3000-Series
Router/Multiport Data/Voice/Fax
Frame Relay Access Device
Models
FR3060, FR3100
FR3060/V4, FR3060/V8
FR3100/V4, FR3100/V8
User Guide
User Guide
88302203 Revision D
MultiFRAD 3000-Series (Model Numbers FR3060, FR3100,
FR3060/V4, FR3060/V8, FR3100/V4, FR3100/V8)
This publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without prior expressed written permission from
Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 1999, by Multi-Tech Systems, Inc.
Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents hereof and
specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose.
Furthermore, Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes from
time to time in the content hereof without obligation of Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. to notify any person or
organization of such revisions or changes.
Record of Revisions
Revision Description
A Manual released. All pages at revision A.
(3/26/98)
B Manual revised to include software release version 2.00.
(12/16/98)
C Manual revised to include Voice/Fax feature with software release version 3.00.
(5/14/99)
D Manual revised to include Regulatory Compliance updates.
(6/29/99)
PATENTS
This Product is covered by one or more of the following U.S. Patent Numbers: 5.301.274; 5.309.562;
5.355.365; 5.355.653; 5.452.289; 5.453.986. Other Patents Pending.
TRADEMARK
Trademark of Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. are MultiFRAD and the Multi-Tech logo.
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft.
Multi-Tech Systems, Inc.
2205 Woodale Drive
Mounds View , Minnesota 55112
(612) 785-3500 or (800) 328-9717
Fax 612-785-9874
Tech Support (800) 972-2439
Internet: http://www.multitech.com
Tech Writer: brian@multitech.com
Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Description
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 6
Preview of this Guide ................................................................................................................................. 7
Front Panel Description.............................................................................................................................. 8
Back Panel Description ............................................................................................................................ 10
Power Connector ............................................................................................................................... 10
Frame Ground (GND) Connector ...................................................................................................... 10
Internal Composite Link (T1 DSU) Connector ................................................................................... 10
Monitor (XMT/RCV) Connector.......................................................................................................... 10
Command Port Connector ................................................................................................................. 10
External Composite Link (RS232/V .35) Connector............................................................................ 10
Ethernet 10Base-T Connector ........................................................................................................... 10
Channels 1 & 2 (RS232/V.35) Connectors ........................................................................................ 10
Channels 3 - 10 Connectors ...............................................................................................................11
Voice/Fax Channels 1 - 8 Connectors ................................................................................................11
T echnical Specifications........................................................................................................................... 12
Ethernet Port...................................................................................................................................... 12
Command Port................................................................................................................................... 12
Composite Link (external).................................................................................................................. 12
Channel Connectors .......................................................................................................................... 12
Voice/Fax Channel Connectors ......................................................................................................... 12
Electrical/Physical.............................................................................................................................. 12
Requirement ...................................................................................................................................... 12
Chapter 2 - Installation
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 14
Unpacking your MultiFRAD 3000 ............................................................................................................. 14
Safety Warnings....................................................................................................................................... 14
V alid V oice/Fax Channels......................................................................................................................... 15
Cabling your MultiFRAD 3000.................................................................................................................. 15
E&M Jumper Block Positioning Procedure ........................................................................................ 18
Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 20
Loading your Software ............................................................................................................................ 20
Detect and Map Your DLCIs .............................................................................................................. 31
Build Your Phone Directory Database................................................................................................ 33
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 38
Before Y ou Begin............................................................................................................................... 38
MultiFRAD Configuration.......................................................................................................................... 39
Changing IP Parameters .......................................................................................................................... 40
Changing IPX Parameters ....................................................................................................................... 43
Changing Bridging Parameters ................................................................................................................ 46
WAN Port Setup....................................................................................................................................... 47
Point to Point Setup ................................................................................................................................. 48
Frame Relay Setup .................................................................................................................................. 49
Data Port Configuration............................................................................................................................ 54
iii
Changing Voice/Fax Channel Parameters ............................................................................................... 55
Interface............................................................................................................................................. 55
Voice/Fax........................................................................................................................................... 56
Regional............................................................................................................................................. 57
Changing the Phone Directory Database................................................................................................. 58
Others Setup ............................................................................................................................................ 59
Statistics................................................................................................................................................... 61
IP Statistics ........................................................................................................................................ 62
IPX Port Statistics.............................................................................................................................. 63
STP (Spanning Tree) Port Statistics.................................................................................................. 63
SNMP Statistics ................................................................................................................................. 64
WAN Statistics................................................................................................................................... 64
PPP Statistics .................................................................................................................................... 65
Data Port Statistics ............................................................................................................................ 66
Frame Relay Statistics....................................................................................................................... 67
Chapter 5 - Remote Configuration and Management
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 70
Remote Configuration .............................................................................................................................. 70
Modem-Based ................................................................................................................................... 70
LAN-Based ........................................................................................................................................ 72
Remote Management............................................................................................................................... 74
Telnet ................................................................................................................................................. 74
WEB Browser Management .............................................................................................................. 76
Chapter 6 - Warranty, Service and Tech Support
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 80
Limited Warranty ...................................................................................................................................... 80
On-line Warranty Registration.................................................................................................. .......... 80
Tech Support ............................................................................................................................................ 81
Recording MultiFRAD Information ..................................................................................................... 81
Contacting Tech Support via E-mail................................................................................................... 81
Service ..................................................................................................................................................... 82
The Multi-Tech BBS ................................................................................................................................. 82
To log on to the Multi-Tech BBS......................................................................................................... 82
To Download a file.............................................................................................................................. 82
About the Internet..................................................................................................................................... 83
Appendices
Appendix A - Cabling Diagrams................................................................................................................ 86
Appendix B - Regulatory Information ....................................................................................................... 90
Glossary
Index
iv
3000-Series
Router/Multiport Data/Voice/Fax
Frame Relay Access Device
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Description
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Introduction
Welcome to Multi-Tech's new MultiFRAD 3000 series, a Frame Relay Access Device (FRAD) that
encapsulates data streams from the voice/fax channels, data channels, and LAN devices into
frame relay frames. The MultiFRAD 3000 series contains six or ten syncronous or asynchronous
data channels, four or eight Voice/Fax channels, a 10M bps Ethernet port, and a composite link
that connects to a common carrier frame relay network service, private frame relay network, or a
point-to-point network. The MultiFRAD 3000 series also provides additional features of data over
IP and hub capabilities that allow multiple MultiFRAD 3000’s to be connected together , increasing
the number of available data channels.
The MultiFRAD 3000 series has six model numbers that include FR3060 which allows up to six
data channel devices such as multiplexers to be connected to its RS232 data channels, an
Ethernet LAN connection for IP or IPX routing or bridging of other protocols, an RS232 command
port, and a composite link for access to a Frame Relay Network. The FR3100 allows up to ten
devices to be connected, along with the Ethernet port, command port, and composite link
connections. Voice/Fax capabilities can be added to the two base models allowing either 4 Voice/
Fax channels or 8 Voice/Fax channels on either model. The 4-channel model with 6-data
channels is referred to as model FR3060/V4. The 8-channel voice/fax capability with 10-data
channels is referred to as FR3100/V8.
Router/Multiport Data/Voice/Fax
Frame Relay Access Device
Composite Link
CD
CTS
RCV
XMT
PWR
V35
BTG
3000-Series
EXT
Voice/Fax Channel 8
XMT
FXS
E&M
FXO
FAX
Voice/Fax Channel 4 Voice/Fax Channel 3 Voice/Fax Channel 2
XMT
FXS
E&M
FXO
FAX
Ethernet
LNK
COL
RCV
XMT
LNK
Channel 1
V35
Channel 2
V35
XMT
XMT
RCV
Voice/Fax Channel 7
XMT
FXS
E&M
FXO
RCV
XSG
FAX
RSG
RCV
XSG
RCV
RSG
Channel 3
XMT
FXS
E&M
FXO
FAX
Channel 4
XMT
XMT
RCV
RCV
RCV
RCV
Channel 5
XMT
Voice/Fax Channel 6
XSG
RSG
XMT
FXS
E&M
FXO
FAX
XSG
RSG
XMT
FXS
E&M
FXO
FAX
Channel 7
Channel 6
XMT
RCV
RCV
Voice/Fax Channel 5
XMT
FXS
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
Voice/Fax Channel 1
XMT
E&M
RCV
FXO
FAX
Channel 9 Channel 10
XMT
RCV
RSG
XSG
RSG
XMT
RCV
RCV
XSG
RSG
FXS
RCV
XSG
RSG
Channel 8
XMT
RCVXMT
RCV
Figure 1. MultiFRAD 3000-Series
Note: At this time, the MultiFRAD does not support voice/fax operation in a Point-to-Point
configuration. Voice/fax operation is only supported over a frame relay network.
6
Preview of this Guide
This User Guide describes the MultiFRAD and details how to install and configure it. The
information contained in each chapter is as follows:
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Description
Chapter 1 describes the MultiFRAD including front panel descriptions, back panel connectors,
and relevant technical specifications.
Chapter 2 - Installation
Chapter 2 provides information on unpacking and cabling your MultiFRAD. Safety Warnings are
detailed, followed by the installation procedure in which each of the cables are connected to the
MultiFRAD and the unit is powered on.
Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration
Chapter 3 details the software loading and initial configuration. The MultiFRAD software
diskettes are Windows based. Later chapters, as well as your on-line help program describe the
MultiFRAD software in more detail.
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Description
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
Chapter 4 describes the MultiFRAD software from an applications perspective, and in doing so,
not every screen is shown, nor is each field within a screen defined. For explanations and
parameters of each field within a dialog box, please refer to the on-line help system provided
within the software.
Chapter 5 - Remote Configuration and Management
Chapter 5 provides procedures for viewing and changing the configuration of a remote
MultiFRAD. T wo methods are provided to access a remote unit; the first method is modem
based and the second method is using IP. Within the IP method, three applications can be used:
1) LAN-based using TFTP (T rivial File Transfer Protocol), 2) telnet as a client application, or 3) a
standard web browser on the internet.
Chapter 6 - Warranty, Service and Tech Support
Chapter 6 provides instructions on getting service for your MultiFRAD at the factory , a statement
of the limited warranty , information about our internet presence and user bulletin board service,
and space for recording information about your MultiFRAD prior to calling Multi-Tech’s Technical
Support personnel.
7
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Front Panel Description
The front panel of the MultiFRAD contains groups of LEDs that provide the information on the
composite link activity, LAN, data channels, and Voice/Fax channel activity, and the general
status of the MultiFRAD.
Router/Multiport Data/Voice/Fax
3000-Series
Frame Relay Access Device
Composite Link
CD
CTS
RCV
XMT
PWR
BTG
V35
Voice/Fax Channel 8
XMT
FXS
E&M
RCV
E&M
FAX
FAX
Channel 2
V35
XSG
XMT
RCV
XSG
RCV
XMT
FXO
Voice/Fax Channel 4 Voice/Fax Channel 3 Voice/Fax Channel 2
FXS
FXO
Ethernet
RCV
XMT
EXT
LNK
Channel 1
V35
LNK
COL
XMT
RCV
RSG
RSG
Channel 3
XMT
FXS
FXS
RCV
Voice/Fax Channel 7
E&M
FXO
FAX
E&M
FXO
FAX
Channel 4
XMT
RCV
XMT
XMT
RCV
XSG
RCV
XSG
Channel 5
XMT
Voice/Fax Channel 6
RSG
RSG
RCV
FXS
FXS
Channel 6
XMT
XMT
E&M
RCV
FXO
FXO
RCV
XSG
FAX
XMT
E&M
RCV
XSG
FAX
Channel 7
RCV
RSG
RSG
Channel 8
XMT
Voice/Fax Channel 5
FXS
E&M
FXO
Voice/Fax Channel 1
FXS
E&M
FXO
Channel 9 Channel 10
XMT
RCVXMT
XMT
RCV
FAX
XMT
RCV
FAX
RCV
XMT
The LED’s are as follows:
PWR Power. This indicator lights when the ON/OFF switch is in the ON position.
BTG Booting. This indicator lights when the MultiFRAD is booting. It takes approximately 90
seconds to boot.
Composite Link
RCV Receive. This indicator blinks when the composite link is receiving data.
XMT Transmit. This indicator blinks when the composite link is transmitting data.
CD Carrier Detect. This indicator lights when the MultiFRAD detects a carrier signal.
CTS Clear To Send. This indicator lights when the composite link device is ready to
transmit data.
V35 V.35 Interface. This indicator lights when the composite link is configured for a V.35
interface.
XSG
RSG
XSG
RSG
RCV
EXT External Link. This indicator lights when the MultiFRAD is configured for an external
composite device.
LNK Link. This indicator lights solid when all DLCIs detected become active; flashes fast
when at least one DLCI is active and others are inactive; flashes slow when
communication with the local frame relay switch has occurred; and off when no frame
relay communication has been received.
Ethernet
RCV Receive. This indicator blinks when packets are being received from the local area
network.
XMT Transmit. This indicator blinks when packets are being transmitted to the local area
network.
COL Collision. This indicator lights when a collision is in progress; that is, when two nodes
are transmitting packets at the same time.
LNK Link. This indicator lights indicating that the MultiFRAD is connected to the local area
network.
8
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Description
Channels 1 and 2
V35 V.35 Interface. This indicator lights when the channel is configured for a V .35 interface.
XMT Transmit. This indicator blinks when the channel is receiving data to be transmitted on
the link or over IP.
RCV Receive. This indicator blinks when the channel is transmitting data received from the
link.
Channels 3 through 10
XMT Transmit. This indicator blinks when the channel is receiving data to be transmitted on
the link or over IP.
RCV Receive. This indicator blinks when the channel is transmitting data received from the
link.
Voice/Fax Channels 1 - 8
FXS Foreign Exchange Station. This indicator lights when the voice/fax channel is
configured for FXS operation.
FXO Foreign Exchange Office. This indicator lights when the voice/fax channel is configured
for FXO operation.
E&M Ear & Mouth Operation. This indicator lights when the voice/fax channel is configured
for E&M operation.
FAX Fax. This indicator lights when there is fax traffic on the voice/fax channel.
XMT Transmit. This indicator lights when voice or fax data is being transmitted.
RCV Receive. This indicator lights when voice or fax data is being received.
XSG Transmit Signal. This indicator lights when the FXS-configured channel is of f-hook, the
FXO-configured channel is receiving a ring from the telco, or the M lead is active when
the voice/fax channel is configured for E&M operation (i.e., the MultiFRAD is receiving a
ring from the PBX).
RSG Receive Signal. This indicator lights when the FXS-configured channel is ringing, the
FXO- configured channel is off-hook, or the E lead is active on the E&M-configured
channel.
9
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Back Panel Description
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
8
E&M FXO FXS E&M FXO FXS E&M FXO FXS E&M FXO FXS
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
4
CHANNEL 10
CHANNEL 9
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
7
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
3
CHANNEL 8
CHANNEL 7
CHANNEL 6
CHANNEL 5
The connectors are as follows:
Power Connector
The POWER connector is used to connect the external power supply to the MultiFRAD. The
connector is a 7-pin circular DIN connector.
Frame Ground (GND) Connector
Use the GND connector to connect the MultiFRAD’s frame ground to the PBX’s frame ground
when the MultiFRAD is configured for E&M operation.
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
6
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
2
CHANNEL 4
CHANNEL 3
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
5
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
1
CHANNEL 2 (RS232/V.35)
CHANNEL 1 (RS232/V.35)
10BASET
ETHERNET
COMMAND PORT
EXT. COMPOSITE LINK (RS232/V.35)
INTERNAL
COMPOSITE
LINK
T1 DSU
POWER
MONITOR
XMT RCV
GND
I
O
Internal Composite Link (T1 DSU) Connector
This connector is not currently supported.
Monitor (XMT/RCV) Connector
This connector is not currently supported.
Command Port Connector
Use this DB-25 female connector to connect the MultiFRAD to a PC running Windows or
terminal with communications software in order to configure the MultiFRAD.
External Composite Link (RS232/V.35) Connector
Use this DB-25 male connector to connect the MultiFRAD to an external modem, DSU, ISDN
terminal adapter, or any device that is synchronous, full duplex, and supplies clocking signals.
The connection interface can be either RS-232 or V.35.
Ethernet 10Base-T Connector
Use the Ethernet 10Base-T (UTP) connector to connect the MultiFRAD MultiFRAD port to a LAN.
The connector is an RJ-45 jack.
10
Channels 1 & 2 (RS232/V.35) Connectors
The connectors for Channels 1 and 2 are used to connect the MultiFRAD to data devices. A data
device can be a HDLC synchronous device such as a multiplexer or an asynchronous device
such as a PC. These two data channels can be either RS-232 or V.35. The connectors are DB25 female connectors.
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Description
Channels 3 - 10 Connectors
These DB-25 female connectors are used to connect the MultiFRAD to channel devices. These
connections can be to either asynchronous or HDLC synchronous RS-232 data equipment such
as multiplexers.
Voice/Fax Channels 1 - 8 Connectors
E&M
Use the E&M connector to connect the MultiFRAD Voice/Fax channel to the E&M connector on
an analog PBX (Private Branch eXchange) trunk when linking two PBX’s together . The E&M
connector is an RJ-48 jack.
FXO
Use the FXO (Foreign eXchange Office) connector to connect the MultiFRAD Voice/Fax channel
to an analog station card on the local PBX. This connection is also commonly referred to as an
OPX (Off Premises eXtension). The FXO connector is an RJ-11 jack.
FXS
Use the FXS (Foreign eXchange Station) connector to connect the MultiFRAD Voice/Fax channel
to a local analog station instrument (telephone, fax machine, or key telephone system). The FXS
connector is an RJ-11 jack.
11
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Technical Specifications
• Provides access to frame relay networks for SLIP, PPP, async and HDLC sync devices.
• Trunk and Data ports may be configured as EIA-232 or V .35
• Trunk Speeds up to T1/E1 synchronous
• 4MB DRAM
• 16MB of flash memory
Ethernet Port
• One Ethernet Interface - 10Base-T (twisted Pair) RJ-45 connector
Command Port
• Single 19.2K bps asynchronous Command Port with a DB-25 female connector
Composite Link (external)
• Access Rate: 1.544M bps (T1) or 2.048M bps (E1) sync on DTE-type RS-232 or V.35
interface.
