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F3Ci
Revision 01
Part No: 4901-0144
OPERATIONS MANUAL
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WARNING
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY,
TECHNICAL AND PROPRIETARY DATA AND INFORMATION
AND OTHER MATERIAL OWNED SOLELY BY MINELAB
ELECTRONICS PTY LIMITED. THIS MATERIAL MUST NOT
BE USED WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF
MINELAB ELECTRONICS PTY LTD.
© Minelab Electronics Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
This document is protected by copyright. Apart from any use
permitted under the Australian Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) or other
applicable laws, any unauthorised use, appropriation or reproduction
of this document or any part of it is strictly prohibited. No part of
this document may be used or reproduced by any means or by
any process, in any form, without the prior written permission
of the copyright owner Minelab Electronics Pty Ltd of
118 Hayward Avenue, Torrensville, SA 5031, Australia.
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F3Ci Operations Manual
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction ...................................................................3
2. General Description and Preparation .............................................5
2.1 Mine Detecting Set ...................................................................5
2.2 F3Ci Main Components ............................................................ 6
2.3 F3Ci Preparation ......................................................................8
3. Functional Description ..................................................................13
3.1 Functional Controls and Displays ........................................... 13
3.1.1 On / O f f K nob ................................................................. 13
3.1.2 Sensitivity Knob ............................................................ 14
3.1.3 Ground Balance ............................................................ 15
3.1.4 Noise Cancel Button ..................................................... 15
3.1.5 Mode Select Button ......................................................15
3.1.6 LED Display .................................................................. 16
3.1.7 Battery Status ............................................................... 17
3.1.8 Earset Socket ............................................................... 17
3.2 Functional Tones .................................................................... 19
3.3 Test Piece – Functional Test ................................................... 20
4. Operating Procedures ....................................................................22
4.1 Introduction .............................................................................22
4.2 Standard Procedure ...............................................................23
4.2.1 STEP 1 Switch ON .......................................................23
4.2.2 STEP 2 Ground Balance .............................................. 24
4.2.3 STEP 3 Test Piece ........................................................ 24
4.3 Optional Procedures ............................................................... 25
4.3.1 Noise Cancel ................................................................25
4.3.2 Activate/Deactivate LEDs ............................................. 26
4.3.3 Activate/Deactivate Vibration ........................................ 27
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F3Ci Operations Manual
4.4 Sweeping Procedure ..............................................................29
4.4.1 STEP 1 Mapping the Target .......................................... 31
4.4.2 STEP 2 Pinpointing the Target ...................................... 33
4.4.3 STEP 3 Interrogating the Target (Optional) ...................34
4.5 Multiple Targets ......................................................................35
4.5.1 STEP 1 Mapping the Target ..........................................35
4.5.2 STEP 2 Pinpointing Targets .......................................... 35
4.5.3 STEP 3 Interrogating the Targets (Optional) ................. 36
4.6 Operating Multiple Detectors in Close Proximity ....................37
4.7 Completion of Operations .......................................................38
5. Care and Troubleshooting ............................................................. 39
5.1 Routine Care ..........................................................................39
5.2 Troubleshooting ......................................................................40
6. Specifications ................................................................................. 41
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F3Ci Operations Manual
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1. Introduction
Since 1996, Minelab has designed, developed and manufactured
its range of detectors to meet the requirements of mine and
unexploded ordnance clearance operations throughout the
world. Through its patented and unique technology, Minelab
has emphasised equipment capability and operator safety in its
products.
The F3Ci is a lightweight, compact detector that includes a
uniquely designed mechanical platform thereby providing superior
ergonomics. It is a robust detector that is extremely simple to
operate.
Figure 1: F3Ci mine detector
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F3Ci Operations Manual
The F3Ci is designed to detect all types of metal targets and carbon
rods. Additionally, under certain circumstances and using various
tones, the F3Ci can assist an operator to identify specific targets.
The F3Ci incorporates several safety features such as Low Battery
and System Fault warnings, audible confirmation at the completion
of specific operational procedures, and continuous microprocessor
controlled internal self-testing. The inclusion of a Test Piece provides
the operator with a quick and easy check to ensure the detector is
working at its operational capability.
The F3Ci provides a visual indication of detection via a Light Emitting
Diode (LED) display. If required, the F3Ci also provides vibrations to
alert the operator to a target. Sensitivity and volume settings can be
changed through seven preset selections.
Components of the F3Ci are manufactured within tightly controlled
parameters so that they can be interchanged in the field without any
requirement for calibration.
