CAUTION: Before using this product, read the operating instructions for safe usage contained in
the Product Safety and RF Exposure booklet enclosed with your radio.
ATTENTION!
This radio is restricted to occupational use only to satisfy FCC RF energy exposure requirements. Before
using this product, read the RF energy awareness information and operating instructions in the Product
Safety and RF Exposure booklet enclosed with your radio (Motorola Publication part number 68P81095C98)
to ensure compliance with RF energy exposure limits.
For a list of Motorola-approved antennas, batteries, and other accessories, visit the following web site which
lists approved accessories: http://www.motorola.com/cgiss/index.shtml
.
Page 8
vi: Product Safety and RF Exposure Compliance
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August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 9
Chapter 1Introduction
1.1Scope of Manual
This manual is intended for use by service technicians familiar with similar types of equipment. It
contains service information required for the equipment described and is current as of the printing
date. Changes which occur after the printing date may be incorporated by a complete Manual
revision or alternatively as additions.
NOTE: Before operating or testing these units, please read the User Safety, Training and General
Information Section in the front of this manual.
1.2Warranty and Service Support
Motorola offers long term support for its products. This support includes repair of the product during
the warranty period, and service/repair or spare parts support out of warranty.
Motorola de Colombia Service Center
Carrera 7 No. 71-52
Torre B, Piso 13
Oficina 1301
Bogota - Colombia
Phone: 571-376-6990
Motorola de Mexico Service Center
Bosques de Alisos #125
Col. Bosques de las Lomas
CP 05120 Mexico D.F.
Phone: 525-257-6700
1.2.1Warranty Period and Return Instructions
Where the product is covered under warranty, a check of the product should be performed prior to
shipping the unit. This is to ensure that the product has been correctly programmed or has not been
subjected to damage outside the terms of the warranty.
Products should be shipped back in the original packaging, or correctly packaged to ensure no
damage occurs in transit.
1.2.2After Warranty Period
After the Warranty period, Motorola continues to support its products in two ways.
1. Motorola’s authorized service centers offer a repair service to both end users and dealers at
competitive prices.
2. AAD supplies individual parts and modules that can be purchased by dealers who are
technically capable of performing fault analysis and repair.
Page 10
1-2
1.2.3Piece Parts
Some replacement parts, spare parts, and/or product information can be ordered directly. If a
complete Motorola part number is assigned to the part, it is available from Motorola’s Accessories
and Aftermarket Division (AAD). If no part number is assigned, the part is not normally available from
Motorola. If the part number is appended with an asterisk, the part is serviceable by Motorola Depot
only. If a parts list is not included, this generally means that no user-serviceable parts are available
for that kit or assembly.
All orders for parts/information should include the complete Motorola identification number. All part
orders should be directed to your local AAD office. Please refer to your latest price pages.
To order parts in Latin America and the Caribbean:
7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. (Central Standard Time)
Monday through Friday (Chicago, USA)
1-847-538-8023
Motorola Parts (Accessories and Aftermarket Division AAD):
Attention: Order Processing
1313 E. Algonquin Road
Schaumburg, IL 60196
Introduction
: Warranty and Service Support
1.2.4Technical Support
https://businessonline.motorola.com
Select: "Contact Us"
1.2.5Parts Identification
1-847-538-0021 (Voice)
1-847-538-8194 (Fax)
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 11
Introduction
: Radio Model Information1-3
1.3Radio Model Information
The model number and serial number are located on a label attached to the back of your radio. You
can determine the RF output power, frequency band, protocols, and physical packages. The
example below shows one portable radio model number and its specific characteristics.
Table 1-1. Radio Model Number (Example: LAH49KDH8AA9)
Type
of
Unit
LAH49K
Model
Series
H = Portable
Motorola Internal Use
Frequency
Band
(136-174
MHz)
(403-440
MHz)
(435-480
MHz)
Power
Level
D
5W
Q
R
C
4W
Physical
Packages
H
Full Keypad
with Display
Channel
Spacing
8
12.5/25KAAConventional
Protocol
Feature
Level
9
Full
Keypad
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 12
1-4
1.4Radio Features
Feature
Introduction
PRO2150
CPSUser
: Radio Features
AccessibilityYes
Normal Operation
Rx/TxXX
Cloning
Factory Reset
VFO
Squelch Level
Scan List 1
Scan List 2
Scan List 3
Special PL 1,2,3
Norm/Inv DPL
TOT
Battery Saver
Battery Type
Alert Tone Volume
Prime Ch
Prime Ch Return Hang Time
XX
X
X
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
X
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
Yes
PTT ID (OFF, PRE, POST, BOTH)
PTT ID Sidetone
PTT Short Sidetone
Tx Pretime
Backlight Status
PTT ID
Button Programmability
Access/Deaccess Code
Telephone No
PL/DPL Type
Scan Interval Timer
Scan Hang Timer
Channel On/Off
Rx Freq
Tx Freq
Rx PL/DPL
X
X
X
X
XX
X
X
XX
XX
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 13
Introduction
: Radio Features1-5
PRO2150
Feature
CPSUser
Tx PL/DPL
TOC
Power Level
BCL
Ch Alias
Ch Spacing
PTT ID On/Off
PL Required for Selcall
Scan Type Select
Scan List Select
Copy Ch
Scan Lower Limit
Scan Upper Limit
Freq Step Size
Rx Freq
Tx Freq
Offset Freq
Repeater Offset
Rx PL/DPL
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Tx PL/DPL
TOC
Power Level
BCL
Ch Spacing
PTT ID On/Off
Radio Information
Radio Configuration
Conventional Personality
VFO Status
Scan List
Phone Information
Signalling
Programmable Button
Reverse Burst
X = Indicates available
Blank = Indicates unavailable
X
X
X
X
X
X
XX
XX
XX
X
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 14
1-6
Introduction
: Radio Features
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August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 15
Chapter 2Maintenance
2.1Introduction
This chapter provides details about the following:
• Preventive Maintenance
• Safe Handling of CMOS and LDMOS Devices
• General Repair Procedures and Techniques
• Disassembling and Reassembling the Radio
2.2Preventive Maintenance
The radio does not require a scheduled preventive maintenance program; however, periodic visual
inspection and cleaning is recommended.
2.2.1Inspection
Check that the external surfaces of the radio are clean, and that all external controls and switches
are functional. It is not recommended to inspect the interior electronic circuitry.
2.2.2Cleaning Procedures
The following procedures describe the recommended cleaning agents and the methods to be used
when cleaning the external and internal surfaces of the radio. External surfaces include the front
cover, housing assembly and battery case. These surfaces should be cleaned whenever a periodic
visual inspection reveals the presence of smudges, grease, and/or grime.
NOTE: Internal surfaces should be cleaned only when the radio is disassembled for service or repair.
The only recommended agent for cleaning external radio surfaces is a 0.5% solution of a mild
dishwashing detergent in water. The only factory recommended liquid for cleaning printed circuit
boards and their components is isopropyl alcohol (70% by volume).
CAUTION: The effects of certain chemicals and their vapors can have harmful results on certain
plastics. Avoid using aerosol sprays, tuner cleaners, and other chemicals.
2.2.2.1 Cleaning External Plastic Surfaces
Apply the 0.5% detergent-water solution sparingly with a stiff, non-metallic, short-bristled brush to
work all loose dirt away from the radio. Use a soft, absorbent, lintless cloth or tissue to remove the
solution and dry the radio. Make sure that no water remains entrapped near the connectors, cracks,
or crevices.
2.2.2.2 Cleaning Internal Circuit Boards and Components
Apply Isopropyl alcohol (70%) with a stiff, non-metallic, short-bristled brush to dislodge embedded or
caked materials located in hard-to-reach areas. The brush stroke should direct the dislodged
material out and away from the inside of the radio. Make sure that controls or tunable components
are not soaked with alcohol. Do not use high-pressure air to hasten the drying process since this
could cause the liquid to collect in unwanted places. After completing the cleaning process, use a
soft, absorbent, lintless cloth to dry the area. Do not brush or apply any isopropyl alcohol to the
frame, front cover, or back cover.
Page 16
2-2
Maintenance
NOTE: Always use a fresh supply of alcohol and a clean container to prevent contamination by
dissolved material (from previous usage).
: Safe Handling of CMOS and LDMOS Devices
2.3Safe Handling of CMOS and LDMOS Devices
Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices are used in this family of radios, and
are susceptible to damage by electrostatic or high voltage charges. Damage can be latent, resulting
in failures occurring weeks or months later. Therefore, special precautions must be taken to prevent
device damage during disassembly, troubleshooting, and repair.
Handling precautions are mandatory for CMOS circuits and are especially important in low humidity
conditions. DO NOT attempt to disassemble the radio without first referring to the following
CAUTION statement.
CAUTION: This radio contains static-sensitive devices. Do not open the radio unless you are
properly grounded. Take the following precautions when working on this unit:
• Store and transport all CMOS devices in conductive material so that all exposed leads
are shorted together. Do not insert CMOS devices into conventional plastic “snow”
trays used for storage and transportation of other semiconductor devices.
• Ground the working surface of the service bench to protect the CMOS device. We
recommend using the Motorola Static Protection Assembly (part number
0180386A82), which includes a wrist strap, two ground cords, a table mat, and a floor
mat.
• Wear a conductive wrist strap in series with a 100k resistor to ground. (Replacement
wrist straps that connect to the bench top covering are Motorola part number RSX-
4015.)
• Do not wear nylon clothing while handling CMOS devices.
• Do not insert or remove CMOS devices with power applied. Check all power supplies
used for testing CMOS devices to be certain that there are no voltage transients
present.
• When straightening CMOS pins, provide ground straps for the apparatus used.
• When soldering, use a grounded soldering iron.
• If at all possible, handle CMOS devices by the package and not by the leads. Prior to
touching the unit, touch an electrical ground to remove any static charge that you may
have accumulated. The package and substrate may be electrically common. If so, the
reaction of a discharge to the case would cause the same damage as touching the
leads.
2.4Repair Procedures and Techniques — General
2.4.1Parts Replacement and Substitution
When damaged parts are replaced, identical parts should be used. If the identical replacement part
is not locally available, check the parts list for the proper Motorola part number and order the part
from the nearest Motorola Communications parts center listed in the Piece Parts section of this
manual.
2.4.2Rigid Circuit Boards
This radio uses bonded, multi-layer, printed circuit boards. Since the inner layers are not accessible,
some special considerations are required when soldering and unsoldering components. The printedthrough holes may interconnect multiple layers of the printed circuit. Therefore, exercise care to
avoid pulling the plated circuit out of the hole.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 17
Maintenance
: Repair Procedures and Techniques — General2-3
When soldering near the 20-pin and 40-pin connectors:
• Avoid accidentally getting solder in the connector.
• Be careful not to form solder bridges between the connector pins.
• Examine your work closely for shorts due to solder bridges.
2.4.3Flexible Circuits
The flexible circuits are made from a different material than the rigid boards, and require different
soldering techniques. Excessive prolonged heat on a flexible circuit can damage the material.
Therefore, avoid excessive heat and excessive bending.
For parts replacement, use the ST-1087 Temperature-Controlled Solder Station with a 600-700
degree F tip, and use small diameter solder such as ST-633. The smaller size solder will melt faster
and require less heat to be applied to the circuit.
To replace a component on a flexible circuit:
1. Grasp with seizers (hemostats) the edge of the flexible circuit near the part to be removed.
2. Pull gently.
3. Apply the tip of the soldering iron to the component connections while pulling with the seizers.
NOTE: Do not attempt to puddle-out components. Prolonged application of heat may damage the
flexible circuit.
2.4.4Chip Components
Use either the RLN-4062 Hot-Air Repair Station or the Motorola 0180381B45 Repair Station for chip
component replacement. When using the 0180381B45 Repair Station, select the TJ-65 minithermojet hand piece. On either unit, adjust the temperature control to 700 degrees F. (370 degrees
C), and adjust the airflow to a minimum setting. Airflow can vary due to component density.
• To remove a chip component, select a hot-air hand piece and position the nozzle of the hand
piece approximately 1/8” above the component to be removed. Begin applying hot air. Once the
solder reflows, remove the component using a pair of tweezers. Using solder wick and a
soldering iron or a power desoldering station, remove the excess solder from the pads.
• To replace a chip component using a soldering iron, select the appropriate micro-tipped
soldering iron and apply fresh solder to one of the solder pads. Using a pair of tweezers,
position the new chip component in place while heating the fresh solder. Once solder wicks
onto the new component, remove the heat from the solder. Heat the remaining pad with the
soldering iron and apply solder until it wicks to the component. If necessary, touch up the first
side. All solder joints should be smooth and shiny.
