Mitsubishi NF50-HP, NF30-SP, NF50-HRP, NF60-HP, NF100-SP Technical Notes

...
MOULDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKERS
TECHNICAL NOTES
ADVANCED AND EVER ADVANCING
00
A
We have the pleasure of providing all our customers with the technical information for Mitsubishi moulded case circuit breakers. This indicates the fundamental data of our circuit breakers regarding the applicable standards, constructional principles, and operational performances. Please refer to the catalogue of our circuit breakers for details of specifications. Also please stand in need of the handling and maintenance manual for maintaning the circuit breakers in service continuously. We do hope they are available for all our customers to built more efficient systems.

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ...............................................2
2. FEATURES .......................................................3
2.2 Digital ETR ......................................................... 4
3. CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION............... 6
4. CHARACTERISTICS AND
PERFORMANCE............................................. 11
4.1 Overcurrent-Trip Characteristics ................... 11
4.2 Short-Circuit Trip Characteristics.................. 11
4.3 Effects of Mounting Attitudes ........................ 12
4.4 DC Tripping Characteristics of AC-Rated
MCCBs.............................................................. 12
4.5 Frequency Characteristics ............................. 12
4.6 Switching Characteristics............................... 13
4.7 Dielectric Strength........................................... 13
5. CIRCUIT BREAKERS SELECTION ............... 14
5.1 Circuit Breakers Selection Table ................... 14
6. PROTECTIVE CO-ORDINATION ................... 39
6.1 General ............................................................. 39
6.2 Interrupting Capacity Consideration ............. 40
6.3 Selective-Interruption...................................... 41
6.4 Cascade Back-up Protection.......................... 46
2
t Let-Through Characteristics and Current
6.5 I
Limiting Characteristics.................................. 48
6.6 Protective Coordination with Wiring ............. 49
6.7 Protective Coordination with
Motor Starters .................................................. 52
6.8 Coordination with Devices on the
High-Voltage Circuit ........................................ 54
7. SELECTION .................................................... 57
7.1 For Motor Branch Circuits .............................. 57
7.2 For Lighting and Heating Branch Circuits .... 57
7.3 For Main Circuit ............................................... 58
7.4 For Welding Circuits ....................................... 58
7.5 For Transformer-Primary Use ........................ 60
7.6 For Capacitor Circuits..................................... 61
7.7 For Thyristor Circuits...................................... 62
7.8 Selection of MCCBs in inverter circuit .......... 68
8. ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS ...... 70
8.1 Atmospheric Environment.............................. 70
8.2 Vibration-Withstand Characteristics ............. 71
8.3 Shock-Withstand Characteristics .................. 72
9. SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT
CALCULATIONS ............................................ 73
9.1 Purpose ............................................................ 73
9.2 Definitions ........................................................ 73
9.3 Impedances and Equivalent Circuits of
Circuit Components ........................................ 73
9.4 Classification of Short-Circuit Current.......... 76
9.5 Calculation Procedures .................................. 77
1

1. INTRODUCTION

Mitsubishi Advancing Technology
Mitsubishi, the leading manufacturer of circuit break­ers, has been providing customers with a wide range of highly reliable and safe moulded case circuit break­ers (MCCB) and earth-leakage circuit breakers (ELCB), corresponding to the needs of the age.
Since production began in 1933 many millions of Mitsubishi ACBs, MCCBs and MCBs have been sold throughout many countries.
In 1985 a new design concept for controlling arc en­ergies within MCCBs – vapour jet control (VJC) – was introduced and significantly improved performance. It is provided the technological advance for a new ‘su­per series’ range of MCCBs and is used in all present ratings from 3 to 1600 amps.
In 1995 Mitsubishi offers the new PSS (Progressive Super Series) breakers having ratings from 3 to 250 amps that concentrate the most advanced technolo­gies into a compact body. Their four major features are:
• New circuit-breaking technology ISTAC for a higher current-limiting performance, upgrading the circuit­breaking capability.
• Electronic circuit breakers with the Digital ETR pro­tecting the circuit accurately.
• One-frame, one-size design allowing efficient panel design.
• Cassette-type internal accessories that allow instal­lation by the user.
Progressive Super Series, an integration of technol­ogy and know-how from this comprehensive electronic product manufacturer, will create its own fields of ap­plication with its excellent performance.
A Brief Chronology
1933 Moulded case circuit breaker production
begins.
1952 Miniature circuit breaker production be-
gins.
1968 Manufacture commences of short-time-
delayed breakers.
1969 Production and sale of first residual cur-
rent circuit breakers.
1970 170kA breaking level ‘permanent power
fuse’ integrated MCCBs is introduced.
1973 Introduction of first short-time delay and
current-limiting selectable breakers go on sale.
1974 First MELNIC solid-state electronic trip
unit MCCBs are introduced.
1975 ELCBs with solid-state integrated circuit
sensing devices are introduced.
1977-1979 Four new ranges of MCCBs are intro-
duced – economy, standard, current lim­iting, ultra current limiting and motor rated designs – a comprehensive coverage of most application requirements.
1982 Compact ACBs with solid-state trip de-
vices and internally mounted accessories introduced.
1985-1989 Super series MCCBs with VJC and ETR
are developed and launched – awarded the prestigious Japanese MInister of Con­struction Prize.
1990 New 200kA level U-series MCCBs super
current limiting breakers are introduced.
1991 Super-NV ELCBs and Super-AE ACBs
are introduced.
1995 Progressive Super Series 30~250 amps
are introduced.
1997 Progressive Super Series 400~800 amps
are introduced.
