Midian VS-1200, VS-1050, VS-1000 User Manual

Frequency Domain Voice Scrambler with Multi-Format ANI

Voice Inversion Scrambler with Multi-Format ANI

Manual Revision: 2009-06-26

Covers Firmware Revisions:
VS1xxx: 01.31.00 & Higher

Covers Hardware Revisions:
VS1xxx: 359B

VS-1200

VS-1000

Voice Inversion Scrambler

VS-1050

1

HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS

Operating Voltage 4.75-15.5 VDC***
Operating Current – VS-1200:
Power Save Mode (COR Operation) 2.5 mA typical
Power Save Mode (VOX Operation) 10 mA typical
Clear or Inversion Operation 29 mA typical
FFT Scrambling Operation 83 mA typical
Average w/COR Power Save (80-10-10 cycle) <17 mA*
Average w/COR Power Save (90-5-5 cycle) ~10.5 mA*
Operating Current – VS-1000 & VS-1050:
Power Save Mode (COR Operation) 2.5 mA typical
Power Save Mode (VOX Operation) 10 mA typical
Clear or Inversion Operation 17.5 mA typical
Average w/COR Power Save (80-10-10 cycle) <5 mA*
Average w/COR Power Save (90-5-5 cycle) <4 mA*
Operating Temperature -30 - +60 C
Frequency Response 300-3000 Hz**
Input Impedance >45 kΩ
Input Level (TX) 0.05-2.5 VPP
Input Level (RX) 0.05-2.5 VPP
Audio Output Impedance < 1200 Ohm
Dimensions ~1.6” L x 0.83” W x 0.21” H

* - The transmit and receive cycles are based on scrambled mode. When using clear mode, the consumption will decrease.
** - This is based on FFT scrambling. When using voice inversion this will vary.
*** - The VS-1000 and VS-1050 support 4.75 to 15.5 VDC. The VS-1200 supports 4.75 to 10 VDC. If a higher voltage input is
needed on the VS-1200 a 4.7 Volt Zener diode must be installed in series with the voltage input lead.

SECURITY SPECIFICATIONS

VS-1200:

Total Code Combinations ~6.2 x 10^23
Actual Code Combinations ~4 Billion
Number of Selectable Keys 3
Levels of Security 4
Inversion 2100-4100 Hz (0-15 Hz resolution)
Level 1 16 bins
Level 2 32 bins
Level 3 64 bins

VS-1000 & VS-1050:

Number of Selectable Keys 4
Inversion Frequency Range 2100-4100 Hz (0-15 Hz resolution)

VS-1200 & VS-1050 ANI SPECIFICATIONS

DTMF ANI Length Up to 6-digits
DTMF ANI Timing 60/40 msec (Programmable)
5-Tone ANI Length Up to 6-digits
5-Tone ANI Timing Programmable
G-Star ANI Range 0001-9999
G-Star ANI Timing 320 msec
Motorola’s MDC-1200 ANI Range 0000-FFFF
Motorola’s MDC-1200 ANI Timing ~180 msec
Kenwood’s FleetSync Unit ID Range 1000-4999
Kenwood’s FleetSyncUnit ID Timing ~100-150 msec

2

GENERAL INFORMATION

VS-1200:

The VS-1200 is a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) based Frequency Domain voice scrambler offering a high level
of voice privacy. The DSP converts the analog signal into quantitized digital data. It then converts the “Time
Domain” signal into the “Frequency Domain”. This results in an audio “frequency spectrum”, which is then
partitioned into bins that are encrypted by the non-linear key generator. The digitized data is converted back to
the analog realm using a digital to analog converter.

The above technique and the lack of synchronization result in excellent audio quality, high security and enable the
VS-1XXX to be used in virtually any type of radio system. These systems include HF SSB, Conventional Two­Way, Trunking, Voting and Simulcast.

