Mitsubishi S12U, S16U Maintance Manual
October 2003
OPERATION&MAINTENANCE MANUAL
OPERATION &
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Printed in Japan
Pub.No.
NOTE
The operator and supervisor are requested to read this
Operation and Maintenance Manual carefully before
operating the engine or conducting inspection and
maintenance.
Never operate the engine or conduct maintenance work
without completely understanding this manual.
Pub.No.
October 2003
99080-20120
99080-20120
INTRODUCTION
This manual contains information for operation, inspection and maintenance of the Mitsubishi Engines.
Please read this manual carefully to understand the operation, inspection and maintenance procedures in
order to use the engine properly.
Failure to follow directions in this manual can lead to serious accidents.
Pub.No.
99080-20120
INTRODUCTION
Limited Warranty
The manufacturer, at its option, will repair or replace any parts returned intact to the manufacturer only when
the manufacturer, upon inspection, determines to be defective in material and/or workmanship.
The foregoing shall constitute the limited warranty provided by the manufacturer.
The manufacturer will provide the limited warranty only to the user with whom the manufacturer concludes the
original contract, and shall not provide the limited warranty to a user to whom the ownership of the product
may be transferred.
• The manufacturer makes no warranties, either express or implied, except as provided in this manual, includ-
ing without limitation thereof, warranties as to marketability, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose
or use, or against infringement of any patent.
• The manufacturer will not be liable for any damages or consequential damages, including without limitation
thereof, damages or other costs resulting from any abuse, misuse, misapplication of the engine and devices
supplied by the manufacturer.
• The manufacturer will not be liable for any damages or personal injuries resulting from any modification,
without the manufacturer's written permission, of the engine and devices supplied by the manufacturer.
• The manufacturer will not be liable for any damages or production losses caused by the use of fuel, engine
oil and/or long life coolant that are not recommended by the manufacturer.
Important Information
• To avoid potential hazard, accident prevention
activities must be planned methodically and con-
ducted continually by considering all aspects of
engine operation, maintenance and inspection.
Everyone including managers and supervisors
should actively participate, recognize one's role
and organize oneself and one's work to ensure a
safe environment.
• The foremost safety objective is to prevent acci-
dents which could result in injury or death, or
damage equipment.
• Observe all related federal/national and local
codes and regulations to reduce the possibility of
personal injury.
• The manufacturer cannot foresee all potential
danger of the engine, potential danger resulting
from human error and others, or danger caused
by a specific environment in which the engine is
used.
Since there are many actions that cannot be per-
formed or must not be performed, it is not possi-
ble to indicate every caution in this manual or on
warning labels. As such, it is extremely important
to follow directions in this manual and also to take
general safety measures when operating, main-
taining and inspecting the engine.
• This manual has been prepared for people whose
native language is English. When the engine is
used by individuals whose native language is not
English, the customer is requested to provide
thorough safety guidance to the operators. Also
add safety, caution and operating signs that
describe the original warning label statements in
the native language of the operators.
• The engine must be operated, maintained and
inspected only by qualified persons who have
thorough knowledge of engines and their danger
and also received danger avoidance training.
• To prevent occurrence of an accident, do not
attempt to carry out any operation other than
those described in this manual, or to use the
engine for any unapproved purpose.
• When the ownership of the engine is transferred,
be sure to provide this manual with the engine to
the new owner. Also inform the manufacturer of
INTRODUCTION
the name and address of the new owner of the
engine.
• This manual is copyrighted and all rights are
reserved. The drawings and technical reference,
including this manual, may not, in whole or in
part, be duplicated, photocopied, translated, or
reproduced in any electronic medium or machine
readable form without prior written consent from
the manufacturer.
• The contents in this manual are subject to change
without notice for improvement of the engine.
• Your engine may differ from the photographs and
figures in this manual.
Please note that, depending on specifications,
items described in this manual may differ from
those on your engine in shape, or may not be
installed on your engine.
• If you need more detailed information or have
questions, contact a Mitsubishi dealer.
• If this manual is misplaced, obtain a new copy
from a Mitsubishi dealer as soon as possible.
INTRODUCTION
Warnings
The following two methods are used to call the attention of the operators and maintenance personnel to the
potential danger of the engine.
• Warning statements in the manual
• Warning labels affixed on the engine
Warning Statements
The warning statements in this manual describe potential danger in operating, inspecting or maintaining the
engine by using the following five classifications to indicate the degree of potential hazard. Failure to follow
these directions can lead to serious accidents which can result in personal injury, or death in the worst case.
Indicates a highly hazardous situation which, if not avoided, can result in
death or serious injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, can result
in death or serious injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, can result
in minor or moderate injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, can result
in property damage.
Note Indicates important information or information which is useful for engine
operation.
INTRODUCTION
Explanation of Terms
Abbreviations, Standards and Others
• API = American Petroleum Institute
• ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials
• JIS = Japanese Industrial Standards
• MIL = Military Specifications and Standards (U.S.)
• MSDS = Material Safety Data Sheet
• SAE = Society of Automotive Engineers (U.S.)
• LLC = Long Life Coolant
Units of Measurement
Measurements are based on the International System of Units (SI), and they are converted to the metric sys-
tem units in this manual based on the following conversion rates.
