Moxa PT-G7728, PT-G7828 User Manual

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PT-G7828/G7728 User’s Manual

Edition 1.3, May 2019

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PT-G7828/G7728 User’s Manual

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Table of Contents

1. About this Manual ............................................................................................................................. 1-1

2. Getting Started.................................................................................................................................. 2-1

USB Console Configuration (115200, None, 8, 1, VT100) ......................................................................... 2-2

Configuration by Command Line Interface (CLI) ..................................................................................... 2-4

Configuration by Web Console .............................................................................................................. 2-6

Disabling Telnet and Browser Access ..................................................................................................... 2-7

3. Featured Functions ........................................................................................................................... 3-1

Home ................................................................................................................................................ 3-2

System Settings ................................................................................................................................. 3-2

System Information ..................................................................................................................... 3-2

Module Information ..................................................................................................................... 3-3

User Account .............................................................................................................................. 3-4

Password Login Policy .................................................................................................................. 3-6

Network ..................................................................................................................................... 3-6

Date and Time ............................................................................................................................ 3-9

NTP Authentication Settings ........................................................................................................ 3-10

IEEE 1588 ................................................................................................................................ 3-11

Warning Notification .................................................................................................................. 3-17

MAC Address Table .................................................................................................................... 3-24

System Files ............................................................................................................................. 3-25

Restart ..................................................................................................................................... 3-28

Factory Default ......................................................................................................................... 3-28

PoE (PoE Models Only) ...................................................................................................................... 3-29

PoE Settings ............................................................................................................................. 3-29

VLAN ............................................................................................................................................... 3-39

The Virtual LAN (VLAN) Concept .................................................................................................. 3-39

Sample Applications of VLANs Using Moxa Switches ....................................................................... 3-41

Configuring a Virtual LAN ........................................................................................................... 3-42

VLAN Name Setting ................................................................................................................... 3-44

QinQ Settings ........................................................................................................................... 3-44

VLAN Table ............................................................................................................................... 3-45

Port ................................................................................................................................................ 3-45

Port Settings ............................................................................................................................. 3-45

Port Status ............................................................................................................................... 3-46

Link Aggregation ....................................................................................................................... 3-47

Link-Swap Fast Recovery ........................................................................................................... 3-49

RSTP Grouping ................................................................................................................................. 3-49

Multicast .......................................................................................................................................... 3-51

The Concept of Multicast Filtering ................................................................................................ 3-51

IGMP Snooping ......................................................................................................................... 3-54

IGMP Snooping Setting .............................................................................................................. 3-54

IGMP Group Status .................................................................................................................... 3-55

Stream Table ............................................................................................................................ 3-56

Static Multicast Address ............................................................................................................. 3-56

GMRP ....................................................................................................................................... 3-57

Multicast Filtering Behavior ......................................................................................................... 3-57

QoS ................................................................................................................................................ 3-58

The Traffic Prioritization Concept ................................................................................................. 3-58

Configuring Traffic Prioritization .................................................................................................. 3-60

CoS Classification ...................................................................................................................... 3-60

Priority Mapping ........................................................................................................................ 3-61

DSCP Mapping .......................................................................................................................... 3-62

Rate Limiting ............................................................................................................................ 3-62

Security ........................................................................................................................................... 3-64

Management Interface ............................................................................................................... 3-64

Trusted Access .......................................................................................................................... 3-66

SSL Certificate Management ....................................................................................................... 3-67

SSH Key Management ................................................................................................................ 3-67

Authentication .......................................................................................................................... 3-67

Port Security ............................................................................................................................. 3-74

Port Access Control Table ........................................................................................................... 3-77

Loop Protection ......................................................................................................................... 3-77

Access Control List .................................................................................................................... 3-77

DHCP .............................................................................................................................................. 3-84

IP-Port Binding.......................................................................................................................... 3-84

DHCP Relay Agent ..................................................................................................................... 3-84

SNMP .............................................................................................................................................. 3-87

SNMP Read/Write Settings .......................................................................................................... 3-88

Trap Settings ............................................................................................................................ 3-89

Industrial Protocols ........................................................................................................................... 3-94

Diagnostics ...................................................................................................................................... 3-95

LLDP ........................................................................................................................................ 3-95

Ping ......................................................................................................................................... 3-96

Port Mirroring ........................................................................................................................... 3-96

Monitoring ....................................................................................................................................... 3-96

CPU/Memory Utilization .............................................................................................................. 3-97

Statistics .................................................................................................................................. 3-97

Fiber Digital Diagnostics Monitoring (Fiber Check) ......................................................................... 3-98

Event Log ............................................................................................................................... 3-100

Tracking Function .................................................................................................................... 3-101

Substation ..................................................................................................................................... 3-107

IEC 61850 QoS ....................................................................................................................... 3-107

GOOSE Check ......................................................................................................................... 3-107

MMS server ............................................................................................................................ 3-109

A. MIB Groups ....................................................................................................................................... A-1



1. About this Manual

Thank you for purchasing a Moxa managed Ethernet switch. Read this user’s manual to learn how to

connect your Moxa switch to Ethernet-enabled devices used for industrial applications.

A synopsis of chapters 2 and 3 are given below:

Chapter 2: Getting Started

In this chapter, we explain the initial installation process for a Moxa switch. Moxa switches provide three

interfaces to access the configuration settings: USB console interface, command line interface, and web

console interface.

Chapter 3: Featured Functions

In this chapter, we explain how to access a Moxa switch’s various configuration, monitoring, and

management functions. The functions can be accessed by USB console, Telnet console, and web console

(web browser). We describe how to configure the switch functions via web console, which provides the

most user-friendly way to configure a Moxa switch.



2. Getting Started

In this chapter, we explain how to install a Moxa switch for the first time. There are three ways to access

the Moxa switch’s configuration settings: USB console, command line interface, or web-based interface. If

you do not know the Moxa switch’s IP address, you can open the USB console by connecting the Moxa

switch to a PC’s USB port with a USB cable. You can open the Telnet or web-based console over an Ethernet

LAN or over the Internet.

The following topics are covered in this chapter:

USB Console Configuration (115200, None, 8, 1, VT100)

Configuration by Command Line Interface (CLI)

Configuration by Web Console

Disabling Telnet and Browser Access

PT-G7828/G7728 Getting Started

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NOTE

console (serial or Telnet) at the same time.

NOTE

We recommend

This software can be

downloaded free of charge from the Moxa website.

USB Console Configuration (115200, None, 8, 1, VT100)

Moxa switch allows multi-session connections (up to 6) by connecting to the web console and another

Before running PComm Terminal Emulator, first install the USB console driver on your PC and then connect

the Moxa switch’s USB console port to your PC’s USB port with a USB cable.

After installing PComm Terminal Emulator, open the Moxa switch’s USB console as follows:

1. From the Windows desktop, click Start  Moxa  PComm Lite Ver1.6  Terminal Emulator.

using PComm Terminal Emulator when opening the USB console.

2. Select Open under the Port Manager menu to open a new connection.

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3. The Property window should open. On the Communication Parameter tab for Ports, select the COM

port that is being used for the console connection. Set the other fields as follows: 115200 for Baud

Rate, 8 for Data Bits, None for Parity, and 1 for Stop Bits.

4. On the Terminal tab, select VT100 for Terminal Type, and then click OK to continue.

5. In the terminal window, the Moxa switch will prompt you to select a terminal type. Enter 1 to select

ansi/vt100 and then press Enter.

6. The USB console will prompt you to log in. Press Enter and select admin or user. Use the down arrow

key on your keyboard to select the Password field and enter a password if desired. This password will

be required to access any of the consoles (web, serial, Telnet).

PT-G7828/G7728 Getting Started

2-4

By default, the

after

Up, down, right, left arrow keys, Tab

Move the onscreen cursor

NOTE

To connect to the Moxa switch’s Telnet or web console, your PC host and the Moxa switch must be on the

same logical subnet.

NOTE

When connecting to the Moxa switch’s Telnet or web console, first connect one of the Moxa switch’s

Ethernet ports to your Ethernet LAN, or directly to your PC’s Ethernet port. You may use either a straight

through or cross

NOTE

The Moxa switch’s default IP address is 192.168.127.253.

OTE

password assigned to the Moxa switch is moxa. Be sure to change the default password

you first log in to help keep your system secure.

7. The Main Menu of the Moxa switch’s USB console should appear. (In PComm Terminal Emulator, you

can adjust the font by selecting Font… from the Edit menu.)

8. Use the following keys on your keyboard to navigate the Moxa switch’s USB console:

Key Function

Enter Display and select options

Space Toggle options

Esc Previous menu

Configuration by Command Line Interface (CLI)

Opening the Moxa switch’s Telnet or web console over a network requires that the PC host and Moxa switch

are on the same logical subnet. You may need to adjust your PC host’s IP address and subnet mask. By

default, the Moxa switch’s IP address is 192.168.127.253 and the Moxa switch’s subnet mask is

255.255.255.0 (referred to as a Class B network). Your PC’s IP address must be set to 192.168.xxx.xxx if

the subnet mask is 255.255.0.0, or to 192.168.127.xxx if the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.

-over Ethernet cable.

After making sure that the Moxa switch is connected to the same LAN and logical subnet as your PC, open

the Moxa switch’s Telnet console as follows:

PT-G7828/G7728 Getting Started

2-5

1. Click Start  Run from the Windows Start menu and then Telnet to the Moxa switch’s IP address from

the Windows Run window. You may also issue the Telnet command from a DOS prompt.

2. In the terminal window, the Telnet console will prompt you to select a terminal type. Type 1 to choose

ansi/vt100, and then press Enter.

3. The Telnet console will prompt you to log in. Press Enter and then select admin or user. Use the down

arrow key on your keyboard to select the Password field and enter a password if desired. This

password will be required to access any of the consoles (web, serial, Telnet). If you do not wish to create

a password, leave the Password field blank and press Enter.

4. The Main Menu of the Moxa switch’s Telnet console should appear.

PT-G7828/G7728 Getting Started

2-6

NOTE

The Telnet console looks and operates in precisely the same manner as the

NOTE

When connecting

on the same logical subnet.

NOTE

If the Moxa switch is configured for other VLAN settings, you must make sure your PC host is on the

management

NOTE

When connecting to the Moxa switch’s Telnet or web console, first connect one of the Moxa switch’s

Ethernet ports to your Ethernet LAN, or directly to your PC’s Ethernet port. You may use either a straight

through or cross

NOTE

The Moxa switch’s default IP address is 192.168.127.253.

5. Use the following keys on your keyboard to navigate the Moxa switch’s Telnet console:

Key Function

Up, down, right, left arrow keys, Tab Move the onscreen cursor

Enter Display and select options

Space Toggle options

Esc Previous menu

Configuration by Web Console

The Moxa switch’s web console is a convenient platform for modifying the configuration and accessing the

built-in monitoring and network management functions. You can open the Moxa switch’s web console using

a standard web browser, such as Internet Explorer.

to the Moxa switch’s Telnet or web console, your PC host and the Moxa switch must be

VLAN.

-over Ethernet cable.

USB console.

After making sure that the Moxa switch is connected to the same LAN and logical subnet as your PC, open

the Moxa switch’s web console as follows:

1. Connect your web browser to the Moxa switch’s IP address by entering it in the Address or URL field.

2. The Moxa switch’s web console will open, and you will be prompted to log in. Select the login account

(admin or user) and enter the Password. This password will be required to access any of the consoles

(web, serial, Telnet). If you do not wish to create a password, leave the Password field blank and press

Enter.

PT-G7828/G7728 Getting Started

2-7

NOTE

By default, the

after



you first log in to help keep your system secure.

3. After logging in, you may need to wait a few moments for the web console to appear. Use the folders in

the left navigation panel to navigate between different pages of configuration options.

password assigned to the Moxa switch is moxa. Be sure to change the default password

Disabling Telnet and Browser Access

If you are connecting the Moxa switch to a public network but do not intend to manage it over the network,

we suggest disabling both the Telnet and web consoles. This is done from the USB console by navigating to

System Identification under Basic Settings

Console and Web Configuration as shown below:

System Information. Disable or enable the Telnet

PT-G7828/G7728 Getting Started

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

3. Featured Functions

In this chapter, we explain how to access the Moxa switch’s various configuration, monitoring, and

management functions. These functions can be accessed by USB console, Telnet console, or web console.

The USB console can be used if you do not know the Moxa switch’s IP address. To access the USB console,

connect switch’s USB port to your PC’s COM port. The Telnet and web consoles can be opened over an

Ethernet LAN or the Internet.

The web console is the most user-friendly interface for configuring a Moxa switch. In this chapter, we use

the web console interface to introduce the console functions. There are only a few differences between the

web console, USB console, and Telnet console.

The following topics are covered in this chapter:

Home

System Settings

 System Information

 User Account

 Password Login Policy

 Network

 Date and Time

PT-G7828/G7728 Featured Functions

3-2

Home

The Home page shows the summary of the Moxa switch information including System Information,

Redundancy Protocol, Event Log, and Device virtualization panel. By showing the switch's information and

event log, the operators can easily understand the system and port link status at a glance.

System Settings

The System Settings section includes the most common settings required by administrators to maintain

and control a Moxa switch.

System Information

Define System Information items to make it easier to identify different switches that are connected to

your network.

PT-G7828/G7728 Featured Functions

3-3

NOTE

The Switch Name field

of the unit.

Switch Name

Setting Description Factory Default

Max. 30 characters This option is useful for differentiating between the roles or

applications of different units. Example:

ManagedRedundantSwitch00000

none

Switch Location

Setting Description Factory Default

Max. 255 characters This option is useful for differentiating between the locations

Switch Description

Setting Description Factory Default

Max. 30 characters This option is useful for recording a more detailed description

Contact Information

Setting Description Factory Default

Max. 30 characters This option is useful for providing information about who is

Web Login Message

Setting Description Factory Default

Max. 240 characters This option is useful as it shows a message when a user’s

Setting Description Factory Default

Max. 240 characters This option is useful as it shows a message when a user’s

does not allow spaces.

Switch Location

of different switches. Example: production line 1.

Switch Model name

None

responsible for maintaining this unit and how to contact this

person.

Switch Location

Module Information

This page displays the model name and serial number information of the device, including main chassis, line

module, and power module. Below is an example of the information that will be displayed.

PT-G7828/G7728 Featured Functions

3-4

NOTE

change the password after

parameters.

User Account

The Moxa switch supports the management of accounts, including establishing, activating, modifying,

disabling, and removing accounts. There are two levels of configuration access: admin and user. Accounts

with admin authority have read/write access of all configuration parameters, whereas accounts with user

authority only have read access to view configuration items.

In order to maintain a higher level of security, we strongly suggest that you

you first log in.

By default, the admin user account cannot be deleted or disabled.

Active

Setting Description Factory Default

Checked This account can access the switch’s configuration settings. Checked

Unchecked This account cannot access the switch’s configuration

Authority

Setting Description Factory Default

admin This account has read/write access of all configuration

user This account can only view configuration parameters.