2
2. FEATURES – Advanced MCCB Design Technol-
ogy & Performance
2.1 Arc-Extinguishing Device – ISTAC
Mitsubishi has developed an epoch-making ISTAC technology to realize an improved current-limiting and
breaking performance within a smaller breaking space. Introduction of ISTAC technology upgrades the cur-
rent-limiting, selective-breaking, and cascade-break­ing performance. The maximum peak let-through cur-
rent Ip decreases to about 80% (compared with Mitsubishi’s 100AF). The passing energy I2t de­creases to about 65% (compared with Mitsubishi’s
100AF). The smaller breaking space has led to an improved function, a smaller size, and a standardiza­tion of the breakers.
Triple forces accelerating
The triple forces generated by a newly designed cur­rent pass and the Vapor Jet Control (VJC) insulat­ing materials which makes up a slot-type breaking construction accelerate the movable conductor, and separate the contacts faster than ever before in short­breaking.
Electromagnetic attractive force which works between a current of the movable conductor and a current of the fixed upper conductor.
Electromagnetic repulsive force which works between a current of the movable conductor and a current of the fixed lower conductor.
Pressure which works on the movable conductor by gas generated in the slot.
The VJC suppresses the emergence of carbide prod­ucts in breaking a current and contribute to the recov­ery of insulation immediately thereafter. The VJCs on the fixed and movable contacts work together to forcefully reduce the arc spot and rapidly contract the total arc being extinguished.
Movable contact
Upper, fixed-contact conductor
Lower, fixed-contact conductor
Pressure
Arc
3
Movable contact VJC
Fixed contact VJC
Vapor jet control (VJC)
Vapor Jet Controllers made of insulating material are arranged around the contacts where they control the arc as follows:
1. The arc spot is forcibly reduced by the arrange­ment of the insulating material.
2. The arc column is contracted.
3. Adiabatic expansion cools the arc.
4. The arc is transferred at the optimum moment to the arc-extinguishing chamber by the arrangement of the Vapor Jet Controllers.
Repulsive force
Movable contact
2
1
Attractive force
Current A
Current B
Current C
Current
Upper, fixed-contact conductor
Lower, fixed-contact conductor
Arc control by slot-breaking
The VJC of the fixed contact incorporates newly de­veloped insulation made of ceramic fiber and metal hydroxide. The substantially improves the VJC effect. The arc-extinguishing gas energies to improve the capability of extinguishing the arc.
3
2.2 Digital ETR (Electronic Trip Relay)
Sampling and A/D conversion
Calculating the digitally effective value
Processing the long time-delay pre-alarm characteristics
Mitsubishi’s electronic MCCBs are equipped with a digital ETR to enable fine protection. The digital ETR contains Mitsubishi’s original double IC (8 bit microcomputer and custom-IC).
Digital detection of the effective value
Electronic devices such as an inverter distort the cur­rent waveform. Mitsubishi’s PSS electronic breakers are designed to detect digitally the effective value of the current to minimize over-current tripping errors. This enables fine protection for the system.
I : Instantaneous
Power-source side terminal
Breaking mechanism
CT
CT
CT
CT
Load-side terminal
Load-current indication LED (70%)
PSS
Rectifying circuit
WDT
Test input
Trip coil
Custom IC
Microcomputer
I
CV
A/D
convertor
CPU
Characteristics setting part
SSW LSW
PSW
Input and output
circuit CV : Constant
voltage circuit
Phase­selection sampling circuit
Short time-delay soft ware
Trigger circuit
Over-current indication LED
Pre-alarm indication LED
Pre-alarm output
LSW : Long time-delay soft ware
PSW : Pre-alarm soft ware
WDT : Watch-dog timer circuit
Processing of the digital ETR
Standard equipped pre-alarm system
Mitsubishi’s PSS electronic breakers have a pre-alarm system as a standard. When the load current exceeds the set pre-alarm current, the breaker lights up an LED and outputs a pre-alarm signal.
4
1×10
3
1×10
I
P
2
1×10
Pre-alarm
10
current
Time (s)
0.1
0.01
1
Load current
4
I
r
10
Current setting
T
L
I
s
T
s
Current (A)
High-voltage fuse­Allowable short-time characteristics
Long time-delay operating time
Short time-delay tripping current
Short time-delay operating time
Instantaneous tripping current
I
i
2
10
Current-Converted value on the high-voltage side
Switch with fuse
High voltage
Low
voltage
Transformer MCCB
(electronic)
3
10
M
Load
2.3 Equipment of High Technology
Series
NF-S
NF-C
NF-U
Type
NF30-SP NF50-HP NF50-HRP NF60-HP NF100-SP NF100-HP NF100-SEP NF100-HEP NF160-SP NF160-HP NF250-SP NF250-HP NF250-SEP NF250-HEP NF400-SP NF400-SEP NF400-HEP NF400-REP NF630-SP NF630-SEP NF630-HEP NF630-REP NF800-SEP NF800-HEP NF800-REP NF1000-SS NF1250-SS NF1600-SS NF50-CP NF60-CP NF100-CP NF250-CP NF400-CP NF630-CP NF800-CEP NF100-RP NF100-UP NF225-RP NF225-UP NF400-UEP NF630-UEP NF800-UEP NF1250-UR
ISTAC
Advanced Technology
VJC
Digital-ETR
Analog-ETR
5

3. CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

3.1 General
The primary components are: a switching mechanism, an automatic tripping device (and manual trip button), contacts, an arc-extinguishing device, terminals and a molded case.
Arc-Extinguishing Device
Mitsubishi MCCBs feature excel­lent arc-extinguishing perfor­mance by virtue of the optimum combination of grid gap, shape, and material.
Magnetic flux
Grid
Magnetic force
Arc extinction
Switching Mechanism
The contacts open and close rap­idly, regardless of the moving speed of the handle, minimizing contact wear and ensuring safety.
Rapid
movement
Arc
Contact
Link-mechanism operation
Molded case (Base)
Terminal
Molded case (Cover)
Automatic tripping device
Handle
1. Trip indication The automatically tripped condi­tion is indicated by the handle in the center position between ON and OFF, the yellow (or white) line cannot be seen in this posi­tion.