Channel Connectors
• 6 on the FR3060; 10 on the FR3100
• Data Rate: Channels 1 and 2 up to 512K bps with V.35 interface; synchronous to 128K
bps on RS-232/V.35 interface; or asynchronous to 115.2K bps on RS-232/V.35 interface.
Voice/Fax Channel Connectors
• Two RJ-1 1 jacks (FXO and FXS)
• One RJ-48 jack (E&M)
Electrical/Physical
• Operating Environment: 32-104o F (0-40o C); 95% non-condensing humidity
• Power Requirements: 100-250V AC at 50/60 Hz
• Dimensions: 17.4” wide x 3.75” high x 8” deep
44.2 cm wide x 8.9 cm high x 20.3 cm deep
12
• W eight: 7.4 lbs.
3.4 kg
Requirement
• PC with Windows 3.1x/95/98/NT, Terminal/Dumb Terminal @19,200 bps for menu driven
local configuration, or Remote Configuration via web browser or Telnet.
3000-Series
Router/Multiport Data/Voice/Fax
Frame Relay Access Device
Chapter 2 - Installation
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Introduction
This chapter guides you through the unpacking and installation of your MultiFRAD. The
installation procedure, provides step by step instructions on cabling and powering-on the
MultiFRAD. Chapter 3 provides instructions on loading and configuring the MultiFRAD software.
Unpacking your MultiFRAD 3000
Remove all items from the box. Your shipping box should contain the MultiFRAD, a power
supply, cables, software and manual diskettes, and a MultiFRAD 3000-Series Quick Start Guide.
Inspect all items before proceeding with the installation. If any of the items appears to be
damaged in any way , do not power up the unit; contact Multi-Tech’s Technical Support personnel
for advice (See Chapter 6). If no damage is observed, configure the MultiFRAD using the
information in this chapter.
Voice/Fax Channel 8
Voice/Fax Channel 7
Voice/Fax Channel 6
Voice/Fax Channel 5
XMT
Router/Multiport Data/Voice/Fax
Frame Relay Access Device
RCV
PWR
BTG
Composite Link
CD
CTS
XMT
3000-Series
Ethernet
COL
RCV
XMT
EXT
V35
LNK
XMT
FXS
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
RSG
Voice/Fax Channel 4 Voice/Fax Channel 3 Voice/Fax Channel 2
XMT
FXS
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
RSG
Channel 3
Channel 2
Channel 1
RCV
V35
V35
LNK
XMT
XMT
XMT
RCV
FXS
E&M
FXO
FAX
XMT
FXS
E&M
FXO
FAX
Channel 4
XMT
RCV
RCV
XMT
FXS
E&M
RCV
XSG
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
RSG
RCV
XSG
RSG
Channel 5
XMT
RCV
RSG
XMT
FXS
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
RSG
Voice/Fax Channel 1
XMT
FXS
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
RSG
XMT
FXS
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
RSG
Channel 7
Channel 9 Channel 10
Channel 6
Channel 8
XMT
XMT
XMT
RCV
RCV
XMT
RCVXMT
RCV
RCV
Figure 2. Unpacking
Safety Warnings
1. Never install telephone wiring during a lightning storm.
2. Never install a telephone jack in wet locations unless it is specifically designed for wet locations.
3. This product is to be used with UL and cUL listed PCs.
4. Never touch uninsulated telephone wires or terminals unless the telephone line has been
disconnected at the network interface.
5. Use caution when installing or modifying telephone lines.
6. Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless type) during an electrical storm. There may be a
remote risk of electrical shock from lightning.
7. Do not use a telephone in the vicinity of a gas leak.
8. To reduce the risk of fire, use only 26 AWG or larger telecommunication line cord.
A lithium battery on the voice/fax channel board provides backup power for the time keeping capability.
The battery has an estimated life expectancy of ten years.
When the battery starts to weaken, the date and time may be incorrect. If the battery fails, the board must
be sent back to Multi-Tech Sytems for battery replacement.
Caution
Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced.
14
E&M, FXS, and Ethernet ports are not designed to be connected to a Public Telecommunication Network.
Valid Voice/Fax Channels
The following are the only valid Voice/Fax channels that can be made at this time:
• FXS to FXS • FXS to FXO
• FXS to E&M • E&M to E&M
For example, the FXS configuration at the local site can talk to an FXO configuration at the
remote site.
Cabling your MultiFRAD 3000
Cabling your MultiFRAD involves general cabling connections for all models, data channel
connections, and Voice/Fax connections for models connecting to telephone equipment. The
general cable connections involve connecting power, command port, composite link device, and
LAN connections. The data channel connections involve connecting data devices, such as
multiplexers, or other MultiFRAD 3000s if you are using the hub feature. The final cable
connections involve connecting your telephone equipment to the voice/fax channels. The
following procedure details the cable connections for each type of connection.
Note: Before starting your general cable connections, perform the E&M Jumper Block
Positioning Procedure if a voice/fax channel will be connected to an E&M trunk that is T ype 1,3,4,
or 5 rather than the default position of T ype 2.
Chapter 2 - Installation
General Cable Connections
1 Connect one end of the power supply to a live AC outlet and connect the other end to the
MultiFRAD as shown in Figure 3. The power connector is a 7-pin circular DIN connector.
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
8
E&M FXO FXS E&M FXO FXS E&M FXO FXS E&M FXO FXS
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
4
CHANNEL 10
CHANNEL 9
FAX
CHANNEL
7
FAX
CHANNEL
3
VOICE/
VOICE/
CHANNEL 8
CHANNEL 7
CHANNEL 6
CHANNEL 5
FAX
CHANNEL
6
FAX
CHANNEL
2
VOICE/
VOICE/
CHANNEL 4
CHANNEL 3
FAX
CHANNEL
5
FAX
CHANNEL
1
VOICE/
VOICE/
10BASET
ETHERNET
COMMAND PORT
EXT. COMPOSITE LINK (RS232/V.35)
CHANNEL 2 (RS232/V.35)
CHANNEL 1 (RS232/V.35)
INTERNAL
COMPOSITE
LINK
T1 DSU
POWER
MONITOR
XMT RCV
GND
I
O
Power Connection
Command Port Connection
Ethernet Connection
Figure 3. General Cable Connections
T1 CSU/DSU or Comparable
Link Device
15
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
2 Connect the MultiFRAD to the COM port on a PC. Plug the DB-25 male end of your serial
cable from your PC into the Command Port connector on the back of the MultiFRAD.
3 Connect one end of an DB-25 (female) cable to the Ext. Composite Link Connector on the
back of the MultiFRAD (as shown in Figure 3). Connect the other cable end to your T1 CSU/
DSU or compatible link device.
4 If you are connecting to a LAN, make the network connection by connecting an RJ-45 (UTP)
cable to the 10 BASE-T Ethernet connector (shown in Figure 3) on the back of the
MultiFRAD. Connect the other end of the cable to your LAN.
Data Channel Cable Connections
5 Connect one end of a DB-25 cable to one of the data channel connectors on the back of your
MultiFRAD (labeled CHANNEL 1-6 for the FR3060, CHANNEL 1-10 for the FR3100). See Figure
4. Connect the other end of each cable to the channel device. Repeat for each of the up to 6
or 10 channels you are connecting.
PC or
Terminal Units
TM
AS400
Statistical Multiplexers
MultiFRAD 3000s
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
8
E&M FXO FXS E&M FXO FXS E&M FXO FXS E&M FXO FXS
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
4
CHANNEL 10
CHANNEL 9
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
7
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
3
CHANNEL 8
CHANNEL 7
CHANNEL 6
CHANNEL 5
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
6
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
2
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
5
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
1
CHANNEL 4
CHANNEL 3
Channel Connections
Voice/Fax Channel 8
Voice/Fax Channel 7
Voice/Fax Channel 6
Voice/Fax Channel 5
XMT
FXS
XMT
Router/Multiport Data/Voice/Fax
Frame Relay Access Device
PWR
BTG
XMT
FXS
E&M
FXO
FAX
Voice/Fax Channel 4 Voice/Fax Channel 3 Voice/Fax Channel 2
3000-Series
XMT
FXS
E&M
FXO
FAX
Composite Link
Ethernet
Channel 2
Channel 1
V35
V35
LNK
XMT
CD
COL
CTS
RCV
RCV
XMT
XMT
XMT
RCV
EXT
V35
LNK
3000-Series
Router/Multiport Data/Voice/Fax
Frame Relay Access Device
Composite Link
Ethernet
LNK
CD
COL
CTS
RCV
RCV
XMT
XMT
EXT
V35
PWR
LNK
BTG
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
RCV
XSG
FAX
RSG
RSG
RCV
XSG
XMT
RSG
FXS
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
RSG
Voice/Fax Channel 8
Channel 3
Channel 5
Channel 4
FXS
XMT
FXS
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
RSG
RCV
XMT
XMT
XMT
RCV
RCV
RCV
Voice/Fax Channel 4 Voice/Fax Channel 3 Voice/Fax Channel 2
XMT
FXS
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
RSG
FXS
Channel 3
Channel 2
Channel 1
RCV
V35
V35
XMT
XMT
XMT
RCV
RCV
FXS
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
RSG
XMT
FXS
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
RSG
Voice/Fax Channel 1
XMT
FXS
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
RSG
XMT
FXS
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
RSG
Voice/Fax Channel 7
Voice/Fax Channel 6
Voice/Fax Channel 5
Channel 7
Channel 6
Channel 9 Channel 10
Channel 8
XMT
XMT
FXS
E&M
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
FAX
RSG
RSG
XMT
FXS
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
RSG
XMT
XMT
XMT
RCV
XMT
RCVXMT
RCV
RCV
RCV
Voice/Fax Channel 1
XMT
FXS
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
XMT
RSG
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
RSG
XMT
FXS
E&M
RCV
XSG
FXO
FAX
RSG
Channel 5
Channel 7
Channel 6
Channel 9 Channel 10
Channel 8
Channel 4
XMT
XMT
XMT
RCV
XMT
RCVXMT
RCV
XMT
XMT
RCV
RCV
RCV
RCV
CHANNEL 2 (RS232/V.35)
CHANNEL 1 (RS232/V.35)
10BASET
ETHERNET
COMMAND PORT
EXT. COMPOSITE LINK (RS232/V.35)
INTERNAL
COMPOSITE
LINK
MONITOR
XMT RCV
T1 DSU
GND
I
POWER
O
16
Figure 4. Channel Cable Connections
NOTE: only Channels 1, 2, and the composite link support V.35 and RS-232, all other channels
are RS-232 only . There are shunts inside to select V.35 or RS-232.
Chapter 2 - Installation
V oice/Fax Cable Connections
NOTE: The E&M, FXS, and Ethernet ports are not designed to be connected to a Public
T elecommunication Network.
6 If you are connecting a station device; e.g., analog telephone, fax machine, or Key Telephone
System (KTS) to your MultiFRAD; connect one end of an RJ-11 phone cord to the Voice/Fax
Channel 1 FXS connector on the back of the MultiFRAD and the other end to the station
device. See Figure 5.
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
8
E&M FXO FXS E&M FXO FXS E&M FXO FXS E&M FXO FXS
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
4
CHANNEL 10
CHANNEL 9
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
7
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
3
CHANNEL 8
CHANNEL 7
CHANNEL 6
CHANNEL 5
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
6
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
2
CHANNEL 4
CHANNEL 3
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
5
VOICE/
FAX
CHANNEL
1
Voice/Fax Channel 1 - 8
Connections
E&M
FXO
FXO
FXS
FXSE&M
PSTN
CHANNEL 2 (RS232/V.35)
CHANNEL 1 (RS232/V.35)
10BASET
ETHERNET
COMMAND PORT
EXT. COMPOSITE LINK (RS232/V.35)
INTERNAL
COMPOSITE
LINK
T1 DSU
POWER
MONITOR
XMT RCV
GND
I
O
Figure 5. V oice/Fax Cable Connections
If you are connecting the station side of a telephone switch (PBX) to your MultiFRAD,
connect one end of an RJ-1 1 phone cord to the Voice/Fax Channel 1 FXO connector on the
back of the MultiFRAD and the other end to the phone jack.
If you are connecting an E&M trunk from a telephone switch to your MultiFRAD, connect one
end of an RJ-45 phone cord to the V oice/Fax Channel 1 E&M connector on the back of the
MultiFRAD and the other end to the trunk phone jack.
If you are connecting to an E&M trunk, you need to ensure that the E&M trunk jumper is in
the correct position for the E&M type trunk. The default E&M jumper position is E&M type 2.
To change the E&M jumper position, perform the E&M jumper block positioning procedure in
following this procedure.
7 Repeat the above step to connect the remaining telephone equipment to each Voice/Fax
Channel on your MultiFRAD.
8 Turn on power to the MultiFRAD by placing the On/Off switch on the back panel to the 1
position.
At this time your MultiFRAD is completely cabled. Proceed to the next section to load your
software.
17
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
E&M Jumper Block Positioning Procedure
A jumper block exists for each voice/fax channel. The jumper block is to the right of each set of
channel jacks. The jumper block contains 8-pairs of pins. The jumper plug fits over three pairs of
pins on the jumper block. The E&M type number is labeled on the pc board. The jumper plug needs
to be centered on the E&M type number. Perform the following procedure to change E&M jumper
position.
1 Ensure that power is removed from the MultiFRAD.
2 Turn the unit up side down and remove the four phillips screws from the cover. Turn the unit
right side up and remove the four phillips screws from the back of the top cover.
3 Remove the front panel by loosening the two capative phillips screws. Slide the top cover
back off the chassis to expose the rear panel.
4 To change a jumper position, lift the jumper plug up of f the jumper block and move to the new
position, ensuring that the center jumper is centered on the E&M type number.
2 (Default)
1,3
4
5
Figure 6. E&M Jumper Block
5 Change the jumper position for each voice/fax channel that is connecting to an E&M trunk
that is not a type 2.
6 Slide the top cover back on to the chassis. Replace the front panel and secure it by
tightening the two capative phillips screws.
7 From the back of the unit, replace the four phillips screws that secure the top cover. Then,
turn the unit up side down and replace the four phillips that secure the top cover.
8 Return to your General Cabling Connections Procedure.
18
3000-Series
Router/Multiport Data/Voice/Fax
Frame Relay Access Device
Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Introduction
This chapter will guide you through the installation and initial configuration of the MultiFRAD
software included in your shipping box. Chapter 4 will provide a more detailed description of the
software and it’s features.
Loading your Software
The following loading procedure does not provide every screen or option in the process of
installing the MultiFRAD software. The assumption is that a technical person is doing the
installation and that a thorough knowledge of Windows and the software loading process is
understood.
1. Run Windows on the pc connected to the Command Port.
2. Insert the MultiFRAD Disk 1 diskette into the disk drive on the PC connected to the
Command Port.
3. Win3.1 users - In Program Manager, click File I Run. In the Run dialog box, type
a:\setup.exe or b:\setup.exe (depending on the letter of your floppy disk drive) in the
Command Line field and then click OK.
Win95/98/NT users - click Start I Run. In the Run dialog type a:\setup or b:\setup
(depending on the letter of your floppy disk drive) in the Command Line field and then click
OK.
4. The Welcome screen is displayed.
Click Next to continue.
5. Follow the on-screen instructions to install your MultiFRAD 3000 software.
20
You can either choose the Destination Location of your MultiFRAD 3000 software or select
the default destination by clicking Next>. If you click Browse, you can select a different
destination folder for your MultiFRAD software; however, it is recommended that you accept
the default folder MF3000.
Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration
6. The next dialog box enables you to name the Program Folder for the MF3000 files. You can
select the default name, MultiFRAD 3000, or name it anything you like; when done, click
Next> to continue.
7. After all the program files from both disks are loaded, the Setup dialog box is displayed,
enabling you to designate the COM port of your PC that is connected to your MultiFRAD. On
the Select Port window, click the down arrow and choose the COM port of your PC (COM1-COM4). that is connected to your MultiFRAD.
Click OK to continue.
8. The MultiFRAD 3000 software has been successfully installed, click Finish to continue
configuring your MultiFRAD.
21
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
9. Do you want to download default setup? dialog box is displayed.
Click the Yes button to continue.
10. If your MultiFRAD is connected to a LAN and the network protocol is IPX, continue with the
following steps (1 1 thru 14).
If your MultiFRAD is connected to a LAN and the network protocol is IP, click IPX Routing
Enable check box to disable IPX, then click OK and proceed to step 15.
If no LAN is connected to the MultiFRAD, click IPX Routing Enable check box to disable
IPX, then click OK and proceed to step 15 to disable IP protocol.
11. MultiFRAD Name: You can use the default MultiFRAD Name or assign a new MultiFRAD
Name in this field. If you assign a new MultiFRAD Name, it must be a printable ASCII string
of a maximum of 47 characters, a unique name on this network. The MultiFRAD name is
used by the MultiFRAD to advertise its service in the IPX inter-network.
12. Ethernet: You can enable Auto Learn Network Numbers by leaving the default Yes or you
can manually assign the network numbers by clicking No in the Auto Learn Network
Numbers field.
If no file server is connected to the Ethernet segment, then this field should be No.
If you enable Auto Learn (Yes), the MultiFRAD will learn the IPX network numbers from the
file server.
If you select No for Auto Learn, record the network numbers assigned by the network file
server for each of the four frame types (Raw (802.3), LLC (802.2), EthernetII (Type II),
SNAP) in the space provided below.
RAW (802.3) Frames Network Number _____________
LCC (802.2) Frames Network Number ______________
TYPE_II Frames Network Number _________________
SNAP Frames Network Number ___________________
WAN Network Number __________________________
When you manually assign network numbers, you must make sure they match the network
numbers assigned to your local file server (if any).
22
Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration
13. WAN: Enter the WAN network number for the Frame Relay WAN Port by clicking the
Network Number box and backspacing through the default number and entering your new
WAN Number. Make sure the WAN network number is the same as the MultiFRAD on the
other end of the link.
The WAN network number has to be assigned by the Network Administrator and must be
unique throughout the entire inter-network.
Note: The WAN port does not have the capability of learning the network number, unlike the
LAN port (i.e., the WAN port does not have a file server).
14. Click OK when you are satisfied with your selections.
15. If your MultiFRAD is connected to an IP network, continue with the following steps (16 thru
21).
