Moxa Technologies UC-7420, UC-7410 User Manual

UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual

Third Edition, June 2005

www.moxa.com/product

Moxa Technologies Co., Ltd.

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual

The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in

accordance with the terms of that agreement.

Copyright Notice

Copyright © 2005 Moxa Technologies Co., Ltd.

All rights reserved.

Reproduction without permission is prohibited.

Trademarks

MOXA is a registered trademark of The Moxa Group.

All other trademarks or registered marks in this manual belong to their respective manufacturers.

Disclaimer

Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the
part of Moxa.

Moxa provides this document “as is,” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but
not limited to, its particular purpose. Moxa reserves the right to make improvements and/or changes to this
manual, or to the products and/or the programs described in this manual, at any time.

Information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate and reliable. However, Moxa Technologies
assumes no responsibility for its use, or for any infringements on the rights of third parties that may result from
its use.

This product might include unintentional technical or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the
information herein to correct such errors, and these changes are incorporated into new editions of the
publication.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................1-1

Overview.................................................................................................................................. 1-2

Package Checklist....................................................................................................... 1-2

Product Features......................................................................................................... 1-2

Product Hardware Specifications ............................................................................... 1-3

Hardware Introduction............................................................................................................. 1-4

Appearance and Dimensions...................................................................................... 1-4

Hardware Block Diagram........................................................................................... 1-6

LED Indicators ........................................................................................................... 1-6

Reset-type Buttons ..................................................................................................... 1-7

Real Time Clock......................................................................................................... 1-7

Placement Options................................................................................................................... 1-8

Wall or Cabinet .......................................................................................................... 1-8

DIN-Rail Mounting .................................................................................................... 1-9

Hardware Connection Description........................................................................................... 1-9

Wiring Requirements ................................................................................................. 1-9

Connecting the Power .............................................................................................. 1-10

Grounding UC-7420/7410........................................................................................ 1-10

Connecting to the Network....................................................................................... 1-10

Connecting to a Serial Device .................................................................................. 1-11

Connecting to the Console Port................................................................................ 1-11

PCMCIA................................................................................................................... 1-11

CompactFlash........................................................................................................... 1-11

Software Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1-12

Software Architecture............................................................................................... 1-12

Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2)...................................................................... 1-13

Software Package ..................................................................................................... 1-13

Software Version Comparison Table ....................................................................... 1-14

Chapter 2 Getting Started .............................................................................................2-1

Powering on UC-7420/7410 .................................................................................................... 2-2

Connecting UC-7420/7410 to a PC ......................................................................................... 2-2

Serial Console ............................................................................................................ 2-2

Telnet Console............................................................................................................ 2-3

SSH Console .............................................................................................................. 2-4

Configuring the Ethernet Interface .......................................................................................... 2-5

Modifying Network Settings with the Serial Console................................................ 2-5

Modifying Network Settings over the Network ......................................................... 2-7

Configuring the WLAN via the PCMCIA Interface ................................................................ 2-7

IEEE802.11b .............................................................................................................. 2-7

IEEE802.11g .............................................................................................................. 2-9

Test Program—Developing Hello.c....................................................................................... 2-13

Installing the Tool Chain (Linux)............................................................................. 2-13

Checking the Flash Memory Space.......................................................................... 2-13

Compiling Hello.c .................................................................................................... 2-14

Uploading “Hello” to UC-7420/7410 and Running the Program............................. 2-15

Developing Your First Application ........................................................................................ 2-15

Testing Environment ................................................................................................ 2-15

Compiling tcps2.c..................................................................................................... 2-16

Uploading tcps2-release and Running the Program ................................................. 2-17

Testing Procedure Summary .................................................................................... 2-19

Chapter 3 Managing Embedded Linux ........................................................................3-1

System Version Information..................................................................................................... 3-2

System Image Backup.............................................................................................................. 3-2

Upgrading the Firmware............................................................................................. 3-2

Loading Factory Defaults........................................................................................... 3-4

Backing Up the User File System............................................................................... 3-5

Deploying the User File System to Additional UC-7420/7410 Units ........................ 3-5

Enabling and Disabling Daemons............................................................................................ 3-6

Setting the Run-Level .............................................................................................................. 3-8

Adjusting the System Time...................................................................................................... 3-9

Setting the Time Manually......................................................................................... 3-9

NTP Client................................................................................................................ 3-10

Updating the Time Automatically............................................................................ 3-10

Cron—daemon to Execute Scheduled Commands .................................................................3-11

Connecting Peripherals.......................................................................................................... 3-12

USB Mass Storage.................................................................................................... 3-12

CF Mass Storage ...................................................................................................... 3-12

Chapter 4 Managing Communications ........................................................................4-1

Telnet / FTP ............................................................................................................................. 4-2

DNS ......................................................................................................................................... 4-2

Web Service—Apache............................................................................................................. 4-2

Saving a Web Page to the CF Card ............................................................................ 4-4

IPTABLES............................................................................................................................... 4-6

NAT........................................................................................................................................ 4-10

NAT Example .......................................................................................................... 4-10