• Pressure: 1 MPa = 10.197 kgf/cm
• Torque: 1 N⋅m = 0.10197 kgf⋅m
• Force: 1 N = 0.10197 kgf
• Horsepower: 1 kW = 1.341 HP = 1.3596 PS
• Meter of mercury: 1 kPa = 0.7 cmHg
• Meter of water: 1 kPa = 10.197 cmH
-1
• Engine speed: 1 min
= 1 rpm
2
2O (cmAq)
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 BASIC SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Warning Fire and Explosion ...............1-1
Keep flames away............................................ 1-1
Keep engine and surrounding area clean ........ 1-1
Never open crankcase until engine cools ........ 1-1
Check for fuel, oil and exhaust gas leaks......... 1-1
Use flameproof light ......................................... 1-1
Do not short electrical wires ............................. 1-1
Keep fire extinguishers and first-aid kit
nearby .............................................................. 1-1
Warning Stay Clear of All Rotating and
Moving Parts........................................1-2
Install protective covers on rotating parts......... 1-2
Check surrounding area for safety ................... 1-2
Stay clear of all rotating and moving parts while
engine is operating........................................... 1-2
Lock out and Tag out ....................................... 1-2
Always stop engine before inspection and
maintenance..................................................... 1-2
Always return turning tools to original
position............................................................. 1-2
Warning Be Careful of Burns..............1-3
Do not touch engine during operation or
Engine Oil and LLC............................. 1-4
Use only specified fuel, engine oil and coolant
(LLC).............................................................. 1-4
Handle LLC carefully........................................ 1-4
Properly dispose of drained oil and LLC .......... 1-4
Caution Service Battery ..................... 1-5
Handle battery carefully ................................... 1-5
Caution When Abnormality Occurs.... 1-5
If engine overheats, conduct cooling operation
before stopping engine..................................... 1-5
If engine stops due to abnormality, exercise caution
when restarting................................................. 1-5
If engine oil pressure drops, stop engine
immediately ...................................................... 1-5
Caution Other Cautions ..................... 1-6
Never modify engine ........................................ 1-6
Never break seals ............................................ 1-6
Perform all specified pre-operation inspections and
periodic inspections.......................................... 1-6
Perform engine break-in................................... 1-6
Warm up engine before use............................. 1-6
Never operate engine under overload
condition ........................................................... 1-6
Conduct cooling operation before stopping
immediately after operation.............................. 1-3
Open radiator filler cap carefully ...................... 1-3
Add coolant only after coolant temperature
drops ................................................................ 1-3
Do not dismount heat protection covers........... 1-3
Warning Be Careful of Exhaust Fume
Poisoning.............................................1-3
Perform engine operation in a well-ventilated
site ................................................................... 1-3
Warning Protect Ears from Noises .....1-3
Wear earplugs.................................................. 1-3
Warning Be Careful When Lifting
Engine .................................................1-4
Lifting engine carefully ..................................... 1-4
Do not climb onto engine ................................. 1-4
Always watch your footing................................ 1-4
Caution Be Careful of Handling Fuel,
engine .............................................................. 1-6
Do not splash water on engine......................... 1-6
Conduct proper maintenance of air cleaner/pre-
cleaner ............................................................. 1-7
Observe safety rules at workplace ................... 1-7
Wear proper work clothes and protective gear. 1-7
Use appropriate tools for maintenance work.... 1-7
Cautions concerning transportation ................. 1-7
Do not operate engine continuously under low
load .................................................................. 1-7
Ventilate the engine room sufficiently .............. 1-7
Do not touch high-pressure injection fuel ......... 1-7
Caution About Warning Labels .......... 1-8
Maintain and inspect warning labels ................ 1-8
Warning labels ................................................. 1-9
CONTENTS-1
CONTENTS
Chapter 2
NAME OF PARTS
Engine External Diagrams...................2-1
S12U Left View ................................................ 2-1
S12U Right View .............................................. 2-1
S16U Left View ................................................ 2-2
S16U Right View ............................................. 2-2
Equipment and Instrument ..................2-3
Starting and Shutdown Devices ....................... 2-3
Start Switch ............................................................. 2-3
Stop Switch ............................................................. 2-3
Start Lever ................................................................ 2-3
M
anual Stop Lever.................................................... 2-3
Instruments..........................................2-4
Tachometer............................................................... 2-4
Hour Meter................................................................ 2-4
Oil Pressure Gage .................................................... 2-4
Oil Temperature Gage.............................................. 2-4
Jacket Coolant Temperature Gage........................... 2-4
Oil Cooler Coolant Temperature Gage..................... 2-4
Air Cooler Coolant Temperature Gage ..................... 2-4
Jacket Coolant Pressure Gage................................. 2-4
Oil Cooler Coolant Pressure Gage ........................... 2-4
Air Cooler Coolant Pressure Gage ........................... 2-4
Exhaust Temperature Gage ..................................... 2-4
Fuel Pressure Gage.................................................. 2-4
Inlet Pressure Gage.................................................. 2-4
Engine Protection Devices ..................2-5
Low Oil Pressure Alarm............................................ 2-5
High Coolant Temperature Alarm ............................. 2-5
Oil Filter Clog Alarm.................................................. 2-5
Overspeed Alarm...................................................... 2-5
Using Turning Gear .............................2-6
Chapter 3 OPERATION
Preparation for Operation of New or
Overhauled Engine..............................3-1
Fuel System ..................................................... 3-1
Pouring fuel............................................................... 3-1
Bleeding Fuel System............................................... 3-2
Bleeding Air from Fuel Filters
(Wire-Element Type)................................................. 3-2
Bleeding Air from Fuel Feed Pipe............................. 3-3
Lubricating System........................................... 3-4
Pouring engine oil..................................................... 3-4
Cooling System ................................................ 3-5
Pouring coolant......................................................... 3-5
Electrical Systems............................................ 3-6
Checking Battery.............................................. 3-6
Electrolyte level..........................................................3-6
Checking specific gravity of electrolyte......................3-6
Checking loosened wire ................................... 3-6
Checking Valves for Open/Closed Position...... 3-7
Test Operation ................................................. 3-7
Normal Engine Operation ................... 3-8
Preparations for Operation
(Pre-Start Inspection) ....................................... 3-8
External Inspection....................................................3-8
Cleaning Fuel Filters (Wire-Element Type)................3-8
Checking Fuel Level in Tank .....................................3-9
Draining Water from Fuel Tank..................................3-9
Checking Engine Oil Level.........................................3-9
Checking Coolant Level...........................................3-10
Inspection of Air Cleaner Indicator...........................3-10
Draining Water from Air Starter Tank ......................3-11
Inspection of Air Tank Air Pressure .........................3-11
Starting.............................................. 3-12