If no LAN is connected to the MultiFRAD, click the IP Routing Enable check box to disable
IP protocol, then click OK and proceed to step 22.
16. Record the IP address protocol information for your specific network in the space provided
below.
Ethernet
IP Address
___.___.___.___
IP Address
___.___.___.___
Mask
___.___.___.___
WAN Port
Mask
___.___.___.___
Frame Type
TYPE II/SNAP
Remote Address
___.___.___.___
17. The default Ethernet IP Address has to be changed to your unique LAN address. Enter an
acceptable unique IP address for the Ethernet port.
18. Change the default Subnet Mask and Frame Type to the values you have assigned to your
LAN port.
19. The default WAN Address has to be changed to your unique WAN address. Enter an
acceptable unique WAN Address for the W AN port.
20. Change the default Subnet Mask and Remote Address for WAN to the values you have
assigned to your WAN.
21. Click OK when you are satisfied with your selections.
23
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
22. If your MultiFRAD is going to be connected to a frame relay network with a Synchronous
DCE device and External Clocking, click OK and proceed to step 23 to configure your data
ports.
If your Synchronous DCE device in your frame relay network requires External Clocking
from the MultiFRAD, click on Internal Clock and set your Clock Speed.
If your MultiFRAD is going to be used in a Point-to-point configuration, click PPP/SLIP
and choose the Mode of the DCE device. If the mode is Asynchronous, then choose the
Connection Method.
Then click OK to configure your data ports.
24
Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration
23. The Data Port Configuration dialog box allows you to configure the data channels for PPP/
Frame Relay , for data over the Internet, or as a Hub over a frame relay network. The
Encapsulation T ype group determines how the data channel is going to be configured.
If your MultiFRAD is going to be connected to a frame relay network or point-to-point, then
accept the default Encapsulation T ype of PPP/Frame Relay option.
If your MultiFRAD is being configured for data over the Internet, then choose the
Encapsulation Type of IP option. When the IP option is selected, the Remote IP Address
field becomes active. Enter the IP address of the remote MultiFRAD.
The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is used in serial links (asynchronous or synchronous) to
transfer packets between two end-points.
24. If your MultiFRAD is going to be connected in a Point-to-Point configuration, then Data Port
Mode is defaulted to APSM and all other modes are disabled.
If your MultiFRAD is being connected to a Frame Relay network (no LAN traffic) and each
data channel is being mapped to its individual DLCI; then use the Raw option.
The Raw option is recommended when it is the only traffic being sent over a DLCI and the
traffic is sync. Raw data has the least overhead and leaves the error correction to the upper
layer of the protocol.
The Encapsulated option is recommended when a single synchronous data channel and
LAN traffic are combined on a single frame relay DLCI.
The APSM option must be used when multiple data channels and/or LAN traffic are mapped
to a single frame relay DLCI. APSM is recommended for asynchronous data, because it
provides error correction. APSM is also the only Data Port Mode when data over the Internet
(IP Encapsulation Type) is configured.
The Hub option is recommended when more than 10 data channels are needed per frame
relay access. The Hub option connects a data channel to a virtual DSU/CSU which can be
used to connect another frame relay access device to your frame relay service without
adding another frame relay line.
25
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
25. If your data device is an Asynchronous device, then click the Asynchronous check box, and
select the Baud Rate from the drop-down list. Also, select the Word Length, Parity, Stop Bits,
etc. for your device. Refer to the user documentation for the parameters of the data device.
If your data device is a synchronous device, ensure that the clocking and, if an internal
clock is used, the Speed is correct. Also, check the Encoding Scheme, Between Frames,
and InterFrame Timer are correct for your channel device. Refer to user documentation for
the parameters of the channel device.
26. After configuring a given channel, you can copy that channel’s configuration to any of the
other channels by selecting the desired channels in the “Duplicate To” group and clicking the
Copy button.
27. Click OK when you are satisfied with your data port configurations. If you enabled PPP in
the WAN Ports Default Setup dialog box, proceed to step 29.
28. If you enabled Frame Relay in the WAN Ports Default Setup dialog box, the Frame Relay
DLCI Default Setup dialog box is displayed with all the groups inactive. Click OK to continue.
Your MultiFRAD will auto detect DLCIs and the frame relay management type when the unit
is connected to an active frame relay network service. At this point your MultiFRAD is not
communicating with the frame relay network. You should finish loading the software and then
access the frame relay dialog box from the Main dialog box.
26
Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration
29 The Voice/Fax Channel Setup dialog box is displayed. The Channel Setup dialog boxes
define the Voice/Fax channel interface, voice coder, fax parameters, and regional telephone
parameters for each channel.
Configure each channel for the type of interface you are connecting to. The Interface tab
defaults to Channel 1 in the Select Channel group. To change the channel number, click
the down arrow for the Select Channel and a drop-down list displays all the channels
displayed. Highlight the channel number you want to configure.
30. The Interface group defaults to FXS (Loop Start). Select the interface option to correspond
to the interface type being connected to the Voice/Fax connector on the back panel of the
MultiFRAD.
If you are connecting a station device; e.g., an analog telephone, fax machine, or KTS
telephone system to the Voice/Fax connector on the back of the unit; FXS (Loop Start) will
likely be the correct Interface option.
If the station device uses ground start, then choose the FXS (Ground Start) option. Refer to
the device’s user documentation.
If you are using an extension from your PBX, then choose the FXO option. Check with your
in-house telephone personnel to verify the connection type.
If you are connecting to a trunk on your PBX, then choose the E&M option.
If you chose an FXO interface, then the Dialing Options Regeneration group is enabled.
Check with your local in-house telephone personnel to verify whether your local PBX dial
signaling is Pulse or tone (DTMF). Set the Regeneration option accordingly .
If you chose E&M interface, then the E&M Options group is enabled. Check with your local
in-house telephone personnel to determine if the signaling is Dial T one or Wink and if the
connection is 2-wire or 4-wire. If Wink signaling is used, then the Wink Timer is enabled
with a default of 250 milliseconds. The range of the Wink T imer is from 100 to 350
milliseconds. Consult with your local in-house telephone personnel for this timer setting.
27
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
If you want to dedicate a voice/fax channel to a point-to-point configuration; i.e., the device
on a local channel will automatically call a specific channel on a remote MultiFRAD; click the
Auto Call Enable option in the Auto Call group. Then enter the appropriate DLCI in the
DLCI Number field. Change the channel number to the channel of the remote MultiFRAD
you want to call.
Enabling the Auto Call feature means that this channel does not have to be entered in the
Phone Directory Database.
31. Duplicate to Channels group will copy the selected configuration to other voice/fax
channels. Click on the channel number(s) and click Copy button.
32. When you are satisfied with your interface choices, and if the default voice coder is
acceptable and your country/region is the default USA, then you can click OK and continue
building your phone directory data base.
If you need to change the voice coder, click the Voice/Fax tab and proceed to step 33.
If your country/region is not the default USA, then click the Regional tab and proceed to step
34.
33. To change the voice coder, first select the channel by clicking the Select Channel down
arrow and highlighting the channel number, then click the Voice Coder down arrow and
highlight your new voice coder.
28
If you change the voice coder selection, ensure that the same voice coder is used on voice/
fax channels communicating with each other. Voice/fax channels can use different voice
coders; however, a channel using one voice coder can not connect to a channel using a
different voice coder .
Duplicate to Channels group will copy the selected configuration to other voice/fax channel.
Click on the channel number(s) and click Copy button.
Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration
34. To change the call progress signaling for your Country/Region, click the down arrow and
highlight your specific country or region.
The Tone Pairs parameters change per your choice. Click OK to continue to building your
phone directory database.
35. The Checking MultiFRAD dialog box is displayed.
The Setup utility is "Ready to Download default setup Choose OK to proceed." Click OK to
proceed.
36. Writing Setup dialog box is displayed as the setup configuration is written to the MultiFRAD.
29
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
37. After writing setup to the MultiFRAD, the unit is rebooted.
38. During reboot, the BTG (Booting) LED will be on. Wait for the BTG LED to go off. This could
take up to 90 seconds for the BTG LED to go off.
39. Win3.1 users - you are returned to your Program Manager where the MultiFRAD Program
Group and Program Item (Windows icons) have been created.
Win95/NT users - you are returned to your MultiFRAD 3000 folder which will be visible on
your desktop.
40. To map the detected DLCIs to your data ports and protocols, proceed with the following
steps:
Win3.1 users - from the Program Manager, double-click the MultiFRAD Configuration icon
in the MultiFRAD 3000 Program Group. The main Setup dialog box is displayed.
Win95/98/NT users - from your desktop, highlight Programs, MultiFRAD 3000 folder, and then
click MultiFRAD Configuration.
The Setup dialog box is displayed.
30
Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration
Detect and Map Your DLCIs
41. From the Setup dialog box, click the Frame Relay button.
42. A Frame Relay dialog box stating “MultiFRAD has detected and added following DLCIs” is
displayed. Click the OK button.
43. A second Frame Relay dialog box may be displayed, stating “MultiFRAD has detected
Management Type to be Annex A”. The Management Types are Annex A, Annex D, or LMI.
Any one could appear in this dialog box.
44. Click OK, the Frame Relay Setup dialog box is displayed.
45. Click the DLCI button to display the Frame Relay DLCI Setup dialog box.
31
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
46. The Frame Relay DLCI Setup dialog box displays a number of DLCIs in the DLCI dialog box
window. In the example, the T otal DLCIs window shows 8 DLCIs detected by the Frame
Relay network.
Click a DLCI that you want to map. The Protocol Mappings, Port Mappings, and all the other
groups become active.
47. If a Network Protocol was enabled during the loading of the software, the protocol mapping is
activated. To map a Protocol Stack to a DLCI, click the Protocol Stack’s down arrow. A listing
displays None and your IP WAN address and/or IPX network number. Choose the address or
network number you want to map to the selected DLCI.
48. To map a data port to this DLCI, click on the data port number(s) in the Port Mappings that
you want to associate with this DLCI.
49. Ensure that Throttle Up and Down in the Congestion Management category is selected.
50. Ensure that Adhere to CIR + Be check box in the Mode category is selected. Multi-Tech
recommends this setting initially .
51. Click the Committed Information Rate numeric box in the Settings (in Bits/second)
category and enter the CIR value provided by your service provider at subscription time for
this DLCI.
52. Click the Excess Burst Rate (Be) numeric box in the Settings (in Bits/second) category
and enter the Be value provided by your service provider at subscription time for this DLCI.
The Compression option in the Others group may be useful at low link speeds (speeds up to
56Kbps). With a high speed link (above 56Kbps), Multi-Tech recommends not using this
feature.
53. Repeat steps 47 through 52 for each detected DLCI to map it to its associated protocols and
ports.
54. Click the OK button when you are satisified with your selections.
55. The Frame Relay Setup dialog box is displayed.
32
Click OK.
56. The Setup menu is displayed.
Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration
Build Your Phone Directory Database
Perform the following steps to construct your phone directory database.
57. Click Phone Book on the main menu. The Phone Directory Database dialog box is
displayed. You will build your personalized MultiFRAD Phone Directory in the following steps.
The completed database will contain the telephone numbers, associated descriptions, DLCI
numbers, and channels for all the MultiFRAD’s available for communication on the
internetwork.
The Add (+), Delete (-), and Edit buttons are active, enabling you to start building the phone
directory database that will control the calls.
33
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
58. Click Add to begin building your phone directory database. The Add/Edit Phone Entry
dialog box is displayed.
In the Station Information group, enter a unique phone number in the Phone Number field
for one of the remote voice/fax channel you will be calling. For example, telephone number
101. This telephone number does not have to be a standard number of digits (7).
The Description field for your local phone number is optional. In the following example, we
describe the phone number as, “Jerry’s Desk.”
The Voice Channel field defaults to Channel 1. To change the channel number, click the
down arrow and highlight desired remote voice/fax channel number.
The Permit Hunting option enables a call to roll over to an available channel on the remote
FRAD if the first channel is busy. Click on Permit Hunting if you want to roll over to another
channel.
If there is no direct PVC, such as between two remote sites, you will need to click to check
Enable Routing to assure that such calls will go through.
The DLCI field defaults to the number 16, which can be changed by selecting it and typing
the desired number. (W e are using DLCI number 20 in this example.)
34
59. Click OK and you are returned to the Phone Directory Database dialog box, which now
displays the phone number 101 in the Station Phone Number list and your other information
in the Station Information group.
Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration
60. Repeat steps 58 thru 59 for each additional phone number. You should enter one phone
number for each remote channel that is enabled. When finished, click OK.
61. The Main menu is displayed.
Click Download Setup.
62. The “Save Current Setup as User Default Configuration” is displayed. MultiT ech
recommends that you click the check box to save the user default configuration.
Click OK to continue.
35
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
63. The Writing Setup dialog box is displayed as the setup configuration is written to the
MultiFRAD.
64. After setup is written to the MultiFRAD, the unit reboots.
65. During reboot, the BTG (Booting) LED will be on. When the BTG LED goes off, you are
returned to the Main menu.
Your MultiFRAD is operational at this time.
36
3000-Series
Router/Multiport Data/Voice/Fax
Frame Relay Access Device
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Introduction
This chapter describes the MultiFRAD software with the intent to show you how to make changes
to the configuration of your MultiFRAD. The major configuration parameters were established
during the loading of the software (Chapter 3), and the MultiFRAD software and configuration
utilities allow you to make changes to that initial configuration.
The MultiFRAD software allows you to refine your configuration based on your network
connections. The software is based on a main menu (MultiFRAD Configuration) that allows you
to consider all the parameters for a particular feature (e.g., data ports and voice channels). These
features, along with others are discussed in detail in the MultiFRAD Configuration section later in
this chapter.
The other six configuration utilities offer additional functionality . Download User Defaults utility
allows you download your default settings, configured during the loading of the software. If you
have made changes to your configuration and wish to revert to the default setup, you can do so
through this utility . Download Factory Defaults utility allows you to sequence through the
software loading sequence and change any previous installation parameters. The Download
Voice Coders utility allows you to download voice decoders which may also be necessary during
repair or upgrade. The Configuration Port Setup utility allows you to change the method by which
you access the MultiFRAD (i.e., direct connection of a PC to the Command Port on the
MultiFRAD, or via your Internet connection to the LAN port on the MultiFRAD). Download
Firmware allows you to download new versions of firmware when enhancements become
available. The Uninstall MultiFRAD Configuration utility is designed to remove the software from
your PC.
Your MultiFRAD software includes the MultiFRAD Help system. The Help menus define each
button, option, field, and recommend values where applicable. The Help menus are a dynamic
help system which provides information corresponding to the active dialog box.
Before You Begin
The MultiFRAD software operates in a Microsoft Windows® environment. Your MultiFRAD
program group contains all of the utilities described above, and is accessible in Windows by
clicking Start | Programs | MultiFRAD | (utility), or by double clicking on the utility icon in the
program group in My Computer. The program group is shown here:
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MultiFRAD Configuration
The MultiFRAD 3000-Series Setup menu consists of 12 buttons in which you can point and click,
an Events window in the middle of the menu, and a status bar at the bottom of the menu. The 12
buttons allow you to display and change the protocol stacks, statistics, WAN port setup, Frame
Relay parameters, data port configuration, enable applications such as SNMP Agent, Telnet
Server, WEB Server, and assign a MultiFRAD password.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
The Events window, in the center of the dialog box, provides information about the boot process
and ongoing information regarding the status of “events” such as the type of frame relay
management selected and which PVCs become active. It can be a useful tool in times of
troubleshooting.
The status bar at the bottom displays the status of the unit, e.g., Running, the date that the unit
was configured, the type of connection on the command port, e.g., if the pc connected to the
command port is using its serial port to communicate with the MultiFRAD or if the pc is
communicating with the MultiFRAD via an Ethernet connection. The last field on the status bar is
the Rights field, which displays either Read/Write or Read only rights. The first user to
communicate with the MultiFRAD has Read/Write rights. This enables the first user to change
the configuration of the MultiFRAD. A second user has read only rights which means they can
only view the configuration of the MultiFRAD.
If your WAN port is configured for frame relay, then the button to its right is Frame Relay. If your
WAN port is configured for Point-to-Point, then the button to the right is PPP.
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Changing IP Parameters
The IP Setup dialog box allows you change the IP routing capabilities, add or delete logical W ANs,
enable the DHCP relay agent, assign DNS address, and define default and static routes. The initial
routing capabilities were established during the software installation. You can change IP routing
parameters by clicking on the Advanced tab and changing, for example, the RIP Response Time or
RIP Route Aging Time. The WAN tab allows you to change the WAN port IP address, the remote
address, and if logical WAN ports are being added for frame relay, you can add them by clicking on
the Add button.
The Ethernet IP Setup dialog box displays the parameters for your Ethernet port with the IP Address
established during the initial loading of the software. The Ethernet, and WAN tabs allow you to
configure parameters for the selected port. Although these tabs all contain the same option groups,
certain parameters may be inactive or disabled (grayed-out) when they do not apply to the selected
port.
The net mask specifies the network or subnet portion of an IP address. The net mask is a 32-bit
value presented in a dotted decimal notation.
The Frame Type option defines the MAC layer frame encapsulation to be used for IP transmissions
from the specified port. The Ethernet port supports Type II and SNAP frames, but the WAN ports
support only T ype II frames.
In the Support group, ICMP Redirect defines if the specified port is permitted to issue an ICMP
Redirect message to the source IP address. The most likely cause of this message is the delivery of
a datagram to a MultiFRAD that is not on the forwarding path to the destination address. This is
often due to a wrong configuration of the IP client sending the datagram. The packet causing the
ICMP Redirect message to be transmitted is forwarded to the appropriate MultiFRAD.
ICMP Mask Reply enables support for nodes on the connected networks to learn their subnet
masks.
RIP enables RIP based routing on the specified port, and is normally enabled. However, RIP can be
disabled if you are using the WAN link in Dial-on-Demand mode. Disabling RIP will reduce traf fic on
the link as this will also disable periodic RIP broadcasts. RIP routing on the port will be automatically
turned off when Dial-on-Demand is enabled in PPP port setup.