• To replace a chip component using hot air, select the hot-air hand piece and reflow the solder
on the solder pads to smooth it. Apply a drop of solder paste flux to each pad. using a pair of
tweezers, position the new component in place. Position the hot-air hand piece approximately
1/8” above the component and begin applying heat. Once the solder wicks to the component,
remove the heat and inspect the repair. All joints should be smooth and shiny.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 18
2-4
2.4.5Shields
Removing and replacing shields will be done with the R-1070 station with the temperature control set
to approximately 415°F (215°C); 445°F (230°C) max.
• To remove the shield, place the circuit board in the R-1070’s holder. Select the proper heat
focus head and attach it to the heater chimney. Add solder paste flux around the base of the
shield. Position the shield under the heat-focus head. Lower the vacuum tip and attach it to the
shield by turning on the vacuum pump. Lower the focus head until it is approximately 1/8”
(0.3cm) above the shield. Turn on the heater and wait until the shield lifts off the circuit board.
Once the shield is off, turn off the heat, grab the part with a pair of tweezers, and turn off the
vacuum pump. Remove the circuit board from the R-1070’s circuit board holder.
• To replace the shield, add solder to the shield if necessary, using a micro-tipped soldering iron.
Next, rub the soldering iron tip along the edge of the shield to smooth out any excess solder.
Use solder wick and a soldering iron to remove excess solder from the solder pads on the
circuit board. Place the circuit board back in the R1070’s circuit board holder. Place the shield
on the circuit board using a pair of tweezers. Position the heat-focus head over the shield and
lower it to approximately 1/8” above the shield. Turn on the heater and wait for the solder to
reflow.
Once complete, turn off the heat, raise the heat-focus head and wait approximately one minute
for the part to cool. Remove the circuit board and inspect the repair. No cleaning should be
necessary.
Maintenance
: Disassembling and Reassembling the Radio — General
2.5Disassembling and Reassembling the Radio — General
Since these radios may be disassembled and reassembled with the use of only four (board to
casting) screws, it is important to pay particular attention to the snaps and tabs, and how parts align
with each other.
The following tools are required for disassembling the radio:
• Phillips screwdriver
• 4mm socket wrench
If a unit requires more complete testing or service than is customarily performed at the basic level,
send this unit to a Motorola Authorized Service Center.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 19
Maintenance
: Radio Disassembly — Detailed2-5
2.6Radio Disassembly — Detailed
2.6.1Front Cover from Chassis Disassembly
1. Turn off the radio.
2. Remove the battery:
a.Slide the battery clasp away from the radio (
See Figure 2-1.
).
Figure 2-1.
b. Slide battery down and away from radio.
3. Remove the antenna.
4. Pull the On/Off Volume knob off of its shaft.
5. Remove the two screws at the back of the rear chassis (
See Figure 2-2.
Insert screwdriver here
to remove chassis.
).
Figure 2-2.
6. Insert a small flat-head screwdriver at the bottom of the radio, between the chassis and
housing (location marked in
the housing or the O-ring underneath.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Figure 2-2
), and lift the chassis gently. Be careful not to damage
Page 20
2-6
Maintenance
: Radio Disassembly — Detailed
7. Lift the rear chassis away from the front cover (
See Figure 2-3.
). Be careful not to damage the
speaker wire underneath.
Figure 2-3.
8. Slide the rear chassis downwards, and away from the front cover.
9. Remove the speaker connector, which connects between RF Board and the internal speaker
on the front cover (
See Figure 2-4.
).
Figure 2-4.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 21
Maintenance
: Radio Disassembly — Detailed2-7
2.6.2Control Board Disassembly
1. Remove the screws which hold the control board to the RF board.
2. Remove the control board which is connected to the RF board through a board-to-board
connector (
Board-to-board
connector
See Figure 2-5.
2.6.3RF Board Disassembly
).
Figure 2-5.
1. Remove the screws and the stud which hold the RF board to the rear diecast with the Phillips
head screwdriver and socket wrench respectively.
2. Gently remove the RF board from rear diecast. The completely disassembled radio is shown
Figure 2-6
in
.
Figure 2-6.
NOTE: The Control and RF boards are mounted with cross recess screws meeting the Phillips Cross
Slot number 1 standard. Using a Phillips 0 will damage the screw recesses as will a poorly
fitting Phillips 1 screwdriver. One example of a correct fitting screwdriver is manufactured by
PB Baumann (http://www.pbtools.ch/index_e.html) and is available from many electronic tool
dealers. The PB Baumann item number is 121/1-70. Other high quality manufacturer's
pruducts meeting the Phillips 1 standard are also acceptable.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 22
2-8
2.7Radio Reassembly — Detailed
2.7.1RF Board Reassembly
1. Place the RF board on the rear diecast.
2. Tighten the screws and the stud.
2.7.2Control Board Reassembly
1. Place the control board on the RF board.
2. Connect the control board to the RF board by pressing it firmly downwards at the board-toboard connector (
Board-to-board
Connector
See Figure 2-7.
).
Maintenance
: Radio Reassembly — Detailed
Figure 2-7.
3. Tighten the screws using a screwdriver to hold the control board in place.
2.7.3Chassis and Front Cover Reassembly
1. Remove the metal retainer with a small flat head screwdriver (
Housing tab
Figure 2-8.
See Figure 2-11.
Retainer
).
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 23
Maintenance
: Radio Reassembly — Detailed2-9
2. Remove the rubber button insert behind the retainer (
Rubber button
Figure 2-9.
3. Push left hand side PTT hook until it releases (
See Figure 2-10.
PTT hooks
See Figure 2-9.
).
).
Figure 2-10.
4. Push right hand side PTT hook until PTT button is completely released.
5. Reinstall the rubber insert and metal retainer.
6. Connect the RF board to the internal speaker on the front cover with the speaker connector
(
See Figure 2-11.
).
Figure 2-11.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 24
2-10
Maintenance
: Radio Reassembly — Detailed
7. Place the front cover over the tabs on the rear diecast.
8. Insert the On/Off Volume shaft into the front cover opening.
9. Lower the front cover until the bottom edges snap firmly into place on the rear diecast (
Figure 2-12.
).
Figure 2-12.
10. Tighten the two (2) screws at the bottom of rear diecast using a screwdriver (
2-13.
).
See Figure
See
Figure 2-13.
11. Reinsert the PTT button (
Press to insert
See Figure 2-15.
).
Large hook side
Figure 2-14.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 25
Maintenance
: Radio Reassembly — Detailed2-11
12. Attach the battery.
13. Attach the On/Off Volume knob and the antenna.
Figure 2-15.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 26
2-12
2.8Mechanical View and Parts List
2.8.1Exploded View and Parts List
14
Maintenance
2g
2f
8c
: Mechanical View and Parts List
10
2d
8b
15
12
11
2a
5
2e
2c
2b
6
4a
4b
9
7d
7c
7b
7a
17
3a
13
3b
16
1
8a
Figure 2-16.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 27
Maintenance
: Mechanical View and Parts List2-13
Item
1DS1M001110Front Cover Kit
2DS1M001120Chassis Hardware Kit
2aRod (M2)
2bHeatsink Tape
2cDSM4193013Gasket (Screw M2.6)
2dDSM1B26051Screw M2.6
2ePCB Bracket
2fScrew M2 Cfims
2gExternal Tape
3DS1M001130Knob Assembly
3aKnob
3bSpring (D4.75)
4DS1M001140External Cover Kit
4aExternal Cover
Part
Number
Description
4bExternal Cover Cap
5Model DependentController Board Assembly
6Model DependentRF Board Assembly
7DS1M001170LCD Kit
7aLCD Bracket
7bLCD
7cInterconnector
7dReflector
8DSM4193042PRO2150 Nameplate
8aLabel Nameplate
8bLabel Serial
8cLabel Tuning
9DS1M001190Speaker Assembly
10PMNN4046Battery
11DSM2192004Contact Gasket
12DSM2192005Main Gasket
13DSM2192006Volum e Gasket
14HLN9844_Beltclip
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 28
2-14
Maintenance
: Service Aids
Item
15DSM5190001Back Housing
16DSM6189003PTT Button
17Frequency dependent. Please see
Part
Number
“6.1
Description
Antenna
Antennas” on page 6-1
2.9Service Aids
Table 2-1
these items are available from Motorola, most are standard shop equipment items, and any
equivalent item capable of the same performance may be substituted for the item listed.
Motorola Part
No.
H5197
HKVN4002_
DSK001C706Programming Cable (2.5mm)Connects radio and IF Test Box to Computer.
AAPMKN4003_Cloning Cable (2.5mm)To clone programmable information from one radio to
lists service aids recommended for working on the PRO2150 Portable Radio. While all
Table 2-1.
DescriptionApplication
Customer Programming and
Tuning Software (CD)
Program customer options, channel data, and tuner
hardware parameters, front end, power, etc.
another radio.
DSK001C704Test CableConnects radio to IF Test Box.
DSK001C714Interconnect Service CableConnects RF board and CPU board.
DSK001C702IF Test BoxEnables connection to the audio/accessory jack. Allows
switching for radio testing.
DSK001C705Battery EliminatorInterconnects radio to power supply (red-and-black power
cable included).
DSK001C719Antenna Ground PlateTo improve the grounding while tuning and doing conducted
measurement.
HLN8262_BNC AdaptorAdapts radio’s antenna port to BNC cabling of test
equipment.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 29
Maintenance
: Test Equipment2-15
2.10Test Equipment
Table 2-2
lists test equipment required to service the PRO2150 Portable Radio and other two-way
radios.
Table 2-2.
Motorola Part
No.
*R1049Digital MultimeterTwo meters recommended for
*S1100Audio Oscillator67 to 200Hz tonesUsed with service monitor to
*S1053,
*SKN6009,
*SKN6001
R1053Dual-trace
*S1350, *ST1215
(VHF)
*ST1223 (UHF)
*T1013
S1339RF Millivolt Meter100 µV to 3 VRF, 10 kHz
DescriptionCharacteristicsApplication
AC/DC voltage and current
measurements
inject PL tones
AC Voltmeter, Power
Cable for meter, Test
leads for meter
Oscilloscope
Wattmeter,
Plug-in Elements
(VHF & UHF), RF
Dummy Load
1 mV to 300 V,
10 Mega Ohm input
impedance
20 MHz bandwidth,
5 mV/cm - 20 V/cm
50-Ohm, ±5% accuracy
10 W, max. 0-1000 MHz,
300 W
to 1.2 GHz
Audio voltage measurements
Waveform measurements
Transmitter power output
measurements
RF level measurements
*R1013SINAD MeterReceiver sensitivity
measurements
S1347 or
S1348 (prog)
*Frequency/deviation meter and signal generator for wide-range troubleshooting and alignment
DC Power Supply0-20 Vdc, 0-5 AmpsBench supply for 7.5Vdc
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 30
2-16
2.11Programming Cable (DSK001C706)
To: PC
RS232C 9PD-SUB
1: DCD
2: RXD
3: TXD
4: DTR
5: GND
6: DSR
7: RTS
8: CTS
9: RI
Maintenance
D101
1SS362
D102
1SS362
R103
10k
: Programming Cable (DSK001C706)
C101
0.1
R101
10k
R102
10k
Q101
UMW1N
Q102
UMW1N
Figure 2-17.
543 2 1
987 6
Figure 2-18.
R104
10k
PROG
GND
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 31
Maintenance
: IF Test Box (DSK001C702)2-17
2.12IF Test Box (DSK001C702)
D-Sub 9P
Non
9
Non
8
SP +
7
SP101
INT_SPEAKER
P101
SPK OUT
J101
Mic/Prog Input
P102
Mic Input
S101
Out on/off
S103
INT_PTT
R101
24 ohm
S102
Spk/Load
T101
Balan
C101
1/25V
SP -
6
GND
5
Non
4
Mic
3
PRG
2
Non
1
R102
10k
Figure 2-19.
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2-18
Maintenance
: IF Test Box (DSK001C702)
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August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 33
Chapter 3Radio Tuning
3.1Introduction
This chapter provides an overview of the software and hardware tuning material available for the
PRO2150 Portable Radio.
The PRO2150 Portable Radio’s Customer Programming and Tuner Software are designed for use in
a Windows 95/98/NT environment. This software covers all the functions of the traditional Radio
Service Software (RSS) package.
An Installation instruction manual is contained within each kit.
DescriptionKit Number
Customer Programming and Tuning Software (CD)
3.2Software Tuning Setup
A Windows 95/98/NT PC (personal computer) and Tuner are required to tune parameters such as
power, sensitivity, squelch and RSSI. To perform the tuning procedures, the radio must be connected
to the PC and IF Test Set as shown in the figure below.