The F3Ci is designed to satisfy MIL STD 810G.
NOTE
Although the F3Ci can withstand immersion to a depth of three
metres for short periods of time, it is NOT designed for use as an
underwater detector.
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2. General Description and Preparation
2.1 Mine Detecting Set
The F3Ci is supplied as a mine detecting set (Figure 2) comprising:
• Hard Case (optional)
• Detector
• Soft Carry Bag
• Earset (Speaker On and
Speaker Off variants)
• Operations Manual
• Field Guide
• Test Piece
• Four C Cell Batteries
(Alkaline or Rechargeable)
Figure 2: F3Ci mine detecting set
The optional Hard Case permits the storage of the detector inside
the Soft Carry Bag and provides protection for the detector when in
transit or placed in storage.
The Soft Carry Bag allows the operator to comfortably carry the
detector when use of the Hard Case is impractical. The Soft Carry
Bag is not suitable for use when transporting the detector by
road or air. For added protection during road or air transport, it is
recommended that the detector be packed in the Hard Case.
F3 COMPACT
Mine Detector
12 seconds
Audio
Reset
45 seconds...
60cm
(24”)
1
2
3
15cm
(6”)
60cm
(24”)
4903-0047-1
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F3Ci Operations Manual
2.2 F3Ci Main Components
Figure 3 identifies the main components of the F3Ci.
Battery
Compartment
Armrest
Armrest Strap
Earset
Connector
Handle
Assembly
Shaft Hinge
Controls
Main Body
Upper Shaft
Middle Shaft
Lower Shaft
Skid Plate
Coil Pivot Assembly
Coil
Lower Camlock
Upper Camlock
Test Piece
Figure 3: F3Ci main components
Battery Compartment – contains 4 x C cell alkaline or rechargeable
batteries. A battery map is provided to indicate correct alignment of
batteries when inserted into the compartment.
Armrest and Strap – provided for operator comfort when the
detector is used for prolonged periods. The Armrest can be extended
for operator comfort.
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Test Piece – conveniently stowed on the Armrest to allow the
operator to ensure the detector is working at its operational
capability.
Earset Connector – provides connection for the Earset.
Main Body – waterproof housing containing the detector electronics
and batteries.
Handle Assembly – collapsible handle that also contains user
interface buttons and LED display.
Controls – On/Off and Volume/Sensitivity selection knobs – both
controls cannot be accidentally rotated.
Shaft Hinge – pivot point for unfolding or folding the shafts. The
hinge is only locked in position when the Handle Assembly is in its
deployed position.
Upper, Middle, Lower Shafts – carbon fibre shafts that are
adjustable for operator comfort and for changes in demining
positions.
Upper and Lower Camlocks – self-cleaning locking mechanisms to
secure middle and lower shafts.
Coil Pivot Assembly – permits the tilt and rotation of the coil and
provides a tension screw for adjustment as required.
Coil – waterproof enclosed coil to eliminate possible interference
from vegetation. The coil can be rotated 180 degrees.
Skid Plate – removable disk that protects and prolongs the life of the
coil thereby reducing maintenance costs.
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2.3 F3Ci Preparation
To prepare the detector for use, conduct the following procedure:
a. Open the Hard Case and/or Soft Carry Bag.
b. Remove the detector and inspect for obvious signs of damage.
If damage is evident, report to the supervisor/team leader.
c. Unlock the Battery Compartment Lid by twisting the Battery
Lock Lever counter clockwise one-quarter turn. Once unlocked,
pull the lid away from the Battery Compartment (the lid will stay
attached by a tether as shown in Figure 4).
d. Using the battery map located on the side of the Main Body,
insert four C cell batteries. Taking care not to snag or trap the
tether, replace the Battery Compartment Lid and rotate the
Battery Lock Lever clockwise one-quarter turn. If the batteries
are inserted incorrectly, the detector will fail to function when
switched on.
e. Using Figure 5 as a guide, unfold and adjust the F3Ci.
Figure 4: Removing the Battery Compartment Lid
NOTE
The F3Ci requires 4 C cell batteries for operation. Use only high
quality alkaline or rechargeable batteries. Minelab recommends that
only rechargeable batteries with a capacity of 5000 mAh or greater
be used with the F3Ci. Rechargeable batteries have specific charge/
discharge maintenance requirements, which should be strictly
followed to ensure maximum battery life.
