Miranda FRS-3901 Installation Manual

DENSITÉ series

FRS-3901

3Gbps/HD/SD Embedded Audio

& Metadata

Processor

Guide to Installation and Operation

M932-9900-310

16 June 2014

Miranda Technologies

3499 Douglas-B.-Floreani

St-Laurent, Québec, Canada H4S 2C6

Tel. [phone]

Fax. [phone]

www.miranda.com

© 2014 Miranda Technologies

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901

Electromagnetic Compatibility

This equipment has been tested for verification of compliance with FCC Part 15, Subpart B requirements for
Class A digital devices.

NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to
part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference
when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate
radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communicati ons . Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause har mful
interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the requirements of the EMC directive
2004/108/CE:

• EN 55022 Class A radiated and conducted emissions

• EN 55024 Immunity of Information Technology Equipment

• EN 61000-3-2 Harmonic current injection

• EN 61000-3-3 Limitation of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker

• EN 61000-4-2 Electrostatic disc harge immunity

• EN 61000-4-3 Radiated electromagnetic field immunity – radio frequencies

• EN 61000-4-4 Electrical fast transient immunity

• EN 61000-4-5 Surge immunity

• EN 61000-4-11 Voltage dips, short interruptions and volta ge var iat ions immunity

Manufactured under licens e from Dolby Labor at ories . Dolby and the Double-D symbol are trademarks of Dolby
Laboratories.

How to contact us:

For technical assistance, please contact the Miranda Technical support center n earest you:

Americas

9:00 am – 9:00 pm EST
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

[e-mail]

Asia

9:30 am – 6:00 pm GMT+8
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

[e-mail]

Europe, UK, Middle East, Africa

9:00 am – 6:00 pm GMT
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

[e-mail]

Emergency After Hour s

(worldwide)

Tel: [phone]

-or­Tel: [phone]

and choose menu
option 2

France

9:00 am – 5:00 pm GMT+1
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

[e-mail]

China

9:30 am – 6:00 pm GMT+8
Tel: [phone]

[e-mail]

(Playout Automation Only)

9:00 am – 5:30 pm GMT
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

[e-mail]

Visit our web site at www.miranda.com

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901

Table of Contents

1 FRS-3901 3Gbps/HD/SD Frame Synchronizer with Embedded Audio Processor ............... 1

1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Features .............................................................................................................................................. 2

1.3 Functional Block Diagram ................................................................................................................... 3

1.4 Front Card-edge Interface ................................................................................................................... 3

2 Installation ................................................................................................................................ 4

2.1 Installation of Rear Connector Panels ................................................................................................ 4

2.2 Card Installation .................................................................................................................................. 5

2.3 Rear Panels and Connectors .............................................................................................................. 5

2.3.1 Images of rear connector panels ........................................................................................... 5

2.4 Optional Audio Module Installation ..................................................................................................... 7

3 User Interface ........................................................................................................................... 8

3.1 Control options .................................................................................................................................... 8

3.2 Card-Edge Status LED ....................................................................................................................... 8

4 Local control using the Densité frame control panel ............................................................ 9

4.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................. 9

4.2 Menu for local control .......................................................................................................................... 9

5 Remote control using iControl .............................................................................................. 10

5.1 The iControl graphic interface window .............................................................................................. 10

5.2 Video Input/Output panel .................................................................................................................. 13

5.2.1 Deglitcher tab ....................................................................................................................... 13

5.2.2 Freeze tab ............................................................................................................................ 15

5.2.3 Timing tab ............................................................................................................................ 16

5.3 Metadata panel ................................................................................................................................. 17

5.3.1 GPI tab ................................................................................................................................. 17

5.3.2 AFD tab ................................................................................................................................ 18

5.4 Video Processing Panel .................................................................................................................... 21

5.4.1 Basic tab .............................................................................................................................. 21

5.4.2 Advanced tab ....................................................................................................................... 22

5.5 Audio Processing panel .................................................................................................................... 22

5.5.1 Audio Proc – Levels tab ....................................................................................................... 23

5.5.2 Audio Proc – Fixed Delay tab .............................................................................................. 24

5.5.3 Audio Proc – Silence tab ...................................................................................................... 24

5.5.4 Downmix .............................................................................................................................. 25

5.5.5 Status tab ............................................................................................................................. 27

5.6 Miranda ALC panel ........................................................................................................................... 28

5.6.1 Config tab ............................................................................................................................. 28

5.6.2 PGM1-8 tabs ........................................................................................................................ 29

5.7 Dynamic Processing panel ............................................................................................................... 31

5.8 Audio Modules panel ........................................................................................................................ 34

5.9 Dolby Metadata panel ....................................................................................................................... 34

5.9.1 Config tab ............................................................................................................................. 34

5.9.2 Input/Output tab ................................................................................................................... 42

5.10 Audio Output panel ........................................................................................................................... 43

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FRS-3901

5.10.1

CH 1-2, CH 3-4, … CH 15-16 tabs ....................................................................................... 43

5.10.2 Config tab ............................................................................................................................. 44

5.11 Loudness Panel ................................................................................................................................. 44

5.11.1 Loudness | Config panel ....................................................................................................... 45

5.11.2 Loudness | PGM panel ......................................................................................................... 46

5.11.3 Loudness | Logging Pan el .................................................................................................... 48

5.12 Fingerprint panel ................................................................................................................................ 48

5.13 Reference panel ................................................................................................................................ 49

5.14 Monitoring panel ................................................................................................................................ 50

5.14.1 Thumbnails tab ..................................................................................................................... 50

5.14.2 RALM tab .............................................................................................................................. 50

5.15 Test panel .......................................................................................................................................... 51

5.16 Factory/Presets panel ........................................................................................................................ 52

5.16.1 Factory/Presets tab .............................................................................................................. 52

5.16.2 Automatic Preset Recall tab ................................................................................................. 56

5.17 Options panel .................................................................................................................................... 59

5.17.1 Dynamic Processing option: ................................................................................................. 60

5.17.2 ALC option ............................................................................................................................ 60

5.17.3 Loudness Measurement option ............................................................................................ 61

5.18 Alarm Config panel ............................................................................................................................ 62

5.19 Info panel ........................................................................................................................................... 65

6 Audio Modules ....................................................................................................................... 67

6.1 Dolby E and Dolby Digital decoder .................................................................................................... 67

6.1.1 Control tab ............................................................................................................................ 67

6.1.2 Dolby E tab ........................................................................................................................... 68

6.1.3 Dolby Digital tab ................................................................................................................... 69

6.1.4 PCM tab ................................................................................................................................ 69

6.2 Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus encoder .................................................................................... 70

6.2.1 Shuffler Inputs ...................................................................................................................... 70

6.2.2 Configuration ........................................................................................................................ 70

6.2.3 Status:................................................................................................................................... 71

6.3 Dolby E encoder ................................................................................................................................ 72

6.3.1 Input channel selection ......................................................................................................... 72

6.3.2 Configuration ........................................................................................................................ 72

6.3.3 Status:................................................................................................................................... 73

6.4 Upmixing using Linear Acoustic Technology upMAXTM .................................................................... 73

6.5 N-channel ALC and upmix licensed by Linear Acoustic .................................................................... 75

6.5.1 Config tab ............................................................................................................................. 76

6.5.2 Basic tab ............................................................................................................................... 77

6.5.3 Advanced Configuration – ALC PGM 1 & 2 ......................................................................... 78

6.5.4 Upmix using Linear Acoustic UpMAXtm ................................................................................ 83

6.6 N-channel ALC licensed by Jünger Audio & upmix by Linear Acoustic ............................................ 84

6.6.1 ALC Models .......................................................................................................................... 84

6.6.2 Program Configurations........................................................................................................ 84

6.6.3 Loudness Monitoring ............................................................................................................ 89

6.6.4 ALC PGMx Configuration ..................................................................................................... 90

6.6.5 Notes .................................................................................................................................... 93

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FRS-3901

7 Specifications......................................................................................................................... 94

ANNEX 1 – FRS-3901 Local User Interface ................................................................................ 96

ANNEX 2 – Installing the Optical Interface ................................................................................. 98

ANNEX 3 – Installing the Audio Module ................................................................................... 100

ANNEX 4 – Dolby Digital Main Channel Output Functions ..................................................... 103

ANNEX 5 – AFD Flags ................................................................................................................ 104

ANNEX 6 – Loudness Logging and the Miranda Audio Loudness Analyzer ......................... 106

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 1

1 FRS-3901 3Gbps/HD/SD Frame Synchroniz er w ith Embedded Audio

Processor

1.1 Introduction

The FRS-3901 is a highly integrated module which offers frame synchronization and video/audio processing, including
color correction and delay, for 3G, HD and SD signals in 3Gbps/HD/SD hybrid plants. The FRS-3901 features an
advanced embedded audio processor which can simultaneously process up to 32 channels of audio (16 channels of
embedded audio from the video plus others generated internally). Functions include downmixing, Proc Amp, channel
shuffling and mixing. Options include Automatic Loudness Control, dynamic processing (limiter, compressor, and
expander) and loudness measurement. The FRS-3901 generates audio/video fingerprints (via an iControl option) to

detect and measure lip-sync errors in a broadcast facility.

The new loudness measurement option allows the measurement and logging of up to 4 audio programs with iControl
Loudness Monitoring software to analyze and report compliance with respect to various loudness legislations around
the world (See iControl Loudness Monitoring).

The FRS-3901 has one on-board socket for optional modules, including Dolby E and Dolby Digital decoding, upmixing

using Linear Acoustic upMAX™ technology, Dolby E encoding, Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus encoding. In
addition to Miranda’s own automatic loudness control (ALC) solution for up to eight programs, the AMX-3981 offers
ALC using the AEROMAX™ technology by Linear Acoustic, or Level Magic™ by Jünger Audio, implemented using
optional modules.

The card will pass and delay automatically all 32 internal audio channels to preserve lip-sync between the channels.
Each channel can be delayed independently to correct any lip-sync issues. All audio channels can be mixed and
shuffled to provide 16 channels for embedding in the video output.

An Automatic Preset Recall feature provides basic automation to select user preset based on the status of the
incoming audio.

When genlocked to an external reference or to the frame reference using the internal URS signal, the FRS-3901 can
handle video hot switches at the input without losing sync at the output. In absence of the video input, the card can
freeze the output to the last good frame, field or black.

The card has a frame buffer which allows an increase in the video delay of up to 15 frames to compensate for the long

audio processing delay required by some modules.
The FRS-3901 has 3 GPIO that can be used as input or output to embed or extract GPI events to/from the Time Code

user bits in transport applications, or they can be used simultaneously to trigger the card's user presets.
Dolby Metadata insertion in the VANC is possible from multiple sources, such as a Dolby E decoder module, an

embedded VANC stream, an external RS-422 link, or from the integrated Metadata generator. All parameters in the
Metadata stream can be probed and monitored. Dolby Metadata can be used to steer the behavior of the audio
downmix and upmix modules.

The FRS-3901-3SRP-R rear module has a bypass relay that can be used to bypass the main input directly to the
output in the event of card failure, loss of power, or card removal.

The FRS-3901-3SRP-F rear module has a fiber input/output cartridge. Once the cartridge is installed, the inputs or
outputs are selectable through the control interface. The input of the card allows you to select between fiber and
copper inputs. The outputs are via copper and fiber simultaneously (with appropriate fiber cartridge).

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2 | FRS-3901

1.2 Features

Video

• 3Gbps/HD/SD frame synchronizer, delay and line sync

• Supports 3Gbps level A (mapping 1) and level B

• Flexible HD/SD reference using the internal URS frame reference or external reference support

• Video delay up to 15 frames

• Audio/Video deglitcher to handle video hot switch at the input

• Automatic detection of input video loss and switchover to local grey for continuity of embedded audio

• Built-in Proc Amp with YUV/RGB color correction

• Bypass relay with FRS-3901-3SRP-R rear module

• Optional optical fiber module with FRS-3N01-3SRP-F rear module

• Compatible with iControl end-to-end A/V fingerprint analyzer for lip-sync error detection and measurement

Audio

• Full audio shuffling and mixing on a channel basis

• 32 channels internal audio processing

• Audio 5.1 surround down-mix to Lt/Rt or Lo/Ro

• Optional on-board Automatic Loudness Control with Miranda Wideband processing

• Optional loudness measurement of up to 4 audio programs and logging with iControl

• Loudness compliant to EBU R128, ATSC A/85 and ARIB TR-B32 (up to ITU-R BS.1770-3)

• Optional on-board Audio dynamic processor option (compressor/limiter/expander)

• Automation capabilities based on audio signal type detection

• Audio delay adjustments of up to 2 seconds to compensate for lip-sync issues

• Compatible with iControl end-to-end A/V fingerprint analyzer for lip-sync measurement

• On-board socket for 1 optional expansion module:

o Dolby E and Dolby Digital decoder module
o Dolb y E encoder module
o Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus encoder module

o Linear Acoustic upMAX™
o Linear Acoustic AEROMAX™ Automatic Loudness Control
o Jünger Audio LevelMagic™ Automatic Loudness Control

Metadata

• AFD (SMPTE-2016), VLI (RP-186) and WSS insertion

• Audio Metadata insertion and extraction (SMPTE 2020-A)

• RS-422 serial data input & output to carry audio metadata

• 3 GPI inputs & outputs that can be inserted or extracted in the time code user bits. They can also be used for

automation, user preset recall and loudness reset.

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FRS-3901 | 3

1.3 Functional Block Diagram

Figure 1.1 FRS-3901 Functional Block Diagram

1.4 Front Card-edge Interface

The front card-edge of the FRS-3901 incorporates
two elements:

• Status LED (see section 3.2)

• Select Button (see section 4)

Figure 1.2 Front card-edge layout

Select Button

IRD-3802

Status LED

St

atu

s
Select

FRS-3901

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4 | FRS-3901

2 Installation

2.1 Installation of Rear Connector Panels

Miranda Densité-series cards are each associated with a rear connector panel, which must be installed in the Densité
frame before the card can be inserted.

The FRS-3901 card is designed to fit into Miranda’s Densité-3 frame. Three different rear connector panels are
available:

• FRS-3901-3SRP Single-slot-width panel

• FRS-3901-3SRP-R Single-slot-width panel with integral bypass relay

• FRS-3901-3SRP-F Single-slot-width panel with fiber I/O

See section 2.3 for details of the signal connections available on each of these panel types.
All cards and rear panels can be installed with the frame power on. The card has connectors which plug into a mid-

frame mother board for distribution of power and for connection to the controller card, and a second connector which
plugs directly into the rear connector panel for input and output.

The rear connector panel must be installed with the card out of the frame.

• To remove an existing card from the slot, tilt up the swivel handle on the front of the card to lever the connectors
apart, then use the handle to pull the card straight out of the slot.

Figure 2.1 Densité-3 frame – rear panel installation

To install the connector panel:

1. If a card is installed in the slot whose rear panel is being changed, remove it as described above.

2. Remove the existing panel (either blank or belonging to an existing card that is being changed) by releasing the
captive screw(s) at the bottom.

3. Position the new panel and secure it in place with the captive screw(s) at the bottom.

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FRS-3901 | 5

2.2 Card Installation

Once a matching rear connector panel has been installed, install the FRS-3901 card as follows:

1. Open the front panel of the frame.

2. Slide the FRS-3901 card into the slot and push gently on the handle to seat the connectors.

3. Close the front panel of the frame.

2.3 Rear Panels and Connectors

2.3.1 Images of rear connector panels

The three available rear panels are shown in the figure below, and their various inputs and outputs are described.

REF IN – Studio reference input
For external synchronization, connect a black studio reference signal to the BNC labeled REF IN.

The reference input must conform to SMPTE 170M/SMPTE 318M/ITU 624-4/BUT 470-6 for standard definition
signals and SMPTE 274M / SMPTE 296M for high definition signals and is used to phase the HD/SD SDI outputs to
the studio. A reference mismatch may occur if there is a difference between the input video format’s frame rate and
the reference format’s frame rate. When a mismatch occurs, the output will freeze to the reference frame rate and
produce an input error and the card-edge Status LED will turn red to indicate the mismatch.

Note that in the case of HD signals of the same frame rate, any reference signal may be used to genlock any output
signal, regardless of scan type (progressive or interlaced). When a 720p/tri-level sync reference signal is used with an
interlaced output, the output is synchronized but there may be a delay of one field depending on when the
synchronization started.

Figure

2-1 FRS-3901 rear panels

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6 | FRS-3901

3G/HD/SD IN – Serial digital 3G/HD/SD input

Connect a serial digital video signal, conforming to the SMPTE 425M standard for 3G input signals, SMPTE 292M
standard for HD input signals or SMPTE 259M standard for SD input signals, to the BNC labeled 3G/HD/SD IN. The
FRS-3901 will automatically switch to the detected line/frame rate format.

• NOTE - The input signal must be locked to the reference in use (either the external reference or the URS)

3G/HD/SD OUT – Serial digital video outputs

The FRS-3901 provides four 3G/HD/SD SDI video outputs on BNC connectors, labeled 3G/HD/SD OUT 1 through 4
(but note that OUT 4 is not available on the –F and –R rears). The SDI video signal conforms to the SMPTE 425M,
SMPTE 292M or SMPTE 259M-C standard. The same signal is carried on all outputs.

GPI / RS-422 B – GPI I/O and Metadata I/O

GPI and RS-422 signals are carried on an RJ-45 connector. The pinout is shown in
the table.

Fiber I/O – Fiber-optic inputs and outputs

The FRS-3901-3SRP–F rear panel incorporates a fiber optic interface. The interface consists of two parts:

• A socket on the rear panel into which an SFP interface module is plugged

• An SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) module into which the optical fibers are plugged, and which incorporates

the optical/elect r ic a l int er f a c e

The optical fibers must be terminated in an LC connector.
See Annex 3 for instructions on installing and removing the SFP interface module, and for plugging and unplugging

the LC-terminated fibers.
The SFP modules supported by the FRS-3901 are:

SFP Modules

Description

SFP-RR-LC Dual Rx module with LC connector
SFP-TT-S13S13-LC Dual Tx module at 1310 nm with LC connector
SFP-RT-S13-LC Single Rx and Tx transceiver module at 1310 nm with LC connector
SFP-R-LC Single Rx module with LC connector
SFP-T-S13-LC Single Tx module at 1310 nm with LC connector

Function

Pin #

GPIO USER1

7

GPIO USER2

5

GPIO USER3

4

RS422-RX1-1

1

RS422-RX1-0

2

RS422-TX2-1

3

RS422-TX2-0

6

GND

8

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FRS-3901 | 7

2.4 Optional Audio Module Installation

The FRS-3901 may be equipped with an option al aud io module. The audio module must be installed into a socket on
the FRS-3901 card.

See ANNEX 4 – Installing the Audio Module beginning on page 100 for complete installation instructions.

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8 | FRS-3901

3 User Interface

3.1 Control options

The FRS-3901 can be controlle d in three different ways:

• The local control panel and its push-buttons can be used to move through a menu of parameters and to adjust
parameter values (see section 4).

• Miranda’s iControl system can be used to access the card’s operating parameters from a remote computer, using
a convenient graphical user interface (GUI) (see section 5).

• Miranda’s RCP-200 panel (check for availability).

3.2 Card-Edge Status LED

The status monitor LED is located on the front card-edge of the FRS-3901, and is visible through the front access door
of the DENSITÉ frame. This multi-color LED indicates the status of the FRS-3901 by color, and by flashing/steady
illumination.

The chart shows how the various error conditions that can be flagged on the FRS-3901 affect the LED status.

• If a cell is gray, the error condition cannot cause the LED to assume that status

• If more than one LED status is possible for a particular error condition, the status is configurable.

See Sec t ion 5.16 for details.

• The factory default status is shown by a 

The LED will always show the most

severe detected error status that it is
configured to display, and in the chart
error severity increases from left to
right, with green representing no
error/disabled, and flashing red the
most severe error.

If the LED is Flashing Yellow, it
means that the card is selected for
local control using the Densité frame’s
control panel. See Section 4 for
details.

Error Condition

LED Status

Green

Yellow

Red

Flashing

Red

Cooling Fan 1 error



FPGA error



Dataflash Error



No Rear



AES Receiver 1 error

AES receiver 8 error





Reference missing



Reference mismatch



Test Mode



Carrier 1 detect error



AES 1 Presence error

AES 8 Presence error





Silence detected Channel 1 

Silence detected Channel 32



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FRS-3901 | 9

4 Local control using the Densité fra me control panel

4.1 Overview

Push the SELECT button on the FRS-3901 card edge
(see Section 1.4) to assign the local control panel to
operate the FRS-3901. Use the control panel buttons to
navigate through the menu, as described below.

All of the cards installed in a Densité frame are
connected to the frame’s controller card, which handles
all interaction between the cards and the outside wor ld .
There are no operating controls located on the cards
themselves. The controller supports remote operation
via its Ethernet ports, and local operation using its
integrated control panel.

The local control panel is fastened to the front of the
CPU-ETH2 controller card, and when installed is
located in the front center of the frame, positioned in front of the power supplies. The panel consists of a display unit
capable of displaying two lines of text, each 16 characters in length, and five pushbuttons.