Refer to online help files for specific tuning procedures. See
Ground Contact Finger
(Refer to Figure below
on how to attach to radio)
Antenna Port
Acc
Jack
Test Cable
(DSK001C704)
Radio
N Type
TEST EQUIPMENT
BNC
InputOutput
BNC
IF TEST SET
DSK001C702
9 Pin
Connector
BNC
Mic
BNC
Spk
H5197
HKVN4002_
Figure 3-2
(DSK001C706)
, how to attach the radio.
Comm
PortProgramming Cable
Figure 3-1.
Page 34
3-2
3.3Affixing Antenna Ground Plate
(Strictly for Radio’s Testing and Tuning Purpose Only)
1. Insert the antenna ground plate (DSK001C719) through the antenna adaptor (HLN8262).
Ground Plate
Figure 3-2.
2. Screw the antenna adaptor into the radio’s antenna jack as shown in
NOTE: Make sure the antenna ground plate is placed properly before the battery eliminator is
inserted to the radio. This is to ensure that the radio has a better grounding.
Radio Tuning
Antenna Adaptor
: Affixing Antenna Ground Plate
Figure 3-3
.
Ground Plate
Antenna Adaptor
Figure 3-3.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 35
Radio Tuning
: Hardware Tuning Setup and Procedure3-3
3.4Hardware Tuning Setup and Procedure
There is a silver seal on the bottom left of the radio chassis. Remove the seal to expose the two
potentiometers for audio and sub-audio (CTCSS) modulation adjustment. RV601, which is slightly
higher, is the trimmer potentiometer for audio modulation tuning. The lower trimmer potentiometer
(RV602) is meant for sub-audio modulation tuning.
RV601
RV602
Figure 3-4.
3.4.1Audio Modulation Tuning
1. Set the radio to transmit at the appropriate tuning frequency (
3-1
) with low power. Set Channel Spacing to "CS-25.0" for 25kHz (see “Radio Programming”
section).
2. On the test equipment, set it to receive at the appropriate tuning frequency (
Frequency” on page 3-4
Audio bandwidth: 0.25Hz to 15,000Hz.
De-emphasis: OFF
3. Inject a 60mV 1kHz tone to the radio through the external mic connector.
4. Key up the radio.
5. Using a ceramic tuning tool, adjust RV601 to tune the audio modulation deviation to settle
between 4.3kHz to 4.5kHz.
See “Tuning Frequency” in Ta bl e
See “Tuning
) and with the following configurations:
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 36
3-4
3.4.2Sub-Audio Modulation Tuning
1. Set the radio to transmit at the appropriate tuning frequency (See “Tuning Frequency” on
table 3-1) with low power and TX PL frequency of 100.0Hz. Set Channel Spacing to "CS-
25.0" for 25kHz (see “Radio Programming” section).
2. On the test equipment, set it to receive at the appropriate tuning frequency (see “PRO2150
Portable Radio Programming” section) and with the following configurations:
Audio bandwidth: 0.25Hz to 3,000Hz.
De-emphasis: OFF
3. Do NOT inject any tone to the radio.
4. Key up the radio.
5. Using a ceramic tuning tool, adjust RV602 to tune the sub-audio modulation deviation to
settle between 0.65kHz to 0.75kHz.
3.4.3Tuning Frequency
BandFrequency (MHz)
VHF 136-174 MHz155.025
Table 3-1.
Radio Tuning
: Hardware Tuning Setup and Procedure
UHF 403-440 MHz421.5
UHF 435-480 MHz457.5
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 37
Chapter 4Radio Programming
4.1Introduction
The PRO2150 Portable Radio can be programmed by using the Customer Programming Software
(CPS).
4.2Programming Your Radio
4.2.1Overview of the Programming Process
To prepare properly programmed radios for your customers, you should:
1. Program one radio with all the necessary parameters, as required by your customers.
2. Clone these parameters over to all your customer’s radios.
4.2.2Cloning Radio Parameters to User Radios
Cloning duplicates the contents of Radio 1 (master radio) into Radio 2 (slave radio). However, tuning
and alignment information are not affected by cloning.
4.2.3Parameters Which are Cloned
• Radio Wide parameters
• Channel settings
• VFO settings
4.2.4Parameters Which are Not Cloned
• All hardware tuning and alignment parameters
• Unit Serial Number
4.2.5To Clone a Radio
Cloning duplicates the contents of your radio (master radio) into your customer’s radio (slave radio).
Tuning and alignment information are not affected by cloning.
1. Turn off both the master and slave radios (if any of them are turned on).
2. Connect both radios with the cloning cable through the Programming Port (lower port of the
Accessory Connector).
3. Turn on the slave radio.
4. Press and hold the A button, and turn on the master radio.
5. The master radio displays CLONE if cloning can proceed, otherwise an error message is
shown.
6. The slave radio displays PROG while it is being programmed.
7. When cloning is completed, the master radio displays END, and the slave radio resets
automatically.
8. Disconnect radios from the cloning cable. They are now ready for operation.
Page 38
4-2
4.2.6Error Conditions
An error may occur when cloning a radio. When this happens, an error message is displayed. The
following is a list of causes and the possible solutions for each error message.
Radio Programming
: CPS Programming
Error
Message
TIME OUTData communications time-out. Please ensure that the slave radio is
switched on, and the cloning cable is properly connected.
BCC ERRData communications checksum error.
TYPE ERRMismatch in model numbers. Please ensure that the master and slave radios
are of the same model number.
CMD ERRData communications command error.
4.3CPS Programming
The CPS is designed for use in the Windows 95/98/NT environment.
An Installation instruction manual is contained within each CPS kit.
DescriptionKit Number
PRO2150 Customer Programming and Tuning Software (CD)
Refer to online help files for the CPS Programming procedures.
Description
H5197
HKVN4002_
Radio
Programming Cable (2.5mm)
DSK001C706
Comm
Port
Figure 4-1.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 39
Radio Programming
: Programming4-3
4.4Programming
4.4.1PL Frequencies and Codes
PL Freq (Hz)
67001XZ136.50224Z
69.3
71.9
74.4
77
79.7
82.5
85.4
88.5
91.5
94.8
97.4
100
103.5
Motorola
Code
002WZ141.30234A
003XA146.20244B
004WA151.40255Z
005XB156.70265A
006WB162.20275B
007YZ167.90286Z
008YA173.80296A
009YB179.90306B
010ZZ186.20317Z
011ZA192.80327A
012ZB203.5033M1
0131Z206.50348Z
0141A210.7035M2
Equiv.
PL Code
PL Freq (Hz)
Motorola
Code
Equiv.
PL Code
107.2
110. 9
114. 8
118. 8
123
127.3
131.8
0151B218.1036M3
0162Z225.7037M4
0172A229.10389Z
0182B233.6039M5
0193Z241.8040M6
0203A250.3041M7
0213B254.10420Z
PL1PL1
PL2PL2
PL3PL3
NOTE: PL1, PL2, PL3 are the User Defined PL Frequencies.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 40
4-4
4.4.2DPL Codes
Radio Programming
: Programming
DPL
Code
23043152065343087606109
25
26
31
32
43
47
51
54
65
71
72
73
74
Motorola
Code
044155066346088612110
045156067351089624111
046162068364090627112
047165069365091631113
048172070371092632114
049174071411093645*115
050205072412094654116
051223073413095662117
052226074423096664118
053243075431097703119
054244076432098712120
055245077445099723121
056251078464100731122
DPL
Code
Motorola
Code
DPL
Code
Motorola
Code
DPL
Code
Motorola
Code
114
115
116
125
131
132062311084532106
134063315085546107
143064331086565108
057261079465101732123
058263080466102734124
059265081503103743125
060271082506104754126
061306083516105
NOTE: The codes marked with an asterisk are not part of the 83 standard EIA/TIA-603 codes.
4.4.3Examples
4.4.3.1 Setting Up a Scan List
Scenario: To setup Scan List 2 with the following channels - CH 008, CH 036, CH 092, CH 083, CH
068.
Steps:
1. Enter Programming Mode, by pressing MON and turning on the radio.
2. Press PTT or MON until SCANLST2 is displayed.
3. Press +. The first scan list member holder, 2-01-, will be displayed. Use the keypad to enter
008.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 41
Radio Programming
: Programming4-5
4. Press + again. Enter 036, when 2-02- appears, and subsequently in this manner, enter the
other channels.
NOTE: If a mistake is made, use + or - to move to the appropriate scan list member holder and press
# to erase the channel number.
5. Press PTT or MON, when all the channel numbers have been entered.
6. Turn off your radio, if you have completed the programming, or proceed to the next
parameter.
4.4.3.2 Programming a Phone Number/Access Code/De-Access Code
Scenario: To program the phone number, 9-72886338 (where “-” represents a Pause digit), at
memory location 8.
Steps:
1. Enter Programming Mode, by pressing MON and turning on the radio.
2. Press PTT or MON until TELNO-8 is displayed.
3. Press +. The cursor will be placed on the first character.
4. Use the keypad to enter 9.
5. Enter a Pause digit, by entering * followed by #. These two characters will be converted into a
Pause, represented by ‘-’.
NOTE: Each Pause digit entered shortens the overall length of the code/number by a digit.
6. Use the keypad to enter the rest of the phone number.
NOTE: If a mistake is made, use + or - to move to the appropriate location and then re-enter the
correct character. To erase the complete phone number/code, enter # 16 times.
7. Press PTT or MON, when the complete phone number has been entered.
8. Turn off your radio, if you have completed the programming, or proceed to the next
parameter.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 42
4-6
Radio Programming
: Programming
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 43
Chapter 5Error Code Displays
5.1Error Codes
The radio performs cursory tests during start-up and during operations to determine if its basic
electronics and software are in working order . Problems detected during these tests are presented
as error codes on the radio display. The presence of an error code means that a problem exists and
that the user should contact a service technician. Use the following table to aid in understanding
particular error code displays.
Table 5-1.
Failure DisplayDescription
MEM ERRDefective ROM.
EEP ERRDefective external EEPROM. Codeplug data is corrupted.
PLL ERRThe radio cannot receive or transmit on the programmed frequencies.
Page 44
5-2
Error Code Displays
: Error Codes
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 45
Chapter 6Accessories
6.1Antennas
8504762J01_14cm Antenna, 136-155MHz
8504762J02_14cm Antenna, 155-174MHz
PMAD4012_9cm Antenna, 136-155MHz
PMAD4013_9cm Antenna, 155-174MHz
PMAE4010_10cm Antenna, 403-440MHz
PMAE4011_10cm Antenna, 435-480MHz
NAE6483_Whip Antenna, 403-520MHz
6.2Carrying Accessories
4285820Z01Shoulder Strap
HLN9844_Belt Clip (1.5")
HLN9985_Waterproof Bag
RLN4815_Universal RadioPak Carry Case
JMZN4020_Handstrap for Radio
6.3Carry Cases
PMLN4467_Carrying Case, Soft Leather Black
PMLN4468_Carrying Holster Case, Neoprene Grey
PMLN4469_Carrying Holster Case, Neoprene Blue
6.4Chargers
PMTN4047_Wall Charger (16Hr), 230V, EU
PMTN4052_Wall Charger (16Hr), 230V, UK
PMTN4053_Wall Charger (16Hr), 110V, US
HTN9071_Wall Charger (24Hr), 230V, ARG
PMTN4049_Rapid Charger (3Hr), 230V, EU
PMTN4050_Rapid Charger (3Hr), 240V, UK
PMTN4048_Rapid Charger (3Hr), 110V, US
6.5Batteries
PMNN4046_Battery Std NiMH
6.6Audio Accessories
PMLN4442_MAG ONE Earbud w/In-line PTT/MIC/Vox Switch
Page 46
6-2
Accessories
PMLN4443_MAG ONE Ear Receiver w/In-line PTT/MIC/Vox Switch
PMLN4444_MAG ONE Earset Boom Mic w/In-line PTT/Vox Switch
PMLN4445_MAG ONE Ultra-lightweight Headset w/in-line PTT/Vox
PMMN4008_MAG ONE Remote Speaker Mic
HMN9030_Remote Speaker Microphone
PMLN4294_Ear Set Microphone w/PTT
PMLN4425_Earset Boom Mic w/Remote Ring PTT
BDN6646_Ear Mic w/PTT
BDN6647_Lightweight Single Speaker w/Swivel
BDN6648_Hvy-duty Hdset w/Noise Canceling Mic
BDN6720_Flex Rec. Earpiece w/o Volume Control
HMN9022_Medweight Dual Muff Headset (behind)
HMN9752_Earpiece w/Volume Control
HMN9787_Lightweight Headset w/Swivel Boom Mic
HMN9013_Lightweight Headset w/Swivel Boom Mic
HMN9021_Medweight Dual Muff Headset (overhead)
HMN9036_Earbud w/clip Mic and PTT
: Manuals
HMN9727_Earpiece w/o Volume Control
6.7Manuals
HKLN4197_PRO2150 Portable Radio User Guide (English, Spanish, and
HKLN4204_PRO2150 Portable Radio Detailed Service Manual (English)
6.8Software
H51972 Year CPS Subscription
HKVN4002_PRO2150 Customer Programming and Tuning Software (CD)
Frequency:136-174 MHz
Channel Capacity:99
Power Supply:7.5 Volts ±20%
Dimensions with Stan-
dard High
Capacity NiMH
Battery:
Weight: with Standard
High Capacity NiMH
Battery:
Average Battery Life @
(5-5-90 Duty Cycle)
Sealing:Passes rain testing per IPX4
Shock and
Vibration:
Dust:Meets MIL STD 810C, D and
Humidity:Weather resistant housing
115.5mm x 56mm x 35mm
350 g
(Low Power)
>11 hrs
(EN60529=1991)
Meets MIL STD 810C, D and
E
E
passes EIA RS-316B
(High Power)
>8 hrs
Receiver
VHF 12.5
kHz
Sensitivity
12dB SINAD:
Adjacent Channel
Selectivity EIA
Intermodulation60 dB65 dB
Spur Rejection:60 dB65 dB
Image Rejection:60 dB65 dB
Hum and Noise40 dB
Audio Distortion< 5%
Conducted
Emmision
Audio Output
@ <5% Distortion
All specifications are subject to change without notice.