2. Resetting Resetting after tripping is per­formed by first moving the han­dle to the OFF position to en­gage the mechanism, then re­turning the handle to ON to re­close the circuit.
3. Trip-Free Even if the handle is held at ON, the breaker will trip if an overcurrent flows.
Trip Button (Push to Trip)
Enables tripping mechanically from outside, for confirming the operation of the accessory switch­es and the manual resetting func­tion.
6
Fig. 3.1 Type NF100-SP Construction
ON
ON OFF Trip
4. Contact On Mechanism Even in the worst case in which welding occurs owing to an overcurrent, the breaker will trip and the handle will maintain to ON, indicating the energizing state.
OFF
Handle indication
OFF
ON
3.2 Switching Mechanism
Spring tension line
Toggle link
Cradle
Bracket
Spring
a) On
b) Off
c) Tripped
ON to OFF dead-point line
OFF to ON dead-point line
Handle centered; indicates tripped condition
The ON, OFF and TRIPPED conditions are shown in Fig. 3.2. In passing from ON to OFF, the handle ten­sion spring passes through alignment with the toggle link (“dead point” condition). In so doing, a positive, rapid contact-opening action is produced; the OFF to ON contact closing acts in a similar way (“quick make” and “quick break” actions). In both cases the action of the contacts is always rapid and positive, and inde­pendent of the human element – i.e., the force or speed of the handle.
In auto tripping a rotation of the bracket releases the cradle and operates the toggle link to produce the contact-opening action described above. In the tripped condition the handle assumes the center position be­tween on and off, providing a visual indication of the tripped condition. Also, auto trip is “trip free,” so that the handle cannot be used to hold the breaker in the ON condition. The protective contact-opening func­tion cannot be defeated.
In multipole breakers the poles are separated by integral barriers in the molded case. The moving con­tacts of the poles are attached to the central toggle link by a common-trip bar, however, so that tripping, opening and closing of all poles is always simulta­neous. This is the “common trip” feature, by which single phasing and similar unbalance malfunctions are effectively prevented.
Fig. 3.2 Switching Mechanism Action
3.3 Automatic Tripping Device
There are three types of device, the thermal-magnetic type, the hydraulic-magnetic type and the electronic trip relay type.
7
Automatic Tripping Devices
Thermal-Magnetic Type (100~630A Frame)
Bimetal
Heater
Thermal-Magnetic Type (1000~4000A Frame)
Latch
Bimetal
Armature
Heater
Trip bar
Latch
Trip bar
Armature Stationary core
1. Time-Delay Operation An overcurrent heats and warps the bi­metal to actuate the trip bar.
2. Instantaneous Operation If the overcurrent is excessive, the amature is attracted and the trip bar ac­tuated.
Fig. 3.3
1. Time-Delay Operation An overcurrent heats and warps the bi­metal to actuate the trip bar.
2. Instantaneous Operation If the overcurrent is excessive, magneti­zation of the stationary core is strong enough to attract the armature and ac­tuate the trip bar.
Fig. 3.4
Hydraulic-Magnetic Type (30~60A Frame)
Armature
Trip bar
Pipe
Pole piece
Damping spring Coil
Silicon oil
Moving core
Fig. 3.5
Principle of Electronic Trip Relay (ETR) Operation
(100~800A Frame)
Power-source side terminal
Breaking mechanism
Custom IC
CT
CT
CT
Load-side terminal
CT
CV
PSS
Rectifying circuit
WDT
Test input
Load-current indication LED (70%)
Trip coil
Microcomputer
I
A/D
convertor
CPU
Characteristics setting part
SSW LSW
PSW
Input and output
Trigger circuit
Over-current indication LED
Pre-alarm indication LED
Pre-alarm output
(1000~1600A Frame)
Power-supply side terminal
Switching mechanism
Trip coil
Special IC
Peak conversion
Rectifier circuit
Test terminals
and largest-phase selection
Effective value conversion and largest-phase selection
Test-signal generator circuit
Overcurrent display LED
Fig. 3.6
CT
Load-side terminal
CT
CT
Instan­taneous circuit
Short­delay circuit
Long­delay circuit
1. Time-Delay Operation At an overcurrent flow, the magnetic force of the coil overcomes the spring, the core closes to the pole piece, attracts the armature, and actuates the trip bar. The delay is obtained by the viscosity of silicon oil.
2. Instantaneous Operation If the overcurrent is excessive, the ar­mature is instantly attracted, without the influence of the moving core.
1. The current flowing in each phase is monitored by a current transformer (CT).
2. Each phase of the transformed current undergoes full-phase rectification in the rectifier circuit.
3. After rectification, each of the currents are converted by a peak-conversion and an effective-value conversion circuit.
4. The largest phase is selected from the
Trigger circuit
converted currents.
5. Each time-delay circuit generates a time delay corresponding to the largest phase.
6. The trigger circuit outputs a trigger sig­nal.
7. The trip coil is excited, operating the switching mechanism.
8
Table 3.1 Comparison of Thermal-Magnetic, Hydraulic-Magnetic and Electronic Types
Item
Operating current is affected by ambient temperature (bimetal responds to absolute temperature not temperature rise).
Ambient temperature
Thermal-magnetic type
Low temperature
Standard temperature
Hydraulic-magnetic type
Affected only to the extent that the damp­ing-oil viscosity is affected.
Low temperature
Negligible effect
Electronic type
Frequency
Distorted wave
Operating time
High temperature
Current
Negligible effect up to several hundred Hz; above that the instantaneous trip is affec­ted due to increased iron losses.
Low frequency
High frequency
Operating time
Current
Negligible effect up to 630A; Above that operating current decreases due to increase of a fever.
Above 700A
Operating time
Current
Negligible effect.