Finally, the RIP Poisoned Reverse option defines if Poisoned Reverse RIP messages are supported
on the specified port. Generation and processing of poisoned routes (RIP entries with their
respective metric set to 16 (defined as infinity)) is enabled/disabled by this parameter. Poisoned
reverse is a method used by RIP to improve the rate of convergence of the routing tables of
interconnected IP MultiFRAD. MultiFRADs supporting poisoned reverse that receive such RIPs
ignore the entries set to 16 and thus prevent the propagation of unnecessary (and often incorrect
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Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
when a topology change occurs) information which in turn speeds up the rate at which RIP will
correctly map the current network topology .
From the Ethernet IP Setup dialog box you can switch to the WAN IP Setup dialog box or the
Advanced IP Setup dialog box.
The WAN IP Setup dialog box allows you to disable or enable IP routing on the WAN port, change the
port IP Address, mask, and remote IP address. If the WAN port is configured for frame relay, this
dialog box allows you to add logical WANs. How the logical IP WAN ports are configured is controlled
by the WAN Port Setup dialog box.
To add logical WAN in a frame relay configuration, click the Add(+) button and the next WAN number
is displayed in the List of Logical WANs window on the left side of the W AN dialog box. To delete the
selected logical WAN, click the Delete (-) button.
The Remote Address defines the IP address for the destination end of a point-to-point link and is
necessary only if the selected WAN port has been enabled. Note: the remote IP address must fall
within the same IP network as the local IP address.
The Advanced tab controls IP Routing, RIP, timers, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
and Domain Name System (DNS) servers, default route, filters, and Static Routes. The options that
you select here apply to all ports on which IP routing takes place.
In most cases, you should not have to change any of the timers (i.e., default TTL, reassembly
timeout, RIP response time and RIP route aging time). The DNS Resolver is supplied for remote
Telnet clients when the MultiFRAD is configured for remote access and the terminal server
application is enabled.
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
The Routing option is normally checked; however, if you do not wish to have IP packets routed, then
uncheck this item. If IP routing is disabled and bridging is enabled, IP packets are bridged; i.e., IP
packets are transferred.
The RIP option enables RIP based routing. RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is a protocol used
among MultiFRADs to exchange routing table information. RIP is the most common protocol used in
both IP and IPX networks. It is also used internally by client workstations in IPX networks to obtain
routes (shortest, or otherwise) to any distant network. RIP based routing should normally be enabled.
It can be disabled, however, if you are using WAN links in Dial on Demand mode. For DOD links,
disabling RIP will reduce traffic on the link as it will also disable periodic RIP broadcasts. RIP routing
on a given port will be automatically turned off when Dial on Demand is enabled on the PPP Port
Setup tab for the WAN port.
The Default TTL text box defines the IP T ime-To-Live parameter that sets the maximum number of
hops a frame may travel before being dropped. This is used to limit errant frames such as those that
may arise under circularly defined networks. Recommended value is decimal 255.
The RIP Response Time text box defines the time interval between periodic RIP broadcasts.
Regular RIP broadcasts are required to keep the routing tables of all MultiFRADs in the internetwork
consistent. Increasing the frequency of these broadcasts may consume precious bandwidth that
could have been used for transfer of other regular packets and has a recommended value of 30
seconds.
The Reassembly Timeout text box defines the amount of time the IP routing software will wait for all
the fragments of an IP datagram to arrive before discarding the partially reassembled datagram and
has a recommended value of 30 seconds.
The RIP Route Aging Time text box defines the time interval that must expire before an unused
route entry created by RIP is aged from the route table. The aging timer starts from the addition,
reference, or change of an RIP based routed entry and has a recommended value of 180 seconds.
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) group is not supported on this product.
The MultiFRAD supports Domain Name System (DNS) group is not support on this product.
The Default Route group defines the default route for the MultiFRAD. The IP Address field specifies
the full 32-bit IP host address of the next hop for packets being forwarded via default routing. The
MultiFRAD will automatically resolve the IP address to a port number via its IP route table. The Metric
defines the number of hops to the specified IP address and is typically set to a value of 1. If the
default route is for an unnumbered link, select the port from the Port combo box. Finally , whenever
you set up default routing, be sure to disable RIP based routing.
The Static Routes button displays a dialog box that enables you to view , add, edit, or delete static
routes to a target IP address (which can be the address of an IP host, an IP network, or an IP
subnetwork). You must specify the target host IP address and the Gateway Address in dotted decimal
form. The Gateway Address is the IP address of the MultiFRAD that is the next hop toward the target
host. The address mask is the subnet mask of the target IP host, and the Metric is the hop count to
the target host or subnet and can be either 0 or 1.
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Changing IPX Parameters
The IPX Setup dialog box controls the four frame types, the WAN ports setup, and the advanced tab
enables IPX routing, auto learn of Ethernet network numbers, and the distributed name of the
MultiFRAD.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
In IPX based networks using Ethernet, LAN segments can support the use of four different Ethernet
frame formats over the same physical link (provided each frame type has a unique network address
as a virtual port).
NetBIOS, when enabled, enables the transport of Novell encapsulated NetBIOS packets on the
specified virtual IPX port. Refer to Novell documentation regarding NetBIOS operation over NetWare
based LANs. The Hops text box defines the distance, in hops, for the routing of Novell encapsulated
NetBIOS frames on the specified virtual IPX port, and the recommended value is 8.
For most applications, the RIP and SAP default timers should not have to be changed. Under certain
circumstances, disabling IPX and SPX Watchdog Spoofing in the Bandwidth Optimization group has
proven effective.
Periodic RIP (Routing Information Protocol) refers to broadcasts transmitted from the RIP virtual IPX
port at a given frequency so all MultiFRADs on the internetwork maintain consistent routing tables.
Increasing the frequency of RIP broadcasts can consume excessive bandwidth, especially on lowspeed WAN links. Sixty seconds is the recommended interval between RIP broadcasts.
Periodic SAP (Service Advertisement Protocol) is used in IPX based networks to allow servers
(application servers, file servers, print servers, communication servers, etc.) to advertise their
presence on the internetwork. MultiFRADs use these advertisements to build up tables listing the
servers so they can then advertise these servers on the local segments and provide MultiFRADs to
the server. Client workstations can request a list of these servers from the MultiFRAD.
Discard Serialization Packets, when enabled (checked), causes the IPX MultiFRAD to discard
Novell NetWare File Server serialization security frames received from the specified virtual IPX port.
Novell NetWare File Servers implement broadcast frames, often referred to as security frames, that
contain serialization information regarding the license of the file server executable. This feature
permits filtering of these broadcasts to help reduce WAN traffic and is not intended to interfere with
copyright protection mechanisms. This feature is automatically turned on when Dial-On-Demand is
enabled in PPP port setup.
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
The IPX WAN Setup window allows you to enable or disable IPX routing on the W AN port, change
the network number for the WAN port, change the default RIP and SAP timers, and optimize the
bandwidth. The IPX WAN network number has to be the same on both ends of the link and must be
unique throughout the internetwork. If a WAN port is configured in a point-to-point operation, both
WAN network numbers have to be the same and unique.
If there is a server on the local segment, then IPX network number auto learn should be enabled. If
there is no server, or if for some reason the MultiFRAD comes up before the server does, the
MultiFRAD will default to some random network numbers after a short period of time.
The IPX WAN network number has to be the same on both ends of the link and must be unique
throughout the internetwork. If the WAN port is configured in a point to point configuration, both W AN
network numbers have to be the same and unique. If the WAN port is configured in a frame relay
configuration, both virtual WAN numbers have to be the same and unique. In a frame relay
configuration, the logical WAN network number has to be the same and unique at both ends of the
Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC).
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Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
The Advanced IPX Setup dialog box controls the routing of the protocol and auto learn of Ethernet
network numbers, defines the broadcast name of the MultiFRAD, and IPX filtering.
If bridging of IPX packets is desired, IPX routing must be disabled and frame type support for the
frame type must be enabled.
If there is a server on the local segment, then IPX network number auto learn should be enabled. If
there is no server, or if for some reason the MultiFRAD comes up before the server, the MultiFRAD
will default to some random network numbers after a short period of time.
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Changing Bridging Parameters
The Spanning Tree Setup dialog box controls transparent bridging when the Bridging option is
enabled. If there are any loops or redundant links in the internetwork, then Spanning Tree Algorithm
option must be used. Spanning Tree is a method of transparent bridging, as opposed to source route
bridging which the MultiFRAD does not support.
The MultiFRAD defaults with one logical WAN port. It is not necessary to map this port to a DLCI;
however, care should be taken if additional logical WANs are created. Additional W ANs will default to
a disabled state. If they are to be used, they must be mapped to a DLCI. In most applications, the
forwarding state should be enabled on the first logical WAN and blocking should be set on any
additional WANs. The MultiFRAD will make the transition from blocking to forwarding automatically
when it is required.
46
WAN Port Setup
The WAN Port Setup dialog box controls how the port is configured (i.e., frame relay or point-topoint). If the WAN port is configured for frame relay, then the mode of the port is synchronous. If the
port is configured for point-to-point, then the mode can be either synchronous or asynchronous. If
the mode is asynchronous, then the connection method can be either answering or dialing. If the
connection method is dialing, then a number to be dialed has to be entered in the dial number field
and the modem type chosen in this field.
If the Frame Relay Device Driver is chosen, the MultiFRAD encapsulates data on its composite link
for transmission over a frame relay network. Enabling this device driver requires additional frame
relay configuration by choosing the Frame Relay button in the Main Menu.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
If the PPP/SLIP mode is chosen, the MultiFRAD is configured for a point-to-point configuration which
allows for communication between two sites without using a frame relay network. Enabling this
device driver allows for either an asynchronous or synchronous device to be connected between two
sites. If an asynchronous device is choosen, the Asynchronous Mode is enabled and the Baud Rate
needs to be set. When the Asynchronous Mode is enabled, the Connection Method group is
activated with the Direct Connect/Leased Line and Answering options enabled. If the Asynchronous
device is using a dial up connection, and you are initiating the communications, you need to enable
the Dialing option and enter the number to be dialed in the Dial Number field.
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Point to Point Setup
The Point to Point Setup dialog box controls the WAN port protocol, dial on demand, and remote port
setup. The WAN port protocol can be either Point to Point Protocol (PPP) or Serial Line Internet
Protocol (SLIP). PPP is the more robust of the two protocols in that it allows the end-points to
negotiate use of the link and protocol parameters in a standardized way and also allows for
standardized encapsulation of the packets. SLIP is an older protocol and requires manual
authentication using a script.
Note: At this time, the MultiFRAD does not support voice/fax operation in a Point-to-Point
configuration.
In order to display the PPP dialog box, the WAN Port Setup dialog box has to be configured for PPP/
SLIP.
48
PPP is the default protocol. If SLIP is being used, click the PPP Enable option to disable PPP. Click
the SLIP Enable option. Determine if the TCP header is going to be compressed using VJC
compression. If VJC compression is used, click the CSLIP (Van Jacobson Compression) option.
Frame Relay Setup
The Frame Relay dialog box displays the CIR Measurement Interval in milliseconds, the
Management T ype and details of that management type, and the number of DLCI’ s that are active.
The MultiFRAD can detect DLCIs and the Management T ype when you are connected to an active
frame relay service. So it is important that if you change any frame relay parameters, that the new
parameters agree with the way your frame relay service is provisioned.
In the Frame Relay Setup dialog box, you can change the Management T ype by choosing one of the
three options. The detail parameters for that option are displayed to the right of the Management
Type. For example, in the above dialog box, Annex D is the chosen management type with the Full
Status Enquiry Interval [N391] set to 6 down thru Polling Verification Timer [T392] set to 15.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
Usually , you will have no need to change the management type because the MultiFRAD will
automatically detect the network’s management type at power-up, or when the network becomes
active. This feature takes about 1 to 2 minutes to detect the management type and get a list of the
DLCI’s.
Occasionally the Management T ype parameters can be changed to correct a problem. In these
cases making the following changes could alleviate the problem:
1. Change the Link Integrity Verification Timer. This feature sets how often the MultiFRAD verifies
that the link is good. Changing the setting from the default value of 10 seconds, to a lower value, i.e.,
5 seconds, will increase the frequency of those verifications.
2. Change the Full Status Enquiry Interval to affect how often DCLI Status is updated. This
parameter defines how often the MultiFRAD will send a request for DLCI status information along
with the Link Integrity Verification request. The default value is to include such a request every sixth
time the link integrity is checked. A value less than every sixth request will allow faster detection of
active/inactive DLCIs, but will also produce a slight increase in management overhead.
3. Change the Monitored Events Count and the Error Threshold to affect the MultiFRAD’s
sensitivity to errors on the link. Every management frame received by the MultiFRAD is considered
an event, and if the link integrity sequence numbers are wrong, for example, it is considered an
“errored” event. With the default settings, if Error Threshold is 3 and Monitored Events Count is 4,
and 3 out of 4 events are “errored”, then the link is considered to be bad, and the FRAD stops
sending on all DLCIs and restarts the initial procedures to activate the link.
4. Change the CIR Measurement Interval to change the time frame in which the FRAD calculates
throughput for each DLCI. By default, every 1000 milliseconds (1 second), the MultiFRAD calculates
how much information has been sent on each DLCI, and depending on the congestion management
option for a DLCI the MultiFRAD may stop sending on that DLCI because it has exceeded its CIR or
CIR+Be rating. By changing the CIR Measurement interval, the throughput calculations can be made
more or less often.
Note: performance could be compromised if the MultiFRAD is set to calculate throughput too often.
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
If you click the DLCI button on the right side of the dialog box, the Frame Relay DLCI dialog box is
displayed.
If you have connected to a frame relay service, this dialog box should display your current DLCI
numbers automatically . It also shows the protocol mappings of the highlighted DLCI, which data
ports are mapped to it, and how you set up your Congestion Management, Mode, CIR, and Be
values. To change the mapping of a DLCI, highlight the DLCI number in the list on the left side of the
dialog box. The dialog box will then display the mappings of that DLCI. To add a new DLCI that has
not been auto-detected, click the New (+) button and the Frame Relay New DLCI dialog box is
displayed.
To add a new DLCI Number, enter the number in the Enter DLCI Number window. You do not have
to enter the leading zeros.
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Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
When you click the OK button, the new DLCI appears in the DLCI’s window in the Frame Relay DLCI
dialog box.
When a DLCI has just been detected, or if you have just made a new DLCI, no data ports and
protocols are mapped to it. The default Congestion Management, mode, CIR, and Be are displayed.
You should verify these default settings with how your new DLCI is provisioned by you service
provider.
Congestion Management, Mode, and CIR/Be settings are used to avoid congestion and possible loss
of data. The Committed Information Rate (CIR) and Excess Burst rate (Be) settings are throughput
amounts determined by the network and user when each DLCI is ordered. The CIR is the basic
throughput which the network will try to set aside for that DLCI. It will always be equal to or less than
the actual access rate of the physical line (i.e., if the frame relay physical link is a 56K DDS line, the
sum of the CIRs of all DLCIs on that link should not exceed 56K bps). The Be is the excess burst
throughput rate (added to CIR) that the network should accept for that DLCI before significant loss of
data occurs due to the discarding of frames during times of congestion. Note, however, that in frame
relay there is no absolute guarantee of a congestion-free link, regardless of CIR and Be settings.
The CIR and Be settings on the MultiFRAD should match the settings that the network has
provisioned.
The Congestion Management and Mode settings determine how the MultiFRAD handles congestion.
The Mode selects whether the MultiFRAD should use its own throughput calculations to avoid
congestion, or simply send data to the network as fast as possible. The MultiFRAD calculates
throughput after every CIR Measurement Interval, and can limit throughput to either the CIR (Adhere
to CIR) or the CIR plus the Be (Adhere to CIR+Be). The Congestion Management setting selects
whether the MultiFRAD should stop sending data when congestion is indicated (Stop and Start), or
gradually reduce throughput during times of congestion (Throttle Up and Down).
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Compression can be enabled on a per-DLCI basis by clicking on the Others-Compression box. If
compression is required, it must be enabled on both the local and remote ends of the PVC.
To map a protocol to a DLCI (e.g., 17), return to the Main Menu and then click the protocol stack that
you are using. In the lower left part of the protocol stack dialog box, a list of Logical WANs is
displayed. To add a new logical WAN, click the Add (+) button and the next logical WAN number will
appear in the list on the left hand side of the dialog box.
For example lets map our new IP WAN 2 to our new DLCI 17. IP WAN 2 hypothetically requires an
IP Port Address of 200.2.12.1, an IP Mask of 255.255.255.0, and a remote IP Address of 200.2.12.2.
From the Main Menu, click the IP button. The IP Setup dialog box is displayed. Click the WAN tab at
the top of the dialog box. The WAN parameters are displayed. Click the Add (+) button and WAN 2
is added to the List of Logical WANs. Default IP addresses will be displayed for the Port Address
and Remote Address and a default IP Mask will appear in its window. If either address or mask
needs to be changed, click the appropriate window and the change the numbers.
52
When you click the OK button in the IP WAN dialog box, you now have an IP address for a second
logical WAN. Now we have to tie that IP address to a DLCI which in our example is DLCI 17. Now,
return to the Frame Relay DLCI dialog box and high light DLCI 17. Click the Protocol Mappings Map
IP Address down arrow and the IP address 200.2.12.1 appears. Click on this address and now IP
address 200.2.12.1 is mapped to DLCI 17.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
We now have WAN IP address 200.2.12.1 from the IP protocol stack mapped to DLCI 17. Let’s say
we also want to map a data channel to DLCI 17. The data ports that are already mapped to other
DLCIs are grayed out. In our example, lets map data port 3 to DLCI 17. Simply click Port 3 in the
Data Port Mappings group and an X appears in the box at the left of Port 3. Now we have both data
port 3 and IP WAN address 200.2.12.1 mapped to DLCI 17. The MultiFRAD allows multiple sources
of data to be mapped to the same DLCI because the MultiFRAD multiplexes all the data onto the
DLCI. In other words, bandwidth for that DLCI is shared by all the data sources mapped to the DLCI.
Of course, this means that all the data sources must go to the same remote site, since the frame
relay network will send all data on DLCI 17 to the same place.