Enabling NAT at Bootup.......................................................................................... 4-10

Dial-up Service—PPP.............................................................................................................4-11

NFS (Network File System)................................................................................................... 4-14

Setting up UC-7420/7410 as an NFS Server............................................................ 4-14

Setting up UC-7420/7410 as an NFS Client............................................................. 4-15

Mail........................................................................................................................................ 4-16

SNMP .................................................................................................................................... 4-16

Open VPN.............................................................................................................................. 4-17

Chapter 5 Programmer’s Guide....................................................................................5-1

Flash Memory Map.................................................................................................................. 5-2

Linux Tool Chain Introduction................................................................................................. 5-2

Debugging with GDB .............................................................................................................. 5-3

Device API............................................................................................................................... 5-4

RTC (Real Time Clock)........................................................................................................... 5-4

Buzzer...................................................................................................................................... 5-4

WDT (Watch Dog Timer) ........................................................................................................ 5-5

UART....................................................................................................................................... 5-9

LCM....................................................................................................................................... 5-10

KeyPad................................................................................................................................... 5-10

Make File Example.................................................................................................................5-11

Chapter 6 UC Finder ......................................................................................................6-1

Windows UC Finder ................................................................................................................ 6-2

Installing the Software................................................................................................ 6-2

Broadcast Search........................................................................................................ 6-4

Linux ucfinder.......................................................................................................................... 6-5

Appendix A System Commands..................................................................................... A-1

busybox (V0.60.4): Linux normal command utility collection............................................... A-1

File manager.............................................................................................................. A-1

Editor......................................................................................................................... A-1

Network..................................................................................................................... A-1

Process....................................................................................................................... A-2

Other.......................................................................................................................... A-2

MOXA special utilities.............................................................................................. A-2

Appendix B Windows Tool Chain Introduction............................................................. B-1

Introduction..............................................................................................................................B-2

Installation Procedure ..............................................................................................................B-3

Using the BASH Shell .............................................................................................................B-6

GDB debug tool—Insight........................................................................................................B-7

Appendix C Service Information..................................................................................... C-1

MOXA Internet Services..........................................................................................................C-2

Problem Report Form ..............................................................................................................C-3

Product Return Procedure........................................................................................................C-4

1

1

Chapter 1 Introduction

Welcome to MOXA UC-7420/7410 RISC-based Communication Platforms. Available features
include eight RS-232/422/485 serial ports, dual 10/100 Mbps Ethernet ports, a PCMCIA interface
for wireless LAN communication, and CompactFlash and USB ports for mass storage disk
expansion, making UC-7420/7410 ideal for your embedded applications.

The following topics are covered in this chapter:

 Overview

¾ Package Checklist
¾ Product Features
¾ Product Hardware Specifications

 Hardware Introduction

¾ Appearance and Dimensions
¾ Hardware Block Diagram
¾ LED Indicators
¾ Reset-type Buttons
¾ Real Time Clock

 Placement Options

¾ Wall or Cabinet
¾ DIN-Rail Mounting

 Hardware Connection Description

¾ Wiring Requirements
¾ Connecting the Power
¾ Grounding UC-7420/7410
¾ Connecting to the Network
¾ Connecting to a Serial Device
¾ Connecting to the Console Port
¾ PCMCIA
¾ CompactFlash

 Software Introduction

¾ Software Architecture
¾ Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2)
¾ Software Package
¾ Software Version Comparison Table

UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Introduction

Overview

UC-7420/7410 RISC-based Communication Platforms are ideal for embedded applications.
UC-7420/7410 has eight RS-232/422/485 serial ports, dual 10/100 Mbps Ethernet ports, a
PCMCIA interface for wireless LAN communication, and CompactFlash and USB port for mass
storage flash disk expansion.

UC-7420/7410 uses an Intel XScale IXP-422 266 Mhz RISC CPU. Unlike the X86 CPU, which
uses a CISC design, the IXP-422’s RISC design architecture and modern semiconductor
technology provide UC-7420/7410 with a powerful computing engine and communication
functions, but without generating a lot of heat. The built-in 32 MB NOR Flash ROM and 128 MB
SDRAM give you enough memory to put your application software directly on UC-7420/7410.
And since the dual LAN ports are built right into the IXP-422 CPU, UC-7420/7410 makes an ideal
communication platform for Network Security applications. If your application requires placing
UC-7420/7410 in a location that is not located near an Ethernet LAN connection, you can use
UC-7420/7410’s PCMCIA port to attach a wireless LAN card.

The pre-installed Linux operating system provides an open software operating system for your
software program development. Software written for desktop PCs can be easily ported to the
UC-7420/7410 platform with a GNU cross compiler, without needing to modify the source code.
All of the necessary device drivers, such as a PCMCIA Wireless LAN module and Keypad, LCM,
and Buzzer control, are also included with UC-7420/7410. The Operating System, device drivers,
and the software you develop for your own application, can all be stored in UC-7420/7410’s Flash
memory.