In addition to the scrambling functions the VS-1200 offers ANI and Emergency ANI encode in the following
formats:

• Motorola’s MDC-1200

• Kenwood’s FleetSync

• M/A-Com’s G-Star (aka GE-Star)

• DTMF

• 5-Tone (all formats)

VS-1000:
Midian’s VS-1000 voice inversion scrambler provides an entry level of voice security for two-way radio

communications. The VS-1000 provides up to 16 different inversion frequencies that are selectable using 4-line
binary. These inversion frequencies are programmable using Midian’s KL-3. The VS-1000 is compatible with
Midian’s VPU series voice inversion scramblers.

VS-1050:
Midian’s VS-1050 is a voice inversion scrambler with multi-format ANI encode. The VS-1050 has the same

scrambling features as the VS-1000, but adds ANI and Emergency ANI encode in the following formats:

• Motorola’s MDC-1200

• Kenwood’s FleetSync

• M/A-Com’s G-Star (aka GE-Star)

• DTMF

• 5-Tone (all formats)

3

INSTALLATION OVERVIEW

1. Test the radio for functionality.

2. Program the radio per the Radio Programming Section of this manual.

3. Install the scrambler into the radio per the Hardware Installation Section of this manual.

4. Program the scrambler per the Product Programming Section of this manual.
Note: Midian is not responsible for any damage/loss resulting from the use of Midian’s products.

RADIO PROGRAMMING

For any programming instructions for a particular radio, please consult Midian’s application notes for the VS-1xxx
series, if available.

4

HARDWARE INSTALLATION

Be certain to follow standard anti-static procedures when handling any of Midian’s products. For installation
instructions into a particular radio, please consult Midian’s application notes for the VS-1XXX, if available.

Before installing the scrambler, follow the alignment procedures starting on page 6.
For all diode protected inputs (i.e. PTT Input, Mode Input, COR Input) the voltage level to be required for a logic

low is less than 0.5 V and a logic high requires at least 2.1 V.

P1 – Connector Side
P1-1 – Green – PTT Input – Connect the PTT Input lead to the high side of the PTT switch.
P1-2 – Red – VIN +4.75-15.5 VDC – Connect to switched battery point in the radio. Connect to a regulated

voltage point in a vehicular radio if engine noise is present on the battery line. Keep this lead as short as possible.
The VS-1000 and VS-1050 support 4.75 to 15.5 VDC. The VS-1200 supports 4.75 to 10 VDC. If a higher voltage
input is needed on the VS-1200 a 4.7 Volt Zener diode must be installed in series with the voltage input lead.

P1-3 – Brown –Mode Select & VS-1200 Code Select – Connect to a momentary or latching switch. If a latching
switch then code select is not available.

P1-4 – Black – Ground – Connect to the nearest ground plane in the radio.
P1-5 – Blue – TX Audio In – The VS-1XXX must be installed in the TX audio path between the microphone and

the insertion point of CTCSS or other tone signaling. Break the TX audio path and connect to the side nearest the
microphone.

P1-6 – Orange – Emergency Input – Future Use.
P1-7 – Yellow – RX Audio In – The VS-1XXX must be installed in the receive audio path after the CTCSS high

pass filter and where any tone signaling is picked off. This point needs to be given a constant level. If possible
connect to the high-side of the volume control where a constant level is available. Connect to the source of the
audio at the break.

P1-8 – Green/White – Au d io En ab l e O ut - This output is active during whenever the VS-1XXX beeps such as when
indicating mode. Connect this lead to a point in the radio, which will turn on the radio’s speaker power amp, allowing beep
tones to be heard.

P1-9 – White – PTT Out – Future Use.
P1-10 – Gray/White – RX Audio Out – Connect to the side closest to the receiver's speaker driver amplifier at the

above mentioned break point (see P1-7). In addition to outputting receive audio, this lead outputs beep tones
whenever applicable, such as when the mode switch is pressed.