Warming-up Operation ................................... 3-12
Inspection of Oil Pressure........................................3-12
External Inspection during Warming-up...................3-12
Operation ....................................................... 3-13
Inspection During Operation....................................3-13
Stopping ......................................................... 3-14
Emergency Stop............................................. 3-14
Inspection After Stopping ............................... 3-14
Chapter 4 MAINTENANCE
Cautions Concerning Maintenance..... 4-1
Stop the engine before checking or adding fuel, oil or
coolant. ......................................................................4-1
Handle electrolyte carefully........................................4-1
Handle LLC carefully. ................................................4-1
Always wear protective gear......................................4-1
Use recommended fuel, engine oil and coolant.........4-1
Perform all specified pre-start inspections and periodic
inspections.................................................................4-1
Use only genuine Mitsubishi parts.............................4-1
Fuel ..................................................... 4-2
Recommended Fuel ......................................... 4-2
Handling Fuel ................................................... 4-2
Engine Oil ........................................... 4-4
Recommended Engine Oil ............................... 4-4
CONTENTS-2
CONTENTS
Selection of Oil Viscosity .......................................... 4-4
Handling Engine Oil ......................................... 4-5
Coolant ................................................4-6
Recommended Coolant ................................... 4-6
Long Life Coolant (LLC)................................... 4-6
Recommended LLC ......................................... 4-7
Features and Performance of Recommended
LLC .................................................................. 4-7
Maintenance of LLC ......................................... 4-7
Replacement timing of LLC ...................................... 4-7
LLC concentration..................................................... 4-7
Importance of LLC............................................ 4-8
Characteristics of LLC Additive and Important
Notes................................................................ 4-8
Examples of Abnormalities Caused by LLC..... 4-8
Pitting on iron parts................................................... 4-8
Corrosion of aluminum parts..................................... 4-8
Pitting and clogging of radiator ................................. 4-8
Filters...................................................4-9
Electrical Parts.....................................4-9
Cautions in Operating Engine in Cold
Weather Season................................4-10
Fuel ................................................................ 4-10
Engine Oil....................................................... 4-10
Coolant........................................................... 4-10
Battery............................................................ 4-10
Maintenance After Cold Season .................... 4-10
General definition of emergency engine....................5-2
General definition of general-purpose engine............5-2
Periodic Maintenance Chart for Engine in
Regular Use ........................................ 5-3
Periodic Maintenance Chart for
Emergency Engine.............................. 5-8
Periodic Maintenance Chart for General-
Purpose Power Supply Engine ......... 5-13
Chapter 6 PERIODIC INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
Fuel System ........................................ 6-1
Draining Water from Fuel Filters
(Wire-Element Type)..................................................6-1
Draining Water from Fuel Filters
(Center-Bolt Type) .....................................................6-1
Draining Water from Fuel Tank..................................6-2
Cleaning inside of Fuel Filters
(Wire-Element Type)..................................................6-2
Changing Fuel Filters (Center-Bolt Type)......... 6-3
Changing Fuel Filters (Cartridge Type) ............ 6-4
Changing Fuel Filters with Engine Stop.....................6-4
Changing Fuel Filters while Engine in
Operation...................................................................6-5
Inspection of Fuel Control Linkage Ball
Joints................................................................ 6-6
Lubricating System ............................. 6-7
Changing Engine Oil, Oil Filters and Bypass Oil
Chapter 5 PERIODIC MAINTENANCE CHART
How to Use Periodic Maintenance
Chart....................................................5-1
Periodic Maintenance Chart............................. 5-1
Periodic maintenance chart for regular-use
engine ....................................................................... 5-1
Periodic maintenance chart for emergency
engine ....................................................................... 5-1
Periodic maintenance chart for general-purpose
engine ....................................................................... 5-1
General Definition of Regular-Use Engine,
Emergency Engine and General-Purpose
Engine .............................................................. 5-2
General definition of regular-use engine................... 5-2
Filter ................................................................. 6-7
Draining Engine Oil....................................................6-7
Changing Oil Filters (S12U).......................................6-7
Changing Oil Filters (Swithover Type)
(S12U) .............................................................. 6-8
Changing Oil Filters with Engine Stop .......................6-8
Changing Oil Filters While Engine in Operation ........6-8
Changing Oil Filters (Swithover Type)
(S16U) .............................................................. 6-9
Changing Oil Filters with Engine Stop .......................6-9
Changing Oil Filters While Engine in Operation ........6-9
Changing Bypass Oil Filter ......................................6-10
Pouring Engine Oil...................................................6-11
Inspection of Engine Oil Leakage After Replacing
Oil Filter .......................................................... 6-11
CONTENTS-3
CONTENTS
Inspection of Engine Oil for Mixing of Fuel and
Water.............................................................. 6-11
Analysis of Engine Oil Properties................... 6-12
Engine Oil Sampling Tool Sets and Ordering
Procedure ............................................................... 6-12
Cooling System .................................6-13
Checking LLC Concentration ......................... 6-13
Inspection and Replacement of Zinc Rods .... 6-13
Changing Coolant .......................................... 6-14
Draining Coolant..................................................... 6-14
Cleaning the Cooling System ................................. 6-14
Pouring coolant....................................................... 6-15
Inlet and Exhaust Systems................6-16
Inspection and Draining Water of Exhaust Pipes
and Exhaust Muffler ....................................... 6-16
Draining Water From Air Cooler Chamber and
Inspection for Water Leakage ........................ 6-16
Cleaning, Inspection and Changing
Pre-Cleaner.................................................... 6-16
Cleaning, Inspecting and Changing Air Cleaner
Element .......................................................... 6-17
Chapter 9
TROUBLESHOOTING
General Precautions ........................... 9-1
Contact a Mitsubishi Dealer for Repair
Service ............................................................. 9-1
Examination before Work ................................. 9-1
Notes Regarding Contamination ...................... 9-1
Notes Regarding Parts Handling ...................... 9-1
Work Safety...................................................... 9-1
Conditions Required for Proper Engine
Operation ......................................................... 9-2
Troubleshooting .................................. 9-3
Engine Turns, But It Does Not Start ................. 9-3
Engine Does Not Turn...................................... 9-5
Engine Output is Low.................................................9-6
Engine Knocks ................................................. 9-7
Engine Produces Large Amount of Smoke While in
Operation ......................................................... 9-8
Engine Operates at High Speed and Does Not
Stop.................................................................. 9-8
Malfunction of Lubricating System ................... 9-9
Air Starter System .............................6-18
Draining Water and Cleaning Air Starter
Strainer........................................................... 6-18