Package Checklist

UC-7410-LX

RISC-based Universal Communicator with 8 Serial Ports, Dual Ethernet, Linux OS

UC-7420-LX

RISC-based Universal Communicator with 8 Serial Ports, Dual Ethernet, PCMCIA, Compact
Flash, USB, Linux OS

UC-7420/7410 is shipped with the following items:

y UC-7410 or UC-7420
y Wall-Mounting Kit
y DIN-Rail Mounting Kit
y UC-7420/7410 Quick Installation Guide
y UC-7420/7410 Documentation & Software CD
y Cross-over Ethernet cable
y CBL-RJ45M9-150: 150 cm, 8-pin RJ45 to Male DB9 serial port cable
y CBL-RJ45F9-150: 150 cm, 8-pin RJ45 to Female DB9 console port cable
y Power Adaptor
y Product Warranty Booklet

NOTE: Notify your sales representative if any of the above items is missing or damaged.

Product Features

y Intel XScale IXP-422 266 MHz Processor
y On-board 128 MB RAM, 32 MB Flash ROM
y Eight RS-232/422/485 serial ports
y Dual 10/100 Mbps Ethernet

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Introduction

y PCMCIA/CompactFlash expansion (UC-7420 only)
y USB Host for mass storage device (UC-7420 only)
y LCM display and Keypad for HMI
y Linux-ready communication platform
y DIN-Rail or wall mounting installation
y Robust fanless design

Product Hardware Specifications

UC-7410-LX UC7420-LX
CPU
RAM
Flash
LAN
LAN Protection
Serial Ports

Serial Protection
Data bits
Stop bits
Parity
Flow Control
Speed

Serial Console/PPP
USB 2.0 Host
USB 1.1 Client
PCMCIA
Compact Flash
Real Time Clock
LCM
Buzzer
LEDs
Key Pad
Power input
Power Consumption
Dimensions
Gross Weight
Operating temperature
Storage temperature
Regulatory Approvals

Warran ty

Intel Xscale IXP-422, 266 MHz
128 MB
32 MB
Auto-sensing 10/100 Mbps x 2
Built-in 1.5 KV magnetic isolation
Eight RS-232/422/485 ports
RS-232 signals:
TxD, RxD, DTR, DSR, RTS, CTS, DCD, GND
RS-422 signals:
TxD+, TxD-, RxD+, RxD-, GND
4 wire RS-485 signals:
TxD+, TxD-, RxD+, RxD-, GND
2 wire RS-485 signals:
Data+, Data-, GND
15 KV ESD for all signals
5, 6, 7, 8
1, 1.5, 2
None, even, odd, space, mark
RTS/CTS, XON/XOFF
50 bps to 921.6 Kbps
(50 bps to 230.4 Kbps for Hardware version V1.0)
RS-232 x 1, RJ45
N/A 2
1 1
N/A
N/A
Ye s
128 x 64 dots
Ye s
Serial x 8, Console/PPP x 1, PWR x 1, Ready x 1, LAN 10/100 x 2
5 buttons
12-48 VDC
10W 12W
197 x 125 x 44mm
875 g

-10 to 60°C, (14 to 140°F), 5 to 95% RH

-20 to 80°C, (-4 to 185°F), 5 to 95% RH
EMC: FCC Class A, CE Class A
Safety: UL, CUL, TÜV
5 years

PCMCIA type I/II socket x 1
CompactFlash type I/II socket x 1

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Introduction

Hardware Introduction

Appearance and Dimensions

Appearance

UC-7410/7420 Rear View

12-48 VDC
Power Input

10/100 Mbps Ethernet x 2

DC 12-48V

V+ V-

CF x 1

UC-7410/7420 Top View

UC-7410/7420 Front View

RS-232/422/485

P1

P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8

PCMCIA

CF

PCMCIA x 1

LAN1 LAN2 Console

RS-232

PPP/Console

USB

Reset to

default

Reset

USB 2.0 Host x 2,
A Type Connector

USB 1.1 Client x 1,
miniB Connector

Graphics LCM
128 x 64 Dots

5 Buttons

RJ45 RS-232/422/485
Connectors x 8

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Introduction

Dimensions

125 mm [4.92"]

197 mm [7.76"]

[1.73"]

44 mm

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Introduction

Hardware Block Diagram

The following block diagram shows the layout of UC-7420’s internal components (the layout for
UC-7410 is slightly different).

Ethernet

USB
Host

USB
controller

Moxa UART ASIC

LED Indicators

UC-7420/7410 has 12 LED indicators on the top panel. Refer to the following table for
information about each LED.

PCMCIA &
CompactFlash

PCI to cardbus
Bridge

PCI Bus

RS-232/422/485

USB
Client

Console LAN2 LAN1

PHY PHY

RS-232

Xscale IXP-422 266 MHz
32 MB Flash
128 MB SDRAM

LCM Display
& Keypad

7 85 61 2 3 4

Power

Power
circuit

RTC

LED Name Color Meaning

Ready Green Power is ON, and system is ready (after booting up)

LAN1, LAN2

Console

P5, P6, P7, P8

Yellow 10 Mbps Ethernet connection
Green 100 Mbps Ethernet connection
Yellow Console port is receiving RX data from the serial device.
Green Console port is transmitting TX data to the serial device.
Yellow Serial port is receiving RX data from the serial device. P1, P2, P3, P4,
Green Serial port is transmitting TX data to the serial device.