P1-11 – Gray - Mode Out – If desired, connect to the cathode of an LED with a 1 K limiting resistor in series
connected to a voltage source up to 15 V. Failure to include a current limiting resistor in series with the LED will
cause damage. This output is used to provide a visual indication of scramble or clear mode. Another application
of this output is to provide a logic level (high or low (0-3.3 V)) to indicate mode to the radio’s mode indication icon
(if applicable).

P1-12 – Orange/White – TX Audio Out – Connect to the point nearest the modulator at the above-mentioned
breakpoint (see P1-5).

P1-13 – Violet – COR Input – Connect to a point in the rad io recei ver sque lch ci rcuit th at c hang es state when carrie r is
present.

5

P2 – Non-Connector Side
P2-1 – Program Input – Connect the green clip lead from the KL-3 programmer to this point or Pad 3.
P2-2 – Program Output – Connect the yellow clip lead from the KL-3 programmer to this point or Pad 4.
P2-3 – Code Select 0 – This line would be connected to Binary Select 1. For 2-line to 4-line binary this would be

the least significant bit (LSB). Note: The VS-1200 can only use 1-line or 2-line binary as it is only capable of 3
codes. The VS-1000 and VS-1050 can support up to 4-linebinary for 16 codes.

P2-4 – Option 1 – Future Use
P2-5 – Code Select 1 – This line would be connected to Binary Select 2. In 2-line binary mode this is the most

significant bit (MSB).
P2-6 – Code Select 2 – This line would be connected to Binary Select 4. In 3-line binary mode this is the most

significant bit (MSB).
P2-7 – Code Select 3 – This line would be connected to Binary Select 8. In 4-line binary mode this is the most

significant bit (MSB).
P2-8 – Monitor/LTR Input – This input is currently available for use as a trunking delay input. Connect this input to

a point in the radio that goes low or high when a channel is acquired. Program the scrambler with the active
polarity. This input only needs to be connected when using leading ANI in the VS-1050 and VS-120 0.

P2-9 – Horn Output – Future Use
P2-10 – Option 2 – Future Use
P2-11 – Optional Input – Future Use

6

HARDWARE ALIGNMENT

This section describes to determine and set the audio levels.

Audio Levels Overview:

To ensure the best audio quality, the scrambler must be configured to match the audio levels used by the radio.
The scrambler uses programmable gain amplifiers to accomplish this. Determining the gain settings for these
amplifiers is an involved process, so Midian simplified this process by developing an algorithm that requires the
technician to make only four voltage measurements. From these four measurements, all of the many internal
settings are determined.

Still, getting the best audio quality will likely require a bit of trial and error. The scrambler only has control of audio
voltage levels, not input and output impedances. These impedances can dramatically influence the levels.

The Four Voltage Measurements:

An oscilloscope and a communications test set/service monitor are required for the measurements. It is
recommended that the measurements be recorded in units of mV peak-to-peak. Each measurement must be
taken with system modulation at either 60% or 100%. Most transmitters will not actually modulate at 100%, so
60% is recommended for TX measurements.

These following measurements should be made before installing the scrambler. Also, the measurement
procedures assume that the audio pickup and insertion points have already been determined by the installer.

A method for controlling transmit modulation is required for accurate measurements in the TX mode. A small
speaker held in place near the microphone by a rubber band can serve this purpose in most cases. Use a sine­wave generator to inject a 1000 Hz tone into the speaker. Adjust the output of the sine wave generator so that the
transmitter produces 60% of rated modulation while PTT is pressed. Note that if the audio source (such as a
speaker) is moved even slightly, the TX modulation may change significantly. Care must be taken to avoid
changing the TX modulation while taking the measurements.