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Data Port Configuration
The Data Port Configuration dialog box allows you to change the parameters of the data transferred
between the data device and the MultiFRAD. The MultiFRAD can transfer data between the data
device and MultiFRAD in either synchronous or asynchronous mode. If your data device is an
asynchronous device, choose the Configure Asynchronous option and configure the MultiFRAD to
match your device. If the data device is a synchronous device, choose the Configure Synchronous
option and configure the MultiFRAD to match your synchronous device. The Data Port Configuration
dialog box also allows you to configure each channel independently .
For example, port 1 could be connected to a Multi-Tech MultiMux MMH904. In this situation, port 1
could be configured with the following options:
• Data Port Mode set to APSM (Advanced Priority Statistical Multiplexing),
• Synchronous Configuration,
• Internal Clocking with Speed set to 19200,
• Encoding Scheme set to NRZ for all Multi-Tech Muxes,
• Between Frames set to Send Flags, and
• InterFrame Timer (in ms) has to be off.
The MMH904 would have to be configured for an external composite link device. This means that
the 8-position DIP Switch on the MMH904 would have to be toggled to the closed position and an
external composite link cable connected between the MMH904 and the MultiFRAD Channel
connector.
In most applications, the encoding scheme, interframe timer, and between frames will be used at their
default settings. If you are unsure of your device’s configuration, start with the defaults or refer to
your device’s documentation.
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Changing Voice/Fax Channel Parameters
The Voice/Fax channel parameters include the interface type and its options, voice and fax settings,
and voice communications for the region of the world that the MultiFRAD resides in. The Channel
Setup dialog box is accessed from the Main MultiFRAD menu. The Channel Setup dialog boxes
contain three tabs that partition the channels into three categories, i.e., interface, voice/fax, and
regional.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
Interface
The interface tab defines the parameters related to the physical interface of the voice/fax channel.
Depending on the interface type selected (FXS, FXO, or E&M), other options on the interface tab will
turn grey (become inactive) indicating that they do not apply to the selected interface. Max Dial
Digits, Inter Digit Time and Autocall features apply to all interface types.
The Max Dial Digits indicates the maximum number of digits the MultiFRAD will allow you to enter in
the Phone Directory Database. This value is the number of digits, not an actual phone number . As
soon as you have entered this number of digits, the MultiFRAD searches the database for a DLCI
that matches the phone number. The range for the Max Dial Digits is from zero to 16 digits with a
default of five.
The Inter Digit Time (in milliseconds) option in the Dialing Options group defines the amount of time
the MultiFRAD waits between digits before searching the Phone Directory Database. The range for
this option is 200 to 10,000 with a default of 2,000.
The Auto Call option allows the local MultiFRAD to call a remote MultiFRAD without the user having
to dial a Phone Directory Database number. As soon as you access the local MultiFRAD voice/fax
channel, the MultiFRAD immediately connects to the remote MultiFRAD that you identified in the
Remote MultiFRAD Phone Number field of this option.
FXS Interface
The FXS Interface is used to connect telephones, fax machines, key telephone systems, etc., to the
MultiFRAD. In addition, you need to select either Loop Start or Ground Start. Most of the equipment
mentioned will use Loop Start which is the default.
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
FXO Interface
The FXO Interface is used to connect PBX extensions or central office telephone lines. You also,
need to select DTMF or Pulse dialing in the Regeneration field of the Dialing Options group. If you
are unsure of the correct selection, contact the personnel in charge of your PBX or your local
telephone company to determine whether pulse or DTMF should be used.
E&M Interface
The E&M Interface is used to connect PBX E&M trunks. You will need to select between Dial Tone or
Wink signaling and also between 2-wire and 4-wire mode. If wink signaling is selected, the wink
timer field becomes active with a range from 100 to 350 milliseconds. Contact the personnel in
charge of your PBX to determine the proper configuration of these settings.
Voice/Fax
The Voice/Fax tab controls the voice coder, Fax settings, DTMF gain, and some miscellaneous
options.
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The MultiFRAD supports many state-of-the art ITU (International Telecommunications Union) voice
standards. The Voice Coder drop-down menu enables you to select from a range of standards with
specific bandwidths. The higher the bps rate, the more bandwidth is used. The channel that you are
calling has to have the same voice coder selected.
The Fax group enables a fax machine to transmit and receive faxes through the MultiFRAD. If a fax
machine is connected to one of the voice/fax channels, the Max Baud Rate should be set to match
the baud rate of the fax machine. This setting should be changed only under the direction of MultiTech’s Technical Support personnel (see Chapter 6).
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
Regional
The regional tab controls the voice communications for the region that the MultiFRAD resides in.
From the Country/Region drop-down list you can select the region or country for which you are
configuring the MultiFRAD. The Tone Pairs group displays the tones used in the region you selected.
The Pulse Generation Ratio group contains two ratios, the 60/40 is basically for the USA and the
67/33 ratio is for international applications.
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Changing the Phone Directory Database
The phone directory database defines each FRAD Phone Number in your MultiFRAD network. To
access this database you would click on the Phone Book button in the Main MultiFRAD menu. You
can add, delete, or edit any entry in the database.
The Station Phone Number window displays the Phone Numbers that are reachable from this voice
gateway, and the Station Information group displays the details of that phone number.
To add a phone number, click Add(+) in the Phone Directory Database dialog box and the Add/Edit
Phone Entry dialog box is displayed. Assign the new Phone Number, then add a Description
(optional), select the Voice Channel number and type the DLCI number is the fields provided. When
done, click OK and the Station Phone Number dialog box is displayed.
To change or delete an existing phone number, highlight the number in the Station Phone Number
window and click on either the Edit or Delete(-) button. If you are editing an existing phone number,
the Add/Edit Phone Entry dialog box is displayed.
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The MultiFRAD phone number does not have to be a conventional telephone number; for example, it
does not have to be 717-5565. It can be a single digit or many digits with the exception that it can not
be longer than the entry in the Max Dial Digits field in the Dialing Options group of the Channel
Setup dialog box.
Others Setup
Clicking the Others button on the main menu displays the Others Setup dialog box. This dialog box
lets you enable SNMP Agent (the default is disabled) and set up all the necessary parameters;
enable or disable various remote configuration methods such as TFTP (T rivial File Transfer Protocol)
Server, W eb Server, Dumb Terminal, and T elnet Server; and assign a Password to the MultiFRAD for
Internet security. These applications enable remote viewing and changing of the MultiFRAD
configuration, or updating firmware, from anywhere on the connected internetwork.
Verify that the desired applications are enabled (checked). The default condition is all applications are
checked. To disable a given application, click to uncheck the check box and disable support.
SNMP related operations can be performed only when the SNMP Agent is enabled (checked) on this
dialog box. The IP address of the system (i.e., SNMP Manager) that will receive the Traps from the
Multifrad should be entered in the IP Address field in the Trap Manager group. The Community
Name of the SNMP Manager receiving the Traps can be a maximum of 19 characters and is case
sensitive. The default Port Number of the SNMP Manager receiving the Traps is 162. The MultiFRAD
currently supports a maximum of two community users at a time, and they can be assigned either
Read/Write or Read Only rights.
The MultiFRAD Password field allows you to enter a password, up to 13 aplhanumberic characters,
to be used for Internet Security. Once the password is enterred, remote users will be queried to enter
the password before gaining access to the MultiFRAD.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
For more information on using these applications, click the on-line Help button or refer to Chapter 5,
Remote Configuration and Management.
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Enable Logging of Statistics
Clicking the Log Setup button on the Others Setup dialog box displays the Log Statistics dialog box
which lets you Enable/Disable Logging, set the time interval (in minutes) between logging, and either
Log all Statistics or only those statistics that you enable (check) on this dialog box.
60
Statistics
The Statistics dialog box allows you to view statistics on the major events of the MultiFRAD. The
Statistic dialog box changes depending on the way the WAN port is configured. If the MultiFRAD is
configured in a point-to-point configuration, the button to the right of the WAN changes to PPP and
the DLCI button will be grayed out. If the WAN port is configured for a frame relay configuration, then
the button to the right of the WAN changes to Frame Relay and the DLCI button is active.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
Statistics can be a helpful troubleshooting tool. For example, viewing the WAN Statistics you can
see if the MultiFRAD is sending or receiving on its composite link or WAN port. When the MultiFRAD
is configured in a frame relay mode, it will transmit management frames approximately every ten
seconds, trying to establish communication with the provider’s switch. If the unit is sending frames
but not receiving any , this may be an indication of a problem with the link device or the frame relay
network. Statistics in the frame relay dialog box actually show the number of management frames
being sent and received, and can also indicate a link or frame relay network problem. (One way to
determine if a problem is local would be to set your DSU to internal clocking and put it in loopback by
means of a DSU loopback cable (RJ-45). If the MultiFRAD, the cable and the DSU are all functioning
properly , the WAN statistics will reflect that fact by showing the same amount of bytes received as
transmitted.)
Another helpful statistic screen is DLCI. It reflects the status of the PVC, i.e., active or inactive and
whether or not the MultiFRAD is experiencing network congestion (reflected by FECNs or BECNs
received).
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
IP Statistics
IP is a connection-less network protocol that resides in the network layer of a conventional OSI
layered model. Depending on what is going on at the application layer, IP will typically use one of two
transport layer protocols. User Datagram Protocol (UDP), a connection-less transport layer protocol
used with TFTP or SNMP; and Transport Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented transport
layer protocol used with FTP, Telnet, and SMTP.
UDP makes use of the port concept and has no measures for flow control, reliability, or error
recovery. It is used when the full services of TCP are not required, and the reliability measures must
be assumed by another layer.
TCP works well in environments where the reliability measures are not assumed by other layers. It is
connection-oriented and has a full range of services.
For the most part these statistics are informational, and their use as a troubleshooting tool will be
contingent on the applications running in the upper layers. For instance, if you were having problems
connecting to MultiFRAD’s web server , you would look under the TCP section to see if any
connections are being established. If not, that may indicate the web server is not enabled. Or, if you
were having problems establishing a remote connection through TFTP, you could look in the UDP
section to see if any packets are being received. If not, you may need to review your network
addressing.
The Port Tab allows you to view generic IP statistics for a given Ethernet IP Port. Either the Ethernet
(LAN) port, or any logical IP WAN port statistics can be viewed in this window. The practicality of
statistical use in troubleshooting will depend on the application running in the upper layers.
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Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
IPX Port Statistics
The IPX Port Statistics dialog box displays information pertaining to the IPX Port, for example, the
frame type used or the number of packets transmitted/received.
IPX is a network layer protocol that is usually associated with Novell NetwareTM networks. It allows
for encapsulation of four different frame types over a single physical LAN connection (provided each
frame type has a unique network address): RAW (802.3), LLC (802.2), Ethernet II, and SNAP.
These statistics are mostly informational but could be useful for troubleshooting. For instance, if
there was a question as to which frame type your workstation was using, you could view the statistics
for each frame type and determine which one is being used by the amount of packets transmitted and
received.
STP (Spanning Tree) Port Statistics
The STP (Spanning T ree) Port Statistics dialog box displays information regarding the selected STP
port, for example, the number of frames discarded or forwarded.
Spanning Tree transParent (STP) bridging is the method of bridging used by the MultiFRAD as
specified in IEEE 802.1d standard. Enabling the spanning tree algorithm in addition to spanning tree
bridging provides for a loop-free environment with redundant paths (if present) that will transition from
blocking to forwarding automatically in case of a root bridge failure.
The STP Port statistics are mostly informative but may be helpful in troubleshooting. For example,
viewing the number of forward transitions could indicate if the port has ever become active (in which
case forward transitions will be greater than zero).
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
SNMP Statistics
The SNMP Statistics dialog box provides statistical information on Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP).
SNMP is an application layer protocol that facilitates the exchange of management information
between network devices. There are three key components in SNMP: the devices that are to be
managed, agents, and the network management systems. The managed device is the network
device, like a MultiFRAD. The agent is the software module residing in the managed device
pertaining to network management. The network management system runs the SNMP application
that controls the managed devices and monitors their status. There are four primary operations
performed using SNMP. They are Set, Get, Get Next, and Trap.
You can use these statistics to help troubleshoot in the event you have a problem communicating
with the MultiFRAD from your SNMP manager .
WAN Statistics
The WAN Statistics dialog box provides statistical information regarding the MultiFRAD’s WAN port,
including the number of packets transmitted/received, and total bytes transmitted/received.
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Chapter 5 - Remote Configuration and Management
The WAN Port Statistics dialog box pertains to the traffic on the MultiFRAD’s composite link (WAN)
port. The Statistics that fall into “Others” category relate to the physical layer between the MultiFRAD
and the link device, i.e. the CSU/DSU. These statistics can be helpful in troubleshooting suspected
problems at the physical layer, i.e., the WAN port itself, the link device (CSU/DSU), and any
associated cabling.
PPP Statistics
The PPP Statistics dialog box provides statistical information related to Point-to-Pint Protocol (PPP).
For example, this dialog box displays the current protocol and compression methods enabled.
The statistics in this dialog box will only apply when you are accessing your network remotely with a
PPP client. The Network Control Protocol (NCP) is the means by which PPP clients negotiate the
network-layer protocols. IP and IPX network-layer protocols are supported on the MultiFRAD.
The Link Control Protocol (LCP) is the means by which PPP clients negotiate and configure the data
link for a given PPP connection.
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Data Port Statistics
The Data Port Statistics dialog box displays statistical information, such as bytes or blocks received/
transmitted, for the various data ports.
This window shows the statistics for all data channels. By highlighting and double clicking on a
particualr port, you can view the individual channel statistics, as well as various hardware signals
(CTS, RTS, DSR, DCD, DTR) and XON/XOFF status. It also gives an indication of buffer utilization
and receive flow time.
These may be indicators that either the data channels, or more likely the devices attached to them,
are being driven harder than they should be. Excessive buffer utilization and/or receive flow control
time can usually be reduced or eliminated by slowing the speed at which the channel is operating.
Note: When you double-click a particular Port number, the following screen is displayed.
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Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
Frame Relay Statistics
The Frame Relay Management Statistics dialog box can be a useful tool for troubleshooting
MultiFRAD installations and monitoring the performance of active links, and determining if the
MultiFRAD is talking to the provider’s switch.
The Polling Details section lists the various management frames sent and received. For every
Status Enquiry Sent, a Status Response should be received from the network. Likewise, for every
Full Status Enquiry Sent, there should be one Full Status Response received. The two status
enquiry types are used by the FRAD to verify that the frame relay network is operational, and to
determine which DLCIs are active. Under default settings a status enquiry is sent every ten seconds,
and every sixth enquiry will be a Full Status Enquiry .
The Enquiries Sent and the Responses Received should increment together, and should be equal
under normal circumstances. Any gap between them reflects a breakdown in communication with
the provider’s switch, and will be reflected as Missed Status Responses.
The Status Errors section lists the number of errors that have occurred. A Missed Status Response
means that the frame relay network did not respond to a status enquiry from the MultiFRAD before
the next status enquiry was sent (by default there are 10 seconds between status enquiries).
A Sequence Error means that the sequence numbers in a received status response do not match
what the MultiFRAD expected based on its Status Enquiry . Basically, the Status Enquiry has two
numbers (or counts), and one should be incremented by the network and then both numbers should
be returned to the FRAD in the Status Response. Sequence Number Errors also reflect missing
packets between the MultiFRAD and the switch, but should not be a cause for alarm unless they are
incrementing rapidly and steadily .
The Link Details section records the number of times the frame relay link between the MultiFRAD
and the network has gone up (become active) or gone down (become inactive). The Link Details
provide a more general picture of the status of communication between the MultiFRAD and the frame
relay network.
The DLCI Statistics dialog box shows the individual DLCI status and statistics. This information can
be helpful in determining if the DLCI is active, if it is going up and down, and if the MultiFRAD is
experiencing frame relay network congestion (FECN/BECN). It also gives an indication of the
momentary throughput on individual DLCIs.
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
When trying to troubleshoot a frame relay circuit, once it has been established that management
frames are being sent and received, the next step is to determine whether the DLCIs are becoming
active. This is dialog box that will give that indication. A FRAD needs to be present at both ends for
the DLCI to be active. Keep in mind that the frame relay network tells the FRAD the status of the
PVC with one of its status responses. But the network will not say the PVC is active until it has
established management communication at both ends of the PVC. If the FRADs at both ends of the
PVC show that they are communicating with the frame relay network and the DLCI still shows active,
and there is a communication problem over that PVC, there may be a problem with your service
provider. If all DLCIs show active at both (or all) locations and there is still an end-to-end
communication problem, it is likely that it is in the configuration of the MultiFRAD. At that point you
should review your protocol stack/data port parameters and DLCI mappings.
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3000-Series
Router/Multiport Data/Voice/Fax
Frame Relay Access Device
Chapter 5 - Remote Configuration and Management
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Introduction
This chapter provides procedures for viewing or changing the configuration of a remote unit. T wo
methods are provided to access a remote unit; the first method is modem based and the second
method is using IP. Within the IP method, three applications can be used: 1) LAN-Based using TFTP
(Trivial lFile Transfer Protocol), 2)Telnet as a client application, or 3) a standard web browser on the
Internet.
Remote Configuration
Remote configuration requires the MultiFRAD software to be loaded on the local PC. The local PC
then controls the remote MultiFRAD either via the modem connection or the LAN.
Modem-Based
To remotely configure a MultiFRAD, a local PC needs to be connected to a dial-up line and the
MultiFRAD software configured to call the remote MultiFRAD. The remote MultiFRAD needs to have
a modem connected to a dial-up line and the Command Port. Once the connection to the remote unit
is made, you can change the configuration as you see fit. Once the configuration is changed, you can
down load the new configuration to the remote MultiFRAD. Refer to the Modem-Based Remote
Configuration Procedure in this chapter to remotely configure a MultiFRAD.
1 At the remote site, remove the serial cable from the PC to the Command Port connector on the
back panel of the MultiFRAD.
2 At the remote site, connect a special cable (Remote Configuration Cable) from the Command
Port connector on the back panel of the MultiFRAD to the RS232 connector on the modem. The
special cable is a serial cable with male connectors on both ends. Refer to Appendix A for cable
details.
Connect the modem to your local telephone line.
Provide your telephone number to the person verifying your configuration.
Configure the remote modem for 19200 baud and turn on Force DTR.