Operating time
High temperature
Current
Trip current increases with frequency, due to increased iron losses.
High frequency
Low frequency
Operating time
Current
IF distortion is big, minimum operating cur­rent increases.
Small current width
Current width
Operating time
Current
Mounting attitude changes the effective weight of the magnetic core.
Operating time
Current
Tripping current of some types decrease due to CT or condition of operating circuit with high frequency, and others increase.
Operating time
Current
For peak value detection, operating current drops.
Peak value detection
Operating time
Current
Negligible effect
Mounting attitude
Flexibility of operating characteristics
Flexibility of rated current
Operating time
Current
Bimetal must provide adequate deflection force and desired temperature characteris­tic. Operating time range is limited.
Operating time
Current
Units for small rated currents are physically impractical.
Horizontal
ON OFF
Current
OFF
ON
Ceiling
Operating time
Oil viscosity, cylinder, core and spring de­sign, etc., allow a wide choice of operating times.
Operating time
Current
Coil winding can easily be designed to suit any ampere rating.
Operating time
Current
Operating time can be easily shortened. To lengthen operating time is not.
Operating time
Current
Within the range of 50(60)~100% of rated current, any ampere rating are practical. Also, to lower the value of short-time delay or instantaneous trip can be easily done comparatively.
9
3.4 Contacts
A pair of contacts comprises a moving contact and a fixed contact. The instants of opening and closing impose the most severe duty. Contact materials must be selected with consideration to three major criteria:
1. Minimum contact resistance
2. Maximum resistance to wear
3. Maximum resistance to welding Silver or silver-alloy contacts are low in resistance,
but wear rather easily. Tungsten, or majority-tungsten alloys are strong against wear due to arcing, but rather high in contact resistance. Where feasible, 60%+ sil­ver alloy (with tungsten carbide) is used for contacts primarily intended for current carrying, and 60%+ tung­sten alloy (with silver) is used for contacts primarily intended for arc interruption. Large-capacity MCCBs employ this arrangement, having multicontact pairs, with the current-carrying and arc-interruption duties separated.
3.5 Arc-Extinguishing Device
Arcing, an inevitable aspect of current interruption, must be extinguished rapidly and effectively, in nor­mal switching as well as protective tripping, to mini­mize deterioration of contacts and adjacent insulat­ing materials. In Mitsubishi MCCBs a simple, reliable, and highly effective “de-ion arc extinguisher,” consist­ing of shaped magnetic plates (grids) spaced apart in an insulating supporting frame, is used (Fig. 3.7). The arc (ionized-path current) induces a flux in the grids that attracts the arc, which tends to “lie down” on the grids, breaking up into a series of smaller arcs, and also being cooled by the grid heat conduction. The arc (being effectively longer) thus requires far more voltage to sustain it, and (being cooler) tends to lose ionization and extinguish. If these two effects do not extinguish the arc, as in a very large fault, the elevated temperature of the insulating frame will cause gas­sing-out of the frame material, to de-ionize the arc. Ac arcs are generally faster extinguishing due to the zero-voltage point at each half cycle.
3.8 Trip Button
This is a pushbutton for external, mechanical tripping of the MCCB locally, without operating the external­accessory shunt trip or undervoltage trip, etc. It en­ables easy checking of breaker resetting, control-cir­cuit devices associated with alarm contacts, etc., and resetting by external handle.
Supporting frame
Grids
Fig. 3.7 The De-Ion Arc Extinguisher
Induced flux
Grid
Attraction force
Fig. 3.8 The Induced-Flux Effect
Arc
3.6 Molded Case
The integral molded cases used in Mitsubishi MCCBs are constructed of the polyester resin containing glass fibers, the phenolic resin or glass reinforced nylon. They are designed to be suitably arc-, heat- and gas­resistant, and to provide the necessary insulating spacings and barriers, as well as the physical strength required for the purpose.
3.7 Terminals
These are constructed to assure electrical efficiency and reliability, with minimized possibility of localized heating. A wide variety of types are available for ease of mounting and connection. Compression-bonded types and bar types are most commonly used.
10
Rated current
(A)
30 or less
31~63
64~100
101~250 251~400 401~630
631~800
801~1000
1001~1250 1251~1600
1601~2000 2001~4000
Tripping time
(minutes, max.)
200%
8.5 4
8.5 8
10 12
14 16 18
20 22 24
130%
60 60
120 120
120 120
120 120 120
120 120 120
120 120 120
120 120 120
120 120 120
60 60
120
105%
Non-Tripping time
(minutes, max.)

4. CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE

4.1 Overcurrent-Trip Characteristics (Delay
Tripping)
Tripping times for overcurrents of 130 and 200% of rated current are given in Table 4.1, assuming ambi­ent temperatures of 40°C, a typical condition inside of panelboards. The figures reflect all poles tested to­gether for 130% tripping, and 105% non-tripping. Within the range of the long-delay-element (thermal or hydraulic) operation, tripping times are substan­tially linear, in inverse relationship to overcurrent mag­nitude.
The tripping times are established to prevent ex­cessive conductor-temperature rise; although times may vary among MCCBs of different makers, the lower limit is restricted by the demands of typical loads: tung­sten-lamp inrush, starting motor, mercury-arc lamps, etc. The tripping characteristics of Mitsubishi MCCBs are established to best ensure protection against ab­normal currents, while avoiding nuisance tripping.
4.1.1 Ambient Temperature and Thermal Tripping
Fig. 4.1 is a typical ambient compensation curve (curves differ according to types and ratings), show­ing that an MCCB rated for 40°C ambient use must be derated to 90% if used in a 50°C environment. In an overcurrent condition, for the specified tripping time, tripping would occur at 180% rated current, not 200%. At 25°C, for the same tripping time, tripping would occur at 216%, not 200%.
