Motorola 89FT7007 Users Manual

iO1000

Wireless Modem

Detailed Service Manual

68P02953C80-O

7 OCT 1999

Manual Revisions

Changes that occur after this manual is printed are described in the Field Manual Revisions (FMRs). The FMRs provide the most current instructions and component information.

Motorola products described in this manual may include copyrighted Motorola computer programs stored in semiconductor memories or other media. Laws in the United States and other countries preserve for Motorola certain exclusive rights for copyrighted computer programs, including the exclusive right to copy or reproduce in any form the copyrighted computer program. Accordingly, any copyrighted Motorola computer programs contained in the Motorola products described in this manual may not be copyrighted or reproduced in any manner without the express written permission of Motorola. Furthermore, the purchase of Motorola products shall not be deemed to grant either directly or by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any license under the copyrights, patents, or patent applications of Motorola, except for the normal non-exclusi ve ro yalty-free license to use that arises by operation of law in the sale of the product.

Trademarks

The following is a registered trademark of Motorola, Inc.:

iDEN

® Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off.

All other trademarks mentioned in this manual are trademarks of their respective companies.

Patent Information

This product is protected under one or more of the following patents:

4817157, 4896361, 4857928, 5041793, 5060294, 5066923, 5134718, 5140156, 5239963, 5257411, 5287387, 5265219, 5289504, 5316168, 5317247, 5338396, 5389927, 5406588, 5424921, 5457376, 5460906, 5551063, 5557079, 5596487, 5615412, 5638403, 5559468, 5469465, 5170413, 5140615, 5519730, 5241544, 5584059, 5574992, 5396656, 5487091, 5533004, 5299199, 5343499, 5369501, 5509031, 5515379, 5528723, 5598417, 5066923, 5241650, 5278833, 5359696, 5548631, 5410632, 5440582, 5457735, 5457818, 5471670, 5477550, 5481537, 5566181, 5229767, 5208804, 5295140, 5381449, 5440590, 5467398, 5490230, 5620242, 5623523, 5655913

SAFETY AND GENERAL INFORMATION

IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON SAFE AND EFFICIENT

OPERATION. READ THIS INFORMATION BEFORE USING YOUR

INTEGRATED MULTI-SERVICE RADIO PRODUCT.

For the Safe and Efﬁcient Operation of Your Radio, Observe these Guidelines:

Your radio contains a transmitter and a receiver. When it is ON , it receives and transmits radio frequency (RF) energy. The radio operates in the frequency range of 806 MHz to 866 MHz and employs digital modulation techniques. This product is authorized under FCC Rule Part 47CFR 2. 1091 (b), which states that it should be used in such a way that a separation distance of at least 8 inches (20 cms) is normally maintained between the radio’s antenna and the body of the user or nearby persons. When you use your radio product, the system handling your call, controls the power level at which your radio product transmits. The output power level typically may vary over a range from 0.0024 watts to 0.7 watts.

Exposure To Radio Frequency Energy

Your Motorola Radio Product is designed to comply with the following national and international standards and guidelines regarding exposure of human beings to radio frequency electromagnetic energy:

• United States Federal Communications Commission, Code of Federal Regulations; 47 CFR part 2 sub-part J

• American National Standards Institute (ANSI) IEEE. C95. 1-1992

• National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). Report 86

• International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) 1998

• European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), ENV 50166-2, 1995 E

• National Radiological Protection Board of the United Kingdom, GS 11, 1988

• Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker (VDE) DIN0848

• Department of Health and Welfare Canada. Safety Code 6

Antenna and Installation Considerations

• All equipment must be properly installed in accordance with Motorola installation instructions.

• To assure compliance with United States FCC regulations on RF exposure, the user of the equipment must position the antenna in such a way to maintain a separation of at least 8 inches (20 cms) between the antenna and the body of any user and nearby person.

• Ensure that the antenna is properly installed external to the vehicle and in accordance with the requirements of the antenna manufacturer/supplier.

• Use only the supplied or an approved antenna. Unauthorized antennas, modiﬁcations, or attachments could impair call quality, damage the modem, or result in violation of the ICNRP or the FCC.

Interference to Medical and Personal Electronic Devices

Most electronic equipment is shielded from RF energy. However, certain equipment may not be shielded against RF signals from your radio radio product.

Pacemakers

Do not operate the radio when any person is within 6 inches (0.15 meters) of the antenna. That person may be using a pacemaker, a hearing aid or other personal electronic device which may not be adequately shielded.

