device, then the outside of the device into which the module is installed must also display
a label referring to the enclosed transmitter module.

This exterior label can use wording such as the following:

“Contains Transmitter Module FCC ID: HSW-XDM2140” or

“Contains FCC ID: HSW-XDM2140”

Any similar wording that expresses the same meaning may be used. The Grantee may either provide such a label,
an example of which must be included in the application for equipment authorization, or, must provide adequate
instructions along with the module which explain this requirement. In the latter case, a copy of these instructions
must be included in the application for equipment authorization.

The antenna connections from the module to the certain antennas approved with this device are not unique and
require Professional installation.

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©2008 by RF Monolithics, Inc. E-mail: [e-mail] XDM2140 - 09/16/08

2.4 GHz

Product Overview

Based on DUST Networks’ SmartMesh-XD™ technology, RFM’s XDM2140
module is designed to provide excellent communications reliability and long
battery life in a wide range of sensor network applications. The XDM2140’s
combination of an IEEE802.15.4 transceiver and Time Synchronized Mesh
Protocol (TSMP) blends the reliability of self-organizing and self-healing mesh
networking with synchronized power duty cycling to achieve very long battery
life operation. The XDM2140 is tailored for use in battery and line powered
wireless devices for applications that require proven performance and
scalability. The multifunctional interface of the XDM2140 gives it the flexibility
to be used in a wide variety of applications, from energy management to
building control to machine health monitoring. The XDM2140 requires no
embedded programming, greatly reducing the development time and cost of a
wireless sensor network application. The XDM2140 is certified for unlicensed
operation in the USA, Canada and Europe. The XDM2140 complies with
Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS)

Pb

XDM2140

Ultra Low Power

Mesh

RF Transceiver

Module

Key Features

Ultra Low Power Consumption

• Innovative radio design consumes 80% less
power in receive mode than competing solutions

• Ultra-efficient power usage, enabled through
SmartMesh Intelligent Network management,
delivers over a decade of network operation on
two AA batteries

• Automatic network-wide coordination for
efficient power usage

Ultra Reliable Networking

• SmartMesh-XD™ protocol delivers greater
than 99.9% typical network reliability

• Frequency hopping provides interference
rejection and minimizes multipath fading

• Mesh networking provides built-in redundancy

• Every XDM2140 acts as both and endpoint and

a router, increasing network reliability with
mesh-to-the edge™

• Automatic self-organizing mesh networking
capability built in

Easy Integration

• XDM2140 provides all the module functionality
with no embedded programming or complex
configuration requirements

• XDM2140 interfaces is well designed and
multi-functional

• High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) serial
interface includes bi-directional flow control

• Industrial temperature range -40 to +85 °C

• XDM2140P version for plug in installation,

Applications

XDM2140C version for solder reflow

• Building Monitoring and Control

• Machine Health Monitoring

• Structural Integrity Monitoring

• Energy Management

• Asset Management

• Temperature Monitoring

• Urban Infrastructure Monitoring

• Agricultural/Forestry Sensor Networks

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Table of Contents

1.0 XDM2140 Introduction............................................................................................................................4

2.0 Absolute Maximum Ratings....................................................................................................................6

3.0 Normal Operating Conditions ................................................................................................................. 6

3.1 Current Consumption........................................................................................................................6

4.0 Electrical Specifications..........................................................................................................................7

4.1 Device Load ......................................................................................................................................7

4.2 Digital I/O Type 1 ..............................................................................................................................7

4.3 Digital I/O Type 2 ..............................................................................................................................7

5.0 RF Specifications ...................................................................................................................................8

5.1 Radio Specifications .........................................................................................................................8

5.2 Antenna Specifications .....................................................................................................................8

6.0 Module Pinout ........................................................................................................................................9

7.0 Boot Sequence ..................................................................................................................................... 10

8.0 Hardware Interfaces .............................................................................................................................10

8.1 /RESET IN .....................................................................................................................................10

8.2 /TIME .............................................................................................................................................10

8.3 /LED ...............................................................................................................................................11

8.4 Settable I/O Modes ........................................................................................................................11

8.4.1 Mode1 - Three/Four/Five-signal Serial Interface (9600 b/s) ................................................ 11

8.4.2 Mode 3 - Five-signal Serial Interface (9600 b/s) .................................................................. 12

8.4.3 UART Timing Values ............................................................................................................ 13

9.0 Command Set ......................................................................................................................................15

9.1 Command Data Types....................................................................................................................15

9.2 Command Format ...........................................................................................................................15

9.2.1 Command 0x80 - Serial Payload Sent to Serial Port ...........................................................16

9.2.2 Command 0x81 - Unacknowledged Serial Payload Received from Serial Port ..................16

9.2.3 Command 0x82 - Acknowledged Serial Payload Received from Serial Port.......................17

9.2.4 Command 0x84 - Time/State Packet ...................................................................................17