The panel is assigned to operate any card in the frame by pushing the SELECT button on the front edge of that card.

• Pushing the CONTROLLER button on the control panel selects the Controller card itself.

• The STATUS LED on the selected card flashes yellow.

The local control panel displays a menu that can be navigated using the four pushbuttons located beside the display.
The functionality of the pushbuttons is as follows:

[+] [–] Used for menu navigation and value modification
[SELECT] Gives access to the next menu level. When a parameter value is shown, pushing this button once

enables modification of the value using the [+] and [–] buttons; a second push confirms the new value

[ESC] Cancels the effect of parameter value changes that have not been confirmed; pushing [ESC] causes the

parameter to revert to its former value.

Pushing [ESC] moves the user back up to the previous menu level. At the main menu, [ESC] does not

exit the menu system. To exit, re-push the [SELECT] button for the card being controlled.

If no controls are operated for 30 seconds, the controller reverts to its normal standby status, and the selected card’s
STATUS LED reverts to its normal operating mode.

4.2 Menu for local control

The FRS-3901 has operating parameters which may be adjusted locally at the controller card interface.

• Press the SELECT button on the FRS-3901 front card edge to assign the Densité frame’s local control panel
to the FRS-3901

• Use the keys on the local control panel to step through the displayed menu to configure and adjust the FRS-

3901.

The complete menu structure is shown in Annex 1 to this document, beginning on page 95.

Figure

4.1 Densité Frame local control panel

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10 | FRS-3901

5 Remot e c ont rol using iControl

The operation of the FRS-3901 may be controlled using Miranda’s iControl system.

• This manual describes the control pan els ass oci ated w ith the FRS-3901 and their use.

• Please consult the iControl User’s Guide for information about setting up and operating iControl.

In iControl Navigator or iControl Websites, double-click on the FRS-3901 icon to open the control panel.

5.1 The iControl graphic interface window

The basic window structure for the FRS-3901 is shown in figure 5.1. The window identification line gives the card type
(FRS-3901) and the slot number where the card is installed in its Densité frame.

There are four main sections in the window itself, identified in figure 5.1:

Section 1. The top section displays six icons on the left. These icons report different statuses such as card
communication status, input signal and reference signal format and statuses. In some instances, they relate to
conditions defined through parameters settings.

Icon # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Move the mouse over an icon and a status message appears below the icon providing additional information.

If there is an error, the error status message appears in the message area without mouse-over.

Figure

5-1 FRS-3901 iControl graphic interface window

4

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FRS-3901 | 11

• If there are multiple errors, the error messages cycle so all can be seen

• The icon whose status or error message is shown is highlighted with a mauve background

The table below describes the various status icons that can appear, and how they are to be interpreted.

• In cases where there is more than one possible interpretation, read the error message in the iControl window to
see which applies.

Table –iControl Status Icon interpretation

Icon #1 – Manual Card Configuration

(green)

Remote card control activated. The iControl interface can be used to operate the card

(yellow)

Local card control active, The card is being controlled using the Densité frame control
panel, as described in section 4. Any changes made using the iControl interface will have
no effect on the card.

Icon #2 – Input status

(green)

Signal detected and valid.

• Beneath the icon, the format will be indicated as 3G, HD or SD, and the specific
format details will be listed if the cursor is moved over the icon.

(red)

Signal absent
No rear
Reference mismatch
Video/TRS error

Icon #3 – Operation Mode

(green)

Operation mode: process – normal processing of the input signal

(yellow)

Operation mode: TEST – color bar and audio test tones enabled (see Sect. 5.13)

(yellow)

Operation mode: Manual Freeze ON (see Sect. 5.2 – Freeze tab)

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12 | FRS-3901

Icon #4 – Audio Status

(green)

Audio OK

(yellow)

Yellow alarm condition detected on 1 or more channels

(red)

Red alarm condition detected on 1 or more channels

Icon #5 – Reference

(green)

Reference OK. Mouse over to see the source of the reference, and its format, e.g.
External, NTSC

(red)

Reference missing. The reference is required for correct deglitcher operation.

(gray)

Reference absent

Icon #6 – Operation Mode

(green)

Hardware OK

(red)

Hardware Health Monitoring (Fan1, Fan2, Hardware fault detected)
If this icon appears red, return the card to Miranda and specify the error code.

Section 2. The left portion of the window contains all the parameter groups, which become highlighted when they are
selected; the main panel (4) then displays the group’s set of parameters. Each of the groups is described in detail
below.

Section 3. The lower left corner of the window identifies the Preset currently in use or “Custom” if none is applicable.
Section 4. The main panel contains all the parameters specific to the group selected. It may contain several tabs to

help manage the different parameters.
Each of the panels assoc iated with the groups access ed from the buttons in Section 2, and show n in Section 4, is

described individually in the following sections.

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 13

5.2 Video Input/Output panel

This panel allows input selection, control of the deglitcher
and freeze functions, and timing delay.

Input Select: In this release, there is only one input, so the
pulldown is inactive.

Bypass Relay: select the checkbox to activate the bypass
relay in the FRS-3901-3SRP-R rear panel

• This connects the rear panel input directly to output 2,
bypassing the card.

• The checkbox will be only be displayed if a rear panel
with a bypass relay is installed.

5.2.1 Deglitcher tab

When the Deglitcher is active, the card supports a
hot-switch between two signals without producing a
freeze on the frame buffer, and without producing
artifacts on the output.

• In order to enable the deglitcher, a valid
external reference signal must be installed or
the URS signal must be selected as the
reference in the Reference panel
(see section 5.13)

Deglitcher: select OFF or ON from the pulldown
For this mode to function correctly, the following

requirements must be met:

• The two inputs must be synchronized to the reference

• They must be phased within one line of each other

• They must be phased to within +/- ½ line of the HREF of the reference signal

The offset from the VREF can be variable, but a distance of greater than 10 lines could create an artifact in the active
video. If the two signals are more than 1 line apart, we will see a vertical jump at the moment of switching that is
proportional to the number of vertical lines of offset between the two signals. This will last for only one frame. There
may also be problems in the transition when in the AFD automatic or forced mode.

Figure

5-3 Video Input/Output – Deglitcher tab

Figure

5-2 Video Input/Output panel

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

14 | FRS-3901

When a reference is present and the deglitcher is active, the card reports the difference in timing between the input
and the reference when the transition occurs.

• If the reference is missing when the deglitcher is activated, the Input timing to reference box will indicate
“Missing reference” in red, and the reference status icon at the top of the iControl window will turn red and show
the message “Reference missing”.

• If the deglitcher is OFF, the reference status icon will be grey, and its message will read “Reference absent”

To perform a glitch-free switch between two
sources, they must be in the same clean switch
region. A clean switch region is contained within
± ½ line about an H=0 point in the reference
signal, as shown by the dotted lines in the
figure. There is a clean switch region centered
on every H interval. As you can see, vertical
alignment with the reference is not important for
the deglitcher to operate properly.

Referring to the figure on the right, you may
switch between signals A, B or C, without any
glitch, and also between signals DE and
signals FG. Any other transition, like AD,
will cause a vertical image shift for one frame.

To determine whether a clean hot switch is
possible, you need to determine whether the two
input signals lie in the same clean switch region. There are two ways to measure the position of the signals with
respect to the reference:

• Use the deglitcher tab in iControl (InputDeglitcher)

• Use the controller menu in Annex 1 (videotimingin timing to ref).

When the deglitcher mode is on, each of these sources will display the alignment offset between the reference signal
and the input signal. Knowing the offset for both input signals, you can determine if they are in the same clean switch
region. If so, any hot-switch between those two signals will be glitchless.

To determine the limits of a clean switch region, you must know the input’s line length in µs. The first region is
delimited by +½ line and -½ line of the reference. For example, with an SD (525) signal the line length is 63.5 µs and
so the first region lies between -31.76 µs and 31.76 µs. Other regions can be found by adding or removing a multiple
of line length to the two boundaries.

Example: for an SD (525) input signal, we have these clean switch regions:

-1 line and -31.76 µs to 0 line and -31.76 µs
0 line and -31.76 µs to 0 line and 31.76 µs
0 line and 31.76 µs to 1 line and 31.76 µs
etc.

Practical examples:

Example 1: we have two SD (525) sources, one that indicates an offset of -25 µs with respect to the reference (A)
and the other an offset of -35 µs (B). We know that a clean switch region limit is present at -½ line, which corres ponds
to -31.76 µs. We can now determine that this switch will not be clean, because the two sources are on opposite sides
of the limit, and are therefore not in the same clean switch region.

Ref signal

Signal A
Signal B
Signal C
Signal D
Signal E
Signal F
Signal G

H=½ line H=½ line

H = 0

Line = x

H = 0

Line = x+1

clean switch region #2

H = 0

Line = x-1

clean switch region #3

clean switch region #1

H=0
V=1

H=0
V=1

H=0
V=1

H=0
V=1

H=0
V=1

H=0
V=1

H=0
V=1

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FRS-3901 | 15

Ref signal

Signal A
Signal B

H=½ line H = 0

Line = 0

H = 0

Line = -1

H=0
V=1

H=0
V=1

-25us

-31.76us

-35us

clean switch region #1 clean switch region #2

Example 2: We have two SD (525) sources, one that indicates an offset of 50µs with respect to the reference (A) and
the other an offset of 40µs (B). We know that a clean switch region limit is present at + ½ line and another one at ½
line plus one line. These correspond to 31.76µs and 95.28µs. We can now determine that this switch will be clean,
because the two sources are inside the same clean switch region.

Ref signal

Signal A
Signal B

H=½ line H = 0

Line = 0

40us

31.76us

50us

clean switch region #2

H=½ line

H=0
V=1

H=0
V=1

H = 0

Line = 1

H=½ line

clean switch region #3

95.28us

5.2.2 Freeze tab

Freeze type: This is a pull-down menu with four
options – FIELD 1, FIELD 2, FRAME and BLACK. It
determines the manner in which the FRS-3901
responds to a manual freeze, a video input switch
(“hotswitch” as defined by SMPTE recommended
practice RP-168, revised January 2002), a loss of
input signal or other input errors. The four possible
options yield the following results:

Figure

5-4 Video Input/Output – Freeze tab

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16 | FRS-3901

Freeze Type

Auto Freeze Mode

Manual Mode

• Field 1
Freeze to last valid FIELD

Freeze to last valid FIELD 1

• Field 2

Freeze to last valid FIELD 2

•

Frame

Freeze to last valid FRAME

• Black

Freeze to BLACK

Auto Freeze: This pulldown (ON/OFF) enables or disables the auto freeze function. In Auto Freeze mode, a
reference must be present to ensure a glitchless output when a freeze is activated. There are only two freeze
possibilities in Auto mode: free ze to last vali d Field or freeze to black. When Auto Freeze mode is disabled, the
content of the active picture will reflect whatever garbage is present at the input but, if a reference is present, the
output synchronization will be maintained to avoid unlocking downstream equipment.

Manual: Select this checkbox to immediately freeze the output according to the selected Freeze Type mode.
Note: The manual freeze setting is saved in the non-volatile memory of the card. If the manual freeze is activated and

the power is cycled, the card will start in freeze mode at the next power-up and the output will be invalid. Just turn off
the manual freeze to restore the output.

In all cases, audio will be muted when there is an input error. See the audio section for more information.

5.2.3 Timing tab

The Timing tab provides access to timing
adjustments which affect the signal outputs. There
are three slider controls, each with a data reporting
box which shows the current value, and into which
values can be typed directly. The total delay is
reported at the top of the window.

Vertical (lines): With this adjustment, a value ranging
from –16 to +16 lines compared to the reference or
the processing delay, may be set. This adjustment
can be used in conjunction with the horizo ntal timing
adjustment.

Horizontal (µsec): With this adjustment, a value
ranging from zero to the equivalent of 1 horizontal
line in the current operating format compared to the
reference or the frame boundary may be set.

Frame Delay (frames): This parameter affects the
overall processing delay of the card. It adds
supplemental frame delay to the current processing
delay. This parameter will add a delay ranging from 1 to 15 interlaced frames (steps of 33 ms in 59.94 Hz and 40 ms
in 50 Hz) to the current processing delay. Without a reference, the normal processing delay is 1 frame. You can
extend this delay up to16 frames using this slider. With a reference, up to 15 frames can be added to the frame sync
delay which depends on the timings between the input and the reference.

Note that, in order to compensate for the processing delay of a Dolby E and Dolby Digital decoder or a Dolby E
encoder installed on the AMX-3981 card, the frame delay must be set to at least one (1) frame. On the other hand, if
a Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus encoder is installed, the frame delay must be set to at least seven (7) frames for

59.94 Hz formats and at least six (6) frames for 50 Hz formats.

Figure

5-5 Video Input/Output – Timing tab

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FRS-3901 | 17

5.3 Metadata panel

This panel contains two tabs that give access to metadata processing on the FRS-3901 card:

• GPI

• AFD

5.3.1 GPI tab

The FRS-3901 can both de-embed and embed GPI data
from/to timecode. As well, GPI inputs can be used to load
user presets on the FRS-3901 card, or reset loudness
measurements

GPI status: the icons show the status of the three GPI
inputs on the rear panel.

Timecode Presence: Shows the time codes that are
available for embedding / de-embedding the GPI data.
Embed and De-embed are shown separately for SD
timecode, since they can be on different line numbers.

Load Presets: Use the pulldown lists to select what will
occur when each of the three rear-panel GPI inputs is
activated and released. Options are:

• Do nothing

• Load one of the five User Presets

• Reset the loudness measurement (see RESET on

page 45)

GPI Embedding / De-embedding: set up the embedding or
de-embedding of GPI data in the output and input data
streams. For each of the three GPIs:

Mode: use the pulldown list to select the operating mode for this GPI:

• OFF – the GPI is passed through untouched

• De-embed – a pre-defined user binary group bit from timecode within the incoming signal is de-embedded and

appears on the rear-panel GPI port
 When De-embed is selected, use the Bit pulldown list to select which of the user binary group bits (1-16) will

be extracted to this GPI.

• Embed – the data placed on the rear-panel GPI port is embedded to a pre-defined user binary group bit within
timecode in the outgoing data stream.

 When Embed is selected, use the Bit pulldown list to set which of the user binary group bits (1-16) will be

used to carry the GPI data.

GPI Embedding Config

SD Insertion Line (SD signals only): Select the line into which the GPI data will be embedded [10-20 for 525 and 7-22
for 625] provided DVITC time code is present.

Insertion (3G/HD signals only): select the ATC format [ATC-VITC, ATC-LTC or BOTH] into which the GPI data will be
embedded, provided the selected ATC format is present

Figure

5-6 Metadata Panel - GPI tab

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18 | FRS-3901

If the source has no time code, a fixed time code of 00:00:00:00 will be generated in the appropriate format – DVITC
(SD), ATC-VITC or ATC-LTC (HD) – to carry the GPI and ensure that it is embedded.

Note that to accommodate on-card processing requirements, the GPI should be asserted no later that 1 ms before the
switch line in order to ensure that it is embedded in the next field.

GPI De-embedding Config

SD Extract Line (SD signals only): Select the line from which the GPI data will be de-embedded [10-20 for 525, 7-22
for 625] provided DVITC timecode is present.

GPI Source Type (3G/HD signals only): select the ATC format from which GPI data will be de-embedded [ATC-VITC,
ATC-LTC] provided the selected ATC format is present.

GPI Latch Mode: When no valid time code with embedded GPI data has been detected, the user has the option of
releasing the GPI outputs (Latch mode OFF), or holding the last valid de-embedded values (Latch Mode ON).

5.3.2 AFD tab

The Active Format Descriptor (AFD) flag is used to identify
the aspect ratio and protected areas of a video signal. The
FRS-3901 manages the transfer of the AFD flag between its
input and output, but does not use the AFD flag to perform
any picture manipulation. The AFD flag is implemented
differently in HD and SD:

• In HD, the AFD flag (SMPTE 2016) is sent as an ancillary
packet, normally found on line 11 in the vertical ancillary
space.

• In SD, the AFD flag is sent as a Video Line Index (VLI)
signal (RP 186), as a Wide Screen Signaling (WSS) signal
(ITU-R BT.1119-2) for 625 only, and as an AFD packet
(SMPTE 2016).

Note: The term AFD is used to represent all three types of
flags – SMPTE 2016 ancillary packet, VLI, and WSS.

The two graphics at the top of the panel show the input and
output AFDs and indicate the status (e.g. detected, inserted).
See ANNEX 6 – AFD Flags on page 104 for information
about AFD flags and terminology.

5.3.2.1 Config section

Presence: The status indicator turns Green when AFD is
detected on the input signal. On an SD input, the status
indicator will indicate the presence of AFD flags carried as selected by the Source pulldown below, i.e. AFD, VLI or
WSS (for 625 sources only)

Mode: use the pulldown list to specify how AFD information will be handled. Available choices are:

• Pass – pass the incoming AFD flag through without change

• Insert – insert the ‘Forced’ AFD flag into the output, overwriting any incoming flags

• Auto – if incoming flags are detected, pass them through, otherwise, insert the “Default” flag

• Blank – ensure that no AFD flags are embedded in the output stream.

Figure 5-7 Metadata - AFD tab

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 19

Source: Selects the source of AFD information – options are AFD (SMPTE 2016), VLI (SD only) or WSS (for 625
sources only).

Insertion Line: The Insertion line is used to select on which line in the VANC the AFD packet (SMPTE 2016) will be
inserted. It is not necessary to specify the detection line since the card will automatically detect the incoming packet.

Insertion: The Insertion pull-down menu is used to enable or disable the insertion of AFD on the output. This feature
makes possible AFD conversion (SMPTE 2016 to VLI, VLI to WSS, VLI to SMPTE 2016, etc …) by allowing the user
to select the type of AFD flag to insert regardless of the programmed AFD source type:

• During HD operation, the Ancillary Aspect Ratio packet (SMPTE 2016) may be inserted. There is no AFD
conversion during HD.

• During SD operation, the A nc illary Aspect Ratio packet (SMPTE 2016), VLI, or WSS for 625 may be inserted

Default/Forced: this text box is labeled according to the mode selected in the Mode pulldown above

• In AUTO mode, it is labeled DEFAULT and shows the current default AFD code to be used if no valid AFD code is

detected at the input.

• In INSERT mode, it is labeled FORCED, and shows the code that is forced onto the output regardless of the
actual input code or if one is present

Change: Click the Change button to open the Select AFD panel showing the available AFD codes that could be used
as the default code/f orc ed AFD flag dur i ng AUT O /INS ERT modes. Click on one to select it, then click Apply or OK at
the bottom of the panel.

Keep Last: Select this checkbox to use the last AFD code detected at the input as the default code to be used in the
Auto mode when no AFD flag is detected. This box is disabled in the Insert mode.

5.3.2.2 AFD Substitution Table

In the Auto mode, it is possible to set up a systematic AFD substitution scheme, where incoming AFD flags can
always be replaced by different flags, according to the AFD Substitution table.

• Select the Enable AFD Substitution checkbox to use this feature. The checkbox is only available in Auto mode

Click the Edit Table… button to open the AFD Substitution Table

Figure

5-8 AFD Substitution table

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20 | FRS-3901

• The table has two tabs, one for SD inputs, and one for HD inputs.

• The table in each tab lists all possible Input AFD flags for that format, and beside each is a Replacement AFD

pulldown list that also lists all possible AFD fla gs .

• If the Replacement AFD does not match the Input AFD, the Replacement AFD
name is colored, so that it is immediately obvious which AFDs will be substituted.

Note: AFD substitution is ignored when no source flag is detected at the input. During this time, the Default flag is
used.

5.3.2.3 Error and Warning Messages (SD only)

During SD operation, situations may arise when a conflict has occurred or may occur due to the enabling of certain
metadata parameters such as time code insertion, SMPTE 2016/VLI insertion, or Dolby Metadata insertion.

• A warning message will appear at the bottom of the Metadata / AFD panel.

• See for an example.

Here is a list of all possible messages that may be displayed and a description of the error or potential conflict.

“Dolby Metadata/VLI line insertion conflict. Refer to the user manual.” [Error in red]

This error occurs when the FRS-3901 has been programmed to generate Dolby Metadata and VLI on the same
line. The VLI signal is placed on line 14 for 525 and line 11 for 625. Make sure to select a different line number for
Dolby Metadata insertion.

“AFD insertion may overwrite incoming TC on insertion line. Refer to the user manual.” [Warning in blue]

Incoming DVITC time code may unknowingly be replaced by the insertion of SMPTE 2016 AFD flag. In order to
avoid any problems, make sure the line number of any incoming time code is known.

“Dolby Metadata insertion may overwrite incoming TC/VLI on insertion line. Refer to the user manual.” [Warning in
blue]

Incoming DVITC time code or VLI signal may unknowingly be corrupted by the insertion of Dolby Metadata. In
order to avoid any problems, make sure the line number of any incoming time code is known. If Dolby Metadata is
inserted on line 14 in 525 or line 11 in 625, make sure no time code or VLI is present in the input video signal.