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Introduction

Reset-type Buttons

UC-7420/7410 has two reset-type buttons. The button labeled Reset has the same effect as
unplugging the power and then plugging the power back in. The button labeled Reset to default
returns UC-7420/7410 to the factory default parameter configuration.

Reset Button

Pressing the Reset button initiates a hardware reboot. The button plays the same role as a desktop
PC’s reset button.

In normal use, you should NOT use the Reset Button. You should only use this function if the
software is not working properly. To reset an embedded linux system, always use the software
reboot command />reboot to protect the integrity of data being transmitted or processed.

Reset to default Button

Press the Reset to default button continuously for at least 5 seconds to load the factory default
configuration. After the factory default configuration has been loaded, the system will reboot

automatically. The Ready LED will blink on and off for the first 5 seconds, and then maintain a
steady glow once the system has rebooted.

We recommend that you only use this function if the software is not working properly and you
want to load factory default settings. To reset an embedded linux system, always use the software
reboot command />reboot to protect the integrity of data being transmitted or processed. The
Reset to default button is not designed to hard reboot UC-7420/7410.

ATTENTION

Reset to default preserves user’s data

The Reset to default button will NOT format the user directory and erase the user’s data.
Pressing the Reset to default button will only load the configuration file. All files in the /etc
directory will revert to their factory defaults, but other User Data will still exist in the Flash
ROM.

If you need to load the default System Image file, refer to the “System Image Backup” section in
Chapter 3,

“Reset to Default” supported by hardware versions V1.2 and higher
The Reset to default button is only supported after hardware version V1.2. You can identify the

hardware version from UC-7420/7410’s bottom label. You will need to contact Moxa to
determine the version of your product’s hardware. When contacting our customer support team,
you will need to provide the product’s Serial Number (S/N), which can be found on
UC-7420/7410’s bottom label.

Real Time Clock

UC-7420/7410’s real time clock is powered by a lithium battery. We strongly recommend that you
do not replace the lithium battery without help from a qualified Moxa support engineer. If you
need to change the battery, contact Moxa RMA service team.

WARNING

There is a risk of explosion if the battery is replaced by an incorrect type.

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Introduction

Placement Options

Wall or Cabinet

The two metal brackets that come standard with UC-7420/7410 are used to attach UC-7420/7410
to a wall, or the inside of a cabinet. Use two screws per bracket first to attach the brackets to the
bottom of the UC-7420/7410 (Fig. A). Next, use two screws per bracket to attach the
UC-7420/7410 to a wall or cabinet (Fig. B).

Figure A: UC-7420/7410 Universal Communicator—Wall Mounting Brackets (bottom view)

Figure B: UC-7420/7410 Universal Communicator—Wall Mounting Brackets (top view)

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Introduction

DIN-Rail Mounting

The aluminum DIN-Rail attachment plate is included in the package. If you need to reattach the
DIN-Rail attachment plate to UC-7420/7410, make sure the stiff metal spring is situated towards
the top, as shown in the figures below.

1. Insert the top of the DIN-Rail into the
slot just below the stiff metal spring.

metal
spring

DIN-Rail

To remove UC-7420/7410 from the DIN-Rail, simply reverse Steps 1 and 2 above.

Hardware Connection Description

This section describes how to connect UC-7420/7410 to serial devices for first time testing
purposes. We cover Wiring Requirements, Connecting the Power, Grounding UC-7420/7410,

Connecting to the Network, Connecting to a Serial Device, Connecting to the Console Port,
PCMCIA, and CompactFlash.

Wiring Requirements

2. The DIN-Rail attachment unit will snap
into place as shown below.

metal
spring

DIN-Rail

ATTENTION

Safety First!

Be sure to disconnect the power cord before installing and/or wiring your UC-7420/7410.
Wiring Caution!
Calculate the maximum possible current in each power wire and common wire. Observe all

electrical codes dictating the maximum current allowable for each wire size.
If the current goes above the maximum ratings, the wiring could overheat, causing serious

damage to your equipment.

Temperature Caution!

Be careful when handling UC-7420/7410. When plugged in, UC-7420/7410’s internal
components generate heat, and consequently the outer casing may feel hot to the touch.

You should also observe the following common wiring rules:

y Use separate paths to route wiring for power and devices. If power wiring and device wiring

paths must cross, make sure the wires are perpendicular at the intersection point.

NOTE: Do not run signal or communication wiring and power wiring in the same wire
conduit. To avoid interference, wires with different signal characteristics should be routed
separately.

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Introduction

y You can use the type of signal transmitted through a wire to determine which wires should be

kept separate. The rule of thumb is that wiring that shares similar electrical characteristics can
be bundled together.

y Keep input wiring and output wiring separate.
y Where necessary, it is strongly advised that you label wiring to all devices in the system.