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1 2
3 4
5
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A
B
6
7 8
Figure 5: Guide to unfolding and adjusting the F3Ci
NOTE
When the Handle Assembly is locked into position (Frame 3), it will
also lock the Upper Shaft in position. To unlock the Handle Assembly
and to allow the Upper Shaft to rotate when repacking the detector,
gently but firmly impact the base of the palm against the top of the
handle behind the LED display.
f. Extend the Lower and Middle Shafts to suit the selected demining
position as shown in Figure 6.
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Figure 6: F3Ci in the standing, kneeling or prone positions
g. Undo the dust caps from the Earset Plug and Earset Socket on
the detector. Gently hold the Earset by the rubber collar using
thumb and index finger, the raised double arrow should be
uppermost (see Figure 7). Align the plug with the Earset Socket
and firmly slide the collar onto the socket.
Figure 7: Connecting the Earset
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NOTE
The Earset Connector is waterproof and must be connected and
disconnected from the Earset Socket by holding the rubber collar.
Do not attempt to connect or disconnect the Earset by pushing or
pulling on the strain relief or wire at the rear of the rubber collar.
The F3Ci is now ready for use. Refer to Chapter 3 for Functional
Description, and Chapter 4 for Operating Procedures.
To repack the F3Ci, this preparation procedure should be reversed.
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3. Functional Description
3.1 Functional Controls and Displays
For ease of use, all controls and displays for the F3Ci are located on
the Handle Assembly and Main Body. Figure 8 illustrates the location
of all controls.
Figure 8: F3Ci controls
3.1.1 On/Off Knob
To switch the F3Ci on, gently pull out the On/Off Knob and rotate
clockwise. Once in the On position release the knob back to the
locked position (refer Figure 9).
When switched on, the F3Ci completes a series of internal start-up
functions including initialisation of the microprocessor and self-tests,
which check internal power supplies, transmitter etc.
Earset
Socket
On/Off
Knob
Sensitivity
Knob
Mode Selector Button
Ground
Balance
Button
Noise
Cancel
Button
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On completion of internal diagnostic tests, the F3Ci will emit a “heart
beat” beep every four seconds (unless targets are detected). If the
LED is switched on, the first LED will illuminate at the same time as
the heart beat.
During operation, continuous internal self-testing continues and an
alarm tone is triggered on detection of any fault condition (refer to
section 3.2 for a description of the alarm tones).
To turn the F3Ci off, pull out the On/Off Knob and rotate counterclockwise to the Off position. Release the switch back to the locked
position.
Figure 9: Switching on the detector
3.1.2 Sensitivity Knob
The F3Ci can be operated using seven preset volume and sensitivity
settings. Position 4 is the default position and should always be
selected when switching on the detector and conducting the Test
Piece procedure (refer to section 4.2.3).
If the F3Ci Sensitivity Knob is rotated to the Yellow Dot position, the
detector will operate at maximum sensitivity. When Interrogation
Mode (see Section 3.1.5) is selected, under certain conditions, the
detector will emit one tone for carbon rods, and another tone for all
other targets.
The Yellow Dot on the decal indicates the position that, when
selected, places the detector into a mode that is optimised to
detect targets that are often used in the construction of improvised
explosive devices.
60cm
(24 in)
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* WARNING *
When detecting targets with low metal signatures, the F3Ci should
not be used on a selection lower than the default setting (Position
4). Where possible, Free From Explosive targets should be buried
at the required detection depth. Sensitivity options (Positions 4 to
7) should then be tested to determine the most suitable sensitivity
to ensure detection of the target.
3.1.3 Ground Balance
Located on the right hand side of the LED display, when pressed and
released the detector will commence its Ground Balancing sequence
to remove the effects of mineralised soils.
3.1.4 Noise Cancel Button
Using the Noise Cancel button located on the left of the LED display,
the operator can initiate an automatic frequency scanning sequence.
As a result the F3Ci will select an operating frequency that minimises
the effects from sources of electrical interference.
3.1.5 Mode Select Button
The yellow Mode Select button can be used to toggle between:
a. Detection Mode. This mode is the default mode for the detector
and will provide a similar tone to all types of metal targets. The
tone will vary in volume depending on the size or proximity of the
target.
b. Interrogation Mode. When selected, this mode will provide
different tones for various targets.
c. Pinpoint Mode. By selecting Pinpoint Mode, the detector provides
a single tone that assists in determining the accurate location of
the target.
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* WARNING *
Detection Mode is always more sensitive than Interrogation or
Pinpoint modes. This means that, on occasion, when a very small
target is detected in Detection Mode, it is possible the target will
not be detected when selecting Interrogation or Pinpoint modes.