“Dolby Metadata insertion may overwrite incoming TC on insertion line. Refer to the user manual.” [Warning in blue]

Incoming DVITC time code may unknowingly be corrupted by the insertion of Dolby Metadata. In order to avoid
any problems, make sure the line number of any incoming time code is known.

“Dolby Metadata/AFD insertion may overwrite incoming TC on insertion line. Refer to the user manual.” [Warning in
blue]

Incoming DVITC time code may unknowingly be replaced by the insertion of Dolby Metadata or the SMPTE 2016
AFD flag. In order to avoid any problems, make sure the line number of any incoming time code is known.

“VLI insertion may overwrite incoming Dolby Metadata on insertion line. Refer to the user manual.” [Warning in blue]

Incoming Dolby Metadata may unknowingly be corrupted by the insertion of the VLI flag. In order to avoid any
problems, make sure no Dolby Metadata is present on line 14 in 525 or line 11 in 625 when VLI is inserted.

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 21

5.4 Video Processing Panel

This panel contains color-correction param eter s that apply
to the input signal. You can configure the video processor
differently for an SD input than for a 3G/HD input. The card
will remember the different parameters and will load them
automatically without user i nterv ent ion bas e d on whet her
the video input is SD or 3G/HD. Ensure the card has a video
signal of the desired format before changing the
configuration.

Proc Mode: Select whether the processing controls will be
presented in YCbCr or RGB format.

• It is important to understand that gain/offset values from
the current Proc Mode will be applied to the newly
selected mode. This may cause adverse effects, so it is
wise to return the gain/offset values to their default
values (zero) after changing the proc mode.

5.4.1 Basic tab

All Gain: Sets Luma and Chroma gains, or G, B and R gains to a specific value. When other gains are individually set,
ALL GAIN reflects the average value of the combined gains.

The choice of processing mode made at the top of the panel determines what other controls are provided. The table
below lists the sliders and the available control ranges.

• For gain control, a nominal value of 0 represents 100% gain, while -800 represents 0% gain, and +800
represents 200% gain.

Y Cb Cr mode RGB mode

Slider name Range Slider name Range

All gain -800 to +800 All Gain -800 to +800
Y Gain -800 to +800 G Gain -800 to +800
Chrominance Gain -800 to +800 B Gain -800 to +800
Black Offset -100 to +100 R gain -800 to +800
Hue (degrees) -180 to +180

Figure

5-9 Video Processing panel – Basic tab

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22 | FRS-3901

5.4.2 Advanced tab

This tab provides individual controls for each of these
parameters.

5.5 Audio Processing panel

The Audio Processing panel provides full audio processing and delay parameters for up to 32 channels. The first 16
channels come from the embedded input channels. The second set of 16 channels comes from the output channels of
the following modules:

• Dolby E and Dolby Digital decoder module(s) – see note

• Linear Acoustic’s upMAX

tm

module(s)

• Downmix

Note – when the Dolby E or Dolby Digital a nd Dol b y Digital
Plus encoder is installed, some audio processing channels will
not be available because they are used in the Dolby encoder
module. In that case, an extra tab will appear in this panel to
advise the user of the situation.

The 32 processed audio channels can be assigned later to the D olb y E or Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus
encoder modules, the 3G/HD output embedder, the SD output embedder, or the discrete AES outputs.

You can configure the audio processor differently for an SD input than for a 3G/HD input. The card will remember the
different parameters and will load them automatically without user int erve nti on based on whether the video input is SD
or 3G/HD. Ensure the card has a video signal of the desired format before changing the configuration.

Y Cb Cr mode RGB mode

Slider name Range Slider name Range

Y Gain -800 to +800 G Gain -800 to +800
Cb Gain -800 to +800 B Gain -800 to +800
Cb Gain -800 to +800 R Gain -800 to +800
Y Offset -100 to +100 G offset -100 to +100
Cb Offset -100 to +100 B Offset -100 to +100
Cr Offset -100 to +100 R Offset -100 to +100

Figure

5-11 Audio proc warning for Dolby encoders

Figure

5-10 Video Processing panel – Advanced tab

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FRS-3901 | 23

Group Detected section
Status indicators turn green when audio groups 1, 2, 3 or 4 are detected in the incoming signal. The Group Detected
warning color can be configured by the user in the Alarm Config panel (Sect. 5.16)

Discrete AES detected section: Status indicators turn green when an AES signal is detected on the indicated rear
panel AES input.

Signal Presence section
Signal presence indicators monitor the audio channel presence and are related to the Silence parameters defined in
the Ch XX/Silence tab (see details below): the indicator is green when an active signal is present and configurable
when a silence is detected according to the “no signal” threshold and the channel detection warning. The Signal
Presence warning color can be configured by the user in the Alarm Config panel (Sect. 5.16)

Under the Audio Proc tab are grouped controls for several aspects of the FRS-3901’s audio processing:

• levels

• delay

• silence detection

All of these parameters are adjusted individually for each channel, and channels are accessed in groups of four via
the first row of tabs in the panel. Below these tabs are the three tabs that access the parameters themselves.

In addition, control over Downmix is provided, and the status of all audio signals is monitored, under the appr opr i ate
tabs.

5.5.1 Audio Proc – Levels tab

Grouped by pairs of channels, each channel has the
following controls:

Level (slider and input box): Sets the audio gain from -96
to 12 dB in 0.5 dB steps. For non-PCM audio, the level
value is overridden to 0 dB.

Mute (speaker button): Mutes the selected audio channel
Phase Invert: When checked, inverts the selected audio

channel phase.
Lock: “Locks” both channel sliders together for levels, so

that moving one slider moves the other one as well.

Figure 5-12 Audio Processing - Channels - Levels

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24 | FRS-3901

5.5.2 Audio Proc – Fixed Delay tab

Fixed Delay sub-tab: although the FRS-3901 automatically
matches audio and video throughput timing, provision is
made for the user to insert an audio delay offset from the
nominal value, in order to deal with problems such as lip­sync errors and audio phase alignment in the incoming feed.
For each channel, two sliders allow the delay to be adjusted.

• Coarse – adjusts the delay in milliseconds, over a
range of values that depends on the Reference and
the Frame Delay set on the timing tab in the Video
Input/Output panel (s ee pa ge 16), as follows:

With Reference:

Additional Adjustment Adjustment
Frame Delay Range Range

(59.94 Hz) (50 Hz)

0 0 to 2000 ms 0 to 2000 ms
1 -33 to 2000 ms -40 to 2000 ms
2 -66 to 2000 ms -80 to 2000 ms
3 -99 to 2000 ms -120 to 2000 ms

… … …
15 -500 to 2000 ms -600 to 2000 ms

Without Reference:

Additional Adjustment Adjustment
Frame Delay Range Range

(59.94 Hz) (50 Hz)

1 -12 to 2000 ms -19 to 2000 ms
2 -45 to 2000 ms -59 to 2000 ms
3 -78 to 2000 ms -99 to 2000 ms

… … …
15 -479 to 2000 ms -579 to 2000 ms

• Fine – adjusts the delay in audio sample increments,
from -100 to +100 samples.

5.5.3 Audio Proc – Silence tab

This tab sets the card’s behavior in the event of a loss or
absence of audio signal. The Signal Presence indicators are
then triggered according to these settings:

Silence Detect: select which audio channels to monitor for
audio silences by checking their boxes. This enables the
signal presence indicators to change color when there is no
signal present which activates the audio silence alarm.
Otherwise, when checkboxes are not checked, the signal
presence indicator turns grey and the audio silence alarm is
not activated

Threshold: Signal absence is declared when the signal level
is lower than the signal threshold for a duration longer than
the No Signal Delay. The threshold can be set to -72, -66, -
60, -54, -48 dBFS. The default value is –60 dBFS.

Figure

5-13 Audio Processing – Channels - Fixed delay

Figure

5-14 Audio Processing - Channels – Silence

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FRS-3901 | 25

No Signal Delay: The period for which signal must be continuously absent before an alarm can be triggered can be
adjusted from 3 to 255 seconds in preset steps: 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, 120, 180, 210, 240, 255 sec.
The default value is set to 15 seconds.

5.5.4 Downmix

This tab provides resources to control the downmix of a “5.1 channel” surround-sound audio signal into an LtRt or
LoRo stereo pair. The 5.1 terminology refers to six discrete audio channels, with the low frequency effect (LFE)
channel of limited bandwidth designated as the “.1” channel. The downmix can be done using any of the 32 audio
channels processed by the audio processor using the Input Channels controls in the interface.

Input Channels: Use the 6 pulldowns to select the source channels for the downmix process.
Downmix:

Operating Mode: Use the pulldown list to select the downmix
operating mode:

• OFF: Downmix is disabled. Output channels pass

through unchanged.

• Manual: Downmix follows the downmix parameters

manually configured by the user.

• Follow Metadata: Downmix follows the downmix

parameters of the Metadata.

Level Normalization: use the pulldown to select the type of
normalization to be applied on the downmix output level.

• OFF: Downmix output level is not normalized. Clipping

may occur depending on the input channel levels
and the selected mix levels.

• Level A: Downmix output level is normalized based on

the applied mix levels to provide a uniform output
over the range of mix levels available. Clipping
will never occur, even with full scale input
channels and mix levels.

• Level B: Downmix output level is normalized based on

the channel configuration to provide a uniform
output loudness between 3/2 and 2/0 programs.
Downmixing a 3/2 program produces a loudness
attenuation compared to the same program in
2/0 at the same input loudness. To provide a
uniform output loudness, a loudness attenuation is applied only on 2/0 programs. If the operating mode is
Follow Metadata, the channel configuration is given by the Dolby Digital coding mode parameter in the
metadata. If the operating mode is Manual, the channel configuration is given by the selected mix levels:
a 2/0 channel configuration is achieved by setting Center, Surround, and LFE Mix Levels to Mute. Any
other combination of mix levels is assumed to be a 3/2 channel configuration. Level-B normalization also
includes Level-A normalization, based on the applied mix levels. Clipping will never occur, even with full
scale input channels and mix levels.

• This selection is not a va il ab le when O per. Mode is OFF.

Figure

5-15 Audio Processing - Downmix

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

26 | FRS-3901

Output Channels: Select the audio channels whose content will be replaced by the output of the downmix processor

• 7&8

• 15&16

• 23&24

• 31&32

• This selection is not available when the Operating Mod e is OFF (downmix disabled).

Manual Downmix Config / Default Me tada ta Config

The heading of this area of the panel changes depending on the selection in the Operating Mode pulldown above, but
the available controls are the same in both cases.

• Operating Mode = Manual – the controls are used to set up the Manual Downmix parameters.

• Operating Mode = Follow Metadata – the controls are used to set up the default downmix parameters for

situations where there is no metadata available.

Mode: this pulldown menu selects the downmix mode:

• LtRt: Enables the downmix of 5.1 channels into an LtRt (Left total Right total) matrix surround encoded

stereo pair. The input signals on the channel pair selected as the Output Channels are discarded.

• LoRo: Enables the downmix of 5.1 channels into an LoRo (Left only Right only) stereo pair, which is a

conventional stereo signal. The input signals on the channel pair selected as the Output Channels are
discarded.

Dialnorm: this pulldown selects the dialog normalization level. Select OFF to prevent the downmix from applying the
dialnorm.

[OFF, -1 dBFS, -2 dBFS, -3 dBFS, ………, -31 dBFS]

Center Mix Level – sets the center channel downmix level to the selected value

[+3 dB, +1.5dB, 0 dB, -1.5 dB, -3 dB, -4.5 dB, -6 dB, Mute]

Surround Mix Level – sets the surround channels (Ls & Rs) downmix level to the selected value

[+3 dB, +1.5dB, 0 dB, -1.5 dB, -3 dB, -4.5 dB, -6 dB, Mute]

LFE Mix Level – sets the LFE channels downmix level to the selected value.

[+10 dB, +9 dB, +7.5, +6 dB, +4.5 dB, +3 dB, +1.5dB, 0 dB, -1.5 dB, -3 dB, -4.5 dB, -6 dB, Mute]

• Note: The LFE Mix Level pulldown sets the LFE downmix level for both Manual and F oll ow Metad ata operation

modes, whether or not the metadata is present in the selected path.

The block diagrams below show the configuration of the LtRt surround sound downmixer and the LoRo stereo
downmixer.

Figure 5-16 LtRt Surround Sound Downmixer

+

+

+

+

–

+

+
+

Surround

Level

L

C

R

LFE

Ls

Rs

Lt

Rt

+

+

Center

Level

+

+

LFE

Level

+

+

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FRS-3901 | 27

Surround

Level

Center

Level

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

Ls

Rs

Lo

Ro

L

R

C

Surround

Level

+

LFE

Level

+

+

+

+

LFE

Figure 5-17 LoRo Stereo Downmixer

Follow Metadata Config:

This section reports on Metadata presence if the Follow Metadata Operating Mode is selected. The four data boxes
below the Metadata status icon indicate the current mode, plus the values in use for Dialnorm, Center Mix Level and
Surround Mix Level.

• The user can choose whether to use the available Dialnorm value in the downmix process by selecting ON or

OFF from the pulldown list at the bottom of the section.

5.5.5 Status tab

The Status tab reports the type of audio present at the input
and the Dolby E alignment.

Audio Type Status:

• PCM – the audio channel carries PCM audio (orange)

• Dolby E – the audio channel carries Dolby E encoded

audio (blue)

• AC3 – the audio channel carries Dolby Digital encoded

audio (violet)

• NPCM – the audio channel carries Dolby Dig it a l Pl us

or non-PCM other than Dolby E or Dolby Digital
(yellow).

Dolby E Alignment:

• When Dol by E audio is present, this panel will display

the offset/delay between the Dolby E and the video
output timing of the card. You may click the Auto Align
button to automatically adjust the audio timing delay to
ensure a perfect alignment with the video. This is
equivalent to changing manually the audio delay in the
audio processor. If you change the output timing of the
card or the video output format, you may have to re­align the Dolby E.

• The offset is not available for any type of audio other

than Dol by E.

Figure

5-18 Audio Processing - Status

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28 | FRS-3901

The measured Dolby E offset can be a positive OR a negative value. A negative value indicates the Dolby E is in
advance compared to the video and additional delay should be added to the audio channel pair.

A positive value indicates the Do l by E is late compared to the video and the audio delay must be reduced for this
channel pair. Sometimes, the audio delay cannot be compensated because it would mean to have an audio delay
lower than the processing delay of the card. In this case, you have to add an extra frame delay to the video to provide
more range to the audio delay.

5.6 Miranda ALC panel

Minimizing loudness differences between
segments in a playout channel is an
important issue in a world where multiple
programs originating in different formats
from different sources must be integrated
seamlessly. The Automatic Loudness
Control (ALC) option is the solution to this
need. It uses Miranda’s proprietary
wideband ALC algorithm.

• Identified as FRS-3901-OPT-ALC-X, where X can be 2, 6, 8 or 16 input channels. The table shows the ALC
models available :

Model Description Program types supported

FRS-3901-OPT-ALC-2

2-Channel ALC, up to 2 independent programs Mono, 2.0

FRS-3901-OPT-ALC-6

6-Channel ALC, up to 6 independent programs Mono, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.1

FRS-3901-OPT-ALC-8

8-Channel ALC, up to 8 independent programs Mono, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.1, 7.1

FRS-3901-OPT-ALC-16

16-Channel ALC, up to 8 independent programs Mono, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.1, 7.1

Note: The ALC works with PCM audio. . If non-PCM audio like Dolby E or Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus is fed to
the module, it will be ignored and all the program channels will be bypassed to prevent interference with the other
PCM audio channels.

5.6.1 Config tab

Channels per program

Pull-downs are available to select the number of channels per program. Depending on the ALC model, you may have
different possible selections, from 1 to 8 channels per program.

Input channels selection

An input shuffler allows any combination of the available channels to be used as inputs to each ALC program.
Note: An input channel cannot be assigned to more than one program, and can only be used once within a program.

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FRS-3901 | 29

Global Config

The Mode pull-down selects preset values for target, sliding window and loudness units that apply to loudness
monitoring for all programs on this FRS-3901:

Mode Target

Short-Term

Time Window

Loudness

Unit

EBU R128 -23 3 sec LUFS
A85 ITU BS.1770 -24 10 sec LKFS
ARIB TR-B32 -24 3 sec LKFS

Enable Loudness Monitoring turns ON the ALC input and
output loudness monitoring for all programs.

5.6.2 PGM1-8 tabs

A PGM tab is enabled for each of the programs set up in the
Config tab

Loudness monitoring

When turned ON, the loudness meters display the program
input loudness (before ALC processing), the dynamic
correction applied by the ALC, the ALC limiter correction,
and the program output loudness (after ALC processing).

The input and output loudness are given in LUFS or LKFS,
depending on the modes selected in the Config tab.
Loudness meters are integrated over a “sliding-window”
period which is also mode-dependent.

Dynamic and limiter corrections are always given in dB.
Each correction meter is integrated over a period of 250
milliseconds.

ALC Presets

Three factory presets for the ALC are available to cover
most broadcast applications.

• Factory Light – The ALC applies low dynamic range

compression on the audio program content. The overall
response time is relatively slow, which reduces the ALC

Figure

5-19 Miranda ALC – Config tab

Figure

5-20 Miranda ALC – PGM1, 2, 3, …8 tab

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

30 | FRS-3901

ability to tightly follow the target output loudness. Using this preset, the program content will sound a little more
dense, while keeping most of the original program dynamic range.

• Factory Standard – The ALC applies moderate dynamic range compression on the audio program content. The
overall response time is also moderate, which allows the ALC to follow the target outp ut loud nes s quite we ll. This
preset is well-suited for most types of audio content. It is the factory preset loaded when loading the card default
parameters.

• Factory Heavy – The ALC applies high dynamic range compression on the audio program content. The overall
response time is relatively fast, which improves the ALC ability to tightly follow the target output loudness. Using
this preset, the program output content will sound much more dense, less dynamic.

Five user presets are also available to save and load custom configurations of the ALC. These presets are labeled
ALC 1 to 5 but the user can edit the preset names via the “Edit Labels” button.

We STRONGLY recommend starting with the ALC factory preset (Light, Standard, Heavy) that is closest to the
desired objective, then fine tuning it to reach the desired goal. This will minimize the troubles that will likely be
encountered as many adjustments interact.

ALC Bypass

Checking this box bypasses the ALC program processing – the input channels pass through to the output unaltered.

Target Loudness

Sets the target output loudness. This value sets the average output loudness, which means that due to the program
dynamics, the output loudness will move around the selected target. The units of measurement and the nominal
value, as well as the window size for the measurements (not shown on this panel) are set by the Mode pulldown in the
Config tab.

Here’s the time-domain response of the ALC:

ALC Pre-Amp Level

A pre-amp stage is available in front of the ALC to compensate for programs having an input loudness out of the ALC
tracking range (very low or very high input loudnes s ). The pre-amp level ranges from -20 dB to + 20 dB, in steps of 1
dB.

Fast Mode Response

The Fast Mode Response is optional and is enabled by checking the Enable box.

Limiter Threshold

Fast Mode Threshold

Transient Threshold

Transient Threshold

Gate Threshold

Output Target

Fast

Time

Transient

Time

ALC Response Time

Transient

Time

ALC

Response

Time

ALC

Response

Time

Freeze

INPUT

OUTPUT

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FRS-3901 | 31

The ALC Fast Mode Response kicks in whenever the input loudness goes over the Fast Mode Threshold and
loudness is reduced, in a few milliseconds. The Fast Mode Threshold is given in dB with respect to the target
loudness and ranges from 2 to 12 dB, in dB steps.

Transient Mode Response

The Transient Mode Response is optional and is enabled by checking the Enable box.
The ALC Transient Mode Response kick s in whenever t he input loudness goes over or under the Transient Mode

Threshold. The Transient Mode Threshold is symmetric with respect to the target loudness and ranges from 2 to 12
dB, in dB steps. When the input loudness is over the Transient Mode Threshold , loudness is reduced following the
rate set by the Speed pull-down. When the input loudness is under the Transient Mode Threshold, loudness is
increased, again following the Speed pull-down, which ranges from Slow (up to 15 seconds) to Fast (up to 4
seconds).

Response Time

Outside of the Fast and Transient modes ranges, the ALC performs loudness correction slowly, following the
Response Time. Response time values are : 5 sec, 10 sec, 15 sec, 20 sec, 30 sec, 45 sec, 1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15
min, 20 min.

Freeze Threshold

The Freeze Threshold sets the threshold below which the ALC will not increase loudness This prevents quiet
portions of programs (and noise) from being unintentionally boosted. If the input program loudness is under the

Freeze Threshold for more than 30 seconds, the ALC will smoothly return to 0 dB of loudness correction.
Limiter Threshold

The Limiter Threshold will limit the output loudness under the selected threshold. This avoids loud portions of
programs to be clipped unintentionally. If the input program loudness is over the Limiter Threshold, the ALC will
reduce the loudness very quickly, in 1 millisecond.

5.7 Dynamic Processing panel

This panel provides controls for dynamic processing of the
audio passing through the FRS-3901

• The Dynamic Processing Option (FRS-3901-OPT–DP)
must be activated to access this functionality. See
page 60.

Individual and independent controls are provided for each of
the 32 channels.