Creating a New Account

Click Create, type in the user name and password, and assign an authority to the new account. Click Apply

to add the account to the Account List table.

Setting Description Factory Default

User Name

(Max. of 30

characters)

Password Password for the user account.

settings.

admin

User Name None

None

(between 4 and 16 characters)

PT-G7828/G7728 Featured Functions

3-5

Modifying an Existing Account

Select an existing account from the Account List table, modify the account details, and then click Apply to

save the changes.

Deleting an Existing Account

Select an account from the Account List table and then click Delete to delete the account.

PT-G7828/G7728 Featured Functions

3-6

Password Login Policy

In order to prevent hackers from cracking the password, Moxa switches allow users to configure a password

for their account and lock the account in the event that the wrong password is entered. The account

password policy requires passwords to be of a minimum length and complexity with a strength check. If

Account Login Failure Lockout is enabled, you will need to configure the Retry Failure Threshold and

Lockout Time parameters. If the number of login attempts exceeds the Retry Failure Threshold, users will

need to wait the number of minutes configured in Lockout Time before trying again.

Network

Network configuration allows users to configure both IPv4 and IPv6 parameters for management access

over the network. The Moxa switch supports both IPv4 and IPv6, and can be managed through either of

these address types.

PT-G7828/G7728 Featured Functions

3-7

to (e.g., 255.255.0.0 for a Class B network, or 255.255.255.0

Setting

Description

Factory Default

IP Settings

The IPv4 settings include the switch’s IP address and subnet mask, as well as the IP address of the default

gateway. In addition, input cells are provided for the IP addresses of a 1st and 2nd DNS server.

The IPv6 settings include two distinct address types—Link-Local Unicast addresses and Global Unicast

addresses. A Link-Local address makes the switch accessible over IPv6 for all devices attached to the same

local subnet. To connect to a larger network with multiple segments, the switch must be configured with a

Global Unicast address.

Get IP From

Setting Description Factory Default

DHCP The Moxa switch’s IP address will be assigned automatically

by the network’s DHCP server.

BOOTP The Moxa switch’s IP address will be assigned automatically

by the network’s BootP server.

Manual The Moxa switch’s IP address must be set manually.

IP Address

Setting Description Factory Default

IP address for the

Moxa switch

Subnet Mask

Setting Description Factory Default

Subnet mask for the

Moxa switch

Default Gateway

IP address for gateway Specifies the IP address of the router that connects the LAN

Assigns the Moxa switch’s IP address on a TCP/IP network. 192.168.127.253

Identifies the type of network the Moxa switch is connected

for a Class C network).

to an outside network.

Manual

24(255.255.255.0)

None

PT-G7828/G7728 Featured Functions

3-8

FE80 and the

identifier (Switch’s MAC address).

NOTE

The

DNS Server IP Addresses

Setting Description Factory Default

1st DNS Server Specifies the IP address of the DNS server used by your

network. After specifying the DNS server’s IP address, you

can use the Moxa switch’s URL (e.g., www.PT.company.com)

to open the web console instead of entering the IP address.

2nd DNS Server Specifies the IP address of the secondary DNS server used by

your network. The Moxa switch will use the secondary DNS

server if the first DNS server fails to connect.

IPv6 Global Unicast Address Prefix (Prefix Length: 64 bits) Default Gateway

Setting Description Factory Default

Global Unicast Address

Prefix

IPv6 Global Unicast Address

Setting Description Factory Default

None Displays the IPv6 Global Unicast address. The network

The prefix value must be formatted according to the RFC

2373 “IPv6 Addressing Architecture,” using 8 colon-separated

16-bit hexadecimal values. One double colon may be used in

the address to indicate the appropriate number of zeros

required to fill the undefined fields.

portion of the Global Unicast address can be configured by

specifying the Global Unicast Prefix and using an EUI-64

interface ID in the low order 64 bits. The host portion of the

Global Unicast address is automatically generated using the

modified EUI-64 form of the interface identifier (Switch’s MAC

address).

None

IPv6 Link-Local Address

Setting Description Factory Default

None The network portion of the Link-Local address is

IPv6 Neighbor Cache

The IPv6 neighbor cache includes the neighboring node’s IPv6 address, the corresponding Link-Layer

address, and the current state of the entry.

IPv6 feature only works on the PT-G7728.

None

host portion of the Link-Local address is automatically

generated using the modified EUI-64 form of the interface

PT-G7828/G7728 Featured Functions

3-9

NOTE

The user must update t

time (for example a few days). The user must pay particular attention to this

server,

Date and Time

The Moxa switch has a time calibration function based on information from an NTP server or user specified

time and date, allowing functions such as automatic warning emails to include a time and date stamp.

LAN, or Internet connection.

he Current Time and Current Date after powering off the switch for a long period o

when there is no time

System Up Time

Indicates how long the Moxa switch has been up and running since the last cold start.

Current Time

Setting Description Factory Default

User-specified time Indicates time in yyyy-mm-dd format. None

Clock Source

Setting Description Factory Default

Local Configure clock source from local time Local

NTP Configure clock source from NTP

SNTP Configure clock source from SNTP

PTP Configure clock source from PTP

Time Zone

Setting Description Factory Default

Time zone Specifies the time zone, which is used to determine the local

time offset from GMT (Greenwich Mean Time).

GMT (Greenwich

Mean Time)

Daylight Saving Time

The Daylight Saving Time settings are used to automatically set the Moxa switch’s time ahead according to

national standards.

PT-G7828/G7728 Featured Functions

3-10

NOTE

Changing the time zone will automatically correct the current time. Be sure to set the time zone before

setting the time.

Enable/Disable

Enables SNTP/NTP server functionality for clients

Disabled

Start Date

Setting Description Factory Default

User-specified date Specifies the date that Daylight Saving Time begins. None

End Date

Setting Description Factory Default

User-specified date Specifies the date that Daylight Saving Time ends. None

Offset

Setting Description Factory Default

User-specified hour Specifies the number of hours that the time should be set

forward during Daylight Saving Time.

If the NTP or SNTP options are enabled, you will also need to configure the following settings.

None

Time Server IP / Name

Setting Description Factory Default

1st address or name of

IP server

IP address or name of

secondary time server

Query Period The time period to sync with time server 600secs

The IP or domain address (e.g., 192.168.1.1,

time.stdtime.gov.tw, or time.nist.gov).

The Moxa switch will try to locate the secondary SNTP server

if the first SNTP server fails to connect.

None

Enable NTP/SNTP Server

Setting Description Factory Default

NTP Authentication Settings

NTP authentication is used to authenticate the NTP time synchronization packet. When you enable the NTP

authentication, the device synchronizes to a time source/client/peer only if the packet carries the

authentication key. The device will drop the packet that fails the authentication and will not update the local

time.

PT-G7828/G7728 Featured Functions

3-11

Setting Description

Enable NTP authentication The NTP authentication will be enabled if the

checkbox is selected

Authentication Key:

This part indicates the key that can be recognized by this device, and a maximum of 5 keys can be stored in

the device. Users can activate the key by selecting the ‘Trusted’ checkbox.

Setting Description

Key ID Indicate the ID of the key

Range: 1 to 65535,

Maximum of 5 key IDs can be stored

Key String Defines the authentication key

Trusted If selected, the key will be activated

NTP Client Settings

Setting Description

Time Server/Peer Address The time server or peer to sync to the ntp

Authentication Enter the key ID that you want to be used for authentication. The

authentication key that user wants to be used to set the time

NTP/SNTP Server settings

Setting Description

Enable NTP/SNTP Server The device will be the NTP server if the checkbox selected.

IEEE 1588

The following information is taken from the NIST website at http://ieee1588.nist.gov/intro.htm:

“Time measurement can be accomplished using the IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization

Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems (IEEE 1588-2008) to synchronize real-time

clocks incorporated within each component of the electrical power system for power automation

applications.

IEEE 1588, which was published in November 2002, expands the performance capabilities of Ethernet

networks to control systems that operate over a communication network. In recent years an increasing

number of electrical power systems have been using a more distributed architecture with network

technologies that have less stringent timing specifications. IEEE 1588 generates a master-slave relationship

between the clocks, and enforces the specific timing requirements in such power systems. All devices

ultimately get their time from a clock known as the grandmaster clock. In its basic form, the protocol is

intended to be administration free.”

How Does an Ethernet Switch Affect 1588 Synchronization?

The following content is taken from the NIST website at http://ieee1588.nist.gov/switch.htm:

“An Ethernet switch potentially introduces multi-microsecond fluctuations in the latency between the 1588

grandmaster clock and a 1588 slave clock. Uncorrected these fluctuations will cause synchronization errors.

The magnitude of these fluctuations depends on the design of the Ethernet switch and the details of the

communication traffic. Experiments with prototype implementations of IEEE 1588 indicate that with suitable

care the effect of these fluctuations can be successfully managed. For example, use of appropriate statistics

in the 1588 devices to recognize significant fluctuations and use suitable averaging techniques in the

algorithms controlling the correction of the local 1588 clock will be good design means to achieve the

highest time accuracy.”

PT-G7828/G7728 Featured Functions

3-12

NOTE

When using IEEE 1588 PTP, please go to PTP port settings to enable

Can Ethernet switches be designed to avoid the effects of these

fluctuations?

A switch can be designed to support IEEE 1588 while avoiding the effects of queuing. In this case two

modifications to the usual design of an Ethernet switch are necessary:

1. The Boundary Clock and Transparent Clock functionalities defined by IEEE 1588 must be

implemented in the switch.

2. The switch must be configured so that it does not pass IEEE 1588 message traffic using the normal

communication mechanisms of the switch.

Such an Ethernet switch will synchronize clocks directly connected to one of its ports to the highest possible

accuracy.

PTP Settings

Enable IEEE 1588 PTP

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable/Disable Enable or disable the IEEE 1588 PTP feature globally. Disabled

PTP Profile

Setting Description Factory Default

Default Profile Configure as 'PTP default profile' which is defined in IEEE Std

Power Profile Configure as 'PTP power profile' which is defined in IEEE

the PTP feature on each port as well.

Default Profile

1588-2008, Annex J.

C37.238-2011.

PT-G7828/G7728 Featured Functions

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NOTE

Please make sure all PTP devices are configured to the same PTP Delay Mechanism.

Default profile

Global settings

PTP Device Type

Setting Description Factory Default

V2 BC (Boundary

Clock)

V2 TC (Transparent

Clock)

Operates as an IEEE 1588 PTP v2 boundary clock. V2 TC (Transparent

Clock)

Operates as an IEEE 1588 PTP v2 transparent clock.

Clock Mode

Setting Description Factory Default

One-step Configure as a one-step clock. One-step

Two -step Configure as a two-step clock.

PTP Delay Mechanism

Setting Description Factory Default

P2P Configure as the peer-to-peer method. Power profile

E2E Configure as the end-to-end method, which measures the

Clock settings

Sync Interval

Setting Description Factory Default

-3 (128ms), -2

(256ms), -1 (512ms),

0 (1 sec), 1 (2 sec)

P2P

(C37.238) requires the peer-to-peer method.

propagation time between two PTP ports.

Configure synchronization message time interval. 0 (1 sec)

Announce Interval

Setting Description Factory Default

0 (1 sec), 1 (2 sec), 2

(4 sec), 3 (8 sec), 4

(16 sec)

Configure the mean time interval between successive

Announce messages.

1 (2 sec)

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Setting

Description

Factory Default

128 to 255

Reserved

NOTE

The switch and the grandmaster clock must be in the same

to 802.3 as C37.238

NOTE

Please make sure all PTP devices are using the same communication service.

Announce Timeout

Setting Description Factory Default

2 to 10 (times

announce interval)

PDelay-Request Minimum Interval

Configure the number of Announce Interval messages that

were not received, before the master clock changes.

-1 (512ms), 0 (1 sec),

1 (2 sec), 2 (4 sec), 3

(8 sec), 4 (16 sec), 5

(32 sec)

Domain Number

Setting Description Factory Default

0 to 255 A domain defines the scope of communication, state,

Configure the minimum permitted mean time interval

between

successive Pdelay_Req messages of the P2P mode.

operations, data sets, and timescale of the the PTP message.

Value(decimal) Definition

0 Default domain

1 Alternate domain 1

2 Alternate domain 2

3 Alternate domain 3

4 to 127 User-defined domains

0 (1 sec)

Transport Mode

Setting Description Factory Default

802.3 Configure PTP implementations directly using Ethernet

format.

IPv4 Configure PTP implementations using UDP/IPv4 as a

communication service.

PTP domain.

Default Profile:

802.3;

Power Profile: fixed

required

Priority1

Setting Description Factory Default

0 to 255 Lower values take precedence. PTP power profile (C37.238)

defines that value 128 is for grandmaster-capable devices;

Value 255 is only for slave devices.

Priority2

Setting Description Factory Default

0 to 255 Lower values take precedence. PTP power profile (C37.238)

defines that value 128 is for grandmaster-capable device;

Value 255 is only for slave devices.

128

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none of the other clock class definitions apply.

IEEE 1588 PTP defines value 0x21

time unit is SI (International System) seconds.

Clock Class

Setting Description Factory Default

0 to 255 The clock class attribute of an ordinary or boundary clock

denotes the traceability of the time or frequency distributed

by the grandmaster clock. Value 248 is used as default if

Clock Accuracy

Setting Description Factory Default

0x20 to 0x31, 0xFE The clock accuracy indicates the expected accuracy of a clock

when it is the grandmaster.

for time accuracy within 100ns. The value 0xFE is for

unknown.

Timescale Type

Setting Description Factory Default

PTP Under normal operations, the epoch is the PTP epoch. The

UTC Offset Valid

Setting Description Factory Default

FALSE/TRUE In PTP systems whose epoch is the PTP epoch, the value of

UTC offset is the offset between TAI (International Atomic

Time) and UTC (Coordinated Universal Time). The value of

the UTC offset is TRUE if the UTC offset is known to be

correct; otherwise, it is FALSE.

248

0x21 (100 ns)

PTP

FALSE

UTC Offset

Setting Description Factory Default

0 to 65535 seconds The offset between the UTC clock and TAI is 37 seconds @

Jan, 2017

Power Profile

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NOTE

When enabl

settings’

Global settings

VLAN ID

Setting Description Factory Default

0 to 4094 Only available in Power Profile mode. The reserved value 0

indicates that only the priority tag in 802.1Q is considered.

This value should be match to VLAN rules where the enabled

PTP feature applies to the whole system. Please also take

note of the VLAN setting of the device.

Class of Service

Setting Description Factory Default

0 to 7 Only available in Power Profile mode. Configure as an 802.1p

priority tag. Lower values take precedence.

Grandmaster ID

Setting Description Factory Default

0 to 255 Only available in Power Profile mode. Configure grandmaster

ID to identify the grandmaster clock source.