Connecting the Power

Connect the 12-48 VDC power line with UC-7420/7410’s terminal block. If the power is properly
supplied, the Ready LED will illuminate with a solid green color after 30 to 60 seconds have
passed.

Grounding UC-7420/7410

Grounding and wire routing helps limit the effects of noise due to electromagnetic interference
(EMI). Run the ground connection from the ground screw to the grounding surface prior to
connecting devices.

ATTENTION

This product is intended to be mounted to a well-grounded mounting surface, such as a metal
panel.

SG

DC 12-48V

SG: The Shielded Ground (sometimes called Protected Ground) contact is

Connecting to the Network

Connect one end of the Ethernet cable to one of UC-7420/7410’s 10/100M Ethernet ports (8-pin
RJ45) and the other end of the cable to the Ethernet network. If the cable is properly connected,
UC-7420/7410 will indicate a valid connection to the Ethernet in the following ways:

18

18

The bottom right corner LED indicator maintains
a solid green color when the cable is properly
connected to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network. The
LED will flash on and off when Ethernet packets
are being transmitted or received.

The bottom left corner LED indicator maintains a
solid orange color when the cable is properly
connected to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network. The
LED will flash on and off when Ethernet packets
are being transmitted or received.

the left most contact of the 3-pin power terminal block connector
when viewed from the angle shown here. Connect the SG wire to an
appropriate grounded metal surface.

Pin Signal

1 ETx+
2 ETx­3 ERx+
4 --­5 --­6 ERx­7 --­8 ---

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Introduction

Connecting to a Serial Device

Use properly wired serial cables to connect UC-7420/7410 to serial devices. UC-7420/7410’s
serial ports (P1 to P8) use 8-pin RJ45 connectors. The ports can be configured by software for
RS-232, RS-422, or 2-wire RS-485. The precise pin assignments are shown in the following table:

Pin RS-232 RS-422 RS-485

18

1 DSR --- --­2 RTS TXD+ --­3 GND GND GND
4 TXD TXD- --­5 RXD RXD+ Data+
6 DCD RXD- Data­7 CTS --- --­8 DTR --- ---

Connecting to the Console Port

UC-7420/7410’s console port is an 8-pin RJ45 RS-232 port. The port can be used to connect to the
console utility from a remote console via a V90 or GPRS modem with PPP protocol. The pin
definition is the same as for the serial ports (P1 to P8). For normal data acquisition applications,
you should connect to UC-7420/7410’s serial ports (P1 to P8) via a V90 or GPRS modem. If you
would like to use the console port for normal data acquisition applications, you can set the Console
port to startup via PPP protocol. For details, refer to “Dial-up Service—PPP” section in Chapter 4.

PCMCIA

The PCMCIA slot supports the CardBus (Card-32) Card standard and 16-bit (PCMCIA 2.1/JEIDA

4.2) Card standard. It supports +3.3V, +5V, and +12V at a working voltage of 120 mA. Wireless
LAN card expansion is optional. The Wireless LAN card provided by Moxa lets you connect
UC-7420/7410 to a Wireless LAN, with both 802.1b and 802.11g interfaces supported.

If you need device drivers for other kinds of PCMCIA cards, contact Moxa for information on
how to initiate a cooperative development project.

CompactFlash

UC-7420 provides one CompactFlash slot that supports CompactFlash type I/II card expansion.
Currently, Moxa provides a CompactFlash disk for plug & play mass storage expansion. You may
also use flash disks available from most computer supply outlets. The CompactFlash will be
mounted at

If you need device drivers for other kinds of mass storage cards, contact Moxa for information on
how to initiate a cooperative development project.

/mnt/hda

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Introduction

Software Introduction

Software Architecture

The Linux operating system that is pre-installed in UC-7420/7410 follows the standard Linux
architecture, making it easy to port programs that follow the POSIX standard to UC-7420/7410.
Porting is done with the GNU Tool Chain provided by Moxa. In addition to the Standard POSIX
API, device drivers for the LCM, buzzer and Keypad controls, USB/CompactFlash mass storage,
UART, and Wireless LAN PCMCIA card are also included in the UC-7420/7410 Linux system.

AP

API

Protocol
Stack

Device
Driver

Microkernel

OS Kernel

Hardware

User Application

Application Interface (POSIX, Socket, Secure Socket)

TCP, IP, UDP, CMP, ARP, HTTP, SNMP, SMTP

PCMCIA, CF, WLAN, USB, UART, RTC, LCM, Keypad

Memory control, Schedule, Process

RS-232/422/485, Ethernet, PCMCIA, CompactFlash, USB

Daemon (Apache, Telnet, FTPD, SNMP)

File

System

UC-7420/7410’s Flash ROM is partitioned into Boot Loader, Linux Kernel, Mini Root File
System, and User Root File System partitions.

In order to prevent user applications from crashing the Root File System, UC-7420/7410 uses a
specially designed Mini File System with Protected Configuration for emergency use. This

Mini File System comes with serial and Ethernet communication capability for users to load the
Factory Default Image file. The Mini File System will only be activated if the boot loader fails to

load the User Root File System.