Hearing Aids

Some radio products may interfere with some hearing aids. In the event of such interference, you may want to consult your hearing aid manufacturer to discuss alternatives.

Other Medical Devices

If you use any other personal medical device, consult the manufacturer of your device to determine if it is adequately shielded from external RF energy. Your physician may be able to assist you in obtaining this information.

iii

INTERFERENCE TO OTHER

ELECTRONIC DEVICES

W A R N I N G

RF energy may affect improperly installed or inadequately shielded electronic operating and entertainment systems in motor vehicles. Check with the manufacturer or representative to determine if these systems are adequately shielded from external RF energy. Also check with the manufacturer of any equipment that has been added to the vehicle.

SAFETY AND GENERAL

USE WHILE DRIVING

Check the laws and regulations on the use of radio products in the area where you drive. Always obey them.

When using the radio product while driving, please:

• Give full attention to driving and to the road

• Pull off the road and park before using the product if driving conditions so require.

OPERATIONAL

WARNINGS

W A R N I N G

POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES

Turn off your radio product when you are in any area with a potentially explosive atmosphere, unless it is a radio product type especially qualiﬁed for use in such areas (for example, Factory Mutual Approved). Sparks in a potentially explosive atmosphere can cause an explosion or ﬁre resulting in bodily injury , or even death.

Note:

The areas with potentially explosive atmospheres referr ed to above include fueling ar eas such as: below decks on boats; fuel or chemical transfer or storage facilities; areas where the air contains chemicals or particles such as grain, dust or metal powders; and any other area where you would normally be advised to turn off your vehicle engine. Areas with potentially explosive atmospheres are often, but not always posted.

Do not transport or store ﬂammable gas, liquid, or explosives in the compartment of your vehicle which contains your radio or accessories.

In the United States, Vehicles powered by liqueﬁed petroleum gas (such as propane or butane) must comply with the National Fire Protection Standard (NFPA-58). For a copy of this standard, contact the National Fire Protection Association. One Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269, Attn: Publications Sales Division.

OPERATIONAL

W A R N I N G

BLASTING CAPS AND AREAS

To avoid possible interference with blasting operations, turn off your radio product when you are near electrical blasting caps, in a blasting area, or in areas posted: "Turn of f two-way radio". Obey all signs and instructions.

FOR VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH AN AIR BAG

An air bag inﬂates with great force. DO NOT place objects, including communication equipment, in the area over the air bag or in the air bag deployment area. If the communication equipment is improperly installed and the air bag inﬂates, this could cause serious injury.

Installation of vehicle communication equipment should be performed by a professional installer/ technician qualiﬁed in the requirements for such installations. An air bag’s size, shape,and deployment area can vary by vehicle make, model, and front compartment conﬁguration (for example, bench seat vs. bucket seats).

WARNINGS

OPERATIONAL

CAUTION

C a u t i o n

DAMAGED ANTENNAS

Do not use any radio product with a damaged antenna. If a damaged antenna comes into contact with your skin, a minor burn can result.

CLEANING INSTRUCTIONS

Clean the external surfaces of the radio product with a damp cloth, using a mild solution of dishwashing detergent and water. Some household cleaners may contain chemicals that could seriously damage the radio product. Avoid the use of any petroleum-based solvent cleaners. Also, avoid applying liquids directly on the radio product.

Contact the vehicle manufacturer’s corporate headquarters, if necessary, for speciﬁc air bag information for the vehicle make, model, and front compartment conﬁguration involved in your communication equipment installation.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

FOR EVERY MANUFACTURER TO WHOM THESE PRODUCTS ARE RESOLD

iO1000 modems that we are supplying to you for incorporation into the ﬁnal product are components that when connected to the power supply can receive and transmit radio signals. In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission requires that many radio transmitting devices must obtain approv al before being offered on the market, unless the device is exempt

While the iO1000 modem has been designed to meet applicable FCC requirements, provided in the code of Federal Regulation 47CER part II subpart J and 47CER part S, the Final Product’s compliance with the FCC’s requirements, including RF energy exposure requirements, must reﬂect product usage, positioning of the iO1000 within the product, the type of antenna used, the,location of the antenna, and other factors that may vary with the design and nature of the Final Product. Therefore, compliance with such FCC requirements can only be determined by an assessment of the Final Product.