4.1.2 Hot-State Tripping
The tripping characteristics described above reflect “cold-state tripping” – i.e., overloads increased from zero – and the MCCB stabilized at rated ambient. This is a practical parameter for most uses, but in intermit­tent operations, such as resistance welding, motor pulsing, etc., the “hot state” tripping characteristic must be specified, since over-loads are most likely to oc­cur with the MCCB in a heated state, while a certain load current is already flowing.
Where the MCCB is assumed to be at 50% of rat­ing when the overload occurs, the parameter is called the 50% hot-state characteristic; if no percentage is specified, 100% is assumed. Hot-state ratings of 50% and 75% are common.
4.2 Short-Circuit Trip Characteristics (In-
stantaneous Tripping)
For Mitsubishi MCCBs with thermal-magnetic trip units the instantaneous-trip current can be specified inde­pendently of the delay characteristic, and in many cases this parameter is adjustable offering consider­able advantage in coordination with other protection and control devices. For example, in coordination with motor starters, it is important to set the MCCB instan­taneous-trip element at a lower value than the fusing (destruction) current of the thermal overload relay
(OLR) of the starter.
For selective tripping, it must be remembered that even though the branch-MCCB tripping time may be shorter than the total tripping time of the main MCCB, in a fault condition the latter may also be tripped be­cause its latching curve overlaps the tripping curve of the former. The necessary data for establishing the required compatibility is provided in the Mitsubishi MCCB sales catalogues.
The total clearing time for the “instantaneous” trip­ping feature is shown in Fig. 4.3; actual values differ for each MCCB type.
Table 4.1 Overcurrent Tripping Times
120
110
108
100
20 25
% rating compensation
Fig. 4.1 Typical Temperature-Compensation Curve
Hot state
Operating time
Fig. 4.2 Hot-State-Tripping Curve
40
30
90
80
Ambient temperature (:)
Cold state
Current
50 60
11
Total clearing time
Fig. 4.3 Instantaneous Tripping Sequence
Latching (relay) time
Electromagnet oparating time
Floor-mounted
Mechanical delay time
Time for contacts to open
Arcing time
Arc­extinguishing time
4.3 Effects of Mounting Attitudes
Instantaneous tripping is negligibly affected by mount­ing attitude, for all types of MCCB. Delay tripping is also negligibly affected in the thermal types, but in the hydraulic-magnetic types the core-weight effect becomes a factor. Fig. 4.4 shows the effect, for verti­cal-surface mounting and for two styles of horizontal­surface mounting.
(vertical plane)
100%
Wall-mounted (horiz. or vert. attitude)
Ceiling-mounted
Tripping time
Overcurrent
Fig. 4.4 Effect of Mounting Attitude on the Hydraulic-
Magnetic MCCB Tripping Curves
Fig. 4.5 Effects of Nonvertical-Plane Mounting on Current
4.4 DC Tripping Characteristics of AC-Rated MCCBs
Table 4.2 DC Tripping Characteristics
Trip unit
Thermal magnetic
Hydraulic magnetic
Long delay
No effect below 630A frame. Above this, AC types cannot be used for DC.
DC minimum-trip values are 110~140% of AC values.
Instantaneous
DC inst.-trip current is approx. 130% of AC value.
107%
107%
Rating
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
100%
93%
ON
ON
93%
Tripping curve
AC
Tripping time
Tripping time
DC
Overcurrent
AC
DC
Overcurrent
90%110%
4.5 Frequency Characteristics
At commercial frequencies the characteristics of Mitsubishi MCCBs of below 630A frame size are vir­tually constant at both 50Hz and 60Hz (except for the E Line models, the characteristics of MCCBs of 2000A frame and above vary due to the CT used with the delay element).
At high frequencies (e.g., 400Hz), both the current capacity and delay tripping curves will be reduced by skin effect and increased iron losses.
Performance reduction will differ for different types; at 400Hz it will become 80% of the rating in breakers of maximum rated current for the frame size, and 90%
12
of the rating in breakers of half of the maximum rating for the frame size.
The instantaneous trip current will gradually in­crease with frequency, due to reverse excitation by eddy currents. The rise rate is not consistent, but around 400Hz it becomes about twice the value at 60Hz. Mitsubishi makes available MCCBs especially designed for 400Hz use. Apart from operating char­acteristics they are identical to standard MCCBs (S Line).
4.6 Switching Characteristics
Frame size 100 or less
225
400, 630
800 1000~2000 2500, 3000 3200, 4000
Operations per hour
120 120
60 20 20 10 10
Number of operations
Without current
8500 7000 4000 2500 2500 1500 1500
With current
1500 1000 1000
500 500 500 500
Total
10000
8000 5000 3000 3000 2000 2000
The MCCB, specifically designed for protective inter­ruption rather than switching, and requiring high-con­tact pressure and efficient arc-extinguishing capabil­ity, is expected to demonstrate inferior capability to that of a magnetic switch in terms of the number of operations per minute and operation life span. The specifications given in Table 4.3 are applicable where the MCCB is used as a switch for making and break-
Table 4.3 MCCB Switching Endurance
ing rated current.
Electrical tripping endurance in MCCBs with shunt or undervoltage tripping devices is specified as 10% of the mechanical-endurance number of operations quoted in IEC standards.
Shunt tripping or undervoltage tripping devices are intended as an emergency trip provision and should not be used for normal circuit-interruption purposes.