In this instance, the detector should remain in Detection Mode to
locate and mark the target position.
3.1.6 LED Display
A display of nine red LEDs provides a visual indication of target
size and proximity. The display can be switched On and Off by
simultaneously pressing the yellow Mode Select button and the
Ground Balance button.
When the LED display is switched on but no targets are detected,
then the first LED will flash, representing the heart beat.
Figure 10: LED Display with no target response
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Other typical illuminations of the LED display, including Battery Low
Alarm LED are illustrated in Figure 11.
Test Piece Procedure
At least two LEDs Illuminated
Small/deep target
response
Medium target
response
Large/shallow
target response
Low battery alarm
Figure 11: Typical LED responses
NOTE
The LED display will always be off when the detector is first switched
on.
3.1.7 Battery Status
Battery status can be checked at anytime by pressing and holding
down the Noise Cancel button and then pressing and immediately
releasing the Ground Balance button. Once completed the LED
display will indicate the battery status for a period of three seconds.
3.1.8 Earset Socket
The F3Ci has an internal speaker located inside the Main Body,
however, it can also be fitted with an Earset via the Earset Socket.
The procedure for connecting the Earset is described in section
2.3.g.
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A standard humanitarian demining Earset (Earset Speaker On)
permits the detector’s internal speaker to continue to function even
when the Earset is connected.
For military countermine applications, an Earset that mutes the F3Ci’s
internal speaker when the Earset is connected is available (Earset
Speaker Off). The Earset Speaker Off is identified by a short length of
green tubing located at the rear of the Earset Plug.
* WARNING *
Minelab strongly recommends that an operator always wears an
Earset when using the F3Ci detector.
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3.2 Functional Tones
The F3Ci emits tones that vary in pitch and volume to alert the
operator to targets, automatic detector functions or equipment alarm
conditions. The following table summarises the tones that an F3Ci
can produce.
Tones Event Description
Start-Up Internal diagnostic checks
when the F3Ci is switched on
A single rising tone
followed by two beeps.
Heart Beat Signifies correct operation of
detector
Single or double beep
every four seconds (only
occurs in the absence of
detection audio).
Ground
Balance
Indicates successful
Ground Balance procedure
completed
Single beep followed by
three beeps at completion.
Target Indicates metal target
detected
Increases volume and high
or low pitch depending on
target metal composition
and depth.
Battery Low Indicates batteries do not
have enough charge to
continue detection
High pitched fast
continuous oscillating tone
PLUS blinking Battery Low
LED provided the LED
display is switched on.
Equipment
Fault
Indicates failure of detector
component
Low pitched slow
oscillating tone (ee-aww,
ee-aw w).
Coil Fault Indicates coil not connected
or not receiving sufficient
current
Low pitched double tone
every five seconds.
Noise Cancel Indicates Noise Cancel
procedure is occurring
A single beep followed by
20 seconds of a two-beep
series and completed with
three beeps.
Default
Sensitivity
Selected
Confirms to operator that
Sensitivity knob is at Position
4 (Default) when the detector
is switched on or Position 4
is selected when the detector
is in use
Double mid pitched beep.
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Tones Event Description
Default
Sensitivity Not
Selected
Indicates that the default
sensitivity is not selected
when detector is switched on
Single low pitched beep
if sensitivity lower than
default (Position 4) and
single high pitched beep
if sensitivity higher than
default.
Changing
Sensitivity
Increasing or reducing
sensitivity
When increasing sensitivity
a single high pitched
beep. When decreasing
sensitivity a single low
pitched beep.
Table 1: Functional tones
NOTE
Electronics within the F3Ci ensure that its performance remains
consistent as the charge state of the batteries begins to reduce.
When the batteries can no longer supply the necessary power to
sustain correct performance of the detector, a Battery Low Alarm will
alert the operator.
* WARNING *
When Battery Low Alarm occurs the operator must immediately
STOP operations. The F3Ci should be switched off and new or
recharged batteries inserted into the Battery Compartment.
3.3 Test Piece – Functional Test
The F3Ci is supplied with a Test Piece designed to confirm that the
detector is working to correct specifications. The sensitivity of the
detector should be checked with the Test Piece when the Sensitivity
Knob is at Position 4 (default). In some instances, a user may prefer
to use inert mines or targets as test pieces because they represent
the local threat. Minelab recommends that the detector is always
first tested with the supplied Test Piece before local test pieces are
used for testing.