9.2.5 Commands 0x87 and 0x88 - Set Parameter Request/Response ........................................ 18

9.2.6 Commands 0x89 and 0x8A - Get Parameter Request/Response ....................................... 18

9.2.7 Command 0x8C - XDM2140 Information .............................................................................19

9.2.8 Command 0x8D - Reset XDM2140...................................................................................... 19

9.2.9 Command 0x09 - Deep Sleep.............................................................................................. 19

9.3 Get/Set Command Parameters .....................................................................................................20

9.3.1 Error Codes ..........................................................................................................................21

9.3.2 Parameter Type 0x01 - Network ID...................................................................................... 21

9.3.3 Parameter Type 0x02 - XDM2140 State ..............................................................................21

9.3.3.1 Configuration Change Flag (CCF) ..............................................................................23

9.3.4 Parameter Type 0x03 - Frame Length .................................................................................23

9.3.5 Parameter Type 0x04 - Join Key.......................................................................................... 23

9.3.6 Parameter Type 0x05 - Time/Status ....................................................................................24

9.3.7 Parameter Type 0x07 - XDM2140 Information .................................................................... 24

9.3.8 Parameter Type 0x08 - Power Amplifier ..............................................................................25

9.3.9 Parameter Type 0x0A - Charge Consumption .....................................................................26

9.3.10 Parameter Type 0x0B - Power Source ..............................................................................27

9.4 HDLC Packet Examples .................................................................................................................28

10.0 XDM2140 Outline Drawings ............................................................................................................... 31

10.1 XDM2140P Pinned Configuration.................................................................................................31

10.2 XDM2140C Castellated Pad Configuration ..................................................................................31

1.0 XDM2140 Introduction

X D M 2 1 4 0 N e t w o r k

N e t w o r k

G a t e w a y

X D M 2 1 4 0

S e n s o r
N o d e 3

X D M 2 1 4 0

S e n s o r
N o d e 5

X D M 2 1 4 0

S e n s o r
N o d e 2

X D M 2 1 4 0

S e n s o r
N o d e 4

X D M 2 1 4 0

S e n s o r
N o d e 1

RFM’s XDM2140 is a 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 radio module designed to provide excellent
communications reliability and long battery life in a wide range of sensor network applications. The
XDM2140 employs DUST Networks’ SmartMesh-XD™ technology which blends the reliability of self­organizing and self-healing mesh networking with synchronized power duty cycling to achieve very long
battery life operation. The XDM2140 is certified for unlicensed operation in the USA, Canada and
Europe. An example XDM2140 network is shown in Figure 1. The network consists of a Gateway and up
to 250 XDM2140-based Sensor Nodes. The Gateway consists of a SmartMesh-XD™ radio and a single­board Linux computer. The Gateway includes the XDM2140 network manager function and provides the
application interfaces. The Gateway includes an Ethernet port that supports XML-based network
commands, and two RS232 serial ports that support binary string network commands, diagnostics, etc.

Figure 1

SmartMesh-XD™ traffic is organized in to TDMA frames consisting of 31.25 ms time slots. The Gateway
assigns time slots to each XDM2140 node in the network, and then maintains a precise report interval
(frame-to-frame period) to provide a highly synchronized network. Network operation also hops from
channel to channel in a pseudorandom pattern to mitigate the effects of multipath fading and narrowband
interference. The Gateway monitors performance on each channel and will temporarily discontinue the
use of a channel that is showing poor performance statistics.

Mesh networking allows traffic to be passed from sensor node to sensor node so that messages can be
delivered to and from sensor nodes that can not communicate directly with the Gateway. At least two
paths are maintained by the network for communication between each field node and the Gateway. As
needed, a new paths will be automatically established to replace a failing paths to maintain network
performance.

As shown in Figure 2, each sensor node in the network consists of an XDM2140 radio module and a

X D M 2 1 4 0

H o s t

M i c r o c o n t r o l l e r

a n d

S e n s o r

I / O

R X

T X

/ M T _ R T S

/ S P _ C T S

/ M T _ C T S

/ T I M E

T y p i c a l X D M 2 1 4 0 A p p l i c a t i o n

+

/ L E D

A n a l o g
a n d / o r
D i g i t a l
I n p u t s

A n a l o g
a n d / o r
D i g i t a l
O u t p u t s

host microcontroller with sensor I/O electronics. The host microcontroller communicates with the
XDM2140 radio module on a serial interface using binary command and response strings as discussed
in Section 9 of this document.

Figure 2

RFM’s XDM2140 delivers the exceptional network reliability and long battery life capabilities of
SmartMesh-XD™ technology in a fully functional, certified radio module that is easily interfaced to a wide
variety of sensor network applications.