4.7 Dielectric Strength
In addition to the requirements of the various interna­tional standards, Mitsubishi MCCBs also have the impulse-voltage withstand capabilities given below (Table 4.4). The impulse voltage is defined as sub-
Table 4.4 MCCB Impulse Withstand Voltage (Uimp)
Type
NF
Line
MB
MB30-CS MB30-SP MB50-CP MB50-SP
MB100-SP MB225-SP
NF30-SP NF50-HP NF60-HP NF50-HRP NF100-SP NF100-HP NF100-SEP NF100-HEP NF160-SP NF160-HP NF250-SP NF250-HP NF250-SEP NF250-HEP
S
NF400-SP NF400-SEP NF400-HEP NF400-REP NF630-SP NF630-SEP NF630-HEP NF630-REP NF800-SEP NF800-HEP NF800-REP
NF800-REP NF1000-SS NF1250-SS NF1600-SS NF30-CS NF50-CP NF60-CP NF100-CP NF250-CP
C
NF400-CP NF630-CP NF800-CEP NF100-RP NF100-UP NF225-RP NF225-UP
U
NF400-UEP NF630-UEP NF800-UEP
stantially square-wave, with a crest length of
0.5~1.5µsec and a tail-length of 32~48µsec. The volt­age is applied between line and load terminals (MCCB off), and between live parts and ground (MCCB on).
Impulse-voltage (kA)
4 6
6
8 4
6 8 6 8
13
5. CIRCUIT BREAKER SELECTION
5.1 Circuit Breaker Selection Table
Following Table shows various characteristics of each breaker to consider selection and coordination with upstream devices or loads.
Characteristics
Standard : Standard characteristics MCCBs Low-inst : Low-inst. MCCBs for Discrimination
When a power fuse (PF) is used as a high-voltage protector, it must be coordinated with an MCCBs on the secondary side.
PF short-time tolerancs capacity
Pf.
MCCB operating characteristic curve
Tr.
MCCB1
MCCB2
Generator: Generator-Protection MCCBs
These MCCBs have long-time-delay operation shorter than standard type and low instantaneous operation.
Mag-Only : Magnetic trip only MCCBs
These are standard MCCBs minus the thermal tripping device. They have no time­delay tripping characteristic, providing protection only against large-magnitude short­circuit faults.
Low-inst.MCCBs
Time
Current
14
CIRCUIT BREAKER SELECTION TABLE
Frame (A)
Type
Rated current In (A)
Rated insulation voltage Ui (V) AC
AC Breaking capacity (kA rms)
IEC60947-2
Icu/Ics
Standard
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
690V 500V 440V 400V 230V
Hydraulic-magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
NF30-CS
3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30
500
– –
1.5/1.5 (415V)
1.5/1.5 (380V)
2.5/2 (240V) 23
339± 17
566± 28 10 132 ± 57 15 198 ± 86 20 265 ± 115 30 397 ± 172
30
NF30-SP
3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30
600
2.5/1
2.5/1 5/2 5/2
23
Hydraulic-magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
333± 10
555± 17 10 110 ± 35 15 165 ± 52 20 220 ± 70 30 330 ± 105
50
NF50-CP
10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50
600
2.5/1
2.5/1 5/2 5/2
23
Hydraulic-magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
10 110 ± 35 15 165 ± 52 20 220 ± 70 30 330 ± 105 40 440 ± 140 50 550 ± 175
Low-inst
Generator
Mag-Only
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Magnetic
Fixed ampere rating instantaneous
330± 6
550± 10 10 100 ± 20 15 150 ± 30 20 200 ± 40 30 300 ± 60
23
Magnetic Fixed ampere rating instantaneous
10 100 ± 20 15 150 ± 30 20 200 ± 40 30 300 ± 60 40 400 ± 80 50 500 ± 100
23
15
Frame (A)
Type
Rated current In (A)
Rated insulation voltage Ui (V) AC
AC Breaking capacity (kA rms)
IEC60947-2
Icu/Ics
Standard
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
690V 500V 440V 400V 230V
50
NF50-HP
10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50
600
7.5/4 10/5 10/5
25/13
234
Hydraulic-magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
10 110 ± 35 15 165 ± 52 20 220 ± 70 30 330 ± 105 40 440 ± 140 50 550 ± 175
60
NF60-CP
10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60
600
2.5/1
2.5/1 5/2 5/2
23
Hydraulic-magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
10 110 ± 35 15 165 ± 52 20 220 ± 70 30 330 ± 105 40 440 ± 140 50 550 ± 175 60 660 ± 210
Low-inst
Generator
Mag-Only
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
234
Magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
10 100 ± 20 15 150 ± 30 20 200 ± 40 30 300 ± 60 40 400 ± 80 50 500 ± 100
23
Magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
10 100 ± 20 15 150 ± 30 20 200 ± 40 30 300 ± 60 40 400 ± 80 50 500 ± 100 60 600 ± 120
16
Frame (A)
Type
Rated current In (A)
Rated insulation voltage Ui (V) AC
AC Breaking capacity (kA rms)
IEC60947-2
Icu/Ics
Standard
Low-inst
Generator
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
690V 500V 440V 400V 230V
Hydraulic-magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
60
NF60-HP
10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60
600
7.5/4 10/5 10/5
25/13
234
10 110 ± 35 15 165 ± 52 20 220 ± 70 30 330 ± 105 40 440 ± 140 50 550 ± 175 60 660 ± 210
100
NF100-CP NF100-SP
50, 60, 75, 100
600
7.5/4 10/5 10/5
25/13
23
Thermal, magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
50 750 ± 150 60 900 ± 180 75 1125 ± 225
100 1500 ± 300
23
Thermal, magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
50 300 ± 60 60 360 ± 72 75 450 ± 90
100 600 ± 120