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* WARNING *
The Test Piece functional test must be conducted with the Sensitivity
Knob set to Position 4 (Default) and should be conducted whenever
the detector is switched on to conrm correct functionality of the
detector.
NOTE
After switching on the detector, the LEDs will always be disabled.
If an Earset Speaker OFF is connected to the detector, the LED
display will be automatically disabled for tactical reasons. However,
if required the LED display can be enabled by pressing the Mode
Select button and the Ground Balance button.
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F3Ci Operations Manual
4. Operating Procedures
4.1 Introduction
The F3Ci is designed to ensure that operation of the detector is
as simple as possible. Additionally, the F3Ci is extremely capable,
robust and safe to use, eliminating the need for lengthy training
requirements. This chapter describes procedures for safe and
effective operation of the F3Ci. Where these procedures contravene
local Standard Operating Procedures, local procedures should
take precedence provided that all Minelab recommended safety
procedures are followed.
Figure 12: F3Ci detector
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4.2 Standard Procedure
Earset
Socket
On/Off
Knob
Sensitivity
Knob
Mode Select Button
Figure 13: F3Ci controls
After unpacking the detector and preparing it for use as described in
chapter 2, complete the following THREE step standard procedure.
4. 2 .1 STEP 1 Switch ON
a. Hold the coil at least 600 mm (24 ins) from the ground, and away
from any metallic objects. Ensure Sensitivity is set to Position 4
(default) and then turn the detector on by lifting and rotating the
On/Off Knob clockwise.
60cm
(24 in)
Figure 14: Switching on the detector
The F3Ci will emit a rising tone for approximately 2 seconds followed
by two beeps. At the completion, the heart beat will commence.
b. If the detector is affected by interference, perform a Noise Cancel
(section 4.3.1).
NOTE
The detector will be in detection mode and should remain in
detection mode during this procedure.
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4.2.2 STEP 2 Ground Balance
Ensure this procedure is carried out on ground free of metal and hold
the coil about 150 mm (6 ins) above the ground.
a. Press and release the Ground Balance button. Slowly lower the
coil directly to the ground then lift the coil up again 150 mm
(6 ins). Refer to Figure 15.
b. Continue to slowly lower and raise the coil until the ‘Ground
Balance OK’ tone is heard. (‘Ground Balance OK’ tone consists
of a three-tone sequence which occurs after approximately 7
seconds.)
150mm
(6 in)
Figure 15: Ground Balance procedure
4.2.3 STEP 3 Test Piece
Ensure the operator’s hands and arms are free of metallic objects
(watches, rings etc.), and that no other metallic objects are near the coil.
a. Remove the Test Piece from its stowed position on the Armrest
by extending the Armrest and rotating the Test Piece clockwise.
Hold the Test Piece above the middle of the coil with the end
containing metal AWAY from the coil.
b. Move the Test Piece towards the centre of the coil until it lightly
touches the surface then move it away in the same direction.
NOTE
The detector should always be set to position 4 and in Detection
Mode when conducting STEP 3.
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A faint but clear response should be heard indicating the sensitivity
of the detector is correct.
With the LED display enabled, the Test Piece Procedure will result in
the illumination of at least two LEDs.
Figure 16: Test Piece procedure
4.3 Optional Procedures
After Step ONE, three optional procedures can be conducted if
required. Each procedure can be conducted at any time during
operations.
4. 3.1 Noise Cancel
If the detector is affected by interference, conduct Noise Cancel as
follows:
a. Holding the coil stationary and at least 600 mm (24 ins) above the
ground press and immediately release the Noise Cancel button
(see Figure 17).
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F3Ci Operations Manual
Noise Cancel will commence with a single beep followed by 20
seconds of a series of two beeps and finishing with a three-beep
sequence.
Figure 17: Noise Cancel
During the 20 seconds, the detector scans the environment
searching for any electrical interference. Once detected, the F3Ci
will automatically select a different operating frequency to eliminate
or reduce the interference.
NOTE
The detector cannot be used for clearing operations during Noise
Cancel. The coil should not be moved during this procedure nor
should metallic objects be brought near the coil.
4.3.2 Activate/Deactivate LEDs
When the detector is first switched on the LEDs are deactivated. If
required, the LED display can be activated by pressing and holding
the Mode Select button and then pressing the Ground Balance
button. Upon the LEDs illuminating release both buttons. To
extinguish the LED display, repeat the process.