User AP

User Directory

(User Configuration)

Linux Kernel & Root

Mini Root File System

Boot Loader

HW

Configuration

To improve system reliability, UC-7420/7410 has a built-in mechanism that prevents the system
from crashing. The procedure is as follows.

When the Linux kernel boots up, the kernel will mount the root file system, and then enable

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Introduction

services and daemons. During this time, the kernel will start searching for system configuration
parameters via rc or inittab.

Normally, the kernel uses the User Root File System to boot up the system. The Mini Root File
System is protected, and cannot be changed by the user, providing a “safe” zone. The kernel will
only use the Mini Root File System when the User Root File System crashes.

For more information about the memory map and programming, refer to Chapter 5,
“Programmer’s Guide.”

Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2)

The User Root File System in the flash memory is formatted with the Journaling Flash File
System (JFFS2). The formatting process places a compressed file system in the flash memory,

transparent to the user.

The Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2), which was developed by Axis Communications in
Sweden, puts a file system directly on the flash, instead of emulating a block device. It is designed
for use on flash-ROM chips and recognizes the special write requirements of a flash-ROM chip.
JFFS2 implements wear-leveling to extend the life of the flash disk, and stores the flash directory
structure in the RAM. A log-structured file system is maintained at all times. The system is always
consistent, even if it encounters crashes or improper power-downs, and does not require fsck (file
system check) on boot-up.

JFFS2 is the newest version of JFFS. It provides improved wear-leveling and garbage-collection
performance; improved RAM footprint and response to system-memory pressure, improved
concurrency and support for suspending flash erases; marking of bad sectors with continued use of
the remaining good sectors, which enhances the write-life of the devices; native data compression
inside the file system design; support for hard links.

The key features of JFFS2 are:

y Targets the Flash ROM Directly
y Robustness
y Consistency across power failures
y No integrity scan (fsck) is required at boot time after normal or abnormal shutdown
y Explicit wear leveling
y Transparent compression

Although JFFS2 is a journaling file system, this does not preclude the loss of data. The file system
will remain in a consistent state across power failures and will always be mountable. However, if
the board is powered down during a write then the incomplete write will be rolled back on the next
boot, but writes that have already been completed will not be affected.

Additional information about JFFS2 is available at:

http://sources.redhat.com/jffs2/jffs2.pdf
http://developer.axis.com/software/jffs/
http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/

Software Package

Boot Loader
Kernel
Protocol Stack

File System

Redboot (V1.92)
MontaVista embedded Linux 2.4.18
ARP, PPP, CHAP, PAP, IPv4, ICMP, TCP, UDP, DHCP, FTP, SNMP
V1/V3, HTTP, NTP, NFS, SMTP, SSH 1.0/2.0, SSL, Telnet, PPPoE,
OpenVPN
JFFS2, NFS, Ext2, Ext3, VFAT/FAT

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Introduction

OS shell command
Busybox Linux normal command utility collection
Utilities

tinylogin login and user manager utility
telnet telnet client program
ftp FTP client program
smtpclient email utility
scp Secure file transfer Client Program

Daemons

pppd dial in/out over serial port daemon
snmpd snmpd agent daemon
telnetd telnet server daemon
inetd TCP server manager program
ftpd ftp server daemon
apache web server daemon
sshd secure shell server
nfs-user-server network file system server
openvpn virtual private network
openssl open SSL

Linux Tool Chain
Gcc (V3.3.2)
GDB (V5.3)
Glibc (V2.2.5)
Windows Tool Chain
Gcc (V3.3.2)
GDB (V5.3)
Glibc(V2.2.5)
Insight (V60.1)
Device Drivers

bash

C/C++ PC Cross Compiler
Source Level Debug Server
POSIX standard C library

C/C++ PC Cross Compiler
Source Level Debug Server
POSIX standard C library
Windows environment source level debug utility
PCMCIA & Card Bus: Wireless LAN Card Bus
CF: Mass storage CompactFlash
USB: Flash Disk

Software Version Comparison Table

The following table is presented to give you a better understanding of the software capabilities of
the firmware version you are using. Note that some versions, including versions that just involved
bug fixes, may not be included in this table.

Contact Moxa directly for detailed version information, and visit Moxa’s website to download the
most up to date firmware version.

The firmware versions discussed here differ in the types and versions of BIOS, Kernel, Root File
System, Mini File System, and User Directory that they bundle.