3 At the main site, connect your local PC to a modem that is connected to a dial-up line.
4 Install the MultiFRAD software on the local PC. When installed, click Start | Programs |
MultiFRAD 3000 | Configuration Port Setup, or double click the Configuration Port icon in the
MultiFRAD 3000 program group.
5 The FR3000 Port Setup dialog box is displayed.
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Chapter 5 - Remote Configuration and Management
Verify that the Communication Type field is set for COM Port and the Select Port field matches
the COM port of your local PC.
In the Dial String field, enter the AT command for dialing (ATDT) plus the phone number of the
remote MultiFRAD.
If your Modem Initialization String, Initialization Response, or Connect Response values are
different from the defaults in the dialog box, refer to your modem user documentation and change
the values to match those required by your modem.
Click OK when you are satisfied with your selections.
6 Run the MultiFRAD Configuration program. Click Start | Programs | MultiFRAD 3000 | MultiFRAD
Configuration, or double click the MultiFRAD Configuration icon in the MultiFRAD 3000 program
group.
7 The Dialing MultiFRAD Dialog Box is displayed while software is dialing the remote MultiFRAD.
8 The Reading Setup Dialog Box is displayed.
9 The FR3000 Setup dialog box is displayed. This is the dialog box of the remote MultiFRAD.
Refer to the online Help provided within your software for a description of each dialog box and
field within a dialog box.
10 After you have changed the configuration of the remote MultiFRAD, click the Download Setup
button to update the configuration. The remote MultiFRAD will be brought down, the new
configuration written to the unit, and the unit will reboot.
11 Click Exit after the downloading is complete.
12 The Hangup connection with MultiFRAD? dialog box is displayed
Click Yes to disconnect the phone connection to the remote site.
13 If the same telephone number is not going to be used again in the immediate future, you may
want to remove it from the Port Setup dialog box.
14 At the remote site, reconnect the MultiFRAD to the serial port of the PC and from the Program
Manager screen click the MultiFRAD Configuration Icon to verify that the MultiFRAD is running.
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
LAN-Based
TheLAN-based remote configuration requires a Windows Sockets compliant TCP/IP stack. TCP/IP
protocol software must be installed and functional before the configuration program can be used.
1 You must assign an Internet (IP) address for the PC and for each node that will be managed by
the configuration program. Refer to the protocol software documentation for instructions on how
to set the IP addresses.
Once you have completed this step, you should be able to use the protocol Ping command for
the PC host name. You should also test the network interface configuration by Pinging another
TCP/IP device that is connected to the network.
2 Install the MultiFRAD software on the local PC. When installed, click Start | Programs |
MultiFRAD 3000 | Configuration Port Setup, or double click the Configuration Port icon in the
MultiFRAD 3000 program group.
3 The FR3000 Port Setup dialog box is displayed.
Verify that the Communication Type field is set IP.
In the MultiFRAD IP Address field, enter the IP Address of the remote MultiFRAD.
4 Click OK when you are satisfied with your selections.
5 Run the MultiFRAD Configuration program. Click Start | Programs | MultiFRAD 3000 | MultiFRAD
Configuration, or double click the MultiFRAD Configuration icon in the MultiFRAD 3000 program
group.
The Reading Setup dialog box is displayed.
6 The FR3000 Setup dialog box is displayed. This is the dialog box of the remote MultiFRAD.
Refer to the online help provided with your MultiFRAD for the definition of each dialog box and
field within a dialog box.
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Chapter 6 - Warranty, Service and Tech Support
7 After you have changed the configuration of the remote MultiFRAD, click Download Setup to
update the configuration. The remote MultiFRAD will be brought down, the new configuration
written to the unit, and the unit will reboot.
8 Click Exit after the downloading is complete.
9 Double-click the MultiFRAD Configuration icon in the MultiFRAD 3000 program group to verify
that the MultiFRAD is running.
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Remote Management
This section describes typical client applications that can be used to configure the MultiFRAD
remotely. It is important to note that although any subsequent changes to configuration can be made
using these applications, the initial setup and configuration of the MultiFRAD must be done on the
local PC, using the MultiFRAD software provided with your unit.
Although establishing access to the MultiFRAD varies between applications, the configuration
functions mirror those of the MultiFRAD software. For more information on MultiFRAD software, refer
to Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software.
Telnet
A typical Telnet client application is described next. The MultiFRAD has a built-in Telnet Server that
enables Telnet client PCs to access the MultiFRAD. A typical Telnet client is allowed to configure the
MultiFRAD and its data ports. In addition, the MultiFRAD can be remotely accessed and configured
from anywhere on the Internet through its Web interface. A typical TCP/IP program group is shown
below with a Tcpman icon and a Telnet icon.
The TCP/IP stack has to be loaded before the Telnet client (a Windows application) will run. The
Telnet Server option has to be selected from the Applications Setup dialog box using the Applications
Setup dialog box using the MultiFRAD Configuration icon and the Others button on the FR3000
Setup dialog box. Double-click the Telnet icon (or shortcut) and a blank Telnet screen is displayed.
Click Connect | Remote System. and the Connect dialog box is displayed. Select (or enter) a Host
Name (the IP address of the MultiFRAD). In this example, the IP Host Name is 200.2.9.1.
When you enter a valid Host Name (IP address) and click the Connect button, you are immediately
connected to the target MultiFRAD and the MultiFRAD Management Menu screen is displayed.
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Chapter 5 - Remote Configuration and Management
MultiFRAD Management Menu
The MultiFRAD management menu provides two options; MultiFRAD Configuration and Remote User
Database. The MultiFRAD Configuration options allow you to select the protocol stack, high or low
level device drivers, applications, Mux data ports, filtering, priority , or system information. The
Remote User Database option enables you to build and maintain a user database for remote access.
When you enter a password in the Applications Setup dialog box in the MultiFRAD Software, once
you choose an option from the MultiFRAD Telnet Server dialog box, you must enter your password
before your choice is accepted.
MultiFRAD Configuration
The MultiFRAD Configuration option enables you to view and change parameters on the protocol
stacks, high and low level device drivers, enable or disable the supported servers, configure MUX
data ports, set up filtering and priority , or view system information.
To select an option, enter the number of the option and hit the Enter key . For example, to select the
Protocol Stacks option, type 1 <Enter>. For details on a parameter, refer to the online helps.
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Remote User Database
The Remote User Database option from the MultiFRAD management menu allows you add and
configure a list of users who will access the MultiFRAD remotely. After selecting Remote User
Database (type 2 <Enter>) from the main menu, type A <Enter> to add a new user to the database.
The following list of options is displayed:
By selecting and configuring the various options and entering the desired information, you can
construct a database of remote users for the MultiFRAD. For a detailed description of each option,
refer to the online help provided in your MultiFRAD software.
WEB Browser Management
The MultiFRAD can be accessed, via a standard Web browser, from anywhere on the connected
Internet. WEB Server must be checked (enabled) on the Others Setup dialog box to enable the
function. Depending on the rights of the user (read/write, or read only), it is possible to view the
current parameters and statistics of the MultiFRAD as well as configure and download setup changes
to the MultiFRAD.
You can access MultiFRAD Configuration by typing the IP Address of the unit into the address line of
your web browser. In this example, the IP address is 200.2.9.1.
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Chapter 5 - Remote Configuration and Management
Click the word Login to gain access to the MultiFRAD. The following screen appears:
Type supervisor in the User Name field (no password needed) and click OK. The MultiFRAD 3000
Configuration screen is displayed.
Note: the first user to access the MultiFRAD will have read/write rights over the unit. All subsequent
users will have read only rights, and therefore, some of the options within the Web interface will be
inactive (i.e., will not be linked).
From the MultiFRAD 3000 Configuration screen, you can access current settings and view
statistics, as well as configure and download a new setup to the MultiFRAD.
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3000-Series
Router/Multiport Data/Voice/Fax
Frame Relay Access Device
Chapter 6 - Warranty, Service and Tech Support
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Introduction
This chapter provides the information necessary for receiving service or support for your MultiFRAD.
The chapter starts with a description of the warranty , and continues with instructions for contacting
the Service department, Technical Support group, and various Multi-Tech internet resources.
Limited Warranty
Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. (“MTS”) warrants that its products will be free from defects in material or
workmanship for a period of two years from the date of purchase, or if proof of purchase is not
provided, two years from date of shipment. MTS MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESSED
OR IMPLIED, AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED. This warranty does not apply to any
products which have been damaged by lightning storms, water, or power surges or which have been
neglected, altered, abused, used for a purpose other than the one for which they were manufactured,
repaired by the customer or any party without MTS’s written authorization, or used in any manner
inconsistent with MTS’s instructions.
MTS’s entire obligation under this warranty shall be limited (at MTS’s option) to repair or replacement
of any products which prove to be defective within the warranty period, or, at MTS’ s option, issuance
of a refund of the purchase price. Defective products must be returned by Customer to MTS’s factory
transportation prepaid.
MTS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES AND UNDER NO
CIRCUMSTANCES WILL ITS LIABILITY EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE FOR DEFECTIVE
PRODUCTS.
On-line Warranty Registration
If you would like to register your MultiFRAD electronically, you can do so at the following address:
http://www.multitech.com/register/
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Tech Support
Multi-Tech has an excellent staff of technical support personnel available to help you get the most out
of your Multi-Tech product. If you have any questions about the operation of this unit, call 1-800-972-
2439. Please fill out the MultiFRAD information (below), and have it available when you call. If your
MultiFRAD requires service, the tech support specialist will guide you on how to send in your
equipment (refer to the next section).
Recording MultiFRAD Information
Please fill in the following information on your MultiFRAD. This will help tech support in answering
your questions. (The same information is requested on the Warranty Registration Card.)
Model No.: _________________________
Serial No.: _________________________
Software Version: ____________________
The model and serial numbers are on the bottom of your MultiFRAD.
Please note the type of external link device that is connected to your MultiFRAD before calling tech
support. Also, note the status of your MultiFRAD including LED indicators, screen messages,
diagnostic test results, DIP-Switch settings, problems with a specific application, etc. Use the space
below to note the status:
Chapter 6 - Warranty, Service and Tech Support
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Contacting Tech Support via E-mail
If you prefer to receive service on-line, via the internet, you can contact Tech Support via e-mail at
the following address:
http://www.multitech.com/_forms/email_tech_support.htm
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Service
If your tech support specialist decides that service is required, your MultiFRAD may be sent (freight
prepaid) to our factory . Return shipping charges will be paid by Multi-Tech Systems.
Include the following with your MultiFRAD:
• a description of the problem.
• return billing and return shipping addresses.
• contact name and phone number .
• check or purchase order number for payment if the MultiFRAD is out of warranty. (Check with
your technical support specialist for the standard repair charge for your MultiFRAD).
• if possible, note the name of the technical support specialist with whom you spoke.
If you need to inquire about the status of the returned product, be prepared to provide the serial
number of the product sent.
Send your MultiFRAD to this address:
MULTI-TECH SYSTEMS, INC.
2205 WOODALE DRIVE
MOUNDS VIEW, MINNESOTA 55112
ATTN: SERVICE OR REPAIRS
You should also check with the supplier of your MultiFRAD on the availability of local service and/or
loaner units in your part of the country .
The Multi-Tech BBS
For customers who do not have Internet access, Multi-Tech maintains a bulletin board system (BBS)
that mirrors its FTP site. Information available from the BBS includes new product information,
product upgrade files, and problem-solving tips. The phone number for the Multi-Tech BBS is (800)
392-2432 (USA and Canada) or (612) 785-3702 (international and local).
The BBS can be accessed by any asynchronous modem operating at 1200 bps to 33,600 bps at a
setting of 8 bits, no parity , and 1 stop bit (8-N-1).
To log on to the Multi-Tech BBS
1. Set your communications program to 8-N-1.
2. Dial our BBS at (800) 392-2432 (USA and Canada) or (612) 785-3702 (international and local).
3. At the prompts, type your first name, last name, and password; then press ENTER. If you are a
first time caller, the BBS asks if your name is spelled correctly. If you answer yes, a questionnaire
appears. You must complete the questionnaire to use the BBS on your first call.
4. Press ENTER until the Main Menu appears. From the Main Menu you have access to two areas:
the Files Menu and News. For help on menu commands, type ?.
To Download a file
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If you know the file name
1. From the Main Menu, type F to access the Files Menu, then type D.
2. Enter the name of the file you wish to download from the BBS.
3. If a password is required, enter the password.
4. Answer Y or N to the automatic logof f question.
5. Select a file transfer protocol by typing the indicated letter, such as Z for Zmodem (the
recommended protocol).
Chapter 6 - Warranty, Service and Tech Support
6. If you select Zmodem, the transfer will begin automatically . If you select another protocol, you
may have to initiate the transfer yourself. (In most datacomm programs, the P AGE DOWN key
initiates the download.)
7. When the download is complete, press ENTER to return to the File Menu.
8. To exit the BBS, type G and press ENTER.
If you don’t know the file name
1. From the Main Menu, type F to access the Files Menu. For a list of file areas, type L, press
ENTER, then type L and press ENTER again. (If you do not type the second L, you will list all of
the files on the BBS.)
2. Mark each file area you would like to examine by typing its list number and pressing ENTER.
3. Enter L to list all the files in the selected file areas. Enter C to go forward in the file list and P to
go back.
4. To mark one or more files for download, type M, press ENTER, type the list numbers of the files,
and press ENTER again.
5. Enter D. You will see a list of the files you have marked. Enter E if you would like to edit the list;
otherwise enter D again to start the download process.
6. Select a file transfer protocol by typing the indicated letter, such as Z for Zmodem (the
recommended protocol).
7. If you select Zmodem, the file will transfer automatically . If you select another protocol, you may
have to initiate the transfer yourself. (In most data communications programs, the P AGE DOWN
key initiates the download.)
8. When the download is complete, press ENTER to return to the File Menu.
9. To exit the BBS, type G and press ENTER.
About the Internet
Multi-Tech is a commercial user on the Internet, and we retrieve messages from our customers on a
periodic basis. Multi-Tech’s presence includes a Web site at:
http://www.multitech.com
and an ftp site at:
ftp://ftp.multitech.com
83
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
84
3000-Series
Router/Multiport Data/Voice/Fax
Frame Relay Access Device
Appendices
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Appendix A - Cabling Diagrams
Command Port Cable
13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14
To COMMAND PORT
Connector
LAN Cables
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
10BASE-T
PIN NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
20
22
25
PIN NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
20
22
25
TRANSMIT DATA (BA)
RECEIVE DATA (BB)
SIGNAL GROUND (AB)
To
DTE
Device
(Terminal
Device
i.e. ASCII
Terminal)
86
10Base-T (RJ-45)
Pin Circuit Signal Name
1 TD+ Data Transmit Positive
2 TD- Data Transmit Negative
3 RD+ Data Receive Positive
6 RD- Data Receive Negative
Voice/Fax Channel Connectors
Appendix A - Cabling Diagrams
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5
Pin Connections
E&M Description FXO Description FXS Description
1M
2 E 2 N/C 2 N/C
3 T1 3 Ring 3 Tip
4 R 4 Tip 4 Ring
5 T 5 N/C 5 N/C
6R1
7SG
87
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Trunk Cable
13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14
RS232C/V.24 * Link Cable
To
External
Synchronous
Modem/DSU
Connector
V.35 Adapter Cable Configured on a RS232C/V.35**
Link Cable
PIN NO.
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
15
17
20
25
PIN NO.
1
2
CHASSIS GROUND (AA)
3
TRANSMIT DATA (BA)
4
RECEIVE DATA (BB)
5
REQUEST TO SEND (CA)
7
CLEAR TO SEND (CB)
8
SIGNAL GROUND (AB)
15
CARRIER DETECT (CF)
17
TRANSMIT CLOCK (DB)
20
RECEIVE CLOCK (DD)
25
DATA TERMINAL READY (CD)
V.35 34-PIN CONNECTOR
To MultiRouter
Link 1,2 or 3
RS232C/V.35
Connector
Chassis Ground
Request To Send
Data Set Ready
Data Terminal Ready
Send Data (A)
Send Data (B)
Terminal Timing (A)
Terminal Timing (B)
Send Timing (A)
Send Timing (B)
V.35 34-PIN
CONNECTOR (MALE)
A
B
C
D
E
F
H
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
a
A
D
C
E
H
J
K
M
N
P
T
S
U
X
W
Y
BB
AA
CC
FF
EE
HH
KK
LL
MM
As viewed from the connector side
CONNECTOR (FEMALE)
B
F
L
R
V
Z
DD
JJ
NN
Data Carrier Detect
Receive Data (A)
Receive Data (B)
Receive Timing (A)
Receive Timing (B)
25-PIN
1
7
4
5
6
8
20
2
3
12
22
23
17
25
18
15
21
Signal Ground
Clear To Send
PROTECTIVE GROUND
SIGNAL GROUND
REQUEST TO SEND
CLEAR TO SEND
DATA SET READY
DATA CARRIER DETECT
DAT A TERMINAL READY
TRANSMIT DATA A
RECEIVE DATA A
TRANSMIT DATA B
RECEIVE DATA B
EXTERNAL TX CLOCK A
RECEIVE CLOCK A
EXTERNAL TX CLOCK B
RECEIVE CLOCK B
TRANSMIT CLOCK A
TRANSMIT CLOCK B
88
* The MultiFRAD RS232C interface circuits have been designed to meet the
electrical specificaitons given in EIA (Electronic Industries Association) RS232C
and CCITT (Consultative Committee International Telegraph and Telephone) V.24
Standards.
** When configured for V.35 interface operation on the link, the V.35 adapter
cable should be used. This cable uses a 25-pin female connector at one end and
a 34-pin winchester male connector at the other end.
Remote Configuration Cable
Appendix A - Cabling Diagrams
To
COMMAND PORT
Connector
PIN NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
20
22
25
Male
PIN NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
20
22
25
Male
FRAME GROUND
TRANSMIT DATA (TX)
RECEIVE DATA (RX)
REQUEST TO SEND (RTS)
CLEAR TO SEND (CTS)
SIGNAL GROUND
To
DCE
Device
(Communication
Device
i.e. Modem)
89
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Appendix B - Regulatory Information
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial installation.
This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used
in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case
the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
Warning: Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for
compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
90
3000-Series
Router/Multiport Data/Voice/Fax
Frame Relay Access Device
Glossary
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
A
Access: The T1 line element made up of two pairs of wire that the telephone company brings to the customer premises. The Access
portion ends with a connection at the local telco (LEC or RBOC).