Draining Water from Air Starter Compressor . 6-18
Chapter 7 LONG-TERM STORAGE
Storing Engine in Non-Operable Condition for More
Than 3 Months ................................................. 7-1
Preparation for Storage ............................................ 7-1
Maintenance during Storage..................................... 7-1
Using Engine after Storage....................................... 7-1
Storing Engine in Operable Condition for More Than
3 Months .......................................................... 7-2
Operating Engine for Maintenance Purposes........... 7-2
Chapter 8 TRANSPORTATION
Lifting Engine Carefully .................................... 8-1
Chapter 10 MAIN SPECIFICATIONS
Main Specifications........................... 10-1
List of Illustrations
fig.1-1 Warning for flywheel entanglement..............1-9
fig.1-2 Warning for moving parts.............................1-9
fig.1-3 Warning for oil mist ......................................1-9
fig.1-4 Caution for footing........................................1-9
fig.1-5 Caution for electric shock.............................1-9
fig.1-6 Warning for rotating parts.............................1-9
fig.1-7 Caution for burns .........................................1-9
fig.1-8 Warning for rotating parts.............................1-9
fig.1-9 Caution for referring to manual ....................1-9
fig.1-10 Caution for burns .........................................1-9
fig.2-1 S12U engine left view ..................................2-1
fig.2-2 S12U engine right view................................2-1
CONTENTS-4
fig.2-3 S16U engine left view ..................................2-2
fig.2-4 S16U engine right view................................2-2
fig.2-5 Start switch and stop switch.........................2-3
CONTENTS
fig.2-6 Start lever.................................................... 2-3
fig.2-7 Manual stop lever........................................ 2-3
fig.2-8 Air cleaner indicator .................................... 2-5
fig.2-9 Preparation for turning ................................ 2-6
fig.2-10 Turning........................................................ 2-6
fig.2-11 Locking turning gear.................................... 2-6
fig.3-1 Priming pump operating method................. 3-2
fig.3-2 Bleeing air from fuel filters
(wire-element type) ..................................... 3-2
fig.3-3 Bleeding air from fuel filters
(center-bolt type)......................................... 3-2
fig.3-4 Bleeding air from fuel filters
(cartridge-type)............................................ 3-3
fig.3-5 Fuel filter switchover cock........................... 3-3
fig.3-6 Bleeding air from fuel feed pipe (1)............. 3-3
fig.3-7 Bleeding air from fuel feed pipe (2)............. 3-3
fig.3-8 Oil filler and oil level gage ........................... 3-4
fig.3-9 Engine oil priming pump.............................. 3-4
fig.3-10 Coolant drain cock on the engine................ 3-5
fig.6-2 Draining water from fuel filter
(center-bolt type)..........................................6-1
fig.6-3 Draining water from fuel tank .......................6-2
fig.6-4 Cleaning inside of fuel filter
(wire-element) type).....................................6-2
fig.6-5 Changing fuel filters (center-bolt type).........6-3
fig.6-6 Fuel filter switchover handle.........................6-4
fig.6-7 Changing fuel filters (cartridge type) ............6-4
fig.6-8 Fuel filter switchover handle.........................6-5
fig.6-9 Changing fuel filters (cartridge type) ............6-5
fig.6-10 Inspection of the ball joints for
looseness.....................................................6-6
fig.6-11 Changing oil filter element (S12U) ...............6-7
fig.6-12 Inspection of oil filter ....................................6-7
fig.6-13 Changing oil filters (switchover type)........ 6-8
fig.6-14 Changing oil filter elements..........................6-9
fig.6-15 Oil filter switchover handle ...........................6-9
fig.6-16 Changing bypass oil filters .........................6-10
fig.6-17 Inspection of bypass oil filter......................6-10
fig.3-11 Coolant drain cock on the water pump........ 3-5
fig.3-12 Water tank coolant level.............................. 3-5
fig.3-13 Inspecting electrolyte level.......................... 3-6
fig.3-14 Inspecting specific gravity of electrolyte...... 3-6
fig.3-15 Checking valves for open/closed
position........................................................ 3-7
fig.3-16 Checking valves for open/closed position... 3-8
fig.3-17 Cleaning fuel filter (wire-element type)........ 3-8
fig.3-18 Draining water from fuel tank ...................... 3-9
fig.3-19 Oil filler and oil level gage ........................... 3-9
fig.3-20 Checking coolant level .............................. 3-10
fig.3-21 Air cleaner indicator .................................. 3-10
fig.3-22 Draining water from air starter tank........... 3-11
fig.3-23 Inspection of air tank air pressure............. 3-11
fig.3-24 Stop button................................................ 3-14
fig.3-25 Manual stop lever...................................... 3-14
fig.4-1 Recommended fuel..................................... 4-2
fig.4-2 Recommended fuel according to air
fig.6-18 Bypass oil filter...........................................6-10
fig.6-19 Oil filler and level gage...............................6-11
fig.6-20 Engine oil priming pump.............................6-11
fig.6-21 Engine oil sampling tool sets......................6-12
fig.6-22 Zinc rod good/bad......................................6-13
fig.6-23 Coolant drain cock (on engine) ..................6-14
fig.6-24 Coolant drain cock (on water pump) ..........6-14
fig.6-25 Coolant drain cock on the engine...............6-15
fig.6-26 Coolant drain cock on the water pump.......6-15
fig.6-27 Water tank coolant level.............................6-15
fig.6-28 Inspection and raining water of exhaust pipes
and exhaust muffler ...................................6-16
fig.6-29 Coolant drain cock on air cooler
chamber .....................................................6-16
fig.6-30 Cleaning pre-cleaner..................................6-16
fig.6-31 Removal of air cleaner element .................6-17
fig.6-32 Cleaning air cleaner element .....................6-17
fig.6-33 Inspecting air cleaner element ...................6-17
temperature................................................. 4-2
fig.4-3 Recommended oil viscosity according to air
temperature................................................. 4-4
fig.6-1 Draining water from fuel filter
(wire-element type) ..................................... 6-1
fig.6-34 Air cleaner indicator ...................................6-17
fig.6-35 Air starter strainer.......................................6-18
fig.6-36 Air starter compressor................................6-18
fig.8-1 Hangers for lifting.........................................8-1
fig.8-2 Lifting the engine..........................................8-1
CONTENTS-5
CONTENTS
List of Tables
Table 3-1 Specific gravity of electrolyte.................. 3-6
Table 3-2 Data for rated speed............................. 3-13
Table 4-1 Recomended Fuel .................................. 4-2
Table 4-2 Fuel Use Limit Property Guideline.......... 4-3
Table 4-3 Water quality standards.......................... 4-6
Table 4-4 Recommended brands of LLC................ 4-7
Table 4-5 Recommended LLC concentration (for
reference only)........................................ 4-7
Table 5-1 Periodic maintenance chart for engine in
regular use.............................................. 5-3
Table 5-2 Periodic maintenance chart for emergency
engine..................................................... 5-8
Table 5-3 Periodic maintenance chart for general-
purpose power supply engine............... 5-13
Table 6-1 Engine oil sampling tool sets ................ 6-12
Table 7-1 Recommended rust-preventive
oil and corrosion inhibitor........................ 7-1
Table 9-1 Conditions required for proper engine
operation................................................. 9-2
Table 9-2 Engine turns, but it does not start........... 9-3
Table 9-3 Engine does not turn .............................. 9-5
Table 9-4 Engine output is low ............................... 9-6
Table 9-5 Engine knocks ........................................ 9-7
Table 9-6 Engine produces large amount of smoke while
in operation............................................. 9-8
Table 9-7 Engine operates at high speed and does not
stop......................................................... 9-8
Table 9-8 Malfunction of lubrication system ........... 9-9
Table 10-1 Main specifications table ...................... 10-1
CONTENTS-6
Chapter 1 BASIC SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Warning Fire and Explosion
Keep flames away
Store fuel and engine oil in a
well-ventilated area.