These parameters affect the output audio channels (HD/SD
embedded and AES), and the audio channels assigned to
the Dolby E encoder and the Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital
Plus encoder modules.

Note that unlike the audio process ing conf igur ati on, on l y one
(1) dynamic processing configuration is saved by the card,
regardless of the input format (3G/HD or SD).

• Access the individual channel controls through 4
master tabs and sub-tabs

• The functionality of these controls is identical for each
channel, and is explained here.

Figure

5-21 Dynamic Processing panel

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

32 | FRS-3901

The upper right-hand corner of each tab contains a graphic depicting the transfer characteristic of the channel as
configured by the current dynamic processing settings. Images will be shown below to illustrate the effect of the
various controls

Mode

Use the pulldown to select the operating mode for this channel, from among these options:

• Mono: applies the dynamics processing settings only to the selected channel

• Stereo: applies the dynamics processing settings to the channel pair (e.g. 1 & 2, 7 & 8, etc.)

• Group 1: applies the dynamics processing settings only to the channel assigned to Group 1

• Group 2. applies the dynamics processing settings only to the channel assigned to Group 2

Click the Bypass Settings checkbox to bypass all the dynamics processing settings set up for this channel.

Dynamic Gain

Sets the audio dynamic gain from 0 to 24 dB (in 1 dB steps) applied to
the selected channel. The dynamic gain is applied at the end of the
dynamics processing chain.

Limiter Threshold

A limiter is a type of compressor designed for a specific purpose, to limit
the level of a signal to a certain threshold. Whereas a compressor will
begin smoothly reducing the gain above the threshold, a limiter will
almost completely prevent any additional gain above the threshold. A
limiter is like a compressor set to a very high compression ratio (typically
1/∞).

For example, if the limiter threshold is set to -20 dBFS and the input
signal level is -10 dBFS (10 dB above the threshold), t he sig na l level at
the output of the limiter will be -20 dBFS.

• Use the Limiter Threshold slider to set the threshold from -20 dBFS to 0 dBFS (1 dB steps).

Compressor

Audio compression is a method of reducing the dynamic range of a signal. All signal levels above the specified
threshold are reduced by the specified ratio. When the signal level exceeds the threshold, the compressor will begin
smoothly to reduce the gain, following the attack time, until the output level reflects the specified compression ratio.
When the signal level is below the threshold, the compressor will begin smoothly to increase the gain, following the
release time, until the output level matches the input level.

For example, if the compressor threshold is set to -20 dBFS and a ratio of
1/2, and the input signal level is -10 dBFS (10 dB above the threshold),
the signal level at the output of the compressor will be smoothly reduced
to -15 dBFS (following the attack time). Then, if the input signal level
suddenly drops to -30 dBFS (10 dB below the threshold), the signal level
at the output of the compressor will smoothly go back to -30 dBFS
(following the release time).
Use the Attack Time pulldown to set the attack time. The attack time
specifies how fast the compressor will reduce the gain:

Dynamic Gain

0 dB 24 dB

Limiter Threshold

-10 dBFS -20 dBFS

Compression Ratio & Threshold

1/1.5 & -20 dBFS 1/8 & -60 dBFS

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FRS-3901 | 33

• Possible values: 1 ms, 5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms, 160 ms.

Use the Release Time pulldown to set the release time. The release time specifies how fast the compressor will
increase the gain:

• Possible values: 48 dB/s, 36 dB/s, 24 dB/s, 18 dB/s, 12 dB/s, 9 dB/s, 6 dB/s

Use the Ratio pulldown to set the compression ratio (i.e. slope of the transfer curve). The compression ratio specifies
how much the output level changes with respect to the input level:

• Possible values: 1/1 (OFF), 1/1.25, 1/1. 5, 1/1.7 5, 1/2, 1/ 3, 1/4, 1/8, 1/1 6

Use the Threshold slider to set the compression threshold (i.e. break point in the transfer curve). The compression
threshold specifies the level above which the compressor will process the signal.

• Range -60 dB to 0 dB

Expander

Audio expansion means to expand the dynamic range of a signal. It is basically the opposite of audio compression.
Like compressors and limiters, an audio expander has an adjustable threshold and ratio. Whereas compression and
limiting take effect whenever the signal goes above the threshold, expansion effects signal levels below the threshold.
Any signal below the threshold is expanded downwards by the specified ratio.

For example, if the expander threshold is set to -40 dBFS and a ratio of 2/1, and the input signal level is -60 dBFS (20
dB below the threshold), the signal level at the output of the expander will be reduced to -80 dBFS. Then, if the input
signal level suddenly increases to -30 dBFS (10 dB above the threshold), the signal level at the output of the
expander will go back to -30 dBFS.

Use the Ratio pulldown to set the expansion ratio (i.e. slope of the
transfer curve). The expansion ratio specifies how much the output level
changes with respect to the input level :

• Options available: 1/1 (OFF), 1.125/1, 1.25/1, 1.375/1, 1.5/1,

1.625/1, 1.75/1, 1.875/1, 2/1

Use the Threshold slider to set the expansion threshold (i.e. break point
in the transfer curve). The expansion threshold specifies the level below
which the expander will process the signal.

• Range -80 dB to -40 dB

Dynamics for 1 minute.

Click the Dynamics for 1 minute button to
display the dynamics processing in the
meters at the bottom of the panel for a
period of one minute. Dynamics metering
is enabled by groups of 16 channels:
Channels 1-16 or Channels 17-32,
selected depending on the Channels tab
selected at the top of the panel

• The right-hand portion of this section
shows the output channels of the
dynamics processor on level meters,
as found in the RALM panel.

Expansion Ratio & Threshold

1.25/1 & -60 dBFS 1.75/1 & -40dBFS

Figure

5-22 Dynamics for 1 minute display

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

34 | FRS-3901

• The left-hand side shows approximately how much dynamic processing is being applied to the signal (by
amplitude) on a channel basis.

• The example shown above is the result of substantial compression being applied to Channel 1

5.8 Audio Modules panel

This panel displays the controls for an audio module that may optionally be installed in a
socket on the FRS-3901 card.

See Section 6 beginning on page 67 for detailed descriptions of all of the available
modules and their associated control panels.

5.9 Dolby Metadata panel

This panel provides resources for managing the flow of Dolby metadata through the FRS-3901.
Multiple layers of tabs allow the user to drill down to the various available controls. For notational purposes, the path

to a particular control panel will be described here as:

[layer 1 tab] → [layer 2 tab] → [layer 3 tab]

For example, the panel shown in the figure on the right would
be described as:

[Config] → [Delay]

5.9.1 Config tab

Input Presence: Status icons are provided to indicate

sources where Dolby Metadata is present and valid. The
following are shown:

• VANC Stream

• RS-422B

• Decoder (grey if not installed)

Source: This area allows source selection.

• The currently-active pathway is shown in green.

Primary: Use this pulldown list to select the primary
metadata source for this path.

The pulldown list shows the same sources appearing in the
Input Presence section. The Decoder source will appear in
red if the module is not installed.

Note: When decoding PCM audio, the Dolby decoder does not generate any metadata. If a decoder is selected as
a source for a specified metadata path, the generator on the same path will be automatically turned ON when the
decoder is decoding PCM audio. The content of the generator must have been previously configured. Refer to
“Generator automated mode” below for details.

Figure

5-23 Dolby Metadata panel

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FRS-3901 | 35

Backup: use this pulldown list to select the source that will be used if the primary source
becomes unavailable or invalid. In addition to the available primary sources, the list includes:

• Last valid – return to the last valid source used

• Blank – no metadata output

• Generator – use the internal generator

Generator: Use this pulldow n list to turn the internal generator ON or OFF. Turning it ON selects it as the source. The
generator creates a complete, specific set of metadata, which is configured in the Generator tab.

Generator automated mode:
The generator is turned on or off automatically in specific conditions to avoid loss of metadata at the output stream.
There are two specific conditions which will trigger the automation behaviors:

1. When a Dolby decoder module is installed and selected as the metadata source of a path, the audio
metadata from a Dolby E input stream will be decoded and passed. When the decoder is fed with PCM audio,
the Dolby decoder will not provide metadata. Instead, the generator will be automatically turned on. It is the
responsibility of the user to configure the generator with the proper PCM metadata parameters.

2. When an upMAX

tm

module is installed and configured to operate in Follow Met ada ta mode, the resulting

upMAX

tm

mode is dictated by the coding mode parameter of the probed metadata stream. When the

metadata stream coding mode is 2/0, the upMAX

tm

mode is set to Upmix and the generator will be turned on
to generate 5.1 metadata for the upmixed audio content. It is the responsibility of the user to configure the
generator with the proper 5.1 metadata parameters. If the metadata stream coding mode is 3/2, the upMAX

tm

mode is set to Pass and the generator will be turned off to let the input metadata stream go through. If the
coding mode detected is other than 2/0 or 3/2 or there is no metadata, the reversion mode is used. In that
case, the generator will be turned on for the Upmix and AutoMAX reversion modes, and off for Pass reversion
mode.

Note: No automation is provided for the generator content. The generator content is always under user
control and must have been previously configured if used in these conditions.

Hold: Use the pulldown to select Hold ON or OFF.

• ON – freezes the Metadata values used in the output bitstream

• OFF - allows the current metadata to pass to the output

Probe: this box shows where the audio metadata probing occurs in the path.

5.9.1.1 [Config] → [Delay]

Through Coarse and Fine adjustments, a fixed delay can be
applied to the Metadata bitstream. It is useful when
processing, like watermarking, is applied to the audio signal
outside the FRS-3901. The delayed Metadata bitstream will
stay properly timed with its associated audio signal.

Figure

5-24 Dolby Metadata - [Config] → [Delay]

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36 | FRS-3901

5.9.1.2 [Config] → [Probe]

The Probe function allows the user to view information about the Metadata in the program stream. There are no
controls in this panel or its subpanels, except for the program select buttons.

The Probe section at the left of the panel shows information about the data stream in the metadata path.

• The two parameters at the top indicate the Program Configuration and the Video Frame Rate of the
Metadata bitstream.

• Depending on the Program configuration, one to eight programs are included in a Metadata bitstream. The
Program Select zone allows the selection of one Metadata program.

The text boxes below the program select buttons report on the data rate, coding mode and dialnorm value of the
selected program.

[Config] → [Probe] → [Audio Processing]

This panel reports the status of the audio
processing:

• DC Highpass Filter

• Bandwidth Lowpass Filter

• LFE Lowpass Filter

• Surround 90

o

Phase Shift

• Surround Channel Attenuator

Figure

5-25 [Config] → [Probe] → [Audio Processing]

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FRS-3901 | 37

[Config] → [Probe] → [Dynamic Range]

This panel reports the status of Dynamic Range
processing:

• Line Mode Profile

• RF Mode Profile

• RF Overmod. Protection

[Config] → [Probe] → [Bitstream Info]

This panel reports the status of the metadata
bitstream:

• Bitstream Mode

• Center Downmix Level

• Surr. Downmix Level

• Dolby Surr. Mode

• Copyright Bit

• Original Bitstream

• Audio Production Info

• Mix Level

• Room Type

Additional bitstream information is found in the
Extended BSI tab

Figure

5-26 [Config] → [Probe] → [Dynamic Range]

Figure

5-27 [Config] → [Probe] → [Bitstream Info]

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

38 | FRS-3901

[Config] → [Probe] → [Extended BSI]

• Preferred Stereo Downmix

• Lt/Rt Center Mix Level

• Lt/Rt Surround Mix Level

• LoRo Center Mix Level

• LoRo Surround Mix Level

• Surround EX mode

• Converter Type

5.9.1.3 [Config] → [Generator]

The tab name includes a bracketed item (Factory 5.1 in the figure) indicating which metadata preset is currently
loaded in the generator.

The upper left Pulldown list sets the Program

Configuration. The text box below it shows the
Video Frame Rate, which is set automatically by the

card.
Use the Program Select buttons to select the

program to configure.
Use the Coding Mode and Dialnorm pulldowns to set

these parameters in the generator output.

[Config] → [Generator] → [Audio Processing]

This panel allows configuration of the audio
processing parameters :

• Extended Bitstream info 1

• Extended Bitstream info 2

• DC Highpass Filter

• Bandwidth Lowpass Filter

• LFE Lowpass Filter

• Surround 90

o

Phase Shift

• Surround Channel Attenuator

Figure 5-28 [Config] → [Probe] → [Extended BSI]

Figure

5-29 [Config] → [Generator] → [Audio Processing]

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 39

[Config] → [Generator] → [Dynamic Range]

This panel allows configuration of the Dynamic
Range processing parameters:

• Line Mode Profile

[None, Film Standard, Film light, Music
standard, Music light, Speech]

• RF Mode Profile

[None, Film Standard, Film light, Music
standard, Music light, Speech]

• RF Overmod. Protection

[Config] → [Generator] → [Bitstream Info]

This panel allows configuration of the metadata
bitstream info parameters. Use the pulldowns to
select the appropriate values:

• Bitstream Mode

• Center Downmix Level

• Surr. Downmix Level

• Dolby Surr. Mode

• Copyright Bit

• Original Bitstream

• Audio Production Info

• Mix Level

• Room Type

Figure

5-30 [Config] → [Generator] → [Dynamic Range]

Figure

5-31 [Config] → [Generator] → [Bitstream Info]

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

40 | FRS-3901

[Config] → [Generator] → [Extended BSI]

• Preferred Stereo Downmix

• Lt/Rt Center Mix Level

• Lt/Rt Surround Mix Level

• LoRo Center Mix Level

• LoRo surround Mix Level

• Surround EX mode

• Converter Type

5.9.1.4 [Config] → [Presets]

Because there are many parameters to set for the
generator, it is convenient to be able to save a
configuration for easy recall. The Presets tab offers
several convenient functions for this purpose.

The FRS-3901 allows the user to save five
configurations. These are labeled META 1 to META
5 by default, but the user can edit the names via the
Edit Presets Labels… button at the bottom of the
tab.

In addition, the FRS-3901 is preloaded with two fixed
data sets named Factory 2.0 and Factory 5.1.

The Current Generator Preset databox at the top of
the tab reports the current preset in use.

• If all parameter values do not match the preset
values, the box will show “Custom”.

The Generator Presets pulldown gives access to all
seven available presets. The two buttons to the right then allow two options:

• Load – load the generator with the values stored in the preset, overwriting the current settings

• Save – overwrite the values stored in the preset with the values currently set on the card (only for the five user-

settable presets – the Factory presets cannot be changed).

Figure

5-32 [Config] → [Generator] → [Extended BSI]

Figure 5-33 [Config] → [Presets]

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 41

The Save Probe To pulldown gives access to the five user-settable presets. Once one is selected, clicking on the
Save button saves the values detected by the probe into the user presets, in effect setting the preset to match the
current program stream.

Note – If you attempt to save the card configuration to a User Preset when the Metadata generator settings do not
correspond to a Metadata Preset value ( i.e. if the Current Generator Preset data box sho ws “Custom”), you will
trigger a warning because of the way the Metadata Generator settings are saved. See page 52 for a complete
explanation. You may need to return to this panel and save the “custom” settings into a Metadata preset before you
can save the card configuration to a User Preset.

• Avoid this by getting in the habit of saving the Generator Metadata settings each time you change them.

The Metadata Profiles… button gives access to a panel that allows the user to copy the card settings from this FRS­3901 to other FRS-3901 cards accessible via iControl.

The Copy profile from line shows the current FRS-3901 card.

• The Profiles column contains a pulldown that lists the profiles that are available to copy.

• The list includes the generator, plus the 5 metadata presets

You can save the selected profile to disk for future recall:

• Click the Save profile to disk… button and select a disk location and file name to save the file.

You can recall a previously-saved profile from disk and load it into the card:

• Click the Restore profile from disk… button and find the appropriate file

• Click Open to load the contents of the file into the current FRS-3901

The Copy profile to area shows all other FRS-3901 cards that have been detected on the iControl network.

• The Profile column will show the same profile that was selected for the current FRS-3901 in the Profile

pulldown.

• Click the Select checkbox for any cards to which you wish to copy the profile, or select all of them using the

Select All checkbox in the column header. NB the selected devices must have the same firmware version as the
source card; if not, the transfer status column will show N/A and the card cannot be selected.

• Click Copy to transfer the selected profile to the selected recipient cards.

Figure 5-34 Metadata Profile Copy window

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

42 | FRS-3901

5.9.2 Input/Output tab

This tab provides resources to configure the input and output
selections and processing of metadata for the FRS-3901
card.

VANC Metadata Extractor

The card can extract a Dolby metadata stream from the
VANC interval according to the specified SDID (range = 01
to 09). The presence of the stream is reported in the
interface.

VANC Metadata Inserter

The card can insert a metadata stream in the VANC interval
of the output. Use the pulldown lists to configure the
metadata insertion.

Insertion: Select the source of metadata to insert

• Off: No metadata is inserted.

• Metadata: Metadata is inserted

Insertion Line: Select the VANC line in which the metadata
will be inserted. The range depends on the output format:

• 3G/HD: lines 9 to 20

• SD (525) lines 12 to 19

• SD (625) lines 8 to 22

SDID: Select the VANC metadata packet SDID to be inserted. The SDID is used to specify the relationship between
the VANC metadata stream and the first channel of its associated audio program.

SDID

Associated channel pair

01 No association, or only one audio program
02 Channel pair 1&2
03 Channel pair 3&4
04 Channel pair 5&6
05 Channel pair 7&8
06 Channel pair 9&10
07 Channel pair 11&12
08 Channel pair 13&14
09 Channel pair 15&16

Note: If the card is configured to insert a special SDID at the output, any Dolby Metadata packets at the input with the
same SDID will be deleted. Any other SDID packets not inserted by the card will be passed through untouched.

Figure

5-35 Dolby Metadata – Input/Output tab

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 43

5.10 Audio Output panel

This panel provides additional audio processing for the 16
audio channels embedded in the 3G/HD/SD output:

• audio channel shuffling

• level adjustment

• mixing

• audio embedding mode.

You can configure the audio output shufflers/mixers (3G/HD,
SD and AES) differently for an SD input than for a 3G/HD
input. The card will remember the different parameters and
will load them automatically without user intervention based
on whether the video input is SD or 3G/HD. Ensure the card
has a video signal of the desired format before changing the
configuration.

5.10.1 CH 1-2, CH 3-4, … CH 15-16 tabs

Each of these tabs provides all necessary controls for the
output mixers. The example shown is for the Embedded
Output, CH 1-2, but all panels have the same controls.

Operation Mode (Off, A, SUM(A+B), Mix, Mix 4CH): This
menu allows the source(s) of each output channel to be selected – a single channel, the sum of two channels, a mix
of two channels, or on the even-numbered output channel only, a mix of three or four channels.

Off: The output channel is muted.

A: The output channel is the channel source (ABUS Select and Channel) selected in sub-menu SOURCE A.
SUM (A+B): The output channel is the sum of the two channels sources (ABUS Select and Channel) selected in

sub-menus SOURCE A and SOURCE B.

• If you select this option, the S UM (A+B) Level pull-down is activated, allowing you to reduce the level of the
summed output (0dB, -3dB or -6dB).

Mix: The output channel is a mono mix of the (ABUS Selec t and Channel) selected in sub-menus SOURCE A
and SOURCE B.

Mix 4CH: This mode allows a 3-input or 4-input mix on the chosen even output. A s tandard 2-input mix is
available on the odd output. On the same tab, the two selected sources of the even channel are mixed with the
one or two selected sources of the odd channel. The four sources are mixed, with the level of each source
adjusted using its slider or data entry box. You can swap the odd and even output by enabling the Channel Swap
(1&2) checkbox. Note that in the Mix 4Ch mode, if the Mute box is checked, only the even channel sources will
be muted, the odd channel sources will still pass to the output.

Note: in the case of SUM and MIX, if either of the two input channels is non-PCM, the output will always be
SOURCE A

Mute: Mute the audio channel by checking this box. In the MIX4Ch mode, checking this box will mute only the

sources of the selected output channel.

Figure

5-36 Audio Output panel

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

44 | FRS-3901

Source A & Source B: These sub-sections allo w the source channels (A and B) to be selected for each output
channel.

ABUS Select: V selects the embedded input audio. This is the only choice available at this time.
Channel: Channel 1, …, Channel 16: selects the channel to be used from the selected audio source.

Level (dB): Sets the audio gain of the channel source from -96 to +12 dB in 0.5 dB steps. For non-PCM audio,

the level value is overridden to 0 dB.

5.10.2 Config tab

The tab contains only an Audio Insert pulldown.
Use the pulldown in this tab to enable (AUTO) or disable

(OFF) audio embedding in the output.

• When OFF is selected, no audio is em bedded in the
output.

• When AUTO is selected, only those audio groups
containing at least one audio channel will be
embedded at the output.

For SD outputs, the number of bits to be embedded must
also be selected, and so the options in the pulldown are:

• OFF

• Auto 20 bits

• Auto 24 bits

5.11 Loudness Panel

Note: In order to use the loudness measurement capabilities of the FRS-3901, the Loudness Measurement Option
must be installed. See section 5.17.3 on page 61 for details.