Accunet Spectrum of Digital Services (ASDS): The AT&T 56K bps leased (private) line service. Similar to services of MCI and
Sprint. ASDS is available in nx56/64K bps, where n=1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12.
ACK (ACKnowledgement code) (pronounced "ack"): A communications code sent from a receiving modem to a transmitting modem
to indicate that it is ready to accept data. It is also used to acknowledge the error-free receipt of transmitted data. Contrast with NAK.
Adaptive Differential Pulse Code (ADCPM): In multimedia applications, a technique in which pulse code modulation samples are
compressed before they are stored on a disk. ADCPM, an extension of the PCM format, is a standard encoding format for storing audio
information in a digital format. It reduced storage requirements by storing differences between successive digital samples rather than full
values.
Address: A numbered location inside a computer. It's how the computer accesses its resources, like a video card, serial ports,
memory, etc.
AMI line coding: One of two common methods of T1 line coding (with B8ZS). AMI line coding places restrictions on user data (B8ZS
does not).
Analog signal: A waveform which has amplitude, frequency and phase, and which takes on a range of values between its maximum
and minimum points.
Analog Transmission: One of two types of telecommunications which uses an analog signal as a carrier of voice, data, video, etc. An
analog signal becomes a carrier when it is modulated by altering its phase, amplitude and frequency to correspond with the source
signal. Compare with digital transmission.
Application Program Interface (API): A software module created to allow dissimilar, or incompatible applications programs to transfer
information over a communications link. APIs may be simple or complex; they are commonly required to link PC applications with
mainframe programs.
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) (pronounced "askey"): A binary code for data that is used in
communications and in many computers and terminals. The code is used to represent numbers, letters, punctuation and control
characters. The basic ASCII code is a 7-bit character set which defines 128 possible characters. The extended ASCII file provides 255
characters.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM): A very high-spped method of transmission that uses fixed-size cells of 53 bytes to transfer
information over fiber; also known as cell relay.
AT Commands: A standard set of commands used to configure various modem parameters, establish connections and disconnect.
The "AT" is used to get the "attention" of the modem before the actual command is issued.
Availability: The measure of the time during which a circuit is ready for use; the complement of circuit "outage" (100% minus %
outage = % available).
B
B7ZS (Bipolar 7 Zero Suppression) line coding: One method of T1 line coding (see also "B8ZS" and "AMI"). B7ZS line coding does
not place restrictions on user data (AMI does).
B8ZS (Bipolar 8 Zero Suppression) line coding: One of two common methods of T1 line coding (with AMI). B8ZS line coding does
not place restrictions on user data (AMI does). A coding method used to produce 64K bps "clear" transmission. (See also "B7ZS" and
"AMI" line coding)
Backbone: 1. A set of nodes and their interconnecting links providing the primary data path across a network. 2. In a local area
network multiple-bridge ring configuration, a high-speed link to which the rings are connected by means of bridges. A backbone may be
configured as a bus or as a ring. 3. In a wide area network, a high-speed link to which nodes or data switching exchanges (DSEs) are
connected. 4. A common distibution core that provides all electrical power, gases, chemicals, and other services to the sectors of an
automated wager processing system.
Background: An activity that takes place in the PC while you are running another application. In other words, the active user interface
does not correspond to the 'background' task.
Bandwidth: The transmission capacity of a computer channel, communications line or bus. It is expressed in cycles per second (hertz),
the bandwidth being the difference between the lowest and highest frequencies transmitted. The range of usable frequencies that a
transmission medium will pass without unacceptable attenuation or distortion. Bandwidth is a factor in determining the amount of
information and the speed at which a medium can transmit data or other information.
Backward Explicit Congestion Notification (BECN): A bit that tells you that a certain frame on a particular logical connection has
encountered heavy traffic. The bit provides notification that congestion-avoidance procedures should be initiated in the opposite
direction of the received frame. See also FECN (Forward Explicit Congestion Notification).
Basic Rate Interface (BRI): An ISDN access interface type comprised of two B-channels each at 64K bps and one D-channel at 64K
bps (2B+D).
92
Glossary
Bell Operating Companies (BOC): The family of corporations created during the divestiture of AT&T. BOCs are independent compa-
nies which service a specific region of the US. Also called Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs).
Bell Pub 41450: The Bell publication defining requirements for data format conversion, line conditioning, and termination for direct DDS
connection.
Bell Pub 62310: The Bell publication defining requirements for data format conversion, line conditioning, and termination for direct DDS
connection.
Binary Synchronous Communication (BSC): A form of telecommunication line control that uses a standard set of transmission
control characters and control character sequences, for binary synchronous transmission of binary-coded data between stations.
Bit (Binary digIT): A bit is the basis of the binary number system. It can take the value of 1 or 0. Bits are generally recognized as the
electrical charge generated or stored by a computer that represent some portion of usable information.
Bit Error Rate Test (BERT): A device or routine that measures the quality of data transmission. A known bit pattern is transmitted, and
the errors received are counted and a BER (bit error rate) is calculated. The BER is the ratio of received bits in error relative to the total
number of bits received, expressed in a power of 10.
Bit robbing: The use of the least significant bit per channel in every sixth frame for signaling. The line signal bits "robbed" from the
speech pat conveys sufficient pre-ISDN telephony signaling information with the remaining line signal bits providing sufficient line
signaling bits for recreating the original sound. See "robbed bit signaling".
Blue Alarm: An error indication signal consisting of all 1s indicating disconnection or attached device failure. Contrast "Red Alarm" and
"Yellow Alarm".
Bps (bits per second): A unit to measure the speed at which data bits can be transmitted or received. Bps differs from baud when
more than one bit is represented by a single cycle of the carrier.
Bridges: 1. A functional unit that interconnects two local area networks that use the same logical link protocol but may use different
medium access control protocols. 2. A functional unit that interconnects multiple LANs (locally or remotely) that use the same logical link
control protocol but that can use different medium access control protocols. A bridge forwards a frame to another bridge based on the
medium access control (MAC) address. 3. In the connection of local loops, channels, or rings, the equipment and techniques used to
match circuits and to facilitate accurate data transmission.
Buffer: A temporary storage register or Random Access Memory (RAM) used in all aspects of data communications which prevents
data from being lost due to differences in transmission speed. Keyboards, serial ports, muxes and printers are a few examples of the
devices that contain buffers.
Bus: A common channel between hardware devices either internally between components in a computer, or externally between stations
in a communications network.
Byte: The unit of information a computer can handle at one time. The most common understanding is that a byte consists of 8 binary
digits (bits), because that's what computers can handle. A byte holds the equivalent of a single character (such as the letter A).
C
Call Setup Time: The time to establish a circuit-switched call between two points. Includes dialing, wait time, and CO/long distance
service movement time.
Carrier Group Alarm (CGA): A T1 service alarm generated by a channel bank when an OOF condition occurs for a predefined length
of time (usually 300mS to 2.5 seconds). The CGA causes the calls using a trunk to be dropped and for trunk conditioning to be applied.
Carrier signal: An analog signal with known frequency, amplitude and phase characteristics used as a transport facility for useful
information. By knowing the original characteristics, a receiver can interpret any changes as modulations, and thereby recover the
information.
CCITT (Consultative Committee for International Telephone and Telegraph): An advisory committee created and controlled by the
United Nations and headquartered in Geneva whose purpose is to develop and to publish recommendations for worldwide standardization of telecommunications devices. CCITT has developed modem standards that are adapted primarily by PTT (post, telephone and
telegraph) organizations that operate telephone networks of countries outside of the U.S. See also ITU.
Central Office (CO): The lowest, or most basic level of switching in the PSTN (public switched telephone network). A business PABX
or any residential telephone connects to the PSTN at a central office.
Centrex: A multi-line service offered by operating telcos which provides, from the telco CO, functions and features comparable to those
of a PBX for large business users. See also "Private Branch Exchange", "Exchange".
Channel: A data communications path between two computer devices. Can refer to a physical medium (e.g., UTP or coax), or to a
specific carrier frequency.
Channel bank: A device that acts as a converter, taking the digital signal from the T1 line into a phone system and converting it to the
analog signals used by the phone system. A channel bank acts as a multiplexer, placing many slow-speed voice or data transactions on
a single high-speed link.
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MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Circuit-switched Network: A technology used by the PSTN that allocates a pair of conductors for the exclusive use of one communica-
tion path. Circuit switching allows multiple conversations on one talk path only if the end-users multiplex the signals prior to transmission.
Circuit switching: The temporary connection of two or more communications channels using a fixed, non-shareable path through the
network. Users have full use of the circuit until the connection is terminated.
Clear Channel: A transmission path where the full bandwidth is used (i.e., no bandwidth needed for signaling, carrier framing or control
bits). A 64K bps digital circuit usually has 8K bps used for signaling. ISDN has two 64K bps circuits, and a 16K bps packet service of
which part is used for signaling on the 64K channels.
Client-Server: In TCP/IP, the model of interaction in distributed data processing in which a program at one site sends a request to a
program at another site and awaits a response. The requesting program is called a client; the answering program is called a server.
Cluster Controller: A device that can control the input/output operations of more than one device connected to it. A cluster controller
may be controlled by a program stored and executed in the unit, or it may be entirely controlled by hardware.
Committed Burst Size: the maximum number of bits that the frame relay network agrees to transfer during any measurement interval
Committed Information Rate (CIR): An agreement a customer makes to use a certain minimum data transmission rate (in bps). The
CIR is part of the frame relay service monthly billing, along with actual usage, that users pay to their frame relay service provider.
Compression: 1. The process of eliminating gaps, empty fields, redundancies, and unnecessary data to shorten the length of records or
blocks. 2. In SNA, the replacement of a string of up to 64-repeated characters by an encoded control byte to reduce the length of the
data stream to the LU-LU session partner. The encoded control byte is followed by the character that was repeated (unless that
character is the prime compression character). 3. In Data Facility Hierarchical Storage Manager, the process of moving data instead of
allocated space during migration and recall in order to release unused space. 4. Contrast with decompression.
COMx Port: A serial communications port on a PC.
congestion: A network condition where there is too much data traffic. The ITU I.233 standard defines congestion management in
terms of speed and burstiness.
congestion notification: The function in frame relay that ensures that userdata transmitted at a rate higher than the CIR are allowed
to slow down to the rate of the available network bandwidth.
Consecutive Severely Errored Seconds (CSES): An error condition that occurs when from 3 to 9 SES (Severely Errored Seconds) are
logged consecutively.
Customer Premise Equipment (CPE): The generic term for data comm and/or terminal equipment that resides at the user site and is
owned by the user with the following exclusions: Over voltage protection equipment, inside wiring, coin operated or pay telephones,
"company-official" equipment, mobile telephone equipment, "911" equipment, equipment necessary for the provision of communications
for national defense, or multiplexing equipment used to deliver multiple channels to the customer.
D
D4: the T1 4th generation channel bank.
D4 channelization: Refers to the compliance with AT&T TR 62411 for DS1 frame layout.
D4 framing: The T1 format for framing in AT&T D-Series channel banks, in which there are 12 separate 193-bit frames in a super-
frame. A D4 framing bit is used to identify the channel and the signaling frame. Signalling for voice channels is carried in-band for every
channel, along with the encoded voice. See "robbed-bit signaling".
Data Communications Equipment (DCE): Any device which serves as the portal of entry from the user equipment to a telecommunications facility. A modem is a DCE for the telephone network (PSTN) that is commonly on site at the user’s premises. Packet Switched
Networks have another level of DCE which is most often located at a central office.
Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI): One of the six components of a frame relay frame. Its purpose is to distinguish separate
virtual circuits across each access connection. Data coming into a frame relay node is thus allowed to be sent across the interface to the
specified "address". The DLCI is confirmed and relayed to its destination, or if the specification is in error, the frame is discarded.
Dataphone Digital Service (DDS): A private line digital service that offers 2400, 4800, 9600 and 56K bps data rates on an inter-LATA
basis by AT&T and on an intra-LATA basis by the BOCs.
Data Service Unit (DSU): A device that provides a digital data service interface directly to the data terminal equipment. The DSU
provides loop equalization, remote and local testing capabilities, and a standard EIA/CCITT interface.
Dedicated Line: A communication line that is not switched. The term leased line is more common.
Default: This is a preset value or option in software packages, or in hardware configuration, that is used unless you specify otherwise.
Device driver: Software that controls how a computer communicates with a device, such as a printer or mouse.
Digital Cross-connect System (DCS): The CO device which splits and redistributes the T1 bandwidth. the DCS takes time slots from
various T1 lines and alters them to provide the needed connectivity. DCS connections are made with software at an administrator's
workstation.
94
Glossary
Digital Data: Information represented by discrete values or conditions (contrast "Analog Data").
Digital Loopback: A technique used for testing the circuitry of a communications device. Can be initiated locally, or remotely (via a
telecommunications device). The tested device decodes and encodes a received test message, then echoes the message back. The
results are compared with the original message to determine if corruption occurred en route.
Digital PBX: A Private Branch Exchange that operates internally on digital signals. See also "Exchange".
Digital Service, level 0 (DS0): The world-wide standard speed (64K bps) for digital voice conversation using PCM (pulse coded
modulation).
Digital Service, level 1 (DS1): The 1.544M bps voice standard (derived from an older Bell System standard) for digitized voice
transmission in North America. The 1.544M bps consists of 24 digitally-encoded 64K bps voice channels (north America) and 2.048M
bps (30 channels) elsewhere.
Digital Signal: A discrete or discontinuous signal (e.g., a sequence of voltage pulses). Digital devices, such as terminals and computers, transmit data as a series of electrical pulses which have discrete jumps rather than gradual changes.
Digital Signaling Rates (DSn): A hierarchical system for transmission rates, where "DS0" is 64K bps (equivalent to ISDN B channel),
and DS1 is 1.5 Mbps (equivalent to ISDN PRI).
Digital Transmission: A method of electronic information transmission common between computers and other digital devices. Analog
signals are waveforms: a combination of many possible voltages. A computer's digital signal may be only "high" or "low" at any given
time. Therefore, digital signals may be "cleaned up" (noise and distortion removed) and amplified during transmission.
Digitize: To convert an analog signal to a digital signal.
DIP switch (pronounced "dip switch"): A set of tiny toggle switches, built into a DIP (dual in-line package), used for setting
configurable parameters on a PCB (printed circuit board).
Driver: A software module that interfaces between the Operating System and a specific hardware device (i.e. color monitors, printers,
hard disks, etc.). Also known as a device driver.
Drop and Insert: The process where a portion of information carried in a transmission system is demodulated ("Dropped") at an
intermediate point and different information is included ("Inserted") for subsequent transmission.
DTE (Data Terminating Equipment): A term used to include any device in a network which generates, stores or displays user
information. DTE is a telecommunications term which usually refers to PCs, terminals, printers, etc.
DTMF (Dual-Tone MultiFrequency): A generic push-button concept made popular by AT&T TouchTone.
E
E&M: A telephony trunking system used for either switch-to-switch, or switch-to-network, or computer/telephone system-to-switch
connection.
EIA: The Electronics Industries Association is a trade organization in Washington, DC that sets standard for use of its member
companies. (See RS-232, RS-422, RS530.)
Encapsulation: A technique used by network-layer protocols in which a layer adds header information to the protocol data unit from the
preceding layer. Also used in "enveloping" one protocol inside another for transmission. For example, IP inside IPX.
Errored Seconds (ES): Any second of operation that all 1.544M bits are not received exactly as transmitted. Contrast "Error Free
Seconds".
Error Free Seconds (EFS): Any second of operation that all 1.544M bits are received exactly as transmitted. Contrast "Errored
Seconds".
ESF Error Event: A T1 error condition that is logged when a CRC-6 error or an OOF error occurs.
Ethernet: A 10-megabit baseband local area network that allows multiple stations to access the transmission medium at will without
prior coordination, avoids contention by using carrier sense and deference, and resolves contention by using collision detection and
transmission. Ethernet uses carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD).
Excess Zeros: A T1 error condition that is logged when more than 15 consecutive 0s or less than one 1 bit in 16 bits occurs.
Exchange: A unit (public or private) that can consist of one or more central offices established to serve a specified area. An exchange
typically has a single rate of charges (tariffs) that has previously been approved by a regulatory group.
Exchange Area: A geographical area with a single uniform set of charges (tariffs), approved by a regulatory group, for telephone
services. Calls between any two points within an exchange area are local calls. See also "Digital PBX", "PBX".
Exchange Termination (ET): The carrier's local exchange switch. Contrast with "Loop Termination - LT".
95
MultiFRAD 3000-Series User Guide
Explicit Congestion Management: The method used in frame relay to notify the terminal equipment that the network is overly busy.
The use of FECN and BECN is called explicit congestion management. Some end-to-end protocols use FECN or BECN, but usually not
both options together. With this method, a congestion condition is identified and fixed before it becomes critical. Contrast with "implicit
congesion".
Extended Super Frame (ESF): One of two popular formats for framing bits on a T1 line. ESF framing has a 24-frame super-frame,
where robbed bit signaling is inserted in the LSB (bit 8 of the DS-0 byte) of frames 6, 12, 18 and 24. ESF has more T1 error measurement capabilities than D4 framing. ESF and B8ZS are typically both offered to provide clear channel service.
F
Failed Seconds: A test parameter where the circuit is unavailable for one full second.
Failed Signal: A T1 test parameter logged when there are more than 9 SES (Severely Errored Seconds).
Fax (facsimile): Refers to the bit-mapped rendition of a graphics-oriented document (fax) or to the electronic transmission of the image
over telephone lines (faxing). Fax transmission differs from data transmission in that the former is a bit-mapped approximation of a
graphical document and, therefore, cannot be accurately interpreted according to any character code.
Firmware: A category of memory chips that hold their content without electrical power, they include ROM, PROM, EPROM and
EEPROM technologies. Firmware becomes "hard software" when holding program code.
Foreground: The application program currently running on and in control of the PC screen and keyboard. The area of the screen that
occupies the active window. Compare with "background".
Fractional T1 (FT1): A digital data transmission rate between 56K bps (DS0 rate) and 1.544M bps (the full T1 rate - in North America).