Make sure that the caps of fuel
and engine oil containers are
tightly closed, and store them in
the designated site.
Do not use flames or smoke where fuel or oil is
handled or cleaning solvent is used for washing
parts.
Spilled fuel, oil and LLC should be wiped immedi-
ately and thoroughly. Spilled fuel, oil and LLC can
ignite and cause fire.
Keep engine and surrounding area clean
Do not store combustible (such as fuel, engine oil
and LLC), explosive or dangerous materials near
the engine. Those substances can cause a fire or
explosion.
Keep the engine and the surrounding area free of
dust, dirt and foreign materials, since they can
cause fire or the engine to overheat.
Clean the top surface of the battery after perform-
ing maintenance work. Dust on the battery may
cause a short-circuit.
The engine must be used at least 1 m [3.3 ft.] away
from buildings and other equipment to prevent pos
sible fire caused by engine heat.
Never open crankcase until engine cools
If the cover is opened while the engine is still hot,
fresh air comes into crankcase and oil mist can be
ignited by engine heat, then it may lead to the
explosion of the engine.
Never open the engine crankcase cover before the
engine becomes cool, wait at least 10 minutes after
the engine stops.
Check for fuel, oil and exhaust gas leaks
Inspect fuel, oil and exhaust pipes regularly for
damage and looseness. If a fuel, oil and exhaust
gas leak is found, repair the leakage immediately.
Fuel or oil spilled on a hot surface of the engine,
and exhaust gas blown onto a combustible material
may cause fire and result in personal injury and/or
damage to equipment.
Use flameproof light
When inspecting fuel, engine oil, coolant, battery
electrolyte, etc., use a flameproof light. An ordinary
light may ignite and cause an explosion.
Do not short electrical wires
Before inspecting or servicing any electrical compo-
nent, disconnect the ground cable from the nega-
tive (-) battery terminal to prevent short-circuit and
fire.
Loose terminals or damaged cables/wires can
cause a short-circuit that may result in fire. Before
operating the engine, inspect the cables and wires,
and repair or replace if necessary.
Keep fire extinguishers and firstaid kit nearby
Keep fire extinguishers nearby,
and be familiarized with their
usage.
Keep a first-aid kit at the desig-
nated place, and make sure it is
easily accessible at anytime.
Establish response procedures to follow in the
event of fire or accident, and post information con
cerning emergency contact locations and their con-
tact methods.
-
1-1
Chapter 1 BASIC SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Warning Stay Clear of All Rotating and Moving Parts
Install protective covers on rotating parts
Make sure the protective covers of
the engine are correctly installed.
Repair any damaged or loose covers.
When the engine is coupled to other
equipment or the radiator, install pro
tective covers on the exposed connecting belt and
coupling.
Never remove protective covers for rotating parts
such as the damper cover, camshaft cover or
rocker cover while the engine is operating.
-
Check surrounding area for safety
Before starting the engine, check to make sure no
one is near the engine and tools are not left on or
near the engine. Verbally notify persons within the
immediate area when starting the engine.
When the starter device is posted with a sign that
prohibits startup operation, do not operate the
engine.
Stay clear of all rotating and moving parts while engine is operating
Do not approach rotating and moving
parts of the engine while the engine is
in operation.
Rotating parts can entangle your
body or tools and result in serious
injury.
Keep items that can be easily entangled by rotating
parts away from the engine.
If your body or tool contacts rotating and moving
parts, serious injury may occur as a result.
Lock out and Tag out
Be sure to lock out and tag out before starting
inspection and maintenance.
Lockout and tagout are effective methods of cutting
off machines and equipment from energy sources.
To lock out and tag out, pull out the key from the
starter switch, turn off the battery switch, and post a
tag on the starter switch indicating “Do Not Oper
ate.” The starter key switch should be kept by the
person performing the inspection and maintenance.
For the air starter system, close the main valve of
the air tank, and post a tag indicating “Do Not Open
the Valve.”
-
Always stop engine before inspection and maintenance
Be sure to stop the engine before conducting
inspection and maintenance. Never attempt to
adjust the engine parts while the engine is running.
Conducting inspection and maintenance on an
operating engine can result in a serious accident of
entanglement by rotating parts.
Always return turning tools to original position
Be sure to remove all turning tools used during
maintenance and inspection.
Starting the engine with the turning tools inserted or
turning gears engaged may not only cause engine
damage but personal injury as well.
1-2
Chapter 1 BASIC SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Warning Be Careful of
Burns
Do not touch engine during operation or immediately after operation
Do not touch the main and exhaust
parts of the engine during operation
or immediately after operation to
prevent burns.
To conduct maintenance and
inspection, wait until the engine cools sufficiently as
indicated with the temperature gage.
Open radiator filler cap carefully
Never open the radiator filler cap while the engine
is operating or immediately after it is stopped.
The engine coolant is hot during engine operation
and immediately after operation. If the radiator filler
cap is opened when the coolant is at operating tem
perature, steam and hot coolant may blow out,
causing skin burns as a result.
When opening the cap, stop the engine and allow
the coolant temperature to drop sufficiently. Cover
the cap with a cloth or use thick rubber glove, and
then slowly open the cap.
When closing the cap, be sure to tighten securely.
Add coolant only after coolant temperature drops
Do not add coolant immediately after the engine
stops. Wait until the coolant temperature lowers
sufficiently to prevent burns.
Warning Be Careful of
Exhaust Fume Poisoning
Perform engine operation in a well-ventilated site
Exhaust gas from the engine
contains carbon monoxide and
other harmful substances.
Do not operate the engine in an
enclosed area (inside a ware
house, tunnel, etc.) or in a site where all sides are
blocked, since exhaust fumes can cause gas poi
soning.