2.0 Absolute Maximum Ratings

The ratings below should not be exceeded under any circumstances. Damage can be caused by exceeding one or more of these
parameters.

Parameter Min Typ Max Units Comments

Supply voltage (VDD to VSS) -0.3 5.5 V

Voltage on any digital I/O pin -0.3 3.6 V

Input RF level 10 dBm

Storage temperature range -40 +85 °C

VSWR of antenna 3:1

ESD protection

Antenna pad ±250 V HBM

All other pads ±2 kV HBM

±200 V CDM

* All voltages are referenced to VSS.

Caution! This is an ESD sensitive device. Use proper ESD handling procedures when working with the device to prevent
permanent damage.

Input power at antenna
connector

Table 1

3.0 Normal Operating Conditions

Parameter Min Typ Max Units Comments

Operational supply voltage range
(between VDD and VSS)

Voltage supply noise 100 mV

Operating temperature range -40 +85 °C

Maximum allowed ambient temperature
ramp during operation

Operating relative humidity 10 90

Unless otherwise noted, VDD is 3.6 V and temperature is -40 °C to +85 °C.

3.1 Current Consumption

Parameter Min Typ Max Units Comments

Transmit 18 mA

Receive 6 mA

Sleep 8.5 µA

3.3 3.6 5.5 V

8 °C/min -40 °C to +85 °C

% RH

Table 2

Table 3

Including noise and load
regulation

50 Hz to 2 MHz

p-p

Non-condensing

4.0 Electrical Specifications

4.1 Device Load

Parameter Min Typ Max Units Comments

Total capacitance 0.5 µF

Total inductance 84 nH

Unless otherwise noted, VDD is 3.6 V and temperature is -40 °C to +85 °C.

4.2 Digital I/O Type 1

Digital Signal Min Typ Max Units Comments

VIL (low-level input voltage) -0.3 0.6 V

VIH (high-level input voltage) 0.8 x VDD V

VOL (low-level output voltage) 0.4 V

VOH (high-level output voltage) 2.4 V

Digital current*

Output source (single pin) 3.7 mA 25 °C

Output sink (single pin) 2.0 mA 25 °C

Input leakage current 50 nA

*

This current level guarantees that the output voltage meets VOH and VOL specifications above.

4.3 Digital I/O Type 2

Digital Signal Min Typ Max Units Comments

VIL (low-level input voltage) -0.3 0.6 V

VIH (high-level input voltage) 0.8 x VDD V

VOL

(low-level output voltage, multi-function

I/O configured as output)

VOH

low-level output voltage, multi-function

I/O configured as output)

Digital current*

Output source (single pin,

multifunction I/O configured as
output)

Output sink (single pin,

multifunction I/O configured as
output)

Input leakage current 50 nA

*

This current level guarantees that the output voltage meets VOH and VOL specifications above.

0 0.6 V IOL < 0.6 mA, 85 °C

VDD - 0.6 VDD V IOH > -0.4 mA, 85 °C

0.4 mA 25 °C

0.6 mA 25 °C

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

+ 0.3 V

DD

+ 0.3 V

DD

5.0 RF Specifications

5.1 Radio Specifications

Parameter Min Typ Max Units Comments

Operating frequency 2.4000 2.4835 GHz

Number of channels 15

Channel separation 5 MHz

Occupied channel bandwidth 2.7 MHz at -20 dBc

Frequency accuracy -50 +50 kHz

Modulation IEEE 802.15.4 DSSS

Raw data rate 250 kb/s

Receiver operating maximum input level 0 dBm

Receiver sensitivity

-90 dBm

Output power, conducted

5.2 Antenna Specifications

The antenna must meet specifications below. When the XDM2140 is placed inside an enclosure, the antenna should be mounted
such that the radiating portion of the antenna protrudes from the enclosure, and connected using a coaxial cable. For optimum
performance, allow the antenna to be positioned vertically when installed. The XDM2140 has been FCC certified as a module with
both a dipole antenna and a patch antenna. Any 2.4 GHz dipole antenna or 2.4 GHz patch antenna with a gain less than or equal
to 12 dBi may be used without the need for any FCC type acceptance testing. If a different antenna type or a higher gain dipole or
patch is to be used, please contact RFM Technical Support for more information.

Antenna Parameter Value

Frequency range 2.4000 - 2.4835 GHz

Impedance 50 ohms

Maximum VSWR 3:1

Table 7

Table 8

-92.5 dBm

+8 dBm VDD = 3 V, 25 °C

At 50% PER, VDD = 3 V,
25 °C

At 1% PER, VDD = 3 V,
25 °C, (inferred from 50%
PER measurement)