0.25 µV0.25 µV
60 dB65 dB
-57 dBm
500 mW500 mW
VHF 25
kHz
Transmitter
RF Output
NiMH @ 7.5V:
Channel Spacing12.5/25 kHz
Freq. Stability
(-30°C to +60°C)
Spurs/Harmonics:-26 dBm
Audio Response:
(from 6 dB/oct. PreEmphasis, 300 to
3000Hz)
Audio Distortion:
@ 1000 Hz, 60%
Rated Max. Dev.
FM Noise:40 dB
Low
1W
0.00025%
+1, -3 dB
<5%
VHF
High
5W
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 49
VHF Band Information
: Theory of Operation7-3
7.3Theory of Operation
7.3.1General Information
Your radio has two printed circuit boards: the Controller board, and the Radio Frequency (RF) board.
The Controller board contains the CPU/Control section. The RF board contains the VCO/Synthesizer
section, Transmitter section, Receiver section, Transmitter Audio circuitry, Receiver Audio circuitry,
and Battery section.
7.3.2Power Distribution
Battery
RF PA
Q411
Driver AMP
Q412
+ SW B
Power
Switch
SW201
Audio Power
AMP
Q702
SAVE SW
Q210
5V REG
Q204
VCO Buffer
Q308
RX SW
Q211
TX/RX SW
Q208,209
TX REG
Q201,202
Diode
Q126
PLL IC
Q323
RF AMP
Q404
MIC AMP
Q602
Reset
Q105
Ripple Filter
Q330
Local AMP
Q416
Sub Audio
LPF Q610
CPU
EEPROM
Q101
Q114
TX/RX SW
Q309,310
IF AMP
Q408
TX Driver
Q413,414
Divide
by 2
Q122
TX VCO
RX VCO
IF AMP
Q506
RF Power
Control
Converter
Q325
Q324
Q419
DA
Q121
LPF
Q502
TX +5V
Figure 7-1.
The above figure illustrates the DC distribution throughout the radio board. A battery supplies power
directly to the electronic on/off control. Radio power supply is triggered by the Power Switch (On/
Off/Volume control) and +SW B is distributed as show in the figure. Regulator output 5V is supplied
to the CPU. +SW B continues to support the Audio Power AMP, 5V Regulator, TX Regulator until the
radio is turned off.
HPF
Q505
DTMF
Decode
Q120
RX +5V
The radio can be turned off on two ways:
1. Power Switch turned-off
2. Low Battery
When a low battery level is detected by the CPU, it stores the radio personality data to EEPROM
before turning off the radio.
7.3.3Power up Sequence
1. Power supply is turned on by the On/Off/Volume Control (Power Switch).
2. Power from battery is supplied to the regulator through the switch.
3. Output (5V) from the regulator is directed to the CPU (Q101).
4. Q105 resets the CPU (Q101).
5. The CPU loads radio personality data from EEPROM after the reset.
6. This personality data is used to initialize the radio.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 50
7-4
7. The radio restores last power up state (i.e. state before the radio was turned-off).
8. Power is supplied to PLL circuitry.
9. Power is supplied to Rx and Rx VCO circuitry.
10. CPU sends data to PLL circuitry. If LOCK status is confirmed, radio continues the power-up
sequence. Otherwise, PLL ERR is displayed.
11. If the Rx audio level is less than the pre-programmed squelch level, and other unmuting
conditions are met, the radio will open squelch.
7.3.4CPU / Control Section
When the radio is turned ON, the CPU (Q101) reads the radio status from the EEPROM Q114. It
also monitors the keypad, the PTT line and other inputs such as the squelch detect, etc.
continuously. When there is a channel change, the CPU sends the correct frequency information to
the synthesizer via pins 1, 2 and 89. The CPU is clocked by the 8.388608MHz oscillator, which is
composed of X101, C101, C106, and R158.
7.3.5VCO / Synthesizer Section
This section consists of the Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator (TCXO), Voltage
Controlled Oscillator (VCO), Synthesizer and the Loop Filter. These circuits are found on the RF
board.
The reference oscillator is a temperature compensated crystal-controlled, Pierce type circuit. It
utilizes a logic gate within Q323 as a gain element. C335 is used to adjust the oscillator on frequency
(14.4MHz) at room temperature (22°C). Temperature variations cause resistance changes in
thermistor R330 and R567, which is on the base of Q320, thus varying the voltage applied to
varactor Q322. This changes the impedance across crystal X301 in a manner complementary to the
temperature drift characteristic of the crystal. In this way, the reference oscillator is held within the
specified ±2.5 PPM from -30 to +60°C.
7.3.5.2 Voltage-Controlled Oscillators
Only one of the VCOs runs at a time, which is controlled by Q310 and Q101. The receive VCO
consists of C344-C351, L302, L305, L306, L312-L314, Q311, and Q324. This VCO oscillates at 45.1
MHz above the programmed receive frequency. The VCO’s oscillating frequency is tuned by the
varactor Q311. The tuning voltage is supplied from the output of the Loop Filter. The output of the
VCO is AC coupled (C352) to the buffer Q308. The output of the VCO buffer Q308 is AC coupled
(C308) to the synthesizer and the output buffer Q416 respectively.
When the PTT is pressed, Q101 pin36 goes low (approx. 0V) disabling the receive VCO by the Q310
and biases on Q309 to enable the transmitter VCO. The transmitter VCO consists of C353, C355,
C357, C358, L315, L317, L318, Q325, Q326, and Q329. This VCO oscillates on the programmed
transmit frequency. The VCO’s oscillating frequency is tuned by the varactor Q326. The tuning
voltage is supplied from the output of the Loop Filter. The transmit voltage controlled oscillator is
directly frequency-modulated and operates on the carrier frequency. The synthesizer is tuned in
5.00kHz or 6.25kHz steps.
7.3.5.3 Synthesizer
The frequency synthesizer is a large-scale monolithic synthesizer integrated circuit Q323. The
synthesizer IC contains a dual modulus prescaler, programmable divide-by-N counter, prescale
control (swallow) counter, reference oscillator, reference divider, phase detector, charge pump and
lock detector. Also, included in Q323 are shift registers and control circuits for frequency controls and
general device control.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 51
VHF Band Information
RF output from the active VCO is AC coupled to the synthesizer Q323 prescaler input at Pin 8. The
divide counter chain in Q323, consisting of the dual-modulus prescaler, swallow counter and
programmable counter, divides the VCO signal down to a frequency very close to 5.00kHz or
6.25kHz which is applied to the phase detector. The phase comparator compares the phase with the
5.00kHz or 6.25kHz reference signal from the reference divider and drives the external charge pump
(Q314, Q315 and Q316). The synthesizer unlock detector circuit prevents the operation of the
transmitter and receiver, when the phase lock loop (PLL) is unlocked. The following discussion
assumes the unit has been placed in the transmit mode. Q323 lock detector Pin 7 goes high when
the PLL is locked. This high level is applied to Pin 25 of the CPU Q101. A software timing routing
brings the RX/TX line low (Pin 36 of Q101). With the RX/TX line goes low, Q209 is cut off and Q208
is biased on passing +5VTX-B to Q202; it biases on Q201 to pass switched TX-B to the transmitter
amplifier string which enables transmission.
When the PLL is unlocked, the lock detector at Q323 Pin 7 will begin pulsing low. A RC circuit
converts this low pulse to a low level for the CPU. The CPU then changes the RX/TX line to a high,
thus signaling the other transistor switches to drive Q201 into cutoff, which disables transmission.
Therefore, the transmitter remains disabled while the loop remains out of lock, and “PLL ERR” is
displayed.
7.3.5.4 Loop Filter
The Loop Filter, a passive lead-lag filter consisting of R314-R317, R356, C323, C369, and C371,
integrates the charge pump output to produce the DC turning voltage for the VCO. One parasitic
pole, consisting of RF chokes L306/L318, prevent modulation of the VCOs by the 5.00kHz or
6.25kHz reference energy remaining at the output of the loop filter. Direct FM is obtained for
modulating frequencies outside the PLL bandwidth by applying the CTCSS/DCS signals and the preemphasized, limited microphone audio to the VCO modulation circuit. The modulation circuit
consists of R347 and Q329.
: Theory of Operation7-5
7.3.6Transmitter Section
7.3.6.1 RF Power Amplifier
After the PTT is pressed, the +5VTX-B line switches to approximately 5V. Q309 is turned on,
enabling transmit VCO. The VCO buffer, pre-driver, driver and power amplifier are biased on by
Q201. Q201 is biased on by the +5VTX-B line switching to 5V. RF output from the transmit
VCO(Q325) is applied to the VCO output buffer Q308. Output from Q308 feeds the buffer Q414. The
output signal from Q414 feeds the pre-driver amplifier Q413, and feeds the driver amplifier Q412,
whose output from the driver stage feeds the final RF power amplifier Q411 to produce the rated
output power of 5 watts. The final output is feed to a low-pass filter (C446-C448, C451, C452, L418,
and L419) and then to the transmit/receive switch Q410. RF power is then fed to the antenna via the
output low-pass filter consisting of C440-C445, L415, and L416.
7.3.6.2 Antenna Switching
Switching of the antenna between the transmitter and the receiver is accomplished by the antenna
transmit/receive switch consisting of diodes Q409 and Q410. In the transmit mode, switched TX B+
is applied through R419 and RF choke L417, hard forward biasing the two diodes on Q410, thus
permitting the flow of RF power from the output of the low-pass filter. L414 and C445 isolate the
receiver circuit from the transmitter power input.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 52
7-6
7.3.6.3 Power Control
Output power is controlled by the CPU (Q101), the D/A converter (Q121), the dual Op-Amp (Q419),
which is used as a differential amplifier and comparator. Current is sensed by the voltage drop
across R445. When the radio is in high power mode, this voltage is compared to the
D/A converter voltage at 5-watt. When the radio is in low power mode, this voltage is compared to
the D/A converter voltage at 1-watt. The power output is then reduced or increased by varying the
applied voltage to the gate of the power amplifier Q411 and Q412.
7.3.6.4 Transmitter Audio Circuits
The transmitter audio circuits consist of the audio processing circuits, the CTCSS circuits and the
DCS circuits.
7.3.6.4.1 Audio Processing
Transmit speech audio is provided by either the internal electric microphone M101 or the external
microphone. The audio is pre-emphasized by 6dB per octave by C615 and R655, and then its signal
is amplified. The microphone audio is directed to amplifier Q602B, Q602A and low-pass filter Q602C
and Q602D. Q602A has limiting function. The modulation adjustment is done by Pot RV601, and
directed to a four-pole active low-pass filter. The resulting signal is then limited, and is directed to a
low pass filter (18dB per octave roll-off above 3KHz). The audio is then directed through the 25KHz/
12.5KHz channel spacing SW Q601 to varactor diode Q329 in transmit VCO. By varying the voltage
on the varactor diode Q329 at an audio rate, VCO output is frequency-modulated.
VHF Band Information
: Theory of Operation
7.3.6.4.2 CTCSS Tone Encoder / Digital Code Squelch (DCS) Encoder
CTCSS signals and DCS signals are synthesized by CPU Q101 and appear as pulse waveform on I/
O line Pin 7. This I/O line is connected to a digital-to-analog converter network (consisting of C136, C173, R150, R177 and R182), which produces a pseudo-sine wave at its output. The waveform is
smoothed by low pass filters Q610B to produce an acceptable sine wave output. The CTCSS tone
signal is adjusted to the proper level by RV602.