V1.1 V1.4.3 V1.5

Serial port 230.4 Kbps 230.4 Kbps

WLAN

USB Host N/A N/A Mass Storage PNP
USB Client N/A N/A N/A
Reset to Factory Default button N/A N/A Yes (with HW V1.5)
Share Memory N/A N/A Yes

802.11b
(Prism2.0/2.5)

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802.11b
(Prism2.0/2.5)

921.6 Kbps (with HW
V1.5)

802.11b (Prism2.0/2.5)

802.11g (Gigabyte)

UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Introduction

Protocol stacks and utilities

Arp (utility) N/A Yes Yes
iptable N/A N/A Yes
Open VPN N/A N/A Yes
WatchDog API N/A N/A Yes
Crontable N/A N/A Yes
upfirm N/A N/A Yes
backupuf N/A N/A Yes
backupfs, bf Yes Yes N/A
minicom Yes Yes Replace by tip

Directory Change

/var

Apache root document /usr/html /usr/html /usr/www

User File
System

User File System Change to ramdisk

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2

2

Chapter 2 Getting Started

In this chapter, we explain how to connect UC-7420/7410, turn on the power, and then get started
using the programming and other functions.

The following topics are covered in this chapter:

 Powering on UC-7420/7410
 Connecting UC-7420/7410 to a PC

¾ Serial Console
¾ Telnet Console
¾ SSH Console

 Configuring the Ethernet Interface

¾ Modifying Network Settings with the Serial Console
¾ Modifying Network Settings over the Netowork

 Configuring the WLAN via the PCMCIA Interface

¾ IEEE802.11b
¾ IEEE802.11g

 Test Program—Developing Hello.c

¾ Installing the Tool Chain (Linux)
¾ Checking the Flash Memory Space
¾ Compiling Hello.c
¾ Uploading “Hello” to UC-7420/7410 and Running the Program

 Developing Your First Application

¾ Testing Environment
¾ Compiling tcps2.c
¾ Uploading tcps2-release and Running the Program
¾ Testing Procedure Summary

UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Getting Started

Powering on UC-7420/7410

Connect the SG wire to the Shielded Contact located in the upper left corner of the UC-7420/7410,
and then power on UC-7420/7410 by connecting it to the power adaptor. It takes about 30 to 60
seconds for the system to boot up. Once the system is ready, the Ready LED will light up, and the
Network address settings will appear on the LCM display.

NOTE After connecting UC-7420/7410 to the power supply, it will take about 30 to 60 seconds for the

operating system to boot up. The green Ready LED will not turn on until the operating system is
ready.

Connecting UC-7420/7410 to a PC

There are two ways to connect UC-7420/7410 to a PC: through the serial Console port or via
Telnet over the network.

Serial Console

The serial console port gives users a convenient way of connecting to UC-7420/7410’s console
utility. This method is particularly useful when using UC-7420/7410 for the first time. The signal
is transmitted over a direct serial connection, so you do not need to know either of
UC-7420/7410’s two IP addresses in order to connect to the serial console utility.

Use the serial console port settings shown below.

Baud rate
Parity
Data bits
Stop bits:
Flow Control
Terminal

Once the connection is established, the following window will open.

115200 bps
None
8
1
None
VT100

To log in, type the Login name and password as requested. The default values are both root:

Login: root
Password: root

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Getting Started

Telnet Console

If you know at least one of the two IP addresses and netmasks, then you can use Telnet to connect
to UC-7420/7410’s console utility. The default IP address and Netmask for each of the two ports
are given below:

LAN 1
LAN 2

Use a cross-over Ethernet cable to connect directly from your PC to UC-7420/7410. You should
first modify your PC’s IP address and netmask so that your PC is on the same subnet as one of
UC-7420/7410’s two LAN ports. For example, if you connect to LAN 1, you can set your PC’s IP
address to 192.168.3.126 and netmask to 255.255.255.0. If you connect to LAN 2, you can set
your PC’s IP address to 192.168.4.126 and netmask to 255.255.255.0.

To connect to a hub or switch connected to your local LAN, use a straight-through Ethernet cable.
The default IP addresses and netmasks are shown above. To login, type the Login name and
password as requested. The default values are both root:

Login: root
Password: root

Default IP Address Netmask

192.168.3.127 255.255.255.0

192.168.4.127 255.255.255.0

You can proceed with the configuration of UC-7420/7410’s network settings when you reach the
bash command shell. Configuration instructions are given in the next section.

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Getting Started

ATTENTION

Serial Console Reminder

Remember to choose VT100 as the terminal type. Use cable CBL-RJ45F9-150, which comes
with UC-7420/7410, to connect to the serial console port.

Telnet Reminder
When connecting to UC-7420/7410 over a LAN, you must configure your PC’s Ethernet IP

address to be on the same subnet as the UC-7420/7410 you wish to contact. If you do not get
connected on the first try, re-check the serial and IP settings, and then unplug and re-plug
UC-7420/7410’s power cord.

SSH Console

UC-7420/7410 supports an SSH Console to offer users with better security options.

Windows Users

Click on the link http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html to download
PuTTY (free software) to set up an SSH console for UC-7420/7410 in a Windows environment.
The following figure shows a simple example of the configuration that is required.

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Getting Started

Linux Users

From a Linux machine, use the “ssh” command to access UC-7420/7410’s Console utility via
SSH.

#ssh 192.168.3.127

Select yes to complete the connection.