15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100
Thermal, magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
100 1500 ± 300
Thermal, magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
100 600 ± 120
690
15/8 25/13 30/15 50/25
234
15 225 ± 45 20 300 ± 60 30 450 ± 90 40 600 ± 120 50 750 ± 150 60 900 ± 180 75 1125 ± 225
234
15 90 ± 18 20 120 ± 24 30 180 ± 36 40 240 ± 48 50 300 ± 60 60 360 ± 72 75 450 ± 90
Mag-Only
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
234 2 3
Magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
10 100 ± 20 15 150 ± 30 20 200 ± 40 30 300 ± 60 40 400 ± 80 50 500 ± 100 60 600 ± 120
Magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
100 1000 ± 200
50 500 ± 100 60 600 ± 120 75 750 ± 150
234
Magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
15 150 ± 30 20 200 ± 40 30 300 ± 60 40 400 ± 80 50 500 ± 100 60 600 ± 120 75 750 ± 150
100 1000 ± 200
17
Frame (A) 100
Type
Rated current In (A)
Rated insulation voltage Ui (V) AC
AC Breaking capacity (kA rms)
IEC60947-2
Icu/Ics
Standard
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
690V 500V 440V 400V 230V
Thermal, magnetic Adjustable ampere rating and fixed instantaneous
NF100-CP T/A
15 ~ 20, 20 ~ 25, 25 ~ 40 40 ~ 63, 63 ~ 80, 80 ~ 100
600
7.5/4 10/5 10/5
25/13
23
15 ~ 20 225 ± 45 20 ~ 25 300 ± 60 25 ~ 40 375 ± 75 40 ~ 63 600 ± 120 63 ~ 80 945 ± 189 80 ~ 100 1200 ± 240
50
NF50-HRP
15, 20, 30, 40, 50
690
2.5/1 20/10 30/15 30/15 85/43
23
Thermal, magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
15 225 ± 45 20 300 ± 60 30 450 ± 90 40 600 ± 120 50 750 ± 150
100
NF100-SP T/A
15 ~ 20, 20 ~ 25, 25 ~ 40 40 ~ 63, 63 ~ 80, 80 ~ 100
690
15/8 25/13 30/15 50/25
234
Thermal, magnetic Adjustable ampere rating and fixed instantaneous
15 ~ 20 225 ± 45 20 ~ 25 300 ± 60 25 ~ 40 375 ± 75 40 ~ 63 600 ± 120 63 ~ 80 945 ± 189 80 ~ 100 1200 ± 240
Low-inst
Generator
Mag-Only
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
15 150 ± 30 20 200 ± 40 30 300 ± 60 40 400 ± 80 50 500 ± 100
23
18
Frame (A)
Type
Rated current In (A)
15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100
100
NF100-HP T/ANF100-HP
15 ~ 20, 20 ~ 25, 25 ~ 40 40 ~ 63, 63 ~ 80, 80 ~ 100
NF100-RP
15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100
Rated insulation voltage Ui (V) AC
AC Breaking capacity (kA rms)
IEC60947-2
Icu/Ics
Standard
Low-inst
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
690V 500V 440V 400V 230V
690
5/3 30/15 50/25 50/25
100/50
234
Thermal, magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
15 225 ± 45 20 300 ± 60 30 450 ± 90 40 600 ± 120 50 750 ± 150 60 900 ± 180 75 1125 ± 225
100 1500 ± 300
690
5/3 30/15 50/25 50/25
100/50
234
Thermal, magnetic Adjustable ampere rating and fixed instantaneous
15 ~ 20 225 ± 45 20 ~ 25 300 ± 60 25 ~ 40 375 ± 75 40 ~ 63 600 ± 120 63 ~ 80 945 ± 189 80 ~ 100 1200 ± 240
690
42/42 125/125 125/125 125/125
23
Thermal, magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
15 225 ± 45 20 300 ± 60 30 450 ± 90 40 600 ± 120 50 750 ± 150 60 900 ± 180 75 1125 ± 225
100 1500 ± 300
Generator
Mag-Only
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
234
Magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
15 150 ± 30 20 200 ± 40 30 300 ± 60 40 400 ± 80 50 500 ± 100 60 600 ± 120 75 750 ± 150
100 1000 ± 200
19
Frame (A)
Type
Rated current In (A)
Rated insulation voltage Ui (V) AC
AC Breaking capacity (kA rms)
IEC60947-2
Icu/Ics
Standard
Low-inst
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
690V 500V 440V 400V 230V
Thermal, magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
NF100-UP NF100-SEP
15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100
690
10/5 200/200 200/200 200/200 200/200
234
15 225 ± 45 20 300 ± 60 30 450 ± 90 40 600 ± 120 50 750 ± 150 60 900 ± 180 75 1125 ± 225
100 1500 ± 300
15 ~ 20, 30 ~ 50, 60 ~ 100
Electronic trip relay Adjustable ampere rating Adjustable long time delay operating time, short time delay pick up, and instantaneous
Short time delay pick up current Variation is within ±15% of setting current
15 30-37.5-45-52.5-60-75­20 40-50-60-70-80-100-120­30 60-75-90-105-120-150­40 80-100-120-140-160­50 100-125-150-175-200­60 120-150-180-210-240­75 150-187.5-225-262.5-300-
100 200-250-300-350-400-
Instantaneous pick up current Variation is within ±15% of setting current
30 ~ 50 200 ~ 800 60 ~ 100 400 ~ 1600
100
690
15/8 25/13 30/15 50/25
34
2 to 10 Ir 90-105-120-150 140-160-200 180-210-240-300 200-240-280-320-400 250-300-350-400-500 300-360-420-480-600 375-450-525-600-750 500-600-700-800-1000
4 In ~ 16 In
NF100-HEP
15 ~ 20, 30 ~ 50, 60 ~ 100
690
5/3 30/15 50/25 50/25
100/50
34
Electronic trip relay Adjustable ampere rating Adjustable long time delay operating time, short time delay pick up, and instantaneous
Short time delay pick up current Variation is within ±15% of setting current
2 to 10 Ir
15 30-37.5-45-52.5-60-75-
90-105-120-150
20 40-50-60-70-80-100-120-
140-160-200
30 60-75-90-105-120-150-
180-210-240-300
40 80-100-120-140-160-
200-240-280-320-400
50 100-125-150-175-200-