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4.3.3 Activate/Deactivate Vibration
The detector incorporates a vibration feature to give an operator a
tactile response during the detection of a target. When the detector
is first switched on the vibration is deactivated. To activate vibration
press and hold the Mode Select button and then press the Noise
Cancel button. Once activated release both buttons. To deactivate
the vibration, repeat the process.
NOTE
Vibrations, if activated, will not occur during the test piece procedure.
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F3Ci Operations Manual
STEP 1
SWITCH ON
STEP 2
GROUND
BALANCE
STEP 3
TEST PIECE
OPTIONAL
PROCEDURE
60cm
(24 in)
150mm
(6 in)
PRESS MODE
SELECT BUTTON
AND NOISE
CANCEL BUTTON
NO
YES
NO
YES
THRESHOLD
NOISY/UNEVEN
NOISE
CANCEL
NO
YES
TURN ON
LEDS
TURN ON
VIBRATION
PRESS MODE
SELECT BUTTON
AND GROUND
BALANCE BUTTON
Figure 18: Standard and optional procedures
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Once Noise Cancel is complete, continue with Standard Procedure
steps 2 and 3. Figure 18 illustrates this sequence. Once completed,
the F3Ci can commence operations in compliance with local
Standard Operating Procedures.
NOTE
Having completed STEPS 1, 2 and 3 the F3Ci remembers the Ground
Balance setting even after the detector has been switched off.
After Noise Cancel is completed the F3Ci remembers the frequency
selected to minimise interference, even if the detector is switched off.
4.4 Sweeping Procedure
The F3Ci has three sweeping modes as follows:
a. Detection Mode. This is the default mode and will provide a
similar alarm for all types of targets. The volume of the alarm will
vary depending on the size and proximity of the target.
b. Interrogation Mode. Once a target has been found, it can be
analysed by selecting Interrogation Mode. This is achieved by
pressing and releasing the Mode Select button which will toggle
between Detection and Interrogation modes. Interrogation Mode
will provide different tones for different targets, thereby assisting
the operator to identify a specific target of interest.
NOTE
When in Detection or Interrogation modes, the F3Ci operates as a
“dynamic” detector which means the coil must be moving relative to
the target for the target to be detected.
Two beeps will occur when the detector returns to Detection Mode.
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c. Pinpoint Mode. By pressing and holding down the Mode Select
button, the F3Ci will enter Pinpoint Mode. In this mode, the tone
will be the loudest when the centre of the coil is directly above the
target.
NOTE
When in Pinpoint Mode, the F3Ci operates as a “static” detector which
means an alarm will sound even when the coil is stationary above the
target.
NOTE
Pressing and releasing the yellow Mode Select button will toggle
between Detection and Interrogation modes.
When pinpointing is completed and the Mode Select button is
released, the detector will return to the Detection Mode (default)
indicated by a double beep.
* WARNING *
Detection Mode is always more sensitive than Interrogation or
Pinpoint modes. This means that, on occasion, when a very small
target is detected in Detection Mode, it is possible the target will
not be detected when selecting Interrogation or Pinpoint modes.
In this instance, the detector should remain in Detection Mode to
locate and mark the target position.
In Detection Mode (default), the F3Ci should be swept with a smooth
even motion. If the detector is swept too fast or too slow, small or
deep targets may be missed. The coil should always be kept at the
same height above the ground with care taken to ensure that the coil
is not inadvertently raised at the end of each sweep (see Figure 19).
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Mine Lane
Direction of
Movement
Figure 19: Sweeping procedure
Depth of detection depends on target distance from the coil, not
depth of the target under the ground. Therefore, the coil should be
swept as close to the ground as possible to maximise detection
depth (local Standard Operating Procedures take precedence).
When a target is initially detected in Detection Mode , an operator
should stand in place and continue to sweep the F3Ci beyond the
target in an attempt to find clear ground. In doing so the operator will:
a. immediately gain an impression of the size of the target prior to
commencing the pinpointing procedure; and
b. confirm the target is not in close proximity to a second target
thereby avoiding a possible booby trap.
NOTE
Minelab recommends a half coil (100 mm/4 inches) overlap on
successive sweeps as an operator moves forward in a mine lane.
4.4.1 STEP 1 Mapping the Target
Having detected a target using the sweeping procedure in detection
mode and obtained a rough idea of its size and location, the location
of the target can be ‘mapped’ using the F3Ci’s ‘Edge Detection’
technique.
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F3Ci Operations Manual
To conduct edge detection, the coil should approach the target
location from a variety of angles as shown in Figure 20.
As the coil approaches the target, an alarm tone will occur indicating
that coil is in close proximity to the target.