If the engine must be operated in an enclosed area,
discharge the exhaust gas to the outside and pro
vide adequate ventilation.
Connect an exhaust duct to the exhaust pipe to
lead exhaust gas to the outside, and make sure
exhaust gas does not leak from the duct joints.
-
Make sure the exhaust gas does not blow in the
direction of plants or animals.
-
-
-
Warning Protect Ears
from Noises
Wear earplugs
Be sure to wear earplugs when
entering into the engine room.
The earplugs can be quite use
ful to protect ears from various
engine noises.
-
Do not dismount heat protection covers
The high-temperature exhaust components are
installed with heat protection covers. Do not dis
mount these heat protection covers. If they must be
removed during inspection and maintenance, be
sure to reinstall them after completing the inspec
tion and maintenance.
-
-
1-3
Chapter 1 BASIC SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Warning Be Careful
When Lifting Engine
Lifting engine carefully
To lift the engine, use slings capa-
ble of supporting the weight of the
engine.
Attach appropriate slings to the
hangers on the engine.
Keep the engine balanced during lifting by consid-
ering the center of gravity of the engine.
Keep the angle formed by slings attached to hang-
ers within 60°. If the angle exceeds this limit, exces-
sive load is applied on the hangers and may
damage the hangers.
If wire ropes contact the engine, place a cloth or
other soft padding to prevent damage to the engine
and wire ropes.
Do not climb onto engine
Never climb onto the engine.
To work on parts located on the upper section, use
a ladder, stand, etc.
Climbing on the engine can not only damage entire
parts, but also cause parts to fall off and result in
injury.
Always watch your footing
Use a stable work platform to
stand on when working on the
upper part of the engine and
other hard-to-reach places.
Standing on a decrepit stand or
parts box may result in personal injury.
Do not put obstacles on the stand.
Caution Be Careful of Handling Fuel, Engine Oil and LLC
Use only specified fuel, engine oil and coolant (LLC)
Use fuel, oil and LLC specified in this manual, and
handle them carefully.
Use of any other fuel, oil or LLC, and improper han-
dling may cause various engine problems and mal-
functions.
Obtain the MSDSs issued by the fuel, oil and LLC
suppliers, and follow the directions on the MSDSs
for proper handling.
Handle LLC carefully
Wear safety mask and rubber gloves when han-
dling LLC. Avoid contact with skin and eyes to pre-
vent personal injury.
Should LLC be accidentally swallowed, induce
vomiting immediately and seek medical attention.
Should LLC enter eyes, flush immediately with
plenty of water and seek medical attention. If LLC is
spilled on skin or clothes, wash immediately with lot
of water.
Keep flammable materials away from LLC to pre-
vent fire. Never use flames or generate sparks near
LLC since flames or sparks can cause fire.
Drained LLC is harmful. Do not dispose of into con-
ventional sewage. Contact a Mitsubishi dealer for
the disposal of drained LLC.
Properly dispose of drained oil and LLC
Do not dispose of engine oil, used cleaning oil or
LLC into conventional sewage.
Prepare drip pan or other containers to receive oil
and LLC drained from the engine. Do not drain
them directly onto the ground.
For disposal of drained oil and LLC, consult a Mit-
subishi dealer.
1-4
Chapter 1 BASIC SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Caution Service Bat-
tery
Handle battery carefully
• Batteries release flammable
hydrogen gas and oxygen.
Never use flames or generate
sparks near the battery since
flames or sparks can cause
an explosion.
• Do not use the battery when the fluid surface is
lower than the minimum required level. Using a
battery with a low electrolyte level can result in an
explosion.
• Do not short the battery terminals with a tool or
other metal object.
• When disconnecting battery cables, remove the
cable from the negative (-) terminal first. When
reconnecting cables, attach the cable to the posi-
tive (+) terminal first.
• Charge the battery in a well-ventilated area, with
all filling hole plugs removed.
• Make sure the cable clamps are securely
installed on the battery terminals. A loose cable
clamp can cause sparks that may result in an
explosion.
• Before servicing electrical components or con-
ducting electric welding, set the battery switch to
the [OFF] position or disconnect the cable from
the negative (-) battery terminal to cut off the
electrical current.
• Electrolyte contains dilute sulfuric acid. Careless
handling of the battery can cause loss of sight
and burns.
• Wear safety goggles and rubber gloves when
working with the battery (replenishment of fluid,
charging, etc.)
• If electrolyte is spilled on skin or clothes, wash
immediately with lots of water. Then, use soap to
clean thoroughly.
• If electrolyte enters eyes, flush immediately with
lots of fresh water and see a physician as soon as
possible.
• Should you accidentally swallow electrolyte, gar-
gle with plenty of water, then drink lots of water.
Consult a physician immediately.
Caution When Abnormality Occurs
If engine overheats, conduct cooling operation before stopping
engine
If the engine overheats, do not stop the engine
immediately. Abrupt stopping of an overheated
engine may cause the coolant temperature to rise,
resulting in seizing of the engine. If the engine over
heats, operate the engine at low idling speed (cool-
ing operation), and stop the engine after the coolant
temperature lowers sufficiently.
Do not add coolant immediately after stopping the
engine. Adding coolant to a hot engine may cause
damage to the cylinder head from sudden change
in temperature. Add coolant gradually after the
engine cools to room temperature.
If engine stops due to abnormality, exercise caution when restarting
If the engine stops due to an abnormality, do not
restart the engine immediately. If the engine stops
with an alarm, check and correct the cause of the
problem before restarting. Operating the engine
without correcting the problem may result in serious
engine problems.
If engine oil pressure drops, stop engine immediately
If the engine oil pressure decreases, stop the
engine immediately, and inspect the lubricating sys
tem including the oil level and pump. Operating the
engine with low oil pressure may cause seizing of
bearings and other parts.
-
-
1-5
Chapter 1 BASIC SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Caution Other Cautions
Never modify engine
Unauthorized modification of the engine will void
the maker's warranty.
Modification of the engine may not only cause
engine damage but may result in personal injury as
well.
If there is a need to modify the engine, please con-
tact a Mitsubishi dealer.
Never break seals
To ensure proper engine operation, the fuel control
links are attached with seals that prevent accidental
change of the injection volume and rotation speed
settings. Operating the engine without these seals
in place can result in the following problems, and
also invalidates the warranty.
• Rapid wear of moving and rotating parts
• Engine damage such as seizing of engine parts
• Increased consumption of fuel and lubricating oil
• Degradation of engine performance due to
improper balance between fuel injection volume
and governor operation.