250-300-350-400-500
60 120-150-180-210-240-
300-360-420-480-600
75 150-187.5-225-262.5-300-
375-450-525-600-750
100 200-250-300-350-400-
500-600-700-800-1000 Instantaneous pick up current Variation is within ±15% of setting current
4 In ~ 16 In 30 ~ 50 200 ~ 800 60 ~ 100 400 ~ 1600
Generator
Mag-Only
20
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Electronic trip relay
Adjustable ampere rating Adjustable long time delay operating time, short time delay pick up, and instantaneous
Rating: 15 ~ 20A, 30 ~ 50A, Inst. : Operating characteristics
3
60 ~ 100A must be adjusted as
follows. STD q 3 (Is setting) LTD : minimum setting
L = 12sec setting)
(T
3
Electronic trip relay Adjustable ampere rating Adjustable long time delay operating time, short time delay pick up, and instantaneous
Rating: 15 ~ 20A, 30 ~ 50A,
60 ~ 100A
Inst. : Operating characteristics
must be adjusted as follows. STD q 3 (Is setting) LTD : minimum setting
L = 12sec setting)
(T
Frame (A)
Type
Rated current In (A)
Rated insulation voltage Ui (V) AC
AC Breaking capacity (kA rms)
IEC60947-2
Icu/Ics
Standard
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
690V 500V 440V 400V 230V
Thermal, magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
NF160-SP
125, 150, 160
690
15/8 25/13 30/15 50/25
234
125 1750 ± 350 150 2100 ± 420 160 2240 ± 448
160
NF160-SP T/A
100 ~ 125, 125 ~ 160
690
15/8 25/13 30/15 50/25
234
Thermal, magnetic Adjustable ampere rating and fixed instantaneous
100 ~125 1400 ± 280 125 ~ 160 1400 ± 280
NF160-HP
125, 150, 160
690
5/3
30/8 50/13 50/13
100/25
234
Thermal, magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
125 1750 ± 350 150 2100 ± 420 160 2240 ± 448
Low-inst
Generator
Mag-Only
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
234 234
Magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
125 1250 ± 250 160 1600 ± 320
Magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
125 1250 ± 250 160 1600 ± 320
21
Frame (A)
Type
Rated current In (A)
160
NF160-HP T/A
125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250100 ~ 125, 125 ~ 160
NF250-CP
250
NF250-CP T/A
100 ~ 125, 125 ~ 160 150 ~ 200, 200 ~ 250
Rated insulation voltage Ui (V) AC
AC Breaking capacity (kA rms)
IEC60947-2
Icu/Ics
Standard
Low-inst
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
690V 500V 440V 400V 230V
Thermal, magnetic Adjustable ampere rating and fixed instantaneous
690
5/3
30/8 50/13 50/13
100/25
234
100 ~ 125 1400 ± 280 125 ~ 160 1400 ± 280
600
– 10/5 15/8 18/9
30/15
23
Thermal, magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
125 1750 ± 350 150 2100 ± 420 175 2450 ± 490 200 2800 ± 560 225 3150 ± 630 250 2500 ± 500
23
Thermal, magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
6 In 4 In
125 750 ± 150 500 ± 100 150 900 ± 180 600 ± 120 175 1050 ± 210 700 ± 140 200 1200 ± 240 800 ± 160 225 1350 ± 270 900 ± 180 250 1500 ± 300 1000 ± 200
600
– 10/5 15/8 18/9
30/15
23
Thermal, magnetic Adjustable ampere rating and fixed instantaneous
100 ~ 125 1400 ± 280 125 ~160 1400 ± 280 150 ~200 2100 ± 420 200 ~250 2500 ± 500
Generator
Mag-Only
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Magnetic
Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
125 1250 ± 250 150 1500 ± 300 175 1750 ± 350 200 2000 ± 400 225 2250 ± 450 250 2250 ± 450
23
22
Frame (A)
Type
Rated current In (A)
Rated insulation voltage Ui (V) AC
AC Breaking capacity (kA rms)
IEC60947-2
Icu/Ics
Standard
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
690V 500V 440V 400V 230V
Thermal, magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
NF250-SP
125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250
690
15/8 25/13 30/15 50/25
234
125 1750 ± 350 150 2100 ± 420 175 2450 ± 490 200 2800 ± 560 225 3150 ± 630 250 2500 ± 500
250
NF250-SP T/A
100 ~ 125, 125 ~ 160 150 ~ 200, 200 ~ 250
690
– 25/20 30/22 50/42
234
Thermal, magnetic Adjustable ampere rating and fixed instantaneous
100 ~125 1400 ± 280 125 ~ 160 1400 ± 280 150 ~200 2100 ± 420 200 ~250 2500 ± 500
NF250-HP
125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250
690
5/3
30/8 50/13 50/13
100/25
234
Thermal, magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
125 1750 ± 350 150 2100 ± 420 175 2450 ± 490 200 2800 ± 560 225 3150 ± 630 250 2500 ± 500
Low-inst
Generator
Mag-Only
Number of poles Automatic tripping
device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
Number of poles
Automatic tripping device
Rating (A) and Inst. (A)
234
Thermal, magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
6 In4 In 125 750 ± 150 500 ± 100 150 900 ± 180 600 ± 120 175 1050 ± 210 700 ± 140 200 1200 ± 240 800 ± 160 225 1350 ± 270 900 ± 180 250 1500 ± 300 1000 ± 200
234
Magnetic Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
125 1250 ± 250 150 1500 ± 300 175 1750 ± 350 200 2000 ± 400 225 2250 ± 450 250 2250 ± 450
Magnetic
Fixed ampere rating and instantaneous
125 1250 ± 250 150 1500 ± 300 175 1750 ± 350 200 2000 ± 400 225 2250 ± 450 250 2250 ± 450
234
23
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