It is important that any manufacturer to whom the iO1000 modem is resold for use in the Final Product also recognize that he/she will have the responsibility for taking all necessary steps to ensure that the Final Product meets any applicable FCC requirements and for obtaining any necessary approval from the FCC for sale and operation of the Final Product. To the extent that this may require development of user information or guidance to be provided to each purchaser of the Final Product, this will also be the responsibility of the manufacturer.

iO1000 Detailed Service Manual - MODEL SPECIFICATIONS FOR F2581A

MODEL SPECIFICATIONS FOR F2581A

GENERAL

FCC Designation: Receiver Type: RF Pulse Avg. Power:

Temperature Range: Frequency Range:

Operating:

Storage (w/o battery):

Supply Voltage: Frequency Stability: Locked to base:

Nominal: Range:

Dimensions (H x W x D) 111.5 x 56.5 x 27.5 mm 851-866 MHz:

Weight (with lithium battery):

Modulation Type

–25°C to +60°C Bandwidth: –40°C to +85°C

Channel Spacing:

3.6 Vdc Locked to base:

3.4 to 3.8 Vdc Not locked to base:

Sensitivity (10%) BER: Spurious Emissions:

Selectivity:

126 g

25 kHz Adjacent Channel:

Quad 4/16/64

QAM

Image (typical):

RECEIVER TRANSMITTER

851-866 MHz Frequency Range:

15 MHz 806-821 MHz

25 kHz Frequency Stability:

0.2 ppm Not locked to base: 5 ppm

– 111 dBm Conducted:

60 dB Radiated: 55 dB

Emissions Designator:

Adjacent Channel Power at +/- 25kHz

Speciﬁcations subject to change without notice.

0.6 W

0.2 ppm 5 ppm

– 43 dBW

20K0D7W

-60dB

vii

MODEL SPECIFICATIONS FOR F2581A

viii

iO1000 Detailed Service Manual - OVERVIEW

INTRODUCTION

The iO1000 Detailed Service Manual contains the information necessary to identify and ﬁx problems in the iO1000 OEM Module. This unit is based on digital technology and is designed to operate on integrated Digital-Enhanced Network (iDEN) systems.

Service for the iO1000 unit is based on the substitution method: a faulty part is replaced by a working one, providing quick service to the customer. For example, if the battery is faulty, it is replaced. If the unit requires more complete testing or service than is available at the basic level, it is sent to the ﬁeld-level service facility, serviced, and returned to the iDEN Customer Care Center (ICC).

CHAPTER 1

O VER VIEW

Note: Before operating or testing this unit, please read the Safety and General

Information section in the front of this manual.

Digital Modulation Technology

The iO1000 is an 806-866 MHz unit that can operate in three modes: dispatch ,

interconnect , and multi-service . It uses two digital technologies: Quad 16QAM

and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA).

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is a modulation technique that trans-

mits information by altering the amplitude and phase of the radio frequency (RF) signal. Data is converted into complex symbols, which alter the RF signal and transmit the information. When the signal is receiv ed, the amplitude and phase are converted back into symbols and then into the original data.

In 16QAM, each of the 16 possible combinations of four bits is converted into a unique amplitude and phase. The traditional 25 kHz channel used for two-way radios is split into four 16QAM signals (subcarriers) that are transmitted simultaneously. This technique can transmit 64 kbps in a single 25 kHz channel.

The signal spectrum of the Quad 16QAM is shown in Figure 1 on page 2.

Power

(dB)

RL 0dBm 10 dB/

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

OVERVIEW: Digital Modulation Technology

-70

0-10-20 10 20

Frequency from Desired Channel Center

(kHz)

Figure 1. Spectrum of IDEN Quad 16QAM

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) is used to allocate portions of the RF sig-

nal by dividing time into six slots, one for each unit. Time allocation enables each unit to transmit its voice information without interference from another unit’s transmission.

Transmission from a unit or base station is accommodated in time-slot lengths of 15 milliseconds and frame lengths of 90 milliseconds (see Figure 2 on page 3).

iO1000 Detailed Service Manual - OVERVIEW

Base Station Control Channel

Transmitting 6 of 6 slots continually.

90ms 90ms

15ms

90ms 90ms

Receiver 4ms delayed

Portable Unit

When turned on, scans for control station, then transmits one slot every six slots.