The FRS-3901 allows the user to measure the loudness of audio streams passing through it. The measurement
process is flexible:

• All major loudness standards are supported.

• The measurement standards can be customized if desired.

• Up to four programs can be measured at once.

• Each program can be selected from an internal FRS-3901 metadata path, or defined manually.

• Segment markers can be inserted from a variety of triggers.

• Log files of the measurements can be stored externally, for analysis using Miranda’s Audio Loudness Analyzer.

Figure

5-37 Audio Output - Embedded - Config tab

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 45

5.11.1 Loudness | Config panel

Global Config

All loudness measurements performed by this FRS-3901
conform to the same standard, which is selected here using
the Meter Mode pulldown.

Six options are available:

Standard Target

Short-Term

Time Window

Relative

Gating

Loudness

Unit

EBU R128-2010 -23 3 sec -8 dB LUFS
EBU R128-2011 -23 3 sec -10 dB LUFS
A85 ITU BS.1770.1 -24 10 sec N/A LKFS
A85 ITU BS.1770.2 -24 10 sec -10 dB LKFS
ARIB TR-B32 -24 3 sec -10 dB LKFS
Custom -31 to -1 1 to 15 sec -8, -10, N/A LKFS

For the 5 defined standards, the other three pulldowns are
inactive, but display their preset values in gray.

If Custom is selected, the other three pulldowns are active,
and values can be chosen according to the user’s needs.
The range of available values is shown in the chart.

Global Control

The FRS-3901 can monitor loudness on up to four programs specified by the user.

• In this panel, select which programs will be active using the PGM 1 to PGM 4 checkboxes.

• The tabs for the selected programs will become active, allowing each program to be defined.

Enable Loudness Monitoring turns all loudness monitoring functions ON or OFF
RESET resets the measurements, and places a segment marker in the log file (but only if User Event is selected in

the Segment Marker area).

• Note that you can also program a GPI to trigger a loudness reset - the control is located on the Metadata | GPI

tab (see section 5.3.1 on page 17).

RUNNING / PAUSE shows the current status of the loudness monitoring.

• Click the button to change the status.

• PAUSE stops the measurement until the button is clicked again, but keeps the last value for logging and

measurement.

Figure

5.38 Loudness panel – Config tab

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

46 | FRS-3901

Segment Marker

Select the checkboxes corresponding to the events for which you want a segment marker inserted in the loudness log
file:

• User Event – a manually-triggered RESET (but not a PAUSE).

• GPI – a RESET triggered externally via GPI input.

• Dialnorm change – a change in Dialnorm value in the incoming metadata stream.

• Coding Mode Change – a change in the coding mode, either through the manual settings or detected in the

incoming metadata stream.

Note that segment marker triggers in one PGM will generate segment markers in the logs for all PGMs.

5.11.2 Loudness | PGM panel

Four PGM panels – PGM 1, PGM 2, PGM 3 and PGM 4 – are
available, each activated by selecting the appropriate
checkbox in the LOUDNESS-CONFIG panel.

Use these panels to define the programs whose loudness will
be monitored by this FRS-3901.

Program Settings

Operation Mode: Use the pulldown to select to source of the
program definition:

Manual: Use the Manual Coding controls to define the

program channel

Path: Use the path def in ed in the Dolby Metadata panel

(see section 5.8.1 on page 34).

Manual program definition:

Select Manual in the Operation Mode pulldown.
Select the coding mode (e.g. 2/0, 3/2L, etc.) from the Manual

Coding Mode pulldown
Assign inputs to the program channels using the Input Channels pulldowns

• For each program channel, input CH 1 to CH 32 can be selected

• Each input can only be selected once in a program.

• Only the program channels corresponding to the selected coding mode will be enabled

Figure

5.39 Loudness panel – PGM 1 tab

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FRS-3901 | 47

The chart shows the coding modes that are available, and the program channels that are enabled for each.

Coding Mode

Program Channels

Left Right Center LFE Ls Rs

1/0 X
2/0 X X

3/0

X X X 3/0L

X X X X 2/1

X X X 2/1L

X X X X 3/1

X X X X 3/1L

X X X X X

2/2 X X X X

2/2L X X X X X

3/2 X X X X X

3/2L X X X X X X

Metadata Path program definition

If Metadata from the path is selected as the source, the Manual Coding Mode pulldown is disabled.
In the Path mode, the Program Select buttons are enabled. If the path defines more than one program (e.g. 5.1+2),

select which one to monitor (5.1 or 2 in this case) using the buttons. Program 1 is the default selection.
Once a program is selected, its Dialnorm and Coding Mode are extracted and displayed in the data boxes below the

switcher.
Note that:

• If the user selects Metadata path as the source, but no metadata is present, the selection defaults to Manual

mode.

• In Manual mode, there is no dialnorm to extract.

Measurements

The Measurements area displays results from the loudness measurements performed on the selected program
according to the settings made in the Config tab. The three data boxes show these values:

• Short term (S) Loudness averaged over the short-term time window set in the Config tab.

• True peak MAX Maximum true peak level found in all selected input channels

• Momentary MAX Loudness averaged over a 400 ms sliding rectangular time window

The chart shows a running plot of the last 15 seconds of the value of the Short Term (yellow trace) and Momentary
(green trace) loudness values. The bar graph at the right indicates the current Momentary value.

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

48 | FRS-3901

A reset, initiated by a user via the Reset button on the Loudness | Config tab, or via a GPI event (configured on the
Metadata | GPI tab; see Load Presets on page 17 for more information), will reset all of these measurements.

5.11.3 Loudness | Logging Panel

This panel monitors logging activity for all loggers connected
to the application server associated with this FRS-3901 and
its associated Densité frame.

• The Logging Activity icon will be GREEN when logging
activity is detected.

• The number of loggers connected to the appserver is
shown in the data box.

About Log Files

Loudness logs contain data for a period of up to 24 hours.
New log files are started:

• when the logging function is enabled

• every 24 hours after logging was enabled, until logging

is disabled

• when the reference changes

• when the global config is changed,

See ANNEX 6 – Loudness Logging and the Miranda
Audio Loudness Analyzer beginning on page 106 for

detailed instructions on activating logging and analyzing
the logged data files.

5.12 Fingerprint panel

Fingerprinting technology on this card functions in
conjunction with iControl.

• iControl 4.0 and higher is require d .

FRS-3901 streaming is ON by default, but the management
of the stream is handled in iControl, and there is no local
control of the process at this card control panel, except to
select the window, and to turn streaming OFF if there are
problems with the stream or the network.

See the iControl Version 4.00 User’s Guide
(Miranda document 226-99M00-271) for a
description of Fingerprint management in iControl.

The relevant text can be found in the section called
‘Lip-Sync Detection and Monitoring’ which is in the
chapter titled ‘Working with iControl as an Operator’

Figure

5.40 Loudness panel - Logging tab

Figure

5.41 Fingerprint panel

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 49

Zone

Select the area of the image within which fingerprint data will be calculated and streamed.

• The selected area is shown as a blue outline on the control panel window.

Default Window – a factory default is specified which is applied consistently to all Miranda fingerprinting devices. It
places the window in the central “action area” of the image, generally avoiding letterboxes and static graphics that are
usually found in the periphery of the image.

Full Screen – opens the window to include the complete video image.
Start/Stop Line & Pixel – allows the user to create a custom window in response to particular or unusual image

content.

• The custom window can be no smaller than half the picture width and half the picture height, but can be placed

anywhere within the picture.

5.13 Reference panel

This panel allows the selection of the reference to be used by
the FRS-3901.

Icons in the Reference Presence area in dicat e wh ich
references are available to this FRS-3901.

Use the radio buttons in the Reference Source area to select
from the following options:

• Auto – this mode selects the first source detected in this
order of priority:

o External reference from the rear panel REF IN
o URS

o Selected Input signal

• URS (Universal Referenc e Signa l) – selects the internal
reference from the backplane

• Input – uses the currently-selected input signal.

URS Format – use the radio buttons in the URS Format area
to select whether the URS is OFF, 29.97 Hz or 25 Hz.

• When URS is OFF, the URS reference format source
cannot be selected, and will also be ignored by the
automatic detection mode.

Note: Make sure the input signal is, at all times, locked to
the selected reference signal.

Figure 5-42 Reference panel

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

50 | FRS-3901

5.14 Monitoring panel

5.14.1 Thumbnails tab

The thumbnail area displays thumbnail images for the inputs
and outputs selected in the Player area.

Player – Click the checkbox to display the thumbnail
Control – Click the checkboxes to apply the Mode, Format,

Quality and Refresh Rate settings to the these thumbnails.
Mode – select between Video mode and Test mode. Use

Video mode for normal operation.

Format – choose the thumbnail size: small, medium, large
Quality – choose the quality of the displayed image by

selecting Poor, Normal or HiQ (High Quality) from the
pulldown list

Refresh Rate – select the desired refresh rate from the pull­down box. The choices are:

[Fast, 1 sec, 2 sec, …, 9 sec, 10 sec.]

5.14.2 RALM tab

The Remote Audio Level Meter (RALM) panel displays audio
output level meters for up to 8 channels. C h an nels ar e
displayed in pairs, so up to four meters will be present in the
meter display window. The source for each meter is selected
using the pulldowns in the RALM Remote Control area at the
bottom of the control panel.

• OFF

• Embedded CH 1&2 up to CH 15&16

The meter is divided into three zones, and the dividing points
and color of each zone are individually configurable under
the Meter Ballistics Config tab.

Speed – select the meter response from the pull-down list,
options are [ fast, medium, slow ]

5.14.2.1 RALM Connections tab

Use the radio buttons to turn the meter display ON (RALM) or
OFF for the indicated channels. The meter appears directly
above the controls.

Reset Counter: click this button to reset the overload counter
on the ALM display to zero. See the next section for
instructions on setting up the overload counter.

Figure

5-43 Monitoring - Thumbnails

Figure

5-44 Monitoring - RALM tab

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FRS-3901 | 51

5.14.2.2 Meter Ballistics Config tab

Type – select a type of meter from the pull-down
list

Upper Zone Limits – s elect the cros sover le ve l
between the upper and middle zones of the meter
(the range of values shown in the pull-d o wn lis t
depends on the type of meter selected)

Lower Zone Limits – s elect the cros sover le ve l
between the middle and lower zones of the meter
(the range of values shown in the pull-down list depends on the type of meter selected)

Color samples – the three samples show the current selected color for the upper, middle and lower zones of the
meter.

• Click on the color sample of a zone to open a color selection panel to choose a different color for that zone

Overload Cursor – The overload cursor appears on the meter as an arrowhead in the meter scale. The two pulldown
boxes set the position of the overload cursor on the left and right meters. If the audio level on that channel goes above
the cursor, the Overload Counter at the top of the meter is incremented.

The Overload Counter shows a running count of the number of overloads detected. The Overload level is shown by a
marker beside the meter, and its position can be set under the Meter Ballistics Config tab

The Phasemeter (located at the bottom of the RALM meter display) is a small meter that represents the phase
correlation factor between the two channels of a pair:

180° 90° 0°
Note – The level and phase meters are disabled for channels carrying non-PCM audi o (Dolby E, Dolby Digital, Dolby

Digital Plus, or other non-PCM types).

5.15 Test panel

This panel contains a pulldown that allows the user to select
an internally-generated test signal to replace the program
signal at the FRS-3901 output.

OFF: the program signal appears at the output, and test
signals are OFF

Color Bars and Tone: sends a 75% color bar test pattern
(100% white), along with audio test tones (a continuous tone
on right channel with pulsed tone on left channel in every
pair) to the FRS-3901 output.

Lip Sync: sends a special test signal comprising color bars
and tone plus a detectable element that is used to align
audio-video delays in a processing path. This FRS-3901
becomes the transmitter in the alignment path. A second
device (e.g. FRS-1801) will perform the measurement at the
other end of the path.

• The special test signal consists of 75% color bars
within which a white square is inserted every 4 seconds

Figure

5-45 RALM - meter ballistics configuration

Figure

5-46 Test panel

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

52 | FRS-3901

for a duration of 10 frames. Simultaneously with the beginning of the first field of video containing the white
square, the 16 embedded audio channels and the 8 AES outputs are pulsed with a tone lasting 250 ms.

5.16 Factory/Presets panel

5.16.1 Factory/Presets tab
Factory section

Load Factory: Clicking this button will restore the card to a
factory default state. Two checkboxes enable the user to
choose whether to include Parameters and/or Alarms in the
restoration process

• Note that User Presets are not changed

User Presets section

The FRS-3901 has memory registers which can hold up to 5
user-defined parameter settings.

The Current Preset box (at the bottom left corner of the
panel) displays the last loaded preset. Any change to the
card configuration after a preset is loaded will change the
display to "Custom" instead of the preset value.

Select any one of the five pres ets using the pull-down list.
The name of the currently-selected User Preset is shown on
the pulldown box.

Click Load to load the contents of the selected User Preset
into the FRS-3901. All parameter settings and values will be
replaced by the contents of the selected User Preset.

• The first 4 user presets can be recalled by GPI User
Preset 1 to 4.

Click Save to store the current parameter settings and values from the FRS-3901 into the selected User Preset. The
existing contents of the preset will be overwritten.

Note: if you see a pop-up warning box like this when you click Save, you will need to decide how to deal with the

Figure

5-47 Lip Sync test signal appearance and timi ng

Figure

5-48 Factory / Presets panel

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 53

Metadata Generator presets. Click on the Metadata FAQ button to learn more about this issue.

Briefly explained, a User Preset stores all the parameter values on the FRS-3901 card except the parameter
values for the Metadata generator. These values are stored in a separate set of registers, and the User Preset
saves the contents of these registers plus a pointer to the register that was most recently used. If you change any
of the Metadata values but do not update the Metadata register by saving it, the values referenced by the pointer
are not the current values. If you save to a user preset under this circumstance, the User Preset will not contain
the changed values, and they cannot be recovered if you later load the card from the preset.

The User Preset Save Alert panel wi ll be trigg er ed an y time you attempt to save when the Generator Metadata
values have been changed but not saved. You can tell when this is the case, as both the User Preset box on the
main panel, and the Current Generator Preset box in the Presets tab, as well as the Generator tab label, will all
read Custom

The warning box gives you three options for dealing with the situation:

• Option 1 – abort the save process, so that you can go back and manually save the metadata parameters
(see instructions on page 40)

• Option 2 – go ahead and save anyway, but be aware that if you recal l this User Pres et you will pr oba bly not
restore the current metadata generator settings

• Option 3 – Save the Metadata presets first, in the Metadata register whose name is displayed (it will be last
register that was used, and if it is one of the factory registers a Save will not be allowed, so you might want to
consider option 1), and then save the User Preset.

Use the radio buttons to select one of these options (option 1 is the default), and click OK to proceed.

Edit Presets Label…

Click this button to open a window where you can define the name assigned to each user preset. This is the name
that will appear on the pulldown in the User Presets section. The labels will also be copied from card to card when a
copy profile is performed.

How t

o tell when the metadata generator settings have not been saved

Figure

5-49 User Preset Save Alert warning panel

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

54 | FRS-3901

Profiles

This section provides the option to save and recover the entire card configuration (including user presets if desired) on
an external disk, or to copy it to another FRS-3901 card.

Click on Profiles to open the Profile Copy window.

Copy profile from

This line sho ws this FRS-3901 card, a nd identifies it by App server, Densité f rame and slot number, card type and
firmware version.

The Profile column has a pulldown that allows you to select which profiles you will work with, and gives these choices:

• All, Current, User1, User2, User3, User4, User5, All

The Select column includes a checkbox (preselected checked) to confirm that you want to work with the current card.

Save Profile to Disk…

Click this button to open a Save dialog allowing you to specify
a file name and location to which the selected profiles for this
card will be saved.

Hint - It is a good idea to create a folder for these files,
because they are not explicitly identified as FRS-3901 profiles,
and will be difficult to find and identify if not clearly named and
conveniently located.

• Click the save button once the name and location have
been identified in the Save box

• If the file is saved correctly, the Transfer Status box on
the right of the Copy profile from line will indicate
Succeeded against a green background.

• If the file was not saved for some reason, the Transfer
Status box to the right of the Copy profile from line will
indicate Failed against a red background.

Figure

5-50 Profile Copy window

Figure

5-51 Save Profile to Disk dialog

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 55

Restore profiles from disk…

Click this button to open an Open dialog box with in whi c h you can
locate and select a vali d FRS-3901 profile file.

• Click Open to read the contents of the file and to reconfigure

this FRS-3901’s profiles according to its contents

• While the reconfiguration is in progress, the Transfer Status

box on the right of the Copy profile from line will indicate
Working against a yellow background

• When the reconfiguration is complete, the Transfer Status

box on the right of the Copy profile from line will indicate
Succeeded against a green background

Copy profile to section

This line shows other FRS-3901 cards that are available on the iControl network, each identified by App server,
Densité frame and slot number, card type and firmware version.

The Profile column shows the same information as is shown for the current card in the Copy profile from line, i.e. one
of the following:

• Current, User1, User2, User3, User4, User5, All

The Select column includes a checkbox to identify which FRS-3901 cards you wish to copy profiles into from the
current card.

• For convenience, a Select all checkbox is provided in the column header

Click Copy to copy the selected profiles from this card into the selected other FRS-3901 cards

• While the profile copy operation is in progress, the Transfer Status box on the right of the Copy profile to line will

indicate Working against a yellow background

• When the profile copy operation is complete, the Transfer Status box on the right of the Copy profile to line wil l

indicate Succeeded against a green background

• Note that the source and destination FRS-3901s must have the same firmware version installed in order for the

copy process to work. Non-matching cards will show N/A against a yellow background in the Transfer Status
column, and cannot be selected.

Figure

5-52 Restore Profiles from Disk dialog

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

56 | FRS-3901

5.16.2 Automatic Preset Recall tab

FRS-3901 offers the user the possibility to select a user
preset based on the status of the incoming audio.

Access to the User1 and User2 presets can be triggered
automatically when specific combinations of input audio
signals are detected at the FRS-3901 input.

Switching card parameters in mid-program is more complex
than switching them manually in an off-line situation because
of the need to minimize or eliminate any transition effects,
and is generally quite specific to the card configuration and
the audio modules that are installed. Because of this, a fully
automatic configuration of the feature is not possible, and
user involvement is required. Set-up instructions are given
below.

The Automatic Preset Recall (APR) feature uses the status of
audio appearing at the input audio channels to determine
whether activation of a preset is required.

The user specifies the combination of audios that must
appear on all 16 channels using a concise Presence/Type
string notation in a data box, one for each of the two user
presets.

• For reference, the current input Presence/Type string is
shown in a data box.

• The current input status for each channel is also displayed in a color and text graphic.

The display and string notation used in the iControl panel is as follows:

Audio Type

Audio Channel Presence/Type Graphic

Presence/Type

string character

Label Color Code

Audio Not Present (blank) Dark Gray 0
PCM PCM Orange P
Non-PCM NPCM Yellow N
Dolby E DolbyE Blue E
Dolby Digital AC3 Fuchsia D
Dolby Digital Plus NPCM Yellow N
Don’t Care (only in string) (only in string) X

Figure

5.53 Automatic Preset Recall tab

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 57

Audio Presence Detector section

Implementing this feature requires the use of an audio presence detector, since Audio Not Present is one of the
parameters used in the detection process. This is not the same as an audio silence detector, which finds quiet
portions in an audio signal (the FRS-3901’s silence detectors are set up in the Audio Processing panel).

Use the Threshold pulldown to set the level (in dBFS) below which the FRS-3901 will consider the audio to be absent.
Range: -72 (default), -66, -60, -54, -48

Use the No Signal Duration pulldown to set the time interval for which the audio must be continuously detected as
absent before the Signal Absent status will be confirmed and active.
Range: 33 msec (default), to 100 msec in steps of 10 msec.

Automatic Preset Recall section

To activate this feature, click Enable Preset Recall

• Always configure the User Presets 1 & 2 before activating this feature, as the card will try to reload the

previously saved presets every time you try to change the card’s configuration. First, uncheck Enable Preset
Recall, configure the card according to the first preset, save it and then proceed the same way for the second
preset. Finally, enable the Automatic Preset Recall by checking the Enable Preset Recall.

• Note that you may activate either Automatic Preset Recall as described here, or select a user preset to be

activated by a GPI in the Load Presets section of the Metadata | GPI tab (see section 5.3.1 on page 17), but
only one of these may be active at a time. If User Preset activation via GPI is active when you click Enable
Preset Recall in this tab, a warning box will appear to remind you that enabling this function here will disable the
User Preset activat ion via G PI, and give you the choice to proceed, or to cancel the selection.

Audio Conditions – type a Presence/Type string into the data box for each of the presets that you wish to recall
automatically. Priority will be given to the first condition (USER 1). For example, if you want to do something when 5.1
audio is detected and something else when it is not detected, define the audio condition for 5.1 as the first condition.

The string represents the input configuration that will trigger the preset.

• A useful way to determine the appropriate entry is to set up the inputs to the configuration of interest, and then

copy the string that appears in the Current Presence/Type String data box into the User Preset data box. Note
that unused channels should be set to ‘X’ (don’t care) rather than 0 (absent).