In most wired-in applications, a two-terminal component such as a capacitor must be removed from the radio to
break the audio path. However, the first two measurements must be taken using a radio that has not been
modified. The 2
be taken within 15 seconds of powering the scrambler on. This is because the scrambler may enter power saving
mode after that time. Measurements made while the scrambler is in power saving mode will not be valid. The unit
ships with the power save feature enabled by default. The power save feature can be disabled via the KL-3
programming software so that it will not interfere with taking measurements, if desired.

1. RX Output: The goal of this procedure is to determine the audio level that would normally appear at the RX
audio insertion point in an unmodified radio. Modulate a 1000 Hz tone at either 60% or 100%. Measure the
voltage level appearing on the output side of the component that will be removed to break the RX audio path.

2. TX Output: The goal of this procedure is to determine the audio level that would normally appear at the TX
audio insertion point in an unmodified radio. Provide the radio an audio source generating a 1000 Hz tone and
key the radio. Adjust the audio source such that the modulation is at 60%. Measure the voltage level
appearing on the output side of the component that will be removed to break the
TX audio path.

nd

two measurements require that power be applied to the scrambler. These measurements must

7

3. RX Input: The goal of this procedure is to determine the audio level that the scrambler board will see at the
RX audio pickup point after it is installed. This requires a partial installation of the scrambler, even if only
temporary.

The scrambler must be powered-on while making this measurement, so the power input leads of the
scrambler must be connected to a switched power source within the radio. Also, the component that will need
to be removed to break the RX audio path must be removed. The scrambler board RX input wire must be
connected to the RX audio pickup point. Modulate a 1000 Hz tone at either 60% or 100%. Measure the audio
level at RX audio pickup point.

4. TX Input: The goal of this procedure is to determine the audio level that the scrambler board will see at the
TX audio pickup point after it is installed. This requires a partial installation of the scrambler, even if only
temporary.

The scrambler must be powered-on while making this measurement, so the power input leads of the
scrambler must be connected to a switched power source within the radio. Also, the component that will need
to be removed to break the TX audio path must be removed. The scrambler board TX input wire must be
connected to the TX audio pickup point. Provide the radio an audio source generating a 1000 Hz tone and key
the radio. Adjust the audio source such that the modulation is at 60%. Measure the audio level at the TX
audio pickup point.

Programming The Audio Levels:

After determining the audio levels at the audio hookup points, it will be necessary to program the scrambler to
match these levels. In the programming software, there is a slider control on the Audio Levels Screen for each of
the of four audio hookup points. Locate the column that corresponds to the modulation and units of measurement
for each of the audio hookup points. Adjust the slider bar such that the value appearing in the appropriate column
matches what was measured as closely as possible.

Beep Volume Level:

Adjust the slider for the desired beep volume. This level is expressed as a percentage of max voice audio level.

8

PRODUCT PROGRAMMING

Midian’s VS-1xxx is programmed via Midian’s KL-3 programming cable and software. Please reference the KL-3
manual for setup instructions of the KL-3 software and hardware. From the product selection screen in the KL-3
software, select the VS-1xxx from the list and click OK.

Set the parameters of the VS-1xxx software to fit the application. If any clarifications on a feature are required,
move the mouse cursor over the feature name until the question mark appears and right click, a definition of the
feature will be shown.

After entering the parameters, save the file by going to File - Save As. Enter the file name in the File Name block
and click Save. Saving the file will allow for quick and easy reprogramming of units.

Connect the Black clip lead from the KL-3 to a common ground. Connect the Green clip lead from the KL-3 to P2­1 or Pad 3 of the VS-1xxx. Connect the Yellow clip lead from the KL-3 to P2-2 or Pad 4 of the VS-1xxx. All three
clip leads must be connected for reading and writing.

Turn power on to the VS-1xxx and within 15 seconds select Program Unit or Read Unit in the KL-3 software.
Upon power up the scrambler will be awake for 15 seconds before going into Power Save mode.