90ms 90ms

15ms

90ms 90ms

Transmitter 4ms delayed

15ms15ms 15ms15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms

15ms15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms

15ms15ms 15ms15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms

15ms15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms 15ms

Figure 2. iDEN TDM Format

Note that Rx (outbound) indicates base-to subscriber transmissions; Tx (inbound) indicates subscriber-to-base transmissions. The slots are paired and have a ﬁxed offset of 19 milliseconds; their timings are synchronized by the iDEN system. The TDMA technique requires sophisticated algorithms and one digital-signal processor (DSP) to perform voice compression/decompression and RF modulation/ demodulation.

Voice Compression Technology

Voice is converted into a digital bit stream by sampling the voice signal at a high rate and converting the samples into numbers, which are represented by bits. A sample consists of eight bits. Approximately 8,000 samples per second (64 kbps) are required to maintain a reasonable quality.

Voice compression reduces the number of bits per second while maintaining the

voice at an acceptable quality level. The iDEN system uses a coding technique called Vector Sum Excited Linear Prediction (VSELP) to compress voice to 4.2 or

8.0 kbps. The compressed voice-data bits modulate the RF signal. The compression rate is based on the type of call (dispatch or interconnect) and the network conﬁguration established by the local service provider.

Adding error-correction bits to the coded-voice bits increases the required RFtransmission bit rate to approximately 7.4 kbps for the 4.2 kbps voice coder and

14.8 kbps for the 8.0 kbps voice coder.

RF Transmission Bursts

All RF transmissions within an iDEN system occur in 15-millisecond blocks called bursts . An iDEN base station transmits bursts continuously on each RF frequency it uses. Transmission bursts from the stations are synchronized in time by signals received from the global positioning satellite (GPS) system. Each burst is numbered; the number is referred to as the slot number. All bursts occurring at a given time carry the same slot number.

Inbound transmission bursts (sent from the unit) are offset 19 milliseconds from the outbound burst; the inbound burst begins 4 milliseconds after the end of the outbound burst (see Figure 2 on page 3). This offset in time allows the unit to appear capable of transmitting and receiving at the same time (it actually is switching rapidly back and forth between receiving and transmitting).

OVERVIEW: Voice Compression Technology

In current iDEN systems, outbound transmissions range from 851-866 MHz; inbound transmissions are 45 MHz lower in frequency.

An iDEN channel is created by grouping bursts so that their slot numbers differ by a number referred to as the repetition rate. The portable uses two repetition rates for interconnect voice calls: 6:1 and 3:1. A single frequency can handle six calls using a 6:1 repetition rate with the 4.2 kbps coder. Dispatch calls always use this rate. However, the audio quality of the 3:1 repetition rate with the 8.0 kbps coder is superior to the 6:1 rate with the 4.2 kbps coder. Most service providers conﬁgure the system and unit to allow only the 3:1 rate for interconnect calls.

Calls are setup on a primary control channel (PCCH) in response to a request from a unit or a regular telephone connected to the Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN). The PCCH is established by the base station equipment; typically, it is a 6:1 channel.

The outbound PCCH carries system information and “pages” to speciﬁc subscriber units and asks them to respond if they are available for a call. Inbound PCCH transmissions carry responses to the “pages” and requests by subscriber units to set up calls. Inbound transmissions on the primary control channel only take 7.5 milliseconds and may be timed to occur in either half of a 15-millisecond burst.

Using the above techniques, the iDEN system can operate six voice channels simultaneously in dispatch mode or three voice channels simultaneously in interconnect mode on a single RF carrier at 25 kHz bandwidth.

iO1000 Detailed Service Manual - CHAPTER 2

This section provides a detailed theory of operation for the iO1000 OEM module and its components: the receiver , transmitter , frequency generation unit, logic unit, and the audio and data circuits.

Block Diagram Description

The below ﬁgure shows the hardware block diagram of the iO1000 OEM Module. This module includes two boards:RF and Logic.

CHAPTER 2 THEOR Y OF OPERATION

RF Board

RS-232/SB9600/JTAG

Opt_Sel

Audio

DC Power

On/Off Control

LOGIC

BOARD

SPI

SSI

.Misc

BOARD

Antenna

Connector

Figure 3. RF and Logic Connection Diagram

The RF board is an 800 MHz RF transceiver. It includes frequency synthesizers, the transmitter circuitry, 0.6 Watt transmit power circuitry, receiver circuitry, and electronic T/R switch.

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