While you are typing, note that:

• Only the characters that are significant can be typed; other keystrokes have no effect

• Characters are not case sensitive, although they appear as capitals in the databox.

Figu

re 5.54 Presets selection warning

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

58 | FRS-3901

• Click and drag to select one or more characters to type

• If you stop typing before filling all the selected character spaces, all remaining spaces will be filled with X (i.e.

don’t care) once you move the focus away from the box.

• The FRS-3901 will automatically detect conflicts, i.e. audio conditions that could call both presets
simultaneously. This could arise because of Don’t Care situations, or because the same string was accidentally
entered in both preset boxes. The most recently entered string will appear in red and will not be active. In case
of conflicts, the User Preset 1 condition will have priority.

Delay – set the delay between the detection of the condition that triggers the loading of a preset, and the actual
execution of the preset.

• The range in the scroll box is from 0 msec up to 500 msec, continuously variable.

• For FRS-3901, the default value is 33 msec, but the optimum value really depends on the application.

The Delay parameter is used to delay the loading of a User Preset into the card’s hardware. The delay range will be
from the fastest audio condition detection time to the longest processing delay of the card.

To begin, note that the Audio Type detector and the Audio Presence detector are both located at the input to the card:

The idea is to calculate the time delay as the audio passes through the FRS-3901 between the time at which the
audio condition is detected, and the time when the audio arrives at the location where the changes in processing need
to be applied. The new preset should only be applied then, so that the processing change is applied only to the new
audio type.

Each card preset may contain hundreds of parameters: some are used to configure input parameters and others
output parameters. Unfortunately, all changes are applied more or less at one time, so some compromise is often
required when processing dela ys through the card are relatively long, such as in Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus
encoding applications. Understanding what processing changes are required, and where those changes are applied in
the signal path through the FRS-3901, will help in making the most effective choice of delay time.

Most of the time, the different presets are nearly identical and only a few parameters will change from one preset to
another. Obviously, if the preset needs to control input and output parameters at the same time, it will be impossib le to
select a perfect Delay.

Application for the Automatic Preset Recall:

Figure 5.55 Relative position of audio presence and type detectors

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 59

Figure 5.60 shows the application. When DV is present on
embedded input channels 7-8, it is passed to the output. When
not present, a downmix version of the main 5.1 will be used. It
has been determined by the customer that the audio level on the
DV channels is always above -72 dBFS because of the noise
floor. If it goes below that threshold, we can assume there is no
audio present.

User Preset 1 will be recalled when DV is present on the
embedded audio input channels 7-8. The embedded audio
output shuffler for channels 7-8 will be programmed to pass the
input channels 7-8.

User Preset 2 will be recalled when DV is silent on the
embedded audio input channels 7-8. The embedded audio
output shuffler for channels 7-8 will be programmed to pass the
output downmix channels 15-16 made from channels 1-6.

The No Signal Duration will be set to 30 msec and the Threshold
to -72 dBFS. Assuming the total processing delay of the FRS­3901 is set to 66 msec to give enough reaction time between the
detection of the silence and the application of the preset, the
Automatic Preset Recall should be configured as shown in the
picture below:

The delay to apply the preset has been optimized to take into account the No signal Duration, the total
processing delay of the card and the internal reaction times of the card. Determining the accurate preset
Delay to apply is rather complicated. Please contact our Technical Support department if you experience any
difficulties.

5.17 Options panel

Three options are available for the FRS-3901:

• Dynamic Processing Option (FRS-3901-OPT-DP)

• ALC option (FRS-3901-OPT-ALC-X)

• Loudness Measurement option (FRS-3901-OPT-LM)

To activate each of thes e o ptio ns , you m ust

• Obtain a license key from Miranda Technologies Inc.

• Type the license key in the Enter Key box

• Click on ENABLE OPTION to enable the option’s features.

Figure 5.56 Application for automatic
preset recall

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

60 | FRS-3901

5.17.1 Dynamic Processing option:

This option enables the audio dynamics processing
functionality of the FRS-3901.

5.17.2 ALC option

This option enables the Automatic Loudness Control feature
of the FRS-3901.

Note that this option is available for 2, 6, 8 or 16 channels.
A separate license key is required for each of these, and the
data window below the Enter key data box will indicate which
is currently enabled, e.g.:

ALC FRS-3901-OPT-ALC-16 for the 16 channel option
If the currently-enabled option is 2, 6, or 8 channels, the

Enter key data box will be available to upgrade to a greater
number of channels.

Figure

5-57 Dynamic Processing option

Figure

5-58 ALC option

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FRS-3901 | 61

5.17.3 Loudness Measurement option

This option enables the Loudness Measurement feature of
the FRS-3901.

Figure

5-59 Loudness Measurement option

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

62 | FRS-3901

5.18 Alarm Config panel

This panel allows the alarm reporting of the FRS-3901 to be configured. The panel opens in a new window when the
button is clicked, and can be resized if needed.

The panel is organized in columns.

Status/Name

This contains an expandable tree listing all the
alarms reported by this FRS-3901 card.

• Each alarm name includes an icon that
shows its current status

• Some alarms may be text-only and the
alarm status is shown in the name and not
by a status icon

The Card LED, Overall alarm and GSM
contribution columns contain pulldown lists that
allow the level of contribution of each individual
alarm to the alarm named in the column heading
to be set.

 Click on the alarm icon to

see the available levels;
then click on one to select it

Card LED

This column allows configuration of the
contribution of selected individual alarms to the
status LED located on the front card edge. The
Card LED status is shown at the bottom of the
alarm tree in the Status/Name column.

Overall Alarm

This column allows configuration of the
contribution of each individual alarm to the
Overall Alarm associated with this card. The
Overall Alarm is shown in the upper left corner of
the iControl panel, and also appears at the
bottom of the Status/Name column.

GSM Contribution

This column allows configuration of the contribution of each individual alarm to the GSM Alarm Status associated with
this card. GSM is a dynamic register of all iControl system alarms, and is also an alarm provider for external
applications. The possible values for this contribution are related to the Overall alarm contribution:

• If the Overall alarm contribution is selected as Disabled, the GSM alarm contribution can be set to any available
value

• If the Overall alarm contribution is selected as any level other than disabled, the GSM contribution is forced to
follow the Overall Alarm.

Figure

5-60 Alarm Co nfiguration panel

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 63

Levels associated with these alarms:

The pulldown lists may contain some or all of the following options:

The alarm makes no contribution (black icon)
The alarm is of minor importance (yellow icon)
The alarm is of major importance (orange icon)
The alarm is of critical importance (red icon)
The alarm exists but has no effect (used for text and composite alarms)

Shortcut: if you click in one of the Set All boxes beside a section heading, you will open a pulldown that lets you
assign a level to all alarms in that section of the column simultaneously.

Once the alarms are configured, you may accept the changes or discard them:

Log Events

iControl maintains a log of alarm events associated with the card. The log is useful for troubleshooting and identifying
event sequences. Click in the checkbox to enable logging of alarm events for each individual alarm.

At the bottom of the window are several other controls

Overall alarm and GSM contribution follow card LED

Click in the checkbox to force the Overall alarm and GSM contribution to be identical to the Card LED status

• All Overall alarms and GSM contributions for which there is a Card LED alarm will be forced to match the Card

LED alarm

• All Overall Alarms and GSM contributions for which there is no Card LED alarm will be forced to Disabled

A warning box will open allowing you to confirm the
action, since it will result in changes to the configuration
and there is no undo function.

Figure

5-61 Warning for Follow LED change

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

64 | FRS-3901

Copy to other cards

Click this button to open a panel that allows the alarm
configuration set for this card to be copied into another FRS­3901 card.

• Select one or more destination cards from the list in the
window by clicking in the checkboxes, or all of them by
clicking in the All checkbox

• Note that when you do a Copy Profile for this card (see
Sect.5.14), the alarm configuration is copied along with
all the other settings.

Get alarm keys

Click this button to open a save dialog where you can save a
file containing a list of all alarms on this card and their current
values, along with an Alarm Key for each. The alarm keys are
useful for system integration and troubleshooting.

• The file is saved in .csv format

OK, Apply, Cancel

• OK accepts the settings and closes the window once the card confirms that there are no errors.

• Apply accepts the settings, but leaves the window open

• Cancel closes the window without applying any changes, and leaves the previous settings intact.

Figure

5-62 Copy to Other Cards window

Figure

5-63 Get Alarm Keys dialog

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 65

5.19 Info panel

The top two lines in this panel identify the model of this FRS­3901, and the rear panel that is currently installed.

When the FRS-3901 is included in an iControl environment,
certain information about the card should be available to the
iControl system. The user can enter labels and comments
that will make this card easy to identify in a complex setup.
This information is entered into data boxes in the Info control
panel.

Rear Type: specifies the rear module currently

installed.

Audio Module: Identifies the audio module currently

installed on the FRS-3901, if any.

Label: type the label that is shown for this FRS-

3901 when it appears in iControl
applications

Short Label type the short-form label that iControl

uses in some cases (8 characters)

Source ID type a descriptive name for this FRS-

3901
Comments: type any desired text
The remaining data boxes show manufacturing information about this card.
Three buttons in the panel give access to other inform at ion.

• Details…: Reports the Firmware version, service version,
and panel version for this card

• Advanced…: Shows the Miranda LongID for this card. The Miranda
LongID is the address of this FRS-3901 in the iControl network.

Figure

5-66 Advanced window

Figure

5-65 Details window

Figure

5-64 Info panel

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

66 | FRS-3901

• Remote System Administration – opens the Joining Locators window,
which lists remote lookup services to which this FRS-3901 is registered

Add: Force the iControl service for this FRS-3901 to register itself on a
user-specified Jini lookup service, using the following syntax in the data
box:

jini://<ip_address>
where <ip_address> is the ip address of the server running the

lookup service, e.g.:

Remove: select one of the services listed in the window by clicking on it, and click Remove to open a query
box allowing you to delete it from the window.

Figure

5-67 Joining Locators window

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 67

6 Audio Modules

The FRS-3901 supports the use of a single audio processing module, user-installed into a socket on the main circuit
board.

• See Annex 3 beginning on page 100 for a description of the module installation and removal procedure

A number of different modules are available, allowing the functionality of the FRS-3901 to be customized.
This section of the manual describes each of the available modules in detail.

Module Description See section
MOD-DOLBY-DEC-2 Dolby E and Dolby Digital decoder 6.1 on page 67
MOD-DOLBY-ENC-D-2 Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus encoder 6.2 on page 70
MOD-DOLBY-ENC-E Dolby E encoder 6.3 on page 72
MOD-LA-DUP-701 Upmixing using Linear Acoustic Technology upMAXTM 6.4 on page 73
MOD-LA-ALC-N*

MOD-LA-ALC-N*-DUP

N-channel ALC licensed by Linear Acous tic
N-channel ALC and upmix licensed by Linear Acoustic

6.5 on page 75

MOD-JA-ALC-N*
MOD-JA-ALC-N*-DUP

N-channel ALC licensed by Jünger Audio
N-channel ALC licensed by Jünger Audio & upmix by Linear Acoustic

6.6 on page 84

* N = 2, 6 or 8, referring to the number of channels processed.

6.1 Dolby E and Dolby Digital decoder

• Identified as MOD-DOLBY-DEC-2 on the module tab.

The decoder supports Dolby E, Dolby Digital or PCM signals.
Any other non-PCM signal will be lost through the decoder
module; its outputs will be muted.

For a Dolby E input signal, the decoder outputs a metadata
bitstream which may be used by the audio processing and
the audio modules, embedded in the 3G/HD and SD outputs,
or sent to the RS-422 output. See the Dolby Metadata tab.

A selector is provided at the Decoder input, but the output
channels of the Decoder are routed to the internal channels
1-8, 9-16, 17 to 24, or 25-32, with a mapping related to the
input Program Configuration and Coding Mode.

6.1.1 Control tab

The Bitstream Detection Mode dictates the action taken by
the decoder for each type of input bitstream.

In Auto mode, the decoder automatically recognizes and
decodes PCM, Dolby Digital or Do l by E input bitstreams. If
Dolby E only is selected, the decoder recognizes and
decodes only Dolby E bitstreams; otherwise the decoder
outputs are muted. The same behavior applies for the Dolby

Figure

5.49 Audio Modules - Dolby Decoder control

Figure

6-1 Audio Modules - Dolby E and Dolby Digital

Decoder

- Control

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68 | FRS-3901

Digital only selection. If Mute (OFF) is selected, all outputs are muted for any type of input bitstreams; the Mute
mode disables the Dolby decoder.
The Input Selection determines the Dolby decoder input channel pair. See Audio Processing/AES Inputs for the
input selection from the audio card.

The Decoder Status section indicates the bitstream format detected at the decoder input. The possible values are:
Dolby E (16, 20 or 24 bits), Dolby Digital (16 or 32 bits, Channel 1, 2 or both), PCM. The detected Dolby format will
give access to the corresponding tab in the row beside the Control tab.

The Dolby Digital section at the bottom of the tab is available only if the input bitstream is Dolby Digital, and the
Detection Mode is Dolby Digital or Auto.

• Refer to ANNEX 5 at the end of this document: Dolby Digital Main Channel Output Functions.

The Stream Select parameter selects the stream number to be decoded when multiple Dolby Digital bitstreams are
embedded within a single channel pair .

The AES Channel Select parameter selects which AES3 channel is the source of the Dolby Digital decoder if the
Dolby Digital data is configured in Professional 16-bit format. If the selected channel does not contain a valid Dolby
Digital bitstream, the channel data will be passed to the decoder output as a PCM signal.

The Listening Mode parameter selects the main channel output listening mode. It is active only for a Dolby Digital
input signal.

• Full is the standard mode.

• Monitoring in 3 Stereo mode reproduces only the left, right and center channels, the surround channels are

muted.

• In Phantom mode, the center channel output is muted.

• The Stereo mode will output only on the left and right channels, and the Mono mode only on center channel.

• Refer to ANNEX 5 at the end of this document: Dolby Digital Main Channel Output Functions.

6.1.2 Dolby E tab

The Dolby E tab indicates status information for the selected Do l by E
bitstream.

The Dolby E Common Status section shows two values that are
common to all programs contained in the Dolby E bitstream: Program
Configuration and Frame Rate.

The Decoder to Proc Channel Assignment section gives the decoder
output mapping to the internal channels of the FRS-3901.

• The Main Output sub-section shows channel assignments

related to the Program Configuration.

The Prg 1 to Prg 8 sub-tabs indicate Metadata information associated
with each Dol by E program: Coding Mode, Bitstream Mode, Dialnorm
(dialog normalization) value , Line Mode Profile, RF Mode Profile,

Dolby Surround Mode, Surround EX Mode and Preferred Stereo
Downmix. The number of programs depends on the Program

Configuration.

Figure

6-2 DolbyE and Dolby Digital

Decoder

- Dolby E tab

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FRS-3901 | 69

6.1.3 Dolby Digital tab

The Decoder to Proc Channel Assignment section indicates the
output channel assignment. The Main Output sub-section shows
channels assignment related to the Program Configuration.

The Dolby Digital Status section indicates status information for the
Dolby Digital bitstream selected at the bottom of the Control tab:

• Coding Mode

• Data Rate

• Bitstream Mode

• Dialnorm value

• Dolby Surround Mode

• Surround EX Mode

• Preferred Stereo Downmix Mode

6.1.4 PCM tab

The PCM tab section indicates the output audio assignment of the Dolby
Decoder module when its input is a PCM signal.

.

Figure

6-4 Dolby Decoder - PCM tab

Figure

6-3 Dolby E and Dolby Digital

Decoder

- Dolby Digital tab

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

70 | FRS-3901

6.2 Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus encoder

• Identified as MOD-DOLBY-ENC-D-2 on the module tab.

The Dolby Digital Plus f unc tion al ity is available in m odul e
version 5.1.0.0 and higher (version number sho wn in the
upper right corner of the tab).

6.2.1 Shuffler Inputs

An input shuffler allows any combination of the input
channels (default are CH1 to CH6). The input labeling will
follow the Metadata (Coding Mode parameter for the
selected Program).

• Pulldowns: Available input channels 1 to 32

Output Channels

This encoder places the output on channels 17 and 18.

Dolby Digital Plus

Select the checkbox to activate Dolby Digital Plus encoding
instead of Dolby Digital. Available in module version 5.1.0.0
and higher.

6.2.2 Configuration

Encoder Control

Use the pulldown to select the operational mode: Dolby Digital Encode or Dolby Digital Plus Encode (as selected
using the Dolby Digital Plus checkbox) or Pass-through.
.

Test signals at -18, -20 dBFS and silence are available for each mode.

• Encode test modes will generate a test bit-stream containing a 1 kHz sine wave for full bandwidth channels and

100 Hz for the LFE channel of a 5.1 program.

• In Pass-through test modes, it will generate a 1 kHz PCM sine wave at its outputs.

When the encoding mode changes, the output mutes and
resumes in the selected mode within one second.

Data Rate

The card can encode at all Dolby Digital data
rates between 56 kbps and 640 kbps and all
Dolby Digital Plus data rates between 32 kbps
and 1024 kbps, although there are constraints in
regards to data rate versus channel configuration
(audio coding mode) – see Table 1.

It supports automatic switching of the data rate
based on the Coding Mod e .

Table 1: Auto Data Rate Assignment

Coding

Mode

Dolby Digital
Automatic 384

Dolby Digital
Automatic 448

Dolby Digital

Plus Automatic

1/0

96 kbps

96 kbps

64 kbps

2/0

192 kbps

256 kbps

128 kbps

2/1, 3/0

256 kbps

256 kbps

160 kbps

2/2, 3/1

320 kbps

320 kbps

192 kbps

3/2

384 kbps

448 kbps

192 kbps

Figure

6-5 Audio Module - Dolby Digital and Dolby

Digital Plus

Encoder

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FRS-3901 | 71

Stream Number

Sets the output stream number from 0 to 6.

Bitstream Format

The output mode of the Dolby Digital bit-stream can be set to 32-bit, 16-bit Channel 1 or 16-bit channel 2. The default
setting is 32-bit. The output mode of Dolby Digital Plus is always 32-bit.

Metadata Source
Selects the Metadata Path set up in the Dolby Metadata tab (see section 5.8 beginning on page 34)

Program Select

Selects the Metadata Program used for encoding. Refer to Dolby Metadata tab to access settings.
[Program 1, Program 2, Program 3, Program 4, Program 5, Program 6, Program 7, Program 8]

Reversion Mode

This parameter specifies the module’s behavior when its selected Metadata Source is lost or corrupted.
[Use last valid Metadata, Stop Encoding]

Encoding Latency

The Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus encoding latency is 187 msec. The encoding latency is automatically
compensated (to avoid lip-sync issues) when the video frame delay (Timing tab) is set to at least seven (7) frames for

59.94 Hz formats and at least six (6) frames for 50 Hz formats.

6.2.3 Status:

Text boxes report current status for Encoder, Metadata bitstream and Coding Mode

Encoder

This box indicates the operational status of the encoder.

Metadata Bitstream

This box indicates the status of the selected Metadata bitstream. The Metadata will be reported as invalid if it
contains missing and/or invalid parameters or erroneous segment checksums.

Coding Mode

This box indicates the Coding Mode parameter in the selected Metadata bitstream.

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72 | FRS-3901

6.3 Dolby E encoder

• Identified as MOD-DOLBY-ENC-E on the Module tab

6.3.1 Input channel selection

Shuffler Inputs

An input shuffler allows any combination of the available
channels to be used as inputs. Default is CH1 to CH8.

• Pulldowns: Available input channels 1 to 32

Output Channels

This encoder places the output on channels 17 and 18

6.3.2 Configuration

Encoding Mode
The operational mode can be Dolby E Encode or Pass­through.

Test signals at -18, -20 dBFS and silence are available for
each mode.

• Encode test modes will generate a test bit-stream
containing a 1 kHz sine wave for full bandwidth
channels and 100 Hz for the LFE channel of a 5.1
program.

• In Pass-through test modes, it will generate a 1 kHz
PCM sine wave at its outputs.

When the encoding mode changes, the output mutes and resumes in the selected mode within one second.
In both encoding and pass-through mode, the delay through the encoder is always one video frame.

Bit Depth

This parameter specifies the number of bits per word used in the Dolby E bitstream. When using an output data width
of 16 bits, the available program configuration will be limited to those which require a maximum total of 6 channels.

48 kHz Pull-down

When Pull-down mode is enabled the encoder will output the Dolb y E bitstream at a sample rate of (1000/1001) * 48
kHz.

Metadata Source
Metadata is the only option. Refer to the Do lby Metad at a panel (section 5.8) for information and configuration.

Reversion Mode

This parameter specifies the module’s behavior when its selected Metadata Sour ce is lost or corrupted.
[Use last valid Metadata, Stop Encoding]

Note: With version 1.1.2 .0 of the D ol b y E encod er, the Rever sion Mode is forced to Use last valid Metadata due
to a limitation in the module itself. The Stop Encoding mode will be available in future versions of the encoder.

Encoding Latency

The Dolby E encoding latency is one (1) video frame (33 msec for 59.94 Hz formats and 40 msec for 50 Hz formats).
The encoding latency is automatically compensated (to avoid lip-sync issues) when the video additional frame delay
(Timing tab) is set to at least one (1) frame.