After programming or reading the VS-1xxx turn off the scrambler for 3 seconds and then turn back on.
Note: For the VS-1200 the security pass phrases can use any 8-bit ASCII keyboard characters. These include the

characters on a typical English keyboard such as 0-9, A-Z (upper and lower case), *, #, @, $, etc. Spaces are
also allowed. Midian does not recommend using international language character such as ñ, ä, ß, ü, é, etc. as
these have not been tested. Please also note that the pass phrases are case sensitive.

Important Note: Do not attempt to ‘clone’ the scrambler by reading one and then programming another. When
the scrambler is read, the pass phrases will be read out as “<undefined>”. If another scrambler is then cloned
with this information, the scramblers will be incompatible because they have different pass phrases. To ensure
scramblers communicate with each other, program them from a saved file.

9

OPERATION

Mode Select:
Momentary Switch: When using a momentary switch, pressing and then releasing the switch will cause the

scrambler to switch modes. A medium tone followed by a high tone indicates the scrambler has been switched
into scrambled mode. A medium tone followed by a low tone indicates the scrambler has been switched into clear
mode.

Latched Switch: When using a latched switch, pressing the switch will toggle the mode. Depending on the
programmed polarity will determine the mode. For example if the polarity is programmed as low, then the
scrambler will be in scrambled mode when taken to ground.

Code Select:
Momentary Switch: When using a momentary switch, pressing and holding the switch will toggle the scrambler

through the programmed codes (1-3 codes) if programmed. The scrambler will emit a number of tones
corresponding to the code that is being switched to. When the desired code is reached simp ly release the switch.

Latched Switch: Multi-code operation is not available when using a latched switch.
1-Line Binary: If using the binary mode and up to 2 codes are programmed this provides selection of 2 codes

depending on the state of the code select line.
2-Line Binary: If using the binary mode and up to 4 codes are programmed this provides selection of up to 4

codes depending on the state of the code select lines. Note: The VS-1200 only supports up to 3 codes.
3-Line Binary: If using the binary mode and up to 8 codes are programmed this provides selection of up to 8

codes depending on the state of the code select lines. Note: Only the VS-1000 and the VS-1050 support 3-line
binary.

4-Line Binary: If using the binary mode and up to 16 codes are programmed this provides selection of up to 16
codes depending on the state of the code select lines. Note: Only the VS-1000 and the VS-1050 support 4-line
binary.

ANI Operation:
Transmitting ANI: When the PTT Input is pressed and/or released the VS-1200 or VS-1050 will key the radio

and transmit the programmed ANI.
Transmitting Emergency ANI: When the Emergency Input is taken high or low (depending on programming) the

VS-1200 or VS-1050 will key the radio and transmit the programmed ENI for the programmed number of times.

10

TECHNICAL NOTES

Radio Compatibility: Midian has taken the utmost care to ensure the option board integrates into the radio with

minimal impact to the features of the radio. However, some features may not be available in the radio when an
option board is used. If a feature is not available, please contact Midian to see if the feature can be added.

Power Save: In order to limit the impact the scrambler has on the battery life, Midian has implemented a power
save function in the VS-1XXX. When in power save mode, 2 of 3 actions can bring the unit out of power save.
These are PTT/COR or PTT/VOX.

PTT: When the PTT input of the VS-1XXX is activated the unit will come out of power save mode.
COR: When the COR Input sees activity on the channel the VS-1XXX will come out of power save mode.

Using the COR power save function is preferred over VOX power save. If using the COR detect, then the
VOX detect is not available.

VOX: When the scrambler sees voice on the channel the VS-1XXX will come out of power save mode. If
using the VOX detect, then the COR detect is not available.

Once the unit has come out of power save mode, the Standby Time determines the amount of time the unit will
wait until it goes back into power save mode.

11

Midian Electronics Inc.

2302 East 22

nd

Street

Tucson, Arizona 85713 USA

Orders: 1-800-MIDIANS
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
Web: www.midians.com

MIDIAN CONTACT INFORMATION

12

1

A A

+3.3V

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TX_IN

RX_IN

PTT IN

P1-6

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DATE:

DESIGN:

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SERIAL PROGR.