From the alarm tone, the operator should mentally mark the position
on the ground, move the coil away, and approach the target from
another angle.
This process continues until the operator achieves a mental picture
of the target area.
Figure 20: Mapping the target
* WARNING *
Extreme care must be taken when mapping the target to ensure
the coil does not touch the ground (or any exposed parts of the
mine) or snag on any previously undetected trip wires.
For large minimum metal anti-tank mines, it is possible that the
area mapped out may be less than the actual area of the mine.
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33
4.4.2 STEP 2 Pinpointing the Target
In Step 1, the area of a target was determined. If the metal in the target
is sufficiently small, the area mapped will also be small and therefore
it is a relatively simple matter to pinpoint the centre of the target. Move
the coil away from the mapped target and select Pinpointing Mode by
pressing and holding the yellow Mode Select button.
* WARNING *
Do not select Pinpoint Mode when the coil is above the target
as this may result in the target being masked.
To determine the centre, for larger targets, the coil should be slowly
moved across the mapped area. As the coil approaches the centre
of the target, the alarm tone will increase to a maximum volume.
Where maximum volume is achieved, the coil can be considered to
be above the centre of the target.
Once confirmed, local Standard Operating Procedures should be
followed to mark the target.
Maximum Volume
Figure 21: Determine target centre
NOTE
Against small targets, when the coil is above the target, the tone
may cease. Movement either side will cause a tone to occur. In this
instance, the centre of the target is indicated by the muting of the tone.
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4.4.3 STEP 3 Interrogating the Target (Optional)
Having pinpointed the target the Mode Select button should be
released, returning the detector to Detection Mode. The selection
of detection mode will be indicated by a double beep. If required the
target can be analysed by selecting Interrogation Mode.
To change from Detection Mode to Interrogation Mode, press and
release the Mode Select button. The selection of Interrogation Mode
will be indicated with a single beep. Sweep the coil back and forth
across the target location to obtain a specific tone that represents
the target.
NOTE
Interrogation Mode will provide a specific tone for a target. However,
the tone is not unique and other targets may produce the same type
of tone.
In different types of soil, the same target may give a different tone
when interrogated.
* WARNING *
Depth of detection when in Interrogation or Pinpoint mode may
be less than when in Detection Mode.
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35
4.5 Multiple Targets
There may be occasions when an operator will encounter multiple
targets. For example, small anti-personnel mines may be laid in a
cluster, or a large anti-tank mine may be surrounded by smaller antipersonnel mines or booby-traps.
4.5.1 STEP 1 Mapping the Target
Using the procedure described in section 4.4.1, an area enclosing
the multiple targets can be mapped.
Figure 22: Mapping multiple targets
NOTE
To an experienced operator the shape of the mapped area can
indicate whether multiple targets may be present.
4.5.2 STEP 2 Pinpointing Targets
After mapping out a suspicious area that may contain multiple
targets, select pinpointing mode and sweep across the area
approaching from different angles. In this manner separate
alarms may occur indicating the location of different targets.
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F3Ci Operations Manual
Figure 23: Multiple targets
4.5.3 STEP 3 Interrogating the Targets (Optional)
Once several targets have been pinpointed, each target can be
analysed by selecting Interrogation Mode and sweeping the detector
over the location of the suspected target. It is possible that different
tones will be emitted for different targets thereby providing useful
information to the operator.
* WARNING *
Detection Mode is always more sensitive than Interrogation or
Pinpoint modes. This means that, on occasion, when a very small
target is detected in Detection Mode, it is possible the target will
not be detected when selecting Interrogation or Pinpoint modes.
In this instance, the detector should remain in Detection Mode to
locate and mark the target position.
* WARNING *
The volume from a large target may mask that of a small target
if the small target is located very close to the large target. Two
similar targets located close to each other may result in only on
alarm.
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37
4.6 Operating Multiple Detectors in Close Proximity
On occasion it may be necessary to operate F3Ci detectors in
close proximity. In normal circumstances, an F3Ci detector can
operate as close as two metres (seven feet) to another without
suffering excessive mutual interference. To achieve this minimum
operating distance between detectors, Noise Cancel must be
conducted as follows:
a. With all other detectors switched off, switch on the first detector
and perform Noise Cancel as described in section 4.3.1.
b. Once Noise Cancel is finished on the first detector, leave it
switched on. Ensure that the second detector is at least two
metres away and switch it on. Conduct Noise Cancel using the
Noise Cancel button of the second detector.
c. Continue this process for all detectors being used in close
proximity.