255

Check Announce TLV

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable/Disable Only available in Power Profile mode. When the profile type is

PTP Port Settings

Enabled

Power profile, the switch will not handle the PTP announce

messages which do not include length and value (TLV)

extensions: Organization_extension and Alternate_timescale.

Configure 'Check announce TLV' to enable or disable

announce TLV checking.

ing the PTP feature on each port, please also enable the ‘Enable IEEE 1588 PTP’ on ‘PTP

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PTP Port settings

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable/Disable PTP port status:

•PTP_INITIALIZING: PTP port is initializing. No PTP

messages on its communication path.

•PTP_MASTER: The port is the source of time on the path

served by the port.

•PTP_DISABLED: A port in this state will not handle any PTP

received messages except for management messages.

•PTP_PASSIVE: The port is not the master on the path nor

does it synchronize to a master.

•PTP_LISTENING: The port is waiting for the announce

timeout interval to expire or to receive an Announce message

from a master.

•PTP_SLAVE: The port is synchronizing to the selected PTP

master port.

PTP disabled

PTP Status

Indicates the current IEEE 1588 PTP status.

Warning Notification

Since industrial Ethernet devices are often located at the endpoints of a system, these devices will not

always know what is happening elsewhere on the network. This means that an industrial Ethernet switch

that connects to these devices must provide system maintainers with real-time alarm messages. Even when

control engineers are out of the control room for an extended period of time, they can still be informed of

the status of devices almost instantaneously when exceptions occur. The Moxa switch supports different

approaches to warn engineers automatically, such as email, trap, syslog and relay output. It also supports

two digital inputs to integrate sensors into your system to automate alarms by email and relay output.

System Event Settings

System Events are related to the overall function of the switch. Each event can be activated independently

with different warning approaches. The Administrator can decide the severity of each system event.

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• If the MSTP topology has changed

System Events Description

Cold Start Power is cut off and then reconnected.

Warm Start The Moxa switch is rebooted, such as when network parameters are

changed (IP address, subnet mask, etc.).

Configuration Change Any configuration item has been changed.

Power Transition (OnOff)

Power Transition (OffOn)

TACACS+ Auth. Success The account is authorized by a TACACS+ server

TACACS Auth. Fail Incorrect authentication details were entered

RADIUS Auth. Success The account is authorized by a RADIUS server

RADIUS Authentication Fail Incorrect authentication details were entered

Password Change User changes the account password

Topology Changed • If the Master of the Turbo Ring has changed or the backup path is

The Moxa switch is powered down.

The Moxa switch is powered up.

activated

• If the Turbo Ring path is disconnected

Coupling Changed Backup path is activated

Master Changed Master of the Turbo Ring has changed

Master Mismatch When the duplicate master (two or more) or non-master is set up, if

RSTP Root Changed If the RSTP root has changed

RSTP Topo. Changed If any Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol switches have changed their

Turbo Ring Break Turbo Ring path is disconnected

ABC-02 Status Detects if the ABC-02-USB-T is connected or disconnected to the

Rate Limited On (Disable Port) When the port is disabled due to the ingress throughput exceeding the

Rate Limited Off (Disable Port) The port disable function is off because it exceeds the traffic duration

Port Looping Port looping event is triggered

any Turbo Ring path/switch fails, the duplicate master switches will

automatically renegotiate to determine a new master.

position (applies only to the root of the tree)

switch when the ABC-02-USB-T automatically imports/exports/backs-

up the configuration

configured rate limit.

or the user changes “Port Disable” mode to “Drop Packet” mode.

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Critical

Critical conditions

System Events Description

LLDP Table Change Nearly connected devices are changed and shown in the LLDP table

Account Info Changed The account information has been changed

Configuration is Imported When the configuration is successfully imported

SSL Certification is Imported When SSL Certification is successfully imported

Fiber Check Warning If the corresponding value of the fiber port status exceeds the

threshold defined by the Fiber Check function

MAC Sticky Violation Port Disable Any port with MAC sticky function is disabled because of a rule

violation

Port module inserted The module is inserted to the system

Port module removed The module is removed from the system

Port module unrecognized The module inserted is not recognized by the system

Dual image fail One of the image has failed

Tracking Status Changed The tracking status has changed

Port Enable Tracking Changed The tracking status has changed and reacts on Port Enable

Static Route Tracking Changed The tracking status has changed and reacts on Static Route

VRRP Tracking Changed The tracking status has changed and reacts on VRRP priority

EPS Off->On The external power supply for PoE is on

EPS On->Off The external power supply for PoE is off

GOOSE Check Event The GOOSE check status has changed

Dying Gasp When power input of power module is lower the system uptime

threshold the dying gasp function will be activated. This event will only

activate before the whole system powers off.

Four response actions are available when events are triggered.

Action Description

Trap A notification will be sent to the trap server when an event is triggered.

E-Mail A notification will be sent to the email server defined in the Email Setting.

Syslog A notification will be sent to the syslog server defined in Syslog Server Setting.

Relay Supports digital inputs to integrate sensors. When an event is triggered, the device will

automate alarms through the relay output.

Severity

Severity Description

Emergency System is unusable

Alert Action must be taken immediately

Error Error conditions

Warning Warning conditions

Notice Normal but significant condition

Information Informational messages

Debug Debug-level messages

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Alert

Action must be taken immediately

NOTE

The Traffic

you Enable the Traffic

well as a Traffic

Port Event Settings

Port Events are related to the activity of a specific port.

Port Events Warning e-mail is sent when…

Link-ON The port is connected to another device.

Link-OFF The port is disconnected (e.g., the cable is pulled out, or the opposing

device shuts down).

Traffic-Overload The port’s traffic surpasses the Traffic-Threshold for that port (provided

this item is Enabled).

Traffic-Threshold (%) Enter a nonzero number if the port’s Traffic-Overload item is Enabled.

Traffic-Duration (sec.) A Traffic-Overload warning is sent every Traffic-Duration seconds if the

average Traffic-Threshold is surpassed during that time period.

Four response actions are available on the EDS E series when events are triggered.

Action Description

Trap A notification will be sent to the trap server when an event is triggered.

E-Mail A notification will be sent to the email server defined in the Email Setting.

Syslog A notification will be sent to the syslog server defined in Syslog Server Setting.

Relay Supports digital inputs to integrate sensors. When an event is triggered, the device will

automate alarms through the relay output.

Severity

Severity Description

Emergency System is unusable

Critical Critical conditions

Error Error conditions

Warning Warning conditions

Notice Normal but significant condition

Information Informational messages

Debug Debug-level messages

-Overload, Traffic-Threshold (%), and Traffic-Duration (sec.) Port Event items are related. If

-Overload event, then be sure to enter a nonzero Traffic-Threshold percentage, as

-Duration between 1 and 300 seconds.

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Event Log Settings

This function is used to inform the user what the event log capacity status is and decide what action to take

when an event log is oversized. Select the Enable Log Capacity Warning checkbox to set the threshold

percentage. When the event log capacity is over the percentage, the switch will send a warning message by

SNMP Trap or Email.

Event Log Oversize Action

Setting Description Factory Default

Overwrite The Oldest

Event Log

Stop Recording Event

Log

The oldest event log will be overwritten when the event log

exceeds 1000 records.

Additional events will not be recorded when the event log

exceeds 1000 records.

Overwrite The

Oldest Event Log

Email Settings

Mail Server

Setting Description Factory Default

IP address or url The IP Address or url of the email server. None

TCP Port

Setting Description Factory Default

TCP Port number The TCP port number of your email server. 25

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Yes/No

Enables TLS(Transport Layer Security)

NOTE

Auto w

mail messages will be sent through an authentication protected SMTP server that supports

the CRAM

authentication mechanism.

We strongly recommend not entering your Acc

messages can be delivered without using an authentication mechanism.

User Name

Setting Description Factory Default

Max. of 45 characters Your email account name None

Password Setting

Setting Description Factory Default

Password The email account password. None

Email Address

Setting Description Factory Default

Max. of 30 characters You can set up to 4 email addresses to receive alarm emails

from the Moxa switch.

Sender Address

Setting Description Factory Default

Max. 30 characters Sender Email Address admin@localhost

User TLS

Setting Description Factory Default

SMTP Server Auth Method

Setting Description Factory Default

Plain/Login/ CRAM-

MD5

choose an authentication mechanism, PLAIN, LOGIN, and

CRAM-MD5, to login SMTP Server

None

Plain

Sending a Test Email

After you complete the email settings, you should first click Apply to activate those settings, and then press

the Test button to verify that the settings are correct.

arning e-

-MD5, LOGIN, and PAIN methods of SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer)

ount Name and Account Password if auto warning e-mail

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NOTE

The following events will be recorded into the Moxa switch’s Event Log table, and will then be

specified Syslog Server:

•

Syslog Server Settings

The Syslog function provides the event logs for the syslog server. The function supports 3 configurable

syslog servers and syslog server UDP port numbers. When an event occurs, the event will be sent as a

syslog UDP packet to the specified syslog servers. Each Syslog server can be activated separately by

checking the appropriate checkbox to enable it.

Syslog Server 1/2/3

Setting Description Factory Default

IP Address Enter the IP address of Syslog server 1/2/3, used by your

network.

Port Destination

(1 to 65535)

Cold start

Warm start

Configuration change activated

Power 1 or 2 transition: Off to On or On to Off

Authentication fail

Password change

Redundancy protocol/topology change

Master setting mismatch

ABC-02 status

Web log in

Rate Limit on/off(Disable port)

Port looping

Port traffic overload

dot1x Auth Fail

Port link off/on

Enter the UDP port of Syslog server 1/2/3. 514

None

sent to the

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Relay Warning Status

When a relay warning is triggered by either the system or port events, the administrator can turn off the

hardware warning buzzer by clicking the Apply button. The event will still be recorded in the event list.

MAC Address Table

The MAC address table shows the MAC address list passed through the Moxa switch. The Aging Time (15 to

3825 seconds) defines the length of time that a MAC address entry can remain in the Moxa switch. When an

entry reaches its aging time, it “ages out” and is purged from the switch, effectively cancelling frame

forwarding to that specific port.

The MAC Address table can be configured to display the following Moxa switch MAC address groups, which

are selected from the drop-down list.

Drop Down List

ALL Select this item to show all of the Moxa switch’s MAC addresses.

ALL Learned Select this item to show all of the Moxa switch’s Learned MAC addresses.

ALL Static Select this item to show all of the Moxa switch’s Static, Static Lock, and Static

Multicast MAC addresses.

ALL Multicast Select this item to show all of the Moxa switch’s Static Multicast MAC addresses.

Port x Select this item to show all of the MAC address’s dedicated ports.

The table displays the following information:

MAC This field shows the MAC address.

Type This field shows the type of this MAC address.

Port This field shows the port that this MAC address belongs to.

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System Files

Firmware Upgrade

There are three ways to update your Moxa switch’s firmware: from a local *.rom file, by remote TFTP

server, and with Auto Backup Configurator (ABC-02).

Local

1. Download the updated firmware (*.rom) file from Moxa’s website (www.moxa.com).

2. Browse for the (*.rom) file, and then click the Upgrade button

TFTP Server

1. Enter the TFTP Server’s IP address.

2. Input the firmware file name (*.rom) and click the Upgrade button.

Auto Backup Configurator (ABC-02)

1. Download the updated firmware (*.rom) file from Moxa’s website (www.moxa.com).

2. Save the file to the ABC-02’s Moxa folder. The file name cannot be longer than 8 characters, and the file

extension must be .rom.

3. Browse for the firmware (*.rom) file from the ABC-02, and then click the Upgrade button.

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NOTE

MAC.ini is named using the last 6 digits of the switch’s MAC address, without spaces.

Configuration Backup and Restore

There are three ways to back up and restore your Moxa switch’s configuration: from a local configuration

file, by remote TFTP server, and with Auto Backup Configurator (ABC-02).

Local

1. Click the Backup button to back up the configuration file to a local drive.

2. Browse for a configuration on a local disk, and then click the Restore button.

TFTP Server

1. Enter the TFTP Server’s IP address.

2. Input the backup/restore file name (supports up to 54 characters, including the .ini file extension) and

then click the Backup/Restore button.

Auto Backup Configurator (ABC-02)

1. Click Backup to save the configuration file to the ABC-02. The file will be saved in the ABC-02’s Moxa

folder as a *.ini file (e.g., Sys.ini).

Note that two files will be saved to the ABC-02-USB’s Moxa folder: Sys.ini and MAC.ini. The purpose of

saving the two files is to identify which file will be used when Auto load configuration from ABC to

system when boot up is activated.

2. Click Browse to select the configuration file, and then click Restore to start loading the configuration

into your switch.

3. Configuration File Encryption Setting

Select the Configuration File Encryption Setting checkbox, input the password, and then click Apply.

4. Auto load configuration from ABC to system when boot up

Select the Auto load configuration from ABC to system when boot up checkbox and then click

Apply. Note that this function is enabled by default.

Power off your switch first, and then plug in the ABC-02. When you power on your switch, the system

will detect the configuration file on the ABC-02 automatically. The switch will recognize the file name,

with the following sequence priority:

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NOTE

MAC.ini is named using the last 6 digits of the switch’s MAC address, without spaces.

NOTE

MM=month, DD=day, HH=hour, mm=minutes, from the system time.

First priority: MAC.ini

Second priority: Sys.ini

If no matching configuration file is found, the fault LED light will turn on, and the switch will boot up

normally.

5. Auto backup to ABC-02 when configuration changes

Select the Auto backup to ABC-02 when configuration change checkbox and then click Apply. This

function is disabled by default.

The ABC-02 is capable of backing up switch configuration files automatically. While the ABC-02 is

plugged into the switch, enable the Auto backup to ABC-02 when configuration change option, and

then click Apply. Once this configuration is modified, the switch will back up the current configuration to

the /His_ini folder on the ABC-02. The file name will be the system date/time (MMDDHHmm.ini).

Log File Backup

There are three ways to back up Moxa switch’s log files: from a local drive, by remote TFTP server, or with

Auto Backup Configurator (ABC-02).

Local

Click the Backup button to back up the log file to a local drive.

TFTP Server

Enter the TFTP Server’s IP address and file name and then click the Backup button.

Auto Backup Configurator (ABC-02)

Click Backup to save the configuration file to the ABC-02. The file will be saved in the ABC-02’s Moxa

folder with filename Sys.ini.

Auto backup of event log to prevent overwrite

This function is designed to maintain a long-term record of the switch’s log files. Moxa Ethernet switches are

capable of saving 1000 event log entries. When the 1000-entry storage limit is reached, the switch will

delete the oldest saved event log. The ABC-02 can be used to back up these event logs. When the number

of switch log entries reaches 1000, the ABC-02 will save the oldest 100 entries from the switch.

Enable the Auto backup of event log to prevent overwrite, and then click Apply. After that, when the

ABC-02 is plugged into the switch, the event logs will always be saved to the ABC-02 automatically when

the number of switch log entries reaches 1000. Each backup action saves the oldest 100 logs to the ABC-02

in one file, with the filename generated by the current system time as MMDDHHmm.ini. The file is saved

to the His_log folder.