7.3.7Receiver Section
7.3.7.1 Receiver Front End
In the receive mode, the RF signal enters thorough the antenna, then through the low-pass filter
C439-C445, and L414-L416. The diodes Q409 and Q410 are biased off, so that the output of the
low-pass filter is coupled (C437, C438, L413 and R418) to the first band-pass filter C401-C406, C408-C410, L401, L402, PCB_L1, Q401, R401, and to the Front End RF overload protection diode
pair Q403. The signal from the band-pass filter is directed to the input of the RF amplifier Q404. The
output of the RF amplifier is sent to three stages of band-pass filters, consisting of C415-C429,
C486, L404-L406, Q405 and R410. The output from the band-pass filter is directed to the mixer’s
Q407/L407.
7.3.7.2 Local Oscillator (LO)
The Receive VCO (C344-C351, L302, L305, L306, L312-L314, Q311, and Q324) provides the LO
signal. The VCO is running at 45.1 MHz above the desired receive frequency and is applied to output
Buffer Q308/Q416. The output of the buffer is sent through the low-pass filter C430, C431, L409, and
to the mixer Q407/L408.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 53
VHF Band Information
: Theory of Operation7-7
7.3.7.3 Mixer
The mixer is a DBM type (L407, Q407, L408). The mixer LO frequency is 45.1 MHz above the
desired receiver frequency. When the receiver frequency is present, the mixer output will be a
45.1MHz signal. The mixer output is peaked for 45.1MHz at L410, C432 and R413, and the signal is
filtered by crystal filter F402 and amplified by Q408 before being sent to IF IC Q506. The 45.1MHz IF
signal and LO frequency of 44.645 MHz (X501) are mixed in Q506. The 455kHz ceramic filter, F501
or F502, filters the second mixer’s output. The resulting signal is the second IF signal. The mixer’s
output is then fed to the internal limiting amplifier, and consequently to the FM decoder.
7.3.7.4 FM Detector and Squelch
The FM detector output is used for squelch, decoding tones and audio output. The squelch amplifier
is inside of Q506, and its output is fed to an internal rectifier and squelch detector. The output on
Q506 Pin 14 signals the CPU Q101 with a low (~0V) to unmute the radio. The audio is unmuted by
the CPU Q101 Pin 41 switching to a high (5V), thus biasing on Q503. The audio is then routed to the
audio amplifier Q702 via the volume control SW201.
7.3.7.5 Receiver Audio Circuit
The detector’s audio output also is fed to the tone (CTCSS and DCS) low-pass filter Q505A. Then
the output of the low-pass filter is routed to the second stage filter Q505B. The output of Q505B is
passed to Q505C. The output of Q505C is directed to the squaring circuit Q505D, and finally to the
CPU Q101 Pin22 for decoding.
The detector output feeds the audio high-pass filter Q502. The output of the audio high-pass filter
feeds the Volume Control SW201 (VOL). From the wiper arm on the Volume Control, the audio is
routed to Pin 4, which is the input to the audio power amplifier Q702. The output of the audio power
amplifier is routed through the earphone jack J701 to the internal speaker SP701.
7.3.8Battery Section
The battery connects to the contact (CN201). The positive terminal of the battery connects to the
ON/OFF Volume control switch (SW201), and the negative terminal connects to PWB ground. Low
battery is detected by R127/R128 and voltage regulator Q204.
Battery voltage status is monitored by Pin 19 of the CPU Q101 through R127/R128. When the
battery voltage goes below the threshold voltage, “LOW BATT" is displayed on LCD LC101. In the
BATTERY SAVER Mode, the CPU Q101 generates a square wave signal on Pin 37. The signal’s
duty cycle varies according to what the BATTERY SAVE TIMER is set. When the signal goes high
(approximately 5 V), Q210 is biased off, and Q211 is cut off, thus turning the supply off to IF IC Q506.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 54
7-8
7.4Block Diagrams
7.4.1Complete
HPF
Q502
Volume
Q502A
De-emphasis
6 Pole
6 Pole
IF IC Q506
(2nd Mix,2nd Local,IF AMP,DISC,Noise AMP)
IF
AMP
Q408
2-Pole
Filter
F402
Crystal
Q407
Mixer
Q405
2-Pole
Filter
Band Pass
(VR)
SW201
LPF
Q505
Sub Audio
F502
Filter
Ceramic
F501
Filter
Ceramic
X501
2nd Local
44.654MHz
Q416
Local
Buffer
DAC
Audio
Power
IN
DTMF
Detect
RX
AMP
Q702
EXT Audio
Pin 8
PLL
Loop
RX
VCO
AMP
Q414
Buffer
Q413
Pre Driver
PA
Q412
Jack
J701
CN701
Pin37
Pin 11
Q323
Pin 15
Filter
Q314-316
Q311
Q324
38
10
16
39
9
Pin 1
VCO
REG
2
Q308
Buffer
DC/DC
Converter
Q206
Q207
SPK
SP701
(1/2)
TCXO
TX/RX
TX
Q301
TX 5V
X301
Q320
14.4MHz
SW
Q309
VCO
Q325
TX
5V
Q322
Q310
Q326
TX/RX
Q201
Q202
REG/SW
REG
Q204
Sub Audio
Modulator
Filter
Ripple
Audio
Modulator
SW
Q208
Q209
Q322
Q330
Q329
RX
SW
Q211
SAVESWQ210
5V
SAVE 5V
RX 5V
VHF Band Information
SW
N/W
LPF
ATT
CN701CN101
27
27
5V
Q601
Q610B
(Sub Audio)
Q608
Q609
DTMF IN
9
35
9
35
CPU Pin36
DTMF
Q120
Decode
by 2
Q122
Divide
LPF
Q602C,D
VOX
AMP
Q610D
Detect1313
31
31
CPU Pin22
CPU
RC
NETWORK
DC
Pin21
4
4
AMP
Deviation
Limitter
MIC
3
3
Q125
RC
NETWORK
Adj
AMP
AMP
: Block Diagrams
RV601
Q602A
LPF
Q602B
(DTMF)
5V
DAC RX
221516
151622
Q126
DIODE
CPU
Pin87
Q105
Reset
DA
Converter
X,tal
8.38MHz
Shift
Q610A
DAC TX
25 25
Q121
X101
Q102
RF
AMP
2-Pole
Filter
Band Pass
Q404
Q401
ANT
Network
451,452
Matching
L418,419
C446-448,
ANT
Switch
Q409,410
C440-445
L415,L416
Hamonics Filter
AMP
Final
R445
Coupler
Q411
Power
Control
BATTERY
Q419
DAC
TX
+ SW B
PowerSWSW201
Power
Input
Over
Voltage
Protect
Q707-710
Jack
EXT MIC
J701(1/2)
MIC
M101
Q114
EEPROM
CPU
Q101
Key
Pad
LCD
Mon
PTT
LC101
S101
S102
Figure 7-2.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 55
VHF Band Information
7.4.2Controller
MIC
M101
EEPROM
Q114
Key
Pad
PTT
S102
Mon
S101
: Block Diagrams7-9
CN101
27
35
9
13
31
4
3
15
16
22
25
LCD
LC101
CPU
Q101
Shift
Q102
Divide
by 2
Q122
Xtal
8.38MHz
X101
DTMF
Decode
Q120
Reset
Q105
DA
Converter
Q121
RC
NETWORK
RC
NETWORK
CPU
Pin87
CPU Pin36
CPU Pin22
CPU
Pin21
DC
AMP
Q125
DIODE
Q126
Figure 7-3.
7.4.3VCO
RX Local
Buffer
TX
Buffer
VCO
Buffer
Q308
Power
Regulator
RX
VCO
Q311
Q324
DC/DC
Converter
Q301
Loop
Filter
Q314
Q315
Q316
Pin15
16
Pin 1
2
TX
VCO
Q325
Q326
Audio
Modulator
Q329
TX/RX
SW
Q309
Q310
Ripple
Filter
Q330
TX/RX
AudioSub Audio
SW CONTL
5V
Pin 8
PLL
Q323
TCXO
14.4MHz
X301
Q320,322
Sub Audio
Modulator
Q322
Pin11
10
9
DATA
CN701
Pin37
38
39
Figure 7-4.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 56
7-10
7.4.4Transmitter
To Receiver
VHF Band Information
: Block Diagrams
Hamonics
C440-445,L415,416
ANT
+B
7.4.5Receiver
2-Pole
Band Pass
Filter
Q401
Filter
AMP
Q404
Coupler
R445
RF
ANT
Switch
Q409,410
Matching Network
C446-448,451,452
L418,419
Final
AMP
Q411
Power
Control
Q419
2-Pole
Band Pass
Filter
Q405
Mixer
Q407
PA
Q412
DAC
TX
Figure 7-5.
2-Pole
Crystal
Filter
F402
IF
AMP
Q408
TX +B
Pre Driver
Q413
Buffer
AMP
Q414
TX 5V
(2nd Mix,2nd Local,IF AMP,DISC,Noise AMP)
IF IC Q506
P in
VCO
From ANT
Switch
DAC
RX
Local
Buffer
Q416
From
VCO
Figure 7-6.
2nd Local
44.654MHz
X501
6 Pole
Ceramic
Filter
F501
6 Pole
Ceramic
Filter
F502
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 57
VHF Band Information
: Troubleshooting Charts7-11
7.5Troubleshooting Charts
Start
1
Very low or no
12 dB SINAD
Noise at spkr
when radio is
unsqu’d?
YES
Is 1st LO at
C431 >2
dBm?
YES
Inject on channel
signal at RF port,
C429
Is 12 dB
SINAD
-105 dBm?
NO
Inject 45.1
MHz signal at
R413, L411
Is 12 dB
SINAD
-115 dBm?
NO
NO
YES
YES
Noise at pin 9
of IFIC Q506?
Check
VCO/Synth
Inject on
channel signal
at C402
Check
harmonic
filter and
antenna path
Check mixer,
Q407
YES
Check IFIC
Q506 (see
below)
YES
Check IFIC
Is 12 dB SINAD
-116
NO
dBm?
Is 2nd LO on
freq?
YES
Check VDC of
all IFIC pins
Are voltages on
pins OK?
NO
Check external
components
connected to IFIC. If
OK, replace Q506
NO
Is Q404 biased
properly?
YES
NO
Check 2nd LO
XTAL and
components
YES
Check external
connected to IFIC
NO
Are VDC of pin
1(4.79V), 2(4.17V) and
4(4.88V) of IFIC
YES
Check IFIC
(see below)
components
NO
OK?
NO
Inject a 45.1
MHz signal at
R467
Is 12 dB
SINAD
-110 dBm?
NO
YES
1
RF Front & Rear
2 pole filters
Check XTAL filter
F402, L411
Check +5VRX and
Q404 bias circuitry
Troubleshooting Flow
Chart for Receiver
Figure 7-7.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 58
7-12
Start
No
Power
VHF Band Information
: Troubleshooting Charts
1. Check Pin Diodes
2. Check Harmonic Filter
Inspect/Repair
TX Output
Network
Is
Power
OK?
YES
Done
NO
+5VTX and TXB+
YES
Troubleshoot
VCO
Is
OK?
Is
current
OK?
YES
NO
NO
Is
DAC TX High
or Low?
HIGH
Check Pin to
Q419 Pin 1
Is
Pin
OK?
Check
Q201, Q202, Q206
& Q209
LOW
YESNO
Check
Voltages in
Power Control
Circuit
Check
Voltages in
PA Line-up
Troubleshooting Flow Chart
for Transmitter
Figure 7-8.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 59
VHF Band Information
: Troubleshooting Charts7-13
Start
NO
Check Q301,
L303,C303,R301,
C304 & R302
Is Q310 Pin 2
<0.7 VDC in RX &
>4.3 VDC in TX?
NO
Is Q330 corrector
AT4.65 VDC?
Replace
Q201
Correct
Problem
Is Q314 Emitter
AT=13VDC
YES
YES
YES
NO
Fix
Connection
Is
Connection
between Q310
Pin 2 & CN701
Pin 35 OK?
YES
Is RF level
at Q324
between -10 &
+5 dBm?
NO
NO
Replace CN701
NO
Visu al
check of the
Board OK?
YES
+5VQ323
Are signals
at Pins 8 of
YES
at Pins
3, 4
Q323 ?
YES
NO
NO
Check
R358, C312
C313
Is 14.4MHz
Signal at
Q323 Pin 1?
YES
Are Waveforms
at Pins 8 of Q323
NO
YES
Check programming
lines between Q323
Check µP Q101
Troubleshooting
Check 5V
Regulator
Pins 9,10 & 11
Chart
NO
NO
NO
Check
X301,C337,C338,C336
Do Pins
9,10 & 11
of Q323 toggle
when channel is
changed?
YES
Is
information
from µP Q101
correct?