Figure

6-6 Audio Modules - Dolby E encoder

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FRS-3901 | 73

6.3.3 Status:

Text boxes report current status for Encoder, Video Frame Sync, Reference Frame Rate and Metadata bitstream.

Encoder

This parameter indicates the operational status of the encoder.

Video Frame Sync

This parameter indicates the status of the video reference signal provided to the encoder.

Reference Frame Rate
This parameter indicates the frame rate of the video reference signal provided to the encoder. It will be set to Not
Indicated if the frame rate is not recognized.

Metadata Bitstream

This box indicates the status of the selected Metadata bitstream. The Metadata will be reported as invalid if it
contains missing and/or invalid parameters or erroneous segment checksums

6.4 Upmixing using Linear Acoustic Technology upMAXTM

• Identified as MOD-LA-DUP-701 on the module tab.

This optional module integrates the upMAX

TM

upmixer
function licensed by Linear Acoustic. This processing creates
a 5.1 channel surround field (Left, Right, Center, LFE, Left­Surround, Right-Surround) from a 2.0 channel stereo input
(Left, Right)

The Config - Mode pull-down box offers four different
processing solutions:

Pass Mode

Select the input channels to the L, R, C, LFE, Ls and Rs
inputs with the pull-down menus. These channels are passed
through unaltered and are assigned to the out put channels
selected using the Output Channels pulldown

Upmix Mode

Select the input channel pair to the L/R inputs with the pull­down menu. The resulting 5.1 channels are assigned to the
output channels selected using the Output Channels
pulldown.

AutoMAX-II

TM

Mode

Select the input channel pair to the L/R inputs with the pull-down menu. The resulting 5.1 channels are assigned to
the output channels selected using the Output Channels pulldown. Additionally the channels selected at the C, LFE,
Ls and Rs inputs are summed with the outputs of the upmixing process.

This mode also allows a 5.1 audio present at the input to pass through. It will auto switch between a stereo and a 5.1
audio source to provide a 5.1 output at all times.

• Set up the transition between the two modes to be unobtrusive by selecting transition speeds for each case –
upmix-to-pass and pass-to-upmix – using the two Auto MAX -II Transition Speed pulldowns

• Use the 5.1/2.0 Detection Threshold slider to set the level at which some 5.1 channels are considered to be
silent, identifying the input as 2.0

Figure

6-7 Audio Modules - Linear Acoustic UpMAX

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

74 | FRS-3901

Note: The AutoMAX-II

TM

algorithm is supported by firmware version 1.3.1.0 and later. Firmware version 1.3.0.0

supports only the AutoMAX-I

TM

algorithm. The AutoMAX-ITM algorithm does not support the upmix-to-pass

and pass-to-upmix transition speeds.

Follow Metadata mode

This mode may be useful for sources that switch between stereo and 5.1. The Codin g Mode parameter in the first
program of the Dolby metadata will set the Operating Mode between Pass and Upmix modes.

Note: In F ollow Met ad ata mode, the metadata generator will be automatically turned ON when the upMAX

TM

module is upmixing to provide a valid metadata stream for the upmixed audio content. The generator content
must have been previously configured with valid 5.1 metadata parameters. When the upMAX

TM

module is set
to Pass mode by the incoming metadata stream, the generator will be automatically turned OFF to let the
incoming metadata stream pass through. Refer to Generator Automated mode in the Dolby metadata panel
section for further details (page 35).

If the Coding Mode parameter (in the Dolby Metadata panel) is other than 3/2 (i.e. 5.1 channels) or 2/0 (i.e. stereo
channels) or if the selected metadata path does not carry metadata, the Operating mode will follow the Reversion
Mode pull-down.

Coding Mode (Metadata):

Operating Mode:

3/2 PASS
2/0 UPMIX
1+1, 1/0, 3/0, 2/1, 3/1, 2/2, or metadata is not present Reversion Mode

The Reversion Mode pull-down sets the default Operating Mode to: Pass, Upmix, Last Valid (Last valid Coding
Mode), AutoMAX.

Adjustments

The “surround field” can be adjusted with the Center channel Width control and the Surround channel Depth control.
The bass enhancement signal for the LFE channel is derived from the Left, Center and Right channels. The LFE
checkbox and LFE Channel Level (%) slider control the LFE output.

Latency

The upMAX

tm

processing latency is automatically compensated by the card.

Note: when in UPMIX and AUTOMAX modes, the last channel pair of the output channels selection (channels 7-8,
15-16, 23-24 or 31-32) are reserved for future use and muted.

Note: The upMAX

tm

works with PCM audio. If non-PCM audio like Do l by E or Dolby Digital is fed to the module, it will

be ignored and silenced to prevent interference with the other PCM audio channels.

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 75

6.5 N-channel ALC and upmix licensed by Linear Acoustic

Minimizing loudness differences between
segments in a playout channel is an important
issue in a world where multiple programs
originating in different formats from different
sources must be integrated seamlessly. The
MOD-LA-ALC Automatic Loudness Control
(ALC) module is the Miranda/Linear Acoustic
solution to this need. It uses Linear Acoustic’s
AeroMAX

tm

multiband loudness control

algorithm.

• Identified as MOD-LA-ALC-X-YYY on the module tab where X can be 2, 6 or 8 input channels and –YYY is the
optional –DUP UpMAX

tm

module. The table shows the available MOD-LA-ALC models.

Model Description

Output Channel

Config.

PGM 1 PGM2

MOD-LA-ALC-2

2-Channel ALC licensed by Linear Acoustic Up to 2.0 N/A

MOD-LA-ALC-2-DUP

2-Channel ALC and upmix licensed by Linear Ac ous t ic Up to 5.1 N/A

MOD-LA-ALC-6

6-Channel ALC licensed by Linear Acoustic Up to 5.1 N/A

MOD-LA-ALC-6-DUP

6-Channel ALC and upmix licensed by Linear Ac ous t ic Up to 5.1 N/A

MOD-LA-ALC-8

8-Channel ALC licensed by Linear Acoustic Up to 5.1 Up to 2.0

MOD-LA-ALC-8-DUP

8-Channel ALC and upmix licensed by Linear Ac ous t ic Up to 5.1 Up to 2.0

Depending on the model, different channel configurations are possible as listed in the table above.
The 6-channel ALC supports only a single program (either 5.1 or

2.0, but 4, 3 and 1 can be used), but the 8-channel ALC supports
2 independent programs.

• The first program (PGM 1) can only be configured as a
single program 5.1 ALC or a 2.0 ALC. It is not possible to
configure it as a 3x2, a 6x1 or any other channel
combination with more than one program. If you are using
only 3 channels (left, right and center), you can use the 5.1
configuration and leave the other 3 channels assigned to
silence channels. You can even use the 5.1 ALC for a
single mono channel as long as the other channels are
assigned to silence channels.

• The second program (PGM 2) can only be configured as a

2.0 stereo program, but you can use it as a single mono
program.

Figure 6-8 Audio Modules - LA-ALC-DUP

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

76 | FRS-3901

The figure below shows some of the most popular operating modes for the 5.1 ALC.

AeroMAX

tm

LFE

Rs

Ls

L
R
C

LFE

Rs

Ls

L
R
C

ALC

5.1/2.0

PGM 1

AeroMAX

tm

L
R

L
R

ALC

2.0

PGM 1

AeroMAX

tm

LFE

Rs

Ls

L
R
C

LFE

Rs

Ls

L
R
C

ALC

5.1

PGM 1

Modules with a –DUP feature the optional upMAX

TM

upmixer function licensed by Linear Acoustic. This processing
creates a 5.1 channel surround field (Left, Right, Center, LFE, Left-Surround, Right-Surround) from a 2.0 channel
stereo input (Left, Right). It is the same technology used on the MOD-LA-DUP-701 module. The figure below shows
some typical configurations of the ALC equipped with the upmixer. The two pictures on the right show the upMAX

TM

in

AutoMAX-II

TM

mode, where the configurat ion switches automatically between 2.0 and 5.1.

AeroMAX

tm

L
R

LFE

Rs

Ls

L
R
C

A

L

C

2.0

U
P

M

I

X

PGM 1

UPMAX

tm

AeroMAX

tm

LFE

Rs

Ls

L
R

C

LFE

Rs

Ls

L
R
C

A
L
C

5.1
/

2.0

U
P

M

I

X

PGM 1

UPMAX

tm

Auto

LFE

Rs

Ls

L
R
C

LFE

Rs

Ls

L
R
C

A

L

C

5.1
/

2.0

P

A

S
S

PGM 1

AeroMAX

tm

UPMAX

tm

Auto

Note: The MOD-LA-ALC-X-YYY works with PCM audio. If non-PCM audio like Dolby E or Dolby Digital is fed to the
module, it will be ignored and silenced to prevent interference with the other PCM audio channels.

Latency

The MOD-LA-ALC module proc es sing lat ency is automatically compensate d (to avoid lip-sync issues) when the
additional video frame delay (Timing tab) is set to at least one (1) frame.

6.5.1 Config tab

The ALC PGM x Mode pulldowns specify the channel configuration for
Program 1 & 2 (PGM 1 & 2). Depending on the ALC model, you may
have different possible selections like 5.1, 2.0 or 5.1/2.0. This will
indicate in which configuration you want to operate the module. If you
want to do ALC on a stereo channel, select 2.0. For 5.1 input, select

5.1. The 5.1/2.0 configuration should be used when you have both 5.1
and 2.0 inputs, but you want to do an upmix on the 2.0 input, hence
producing a constant 5.1 output. To upmix a mono channel, use the 2.0
configuration and assign both inputs to the desired mono channel.

If you have an ALC module with the –DUP upmix functionality, you can
also configure the Upmix PGM 1 Mode.

If you set the ALC to work in 2.0 or 5.1/2.0 mode, the pull-down box
offers four different processing solutions:

Pass Mode

Input channels are passed f r om the input to the output untouc hed.

Figure

6-9 LA-ALC-DUP - Config tab

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 77

Upmix Mode

The first 2 channels (L & R) are upmixed. The other input channels in PGM 1 are ignored.

AutoMAX-II

TM

Mode

In this mode, the module will automatically detect the presence of 5.1 or 2.0 channels at the input. When 2.0 is
detected, the incoming stereo will be upmixed. When 5.1 is detected, the incoming 5.1 channels will automatically be
passed through untouched.

Follow Metadata mode

This mode is another way to switch between 2.0 stereo and 5.1 and produce a constant 5.1 output. The Coding Mode
parameter in the first program of the Dolby metadata will set the Operating Mode between Pass and Upmix modes.

Note: In Fol low Metad at a mode, the metadata generator will be automatically turned ON when the upMAX

TM

module is upmixing to provide a valid metadata stream for the upmixed audio content. The generator content
must have been previously configured with valid 5.1 metadata parameters. When the upMAX

TM

module is set
to Pass mode by the incoming metadata stream, the generator will be automatically turned OFF to let the
incoming metadata stream pass through. Refer to Generator Automated mode in the Dolby metadata panel
section for further details.

If the Coding Mode parameter is other than 3/2 (i.e. 5.1 channels) or 2/0 (i.e. stereo channels) or if the selected
metadata path does not carry metadata, the Operating mode will follow the Reversion Mode pull-down.

The Reversion Mode pull-down sets the default Operating Mode to: Pass, Upmix, Last Valid (Last valid Coding
Mode), AutoMAX.

6.5.2 Basic tab

The “Basic” tab is the easiest way to configure the ALC module. You
can use it to load an ALC Preset and specify the output level for each
program.

Of course, all processing controls are accessible and users can custom
design the presets that might be even more appropriate for a given
situation. We strongly recommend starting with the ALC preset that is
closest to the desired objective, then fine tuning it to reach the desired
goal. This will minimize the troubles that will likely be encountered as
many adjustments interact.

ALC Presets

• TV 5B GEN - TeleVision 5-Band GENeral. This is the most commonly
used preset. It provides a moderate degree of dynamic range
processing, and is appropriate for all types of content. It is the factory
default for all core preset choices.

• TV 5B LIGHT - TeleVision 5-Band LIGHT. This is very similar to TV
5B GEN, however the ratio of the multiband compression has been
reduced closer to 2:1 for a more gentle action. Please be aware that
lessening the processing lessens the ability of the unit to control
loudness tightly to a given target.

• TV 5B HVY - TeleVision 5-Band HEAVY. Similar to TV 5B GEN,
however the ratio of the multiband compression has been increased for
a more dense and less dynamic sound.

• TV 5B LOUD - TeleVision 5-Band LOUD. Similar to TV 5B HVY, but louder and more punchy.

Figure 6-10 LA-ALC-DUP - Basic tab

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

78 | FRS-3901

• ITU LOUDness LMT - Utilizes a specially tuned Input AGC plus Multiband Limiters and the Final Limiter to slowly
adjust the average program loudness to a given value and the multiband and final limiters will act unt il the AG C
catches up. This preset is appropriate for ingest or live applications but because the Multiband AGC is bypassed
it has less ability to manage spectral balance which is important for transmission.

• PROTECTION LIMIT - Bypasses all processing except for the final output limiter which is set only to prevent
overload.

NOTE: All presets (except PROTECTION LIMIT) were tuned to produce audio that will have an average dialog
loudness of -24 dB/LKFS as measured by a Dolby LM100.

For the other parameters in the Basic tab, refer to the Advanced Configuration section below.

6.5.3 Advanced Configuration – ALC PGM 1 & 2

We STRONGLY recommend starting with an ALC preset and modifying from there. Preset creation starting from
scratch is an incredibly time consuming process requiring large amounts of time and huge amounts of content
spanning all genres including music of every type, films of every type, television dramas and sitcoms of every type,
and talking-head programs of every type. Linear Acoustic has already done much of the heavy lifting, and provides
presets based on their own listening and feedback from customers over the past few years. Certain parameters such
as crossover frequencies and channel coupling are not adjustable and are hard-coded to the most appropriate values.
That being said, access to all adjustable parameters is provided. There are no factory adjustments hidden from users.
Be careful with this power as most all settings interact with each other, sometimes in ways that might not be
immediately audible.

Figure 5.58 General signal flow of the AeroMAX

TM

processing core

The drawing above shows the general signal flow of the processing core to indicate what part of the chain is being
adjusted by each parameter. Note that this signa l flow is also captured in the “Adjust Processing” menu, with the top
of the list being the input, and the bottom of the list being the output.

A word on the crossovers

The multiband crossovers in the AeroMAX

TM

consist of second order LinkwitzRiley style filters that are hard coded to
specific frequencies. As the processing required for television applications is not as aggressive as other mediums,
little advantage can be gained from changing these values, and the remainder of the processing relies on these
characteristics remaining constant.

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 79

For reference, the crossover frequencies are:

• Band 1 (Low Bass): 20 Hz - 60 Hz

• Band 2 (Mid Bass): 30 Hz - 200 Hz

• Band 3 (Low Mid): 170 Hz - 1.15 kHz

• Band 4 (High Mid): 950 Hz - 6.1 kHz

• Band 5 (Brilliance): 5.2 kHz - 24 kHz

Input AGC

The input AGC is a very slow acting front-end gain control with a 36dB
gain range whose only purpose is to make sure that the following
processing stages are f ed w ith the correc t av erage audio levels. It is
basically the automatic equivalent of an operator slowly riding a gain
control on a console to keep the audio close to reference level.
Wideband in nature, the AGC is not meant to perform rapid gain
reduction or expansion as its actions will be more audible, as with all
wideband gain processors. As a slow gain rider, its actions are nearly
inaudible thanks to the multiband processing that follows it. The AGC
has two stages of gating where the gain expansion is slowed or stopped
to prevent background noise increasing.

Adjustable parameters are:

• Gate Threshold: 0dBFS to -90dBFS (default: -30dBFS). Gating
sets the point at which the AGC release is made extremely slow
to prevent increasing background noise and allow the AGC to
return to unity gain.

• Freeze Threshold: 0dBFS to -90dBFS (default: -42dBFS). Freeze
stops all gain change (i.e. when the audio drops to silence), and
remains frozen at its current gain value unt il the thres h old is
exceeded.

NOTE: Adjust Gate and Freeze to match plant practices. Very quiet
audio (such as a golf match) benefits from having processing frozen
when input audio drops below a given level to prevent “boosting the
cricket” sounds.

• Ratio: 1:1 to Inf:1 (default: 12.0:1)

• Range: 0dB - 36 dB (default: 24dB). Range sets how much gain expansion above unity is performed, and this

amount is subtracted from the total AGC gain range of 36dB, so the default value allows for 24dB of expansion
and 12dB of compression. This adjustment is reflected in real time by changing the AGC meter scale.

• Threshold: -18dBFS - 0dBFS (default: -16dBFS)

• Attack: 0 - 150, slowest - fastest (default: 21)

• Release: 0 - 150, slowest - fastest (default: 47)

• Progressive Release: 0 - 100, slowest - fastest (default: 50). Sets the speed at which the release time is

increased faster at very low gain values. This feature approximates a logarithmic release to help recovery from
dramatic gain reduction more quickly.

Figure

6-11 ALC - Input AGC

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

80 | FRS-3901

Parametric Equalization (PEQ)

Three bands of parametric equalization are provided for fine tuning if
necessary. None of the factory-supplied presets use the parametric
equalizers, but they are provided to create notch filters or other effects if
necessary. Each filter has a gain control with a +/-12dB range, a center
frequency control that varies from 20 Hz to 22.050 kHz, and a
bandwidth or “Q” control that varies between 0 and 10. Normal default
settings for all bands are Gain = 0dB, in other words bypassed.

Multiband AGC

This section is the heart of the dynamics processing engine. A
multiband AGC (i.e. compressor) that allows for medium ratio (3:1 is
default) adjustment of audio band. Adjustable parameters are divided
amongst three tabs:

Main

• Compression Ratio: 1.0:1 - Inf:1 (default: 3.0:1)

• Range: 0dB - 36dB (default: 24dB). Range sets how much gain

expansion above unity is able to be performed. This adjustment is
reflected in real time by changing the AGC meter scale.

• Progressive Release: 0 - 100, slowest - fastest (default: 50). Sets
the speed at which the release time is increased faster at very low
gain values. This feature approximates a logarithmic release to
help recovery from dramatic gain reduction more quickly.

Figure

6-12 ALC - PEQ Parameters

Figure

6-13 ALC - MB AGC - Main

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 81

Threshold /Inf > Thr

• B1 - B5 AGC Thresh(old): -12.00dB - +12.00dB (default: 0.00dB

all). The reference point for the attack and release parameters to
act on the audio signal present in that band.

• B1-B5 Inf:1 Above Thresh: Enabled / Disabled (default: B1:

Enabled, B2: Enabled, B3: Disab led, B4: Disabled, B5: Disabled).
AGC automatically increases the ratio to Infinity:1 once a signal
exceeds the threshold (set below), allowing for expansion below the
threshold and limiting above the threshold. Useful for bass
frequency control.

Attack / Release

• B1 - B5 AGC Attack: 0 - 150, slowest - fastest (defaults: B1:46,

B2:88, B3:88, B4:88, B5:92). How fast an input signal is acted
upon once is crosses the set threshold

• B1 - B5 AGC Release: 0 - 150, slowest - fastest (defaults: B1:50,

B2:60, B3:86, B4:88, B5:92). How fast an input signal recovers
from a gain change once that signal falls below the set threshold.

Figure

6-14 ALC - MB AGC - Threshold

Figure

6-15 ALC - MB-AGC - Attack/Release

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

82 | FRS-3901

Multiband Limiters

Performs multiband limiting of the signals coming from the
multiband compressor.

• B1 - B5 Lim(it) Thresh(old): +12.00dB - 0.00dB (default:
B1:+4.25dB, B2:+4.25dB, B3: +6. 50d B, B4: +9. 00 dB,
B5:+9.00dB). The point above which limiting action
takes place at an Infinity:1 ratio.

• B1 Soft Clip Thresh(old): +12.00dB - 0.00dB (default:
+3.00dB)

• B2 Soft Clip Thresh(old): +12.00dB - 0.00dB (default:
+6.00dB). The point above which band one (low bass) is
very quickly limited, acting more like a clipper without the
artifacts. This helps maintain a “tight” bass sound.

Multiband EQ

This is the section where each of the processing bands is
summed and where overall frequency response can be
tailored.

• B1 - B5 Out(put) Mix: -12dB - + 12dB (defaults: 0dB,
all bands). Sets the mix level for each band summing
all bands back together. These controls are prior to
the final look-ahead limiter and increasing gain may
cause more final limiting (possibly more than desired).

Figure

6-16 ALC module - MB Limiter

Figure

6-17 ALC module - MB Equalizer

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 83

Final Stage

This final section of the processor is where the final look­ahead peak limiter and bass soft clipper are adjusted. The
look-ahead limiters are wideband, limited to 6dB of gain
reduction, are extremely fast, and due to their look-ahead
nature are virtually transparent even at full gain reduction.
Their purpose is to control peaks that make it through the
multiband section. Adjustable parameters are:

• Final Limiter Drive: -6dB - +6dB (default: -5dB). Sets

the level at which the wideband sum of all bands is fed
to the final limiter.