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NOTE

Note: MM=month, DD=day, HH=hour, mm=minutes, from

NOTE

DO NOT remove the ABC

NOTE

After restoring the factory default configuration, you will need to use the default network settings to re

establish the web or Telnet console connection with the Moxa switch.

The log file includes the following information:

Index An event index assigned to identify the event sequence.

Bootup

Number

Date The date is updated based on how the current date is set on the System Settings page.

Time The time is updated based on how the current time is set on the System Settings page.

System

Startup Time

Event Events that have occurred.

Switch Reset Button

The Moxa switch reset button can be used to perform two functions: quickly reset the switch’s configuration

and save the current configuration and log files to the ABC-02. Please refer to the QIG for how to use the

ABC-02.

Restart

the system time.

This field shows how many times the Moxa switch has been rebooted or cold started.

The system startup time related to this event.

-02 when performing an upgrade, backup, or restore.

The Restart function provides users with a quick way to restart the switch’s operating system.

Factory Default

The Factory Default function provides users with a quick way of restoring the Moxa switch’s configuration

to factory defaults. The function can be activated from the USB serial interface, via Telnet, through the web-

based console, or with the hardware reset button.

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PoE (PoE Models Only)

Power over Ethernet has become increasingly popular, due in large part to the reliability provided by PoE

Ethernet switches that supply the power to Powered Devices (PD) when AC power is not available, or is too

expensive to provide locally.

Power over Ethernet can be used with the following types of devices:

• Surveillance cameras

• Security I/O sensors

• Industrial wireless access points

• Emergency IP phones

In fact, it’s not uncommon for video, voice, and high-rate industrial application data transfers to be

integrated onto one network. Moxa’s PoE switches are equipped with many advanced PoE management

functions, providing vital security systems with a convenient and reliable Ethernet network. Moreover,

Moxa’s advanced PoE switches support the high power PoE+ standard, a 24 VDC direct power input, and 20

ms fast recovery redundancy with Turbo Ring and Turbo Chain.

PoE Settings

The PoE settings interface gives users control over the system’s PoE power output, PoE power threshold,

PoE port configuration, and PD failure check. The PoE settings page is divided into three parts: PoE System

Configuration, PoE Port Configuration, and PoE Device Failure Check. Each part is discussed

separately below.

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NOTE

The configuration is different, depending on wh

“Allocated Power” or “Measured Power.”

PoE System Configuration

ether the “PoE power output managed by” item is set to

PoE Power Management by Allocated Power

PoE Power Management by Measured Power

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power to the device with the lowest priority.

PoE System Configuration Settings

PoE Power Output

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable Enables PoE power transmission to a PD Enable

Disable Disables PoE power transmission to a PD

PoE power management Mode

Setting Description Factory Default

Allocated Power If a powered device is connected that would cause the total

amount of power needed by all connected devices to exceed

the total allocated power limit, the switch will not power up

the device.

Disable

Measured Power If a powered device is connected that would cause the total

amount of power needed by all connected devices to exceed

the total measured power limit, the switch with will deny

Deny next port when exceed

This setting only appears when “PoE power output management mode” is set to “Allocated Power.”

Setting Description Factory Default

wattage Assigns the “Total allocated power” limit for all PoE ports

combined.

Deny low priority port when exceed

This setting only appears when “PoE power output managed by” is set to “Measured Power.”

Setting Description Factory Default

wattage Assigns the “Total measured power” limit for all PoE ports

combined.

Enable

720 W

PoE Port Configuration

Power

Setting Description Factory Default

Checked Allows data and power to be transmitted through the port. Checked

Unchecked Immediately shuts off power to that port

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PD. The acceptable PD

Checked

Enables legacy PD detection

Output Mode

Setting Description Factory Default

802.3 af/at Auto Power transmission follows the IEEE 802.3 af/at protocols.

The acceptable PD resistance range is 17 kΩ to 29 kΩ.

High Power Provides a higher power output to the

resistance range is 17 kΩ to 29 kΩ, and the power allocation

of the port is automatically set to 36 W.

Force Provides power output to non-802.3 af/at PDs. The

acceptable PD resistance range is over 2.4 kΩ, and the

range of power allocation is 0 to 36 W.

Power Allocation

Setting Description Factory Default

0 to 36 When the Output Mode is set to Force, the Power Allocation

can be set from 0 to 36 W.

Legacy PD Detection

The PoE Ethernet Switch provides a Legacy PD Detection function. When the capacitance of the PD is

higher than 2.7 μF, checking the Legacy PD Detection checkbox enables the system to output power to

the PD. In this case, it will take 10 to 15 seconds for PoE power to be output through this port after the

switch is turned on.

802.3 af/at Auto

Setting Description Factory Default

Unchecked Disables legacy PD detection

Power Priority

Use Power Priority when managing PoE power with measured power mode. The smaller the number, the

higher the priority. You may set the same priority for different PoE ports, but if you configure two ports with

the same priority, then the port with the lower port number has the higher priority. The setting can range

from 1 up to the total number of ports. When the PoE measured power exceeds the assigned limit, the

switch will disable the PoE port with the lowest priority.

Setting Description Factory Default

1 to “number of PoE

ports”

The smaller the number, the higher the PoE port priority.

When the PoE measured power exceeds the assigned limit,

the switch will disable the PoE port with the lowest priority.

Unchecked

The PoE port index

number

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5 to 300

Enter maximum time allowed for each IP checking cycle.

PoE Device Failure Check

The PoE Ethernet switch can monitor the status of a PD via its IP address. If the PD fails, the switch will not

receive a PD response after the defined period, and the authentication process will be restarted. This

function is extremely useful for ensuring your network’s reliability and reducing your management burden.

Enable

Setting Description Factory Default

Checked Enables the PD Failure Check function Unchecked

Unchecked Disables the PD Failure Check function

PoE Device IP Address

Setting Description Factory Default

Max. 15 Characters Enter the PD’s IP address None

No Response Timeout

Setting Description Factory Default

1 to 10 The maximum number of IP checking cycles. 3

Check Period

Setting Description Factory Default

No Response Action

Setting Description Factory Default

No Action The PSE has no action on the PD No Action

Reboot PD The PSE reboots the PD after the PD Failure Check

Power Off PD The PSE powers off the PD after the PD Failure Check

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Powered devices usually do not need to be running 24

hours a day, 7 days a week.

provides a PoE timetabling mechanism t

economize the system

flexible working schedule for

check marked.

PoE Timetabling

The PoE Ethernet switch

hat lets users

’s power burden by setting a

each PoE port.

Port

Setting Description Factory Default

Port Select which port you would like to configure. The first port of the

first PoE module

Enable

Setting Description Factory Default

Checked Enables the PoE function of the port for the defined time

period.

Unchecked Enables the PoE function of the port all the time.

MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN

Setting Description Factory Default

Checked Select those days on which you would like the port to be

enabled (you will then be able to modify the StartTime and

EndTime)

Unchecked The port will not provide PoE power on days that are not

Start/End Time

Setting Description Factory Default

Configured time

period

Enter the hour of the day the configuration will be enabled,

and the hour of the day the configuration will be disabled.

PoE Warning Event Settings

Since industrial Ethernet devices are often located at the endpoints of a system, these devices do not

always know what is happening elsewhere on the network. This means that a PoE port connected to a PD

must provide system administrators with real-time alarm messages. Even when control engineers are out of

the control room for an extended period of time, they can still be informed of the status of the PD almost

instantaneously when exceptions occur. The PoE Ethernet switch supports different methods for warning

engineers automatically, including SNMP trap, email, and relay output. It also supports two digital inputs to

integrate sensors into your system to automate alarms using email and relay output. The PoE warning event

settings are on the System Event Settings page.

Unchecked

Disable

0 to 24

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the temperature under 75°C, contact Moxa for technical support.

Warning Type

Action Description

Trap A notification will be sent to the trap server when an event is

triggered.

E-Mail A notification will be sent to the email server defined in Email

Settings.

Syslog Record a syslog to a syslog server defined in Syslog Server

Settings.

Relay1/2 Supports digital inputs to integrate sensors. When an event is

triggered, the device will automatically activate an alarm through

the relay output.

Event Type

Port Events Description

PoE PD on Power is being output to the PD.

PoE PD off The PoE power output is cut off.

PoE over current When the current of the port exceeds the following limits:

802.3 af: 350 mA

802.3 at: 600 mA

High Power: 720 mA

Force: 600 mA

PoE PD Failure Check When the switch does not receive a PD response after the

defined period.

Over Measured Power Limitation When the total PD power consumption exceeds the total

measured power limit.

PoE FETBad When the MOSFET of the port is out of order (please contact

Moxa for technical service)

PoE over Temperature Check the temperature of the environment. If you cannot keep

PoE VEE Uvlo - VEE (PoE input voltage)

under Voltage Lockout

Over Allocated Power Limitation When the total PD power consumption exceeds the total

The voltage of the power supply has dropped below 44 VDC.

Adjust the voltage to between 46 and 57 VDC to eliminate this

issue.

allocated power.

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PoE Diagnose

PoE Diagnose helps users determine the PD conditions. The system provides the user with configuration

options; select the best option for your PDs. Take the following steps to diagnose PD conditions:

Step 1: Check which port numbers will be diagnosed.

Step 2: Click Activate.

Step 3: The system will show the selected PD conditions.

Diagnose Configuration

Device Type

Item Description

Not Present No connection to the port

NIC A NIC is connected to the port

IEEE 802.3af An IEEE 802.3af PD is connected to the port

IEEE 802.3 at An IEEE 802.3at PD is connected to the port

Legacy PoE Device A legacy PD is connected to the port, and the PD’s detected voltage is too high or

low, or the PD’s detected capacitance is too high.

Unknown Unknown PD connected to the port

Classification

Item Description

N/A The port is not classified

0 to 4 Class 0 to 4

Unknown Unknown class for the port; in this case it will usually be higher than class 4

Voltage (V)

Item Description

N/A No voltage output on the port

Voltage Display the voltage of the port

PoE Port Configuration Suggestion

Item Description

Disable PoE power output When detecting a NIC or unknown PD, the system suggests disabling PoE

power output.

Enable “Legacy PD Detection” When detecting a higher capacitance of PD, the system suggests enabling

Legacy PD Detection.

Select Force Mode When detecting higher/lower resistance or higher capacitance, the system

suggests selecting Force Mode.

Select IEEE 802.3af/at auto

mode

When detecting an IEEE 802.3 af/at PD, the system suggests selecting

802.3 af/at Auto mode.

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Setting

Description

Factory Default

Not Present

No connection to the port. PoE power is not being provided.

Item Description

Select high power output When detecting an unknown classification, the system suggests selecting

High Power output.

Raise the external power

supply voltage to greater than

46 VDC

Enable PoE function for

detection

When the external supply voltage is detected at under 46 V, the system

suggests raising the voltage.

The system suggests enabling the PoE function.

PoE Port Status

Monitoring Configuration

Refresh Rate

5 to 300 The period of time for the system to refresh the PoE Port

Status (in seconds)

Port Status

Status Description

Item Description

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Status

Indicates if the PoE function is enabled or disabled.

Item Description

Powered PoE power is being provided by the PSE.

NIC System has detected a NIC connected to the port. PoE power is not being provided.

Disabled The PoE function of the port is disabled. PoE power is not being provided.

Fault In Force mode; the system has detected an out-of-range PD.

Legacy Powered In Force mode; the system has detected a legacy PD.

Potential Legacy PD In 802.3af/at or High Power mode; the system has detected a potential legacy PD.

PoE power is not being provided.

Port Description

Item Description

Power Output Indicates the power output of each PoE port.

Class Indicates the classification of each PoE port.

Current (mA) Indicates the actual current consumed by each PoE port.

Voltage (V) Indicates the actual voltage consumed by each PoE port.

Consumption (Watts) Indicates the actual Power consumed by each PoE port.

PD Failure Check Status Indicates the PD Failure Check status of each PoE port.

Alive: The system receives a response from all pings to the PD.

Not Alive: The system receives no response from pings to the PD.

Disabled: The PD Failure Check function is not activated.

PoE System Status

Monitoring Configuration

Refresh Rate

Setting Description Factory Default

5 to 300 If the Refresh Rate = T, then the PoE Port Status will be

refreshed every T seconds.

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System Power Status

System Power Status shows a graph of Sum of measured power, Sum of allocated power, and Max of

allocated power. “Sum of measured power” (in green) shows the total measured power of all PDs, “Sum

of allocated power” (in blue) shows the total allocated power, and “Max of allocated power” (in red) shows

the threshold of total PoE power output. The graphs show Current (mA) versus Sec. (second), and are

refreshed at the configured Refresh Rate.

Patent http://www.moxa.com/doc/operations/Moxa_Patent_Marking.pdf

VLAN

Setting up Virtual LANs (VLANs) on your Moxa switch increases the efficiency of your network by dividing

the LAN into logical segments, as opposed to physical segments. In general, VLANs are easier to manage.

The Virtual LAN (VLAN) Concept

What is a VLAN?

A VLAN is a group of devices that can be located anywhere on a network, but which communicate as if they

are on the same physical segment. With VLANs, you can segment your network without being restricted by

physical connections—a limitation of traditional network design. With VLANs you can segment your network

into:

• Departmental groups—You could have one VLAN for the marketing department, another for the

finance department, and another for the product development department.

• Hierarchical groups—You could have one VLAN for directors, another for managers, and another for

general staff.

• Usage groups—You could have one VLAN for email users and another for multimedia users.

Switch A

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Backbone connects multiple switches

Switch B

Department 1 VLAN 1

Department 2 VLAN 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Department 3 VLAN 3

Benefits of VLANs

The main benefit of VLANs is that they provide a network segmentation system that is far more flexible than

traditional networks. Using VLANs also provides you with three other benefits:

• VLANs ease the relocation of devices on networks: With traditional networks, network

administrators spend much of their time dealing with moves and changes. If users move to a different

subnetwork, the addresses of each host must be updated manually. With a VLAN setup, if a host

originally on the Marketing VLAN, is moved to a port on another part of the network, and retains its

original subnet membership, you only need to specify that the new port is on the Marketing VLAN. You

do not need to do any re-cabling.

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• VLANs provide extra security: Devices within each VLAN can only communicate with other devices on

the same VLAN. If a device on the Marketing VLAN needs to communicate with devices on the Finance

VLAN, the traffic must pass through a routing device or Layer 3 switch.

• VLANs help control traffic: With traditional networks, congestion can be caused by broadcast traffic

that is directed to all network devices, regardless of whether or not they need it. VLANs increase the

efficiency of your network because each VLAN can be set up to contain only those devices that need to

communicate with each other.