YES
Replace Q323
Replace or
resolder
necessary
components
NO
YES
Are Q308, L301
C308, C310, C309
YES
See VCO
Troubleshooting Chart
Replace Q308
Troubleshooting Flow Chart
for Synthesizer
Figure 7-9.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 60
7-14
NO/DON’T
KNOW
ARE ALERT TONES
ENABLED IN SPM
APPLY POWER TO RADIO AND
NO
WAS GOOD OR BAD POWER-ON
BEEP PRESENT
START
TURN ON
VHF Band Information
: Troubleshooting Charts
YES
USE SPM TO ENABLE TONES
WITH POWER CONNECTED TO RADIO AND THE RADIO TURNED
ON CHECK THE FOLLOWING:
1) 5V AT PIN 87 OF Q101. IF NONE CHECK Q126.
2) WITH HIGH IMPEDANCE PROBE CHECK FOR 8.388608MHZ AT
PIN 13 AND 12 OF Q101, IF NO SIGNAL CHECK/REPLACE X101.
3) CHECK DC AT PIN 9 OF Q121. IF < 4.5VDC CHECK CN101 PIN 15.
4) CHECK FOR TYPICAL VOLTAGES OF Q101 AND Q114 VOLTAGES.
NOTE: Q101 is not replaceable. If Q101 is damaged, the controller and
RF boards both need to be replaced.
YES
WAS GOOD POWER-ON BEEP
PRESENT
YES
DONE
MAIN RADIO BOARDS MUST BE
NO
ARE TONES PRESENT
ON POWER UP AT
CN101 PIN 3?
NO
REPLACED
(RF & CONTROLLER)
YES
DONE
YES
NO
INVOKE FACTORY
RESET IN SPM
WAS GOOD POWER
ON BEEP PRESENT
YES
DONE
AUDIO PROBLEM, TROUBLE-
SHOOT AUDIO CKT
DONE
Troubleshooting Flow Chart
for Microcontroller
Figure 7-10.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 61
VHF Band Information
: Troubleshooting Charts7-15
RX VCO
Low or no Power
at Pin 4 of L408
VisualCheck
of Board OK?
YES
4.65 VDC at
Q416
collector?
YES
1.6 VDC at
Q308 base ?
YES
0.9 VDC at
Q308 emitter
?
NO
NO
NO
NO
Correct
Problem
Make sure Synthesizer is
working correctly.
R311, R322
Replace
R312 or L301
Replace
NO
Low or no power
at Input to PA
NO
of Board OK?
NO
Q308 Base?
YES
NO
Q308 emitter?
Visual check
YES
4.65 VDC
at Q414
collector?
1.6 VDC at
0.9 VDC at
TX VCO
Power OK but no
Modulation
=151 mVrms
at Terminal
of C311?
YES
Supply DC
at Q329?
YES
If C359
is OK, then
replace Q329
NO
NO
Replace
C311
Replace
R347
YES
Q324
emitter at 1.0VDC,
collector at 4.0VDC,
base at 1.7VDC
?
YES
NO
Note: Test Frequency 158MHz
If all parts associated
with those Pin’s are OK,
then replace Q308
If all parts from Q324
of mixer are OK, then
Figure 7-11.
replace Q324
YES
Are Q325Pin’s
NO
emitter at 2.1VDC,
collector at 3.8VDC,
base at 2.9VDC?
YES
If all parts from Q325
Pin 4 to Input of PA are
OK, then replace Q325
Troubleshooting Flow Chart
for VCO
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 62
7-16
VHF Band Information
: Troubleshooting Charts
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 63
7-17
Chapter 7VHF 136-174 MHz Circuit Board/Schematic Diagrams and Parts List
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 64
7-18
Q118
Q119
M101
C142
C141
R109
R108
Q116Q115
LC101
UP
DOWN
R107
C151
C158
C159
C149
Q125
C166
C160
C161
C155
C154
C164
C120
C146
C148
C152
C147
C150
C165
C167
Q123
Q124
SH101
R154
R155
R156
R112
R105
R176
C162 C153
CN101
C156
Q127
C145
R127
R128
C157
R129
R153
B
A
C
D
S102
R103
R119
R104
R138
R137
C104
C163
R136
R175
R102
R135 C134
Q120
C108
R121
C110
R134 C133
Q105
C105
R120
R170
Q122
C103
R101
C109
R183
C106
L112
R158
Q101
R116C132
Q102
R168
C101C102
R110
R117
R167
X101
R118
R169
Q130
R126
C135
R180
C117
C173
R106
C137
Q121
C138
R177
C136
R150
C139
R174
R148
R147
R146
R145
R144
R143
R142
R141
C171
R173
R182
C107
R166
R165
R164
R163
R162
R161
R160
R159
C115
C111
C140
Q114
C129
R115
R114 R113
C112
Q126
C114
1
4
7
*
Figure 7-12. VHF 136-174 MHz Controller Board
2
5
8
0
3
C131
R111
C144
R172
C143
6
S101
R171
Q117
C113
C116
0
#
Top SideBottom Side
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 65
7-19
C618
R628
C707
R716
R717
C708
R627
R626
C628
C719
R703
R642
R643
C626
C621
C622
R705C706
R637
C625
Q701
C704
R702
C703
Q607
C633
C630
R652
Q616
R651
R650
C634
C627
R639
R640
R641
Q609
C520C522
Q503
R549
R548
Q505
C535 R538
C639
Q608
Q502
R631
R658
Q613
R544
C636
Q605
C515
C550
C551
C539
RV602
R656
R657
C721
R718
R716
C606
RV601
C638
R561
Q614
C517
C513
R560
R550
R622
R511
R510
R513
C510
C509
R537
R540
R601
C516
R507
Q509
Q504
C547
C608
C607
R609
R608
C604
R607
C605
C603
R605
C602
R604
R602
C601
C363
R323
C519
R342
Q310
C546
R531
R541
Q507
R530
R349
C361
R350
R336
R335
C317
Q309
Q330
Q319
Q323
C318
X501
L307
C341
C319
Q508
R357
R355
Q316
R443
C308
C362
C339
C337
R319
R321
C530
R542
R444
Q308
L301
C309
C529
C531
C532
R532
R535
R442 C476
Q415
R441
C310
R312
R311
R310
C343
R356
R366
Q315
R316
Q314
R320
C526
C525
L501
R526
C508
R534
C533
C470
Q506
R440
Q414
C369
R314
R315
R317
R365
R318
R527
C527
R506
Q501
R438
R322
R505
R437
R439
C475
R433
R432
C473
C503 R571
C505 R503
L428
C469
R359
R364
C323
C324
C502
R502
CD501
C478
R431
Q416
Q331
R501
C504
C477
R436
R435
Q413
R570
C371
C493
C413
L427
C471
C436
C476
R434
L430
R429
C474
R430
C482
R452
Q417
R451
R450
R447
C205
CN201
R452
R455
C480
C483
Q419
R445
R456
R454
R457
R466
R449
C481
C494
R469
R448
R446
C495
C485
C484
Q418
L429
C431
L409
Q203
C430
C454
C455
C453
R412
R411
C713
Q407
R711
C711
Q211
R207
R208
C209
C214
C213
C217
R206
C211
Q207
Q209
Q208
C429
C427
C210
C428
L406
Q206
R210
C212
C426
R209
R211
C448
R203
C204
R202
C203
Q210
L417
C202
C447
R419
C423
C424
C446
C449
R401
C425
Q202
C207
C410
C487
Q410
L414
Q409
C439
C438
R418
L402
C406
C405
C408
C409
C201
Q201
C208 R201
Q204
C404
Q401
C444
C445
C437
L401
C215
L413
C402
C206
C442
L419
C443
C440
R569
C403
C401
C441
R212
L415
Figure 7-13. VHF 136-174 MHz Main Board Bottom Side
XHKLN4197_PRO2150 Portable Radio User Guide CD (English, Spanish,
and Portuguese)
XDSM4193042Nameplate
x = Indicates one of each is required.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 81
8-3Specifications
8.2Specifications
General
UHF
Frequency:403-440 MHz
435-480 MHz
Channel Capacity:99
Power Supply:7.5 Volts ±20%
Dimensions with Stan-
dard High
Capacity NiMH
Battery:
Weight: with Standard
High Capacity NiMH
Battery:
Average Battery Life @
(5-5-90 Duty Cycle)
Sealing:Passes rain testing per IPX4
Shock and
Vibration:
Dust:Meets MIL STD 810C, D and
Humidity:Weather resistant housing
115.5mm x 56mm x 35mm
350 g
(Low Power)
>11 hrs
(EN60529=1991)
Meets MIL STD 810C, D and
E
E
passes EIA RS-316B
(High Power)
>8 hrs
Receiver
UHF
12.5kHz
Sensitivity
12dB SINAD:
Adjacent Channel
Selectivity EIA
Intermodulation60 dB65 dB
Spur Rejection:60 dB65 dB
Image Rejection:60 dB65 dB
Hum and Noise40 dB
Audio Distortion< 5%
Conducted
Emmision
Audio Output
@ <5% Distortion
0.25 µV0.25 µV
60 dB65 dB
-57 dBm
500 mW500 mW
25kHz
UHF
Transmitter
RF Output
NiMH @ 7.5V:
Channel Spacing12.5/25 kHz
Freq. Stability
(-30°C to +60°C)
Spurs/Harmonics:-26 dBm
Audio Response:
(from 6 dB/oct. PreEmphasis, 300 to
3000Hz)
Audio Distortion:
@ 1000 Hz, 60%
Rated Max. Dev.
FM Noise:40 dB
Low
1W
0.00025%
+1, -3 dB
<5%
UHF
High
4W
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
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8-4
8.3Theory of Operation
8.3.1General Information
Your radio has two printed circuit boards: the Controller board, and the Radio Frequency (RF) board.
The Controller board contains the CPU/Control section. The RF board contains the VCO/Synthesizer
section, Transmitter section, Receiver section, Transmitter Audio circuitry, Receiver Audio circuitry,
and Battery section.
8.3.2Power Distribution
UHF Band Information
: Theory of Operation
Battery
RF PA
Q411
Driver AMP
Q412
Audio Power
AMP
Q702
SAVE SW
Q210
5V REG
Q204
Power
Switch
SW201
+ SW B
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
VCO Buffer
Q308
RX SW
Q211
TX/RX SW
Q208,209
TX REG
Q201,202
Diode
Q126
PLL IC
Q323
RF AMP
Q404
MIC AMP
Q602
Reset
Q105
Ripple Filter
Q318
Local AMP
Q416
Sub Audio
LPF Q610
CPU
EEPROM
Q101
Q114
TX/RX SW
Q317,916
IF AMP
Q408
TX Driver
Q413,414
Divide
by 2
Q122
TX VCO
RX VCO
IF AMP
Q506
RF Power
Converter
Q303,
Q922
Q302,
Q311
Control
Q419
DA
Q121
LPF
Q505
TX +5V
HPF
Q502
RX +5V
DTMF
Decode
Q120
Figure 8-1.
The above figure illustrates the DC distribution throughout the radio board. A battery supplies power
directly to the electronic on/off control. Radio power supply is triggered by the Power Switch (On/
Off/Volume control) and +SW B is distributed as show in the figure. Regulator output 5V is supplied
to the CPU. +SW B continues to support the Audio Power AMP, 5V Regulator, TX Regulator until the
radio is turned off.
The radio can be turned off on two ways:
1. Power Switch turned-off
2. Low Battery
When a low battery level is detected by the CPU, it stores the radio personality data to EEPROM
before turning off the radio.
8.3.3Power up Sequence
1. Power supply is turned on by the On/Off/Volume Control (Power Switch).
2. Power from battery is supplied to the regulator through the switch.
3. Output (5V) from the regulator is directed to the CPU (Q101).
4. Q105 resets the CPU (Q101).
5. The CPU loads radio personality data from EEPROM after the reset.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 83
UHF Band Information
6. This personality data is used to initialize the radio.
7. The radio restores last power up state (i.e. state before the radio was turned-off).
8. Power is supplied to PLL circuitry.
9. Power is supplied to Rx and Rx VCO circuitry.
10. CPU sends data to PLL circuitry. If LOCK status is confirmed, radio continues the power-up
11. If the Rx audio level is less than the pre-programmed squelch level, and other unmuting
: Theory of Operation8-5
sequence. Otherwise, PLL ERR is displayed.
conditions are met, the radio will open squelch.
8.3.4CPU / Control Section
When the radio is turned ON, the CPU (Q101) reads the radio status from the EEPROM Q114. It
also monitors the keypad, the PTT line and other inputs such as the squelch detect, etc.
continuously. When there is a channel change, the CPU sends the correct frequency information to
the synthesizer via pins 1, 2 and 89. The CPU is clocked by the 8.388608MHz oscillator, which is
composed of X101, C101, C106, and R158.