2 metres
Noise Cancel
Figure 24: Operating detectors in close proximity
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4.7 Completion of Operations
At the completion of operations, the F3Ci should be checked with the
Test Piece before switching off to ensure satisfactory performance
before being packed away. Once completed:
a. Turn the detector off.
b. Clean the detector and inspect for any signs of damage.
c. Remove the batteries from the Battery Compartment and stow in
Soft Carry Bag.
d. Disconnect the Earset.
e. Retract the Middle and Lower Shafts rotating the coil to the
stowed position.
f. Collapse Handle and pivot the retracted shafts securing in
position with the Armrest Strap.
g. Stow the detector in the Soft Carry Bag and Hard Case if
available.
h. Check all components are accounted for (especially the Test
Piece and Earset) and are correctly packed.
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39
5. Care and Troubleshooting
5.1 Routine Care
The F3Ci is designed for lasting use in harsh operating
environments. However, proper care and maintenance will ensure
long-term reliability. Key to ensuring the durability of the F3Ci is the
correct stowage of the detector whenever it is not in use. Additionally,
operators of F3Ci detectors should be aware of the following:
a. During rest periods, wherever possible, the detector should be
sheltered from direct sun, rain, snow etc.
b. On completion of operations, with the F3Ci fully extended, all
shafts should be wiped with a damp cloth to remove any dirt or
dust before collapsing the shafts.
c. Do not use solvents to clean the F3Ci. If any part of the detector
comes into contact with corrosive substances, wash the detector
with clean fresh water and dry with a clean cloth.
d. Ensure the F3Ci is dry before stowing in the Soft Carry Bag.
e. Ensure the batteries are removed from the Battery Compartment
before stowing the detector.
f. The Skid Plate is designed to protect the coil and may require
replacement after long periods of use. There is no requirement
to remove the Skid Plate to clean the inside during routine
maintenance. To replace the Skid Plate, remove the original using
fingers to lever it from the coil, then push the replacement Skid
Plate onto the coil (see Figure 25).
Figure 25: Replacing the Skid Plate
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5.2 Troubleshooting
Table 2 provides several troubleshooting procedures in response to
a variety of possible problems.
Problem Recommended Procedure
F3Ci will not switch on 1. Check batteries have been inserted
correctly into the Battery Compartment, or
2. Replace batteries.
After switching on, there
is excessive background
chatter, even with the coil
stationary
1. Conduct Noise Cancel
2. Move away from noise source
There is no sound from the
Earset
1. Disconnect and reconnect the Earset, or
2. Try a known serviceable Earset (if this
solves the problem, the original Earset may
be faulty, if this does not solve the problem,
the Earset socket may be faulty)
There is no sound from the
Speaker
1. Switch off and on, or
2. Disconnect Earset, Switch off and on
Cannot hear the Test Piece. 1. Ensure the sensitivity of the detector is set
at Position 4.
2. Ensure detector is operating in Detection
Mode.
Table 2: Troubleshooting Specifications
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41
6. Specifications
Length
Operating Length 1490 mm/59 ins – 950 mm/37 ins
Weight
Operating weight with
batteries (complete)
2.51 kg/5.5 lbs
Operating weight without
batteries
2.28 kg/5.0 lbs
Shipping weight (in hard
case with batteries)
7.4 kg/16.3 lbs
Transmission
Technology Continuous Wave - VFLEX
Output
Audio Internal Loudspeaker
Earset (various configurations available)
Visual 9 LED Display
Environmental
Temperature (Operating) -30 deg C to 60 deg C
-22 deg F to 140 deg F
Temperature (Storage) -35 deg C to 70 deg C
-31 deg F to 158 deg F
Environmental Endurance To MIL STD 810G
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F3Ci Operations Manual
Batteries
Alkaline 4 x C cell LR14
Rechargeable 4 x NiCad or NiMh C cell minimum 5000 mAh
capacity
Battery Reverse Polarity
Protection
Yes
Patents and Trademarks
Patents and trademarks may apply to this product.
Patents: www.minelab.com/patents
Disclaimer
As a world leader in metal sensing technology, Minelab strives to
continually improve its product range. Minelab reserves the right to
introduce changes to the design, technical features and accessories
of this product.
Page 45
Contact Details:
Minelab Electronics Pty Ltd
tel: +61 8 8238 0888
Minelab Americas Inc
tel: +1 630 401 8150
Minelab International Limited
tel: +353 21 423 2352
email: countermine@minelab.com.au
www.minelab.com
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