VLANs and the Rackmount switch

Your Moxa switch provides support for VLANs using IEEE Std 802.1Q-1998. This standard allows traffic from

multiple VLANs to be carried across one physical link. The IEEE Std 802.1Q-1998 standard allows each port

on your Moxa switch to be placed as follows:

• On a single VLAN defined in the Moxa switch

• On several VLANs simultaneously using 802.1Q tagging

The standard requires that you define the 802.1Q VLAN ID for each VLAN on your Moxa switch before the

switch can use it to forward traffic:

Managing a VLAN

A new or initialized Moxa switch contains a single VLAN—the Default VLAN. This VLAN has the following

definition:

• VLAN Name—Management VLAN

• 802.1Q VLAN ID—1 (if tagging is required)

All the ports are initially placed on this VLAN, and it is the only VLAN that allows you to access the

management software of the Moxa switch over the network.

Communication Between VLANs

If devices connected to a VLAN need to communicate with devices on a different VLAN, a router or Layer 3

switching device with connections to both VLANs needs to be installed. Communication between VLANs can

only take place if they are all connected to a routing or Layer 3 switching device.

VLANs: Tagged and Untagged Membership

The Moxa switch supports 802.1Q VLAN tagging, a system that allows traffic for multiple VLANs to be

carried on a single physical link (backbone, trunk). When setting up VLANs you need to understand when to

use untagged or tagged membership of VLANs. Simply put, if a port is on a single VLAN it can be an

untagged member, but if the port needs to be a member of multiple VLANs, a tagged membership must be

defined.

A typical host (e.g., clients) will be an untagged member of one VLAN, defined as an Access Port in a Moxa

switch, while an inter-switch connection will be a tagged member of all VLANs, defined as a Trunk Port in a

Moxa switch.

The IEEE Std 802.1Q-1998 defines how VLANs operate within an open packet-switched network. An 802.1Q

compliant packet carries additional information that allows a switch to determine which VLAN the port

belongs to. If a frame is carrying the additional information, it is known as a tagged frame.

To carry multiple VLANs across a single physical link (backbone, trunk), each packet must be tagged with a

VLAN identifier so that the switches can identify which packets belong in which VLAN. To communicate

between VLANs, a router must be used.

The Moxa switch supports three types of VLAN port settings:

• Access Port: The port connects to a single device that is not tagged. The user must define the default

port PVID that assigns which VLAN the device belongs to. Once the ingress packet of this Access Port

egresses to another Trunk Port (the port needs all packets to carry tag information), the Moxa switch will

insert this PVID into this packet so the next 802.1Q VLAN switch can recognize it.

• Trunk Port: The port connects to a LAN that consists of untagged devices, tagged devices, and/or

switches and hubs. In general, the traffic of the Trunk Port must have a Tag. Users can also assign a

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PVID to a Trunk Port. The untagged packet on the Trunk Port will be assigned the default port PVID as

its VID.

• Hybrid Port: The port is similar to a Trunk port, except users can explicitly assign tags to be removed

from egress packets.

The following section illustrates how to use these ports to set up different applications.

Sample Applications of VLANs Using Moxa Switches

In this application:

• Port 1 connects a single untagged device and assigns it to VLAN 5; it should be configured as an Access

Port with PVID 5.

• Port 2 connects a LAN with two untagged devices belonging to VLAN 2. One tagged device with VID 3

and one tagged device with VID 4. It should be configured as a Hybrid Port with PVID 2 for untagged

device and Fixed VLAN (Tagged) with 3 and 4 for tagged device. Since each port can only have one

unique PVID, all untagged devices on the same port must belong to the same VLAN.

• Port 3 connects with another switch. It should be configured as a Trunk Port. GVRP protocol will be

used through the Trunk Port.

• Port 4 connects a single untagged device and assigns it to VLAN 2; it should be configured as an Access

Port with PVID 2.

• Port 5 connects a single untagged device and assigns it to VLAN 3; it should be configured as an Access

Port with PVID 3.

• Port 6 connect a single untagged device and assigns it to VLAN 5; it should be configured as an Access

Port with PVID 5.

• Port 7 connects a single untagged device and assigns it to VLAN 4; it should be configured as an Access

Port with PVID 4.

After the application is properly configured:

• Packets from Device A will travel through Trunk Port 3 with tagged VID 5. Switch B will recognize its

VLAN, pass it to port 6, and then remove tags received successfully by Device G, and vice versa.

• Packets from Devices B and C will travel through Hybrid Port 2 with tagged VID 2. Switch B recognizes

its VLAN, passes it to port 4, and then removes tags received successfully by Device F, and vice versa.

• Packets from Device D will travel through Trunk Port 3 with tagged VID 3. Switch B will recognize its

VLAN, pass to port 5, and then remove tags received successfully by Device H. Packets from Device H

will travel through Trunk Port 3 with PVID 3. Switch A will recognize its VLAN and pass it to port 2, but

will not remove tags received successfully by Device D.

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• Packets from Device E will travel through Trunk Port 3 with tagged VID 4. Switch B will recognize its

VLAN, pass it to port 7, and then remove tags received successfully by Device I. Packets from Device I

will travel through Trunk Port 3 with tagged VID 4. Switch A will recognize its VLAN and pass it to port

2, but will not remove tags received successfully by Device E.

Configuring a Virtual LAN

To configure 802.1Q VLAN and port-based VLANs on the Moxa switch, use the VLAN Settings page to

configure the ports for either an 802.1Q VLAN or Port-based VLAN.

VLAN Mode

Setting Description Factory Default

802.1Q VLAN Sets VLAN mode to 802.1Q VLAN 802.1Q VLAN

Port-based VLAN Sets VLAN mode to Port-based VLAN

VLAN Settings: 802.1Q

When VLAN Mode is set to 802.1Q VLAN, the configuration options will be divided into the Quick Setting

Panel and VLAN ID Configuration Table. The Quick Setting Panel is generally used to configure VLAN

settings for groups of ports, with the settings pushed down to the VLAN ID Configuration Panel when the

user clicks the Add button. The VLAN ID Configuration Table can be used to configure the settings for

individual ports.

Quick Setting Panel

Administrators can use the Quick Setting Panel to quickly configure VLAN settings for single ports or

groups of ports. To configure a group of ports, type the port names in the Port column, separated commas

(,) for individual port names, or colons (:) to indicate a range of ports. For example, typing “G1,G3” applies

the settings to ports G1 and G3, whereas typing “G1:G3” applies the settings to ports G1, G2, and G3.

Next, if necessary configure Type, PVID, Tagged VLAN, Untagged VLAN, and Forbidden VLAN, and

then click the Add button to move the settings down to the table at the bottom of the window.

VLAN ID Configuration Table

Enable GVRP

Setting Description Factory Default

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Remove the

ATTENTION

For communication redundancy in the

Coupling Control Port

port and tags that need to be removed in egress packets. Use

NOTE

The

Checked/Unchecked Check the checkbox to enable the GVRP function.

checkmark to disable the GVRP function.

Management VLAN ID

Setting Description Factory Default

1 to 4094 Assigns the VLAN ID to this Moxa switch. 1

Note: Some of the following settings can be modified in the Quick Setting Panel.

Port

Setting Description Factory Default

Port name Read only N/A

Type

Setting Description Factory Default

Access When this port is connected to a single device, without tags. Access

Trunk When this port is connected to another 802.1Q VLAN aware

switch.

Hybrid When this port is connected to another Access 802.1Q VLAN

aware switch or another LAN that combines tagged and/or

untagged devices and/or other switches/hubs.

Checked

om different VLANs to different Moxa switch units.

PVID

Setting Description Factory Default

1 to 4094 Sets the default VLAN ID for untagged devices connected to

Tagged VLAN

Setting Description Factory Default

1 to 4094 This field will be active only when selecting the Trunk or

Untagged VLAN

Setting Description Factory Default

VID range from 1 to

4094

s to Trunk Port, since these ports act as the backbone for transmitting packets

the port.

Hybrid port type. Set the other VLAN ID for tagged devices

that connect to the port. Use commas to separate different

VIDs.

This field is only active when the Hybrid port type is selected.

Set the other VLAN ID for tagged devices that connect to the

commas to separate different VIDs.

VLAN environment, set Redundant Port Coupling Ports and

None

Forbidden VLAN

Setting Description Factory Default

1 to 4094 This field is only active when Trunk or Hybrid port type is

selected. Set the other VLAN IDs that will not be supported

by this port. Use commas to separate different VIDs.

Quick Setting Panel provides a quick way of configuring multiple VLAN ports with the same setting.

None

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NOTE

Moxa

headers into a single Ethernet frame

VLAN Name Setting

For the 802.1Q VLAN, the user is able to set VLAN name of each VLAN ID (VID).

VLAN Name Setting

Setting Description Factory Default

Name The VLAN name can only include these characters, a-z/A-Z/0-

9/-/_/

Null

QinQ Settings

’s layer 3 switches support the IEEE 802.1ad QinQ function, which allows users to tag double VLAN

TPID

Setting Description Factory Default

8100 to FFFF Assign the TPID of the second VLAN tag 8100

QinQ Enable

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable/Disable Enable VLAN QinQ function Disable

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VLAN Table

Use the 802.1Q VLAN table to review the VLAN groups that were created, VLAN Name, Joined Access

Ports, Trunk Ports, and Hybrid Ports, and use the Port-based VLAN table to review the VLAN groups

and Joined Ports.

Port

Port Settings

Port settings are included to give the user control over port access, port transmission speed, flow control,

and port type (MDI or MDIX).

Enable

Setting Description Factory Default

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Setting

Description

Factory Default

to Auto.

NOTE

For the Gigabit

Checked Allows data transmission through the port. Checked

Unchecked Immediately shuts off port access.

Media Type

Setting Description Factory Default

Media type Displays the media type for each module’s port N/A

Description

Setting Description Factory Default

Max. 63 characters Specifies an alias for the port to help administrators

differentiate between different ports. Example: PLC 1

Speed

None

Auto Allows the port to use the IEEE 802.3u protocol to negotiate

with connected devices. The port and connected devices will

determine the best speed for that connection.

100M-Full Choose one of these fixed speed options if the connected

100M-Half

10M-Full

10M-Half

FDX Flow Ctrl

This setting enables or disables flow control for the port when the port’s Speed is set to Auto. The final

result will be determined by the Auto process between the Moxa switch and connected devices.

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable Enables flow control for this port when the port’s Speed is set

Disable Disables flow control for this port when the port’s Speed is

MDI/MDIX

Setting Description Factory Default

Auto Allows the port to auto-detect the port type of the connected

MDI Choose MDI or MDIX if the connected Ethernet device has

MDIX

Ethernet device has trouble auto-negotiating for line speed.

set to Auto.

Ethernet device and change the port type accordingly.

trouble auto-negotiating for port type.

Auto

Disabled

Auto

Port Status

The following table shows the status of each port, including the media type, link status, flow control, and

port state.

ports, MDI/MDIX is only Auto mode.

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Link Aggregation

Link aggregation involves grouping links into a link aggregation group. A MAC client can treat link

aggregation groups as if they were a single link.

The Moxa switch’s port trunking feature allows devices to communicate by aggregating up to 4 trunk

groups, with a maximum of 8 ports for each group. If one of the 8 ports fails, the other seven ports will

automatically provide backup and share the traffic.

Port trunking can be used to combine up to 8 ports between two Moxa switches. If all ports on both

switches are configured as 100BaseTX and they are operating in full duplex, the potential bandwidth of the

connection will be 1600 Mbps.

The Port Trunking Concept

Moxa has developed a port trunking protocol that provides the following benefits:

• Greater flexibility in setting up your network connections, since the bandwidth of a link can be doubled,

tripled, or quadrupled.

• Redundancy—if one link is broken, the remaining trunked ports share the traffic within this trunk group.

• Load sharing—MAC client traffic can be distributed across multiple links.

To avoid broadcast storms or loops in your network while configuring a trunk, first disable or disconnect all

ports that you want to add to the trunk or remove from the trunk. After you finish configuring the trunk,

enable or re-connect the ports.

If all ports on both switch units are configured as 100BaseTX and they are operating in full duplex mode,

the potential bandwidth of the connection will be up to 1.6 Gbps. This means that users can double, triple,

or quadruple the bandwidth of the connection by port trunking between two Moxa switches.

Each Moxa switch can set a maximum of 3 port trunking groups. When you activate port trunking, certain

settings on each port will be reset to factory default values or disabled:

• Communication redundancy will be reset.

• 802.1Q VLAN will be reset.

• Multicast Filtering will be reset.

• Port Lock will be reset and disabled.

• Set Device IP will be reset.

• Mirror will be reset.

After port trunking has been activated, you can configure these items again for each trunking port.

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Step 1:

Select the desired

Step 2:

Select the

Step 3:

Select the

Port Trunking

The Port Trunking Settings page is where ports are assigned to a trunk group.

Trunk Group (maximum of 4 trunk groups)

Setting Description Factory Default

Trk1, Trk2, Trk3, Trk4

(depends on switching

chip capability; some

Moxa switches only

support 3 trunk

groups)

The PT-G7728/G8728 supports 4 Trunk Groups

Trunk Type

Setting Description Factory Default

Static Selects Moxa’s static trunking protocol. Static

LACP Selects LACP (IEEE 802.3ad, Link Aggregation Control

Trunk Type (Static or LACP).

Trunk Group to modify the desired ports if necessary

Trunk Group

Specifies the current trunk group. Trk1

Static

Protocol).

Trunking Status

The Trunking Status table shows the Trunk Group configuration status.

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Link-Swap Fast Recovery

The Link-Swap Fast Recovery function, which is enabled by default, allows the Moxa switch to return to

normal operation extremely quickly after devices are unplugged and then re-plugged into different ports.

The recovery time is on the order of a few milliseconds (compare this with standard commercial switches for

which the recovery time could be on the order of several minutes). To disable the Link-Swap Fast Recovery

function, or to re-enable the function after it has already been disabled, access either the Console utility’s

Link-Swap recovery page, or the Web Browser interface’s Link-Swap fast recovery page, as shown

below.

Link-Swap-Fast-Recovery

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable/Disable Select the checkbox to enable the Link-Swap-Fast-Recovery

function

RSTP Grouping

The purpose of RSTP grouping is to fulfil the legacy requirement of IEDs or PLCs that utilize RSTP to

communicate with each other through the IEC 62439-3 HSR network or Moxa’s proprietary architecture –

Turbo Ring v2. As there is a max hops limitation when using RSTP, the quality of the devices that use RSTP

is also limited. By grouping RSTP devices via assigning “RSTP Group ID”, the total number of RSTP devices

that are connected to Turbo Ring v2 or HSR can be extended.

Enable

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Enable RSTP Grouping

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable/Disable RSTP

Grouping of selected

port

Group ID

Setting Description Factory Default

1 to 4094 The RSTP Group ID As port number

Connected Network

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable or disable RSTP Grouping of selected port Disable

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NOTE

Moxa’s

Turbo Ring v2 Ring 1,

Turbo Ring v2 Ring 2,

HSR

PT-G7728/PT-G7828 only supports Turbo Ring v2.