FT1 is typically provided on 4-wire (two copper pairs) UTP. Often used for video conferencing, imaging and LAN interconnection due to
its low cost and relatively high speed. FT1 rates are offered in 64K bps multiples, usually up to 768K bps.
Frequency: A characteristic of an electrical or electronic signal which describes the periodic recurrence of cycles. Frequency is
inversely proportional to the wavelength or pulse width of the signal (i.e., long wavelength signals have low frequencies and short
wavelength signals yield high frequencies).
Foreign Exchange (FX): A CO trunk with access to a distant CO, allowing ease of access and flat-rate calls anywhere in the foreign
exchange area.
Foreign Exchange Office (FXO): provides local telephone service from a CO outside of ("foreign" to) the subscriber's exchange
area. In simple form, a user can pick up the phone in one city and receive a tone in the foreign city.
Connecting a POTS telephone to a computer telephony system via a T1 link requires a channel bank configured for the FX connection.
To generate a call from the POTS set to the computer telephony system, a FXO connection must be configured.
Foreign Exchange Station (FXS): See FX, FXO. To generate a call from the computer telephony system to the POTS set, a FXS
connection must be configured.
Forward Explicit Congestion Notification (FECN): A bit that tells you that a certain frame on a particular logical connection has
encountered heavy traffic. The bit provides notification that congestion-avoidance procedures should be initiated in the same direction of
the received frame. See also BECN (Backward Explicit Congestion Notification).
Frame: A group of data bits in a specific format to help network equipment recognize what the bits mean and how to process them. The
bits are sent serially, with a flag at each end signifying the start and end of the frame.
Frame Relay: A form of packet switching that uses small packets and that requires less error checking than other forms of packet
switching. Frame relay is effective for sending "bursty" data at high speeds (56/64K, 256K, and 1024K bps) over wide area networks.
Frame Relay specifications are defined by ANSI documents ANSI T1.602, T1.606, T1S1/90-175, T1S1/90-213, and T1S1/90-214. In
using frame relay, blocks of information (frames) are passed across a digital network interface using a "connection number" that is
applied to each frame to distinguish between individual frames.
Frame Relay Forum: A non-profit organization of 300+ vendors and service providers, based in Foster City, CA, that are developing
and deploying frame relay equipment.
Frame Relay Implementors Forum: A group of companies supporting a common specification for frame relay connection to link
customer premises equipment to telco network equipment. Their specification supports ANSI frame relay specs and defines extensions
such as local management.
Frame Relay Access Device (FRAD): A piece of equipment that acts as a concentrator or frame assembler/dissassember that can
support multiple protocols and provide basic "routing" functions.
G
Gateway: 1. Afunctional unit that interconnects two computer networks with different network architectures. A gateway connects
networks or systems of different architectures. A bridge interconnects networks or systems with the same or similar architectures. 2. A
network that connects hosts.
Graphical User Interface (GUI): A type of computer interface consisting of a visual metaphor of a real-world scene, often of a desktop.
Within that scene are icons, representing actual objects, that the user can access and manipulate with a pointing device.
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Glossary
H
Handshaking: A process that two modems go through at the time of call setup to establish synchronization over the data communica-
tions link. It is a synchronization and negotiation process accomplished by the exchange of predefined, mutually recognized control
codes.
High-level Data Link Control (HDLC): An ISO standard, bit-oriented data communications protocol that provides nearly error-free data
transfers.
I
Hexadecimal: A base 16 numbering system used to represent binary values. Hex uses the numbers 0-9 and the letters A-F: usually
notated by an "h" (e.g., "4CF h", read "four charley fox, hex"). The result is that one hex digit represents a 4-bit value.
Implicit congestion management: A method of informing the terminal that the network is busy. This method relies on the end-system
protocol to detect and fix the congestion problem. (TCP/IP is an example of a protocol using only implicit congestion management.)
See also "explicit congestion management".
In-band: Refers to the type of signalling over the conversion path on an ISDN call. Contrast "out-of-band".
Insufficient Ones: A T1 error condition that is logged when less than one 1 in 16 0s or less than 12.5 % average 1s density is
received.
Inter Exchange Carrier (IEC): The long distance company (LE) who's central office provides the point of reference for T1 access. Any
common carrier authorized by the FCC to carry customer transmissions between LATAs.
Internet: Refers to the computer network of many millions of university, government and private users around the world. Each user has
a unique Internet Address.
Internet Address (IP Address): A unique 32-bit address for a specific TCP/IP host on a network. Normally printed in dotted decimal
format (e.g., 129.128.44.227).
Internet Protocol (IP): A protocol used to route data from its source to its destination in an Internet environment. The Internet Protocol
was designed to connect to local area networks. Although there are many protocols that do this, IP refers to the global system of
interconnecting computers. It is a highly distributed protocol (each machine only worries about sending data to the next step in the
route).
Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX): A NetWare communications protocol used to route messages from one node to another. IPX
packets include network addresses and can be routed from one network to another. An IPX packet can occasionally get lost when
crossing networks, thus IPX does not guarantee delivery of a complete message. Either the application has to provide that control, or
NetWare's SPX protocol must be used.
Interoperable: Devices from different vendors that can exchange information using a standard's base protocol.
I/O Addresses: Locations within the I/O address space of your computer used by a device, such as an expansion card, a serial port, or
an internal modem. The address is used for communication between software and a device.
IRQ Level (Interrupt Request Level): The notification a processor receives when another portion of the computer's hardware requires
its attention. IRQs are numbered so that the device issuing the IRQ can be identified, and so IRQs can be prioritized.
ISA (Industry Standards Architecture) (pronounced "ice a"): The classic 8 or 16-bit architecture introduced with IBM's PC-AT
computer.
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network): An International telecommunications standard for transmitting voice, video and data
over a digital communications line. ISDN is a world-wide telecommunications service that uses digital transmission and switching
technology to support voice and digital data communications. Frame relay was partially based on ISDN's data link layer protocol
(LAPD). Frame relay can be used to transmit across ISDN services offering circuit-switched connection at 64K bps and higher speeds.
Contrast Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).
ITU-TSS (formerly CCITT): International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications Sector; the United Nations organization that
prepares standards ("Recommendations") for resolving communications issues and problems.
K
Key Telephone System (KTS): Phone devices with multiple buttons that let you select incoming or outgoing CO phone lines directly.
Similar in operation to a PBX, except a KTS you don't have to dial a "9" for a call outside the building.
Key Service Unit (KSU): A small device containing the switching electronics for a business key telephone system (KTS).
Key Set: A telephone set with several buttons for call holding, line pickup, intercom, autodialing, etc. Also called a touchtone phone
(Ericsson) and a KTS (Key Telephone Set).
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L
LAPB: Link Access Procedure Balanced; based on the X.25 Layer 2 specification. A full-duplex point-to-point bit-synchronous protocol
commonly used as a data link control protocol to interface X.25 DTEs. LAPB is the link initialization procedure that establishes and
maintains communications between the DTE and the DCE.
LAPD: Link Access Protocol for the D-Channel; based on the ISDN Q.921 specification. A full-duplex point-to-point bit-synchronous
link-level protocol for ISDN connections; different from LAPB in its framing sequence. Transmission is in units called "frames", and a
frame may contain one or more X.25 packets.
Line Coding: The representation of 1s and 0s on a T1 line. The two methods of line coding commonly used, B8ZS and AMI, differ in
the restrictions placed on user data. T1 line coding ensures that sufficient timing information is sent with the digital signal to ensure
recovery of all the bits at the far end. Timing information on the T1 line is included in the form of 1s in the data stream; a long string of
0s in the data stream could cause problems recovering the data.
Line Termination (LT): The electronics at the ISDN network side of the user/network interface that complements the NT1 at the user
side. The LT and the NT1 together provide the high-speed digital line signals required for BRI access.
Listed Directory Number (LDN): The main number assigned by the telco; the number listed in the telephone directory and also
provided by Directory Assistance. Some devices can have more than one LDN, such as ISDN devices that have one LDN for voice and
another LDN for data.
Local Area Network (LAN): 1. A computer network located on a user's premises within a limited geographical area. Communication
within a local area network is not subject to external regulations; however, communication across the LAN boundary may be subject to
some form of regulation. 2. A LAN does not use store and forward techniques. 3. A network in which a set of devices are connected to
one another for a communication and that can be connected to a larger network.
Local Access and Transport Area (LATA): A post-divestiture geographical area generally equivalent to a Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Area. At divestiture, the territory served by the Bell system was divided into approximately 161 LATAs. The Bell Operating
Companies (BOCs) provide Intra-LATA services.
Local Exchange Carrier (LEC): The local phone company which provides local (i.e., not long distance) transmission services. AKA
"telco". LECs provide T1 or FT1 access to LDCs (unless the T1 circuit is completely intra-LATA). Inter-LATA T1 circuits are made up of
a combination of Access and Long Haul facilities.
Local Management Interface (LMI): A specification for frame relay equipment that defines status information exchange.
Local Loop: A transmission path, typically twisted-pair wire, between an individual subscriber and the nearest public telecommunica-
tions network switching center. The wires provide ISDN service, but require an NT1 at the user end and an LT at the network end.
(AKA, "loop" or "subscriber loop".)
Logical Link Control (LLC2): In a local area network, the protocol that governs the exchange of transmission frames between data
stations independently of how the transmission medium is shared. The LLC2 protocol was developed by the IEEE 802 commitee and is
common to all LAN standards.
Logical Unit (LU): A type of network accessible unit that enables end users to gain access to network resources and communicate with
each other.
Long Haul: The T1 element that connects to the Access portion of the long distance company's (LDC's) central office. The LDC is
commonly called the point of presence (POP). Each LDC has a number of POPs, located throughout the country. The LDC is also
called an IEC (Inter Exchange Carrier).
Long Haul Communications: The type of phone call reaching outside of a local exchange (LE).
M
Management Information Base (MIB): A database of network management information used by the Common Management Informa-
tion Protocol (CMIP) and the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
Megacom: An AT&T service with a normal WATS line (typically T1) between the customer premise and the AT&T serving class 4 CO
are the customer's responsibility.
MegaLink: BellSouth's leased T1 service.
Message: Associated with such terms as packet, frame, and segment. 1. In information theory, an ordered series of characters
intended to convey information. 2. An assembly of characters and sometimes control codes that is transferred as an entry from an
originator to one or more recipients.
Modem: A communications device that enables a computer to transmit information over a telephone line. It converts the computer's
digital signals into analog signals to send over a telephone line and converts them back to digital signals at the receiving end. Modems
can be internal and fit into an expansion slot, or external and connect to a serial port.
Multiplexer (Mux): 1. A device that takes several input signals and combines them into a single output signal in such a manner that
each of the input signals can be recovered. 2. A device capable of interleaving the events of two or more activities or capable of
distributing the events of an interleaved sequence to the respective activities. 3. Putting multiple signals on a single channel.
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Glossary
Multiprotocol: A device that can interoperate with devices utilizing different network protocols.
Multithreading: The ability of a software system to be able to handle more than one transaction concurrently. This is contrasted to the
case where a single transaction is accepted and completely processed before the next transaction processing is started.
N
Nailed Connection: A permanent or dedicated circuit of a previously switched circuit or circuits.
Nailed-up Circuit: A semipermanent circuit established through a circuit-switching facility for point-to-point connectivity.
NAK (Negative Acknowledgment): Communications code used to indicate that a message was not properly received, or that a
terminal does not wish to transmit. Contrast with ACK.
Network: A group of computers connected by cables or other means and using software that enables them to share equipment, such
as printers and disk drives to exchange information.
Node: Any point within a network which has been assigned an address.
O
Object-Orientated: A method for structuring programs as hierarchically organized classes describing the data and operations of objects
that may interact with other objects.
Office Channel Unit - Data Port (OCU-DP): The CO channel bank used as the interface between the customer's DSU and the
channel bank.
Off-hook: The condition of a device which has accessed a phone line (with or without using the line). In modem use, this is equivalent
to a telephone handset being picked up. Dialing and transmission are allowed, but incoming calls are not answered. Contrast "onhook".
Off Premise Extension (OPX): An extension or phone that terminates in a location other than that of the PBX. Commonly used to
provide a corporate member with an extension of the PBX at home.
Ones Density: the measure of the number of logical 1s on a T1 line compared to a given total number of bits on that line; used for
timing information in data recovery in AMI and B8ZS.
On-Hook: The condition of a device which has not accessed a phone line. In modem use, this is equivalent to a telephone handset that
has not been picked up. In other words, it can receive an incoming call. Contrast "off-hook".
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF): A hierarchical Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) routing algorithm for IP that is a proposed standard
for Internet. OSPF incorporates least-cost routing, equal-cost routing, and load balancing.
Outage: The measure of the time during which a circuit is not available for use due to service interrupt. Outage is the complement of
circuit "availability" (100% minus % available = % outage).
Out-of-band: Signaling that is separated from the channel carrying the information (i.e., the voice/data/video signal is separate from the
carrier signal). Dialing and various other "supervisory" signals are included in the signaling element. Contrast "In-band" signaling.
Out of Frame (OOF): A T1 alarm condition that is logged on the loss of 2, 3 or 4 of 5 consecutive FT framing bits.
P
Packet: 1. In data communication, a sequence of binary digits, including data and control signals, that is transmitted and switched as a
composite whole. The data, control signals and, possibly, error control information are arranged in a specific format. 2. Synonymous
with data frame. 3. In TCP/IP, the unit of data passed across the interface between the Internet layer and the link layer. A packet
includes an IP header and data. A packet can be a complete IP datagram or a fragment of an IP diagram. 4. In X.25, a data transmission information unit. A group of data and control characters, transferred as a unit, determined by the process of transmission. Commonly used data field lengths in packets are 128 or 256 bytes. 5. The field structure and format defined in the CCITT X.25 recommendation.
Packet Assembler/Dissembler (PAD): Used by devices to communicate over X.25 networks by building or stripping X.25 information
on or from a packet.
Packet Data: The information format ("packetized") used for packet-mode calls.
Packet Mode: Refers to the switching of chunks of information for different users using statistical multiplexing to send them over the
same transmission facility.
Parity bit: An extra bit attached to each byte of synchronous data used to detect errors in transmission.
Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC): A connection between two endpoints dedicated to a single user. IN ISDN, PVCs are established by
network administration and are held for as long as the user subscribes to the service.
Physical Unit (PU): The component that manages and monitors the resources (such as attached links and adjacent link stations)
associated with a node, as requested by an SSCP via an SSCP-PU session. An SSCP activates a session with the physical unit in order
to indirectly manage, through the PU, resources of the node such as attached links. This term applies to type 2.0, type 4, and type 5
nodes only.
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Point of Presence (POP): The central office's end points of the long distance carriers.
Point to Point Protocol (PPP): A protocol that lets a PC user access TCP/IP (Internet member) using an ISDN terminal adapter or a
high-speed modem over a standard telephone line.
Port: A location for input or output data exchange. Computers, muxes, etc. have ports for various purposes.
Primary Rate Interface (PRI): Used on ISDN. In North America, and Japan, PRI is one 64Kbps D channel and 23 B channels.
Elsewhere, it is one D channel and 30 B channels.
Primitive: An abstract representation of interaction across the access points indicating that information is being passed between the
service user and the service provider. The OSI Reference Model defines four types of primitives: Request, Indication, Response and
Confirm.
Private Branch Exchange (PBX): A telephone exchange located on the customer's premises. The PBX provides a circuit switching
facility for telephone extension lines within the building, and access to the public telephone network. See also "Exchange".
PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory - pronounced "prom"): A permanent memory chip that can be programmed or filled by
the customer after by the manufacturer has set initial values. Contrast with ROM.
Protocol: 1. A set of semantic and syntactic rules that determines the behavior of functional units in achieving communication. 2. In
Open Systems Interconnection architecture, a set of semantic and syntactic rules that determine the behavior of entities in the same
layer in performing communication functions. 3. In SNA, the meanings of and the sequencing rules for requests and responses used for
managing the network, transferring data, and synchronizing the states of network components. 4. Synonymous with line control
discipline.
PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network): A worldwide public voice telephone network that is used as a telecommunications
medium for the transmission of voice, data and other information.
Public Data Network (PDN): A packet-switched network that is available to the public for individual ("subscriber") use. Typically,
controlled by a government or a national monopoly.
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN): The group of circuit-switching voice carriers, which are commonly used as analog data
communications services.
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM): 1. In data communication, variation of a digital signal to represent information; for example, by means
of pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), pulse duration modulation (PDM), or pulse position modulation (PPM). 2. Transmissions of
analog information in digital form through sampling and encoding the samples with a fixed number of bits.
Pulse dialing: One of two methods of dialing a telephone, usually associated with rotary-dial phones. Compare with "tone dialing".
Q
Quantizing: The process of analog-to- digital conversion by assigning a range, from the contiguous analog values, to a discrete
number.
R
Random Access Memory (RAM): A computer's primary workspace. All data must be stored in RAM (even for a short while), before
software can use the processor to manipulate the data. Before a PC can do anything useful it must move programs from disk to RAM.
When you turn it off, all information in RAM is lost.
Rate Enforcement: The concept in frame relay where frames sent faster than the CIR are to be carried only if the bandwidth is
available, otherwise they are to be discarded. (The frame relay network assumes that anything exceeding the CIR is of low priority.)
Rate enforcement makes sure that the network will not get so congested that it isn't able to meet the agreed on CIR
Recognized Private Operating Agency (RPOA): A corporation, private or government-controlled, that provides telecommunications services. RPOAs, such as AT&T, participate as non-voting members in the CCITT.
Red Alarm: A T1 error condition generated when a local failure (e.g., loss of synchronization) iexists for 2.5 seconds, causing a Carrier
Group Alarm (CGA). See also "Blue Alarm" and "Yellow Alarm".
Request for Comment (RFC): A set of papers in which Internet standards (published and proposed), along with generally-accepted
ideas, proposals, research results, etc. are published.
Ring Down Box: A device that emulates a CO by generating POTS calls for testing and product demos.
Ring Down Circuit: A tie line connecting phones where picking up one phone automatically rings another phone. A feature used for
emergencies to alert the person at the other phone of the incoming call.
RJ-11: An industry standard interface used for connecting a telephone to a modular wall outlet; comes in 4-and 6-wire packages.
RJ-45: An 8-wire modular connector for voice and data circuits.
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