[root@bee_notebook root]# ssh 192.168.3.127
The authenticity of host ‘192.168.3.127 (192.168.3.127)’ can’t be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 8b:ee:ff:84:41:25:fc:cd:2a:f2:92:8f:cb:1f:6b:2f.
Are you sure you want to continue connection (yes/no)? yes_

NOTE SSH provides better security compared to Telnet for accessing UC-7420/7410’s Console utility

over the network.

Configuring the Ethernet Interface

UC-7420/7410’s network settings can be modified with the serial Console, or online over the
network.

Modifying Network Settings with the Serial Console

In this section, we use the serial console to modify UC-7420/7410’s network settings.

1. Follow the instructions given in a previous section to access UC-7420/7410’s Console Utility
via the serial Console port, and then type

2. Type

#vi interfaces

configure UC-7420/7410’s Ethernet ports for static or dynamic (DHCP) IP addresses.

Static IP addresses:

As shown below, 4 network addresses need to be modified: address, network, netmask, and
broadcast. The default IP addresses are 192.168.3.127 for LAN1 and 192.168.4.127 for

LAN2, with default netmask of 255.255.255.0.

to edit the network configuration file with vi editor. You can

#cd /etc/network

to change directories.

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Getting Started

Dynamic IP addresses

By default, UC-7420/7410 is configured for “static” IP addresses. To configure one or both
LAN ports to request an IP address dynamically, replace static with dhcp and then delete the
address, network, netmask, and broadcast lines.

Default Setting for LAN1 Dynamic Setting using DHCP
iface ixp0 inet static

address 192.168.3.127
network: 192.168.3.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
broadcast 192.168.3.255

3. After the boot settings of the LAN interface have been modified, issue the following
command to activate the LAN settings immediately:

#/etc/init.d/networking restart

:

iface ixp0 inet dhcp

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Getting Started

NOTE After changing the IP settings, use the networking restart command to activate the new IP

address. However, the LCM display will still show the old IP address. To update the LCM
display, you will need to reboot the UC-7420/7410.

Modifying Network Settings over the Network

IP settings can be activated over the network, but the new settings will not be saved to the flash
ROM without modifying the file

/etc/network/interfaces

.

For example, type the command
LAN1 to 192.168.1.1.

#ifconfig ixp0 192.168.1.1

to change the IP address of

Configuring the WLAN via the PCMCIA Interface

IEEE802.11b

The following IEEE802.11b wireless modules are supported:

y NDC NWH1010
y Senao NL-2511CD PLUS(F200)
y Senao NL-2511CD PLUS EXT2 MERCURY (ETSI)
y Senao NI3-2511CD-PLUS3
y DARK DKW11-330HP
y DARK XI-330H
y Planex (PCI) GW-NS11H
y Corega CG-WLPCCL-11

To configure the WLAN for IEEE802.11b:

1. Unplug the PCMCIA Wireless LAN card first.

2. Configure the Wireless LAN card’s default IP setting profile.

(Default IP address is 192.168.5.127, netmask 255.255.255.0)

Edit network.opts with the following command to edit Wireless LAN’s default setting.

#vi /etc/pcmcia/network.opts

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Getting Started

3. Configure the Wireless LAN card’s default SSID setting profile.

(Default SSID is “any”)

#vi /etc/wlan/wlan.conf

// Consult your network administrator for SSID required in your wireless
network. For example, SSID_waln0=”any”, Enable_wlan0=y//

4. Duplicate the configuration profile to a new profile.

#cp /etc/wlan/wlancfg-DEFAULT /etc/wlan/wlancfg-any

// Copy configuration profile “DEFAULT” to new configuration profile “any”//

5. Configure the WEP setting, if WEP is required on your wireless network.

#vi /etc/wlan/wlancfg-any

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Getting Started

IEEE802.11g

The following IEEE802.11g wireless modules are supported:

y ASUS—WL-107g
y CNET—CWC-854 (181D version)
y Edmiax—EW-7108PCg
y Amigo—AWP-914W
y GigaByte—GN-WMGK
y Other brands that use the Ralink RT2560 series chip set

To configure the WLAN for IEEE802.11g:

1. Unplug the CardBus Wireless LAN card first.

2. Use the command
configuration file with vi editor, and then edit the 802.11g network settings (circled in red in
the following figure).

#vi /etc/networking/interfaces

to open the “interfaces”

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UC-7420/7410 User’s Manual Getting Started

3. Additional WLAN parameters are contained in the file RT2500STA.dat. To open the file,
navigate to the RT2500STA folder and invoke vi, or type the following command

#vi /etc/Wireless/RT2500STA/RT2500STA.dat

options for the various parameters are listed below the figure.

to edit the file with vi editor. Setting

CountryRegion—Sets the channels for your particular country / region

Setting Explanation

0 use channels 1 to 11
1 use channels 1 to 11
2 use channels 1 to 13
3 use channels 10, 11
4 use channels 10 to 13
5 use channel 14
6 use channels 1 to 14
7 use channels 3 to 9

WirelessMode—Sets the wireless mode

Setting Explanation

0 11b/g mixed
1 11b only
2 11g only

SSID—Sets the softAP SSID

Setting

Any 32-byte string

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