Select the connected network of the RSTP Grouping. Turbo Ring v2 Ring

Multicast

Multicast filtering improves the performance of networks that carry multicast traffic. This section explains

multicasts, multicast filtering, and how multicast filtering can be implemented on your Moxa switch.

The Concept of Multicast Filtering

What is an IP Multicast?

A multicast is a packet sent by one host to multiple hosts. Only those hosts that belong to a specific

multicast group will receive the multicast. If the network is set up correctly, a multicast can only be sent to

an end-station or a subset of end-stations on a LAN or VLAN that belong to the multicast group. Multicast

group members can be distributed across multiple subnets, so that multicast transmissions can occur within

a campus LAN or over a WAN. In addition, networks that support IP multicast send only one copy of the

desired information across the network until the delivery path that reaches group members diverges. To

make more efficient use of network bandwidth, it is only at these points that multicast packets are

duplicated and forwarded. A multicast packet has a multicast group address in the destination address field

of the packet’s IP header.

Benefits of Multicast

The benefits of using IP multicast are:

• It uses the most efficient, sensible method to deliver the same information to many receivers with only

one transmission.

• It reduces the load on the source (for example, a server) since it will not need to produce several copies

of the same data.

• It makes efficient use of network bandwidth and scales well as the number of multicast group members

increases.

• Works with other IP protocols and services, such as Quality of Service (QoS).

Multicast transmission makes more sense and is more efficient than unicast transmission for some

applications. For example, multicasts are often used for video-conferencing, since high volumes of traffic

must be sent to several end-stations at the same time, but where broadcasting the traffic to all end-stations

would cause a substantial reduction in network performance. Furthermore, several industrial automation

protocols, such as Allen-Bradley, EtherNet/IP, Siemens Profibus, and Foundation Fieldbus HSE (High Speed

Ethernet), use multicast. These industrial Ethernet protocols use publisher/subscriber communications

models by multicasting packets that could flood a network with heavy traffic. IGMP Snooping is used to

prune multicast traffic so that it travels only to those end destinations that require the traffic, reducing the

amount of traffic on the Ethernet LAN.

Multicast Filtering

Multicast filtering ensures that only end-stations that have joined certain groups receive multicast traffic.

With multicast filtering, network devices only forward multicast traffic to the ports that are connected to

registered end-stations. The following two figures illustrate how a network behaves without multicast

filtering, and with multicast filtering.

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All hosts receive the multicast

traffic, even if they don’t need it.

Hosts only receive dedicated

traffic from other hosts belonging

to the same group.

NOTE

IGMP Snooping Enhanced mode is only provided in Layer 2 switches.

NOTE

Moxa Layer 3 switches are compatible with any device that conforms to the IGMP v2 and IGMP v3 device

protocols. Layer 2 switches only support IGMP v1/v2.

Network without multicast filtering

Network with multicast filtering

Multicast Filtering and Moxa’s Industrial Rackmount Switches

There are three ways to achieve multicast filtering with a Moxa switch: IGMP (Internet Group Management

Protocol) Snooping, GMRP (GARP Multicast Registration Protocol), and adding a static multicast MAC

manually to filter multicast traffic automatically.

Snooping Mode

Snooping Mode allows your switch to forward multicast packets only to the appropriate ports. The switch

snoops on exchanges between hosts and an IGMP device, such as a router, to find those ports that want to

join a multicast group, and then configures its filters accordingly.

Query Mode

Query mode allows the Moxa switch to work as the Querier if it has the lowest IP address on the subnetwork

to which it belongs.

IGMP querying is enabled by default on the Moxa switch to ensure that query election is activated. Enable

query mode to run multicast sessions on a network that does not contain IGMP routers (or queriers). Query

mode allows users to enable IGMP snooping by VLAN ID. Moxa switches support IGMP snooping version 1,

version 2, and version 3. Version 2 is compatible with version 1.The default setting is IGMP V1/V2.

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IGMP Multicast Filtering

IGMP is used by IP-supporting network devices to register hosts with multicast groups. It can be used on all

LANs and VLANs that contain a multicast capable IP router, and on other network devices that support

multicast filtering. Moxa switches support IGMP version 1, 2 and 3. IGMP version 1 and 2 work as follows:

• The IP router (or querier) periodically sends query packets to all end-stations on the LANs or VLANs that

are connected to it. For networks with more than one IP router, the router with the lowest IP address is

the querier. A switch with IP address lower than the IP address of any other IGMP queriers connected to

the LAN or VLAN can become the IGMP querier.

• When an IP host receives a query packet, it sends a report packet back that identifies the multicast

group that the end-station would like to join.

• When the report packet arrives at a port on a switch with IGMP Snooping enabled, the switch knows that

the port should forward traffic for the multicast group, and then proceeds to forward the packet to the

router.

• When the router receives the report packet, it registers that the LAN or VLAN requires traffic for the

multicast groups.

• When the router forwards traffic for the multicast group to the LAN or VLAN, the switches only forward

the traffic to ports that received a report packet.

IGMP version 3 supports “source filtering,” which allows the system to define how to treat packets from

specified source addresses. The system can either white-list or black-list specified sources.

IGMP version comparison

IGMP Version Main Features Reference

V1 Periodic query RFC-1112

V2 Compatible with V1 and adds:

a. Group-specific query

b. Leave group messages

c. Resends specific queries to verify leave message was the last one

in the group

d. Querier election

V3 Compatible with V1, V2, and adds:

Source filtering

- accept multicast traffic from specified source

- accept multicast traffic from any source except the specified source

RFC-2236

RFC-3376

GMRP (GARP Multicast Registration Protocol)

Moxa switches support IEEE 802.1D-1998 GMRP (GARP Multicast Registration Protocol), which is different

from IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol). GMRP is a MAC-based multicast management protocol,

whereas IGMP is IP-based. GMRP provides a mechanism that allows bridges and end stations to register or

de-register Group membership information dynamically. GMRP functions similarly to GVRP, except that

GMRP registers multicast addresses on ports. When a port receives a GMRP-join message, it will register

the multicast address to its database if the multicast address is not registered, and all the multicast packets

with that multicast address are able to be forwarded from this port. When a port receives a GMRP-leave

message, it will de-register the multicast address from its database, and all the multicast packets with this

multicast address will not be able to be forwarded from this port.

Static Multicast MAC

Some devices may only support multicast packets, but not support either IGMP Snooping or GMRP. The

Moxa switch supports adding multicast groups manually to enable multicast filtering.

Enabling Multicast Filtering

Use the USB console or web interface to enable or disable IGMP Snooping and IGMP querying. If IGMP

Snooping is not enabled, then IP multicast traffic is always forwarded, flooding the network.

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NOTE

IGMP Snooping will be disabled when Port

IGMP Snooping

IGMP Snooping provides the ability to prune multicast traffic so that it travels only to those end destinations

that require that traffic, thereby reducing the amount of traffic on the Ethernet LAN.

IGMP Snooping Setting

-Based VLAN is enabed.

Enable IGMP Snooping (Global)

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable/Disable Select the Enable IGMP Snooping checkbox near the top of

the window to enable the IGMP Snooping function globally.

Query Interval (sec)

Setting Description Factory Default

Numerical value, input

by the user

Enable Multicast Fast Forwarding Mode

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable/Disable Select the Enable Multicast Fast Forwarding Mode checkbox

Enable IGMP Snooping

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable/Disable Enables or disables the IGMP Snooping function on that

Sets the query interval of the Querier function globally. Valid

settings are from 20 to 600 seconds.

achieve fast multicast forwarding path re-learning while the

ring redundant network is down.

Note: Turbo Ring V2 or Turbo Chain must be enabled.

particular VLAN.

Disabled

125 seconds

Disabled

Enabled if IGMP

Snooping is enabled

globally

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NOTE

If a router or layer 3 switch is connected to the network, it will

Querier option will be disabled on all Moxa layer 2 switches.

If all switches on the network are Moxa layer 2 switches, then only one layer 2 switch will act as Querier.

NOTE

Multicast Fast Forwarding Mode is on

layer 3 switches. For

(UI 2.0) User’s Manual

Querier

Setting Description Factory Default

Disable Disables the Moxa switch’s querier function. V1/V2

V1/V2 and V3

checkbox

Static Multicast Querier Port

Setting Description Factory Default

Select/Deselect Select the ports that will connect to the multicast routers.

V1/V2: Enables the switch to send IGMP snooping version 1

and 2 queries

V3: Enables the switch to send IGMP snooping version 3

queries

Disabled

These ports will receive all multicast packets from the source.

This option is only active when IGMP Snooping is enabled.

a detailed introduction, refer to Moxa Managed Ethernet Switch Redundancy Protocol

IGMP Group Status

The Moxa switch displays the current active IGMP groups that were detected. On this page, you can view

IGMP group settings by VLAN ID.

act as the Querier, and consequently this

e function of V-ON technology that should be enabled in layer 2 and

The information shown in the table includes:

• Dynamic Router Port: Indicates that a multicast router connects to or sends packets from these port(s).

• Static Router Port: Displays the static multicast querier port(s).

• Querier Connected Port: Displays the port that is connected to the querier.

• Role: Indicates if the switch is a querier. Displays Querier or Non-Querier.

• Group: Displays the multicast group addresses.

• Port: Displays the port that receives the multicast stream or the port the multicast stream is forwarded

• Version: Displays the IGMP Snooping version.

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NOTE

IGMP Stream Status is only

NOTE

The MAC address (

Snooping to implement automatic classification

• Filter Mode: Indicates that the multicast source address is included or excluded. Displays Include or

Exclude when IGMP v3 is enabled

• Sources: Displays the multicast source address when IGMP v3 is enabled

Stream Table

This page displays the multicast stream forwarding status. It allows you to view the status by VLAN ID.

Stream Group: Multicast group IP address

Stream Source: Multicast source IP address

Port: The port that receives the multicast stream

Member Ports: Ports the multicast stream is forwarded to

supported by Moxa’s Layer 3 switches.

Static Multicast Address

MAC Address

Setting Description Factory Default

Integer Type the MAC address in the MAC Address field to specify a

01:00:5E:XX:XX:XX) will appear on the Static Multicast Address page. Activate IGMP

None

static multicast address.

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Member Port

Setting Description Factory Default

Select/Deselect Select the appropriate checkboxes to define the join ports for

this multicast group.

None

GMRP

GMRP is a MAC-based multicast management protocol, whereas IGMP is IP-based. GMRP provides a

mechanism that allows bridges and end stations to register or un-register Group membership information

dynamically.

Enable GMRP

Setting Description Factory Default

Select/Deselect Select the appropriate checkboxes to define which ports are

to be GMRP enabled.

GMRP Status

The Moxa switch displays the current active GMRP groups that were detected.

MAC Address: The Multicast MAC address

Static Port: This multicast address is defined by static multicast

Learned Port: This multicast address is learned by GMRP

Multicast Filtering Behavior

Multicast Filtering Behavior supports two options: Forward Unknown and Filter Unknown.

None

Multicast Filtering Behavior

Setting Description Factory Default

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Video (interactive media); less than 100 milliseconds of latency and jitter

Forward Unknown Allows the switch to forward all unknown Multicast streams Forward Unknown

Filter Unknown Allows the switch to drop all unknown Multicast steams

QoS

The Moxa switch’s traffic prioritization capability provides Quality of Service (QoS) to your network by

making data delivery more reliable. You can prioritize traffic on your network to ensure that high priority

data is transmitted with minimum delay. Traffic can be controlled by a set of rules to obtain the required

Quality of Service for your network. The rules define different types of traffic and specify how each type

should be treated as it passes through the switch. The Moxa switch can inspect both IEEE 802.1p/1Q layer 2

CoS tags, and even layer 3 TOS information to provide consistent classification of the entire network. The

Moxa switch’s QoS capability improves the performance and determinism of industrial networks for mission-

critical applications.

The Traffic Prioritization Concept

Traffic prioritization allows you to prioritize data so that time-sensitive and system-critical data can be

transferred smoothly and with minimal delay over a network. The benefits of using traffic prioritization are:

• Improve network performance by controlling a wide variety of traffic and by managing congestion.

• Assign priorities to different categories of traffic. For example, set higher priorities for time-critical or

business-critical applications.

• Provide predictable throughput for multimedia applications, such as video conferencing or voice over IP,

and minimize traffic delay and jitter.

• Improve network performance as the amount of traffic grows. Doing so will reduce costs since it will not

be necessary to keep adding bandwidth to the network.

Traffic prioritization uses the four traffic queues that are present in your Moxa switch to ensure that high

priority traffic is forwarded on a different queue from lower priority traffic. Traffic prioritization provides

Quality of Service (QoS) to your network.

Moxa switch traffic prioritization depends on two industry-standard methods:

• IEEE 802.1D—a layer 2 marking scheme.

• Differentiated Services (DiffServ)—a layer 3 marking scheme.

IEEE 802.1D Traffic Marking

The IEEE Std 802.1D, 1998 Edition marking scheme, which is an enhancement to IEEE Std 802.1D, enables

Quality of Service on the LAN. Traffic service levels are defined in the IEEE 802.1Q 4-byte tag, which is used

to carry VLAN identification as well as IEEE 802.1p priority information. The 4-byte tag immediately follows

the destination MAC address and Source MAC address.

The IEEE Std 802.1D, 1998 Edition priority marking scheme assigns an IEEE 802.1p priority level between 0

and 7 to each frame. The priority marking scheme determines the level of service that this type of traffic

should receive. Refer to the table below for an example of how different traffic types can be mapped to the

eight IEEE 802.1p priority levels.

IEEE 802.1p Priority Level IEEE 802.1D Traffic Type

0 Best Effort (default)

1 Background

2 Standard (spare)

3 Excellent Effort (business critical)

4 Controlled Load (streaming multimedia)

6 Voice (interactive voice); less than 10 milliseconds of latency and jitter

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7 Network Control Reserved traffic

Even though the IEEE 802.1D standard is the most widely used prioritization scheme for LAN environments,

it still has some restrictions:

• It requires an additional 4-byte tag in the frame, which is normally optional for Ethernet networks.

Without this tag, the scheme cannot work.

• The tag is part of the IEEE 802.1Q header, so to implement QoS at layer 2, the entire network must

implement IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging.

• It is only supported on a LAN and not across routed WAN links, since the IEEE 802.1Q tags are removed

when the packets pass through a router.

Differentiated Services (DiffServ) Traffic Marking

DiffServ is a Layer 3 marking scheme that uses the DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) field in the IP header to

store the packet priority information. DSCP is an advanced intelligent method of traffic marking that allows

you to choose how your network prioritizes different types of traffic. DSCP uses 64 values that map to user-

defined service levels, allowing you to establish more control over network traffic.

The advantages of DiffServ over IEEE 802.1D are:

• You can configure how you want your switch to treat selected applications and types of traffic by

assigning various grades of network service to them.

• No extra tags are required in the packet.

• DSCP uses the IP header of a packet to preserve priority across the Internet.