8.3.5VCO / Synthesizer Section
This section consists of the Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator(TCXO), Voltage
Controlled Oscillator(VCO), Synthesizer and the Loop Filter. These circuits are found on the RF
board.
The reference oscillator is a temperature compensated crystal-controlled, Pierce type circuit. It
utilizes a logic gate within Q323 as a gain element. C335 is used to adjust the oscillator on frequency
(14.4MHz) at room temperature (22°C). Temperature variations cause resistance changes in
thermistor R330 and R567, which is on the base of Q320, thus varying the voltage applied to
varactor Q322. This changes the impedance across crystal X301 in a manner complementary to the
temperature drift characteristic of the crystal. In this way, the reference oscillator is held within the
specified ±2.5 PPM from -30 to +60°C.
8.3.5.2 Voltage-Controlled Oscillators
Only one of the VCOs runs at a time, which is controlled by Q317 and Q101. The receive VCO
consists of C311, C314-C316, C913, C940, L302-L306, Q311 and Q302. This VCO oscillates at 45.1
MHz above the programmed receive frequency. The VCO’s oscillating frequency is tuned by the
varactor Q311. The tuning voltage is supplied from the output of the Loop Filter. The output of the
VCO is AC coupled (C311) to the buffer Q308. The output of the VCO buffer Q308 is AC coupled
(C308) to the synthesizer and the output buffer Q416 respectively.
When the PTT is pressed, Q101 pin36 goes low (approx. 0V) disabling the receive VCO by the Q317
and biases on Q916 to enable the transmitter VCO. The transmitter VCO consists of C340, C935-C937, L308-L310, Q303, Q921 and Q922. This VCO oscillates on the programmed transmit
frequency. The VCO’s oscillating frequency is tuned by the varactor Q922. The tuning voltage is
supplied from the output of the Loop Filter. The transmit voltage controlled oscillator is directly
frequency-modulated and operates on the carrier frequency. The synthesizer is tuned in 5.00kHz or
6.25kHz steps.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
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8-6
8.3.5.3 Synthesizer
The frequency synthesizer is a large-scale monolithic synthesizer integrated circuit Q323. The
synthesizer IC contains a dual modulus prescaler, programmable divide-by-N counter, prescale
control (swallow) counter, reference oscillator, reference divider, phase detector, charge pump and
lock detector. Also, included in Q323 are shift registers and control circuits for frequency controls and
general device control.
RF output from the active VCO is AC coupled to the synthesizer Q323 prescaler input at Pin 8. The
divide counter chain in Q323, consisting of the dual-modulus prescaler, swallow counter and
programmable counter, divides the VCO signal down to a frequency very close to 5.00kHz or
6.25kHz which is applied to the phase detector. The phase comparator compares the phase with the
5.00kHz or 6.25kHz reference signal from the reference divider and drives the external charge pump
(Q314, Q315 and Q316). The synthesizer unlock detector circuit prevents the operation of the
transmitter and receiver, when the phase lock loop (PLL) is unlocked. The following discussion
assumes the unit has been placed in the transmit mode. Q323 lock detector Pin 7 goes high when
the PLL is locked. This high level is applied to Pin 25 of the CPU Q101. A software timing routing
brings the RX/TX line low (Pin 36 of Q101). With the RX/TX line goes low, Q209 is cut off and Q208
is biased on passing +5VTX-B to Q202; it biases on Q201 to pass switched TX-B to the transmitter
amplifier string which enables transmission.
When the PLL is unlocked, the lock detector at Q323 Pin 7 will begin pulsing low. A RC circuit
converts this low pulse to a low level for the CPU. The CPU then changes the RX/TX line to a high,
thus signaling the other transistor switches to drive Q201 into cutoff, which disables transmission.
Therefore, the transmitter remains disabled while the loop remains out of lock, and “PLL ERR” is
displayed.
UHF Band Information
: Theory of Operation
8.3.5.4 Loop Filter
The Loop Filter, a passive lead-lag filter consisting of R314-R317, R356, C323, C369, and C371,
integrates the charge pump output to produce the DC turning voltage for the VCO. One parasitic
pole, consisting of RF chokes L306 and L310, prevent modulation of the VCOs by the 5.00kHz or
6.25kHz reference energy remaining at the output of the loop filter. Direct FM is obtained for
modulating frequencies outside the PLL bandwidth by applying the CTCSS/DCS signals and the preemphasized, limited microphone audio to the VCO modulation circuit. The modulation circuit
consists of R929 and Q921.
8.3.6Transmitter Section
8.3.6.1 RF Power Amplifier
After the PTT is pressed, the +5VTX-B line switches to approximately 5V. Q916 is turned on,
enabling transmit VCO. The VCO buffer, pre-driver, driver and power amplifier are biased on by
Q201. Q201 is biased on by the +5VTX-B line switching to 5V. RF output from the transmit
VCO(Q303) is applied to the VCO output buffer Q308. Output from Q308 feeds the buffer Q414. The
output signal from Q414 feeds the pre-driver amplifier Q413, and feeds the driver amplifier Q412,
whose output from the driver stage feeds the final RF power amplifier Q411 to produce the rated
output power of 5 watts. The final output is feed to a low-pass filter (C435-438, C491-C493, L418,
and L430) and then to the transmit/receive switch Q410. RF power is then fed to the antenna via the
output low-pass filter consisting of C439-C444, C475, L414, L415 and L416.
8.3.6.2 Antenna Switching
Switching of the antenna between the transmitter and the receiver is accomplished by the antenna
transmit/receive switch consisting of diodes Q409 and Q410. In the transmit mode, switched TX B+
is applied through R417 and RF choke L417, hard forward biasing the two diodes on Q410, thus
permitting the flow of RF power from the output of the low-pass filter. L419 and C433 isolate the
receiver circuit from the transmitter power input.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 85
UHF Band Information
: Theory of Operation8-7
8.3.6.3 Power Control
Output power is controlled by the CPU (Q101), the D/A converter (Q121), the dual Op-Amp (Q419),
which is used as a differential amplifier and comparator. Current is sensed by the voltage drop
across R442. When the radio is in high power mode, this voltage is compared to the
D/A converter voltage at 5-watt. When the radio is in low power mode, this voltage is compared to
the D/A converter voltage at 1-watt. The power output is then reduced or increased by varying the
applied voltage to the gate of the power amplifier Q411 and Q412.
8.3.6.4 Transmitter Audio Circuits
The transmitter audio circuits consist of the audio processing circuits, the CTCSS circuits and the
DCS circuits.
8.3.6.4.1 Audio Processing
Transmit speech audio is provided by either the internal electric microphone M101 or the external
microphone. The audio is pre-emphasized by 6dB per octave by C615 and R655, and then its signal
is amplified. The microphone audio is directed to amplifier Q602B, Q602A and low-pass filter Q602C
and Q602D. Q602A has limiting function. The modulation adjustment is done by Pot RV601, and
directed to a four-pole active low-pass filter. The resulting signal is then limited, and is directed to a
low pass filter (18dB per octave roll-off above 3KHz). The audio is then directed through the 25KHz/
12.5KHz channel spacing SW Q601 to varactor diode Q329 in transmit VCO. By varying the voltage
on the varactor diode Q329 at an audio rate, VCO output is frequency-modulated.
8.3.6.4.2 CTCSS Tone Encoder / Digital Code Squelch (DCS) Encoder
CTCSS signals and DCS signals are synthesized by CPU Q101 and appear as pulse waveform on I/
O line Pin 7. This I/O line is connected to a digital-to-analog converter network (consisting of C136, C173, R150 and R182), which produces a pseudo-sine wave at its output. The waveform is
smoothed by low pass filters Q610B to produce an acceptable sine wave output. The CTCSS tone
signal is adjusted to the proper level by RV602.
8.3.7Receiver Section
8.3.7.1 Receiver Front End
In the receive mode, the RF signal enters thorough the antenna, then through the low-pass filter
C439-C445, and L414-L416. The diodes Q409 and Q410 are biased off, so that the output of the
low-pass filter is coupled to the first band-pass filter C401-C409, L401, L402, Q401, Q402, R401, R402 and to the Front End RF overload protection diode pair Q403. The signal from the band-pass
filter is directed to the input of the RF amplifier Q404. The output of the RF amplifier is sent to three
stages of band-pass filters, consisting of C413-C417, C419-C422, C487, L405-L407, Q405, Q406
and R408-R410. The output from the band-pass filter is directed to the mixer’s Q407, L408 and
L409.
8.3.7.2 Local Oscillator (LO)
The Receive VCO (C311, C314 -C316, C913, C940, L302- L306, L312-L314, Q311, and Q302)
provides the LO signal. The VCO is running at 45.1 MHz above the desired receive frequency and is
applied to output Buffer Q308 and Q416. The output of the buffer is sent through the low-pass filter
C424, C425, L410, L411 and to the mixer Q407, L408 and L409.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 86
8-8
8.3.7.3 Mixer
The mixer is a DBM type (L408, L409, Q407). The mixer LO frequency is 45.1 MHz above the
desired receiver frequency. When the receiver frequency is present, the mixer output will be a
45.1MHz signal. The mixer output is peaked for 45.1MHz at L412, C426 and R412, and the signal is
filtered by crystal filter F402 and amplified by Q408 before being sent to IF IC Q506. The 45.1MHz IF
signal and LO frequency of 44.645 MHz (X501) are mixed in Q506. The 455kHz ceramic filter, F501
or F502, filters the second mixer’s output. The resulting signal is the second IF signal. The mixer’s
output is then fed to the internal limiting amplifier, and consequently to the FM decoder.
8.3.7.4 FM Detector and Squelch
The FM detector output is used for squelch, decoding tones and audio output. The squelch amplifier
is inside of Q506, and its output is fed to an internal rectifier and squelch detector. The output on
Q506 Pin 14 signals the CPU Q101 with a low (~0V) to unmute the radio. The audio is unmuted by
the CPU Q101 Pin 41 switching to a high (5V), thus biasing on Q503. The audio is then routed to the
audio amplifier Q702 via the volume control SW201.
8.3.7.5 Receiver Audio Circuit
The detector’s audio output also is fed to the tone (CTCSS and DCS) low-pass filter Q505A. Then
the output of the low-pass filter is routed to the second stage filter Q505B. The output of Q505B is
passed to Q505C. The output of Q505C is directed to the squaring circuit Q505D, and finally to the
CPU Q101 Pin22 for decoding.
UHF Band Information
: Theory of Operation
The detector output feeds the audio high-pass filter Q502. The output of the audio high-pass filter
feeds the Volume Control SW201 (VOL). From the wiper arm on the Volume Control, the audio is
routed to Pin 4, which is the input to the audio power amplifier Q702. The output of the audio power
amplifier is routed through the earphone jack J701 to the internal speaker SP701.
8.3.8Battery Section
The battery connects to the contact (CN201). The positive terminal of the battery connects to the
ON/OFF Volume control switch (SW201), and the negative terminal connects to PWB ground. Low
battery is detected by R127/R128 and voltage regulator Q204.