Perform all specified pre-operation inspections and periodic
inspections
Conduct the pre-operation inspections and periodic
inspections as described in this manual.
Failure to conduct the specified inspections may
cause various engine problems and damage to
parts, as well as serious accidents.
Perform engine break-in
Break in a new engine by operating it with a light
load and at a speed lower than normal during the
first 50 hours of operation.
Operating a new engine under high load or severe
conditions during the break-in period can shorten
the service life of the engine.
Warm up engine before use
If the auxiliary devices for the starter (water heater,
engine oil priming pump etc.) are not installed, let
the engine idle for 5 to 10 minutes before using the
engine for work.
Warm-up operation circulates lubricants in the
engine and contributes to a longer service life and
economical operation.
Do not conduct warm-up operation for an extended
period of time. Prolonged warm-up operation
causes carbon build-up in the cylinders that leads
to incomplete combustion.
Never operate engine under overload condition
If the engine shows an overload condition such as
the emmision of exhaust smoke, decrease the load
immediately so that the engine operates at appro
priate output and load.
Overloading the engine causes not only high fuel
consumption but also excessive carbon deposits
inside the engine. Carbon deposits cause various
problems and can shorten the service life of the
engine.
-
Conduct cooling operation before stopping engine
Before stopping the engine, let it idle at low speed
for 5 to 6 minutes to cool.
Stopping the engine immediately after high-speed
operation can cause engine parts to heat up and
shorten the service life of the engine.
During cooling operation, check the engine for
abnormalities.
Do not splash water on engine
Do not allow rainwater, etc., to enter the engine
through the air inlet or exhaust openings.
Do not wash the engine while it is in operation,
since the engine may suck in the cleaning fluid
(water). If the engine is started with water inside the
combustion chambers, water hammer action can
damage the engine and result in serious accidents.
1-6
Chapter 1 BASIC SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Conduct proper maintenance of air cleaner/pre-cleaner
The major cause of abnormal wear on engine parts
is dust entering with intake air. Worn parts result in
an increase of oil consumption, decrease of output,
and starting difficulties. Conduct maintenance of
the air cleaner/pre-cleaner according to the follow
ing directions to ensure optimum air filtering perfor-
mance.
• Do not conduct maintenance of the air cleaner/
pre-cleaner while the engine is operating.
Without the air cleaner/pre-cleaner in place, the
turbocharger can suck foreign particles into the
engine, decrease the load immediately so that
the engine operates at appropriate output and
load.
• When removing the air cleaner, do not allow dust
attached on the air cleaner/pre-cleaner to enter
into the engine.
• If equipped with a dust indicator, conduct mainte-
nance only when the clog warning sign appears.
While servicing the air cleaer/pre-cleaner, do not
let dust enter into the air cleaner/pre-cleaner,
damage or deform the element.
Observe safety rules at workplace
Observe the safety rules established at your work-
place when operating and maintaining the engine.
Do not operate the engine if you are feeling ill.
Operation of the engine with reduced awareness
may cause accidental operations that may result in
accidents. In such case, you should inform your
supervisor of your condition.
When working in a team of two or more persons,
use specified hand signals to communicate among
the workers.
Wear proper work clothes and protective gear
Wear the work clothes specified by your workplace.
Wear a hardhat, face shield, safety shoes, dust pro-
tective mask, gloves and other protective gear as
needed.
When handling compressed air, wear safety gog-
gles, hardhat, gloves and other necessary protec-
tive gear. Compressed air may cause personal
injury when not wearing the proper protective gear.
Use appropriate tools for maintenance work
Use appropriate tools according to the type of
maintenance work, and use them correctly.
If tools are damaged, replace with new tools.
-
Cautions concerning transportation
When transporting the engine using a truck, con-
sider the engine weight, width and height to ensure
safety. Abide by the pertinent laws and regulations.
Do not operate engine continuously under low load
When operating the engine with a 30 % load or
lower, limit each operation to 10 minutes. Operating
the engine under low load tends to result in
unburned fuel, which can adhere on internal engine
parts to cause malfunctions and shorten the engine
service life.
Ventilate the engine room sufficiently
Be sure to provide sufficient ventilation in the
engine room. Insufficient air in the room can cause
the engine temperature to rise and the output
power and performance to lower.
It is highly recommended to calculate the required
amount of air supply to the engine and install an
appropriate ventilation system before installing an
engine.
Do not touch high-pressure injection fuel
Should injected fuel leak from a fuel injection pipe,
do not touch the spurting fuel.
Fuel in the fuel injection pipes is under high pres-
sure. Touching high-pressure fuel can cause the
fuel to penetrate the skin and result in gangrene.
1-7
Chapter 1 BASIC SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Caution About Warning Labels
Maintain and inspect warning labels
Make sure all warning labels are legible.
If the description and/or illustration on a warning
label cannot be seen clearly, clean or replace the
label.
To clean warning labels, use a cloth, water and
soap. Do not use solvents, gasoline or other chemi
cals to clean warning labels. Cleaning with chemi-
cals may cause the labels to peel off.
If warning labels are damaged or missing, replace
with new labels.
If a part of the engine with warning label is replaced
with new part, also attach new warning label to the
new part.
To obtain replacement warning labels, contact a
Mitsubishi dealer.
-
1-8
Warning labels
Chapter 1 BASIC SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
fig.1-1 Warning for flywheel
entanglement
fig.1-4 Caution for footing fig.1-5 Caution for electric shock
fig.1-2 Warning for moving parts fig.1-3 Warning for oil mist
fig.1-6 Warning for rotating parts
fig.1-7 Caution for burns
fig.1-9 Caution for referring to manual
fig.1-10 Caution for burns
fig.1-8 Warning for rotating parts
1-9
Chapter 2 NAME OF PARTS
Engine External Diagrams
The external diagram is for standard type of S12U/S16U engine.
The installed equipment and shapes differ on the engine type.
S12U Left View
Cylinder head
Fuel injection pipe
Fuel injection pump
Air starter main pipe
Distributor
Front
Breather
Oil level gage
Low temoerature
water pump
Oil pump
Front gear case
Oil filler
Nameplate
Bypass oil filter
Turbocharger
Silencer, pre-cleaner
Pipe cover
Air cooler
Fuel filter
(center-bolt type)
Air cooler chamber
water drain cock
Governor
Governor oil filter
Rear
Fuel feed pump
Fuel priming pump
Fuel filter
(wire-element type)
Timing gear case
Crankcase side cover
S12U Right View
%
!"