• Output Level: -36dB - 0dB (default: -13dB for PGM1, -

11 dB for PGM2). Sets the output level for the current
preset. Can be used to match the measured loudness
of one preset to another. This is useful as more
aggressive presets will measure differently from less
aggressive versions.

6.5.4 Upmix using Linear Acoustic UpMAXtm

Surround Field Adjustments

The “surround field” can be adjusted with the Center channel Width
control and the Surround channel Depth control.

AutoMAX-II Transition Speed

When the upmix operates in AutoMAX-II

tm

mode, the speed of the
transitions from 2.0 to 5.1, and 5.1 to 2.0, can be configured to
provide smooth and unobtrusive changeovers.

• Set the “Upmix-to-Pass” and “Pass-to-Upmix” transition
speeds independently, over the range Instant to Very Slow

5.1/2.0 Detection Threshold

This parameter is used when the upmix operates in AutoMAX-II

tm

mode to detect silence on some of the 5.1 channels to determine if

5.1 or 2.0 is detected.

LFE Output Channel

The bass enhancement signal for the LFE channel is derived from
the Left, Center and Right channels. The LFE checkbox and LFE
Channel Level slider control the LFE output

Figure

6-18 ALC Module - Final Stage

Figure

6-19 ALC module - Upmix using UpMAX

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

84 | FRS-3901

6.6 N-channel ALC licensed by Jünger Audio & upmix by Linear Acoustic

Minimizing loudness differences between segments in a playout channel is an important issue in a world where
multiple programs originating in different formats from different sources must be integrated seamlessly. The MOD-JA­ALC Automatic Loudness Control (ALC) module is the Jünger Audio solution to this need.

6.6.1 ALC Models

Identified as MOD-JA-ALC-N-YYY on the module tab where N can be 2, 6 or 8 input channels and –YYY is the
optional –DUP UpMAX

TM

function by Linear Acoustic. The table shows the available MOD-JA-ALC models.

Model Description
MOD-JA-ALC-2

2-Channel ALC licensed by Jünger Audio

MOD-JA-ALC-2-DUP

2-Channel ALC licensed by Jünger Audio and upmix by Linear Acoustic

MOD-JA-ALC-6

6-Channel ALC licensed by Jünger Audio

MOD-JA-ALC-6-DUP

6-Channel ALC licensed by Jünger Audio and upmix by Linear Acoustic

MOD-JA-ALC-8

8-Channel ALC licensed by Jünger Audio

MOD-JA-ALC-8-DUP

8-Channel ALC licensed by Jünger Audio and upmix by Linear Acoustic

6.6.2 Program Configurations

This section explains the different program configurations for the ALC and the upmix (when available) depending on
the installed ALC module. The figures below show the graphic interface for some of these configurations.

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

FRS-3901 | 85

Select the Config tab to set up the program configuration
and input/output channels.

Input & Output Channel Selection

• Use the pulldowns on the left side of the graphic to
connect FRS-3901 input channels to the inputs of the
JA-ALC module.

• The JA-ALC module outputs will appear on the FRS-
3901 channels shown to the right of the graphic.

Module Configuration

Use the Program(s) pulldown to select the configuration of
the inputs to the JA-ALC module.

• The presence or absence of upmix changes the ALC
channel configuration. For this reason, it is possible for
the user to disable the upmix functionality. This
functionality will not be present if the current module
model does not have a –DUP. When upmix is
disabled, the upmix parameters are not configurable.

• Select the Disable Upmix Hardware checkbox to
disable the upmix functionality

The list displayed in the pulldown changes depending on
whether upmix is available.

• If upmix is not available (either the –DUP option is not enabled, or else the Disable Upmix Hardware checkbox
beside the pulldown is selected), a very extensive list of program configurations appears, ranging from a single
mono input up to a 5.1 input plus two mono inputs, and everything in between (depending, of course, on the
number of channels available in the module – 2, 6 or 8). See the chart below for a complete listing.

• If upmix is available (-DUP option is enabl ed, an d th e Disable Upmix Hardware checkbox is not selected), then
a much more limited selection is available, as shown in the chart below. Of course, upmix works on 2-channel
inputs only, but in some modes the JA-ALC module will switch between passing the input through if it is 5.1, and
upmixing it if it is 2-channel, so 5.1 inputs appear in the pulldown list.

Changing the Program Configuration may affect the selected preset for the other programs. This is especially true if
the number of programs increases or decreases. The following pop-up may appear:

Note that it may take up to 10 seconds for the new configuration to be established and for the panel to update.

Figure

6-20 JA-ALC module - Configuration

GUIDE TO INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

86 | FRS-3901

Channel Configuration tables

The table below shows the possible configurations for 2, 6 and 8-channel ALC modules. The first column for each
version indicates the configurations without upmix (or when upmix is disabled). The other 2 columns indicate the
possible configurations when the upmix is enabled and in the specified mode.

JA-ALC-8
(no upmix)

Upmix:
>Pass
>Auto
>Follow

Forced
Upmix

JA-ALC-6
(no upmix)

Upmix:
>Pass
>Auto

>Follow

Forced
Upmix

JA-ALC-2
(no upmix)

Upmix:
>Pass
>Auto
>Follow

Forced
Upmix

5.1

5.1+2

5.1+1

5.1+1+1
4
4+2
4+1
4+1+1
3
3+2
3+1
3+1+1
2
2+2
2+1
2+1+1
2+2+2
2+2+1
2+2+1+1
2+1+1+1
2+1+1+1+1
2+2+2+2
2+2+2+1
2+2+2+1+1
2+2+1+1+1
2+2+1+1+1+1
2+1+1+1+1+1
2+1+1+1+1+1+1
1
1+1
1+1+1
1+1+1+1
1+1+1+1+1
1+1+1+1+1+1
1+1+1+1+1+1+1

1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1

5.1

5.1+2

5.1+1

5.1+1+1

4
4+2
4+1
4+1+1
3
3+2
3+1
3+1+1

2
2+2
2+1
2+1+1

2+2+2
2+2+1
2+2+1+1
2+1+1+1
2+1+1+1
+1
2+2+2+2
2+2+2+1
2+2+2+1
+1
2+2+1+1
+1
2+2+1+1
+1+1
2+1+1+1
+1+1
2+1

5.1

5.1+2

5.1+1

5.1+1+1
4
4+2
4+1
4+1+1
3
3+2
3+1
3+1+1

2
2+2
2+1
2+1+1

2+2+2
2+2+1
2+2+1+1
2+1+1+1
2+1+1+1+
1
2+2+2+2
2+2+2+1
2+2+2+1+
1
2+2+1+1+
1
2+2+1+1+
1+1
2+1+1+1+
1+1
2

5.1

4

3

2
2+2
2+1
2+1+1
2+2+2
2+2+1
2+2+1+1
2+1+1+1
2+1+1+1+1

1
1+1
1+1+1
1+1+1+1
1+1+1+1+1
1+1+1+1+1+1

5.1

2

2+2

2

2

1
1+1

2

It can be seen that the upmix is only available in one upmix configuration for the 2-channel ALC. It is not possible to
use the upmix in PASS, AutoMAX-II or Follow Metadata Path configuration.

ALC Filter

The ALC filter parameter sets the type of filtering applied to the audio content by the ALC to measure the audio
loudness

• The ITU-R BS.1770 mode (factory) is the most common way to measure loudness, given in LKFS units.

• The Jünger Level mode is a Jünger proprietary peak operating level control, given in dBFS units.

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FRS-3901 | 87

When changing the ALC filter to ITU-R
BS.1770, the link mode may be affected. If
the value is going to change, a pop-up
informing the user that the link mode will
be affected will appear. Click OK to
continue and modify the Link mode or
Cancel to abort the ALC filter change.

PGM 1 Link Mode

The Link Mode parameter defines how the audio channels of PGM1 are linked together.
The link modes available depend on the ALC Filter parameter.

• In ITU-R BS1770, only 4 link modes are available.

• In Jünger Level mode, 10 modes are available.

Refer to the table below for the complete list. The graphic below the Link Mode pulldown illustrates the current
selection.

The factory default is ALL for a 6-channel program, STEREO for a 2-channel program and MONO for a 1-channel
program.

Link Mode Jünger Level Mode Linking ITU-R BS.1770 Mode Linking

Mono 1.0 (1 mono channel) 1.0 (1 mono channel)
Stereo 2.0 (1 stereo channel pair) 1x2.0 (1 stereo channel pair)
All 5.1 (6 surround channels)

L/R/C/Ls/Rs are linked, LFE is
processed separately

1x5.1 (6 surround channels)
L/R/C/Ls/Rs are linked, LFE is
processed separately

Live L/R/C are linked, Ls and Rs are

linked separately, LFE is processed
separately

Not supported

Movie L and R are linked, Ls and Rs are

linked separately, C and LFE are
processed separately

Not supported

Quad L/R/Ls/Rs are linked, C and LFE are

processed separately

Not supported

All (LFE Linked) 5.1 (6 surround channels + LFE

link) L/R/C/Ls/Rs and LFE are linked

1x5.1 (6 surround channels + LFE link)
L/R/C/Ls/Rs and LFE are linked

Live (LFE Linked) L/R/C are linked, Ls and Rs are

linked separately, LFE is linked with
L/R/C

Not supported

Movie (LFE Linked) L and R are linked, Ls and Rs are

linked separately, C is processed
separately, LFE is linked with L/R
and C

Not supported

Quad (LFE Linked) L/R/Ls/Rs are linked, C is processed

separately, LFE is linked with
L/R/Ls/Rs and C

Not supported

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88 | FRS-3901

The link mode parameter is only enabled for a 5.1 program. For all other programs, it cannot be modified by the user,
but its value may change depending on the conditions listed above.

When changing the ALC filter mode, the link mode may be affected. For a selected link mode, the program channels
can be linked using multiple groups, with independent controls for each of these groups. A separate tab will appear in
the interface for each group. Each tab will have its own loudness monitoring, its presets and its ALC parameters to
configure.

PGM 1 – Upmix

Use the Upmix Mode pulldown to select the Program 1 upmix mode (upmix only functions on program 1):

Pass

Input channels are passed from the input to the output untouched.

Upmix

The first 2 input channels (L & R) are upmixed to generate a 5.1 output regardless of whether the input is 2.0
or 5.1. All other input channels are ignored.

AutoMAX-II

In this mode, the upMAX

tm

will automatically detect the presence of 5.1 or 2.0 channels at the input. When 2.0
is detected, the incoming stereo will be upmixed. When 5.1 is detected, the incoming 5.1 channels will
automatically be passed through untouched.

Follow METADATA

This mode is another way to switch between 2.0 stereo and 5.1 and produce a constant 5.1 output. The
Coding Mode parameter in the first program of the Dolby metadata will set the Operating Mode between Pass
and Upmix modes.

Note: In F ollow Met ad ata mode, the metadata generator will be automatically turned ON when the upMAX

TM

module is upmixing to provide a valid metadata stream for the upmixed audio content. The generator content
must have been previously configured with valid 5.1 metadata parameters. When the upMAX

TM

module is set
to Pass mode by the incoming metadata stream, the generator will be automatically turned OFF to let the
incoming metadata stream pass through. Refer to Generator Automated mode in the Dolby metadata panel
section for further details (page 35).

If the Coding Mode parameter is other than 3/2 (i.e. 5.1 channels) or 2/0 (i.e. stereo channels) or if the
selected metadata path does not carry metadata, the Operating mode will follow the Rev er si on Mod e pull­down.

Reversion Mode

The reversion mode is only active when the Upmix Mode is set to Follow Metadat a. It has no effect in other modes.
When the input metadata disappears, the upMAX

tm

is forced into the operating mode selected using the Reversion

pulldown:

• Pass

• Upmix

• Last Valid

• AutoMAX

Hint - if the module is in the Follow Metadat a mode, and the Metadata presence icon is grey, the reversion mode is
active.

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FRS-3901 | 89

Upmix Configuration

To set up the parameters of the upmix, go to the PGM1-Upmix tab in
the Audio Modules panel.

When Upmix is available (-DUP option active, and Disable Upmix
Hardware not selected), the following adjustments are available.

Surround Field Adjustments

The “surround field” can be adjusted with the Center channel Width
control and the Surround channel Depth control.

AutoMAX-II Transition Speed

When the upmix operates in AutoMAX-II

tm

mode, the speed of the
transitions from 2.0 to 5.1, and 5.1 to 2.0, can be configured to provide
smooth and unobtrusive changeovers.

• Set the “Upmix-to-Pass” and “Pass-to-Upmix” transition speeds
independently, over the range Instant to Very Slow

5.1/2.0 Detection Threshold

This parameter is used when the upmix operates in AutoMAX-II

tm

mode
to detect silence on some of the 5.1 channels to determine if 5.1 or 2.0
is detected.

LFE Output Channel

The bass enhancement signal for the LFE channel is derived from the
Left, Center and Right channels. The LFE checkbox and LFE Channel
Level slider control the LFE output

6.6.3 Loudness Monitoring

Loudness monitoring and ALC are accessed through the various PGMX
tabs that appear in the Audio Modules panel.

• The tabs that appear are determined by the configuration
selected in the Config tab

• Each program has a tab of its own, e.g. PGM1, PGM2, PGM3,
etc.

• If PGM1 is 5.1, and its LFE is not link ed, the LFE will h ave its own
tab, PGM1-LFE

Automatic Level Control using the Jünger Audio Level Magic

tm

system

can be enabled or disabled for each program.

• Select the Bypass checkbox beneath the graphic to disable the
ALC

When enabled, the loudness meters display the input loudness (before
ALC processing), the dynamic correction applied by the ALC, the limiter
correction applied by the ALC, and the program output loudness (after
ALC processing). The input and output loudnesses are given in LKFS,
based on ITU-R BS.1770.

Figure

6-21 JA-ALC module - Upmix

Figure

6-22 JA-ALC module - Loudness

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90 | FRS-3901

Presets

The Preset pulldown allows the JA-ALC module to be configured for this program according to a set of stored values.
There are:

• Five user-accessible registers that can be saved and recalled

• Four factory supplied read-only registers

The user can edit the label text for the five user-accessible registers
The presets hold values for the parameters that are set in the Advanced tab for each program.

• The available controls are described in the next section

• The contents of the read-only :Factory” presets are listed there (page 92)

6.6.4 ALC PGMx Configuration

For each program, the ALC parameters can be adjusted to obtain the desired behavior. This block diagram shows the
processing stages in the signal path:

View the Audio Modules / PGMx / Advanced tab to access the available controls.

6.6.4.1 Input Gain

An input gain stage is available in front of the ALC to compensate for
programs having an input loudness out of the ALC tracking range (very
low or very high input loudness). The input gain ranges from -20 dB to +
20 dB, in steps of 1 dB.

6.6.4.2 Leveler

The figure on the next page illustrates the transfer function and the
parameters that can be adjusted.

Target loudness - Operating Level

• Target loudness sets the desired output loudness in LKFS
according to ITU-R BS.1770. Level Magic continuously fits, as
closely as possible, the average loudness to the target
loudness.

• Operating Level sets the desired output level in dBFS. Level
Magic continuously fits as close as possible the average level
to the operating level. However, the high-dynamic audio
material can cause small deviations from the operating level.

Note: High-dynamic range audio material can cause small deviations
from the target loudness or operating level.

Figure

6-23 JA-ALC - ALC configuration

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FRS-3901 | 91

Zero Zone Above

The Zero Zone Above parameter makes it possible to keep some long-term dynamics above the target, normally
reduced or eliminated by the leveler, in the processed signals. With the Zero Zone Above, all input signals with a
loudness above the target but less than (Target Loudness + Zero Zone Above) will be left untouched by the leveler.
Only signals with a loudness above the Zero Zone Above will be attenuated.

Zero Zone Below

The Zero Zone Below parameter makes it possible to keep
some long-term dynamics below the target, normally reduced
or eliminated by the leveler, in the processed signals. With the
Zero Zone Below, all input signals with a loudness below the
target but greater than (Target Loudness + Zero Zone Below)
will be left untouched by the leveler. Only signals with a
loudness below the Zero Zone Below will be amplified.

Max gain

To avoid unwanted signal amplification, the AGC amplification
is limited to the adjustable Max Gain (dB-value).

Freeze Level

Freeze Level makes it possible to avoid undesired leveling
during signal breaks and overshoots following signal attacks.
If the input signal level goes down and reaches the Freeze
Level, all the states of the AGC (leveler) and transient
processor will be frozen and kept unchanged until the input
signal level rises again.

Silent Level

For signal levels below the Silent Level, the gain of the transient processor goes to 0 dB to prevent an amplification of
the noise floor. It is similar to the “Noise Gate” threshold us ed in state-of-the-art dynamic range processors.

6.6.4.3 Transient Processor

The transient processor should prevent “transients” in audio signals, like the attack phase of musical sound or spoken
word. The transient processor is mainly full automatically controlled by internal Level Magic logic. However, the user
can adjust some parameters that affect the behavior of Transient processor.

Max Gain

To avoid unwanted signal amplification the transient processor
amplification is limited to the adjustable Max Gain. It ranges from 0
to 20 dB, in dB steps.

Response

Sets the response (grip) of the transient processor to: Soft, Mid,
Hard.

6.6.4.4 Limiter

Max Peak Level

The Max Peak Level defines the absolute maximum range to which
the audio is limited to. It ranges from the target loudness to 0 dBFS.

Processing

Sets the program type for the limiter processing:

• Live, Speech, Pop, Uni, Classic

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92 | FRS-3901

6.6.4.5 Presets

The four available “Factory” presets are configured as follows:

Preset name Units

Factory TV

uni

Factory

Sport

Factory

Show

Factory

Movie

Leveler

Input Gain dB 0 0 0 0

Operating Level

Loudness Target

dBFS

LKFS

-24 -24 -24 -24

Zero Zone Above dB 0 0 0 0

Zero Zone Below dB 0 0 0 0

Max Gain

dB

10

10

12

8

Freeze level dBFS -50 -42 -44 -57

Silent level dBFS -70 -70 -70 -70

Time sec/min

40 sec 20 sec 40 sec 2 min

Transient

Processor

Response - Mid Hard Mid Soft

Max. gain dB 10 10 10 6

Limiter

Max Peak Level

dBFS

-6

-6

-6

-6

Processing - Uni Live Speech Uni

The upmix operating modes will differ depending on the ALC model and the program configuration. See the table
below for the list of upmix operating modes versus the ALC PGM1 program config.

PGM 1 Config. Upmix Operating Mode

2

Pass, Upmix (refer to the figures below).

6 Pass, Upmix, AutoMAX-II, Follow Metadata

6.6.4.6 Upmix mode feedback

iControl indicates the current upmix mode (Upmix or Pass) when operating in AutoMAX-II or Follow Metadata mode.
See the examples in the figures below. Note the grey channels, the “Auto/Meta” indicators and the Upmix/Pass labels.

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FRS-3901 | 93

6.6.5 Notes

• The MOD-JA-ALC-N-YYY w or ks with PCM audio. If non-PCM audio such as Dol by E or Dolby Digital is fed to the
module, it will be ignored a nd silenced to prevent interference with the other PCM audio channels.

• The processing delay for all MOD-JA-ALC-N-YYY modules is ¼ of a video frame. To compensate for this
processing delay, the user must increase the processing delay of the card by +1 frame. This additional processing
delay must be added manually in the Video Output page under the Timing tab.

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94 | FRS-3901

7 Specifications

VIDEO INPUT/OUTPUT

Signal (1): SMPTE-259M-C (270 Mbps),
SMPTE-292M (1.485, 1.485/1.001 Gbps),
SMPTE-424M (2.970, 2.970/1.001 Gbps)

Supported formats: SD: 480i59.94, 576i50
HD: SMPTE-274M: 108 0i 5 9.94, 1080i50
HD: SMPTE-296M: 720 p59 .94, 720 p50
3Gbps: SMPTE-425M level A (mapping 1), level B: 1080p59.94, 1080p50

Cable length: 300 m Belden 1694A at 270 Mbps,
150 m Belden 1694A at 1.485 Gbps,
120 m Belden 1694A at 2.970 Gbps

Return loss: >15 dB up to 3 GHz
Jitter: HD/SD: <0.2 UI

3Gbps: <0.3 UI

REFERENCE INPUT

Signal: SMPTE 170M/SMPTE 318M/ITU 624-4 black burst
SMPTE 274M / SMPTE 296M Tri-Level S ync

Return loss: >35 dB up to 5.75 MHz

OPTICAL
Signal: Refer to SFP module specifications

GPIO
Signal (3): Contact closure to ground
Connector: RJ-45
Direction: Bidirectional (application specific)

RS-422
Signal (2): RS-422
Input level: 300 mVp-p (min)
Output level: 3 Vp-p (min)
Rate: 115,200 bauds

VIDEO PROCESSING PERFORMANCE
Signal path: 10 bits
Processing delay: 1 frame
Additional delay: Up to 15 frames upon user selection

AUDIO PROCESSING PERFORMANCE
Quantization: 24 bits
Sampling: 48 kHz, synchronous
Audio delay: Up to 2 s (1 ms steps)