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44

MIDIAN ELECTRONICS, INC.

CJS

2007-03-01

4

DWN BY:

2009-10-20

REV:

GPC

APPR

5

+3.3V

Q2
BSS

+3.3VA

30

C31
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COPYRIGHT © 2009

5

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TMS
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R26

1K

R25

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NOTES:

* = NOT INSTALLED

VS-1000/VS1050
WIRED

SCHEMATIC

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SHEET PROJECT NUMBER

1 of 1

6

PROG_IN

PROG_OUT

OPTION1_OUT

OPTION2_OUT

HORN

MODE/CALL

AUDIO_ENABLE

PTT_OUT

TX_OUT

RX_OUT

DOCUMENT NAME

cs7359b8-vs10wire

7359

- This page intentionally left blank -

1

A A

+3.3V

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TX_IN

RX_IN

PTT IN

P1-6

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R11

10K 1%

C14
100p

C17

*

R18

56K

10K

9

-

8

U7:3

10

+

R12

10K 1%

+3.3V

411

13

-

U7:4

12

+

VAN

R19
75K

VAN

R21
36K

7

C18

.001u

R9

10K

6

-

U7:2

5

+

37

8

27

28

24

43

36

18
49

46

47

20

45

41 6

44

+3.3V

5

3

Y0

U5

14

1

Y1

2

R20

1.2M

3

+

U7:1

2

-

+3.3V

.1u

161342

U1

1

2

40

39

6

S

VDD

4

Z

C44
39p

GND

1

DATE:

DESIGN:

3

4

C40

2.2u

31
30
32
33

14
15
10
12
5
23
26
25

29

19

17

35

7

22

21

34

48

38

+3.3V

2 5

163

VAN

(SOURCE)

R31
47K

IN SYSTEM

SERIAL PROGR.

P3-2

P3-1

Y1

748

1
2
5
6

C45

.01u

.1uC25

U4

C19
560p

P3-3

R28

3.3K

R24

3.3K

C21
.01u

P3-4

R17

U6

*

*

C39
100p

C38
12p

16

15

12

11

20

46

P3-5

3

C20

2.2u

+3.3V

+3.3V

+3.3V+3.3V

8
7
3
4

C46
.1u

+3.3VDD

33

21

R23

R22

*

51434

U3

3231131045

+3.3V

*

10uC36

10uC35

.1uC34

.1uC33

44

MIDIAN ELECTRONICS, INC.

CJS

2007-03-01

4

DWN BY:

2009-10-20

REV:

GPC

APPR

5

+3.3V

Q2
BSS

+3.3VA

30

C31
.1u

29

26

27

28

43

17

39
40
41
42
2

COPYRIGHT © 2009

5

4.7KR30

Q3
BSS

100KR34

C37

L1

560p

0R

C32
10u

.1uC30

.1uC29

.1uC28

2.2uC27

2.2uC26

TCK
TMS
TDI
TDO
RST
GND

R26

1K

R25

1K

NOTES:

* = NOT INSTALLED

VS-1200
WIRED

SCHEMATIC

Q1
BSS

C23
.1u

C22
.1u

+3.3V

6

P2-1

PAD3

P2-2

PAD4

P2-4

P2-10

P2-9

R29

*

P1-11

Q5
BSS

Q4
BSS

P1-8

P1-9

Q6

C43

BSS

560p

P1-12

C24
220p

P1-10

REV

B8

SHEET PROJECT NUMBER

1 of 1

6

PROG_IN

PROG_OUT

OPTION1_OUT

OPTION2_OUT

HORN

MODE/CALL

AUDIO_ENABLE

PTT_OUT

TX_OUT

RX_OUT

DOCUMENT NAME

cs7359b8-vs12wire

7359

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