• DSCP is backwards compatible with IPV4 TOS, which allows operation with existing devices that use a

layer 3 TOS enabled prioritization scheme.

Traffic Prioritization

Moxa switches classify traffic based on layer 2 of the OSI 7 layer model, and the switch prioritizes received

traffic according to the priority information defined in the received packet. Incoming traffic is classified

based upon the IEEE 802.1D frame and is assigned to the appropriate priority queue based on the IEEE

802.1p service level value defined in that packet. Service level markings (values) are defined in the IEEE

802.1Q 4-byte tag, and consequently traffic will only contain 802.1p priority markings if the network is

configured with VLANs and VLAN tagging. The traffic flow through the switch is as follows:

• A packet received by the Moxa switch may or may not have an 802.1p tag associated with it. If it does

not, then it is given a default 802.1p tag (which is usually 0). Alternatively, the packet may be marked

with a new 802.1p value, which will result in all knowledge of the old 802.1p tag being lost.

• Because the 802.1p priority levels are fixed to the traffic queues, the packet will be placed in the

appropriate priority queue, ready for transmission through the appropriate egress port. When the packet

reaches the head of its queue and is about to be transmitted, the device determines whether or not the

egress port is tagged for that VLAN. If it is, then the new 802.1p tag is used in the extended 802.1D

header.

• The Moxa switch will check a packet received at the ingress port for IEEE 802.1D traffic classification,

and then prioritize it based on the IEEE 802.1p value (service levels) in that tag. It is this 802.1p value

that determines which traffic queue the packet is mapped to.

Traffic Queues

The hardware of Moxa switches has multiple traffic queues that allow packet prioritization to occur. Higher

priority traffic can pass through the Moxa switch without being delayed by lower priority traffic. As each

packet arrives in the Moxa switch, it passes through any ingress processing (which includes classification,

marking/re-marking), and is then sorted into the appropriate queue. The switch then forwards packets from

each queue.

Moxa switches support two different queuing mechanisms:

• Weight Fair: This method services all the traffic queues, giving priority to the higher priority queues.

Under most circumstances, the Weight Fair method gives high priority precedence over low priority, but

in the event that high priority traffic does not reach the link capacity, lower priority traffic is not blocked.

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• Strict: This method services high traffic queues first; low priority queues are delayed until no more high

priority data needs to be sent. The Strict method always gives precedence to high priority over low

priority.

Configuring Traffic Prioritization

Quality of Service (QoS) provides a traffic prioritization capability to ensure that important data is delivered

consistently and predictably. The Moxa switch can inspect IEEE 802.1p/1Q layer 2 CoS tags, and even layer

3 TOS information, to provide a consistent classification of the entire network. The Moxa switch’s QoS

capability improves your industrial network’s performance and determinism for mission critical applications.

CoS Classification

Scheduling Mechanism

Setting Description Factory Default

Weight Fair The Moxa switch has 8 priority queues. In the weight fair

scheme, an 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 4, 2, 1 weighting is applied to

the four priorities. This approach prevents the lower priority

frames from being starved of opportunity for transmission

with only a slight delay to the higher priority frames

Strict In the Strict-priority scheme, all top-priority frames egress a

port until that priority’s frames egress. This approach can

cause the lower priorities to be starved of opportunity for

transmitting frames but ensures that all high priority frames

will egress the switch as soon as possible.

TOS/DSCP Inspection

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable/Disable Enables or disables the Moxa switch for inspecting Type of

Server (TOS) bits in the IPV4 frame to determine the priority

of each frame.

COS Inspection

Setting Description Factory Default

Weight Fair

Enable

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NOTE

The priority of an ingress frame is determined in the following order:

NOTE

The designer can enable these classifications individually or in combination. For instance, if a “hot” higher

priority port is required for a network design,

can be disabled.

This setting leaves only port default prio

same priority on that port.

Enable/Disable Enables or disables the Moxa switch for inspecting 802.1p

Priority

Setting Description Factory Default

0 to 7 The port priority has 8 priority queues: from 0 (lowest) to 7

1. ToS/DSCP Inspection

2. CoS Inspection

3. Priority

Priority Mapping

Enable

COS tags in the MAC frame to determine the priority of each

frame.

(highest)

TOS/DSCP Inspection and Cos Inspection

rity active, which results in all ingress frames being assigned the

CoS Value and Priority Queues

Setting Description Factory Default

0 to 7 Maps different CoS values to 8 different egress queues. CoS 0: 0

CoS 1: 1

CoS 2: 2

CoS 3: 3

CoS 4: 4

CoS 5: 5

CoS 6: 6

CoS 7: 7

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DSCP Mapping

DSCP Value and Priority

Setting Description Factory Default

0 to 7

8 to 15 1

16 to 23 2

24 to 31 3

32 to 39 4

40 to 47 5

48 to 55 6

56 to 63 7

Different DSCP values map to one of 8 different priorities.

Rate Limiting

In general, one host should not be allowed to occupy unlimited bandwidth, particularly when the device

malfunctions. For example, so-called “broadcast storms” could be caused by an incorrectly configured

topology, or a malfunctioning device. Moxa industrial Ethernet switches not only prevent broadcast storms,

but can also be configured to a different ingress rate for all packets, giving administrators full control of

their limited bandwidth to prevent undesirable effects caused by unpredictable faults.

The Control Mode setting on the Rate Limiting page can be set to Normal or Port Disable.

Control Mode

Setting Description Factory Default

Normal Set the max. ingress rate limit for different packet types 30 seconds

Port Disable When the ingress multicast and broadcast packets exceed the

Unlimited

ingress rate limit, the port will be disabled for a certain

period. During this period, all packets from this port will be

discarded.

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10%, 15%, 25%, 35%, 50%, 65%, 85%

Rate Limiting: Normal

Ingress Rate Limit

Policy Description Factory Default

Limit All Select the ingress rate limit for different packet types from

Limit Broadcast,

Multicast, Flooded

Unicast

Limit Broadcast,

Multicast

Limit Broadcast

the following options: Unlimited, 128K, 256K, 512K, 1M, 2M,

4M, 8M, 10%(100Mbps), 15%(150Mbps), 25%(250Mbps),

35%(350Mbps), 50%(500Mbps), 65%(650Mbps),

85%(850Mbps)

Limit Broadcast 8M

Egress Rate Limit

Setting Description Factory Default

Egress rate Select the egress rate limit (% of max. throughput) for all

packets from the following options: Not Limited, 3%, 5%,

Unlimited

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Rate Limiting: Port Disable

Setting Description Factory Default

Port disable

duration (1-65535

seconds)

Ingress (frames per

second)

When the ingress packets exceed the ingress rate limit, the

port will be disabled for a certain period.

Select the ingress rate (fps) limit for all packets from the

following options: Not Limited, 44640, 74410, 148810,

223220, 372030, 520840, 744050

30 seconds

Unlimited

Security

Security can be categorized into two levels: the user name/password level, and the port access level. Moxa

switches provide many kinds of security functions, including Management Interface, Trusted Access,

SSL/SSH Authentication certificate, Login Authentication, IEEE 802.1X, MAC Authentication Bypass, Port

Security, Broadcast Storm Protection, Loop Protection, and Access Control List.

Management Interface

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Setting

Description

Factory Default

Enable HTTP

Setting Description Factory Default

Select/Deselect Select the appropriate checkboxes to enable HTTP. TCP Port: 80

Enable HTTPS

Setting Description Factory Default

Select/Deselect Select the appropriate checkboxes to enable HTTPS. TCP Port: 443

Enable Telnet

Setting Description Factory Default

Select/Deselect Select the appropriate checkboxes to enable Telnet. TCP Port: 23

Enable SSH

Select/Deselect Select the appropriate checkboxes to enable SSH. TCP Port: 22

Enable SNMP

Setting Description Factory Default

Select/Deselect Select the appropriate checkboxes to enable SNMP. TCP Port: 161

Enable Moxa Service

Setting Description Factory Default

Select/Deselect Select the appropriate checkboxes to enable Moxa Service.

NOTE: Moxa Service is only for Moxa network management

software suite.

TCP Port: 4000

UDP Port: 4000

Enable Moxa Service (Encrypted)

Setting Description Factory Default

Select/Deselect Select the appropriate checkboxes to enable Moxa Service

(Encrypted). NOTE: Moxa Service (Encrypted) is only for

Moxa network management software suite.

Maximum Login Users for HTTP+HTTPS

Setting Description Factory Default

Integer (1 to 10) Sets the maximum number of login users for HTTP and

HTTPS

Maximum Login Users for Telnet+SSH

Setting Description Factory Default

Integer (1 to 5) Sets the maximum number of login users for Telnet and SSH 1

Auto Logout Setting (min)

Setting Description Factory Default

Integer (0 to 1440) Sets the web auto logout period.

(Enter 0 to disable this function.)

TCP Port: 443

UDP Port: 40404

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192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254

192.168.1.0 / 255.255.255.0

Trusted Access

The Moxa switch uses an IP address-based filtering method to control access.

You may add or remove IP addresses to limit access to the Moxa switch. When the Trusted Access list is

enabled, only addresses on the list will be allowed access to the Moxa switch. Each IP address and netmask

entry can be tailored for different situations:

• Grant access to one host with a specific IP address

For example, enter IP address 192.168.1.1 with netmask 255.255.255.255 to allow access to

192.168.1.1 only.

• Grant access to any host on a specific subnetwork

For example, enter IP address 192.168.1.0 with netmask 255.255.255.0 to allow access to all IPs on the

subnet defined by this IP address/subnet mask combination.

• Grant access to all hosts

Make sure the Trusted Access list is not enabled by removing the checkmark from Enable trusted

access.

The following table shows additional configuration examples:

Hosts That Need Access Input Format

Any host Disable

192.168.1.120 192.168.1.120 / 255.255.255.255

192.168.0.1 to 192.168.255.254 192.168.0.0 / 255.255.0.0

192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.126 192.168.1.0 / 255.255.255.128

192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254 192.168.1.128 / 255.255.255.128

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SSL Certificate Management

Certificate Import

1. Click Browse and select Public-Key Cryptography Standard (PKCS) #12 certificate file

2. Enter the Import Password and click Import

3. The SSL certificate is updated

Regenerate SSL Certificate

Setting Description Factory Default

Select/Deselect Enable the SSL Certificate Regeneration Deselect

SSH Key Management

SSH Key Re-generate

Setting Description Factory Default

Select/Deselect Enable SSH Key Re-generate Deselect

Authentication

Moxa switches provide three different user login authentications: TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller

Access-Control System Plus), RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service), and Local. The

TACACS+ and RADIUS mechanisms are centralized “AAA” (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting)

systems for connecting to network services. The fundamental purpose of both TACACS+ and RADIUS is to

provide an efficient and secure mechanism for user account management.

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TACACS+/RADIUS server as the authentication database.

RADIUS: 1812

There are five combinations for users:

1. TACACS+, Local: Check TACACS+ database first. If checking the TACACS+ database fails, then check

the Local database

2. RADIUS, Local: Check RADIUS database first. If checking the RADIUS database fails, then check the

Local database

3. TACACS+: Only check TACACS+ database

4. RADIUS: Only check the RADIUS database

5. Local: Only check the Local database

Setting Description Factory Default

Authentication Protocol Authentication protocol selection. Local

Server IP/Name Sets the IP address of an external TACACS+/RADIUS server

as the authentication database.

TCP/UDP Port Sets the communication port of an external

Shared Key Sets specific characters for server authentication verification. None

Authentication Type Authentication mechanism selection. ASCII, PAP, CHAP, and

MSCHAP are for TACACS+; PAP and CHAP are for RADIUS.

Timeout (sec) The timeout period for waiting for a server response. 3

None

TACACS+: 49

ASCII for TACACS+

PAP for RADIUS

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NOTE

The account privilege level is authorized

under

RADIUS Server

TACACS+ Server

• TACACS+ privilege level= 1 to 14 = read only = user

TACACS+.

• RADIUS Service type = 6 = read/write = administrator

• RADIUS Service type = 1 = read only = user

• TACACS+ privilege level= 15 = read/write = administrator

under service type settings in RADIUS, and the privilege level is

IEEE 802.1X Settings

The IEEE 802.1X standard defines a protocol for client/server-based access control and authentication. The

protocol restricts unauthorized clients from connecting to a LAN through ports that are open to the Internet,

and which otherwise would be readily accessible. The purpose of the authentication server is to check each

client that requests access to the port. The client is only allowed access to the port if the client’s permission

is authenticated.

Three components are used to create an authentication mechanism based on 802.1X standards:

Client/Supplicant, Authentication Server, and Authenticator.

Client/Supplicant: The end station that requests access to the LAN and switch services and responds to

the requests from the switch.

Authentication Server: The server that performs the actual authentication of the supplicant.

Authenticator: Edge switch or wireless access point that acts as a proxy between the supplicant and the

authentication server, requesting identity information from the supplicant, verifying the information with the

authentication server, and relaying a response to the supplicant.

The Moxa switch acts as an authenticator in the 802.1X environment. A supplicant and an authenticator

exchange EAPOL (Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN) frames with each other. We can either use

an external RADIUS server as the authentication server, or implement the authentication server in the Moxa

switch by using a Local User Database as the authentication look-up table. When we use an external

RADIUS server as the authentication server, the authenticator and the authentication server exchange EAP

frames.

Authentication can be initiated either by the supplicant or the authenticator. When the supplicant initiates

the authentication process, it sends an EAPOL-Start frame to the authenticator. When the authenticator

initiates the authentication process or when it receives an EAPOL Start frame, it sends an EAP

Request/Identity frame to ask for the username of the supplicant.

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Setting

Description

Factory Default

60 to 65535

Sets the Re-Auth period

3600

Authentication Protocol

Setting Description Factory Default

802.1X Local

(Max. of 32 users)

RADIUS Select this option to set an external RADIUS server as the

RADIUS, 802.1X Local Select this option to make using an external RADIUS server

Select this option when setting the 802.1X Local User

Database as the authentication database.

authentication database. The authentication mechanism is

EAP-MD5.

as the authentication database the first priority. The

authentication mechanism is EAP-MD5. The second priority is

to set the 802.1X Local User Database as the authentication

database.

802.1X Local

Re-Auth (Global)

Enable/Disable Select enable to require re-authentication of the client after a

Re-Auth Period (sec)

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable 802.1X

Setting Description Factory Default

Select/Deselect Select the checkbox under the 802.1X column to enable IEEE

Re-Auth

Setting Description Factory Default

Select/Deselect Select enable to require re-authentication of the client by port Deselect

Enable

preset time period of no activity has elapsed.

Deselect

802.1X for one or more ports. All end stations must enter

usernames and passwords before access to these ports is

allowed.

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NOTE

The user name for the

IEEE 802.1X Local Database

When selecting the 802.1X Local as the authentication protocol, set the IEEE 802.1X Local Database first.