Battery voltage status is monitored by Pin 19 of the CPU Q101 through R127/R128. When the
battery voltage goes below the threshold voltage, “LOW BATT” is displayed on LCD LC101. In the
BATTERY SAVER Mode, the CPU Q101 generates a square wave signal on Pin 37. The signal’s
duty cycle varies according to what the BATTERY SAVE TIMER is set. When the signal goes high
(approximately 5 V), Q210 is biased off, and Q211 is cut off, thus turning the supply off to IF IC Q506.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 87
UHF Band Information
: Block Diagrams8-9
8.4Block Diagrams
8.4.1Complete
HPF
Q502
Q502A
De-emphasis
IF IC Q506
(2nd Mix,2nd Local,IF AMP,DISC,Noise AMP)
IF
AMP
Filter
2-Pole
Crystal
Q407
Mixer
Filter
2-Pole
Band Pass
Q408
F402
Q405,406
(VR)
SW201
Volume
LPF
Sub Audio
Filter
6 Pole
Ceramic
Filter
6 Pole
Ceramic
2nd Local
44.654MHz
Local
Buffer
Q505
F502
F501
X501
Q416
DAC
AMP
Q702
Audio
Power
IN
DTMF
Detect
RX
EXT Audio
Loop
RX
AMP
Q414
Buffer
Q413
Pre Driver
PA
Q412
Jack
CN701
PLL
Filter
VCO
Q323
Pin15
Q311
J701
38
39
Pin37
9
10
Pin11
2
Pin1
16
Q314-316
Q302
VCO
DC/DC
REG
SPK
SP701
TCXO
Q308
Buffer
Q301
Converter
Q206
Q207
(1/2)
X301
14.4MHz
SW
TX/RX
TX
VCO
TX 5V
Q320
Q317
Q916
Q303
Q922
TX
REG/SW
5V
Q322
Q201
REG
TX/RX
Q202
Q204
Sub Audio
Modulator
Filter
Ripple
Audio
Modulator
SW
Q208
Q209
Q322
Q318
Q921
RX
SW
SW
SAVE
Q211
Q210
5V
RX 5V
SAVE 5V
SW
Q601
Q610B,D
(Sub Audio)
Q608
Q609
DTMF IN
9
35
9
35
CPU Pin36
Q120
DTMF
Decode
by 2
Q122
Divide
LPF
VOX
AMP
Detect1313
31
31
CPU Pin22
RC
N/W
LPF
ATT
CN701CN101
27
27
5V
Q602C,D
Q617
4
4
DC
AMP
CPU
Pin21
NETWORK
Deviation
Limitter
MIC
3
3
Q125
RC
NETWORK
Adj
RV601
AMP
Q602A
AMP
Q602B
151622
DIODE
Q105
Reset
5V
Q126
CPU
LPF
DAC RX
221516
Pin87
DA
X,tal
Q610A
(DTMF)
DAC TX
25 25
Q121
Converter
X101
8.38MHz
Shift
Q102
Q114
EEPROM
CPU
Q101
Key
Pad
LCD
Mon
PTT
LC101
S101
S102
RF
AMP
2-Pole
Band Pass
Q404
Filter
Q401,402
ANT
Network
L418,430
C435-438
Matching
C491-493,
ANT
Switch
Q409,410
L414-416
Hamonics Filter
C439,C440-445,C475
Final
AMP
Coupler
Q411
R442
Power
Control
BATTERY
Q419
DAC
TX
SW
Power
Power
+ SW B
SW201
Input
Over
Protect
Voltage
Q707-710
Jack
J701(1/2)
EXT MIC
MIC
M101
Figure 8-2.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 88
8-10
8.4.2Controller
MIC
M101
EEPROM
Q114
Key
Pad
PTT
S102
Mon
S101
Q101
LCD
LC101
CPU
Shift
Q102
Divide
by 2
Q122
Xtal
8.38MHz
X101
Figure 8-3.
DTMF
Decode
Q120
Reset
Q105
DA
Converter
Q121
UHF Band Information
CPU Pin36
CPU Pin22
RC
NETWORK
CPU
Pin21
RC
NETWORK
DIODE
CPU
Pin87
: Block Diagrams
CN101
27
35
9
13
31
DC
AMP
Q125
Q126
4
3
15
16
22
25
8.4.3VCO
RX Local
Buffer
TX
Buffer
VCO
Buffer
Q308
Power
Regulator
RX
VCO
Q311
Q324
DC/DC
Converter
Q301
Loop
Filter
Q314
Q315
Q316
Pin15
16
Pin 1
2
TX
VCO
Q325
Q326
Audio
Modulator
Q329
TX/RX
SW
Q309
Q310
Ripple
Filter
Q330
TX/RX
AudioSub Audio
SW CONTL
5V
Pin 8
PLL
Q323
TCXO
14.4MHz
X301
Q320,322
Sub Audio
Modulator
Q322
Pin11
10
9
DATA
CN701
Pin37
38
39
Figure 8-4.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 89
UHF Band Information
: Block Diagrams8-11
8.4.4Transmitter
To Receiver
Hamonics
C439, C440-445,C475,
ANT
L414-416
+B
8.4.5Receiver
2-Pole
Band Pass
Filter
Q401,402
Filter
Coupler
R442
RF
AMP
Q404
ANT
Switch
Q409,410
Matching Network
C491-493,C435-438
L418,430
Final
AMP
Q411
Power
Control
Q419
Figure 8-5.
2-Pole
Band Pass
Filter
Q405,406
Mixer
Q407
PA
Q412
DAC
TX
2-Pole
Crystal
Filter
F402
IF
AMP
Q408
TX +B
Pre Driver
Q413
TX 5V
(2nd Mix,2nd Local,IF AMP,DISC,Noise AMP)
IF IC Q506
Buffer
AMP
Q414
P in
VCO
From ANT
Switch
DAC
RX
Local
Buffer
Q416
Figure 8-6.
From
VCO
2nd Local
44.654MHz
X501
6 Pole
Ceramic
Filter
F501
6 Pole
Ceramic
Filter
F502
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 90
8-12
8.5Troubleshooting Charts
UHF Band Information
: Troubleshooting Charts
Start
Very low or no 12
dB SINAD
Noise at spkr
when radio is
unsqu’d?
YES
Is 1st LO at
C431 >2
dBm?
YES
Inject on channel
signal at RF port,
C429
Is
12 dB SINAD
-105 dBm?
NO
NO
YES
Noise at pin 9
of IFIC Q506?
Check
VCO/Synth
Inject on
channel signal
at C402
Check IFIC
YES
Check IFIC
Q506 (see
below)
NO
1
Is 2nd LO on
freq?
YES
Check VDC of
all IFIC pins
Are voltages on
pins OK?
NO
Check external
components
connected to IFIC. If
OK, replace Q506
NO
Check 2nd LO
XTAL and
components
YES
Check external
components
connected to IFIC
Are VDC of pin
1(4.79V),2(4.17V) and
4(4.88V) of IFIC
OK?
YES
Check IFIC
(see below)
NO
NO
Inject 45.1
MHz signal at
R413, L411
Is
12 dB SINAD
-115 dBm?
NO
Inject a 45.1
MHz signal at
R467
Is
12 dB SINAD
-110 dBm?
NO
YES
YES
1
Check
harmonic
filter and
antenna path
Check mixer,
Q407
Check XTAL filter
YES
F402, L411
Is 12 dB SINAD
-116
dBm?
Figure 8-7.
NO
I
s Q404 biased
properly?
YES
RF Front & Rear
2 pole filters
NO
Check +5VRX and
Q404 bias circuitry
Troubleshooting Flow Chart
for Receiver
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 91
UHF Band Information
: Troubleshooting Charts8-13
Start
No
Power
1. Check Pin Diodes
2. Check Harmonic Filter
Inspect/Repair
TX Output
Network
Is
Power
OK?
YES
Done
NO
+5VTX and TXB+
YES
Troubleshoot
VCO
Is
OK?
Is
current
OK?
YES
NO
NO
Is
DAC TX High
or Low?
HIGH
Check Pin to
Q419 Pin 1
Is
Pin
OK?
Check
Q201, Q202,Q206
&
Q209
LOW
YESNO
Check
Voltages in
Power Control
Circuit
Check
Vo l t ag e s in
PA Line-up
Troubleshooting Flow Chart
for Transmitter
Figure 8-8.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 92
8-14
Start
UHF Band Information
: Troubleshooting Charts
NO
Check Q301,
L303,C303,R301,
C304 & R302
Is Q310 Pin 2
<0.7 VDC in RX &
>4.3 VDC in TX?
NO
Is Q330 corrector
AT4.65 VDC?
Replace
Q201
Correct
Problem
Is Q314 Emitter
AT=13VDC
YES
YES
YES
NO
Fix
Connection
Is Connection
between Q310
Pin 2 & CN701
Pin 35 OK?
YES
Is RF level at
Q324
between -10 &
+5 dBm?
NO
NO
Replace CN701
NO
Vis ual
check of the
Board OK?
YES
+5VQ323 at
Pins
3, 4
Are signals
at Pin’s 8 of
Q323 ?
YES
YES
NO
NO
Check
R358, C312
C313
Is 14.4MHz
Signal at
Q323 Pin 1?
YES
Are Waveforms
at Pins 8 of Q323
NO
YES
Check programming
lines between Q323
Check µP Q101
Troubleshooting
Check 5V
Regulator
NO
Pins 9,10 & 11
Chart
NO
NO
Check
X301,C337,C338,C336
Do
Pins 9,10 & 11
of Q323toggle
when channel is
changed?
YES
Is information
from µP Q101
correct?
YES
Replace Q323
See VCO
Troubleshooting Chart
Replace Q308
Replace or
resolder
necessary
components
NO
YES
Are Q308, L301
C308, C310, C309
YES
Troubleshooting Flow Chart
for Synthesizer
Figure 8-9.
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 93
UHF Band Information
: Troubleshooting Charts8-15
START
APPLY POWER TO RADIO AND
TURN ON
NO/DON’T
KNOW
USE SPM TO ENABLE TONES
ARE ALERT TONES
ENABLED IN SPM
YES
NO
WAS GOOD OR BAD POWER-ON
WAS GOOD POWER-ON BEEP
BEEP PRESENT
PRESENT
DONE
YES
NO
YES
MAIN RADIO BOARDS MUST BE
REPLACED
(RF & CONTROLLER)
YES
NO
INVOKE FACTORY
RESET IN SPM
WAS GOOD POWER
ON BEEP PRESENT
YES
DONE
DONE
NO
WITH POWER CONNECTED TO RADIO AND THE RADIO TURNED
ON CHECK THE FOLLOWING:
1) 5V AT PIN 87 OF Q101. IF NONE CHECK Q126.
2) WITH HIGH IMPEDANCE PROBE CHECK FOR 8.388608MHZ AT
PIN 13 AND 12 OF Q101, IF NO SIGNAL CHECK/REPLACE X101.
3) CHECK DC AT PIN 9 OF Q121. IF < 4.5VDC CHECK CN101 PIN 15.
4) CHECK FOR TYPICAL VOLTAGES OF Q101 AND Q114 VOLTAGES.
NOTE: Q101 is not replaceable. If Q101 is damaged, the controller and
RF boards both need to be replaced.
ARE TONES PRESENT
ON POWER UP AT
CN101 PIN 3?
YES
AUDIO PROBLEM, TROUBLE-
SHOOT AUDIO CKT
DONE
Troubleshooting Flow Chart
for Microcontroller
Figure 8-10.
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 94
8-16
UHF Band Information
: Troubleshooting Charts
RX VCO
Low or no Power
at Pin 4 of L408
VisualCheck
of Board OK?
YES
4.65 VDC at
Q416
collector?
YES
1.6 VDC at
Q308 base ?
YES
0.9 VDC
at Q308
emitter?
NO
NO
NO
NO
Correct
Problem
Make sure Synthesizer is
working correctly.
R311, R322
R312 or L301
Replace
Replace
Low or no power
NO
NO
NO
NO
at Input to PA
Visual check
of Board OK?
YES
4.65 VDC
at Q414
collector?
1.6 VDC at
Q308 Base?
YES
0.9 VDC at
Q308 emitter?
TX VCO
Power OK but no
Modulation
=151 mVrms
at Terminal
of C311?
YES
Supply DC
at Q329?
YES
If C359
is OK, then
replace Q329
NO
NO
Replace
C311
Replace
R347
YES
Q324
emitter at 1.0VDC,
collector at 4.0VDC,
base at 1.7VDC
?
YES
NO
Note: Test Frequency 158MHz
If all parts associated
with those Pin’s are OK,
then replace Q308
If all parts from Q324
of mixer are OK, then
Figure 8-11.
replace Q324
YES
Are Q325Pin’s
NO
emitter at 2.1VDC,
collector at 3.8VDC,
base at 2.9VDC?
YES
If all parts from Q325
Pin 4 to Input of PA are
OK, then replace Q325
Troubleshooting Flow Chart
for VCO
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
Page 95
8-17
Chapter 8UHF 403-440 MHz Circuit Board/Schematic Diagrams and Parts List
99R85452E01-OAugust 30, 2002
Page 96
8-18
C140
Q121
R126
R110
R116C132
R120
R170
R121
C110
R135 C134
R117
Q102
C109
Q105
Q114
C171
C139
C138
C137
R118
R167
R183
Q122
R134C133
Q120
R173
R174
R168
C106
C135
Q130
C129
R182
R177
R180
C101C102
C117
R169
L112
C103
C136
C173
R158
R101
C105
R115
R150
R106
C107
X1C1
R114 R113
R166
R165
R148
R147
R164
R163
R146
R145
R162
R161
R144
R143
Q101
R160
R159
R142
Q126
C112
C114
C111
C115
R141
C108
C151
C163
C158
R136
C159
C160
C161
C162C153
C155
C154
CN101
C164
C120
C146
C148
C152
C147
C156
C150
C165
Q127
R175
R105
C167
C166
C149
C145
R127
Q123
R129
R128
C157
R102
R176
Q124
Q125
R153
R138
S102
R154
R155
R137
R156
R112
C104
R104
R119
R103
R111
C131
R172
C144
C116
R171
C113
Q117
C143
S101
Figure 8-12. UHF 403-440 MHz Controller Board
August 30, 200299R85452E01-O
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8-19
Q118
Q119
R107
C142
C141
LC101
R109
R108
Q116Q115
M101
Figure 8-13. UHF 403-440 MHz Top Side Controller Board