&'$
#
fig.2-1 S12U engine left view
$ "
!
#
fig.2-2 S12U engine right view
2-1
Chapter 2 NAME OF PARTS
r
S16U Left View
Fuel injection pipe
Turbocharger
Silencer
Pre-cleaner
Air starter
main pipe
Damper cover
Front
Damper
Breather
Oil filler
Low temperature
water pump
Front gear case
S16U Right View
Nameplate
Oil level gage
Bypass oil filter
fig.2-3 S16U engine left view
Fuel injection pump
Pipe cover
Cylinder head
Fuel filter
(center-bolt type)
Coolant drain cock
Governor
Rear
Governor oil filte
Fuel feed pump
Fuel priming pump
Fuel filter
(wire-element type)
Crankcase side cover
!
"
!
#$%
fig.2-4 S16U engine right view
#
&
%
2-2
Chapter 2 NAME OF PARTS
Equipment and Instrument
Starting and Shutdown Devices
The shape and type of the starting and shutdown devices may vary from those described below depending on
the engine specifications.
Start Switch
When the start switch on the operation panel is
pressed, starting air is supplied to the air starter
system and cranks the engine.
Stop Switch
When the stop switch on the operation panel is
pressed, the shutdown cylinder operates and
moves the control shaft of the fuel injection pump to
the no-injection position to shut down the engine
operation.
fig.2-5 Start switch and stop switch
STOPSTART
Start Lever
The start lever is provided on the air starter pipe.
When the lever is moved toward the OPEN posi
tion, air flows and cranks the engine. Once the
engine starts, return the lever to the CLOSE posi
tion immediately.
Manual Stop Lever
Use the manual stop lever to shut down the engine
in the event of an emergency.
If the stop button is not working, use the manual
stop lever. The lever is installed to the fuel control
link and when the lever is moved in the STOP
direction, the engine stops operation.
Should the engine continue operating even after
the manual stop lever is operated, cut off the fuel
supply to stop the engine.
-
-
Start lever
OPEN
CLOSE
From air starter tank
fig.2-6 Start lever
fig.2-7 Manual stop lever
2-3
Chapter 2 NAME OF PARTS
Instruments
The instruments indicate the internal conditions of
the engine in operation. In normal operation, record
the numerical values indicated on the instruments
at regular intervals. If the numerical value is far dif
ferent from that in normal operation, the indications
of the instruments allow prompt judgment of engine
problems.
The instrument shape (round, square) and indica-
tion type (analog, digital) can vary depending on
the engine specifications.
Tachometer
This indicates the engine revolutions per minute
(rpm).
Note: The tachometer may have a built-in hour
meter.
Hour Meter
This indicator shows cumulative engine operating
hours.
Use the meter indication as a guigeline for deter-
mining the need for regular inspection and servic-
ing.
Oil Cooler Coolant Pressure Gage
This indicates the coolant pressure in the oil cooler.
-
Air Cooler Coolant Pressure Gage
This indicates the coolant pressure in the air cooler.
Exhaust Temperature Gage
This indicates the temperature of exhaust gas at
the cylinder outlets or turbocharger inlet or outlet.
Fuel Pressure Gage
This indicates the pressure of fuel supplied to the
fuel injection pump by the fuel feed pump.
Inlet Pressure Gage
This indicates the pressure of inlet supplied to the
air cooler.
Oil Pressure Gage
This indicates the engine oil pressure.
Oil Temperature Gage
This indicates the engine oil temperature.
Jacket Coolant Temperature Gage
This indicates coolant temperature inside of the
crankcase.
Oil Cooler Coolant Temperature Gage
This indicates coolant temperature in the oil cooler.
Air Cooler Coolant Temperature Gage
This indicates coolant temperature in the air cooler.
Jacket Coolant Pressure Gage
This indicates the pressure of coolant in the crank-
case, cylinder heads and other parts.
2-4
Chapter 2 NAME OF PARTS
Engine Protection Devices
The engine protection devices activate an alarm when an abnormality occurs in the engine in order to protect
the engine and prevent serious problems and accidents. When a protection device is activated, stop the
engine, examine the cause of the abnormality, and take corrective measures.
If the cause of the problem is unknown, contact a Mitsubishi dealer.
Protection devices installed on the engine and their types (setting values) and shapes vary depending on the
engine specifications. The following describes the typical protection devices installed in a Mitsubishi engine.
Low Oil Pressure Alarm
The oil pressure switch activates an alarm when the engine oil pressure drops to an abnormally low level.
High Coolant Temperature Alarm
The high coolant temperature alarm device generates a warning or stops the engine when the coolant tem-
perature rises to an abnormally high level due to an engine malfunction or other reason.
Oil Filter Clog Alarm
The oil filter clog detector generates a warning when the oil filter becomes clogged and causes an abnormally
large pressure difference between before and after the oil filter. When it generates an alarm, replace it with a
new filter immediately and change engine oil, as well.
Overspeed Alarm
The overspeed alarm device generates a warning and stops the engine operation when the engine speed
starts operating at abnormally high speed due to an engine malfunction or other reason.
Air Cleaner Clog Alarm (Air Cleaner Indicator)
A red signal appears as a warning when the air cleaner
element becomes clogged and causes an abnormally
large pressure difference between before and after the
air cleaner. When a red signal appears, clean the air
cleaner element immediately or replace it with a new
element.
After the element is cleaned or replaced, press the
reset button located at the upper part of the indicator to
cancel the red signal.
While serving the air cleaner, do not enter dust into the
air cleaner or damage the element.
Signal
Reset button
fig.2-8 Air cleaner indicator
2-5
Chapter 2 NAME OF PARTS
Using Turning Gear
Before starting the engine, return (pull out) the turning gear to the original position. Starting the engine with the
turning gear pushed in not only damages the ring gear but also may result in personal injury.
1 Untighten the retaining bolt.
2 Move the turning gear fully to engage the ring gear
and tighten the bolt.
Turning gear
shaft
Retaining bolt
fig.2-9 Preparation for turning
3 Turn the shaft using the socket wrench and the
rachet handle.
4 After turning, move the turning gear, disengage the
turning gear with the ring gear and tighten the retain-
ing bolt.
Make sure the lock pin is securely inserted.
Rachet handle
Socket
Shaft
fig.2-10 Turning
Shaft
Retaining bolt
fig.2-11 Locking turning gear
2-6
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