IEEE 802.1X Local Database Setup

Setting Description Factory Default

User Name

(Max. of 30

characters)

Password

(Max. of 16

characters)

Confirm Password

(Max. of 16

characters)

Description

(Max. of 30

characters)

User Name for the Local User Database None

Password for the Local User Database None

Confirm Password for the Local User Database None

Description for the Local User Database None

IEEE 802.1X Local Database is case-insensitive.

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Setting

Description

Factory Default

NOTE

If RADIUS Server is case sensitive,

MAC Authentication Bypass Settings

Authentication Protocol

Setting Description Factory Default

RADIUS RADIUS is the only authentication protocol of the MAC

Authentication Bypass

Re-Auth

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable/Disable Select enable to require re-authentication of the client after a

preset time period of no activity has elapsed

Re-Auth Period (sec)

Setting Description Factory Default

60 to 65535 Sets the Re-Auth period 3600

Re-Start

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable/Disable Select enable to require a present time period to re-start

authentication after failure of authentication

Re-Start Period (sec)

Setting Description Factory Default

5 to 300 Sets the Re-Start period 60

RADIUS

Disable

Enable MAC Authentication Bypass

Select/Deselect Check the checkbox under the MAC Authentication Bypass

Deselect

column to enable MAC Authentication Bypass for one or more

ports

use lower-case characters for the username and password.

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RADIUS Server Settings

Apply Login Authentication Setting

Setting Description Factory Default

Select/Deselect Enables using the same setting as Auth Server. Deselect

Server Setting

Setting Description Factory Default

Server IP/Name Specifies the IP/name of the server None

Server Port Specifies the port of the server 1812

Server Shared Key Specifies the shared key of the server None

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Port Security

Moxa switches provide a Port Security function that lets packets with allowed MAC Addresses access the

switch’s ports. Two Port Security modes are supported: Static Port Lock and MAC Address Sticky.

Static Port Lock: Allows users to configure specific MAC addresses that are allowed to access the port.

MAC Address Sticky: Allows users to configure the maximum number of MAC addresses (the Limit) that a

port can “learn.” Users can configure what action should be taken (under Violation Port Disable) when a new

MAC address tries to access a port after the maximum number of MAC addresses have already been

learned. The total number of allowed MAC addresses cannot exceed 1024.

Port Security Mode

Mode

Setting Description Factory Default

Static Port Lock The switch will block unauthorized MAC addresses and allow

access to packets with a MAC address defined in the Static

Unicast MAC Address Table.

MAC Address Sticky If Limit is set to n, the switch will learn the first n MAC

addresses that access the port, and automatically store them

in the MAC Address Control Table.

Limit (only active for MAC Address Sticky)

Setting Description Factory Default

1 to 1024 The maximum number of learned MAC addresses allowed for

that port.

None

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Port Number

Associates the static address to a dedicated port

None

Violation Port Disable (only active for MAC Address Sticky)

Setting Description Factory Default

Disable When the port receives a packet with an unlearned MAC

address, the packet will be discarded.

Enable When the port receives a packet with an unlearned MAC

address, the port will be disabled.

Disable

Static Port Lock

Port Number

Setting Description Factory Default

VID

Setting Description Factory Default

VLAN ID Associates the static address to a dedicated VLAN on the port None

MAC Address

Setting Description Factory Default

MAC Address Adds the static unicast MAC address into the address table None

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MAC Address Sticky

Port Number

Setting Description Factory Default

Port Number Associates the static address to a dedicated port None

VID

Setting Description Factory Default

VLAN ID Associates the static address to a dedicated VLAN on the port None

MAC Address

Setting Description Factory Default

MAC Address Adds the static unicast MAC address into the address table None

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NOTE

Port Access Control Table

The port status will be indicated as authorized or unauthorized.

Loop Protection

Enable Loop Protection

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable Select the Enable checkbox to enable the loop protection

Disable Deselect the Enable checkbox to disable the loop protection

Access Control List

Disable

function.

-G7728 switches only support Ingress ACL.

Access control lists (ACLs) increase the flexibility and security of networking management. ACLs provide

traffic filtering capabilities for ingress and egress packets. Moxa ACLs can manage filter criteria for a diverse

range of protocols and allow users to configure customized filter criteria. For example, users can deny

access to specific source or destination IP/MAC addresses. The Moxa ACL configuration interface is easy to

use. Users can quickly establish filtering rules, manage rule priorities, and view overall settings on the

display page.

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The ACL Concept

What is ACL?

An access control list is a basic traffic filter for ingress and egress packets. The ACL can examine each

Ethernet packet’s information and take the necessary action. Moxa Layer 3 switches provide complete

filtering capabilities. Access list criteria could include the source or destination IP address of the packets, the

source or destination MAC address of the packets, IP protocols, or other information. The ACL can check

these criteria to decide whether to permit or deny access to a packet.

Benefits of ACL

ACLs support per interface, per packet direction, and per protocol filtering capability. These features can

provide basic protection by filtering specific packets. The main benefits of an ACL are:

• Manage authority of hosts: An ACL can restrict specific devices through MAC address filtering. The

user can deny all packets or only permit packets that come from specific devices.

• Subnet authority management: Configure filtering rules for specific subnet IP addresses. An ACL can

restrict packets from or to specific subnets.

• Network security: The demand for networking security is growing. An ACL can provide basic protection

that works in a similar manner to an Ethernet firewall device.

• Control traffic flow by filtering specific protocols: An ACL can filter specific IP protocols such as TCP

or UDP packets.

How an ACL Works

The ACL working structure is based on access lists. Each access list is a filter. When a packet enters into or

exits from a switch, the ACL will compare the packet to the rules in the access lists, starting from the first

rule. If a packet is rejected or accepted by the first rule, the switch will drop or pass this packet directly

without checking the rest of the lower-priority rules. In other words, Access Control Lists have “Priority

Index” as an attribute to define the priority in the web configuration console.

There are two types of settings for an ACL: list settings and rule settings. In order to be created, an Access

Control List needs the following list settings: Name, Priority Index, Filter Type, and Ports to Apply. Once

created, each Access Control List has its own set of rule settings. Priority Index represents the priority of the

names in the access list. Names at Priority Index 1 have first priority in packet filtering. The Priority Index is

adjustable whenever users need to change the priority. Two types of packet filtering can be used:

• IP based

• MAC Based

The filter type defines whether the access list will examine packets based on IP or MAC address. The type

affects what detailed rules can be edited. You can then assign the ports you would like to apply the list to.

You can also define Ingress and Egress per port.

After adding a new access control list, you can also create new rules for the access control list. Each ACL

group accepts 10 rules. Rules can filter packets by source and destination IP/MAC address, IP protocol,

TCP/UDP Port, Ethernet Type, and VLAN ID.

After all rules are set, the ACL starts to filter the packets by the rule with the highest Priority Index (smaller

number, higher priority). Once a rule denies or accepts its access, the packet will be dropped or passed.

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Access Control List Configuration and Setup

Access Control Profile Settings

On this page, you can configure two settings: (1) Add/Modify Access Control list, and (2) Adjust ACL ID.

Add/Modify Access Control List

This function lets you add a new access control profile or modify an existing access control profile. The

operation depends on the ACL ID you select. If the selected ACL ID is still empty, you can start by creating

a new access control profile. Parameters for editing are as follows:

• ACL ID: The ACL checking sequence is based on these IDs. Smaller ID numbers have a higher priority

for packet filtering. If a packet is filtered by an access control profile with a higher priority, those access

control profiles with a lower priority will not be executed.

Note that the ACL ID is not unique with respect to the profile name. The ID changes when swapping the

priority of different access control profiles.

The maximum Priority Index number is 16.

• Name: You can name the access control profile in this field.

• Filter Name: Select filtering by either IP or MAC address. Detailed settings can be configured in the

Access Control Rule Settings page.

If a selected ACL ID is already in the access control list, then you can modify the parameters listed above.

After the configuration is complete, click Apply to confirm the settings. A new list will appear in the Access

Control List Table.

Adjust ACL ID

Changing an established access control profile’s priority is easy. Moxa provides a simple interface to let you

easily adjust the priority. Follow the three steps below to adjust the priority:

Step 1: Select the profile

Step 2: Click the Up/Down button to adjust the sequence. The ACL ID will change with the profile’s

position.

Step 3: Click the Apply button to confirm the settings.

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Access Control Rule Settings

You can edit access control rules on this page. Each ACL includes up to 10 rules. First, select the access

control profile you would like to edit based on the ACL ID, and then set up the rule content and

ingress/egress ports. After configuring, click the Add button to add the rule to the list. Finally, click Apply to

activate the settings.

An access control rule displays setting options based on the filtering type used:

IP Based (Layer 2 Device)

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IP Based (Layer 3 Device)

• Action: Whether to deny or permit access if the rule criterion is met.

• Source (Destination) IP Address / IP Address Mask: Defines the IP address rule. By using the

mask, you can assign specific subnet ranges to filter. It allows checking the source or destination of the

packet. Choose Any if you do not need to use this criteria.

• IP Protocol: Select the type of protocols to be filtered. Moxa provides ICMP, IGMP, IP over IP, TCP, and

UDP as options in this field.

• TCP/UDP Source (Destination) Port: If TCP or UDP are selected as the filtering protocol, these fields

will allow you to enter port numbers for filtering.

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MAC Based (Layer 2 Device)

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MAC Based (Layer 3 Device)

• Action: Whether to deny or permit access if the rule criterion is met.

• Source (Destination) MAC Address / MAC Address Mask: Defines the MAC address rule. By using

the mask, you can assign specific MAC address ranges to filter. It allows checking the source or

destination of the packet. Choose Any if you do not need to use this criterion.

• Ethernet Type: Select the type of Ethernet protocol to filter. Options are IPv4, ARP, RARP, IPv6,

IEE802.3, PROFIENT, LLDP, and IEEE1588.

• VLAN ID: Enter a VLAN ID you would like to filter by.

Once ready, click the Add button to add the rule to the list and set up the ingress/egress ports, and then

click Apply to activate the settings.

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Access Control List Table

The Access Control List Table page provides a complete view of all ACL settings. On this page, you can view

the rules by Ingress port, Egress port, or ACL ID. Click the drop-down menu to select Port or ACL ID, and all

the rules will be displayed in the table.

DHCP

IP-Port Binding

Designated IP Address

Setting Description Factory Default

IP Address Set the desired IP of connected devices. None

DHCP Relay Agent

The DHCP Relay Agent makes it possible for DHCP broadcast messages to be sent over routers. The DHCP

Relay Agent enables DHCP clients to obtain IP addresses from a DHCP server on a remote subnet, or those

that are not located on the local subnet.

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DHCP Relay Agent (Option 82)

Option 82 is used by the relay agent to insert additional information into the client’s DHCP request. The

Relay Agent Information option is inserted by the DHCP relay agent when forwarding client-originated DHCP

packets to a DHCP server. Servers can recognize the Relay Agent Information option and use the

information to implement IP addresses to Clients.

When Option 82 is enabled on the switch, a subscriber device is identified by the switch port through which

it connects to the network (in addition to its MAC address). Multiple hosts on the subscriber LAN can be

connected to the same port on the access switch and are uniquely identified.

The Option 82 information contains 2 sub-options, Circuit ID and Remote ID, which define the relationship

between the end device IP and the DHCP Option 82 server. The Circuit ID is a 4-byte number generated by

the Ethernet switch—a combination of physical port number and VLAN ID. The format of the Circuit ID is

shown below:

FF–VV–VV–PP

This is where the first byte “FF” is fixed to “01”, the second and the third byte “VV-VV” is formed by the port

VLAN ID in hex, and the last byte “PP” is formed by the port number in hex. For example:

01–00–0F–03 is the “Circuit ID” of port number 3 with port VLAN ID 15.

The “Remote ID” identifies the relay agent itself and can be one of the following:

1. The IP address of the relay agent.

2. The MAC address of the relay agent.

3. A combination of IP address and MAC address of the relay agent.

4. A user-defined string.

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Assigns the IP address of the 3rd DHCP server that the switch

Assigns the IP address of the 4th DHCP server that the switch

Enable or Disable

Enable or disable the DHCP Option 82 function.

Disable

Server IP Address

1st Server

Setting Description Factory Default

IP address for the 1st

DHCP server

2nd Server

Setting Description Factory Default

IP address for the 2nd

DHCP server

3rd Server

Setting Description Factory Default

IP address for the 3rd

DHCP server

4th Server

Setting Description Factory Default

IP address for the 4th

DHCP server

Assigns the IP address of the 1st DHCP server that the switch

tries to access.

Assigns the IP address of the 2nd DHCP server that the

switch tries to access.

tries to access.

None

DHCP Option 82

Enable Option 82

Setting Description Factory Default

Assign Remote-ID by

Setting Description Factory Default

IP Uses the switch’s IP address as the remote ID sub. IP

MAC Uses the switch’s MAC address as the remote ID sub. IP

Client-ID Uses a combination of the switch’s MAC address and IP

address as the remote ID sub.

Other Uses the user-designated ID sub. IP

Value

Setting Description Factory Default

Max. of 12 characters Displays the value that was set. Complete this field if type is

set to Other.

Remote-ID

Setting Description Factory Default

read-only The actual hexadecimal value configured in the DHCP server

for the Remote-ID. This value is automatically generated

according to the Value field. Users cannot modify it.

Switch IP address

C0A87FFD

DHCP Function Table

Enable

Setting Description Factory Default

Enable or Disable Enable or disable the DHCP Option 82 function for this port. Disable

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NOTE

The username and password of SNMP V3 are the same as the username and password of User Account.

authority

SNMP

The Moxa switch supports SNMP V1, V2c, and V3. SNMP V1 and SNMP V2c use a community string match

for authentication, which means that SNMP servers access all objects with read-only or read/write

permissions using the community strings public and private by default. SNMP V3 requires that you select an

authentication level of MD5 or SHA, and is the most secure protocol. You can also enable data encryption to

enhance data security.

Supported SNMP security modes and levels are shown in the following table. Select the security mode and

level that will be used to communicate between the SNMP agent and manager.

Protocol

Version

SNMP V1,

V2c

SNMP V3 No-Auth No No Uses an account with admin or user to access

ccounts with admin privilege have read/write access to all configuration parameters. Accounts with user

UI Setting Authentication Encryption Method

V1, V2c Read

Community

V1, V2c

Write/Read

Community

MD5 or SHA Authentication

only have read access to configuration parameters.

Community string No Uses a community string match for

authentication.

Community string No Uses a community string match for

authentication.

objects

No Provides authentication based on HMAC-MD5,

based on MD5 or

SHA

based on MD5 or

SHA

Data

encryption

key

or HMAC-SHA algorithms. 8-character

passwords are the minimum requirement for

authentication.

Provides authentication based on HMAC-MD5

or HMAC-SHA algorithms, and data

encryption key. 8-character passwords and a

data encryption key are the minimum

requirements for authentication .and

encryption.

These parameters are configured on the SNMP page. A more detailed explanation of each parameter is

given below the figure.

Moxa PT-G7728, PT-G7828 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual