NetFRAME 4400R
Product Guide
P/N MAS001589-01, 04/20/2000, BGJ
Trademarks and Copyright
NetFRAME 4400R
2
Trademarks and Copyright
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Micron
Electronics Inc. makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material,
including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness
for a particular purpose.
Micron shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for any damages, whether
incidental, direct, special, or consequential, in connection with the furnishing,
performance, or use of this material or the use or inability to use the product even
if advised of the possibility of such damages. Micron assumes no responsibility for
the use or reliability of its software on equipment that is not furnished by Micron.
While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of this manual,
the manufacturer and distributor assume no liability resulting from errors or
omissions in this manual, or from the use of the information contained herein.
This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright. All
rights are reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or
translated to another language without the prior written consent of:
Micron Electronics Inc.
900 E. Karcher Road
Nampa, Idaho 83687
Printed in the United States. Copyright © 2000, Micron Electronics, Inc. All rights
reserved. The Micron logo and the product name are trademarks of Micron
Electronics, Inc.
Pentium is a registered trademark, and MMX is a trademark of Intel Corporation.
Microsoft, MS-DOS, and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation. VESA is a registered trademark of the Video Electronics Standards
Association.
All other brand or product names appearing in this publication are used for
identification purposes only and may be trademarks or registered trademarks of
their respective companies.
Limitation of Liability
While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of this manual,
the manufacturer and distributor assume no liability resulting from errors or
omissions in this manual, or from the use of the information contained herein.
Table of Contents
3
Table of Contents
Trademarks and Copyright ................................................... 2
Limitation of Liability......................................................... 2
Table of Contents.................................................................. 3
Welcome................................................................................. 5
Manual Conventions.............................................................. 5
Manual Comments................................................................. 6
The micronpc.com NetFRAME 4400R .................. 7
Chapter 1 - Getting Started ............................................... 9
The NF4400R.......................................................................... 9
Packaging....................................................................... 10
Heat, Cold, and Humidity ............................................... 11
Surge Suppressors......................................................... 11
Operating Environment....................................................... 12
Chapter 2 - System Features .......................................... 13
Major Components .............................................................. 14
Processors ..................................................................... 14
System Memory ............................................................. 14
Battery Powered Real Time Clock.................................. 14
System Buses ................................................................ 15
IDE Drive Interface......................................................... 15
Floppy Drive Interface .................................................... 15
10/100 Base-T Ethernet ................................................. 15
USB ................................................................................ 15
Serial and Parallel Ports................................................. 15
Keyboard, Mouse, and VGA Port ................................... 15
Video .............................................................................. 16
Power Supply ................................................................. 16
System Specifications ........................................................ 17
Processors ..................................................................... 17
BIOS............................................................................... 17
Memory .......................................................................... 17
On-Board Chips and Controllers.................................... 17
System Buses ................................................................ 17
Disk Drives ..................................................................... 18
Management .................................................................. 18
Power Supply................................................................. 18
Power Supply Voltage Outputs ...................................... 18
Chassis Features ........................................................... 19
Control Panel Display..................................................... 20
KVM Adapters ................................................................ 20
Physical Dimensions...................................................... 20
Chapter 3 - Connectors and Indicators .......................... 21
Front and Rear Panel Connectors ..................................... 21
Front Panel Connectors ................................................. 21
Rear Panel Connectors.................................................. 22
Chapter 4 - Installation..................................................... 23
Preparation .......................................................................... 23
Tools Required............................................................... 24
Location.......................................................................... 24
Unpacking ...................................................................... 24
Installing the NF4400R........................................................ 25
Installing the NF4400R in a Stack.................................. 25
Installing the NF4400R into a Rack Enclosure............... 26
Making Connections ........................................................... 28
CMBus KVM Adapter..................................................... 29
Connecting the VGA Terminator.................................... 29
The Administrative Unit.................................................. 29
Connecting the Power, Ethernet, and KVM Cables ....... 30
Chapter 5 - Starting a New NF4400R for the First Time 33
Start Up Modes.................................................................... 33
The Polling Process ....................................................... 34
Obtaining Console Connection ...................................... 34
Booting Windows NT...................................................... 35
Turning on the First NF4400R ............................................ 36
Table of Contents
4
Removing and Replacing a NF4400R From a Group........ 37
Disconnecting and Removing a NF4400R...................... 37
Replacing an NF4400R .................................................. 38
Detailed System Information .................................. 39
Chapter 6 - Chassis and Mainboard Layout................... 41
Major Components Layout.................................................. 41
Mainboard Chip and Connector ........................................ 42
Chips and Chipset Descriptions...................................... 44
Chapter 7 - Connectors and Headers ............................. 45
CMOS Battery Holders BT1 and BT2............................. 45
CPU Connectors CN1 and CN2 ..................................... 45
DIMM Sockets CN4 - CN7.............................................. 45
IDE 44-Pin Secondary Port CN9 .................................... 46
USB Stacked Connectors CN10..................................... 46
Floppy Disk Connector CN11......................................... 46
Ethernet Connectors CN12 ............................................ 47
CMBus Console Connectors CN13 and CN14............... 47
PCI Connectors CN17 and CN18................................... 48
Serial Port Connectors CN23 and CN28 ........................ 49
VRM Header CN24......................................................... 49
Power Connector CN25.................................................. 50
Parallel Port Header CN26............................................. 51
Display Panel Connector CN27...................................... 51
IDE 40-Pin Primary Port CN48....................................... 52
CMBus KVM Adapter........................................................... 53
PS/2 Keyboard/Mouse Connector Ports......................... 53
VGA Port ........................................................................ 54
CMBus Access Connector.............................................. 54
Chapter 8 - Hardware Configuration and Power-Up...... 55
Flash Update Selection JP2 and JP3 ............................. 55
CPU Fan Power JP7 and JP8 ........................................ 55
SMI Selection JP9 .......................................................... 55
External Flash Programmer JP11................................... 56
HDD Power JP12 - JP15 ................................................ 56
Chassis Fan Power JP16 - JP20.................................... 56
Temperature Sensors JP23 and JP24 ........................... 56
System RESET Connector JP25.................................... 57
Maintenance Processor Reset Connector JP29 ............ 57
Bus Frequency Ratio Switch SW1 ................................. 58
APPENDIXES.......................................................... 59
Chapter 9 - Appendix A - Personal Inventory................ 61
Personal Inventory ......................................................... 61
Chapter 10 - Appendix B - micronpc.com support ....... 63
Important Product Shipment Information ......................... 63
Problem Solving .................................................................. 63
Customer Service........................................................... 64
Obtaining Account Information ....................................... 64
Obtaining Order Status................................................... 64
For Information Regarding Refunds and Returns .......... 64
Contacting Micron Electronics, Inc. .................................. 64
Technical Support and Customer Service...................... 64
E-mail Addresses ........................................................... 65
Chapter 11 - Appendix C - Regulatory Information ...... 67
Environmental Specifications ............................................ 67
Safety Compliance ......................................................... 67
FCC Information .................................................................. 68
FCC Notice..................................................................... 68
CE Declaration of Conformity ............................................ 70
Chapter 12 - Appendix D - Safety Guidelines................ 71
General Safety Instructions................................................ 71
Earth Ground.................................................................. 72
Chapter 13 - Abbreviations ............................................. 73
Chapter 14 - Glossary...................................................... 77
Chapter 15 - Index............................................................ 87
Welcome
5
Welcome
This manual contains information to instruct and guide you on the setup and
maintenance of your new server. Our goal with this manual is to help you enjoy all
of the features that the NF4400R offers and to help you operate and setup the
server for optimal performance.
We recommend that, along with this manual, you consult and read all manuals
and documentation included with all software and hardware used with this server.
Manual Conventions
The following conventions are used throughout this manual:
N
OTE
:
Notes: Important information and useful tips concerning the operation of your
computer.
C
AUTION
:
Caution: Failure to follow directions could result in loss of data or damage
to equipment. Failure to heed these warnings could negate the user
warranty.
W
ARNING
:
Warning: Failure to follow directions will result in loss of data or damage to
equipment, and/or could result in physical harm. Failure to heed these
warnings could negate the user warranty.
Special Text
The text is formatted to set off unique information or instructions. Review the
following examples of special text used throughout this manual:
•
Screen (window) names, functions, or anything that appears on the screen
is formatted in bold: Click OK, the
Standards
screen, the
Edit
menu.
•
Keyboard functions are indicated by brackets: Press [Enter], use the [Alt]
key. When keys should be held down simultaneously they are separated by
the + sign: Press [Ctrl+Alt+Delete].
•
Screen messages are indicated by quotes: the message “Enter your
username and password” will appear.
•
Anything that you need to type in should appear in italics: Enter the word
password
.
Manual Comments
6
Manual Comments
We want to make this guide as useful as possible and welcome your comments.
Please provide the page and the manual part number (MAS001589-01) when you
send comments to: manuals@micronpc.com.
Refer to “Appendix A - Personal Inventory” on page 61 to keep track of the
individual details about your purchase and your system. Use this for future
reference.
Refer to “Contacting Micron Electronics, Inc.” on page 64 for contact information.
7
Section 1 - The micronpc.com NetFRAME 4400R
Chapter 1 - Getting Started ....................................................... 9
Chapter 2 - System Features ..................................................13
Chapter 3 - Connectors and Indicators .................................21
Chapter 4 - Installation ............................................................ 23
Manual Comments
8
The NF4400R
Getting Started
9
Chapter 1 - Getting Started
Thank you for purchasing a micronpc.com Series Server! micronpc.com is proud
to be your provider of high performance, quality server products.
This section lists the special features of the server and available options. It
describes the parts shipped to you and provides basic installation guidelines to
get you started.
The NF4400R
Figure 1. Front view of five stacked NF4400Rs
The NF4400R
Getting Started
10
Packaging
The server comes securely packaged in a sturdy shipping carton. Upon receiving
your server, open the box and carefully remove the contents. If anything is
missing or damaged, please contact micronpc.com immediately. See “Contacting
Micron Electronics, Inc.” on page 64.
Check for the following items:
•
The NF4400R Server
•
External 10-inch System Connector cable
•
An AC power cord
•
Operating System Software, if ordered, and the Micron Customer Resource
Center (MCRC) CD
•
Product Guide (this manual)
N
OTE
:
Items included may vary. Please check the packing slip included with your server
for the exact items you should have received.
N
OTE
:
If your server arrives in cold weather, do not apply power to it or the monitor until
they have reached room temperature.
The NF4400R
Getting Started
11
Heat, Cold, and Humidity
Find a spot for your server that is not too hot, too cold, or too damp. Overheating
can destroy computer components, so allow plenty of room for air to circulate
around the case. The server will generally run well wherever you are comfortable.
Refer to “Appendix C - Regulatory Information” on page 67 for the optimum
operating environment.
W
ARNING
:
Do NOT expose the server to extreme cold or extreme heat, do not drop it,
or spill fluids into the case, this can destroy the server and void the
warranty.
Surge Suppressors
We strongly recommend using a high-quality, external surge suppressor. It could
shield your server from lightning strikes, surges, shorts, and other electrical
hazards. Refer to a surge suppressor manufacturer for complete information.
C
AUTION
:
The best kind of back-up power source to connect your server to is an
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS). The UPS should be connected to an
AC Generator. The UPS will allow sufficient time to transfer power sources
and prevent Network failure. Do not use inferior extension cords as this may
result in damage to your server. Damage to the server that is directly
caused by using a different power source will not be covered under
warranty.
Operating Environment
Getting Started
12
Operating Environment
You can setup the server under a wide range of environmental conditions.
However, to ensure long use and continued high performance, consider the
following factors when setting up your server:
•
Set the server on a flat, stable surface. To prevent damage to the hard disk
drive, avoid using the server where it will be exposed to strong vibration.
•
Place the server away from electromagnetic pulses (EMP) or radio
frequency (RF) interference (for example: television sets, stereo sets,
copying machines, and air conditioners).
•
Avoid using or storing the server where it will be exposed to extreme
temperatures. In particular, do not leave the server in direct sunlight, over a
radiator, or near a heat source for any period of time. High temperatures
can damage the circuitry.
•
Avoid exposing the server to high or low humidity. Extreme humidity can
contribute to hard disk drive failure.
•
Do not place the server where people can step on or trip over the power
cord.
•
The openings on the server are provided to protect the server from
overheating. To ensure reliable operation, leave about 10 cm (4 inches)
around the server for unobstructed air circulation. Avoid exposing the
server to dust or smoke.
Operating Environment
System Features
13
Chapter 2 - System Features
The NF4400R is an enterprise-class network appliance in a 1.75-inch (1U) rackmountable box. It is designed for high-volume web transaction processing and will
support large web hosting facilities, large enterprise web sites, and large
electronic commerce sites.
The list below summarizes the main features of a NF4400R:
•
Size
: NF4400Rs are small and powerful. With single or dual Intel Pentium
III processors and Microsoft’s Internet Information Server (IIS) software,
the NF4400R is one of the most powerful servers of its kind. It is a very
compact package that requires only 1.75 inches (1U) of space in a
standard rack.
•
Manageability
: Network managers can power the NF4400R up or down,
load or change web content, and put it on or off line by using a simple webbrowser interface. This requires specific optional management software
and configuration.
•
Scalability
: Up to 30 NF4400Rs can easily be connected in a single group.
A group is a number of interconnected servers in which a single KVM
setup, along with the appropriate software, allows access to each servers
environmental and performance information.
•
Reliability
: NF4400R groups have an extremely high level of reliability. An
N+1 group configuration can provide full failover protection.
•
Remote Management
: All elements of the NF4400R group are managed
through specific management software commands. This software provides
an easy-to-use administrative interface. By using a browser, any NF4400R
can be controlled through this interface no matter where it is located.
Major Components
System Features
14
Major Components
This section describes the major components of the NF4400R.
Processors
The NF4400R supports one or two Intel® Pentium® III processors.
System Memory
The NF4400R supports up to 2 GB of ECC SDRAM mounted in four 72-bit (168pin) DIMM sockets. The NF4400R will support 64 MB, 128 MB, 256 MB, and 512
MB DIMMS at 100 MHz.
In addition to main system memory, the NF4400R has on-board 2 megabit nonvolatile CMOS Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), with
boot-block FLASH. The B69000 video accelerator provides 2 MB of Video RAM.
Battery Powered Real Time Clock
A lithium battery provides power and backup for a real time clock and memory that
stores time, date, and system configuration data. The battery has a projected life
of 5-7 years under normal operating conditions.
W
ARNING
:
Components inside the NF4400R produce hazardous voltages. Do NOT turn
power to the NF4400R ON with the cover removed.
Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the
same or equivalent type recommended by the equipment manufacturer.
Discard used batteries according to manufacturer’s instructions.
A
DVARSEL
!:
Lithiumbatteri - Eksplosionsfare ved fejlagtig håndtering. Udskiftning må
kun ske med batteri af samme fabrikat og type. Levér det brugte batteri
tilbage til leverandøren.
A
DVARSEL
:
Lithiumbatteri - Eksplosjonsfare. Ved utskifting benyttes kun batteri som
anbefalt av apparatfabrikanten. Brukt batteri returneres
apparatleverandøren.
V
ARNING
:
Explosionsfara vid felaktigt batteribyte. Använd samma batterityp eller en
ekvivalent typ som rekommenderas av apparattillverkaren. Kassera använt
batteri enligt fabrikantens instruktion.
V
AROITUS
:
Paristo voi räjähtää, jos se on virheellisesti asennettu. Vaihda paristo
ainoastaan laitevalmistajan suosittelemaan tyyppiin. Hävitä käytetty paristo
valmistajan ohjeiden mukaisesti.
Major Components
System Features
15
System Buses
The PIIX4E component of Intel’s 440GX+ chipset provides IDE and PCI bus
capability in the NF4400R chassis. The PCI bus is fully PICMG compatible. A
Digital Semiconductor 21152 PCI-to-PCI Bridge Chip enables the bus to support
up to four PCI slots. The bus clock runs at 30 or 33 MHz depending on the
Pentium III processor speed. The NF4400R supports PCI transfer speeds up to
132 megabytes per second.
IDE Drive Interface
The NF4400R has both a 40-pin primary and a 44-pin secondary IDE drive
interface. Each interface is internal and supports a master and a slave IDE or
EIDE device. Each channel supports bus mastering, PIO mode 4, and UDMA
mode 2.
The secondary IDE interface supplies power through the ribbon cable; this
connection is used by an optional CD-ROM drive. When installed, the CD-ROM
drive is accessible through the front panel.
Floppy Drive Interface
This is an option intended for maintenance purposes only. An internal 34-pin
header provides support for 1.4 MB or 2.8 MB floppy drives. Up to two drives may
be attached to this interface when the chassis cover is removed. There is no
external floppy drive and no provision for mounting a floppy drive in the chassis.
10/100 Base-T Ethernet
Support for dual 10/100 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair is provided by two Intel
82559-based 32-bit PCI LAN integrated NICs.
USB
USB is not currently supported by the Windows NT 4.0 operating system.
Serial and Parallel Ports
Two external RS-232C serial ports are provided. The external connectors are
cabled to the two internal serial headers. An internal 26-pin header provides an
interface for a standard parallel port. There is no external DB-25 connector
provided on the NF4400R. The interface is bi-directional and supports ECP/EPP
high-speed parallel transport.
Keyboard, Mouse, and VGA Port
For local control, the NF4400R provides an optional keyboard, video, mouse
(KVM) Adapter to connect PS/2 compatible keyboard, mouse, and VGA monitor
to the external CMBus port.
N
OTE
:
Some Operating Software (OS) license agreements do not allow local console
operations. Please review the license agreement for your OS.
Major Components
System Features
16
Video
The NF4400R uses Chips and Technology’s B69000 Video Chip to provide HiQ
Video accelerated video/graphics capability. This chip has a 2 MB integrated
SDRAM graphics/video frame buffer; it supports 2D acceleration in all graphics
modes up to 1280x1024, all color depths up to 32-bit color, raster speeds up to 83
MHz, and real-time video acceleration.
The B69000 also has independent multimedia capture and display systems that
can receive data from the frame AGP bus in either RGB or YUV (native video)
format. Other multimedia support includes full frame-rate video capture and
playback for MPEG1, MPEG2, V-CD, and DVD, and Image Mirroring and rotation
for camera support. The NF4400R does not support digital (i.e., flat panel) output.
Power Supply
The NF4400R uses a 150 Watt universal input, 90-264 VAC switcher that delivers
up to 150 W of continuous VAC power or 180 W peak power. The power supply
meets FCC and VDE Class A EMI filter requirements and is UL, CSA and TUV
approved.
System Specifications
System Features
17
System Specifications
Processors
Two Slot 1 connectors support one or two Intel Pentium III processors.
BIOS
2 megabit AMI Server 98 flash BIOS, customized, Plug ‘n Play, PC98, and Year
2000 compliant.
Memory
Four DIMM sockets support up to 2 GB PC100 compliant SDRAM, 66/100 MHz
Front Side Bus, 2 megabit EPROM, boot block FLASH, 2 MB Video RAM.
On-Board Chips and Controllers
•
ATMEL AT29C020 Flash Memory with custom AMI BIOS.
•
Chips & Technology 69000 HiQ Video controller.
•
Intel 440GX+ AGPset PCI Controllers.
•
Intel 82559 Ethernet Controllers (2).
•
ITE IT8671F Super I/O.
•
ITE IT8687R I/O buffer.
•
Maxim MAX1617 remote/local temperature sensor (4).
•
ST Micro ST72251 8-bit Environmental Monitor (2).
System Buses
•
Dual IDE channels with PCI bus mastering mode, PIO mode 4 or UDMA
mode 2; internal primary 40-pin and secondary 44-pin headers.
•
Two internal PCI slots, support one full-length and one half-length card in
single-height mode.
•
Dual-on-board Ethernet ports, auto-sensing 10/100 Mbps with external RJ45 connectors.
•
Dual stacked 4-pin USB connectors.
•
Single high-speed, bi-directional, ECP/EPP parallel port; internal 26-pin
header. This is not externally accessible and is normally disabled in BIOS
setup.
•
Two internal RS-232C 10-pin header serial ports, both cabled to external
DB-9 connectors.
•
Two external CMBus Console connectors.
System Specifications
System Features
18
Disk Drives
•
Up to two internally mounted SCSI or EIDE HDD drives.
•
Optional EIDE CD-ROM Drive: TEAC or equivalent, 24 X or faster,
mounted in chassis, front-panel accessible.
•
Internal connector for one or two temporary floppy drives; supports 360 Kb,
720 Kb, 1.2 MB, 1.4 MB, or 2.88 MB. This is normally disabled in BIOS
setup. There is no provision for permanently mounted floppy drive.
Management
•
Wired for Management (WfM) Baseline 2.0.
•
Remote execution boot environment support (PXE).
•
On board optical chassis intrusion detector (implementation date to be
determined).
Power Supply
One 150 W, 90-264 VAC auto-ranging voltage input power supply standard, with
remote reset and power on/off capability.
Power Supply Voltage Outputs
1 At least 20% output required to maintain regulation.
2 Forced-air cooling.
3 Peak output for 30 seconds, max.
TABLE 1. Voltage Outputs
Volts
Min
1
Max
2
Peak
3
+5VDC 3A 20A 20A
-12VDC 0A 1A 1A
+12VDC 1A 8A 10A
System Specifications
System Features
19
Chassis Features
•
Five cooling fans, each rated at 10 CFM; 4 on chassis front, one on power
supply; custom heat sink/fan assembly on each CPU.
•
Six layer, continuous ground plane mainboard with split multiple power
planes.
•
Ethernet Link and Speed LEDs for both LAN1 and LAN2 on rear panel,
Activity LEDs for LAN1 and LAN2 on front panel.
•
Two 3.0 V Lithium Batteries to power CMOS (with time-of-day clock) and
chassis intrusion detection (Implementation date to be determined).
•
Internal piezo speaker.
20
Control Panel Display
The
Select
button enables console connection and causes all other NF4400Rs in
a group to release console connections. In soft power mode (only maintenance
section is powered on), switches board to full power mode (processors and all
options powered on).
•
Recessed
Reset
button
•
Eight LEDs, from left to right:
KVM Adapters
•
PS/2-compatible mouse port, 6-pin mini-DIN connector
•
PS/2-style keyboard port, 6-pin mini-DIN connector
•
VGA port, standard DB15 connector
•
4-Pin I
2
C bus test connector
Physical Dimensions
TABLE 2. Control Panel Display LEDs
Power
Green Full power
LAN1
Amber Activity
LAN2
Amber Activity
Network
Amber Activity
HDD
Green Activity
WatchDog
Blinking Green
Steady Green
Normal
Failure
Temp
Red Overtemp
Select
Steady Green
Blinking Green
Selected
Soft power
TABLE 3. Physical Dimensions
Case Dimensions Weight
a
a. Depends on Configuration
1U 1.75-inches High
24-inches Long
17-inches Wide (19-inches with mounting bracket)
22.5lbs
Front and Rear Panel Connectors
Connectors and Indicators
21
Chapter 3 - Connectors and Indicators
This chapter describes the NF4400R front and rear panel connectors and LEDs.
Front and Rear Panel Connectors
This section describes, in detail, all connections located on the front and rear
panels of the NF4400R.
Front Panel Connectors
Figure 2. Front Panel LEDs
Reset
Reset:
Performs a standard PC Reset, causing the system to reboot.
Power:
Illuminates when the chassis power is switched on. The
system board has AC power and the CPU(s) have DC power.
LAN1:
Indicates Ethernet activity on LAN1 when illuminated.
LAN2:
Indicates Ethernet activity on LAN2 when illuminated.
Network:
Indicates Network activity when illuminated.
HDD:
Indicates activity on Hard Disk Drive(s) when illuminated.
Front and Rear Panel Connectors
Connectors and Indicators
22
Rear Panel Connectors
Figure 3. Rear Panel
WatchDog:
Blinks to indicate normal activity.
Temperature:
Illuminates to indicate over-temperature (ALARM)
condition.
Console:
Illuminates to indicate this chassis is connected to the
console. Blinks to indicate that the board has power but the
CPU(s) do not have power.
Select Select:
When in Soft-Power mode press the
Select
button once
to apply power to the chassis. Press
Select
a second time to
connect the unit to the Console Adapter. See “Start Up Modes” on
page 33.
Preparation
Installation
23
Chapter 4 - Installation
This chapter explains how to unpack, inspect, install, and connect the NF4400R. It
is divided into the following sections:
Preparation
Installation (in a stack or a rack)
Connecting
Powering up
Adding or Replacing
Preparation
Before you begin, you should make sure that the installation site has been
properly prepared. You should carefully consider the following safety precautions
when you install a NF4400R:
1. Do not block any cooling vents or restrict the airflow through or around the
NF4400R chassis.
2. Make sure that each rack you intend to use is securely mounted in place.
3. It is imperative to determine that the overall loading for each branch circuit
does not exceed the rated Voltage and Watt capacity when you install multiple
units in a rack.
4. Each rack requires a separate and reliable ground connection.
The NF4400Rs are shipped fully assembled with all components installed and
configured, and with internal cables connected. A power cable is included with
each NF4400R. A KVM Adapter and cable may be included with your shipment.
Please verify the contents with the packing list or shipping invoice.
Preparation
Installation
24
Tools Required
To mount the NF4400R rack rails, you will need a #2 Phillips screwdriver. You
may also need a small flathead screwdriver to secure the monitor connector.
Location
The NF4400R should be located in or near the following:
•
Controlled environments that meet micronpc.com specifications for
ambient temperature and humidity. Refer to “Appendix C - Regulatory
Information” on page 67.
•
Areas with adequate support or floor loading capacity to support the current
installation and future expansion.
•
AC outlets for each NF4400R and one for a monitor.
•
An optional Grounding Busbar assembly is available for purchase
separately if individual earth-ground connection is desired for each
NF4400R.
•
Ethernet hubs or individual jacks (10/100 Base T cables cannot be longer
than 100 meters).
Unpacking
Check the packing list provided to verify that you received all the equipment,
software, and manuals required.
If you have not received every item on the list, contact micronpc.com Customer
Support. See “Contacting Micron Electronics, Inc.” on page 64.
We suggest you make copies of the packing slips and file the originals with your
records. Keep the copies in a binder with this manual for future reference.
Remove all the protective coverings used for shipping and uncoil any cables.
N
OTE
:
Ensure there is no damage to the chassis or rack enclosures. Inspect the exterior
of each chassis and rack enclosure for scratches, dents, or other signs of physical
damage. Please report any discrepancies to micronpc.com immediately.
Installing the NF4400R
Installation
25
Installing the NF4400R
The NF4400R can be installed as a single unit or multiple units can be stacked or
placed in a rack.
Installing the NF4400R in a Stack
The NF4400R is provided with rubber feet designed to facilitate stacking. As many
as six NF4400Rs can be stacked and stored on an appropriate surface.
C
AUTION
:
Do NOT place more than six NF4400Rs in a single stack to avoid crushing
the bottom most unit.
W
ARNINGS
:
Six NF4400Rs could weigh as much as 150 lbs. To prevent personal injury,
you should disassemble the stack before lifting or moving any of the
NF4400Rs.
To prevent damage to the bottom NF4400R, ensure the units are vertically
aligned.
1. Attach the rubber feet to the bottom of each corner of the first NF4400R and
position it on a flat and stable surface.
2. Position the second NF4400R on top of the first. There should be a small
space between each unit in a stack. The rubber feet will ensure proper
spacing.
Figure 4. Front view of stacked NF4400Rs
Installing the NF4400R
Installation
26
Installing the NF4400R into a
Rack Enclosure
This section explains how to mount the NF4400Rs into a 19-inch rack using
standard 1U rails.
1. Separate the rack mounts, chassis mounts, and sliders for each pair of rails.
Figure 5. Screw placement for rack enclosure
2. Fasten each rack mount to the paired holes in the rack enclosure using the
hardware provided with the rails.
3. Attach a chassis mount to each side of the NF4400R using the two pan-head
#10-32 screws that came installed on each side of the system.
Installing the NF4400R
Installation
27
Figure 6. NF4400R rackmount enclosure screw locations
N
OTE
:
On both sides of the NF4400R the screws attach to PEM nuts attached to the
NF4400R chassis. It is important to tighten both screws when you attach each rail.
4. Insert the two rail sliders into the rack mounts.
5. Insert the chassis rails into the sliders and push the unit all the way in.
6. Use the remaining rail hardware to fasten the chassis locks to the rack
enclosure.
Making Connections
Installation
28
Making Connections
This section explains how to connect a single independent unit or multiple
NF4400Rs. You will need the following peripheral equipment:
•
A color monitor (VGA or SVGA)
•
A PS/2-style keyboard
•
A PS/2-style mouse
•
KVM adapter
•
Video Terminator
You can connect the peripherals to a single KVM Adapter. One set of peripherals
can be shared by all the NF4400Rs in a group. For each group of four or more
servers, add one KVM adapter with a video terminator attached to it at the end of
the group. This will help minimize video signal loss. Refer to Figure 9 “Connecting
the VGA Terminator” on page 31 for the proper multiple server connection.
Making Connections
Installation
29
CMBus KVM Adapter
The KVM Adapter allows one set of peripherals to be used for multiple servers.
Typically, the adapter is connected to the top NF4400R in the group.
Figure 7. CMBus KVM Adapter
Connecting the VGA Terminator
When the Administration unit is installed at the top of a group with four or more
servers, the VGA Terminator is connected to the KVM Adapter connected to the
bottom NF4400R. Refer to Figure 9 “Connecting the VGA Terminator” on page
31.
The Administrative Unit
The administrative unit in a group of NF4400Rs is the first unit in the group. All
management software is normally installed on the administrative unit. The server
with the KVM adapter attached to it is the administrative unit.
Making Connections
Installation
30
Connecting the Power,
Ethernet, and KVM Cables
Figure 8 illustrates a stack of three NF4400Rs with the administration unit on the
top.
Figure 8. Connecting the Power, Ethernet, and KVM Cables
Making Connections
Installation
31
Figure 9 illustrates the use of a second KVM adapter and a VGA terminator.
Figure 9. Connecting the VGA Terminator
32
1. Use the CMBus cables provided to connect the servers. Cross over the ports
as shown in Figure 9 on page 31.
2. Connect Ethernet cables to Port 2 (the top port) of each unit. Refer to Figure 9
on page 31.
3. Connect the administration Ethernet cable (if used) to Port 1 of the
administrative unit (the bottom port).
4. Connect the KVM Adapter to a CMBus connector and then connect the CMBus
cable to the rear of the chassis. If four or more servers are in the group, then
connect a second KVM Adapter to the opposite end of the group and connect a
VGA terminator to the KVM adapter.
5. Connect the keyboard, mouse, and monitor to the KVM Adapter.
6. Plug the monitor power cord into a grounded AC power outlet.
7. Connect the power cables to individual, grounded, power outlets.
Start Up Modes
Starting a New NF4400R for the First Time
33
Chapter 5 - Starting a New NF4400R for the First
Time
This section provides the process for applying power and booting Windows NT to
a single and/or group of NF4400Rs. It also explains how to remove and replace a
NF4400R.
N
OTE
:
Do not apply power to the NF4400Rs until after you have finished reading “The
Polling Process” on page 34 and “Booting Windows NT” on page 35.
Start Up Modes
The default startup mode, Soft Start Mode, is programmed at the factory and
cannot be changed in the current configuration. The following bullets explain the
differences of these modes.
Soft Start Mode (default). In this mode turning on a NF4400R requires two
steps with a 15 second delay between the two steps. First, the AC power
switch must be switched on to apply AC power to the board.
Second,(after 15 seconds) the
Select
button must be pressed to apply
DC power to the CPU(s).
Hard Start Mode (not currently available). In this mode turning on a
NF4400R requires only one step. The AC power switch must be turned on
to apply AC power to the board and, at the same time, DC power to the
CPU(s).
N
OTE
:
Both Modes. The first NF4400R you turn on takes a CMBus address of “1”. Each
additional unit turned on seeks a unique CMBus address for itself by polling the
other NF4400Rs connected to the CMBus. It takes an NF4400R from three to
fifteen seconds to complete this process. This is why you must turn on the units in
fifteen-second intervals.
Start Up Modes
Starting a New NF4400R for the First Time
34
The Polling Process
When you turn on a NF4400R, it is imperative that proper procedures are
followed. The NF4400R goes through a polling process when power is first
applied. If the timeline outlined in these instructions are not followed, then this
process could be interrupted and result in overlapping or incorrect address
assignments.
N
OTE
:
If you turn on a number of new NF4400Rs all at once, the polling processes
overlap and several units could acquire the same address. Currently, units must
have AC power applied one at a time to avoid address conflicts.
Once a NF4400R determines an identification number, it is stored in the
maintenance processor’s EEPROM for later use. Each unit can then be turned on
or off in any sequence.
Obtaining Console Connection
Console connection is a term used to describe a server that has a connection with
the VGA monitor, mouse, and keyboard (or console).
When the power switch on the back of the NF4400R is switched on, the
Console
LED blinks green indicating that the main board has power. If the
Select
button is
pressed once, then the processors will power up and POST will begin, the
Power
LED will illuminate, and the
Console
LED will stop blinking and darken. If the
Select
button is pressed again, then the
Console
LED will illuminate to indicate
that the server has connected to the console.
It is necessary to obtain console connection at the same time the server powers
up, goes through POST, and loads the mouse drivers for the operating system. If
a connection is not obtained at this time, then the server will not be properly
configured and the mouse will not be enabled. For this reason, once console
connection is obtained, it is important to keep the server connected until the
Windows NT logon prompt displays.
N
OTE
:
You should press and release the Select button rapidly. If you press and hold the
Select button for three-seconds or longer, the NF4400R’s LEDs flash to display
status information about the unit, and the NF4400R will not have console
connection.
If console connection is not obtained before the POST completes, or it is
interrupted and the mouse will not function with that unit, then the boot procedure
must be performed again. To recover, perform a normal shut down of your
Start Up Modes
Starting a New NF4400R for the First Time
35
operating system. Power down the CPU(s) by pressing and holding
Reset
while
you press the
Select
button. After doing this, the
Console
LED will begin blinking
to indicate the board has only AC power. Follow the instructions for “Turning on
the First NF4400R” on page 36.
Booting Windows NT
Windows NT attempts to detect a mouse when it loads. Because a single mouse
is used for all the units in a group, it is important that each unit has console
connection during operating system initialization. Currently, this requires that the
NF4400Rs be booted one at a time.
The mouse must be connected to the KVM adapter before you turn on and power
up the first unit because the BIOS will immediately attempt to detect the mouse. If
the mouse is not detected at this time, it will not be available for use in Windows
NT.
Turning on the First NF4400R
Starting a New NF4400R for the First Time
36
Turning on the First NF4400R
To turn on the first server in a new group and boot Windows NT, perform the
following steps:
1. Check every power cord, CMBus, Ethernet cables, and KVM adapter
connection in the group to ensure they are all tight and secure (including the
peripherals).
2. Turn on the monitor.
3. Turn on the
power
switch on the back of the Administrative Unit (the server
that is connected to the KVM Adapter) and
wait 15 seconds.
•
The
Console
LED will blink to indicate the board has power.
4. Press and release the
Select
button two times (within one second).
•
The
Power
LED will illuminate to indicate that the processors have power
and the
Console
LED will turn green to indicate that the server has
obtained console connection.
5. Wait for the NT logon prompt to display on the monitor.
You have completed the boot procedure for the first NF4400R. Move on to the
next server in the group and follow steps 3-5.
Removing and Replacing a NF4400R From a Group
Starting a New NF4400R for the First Time
37
Removing and Replacing a NF4400R From a Group
Disconnecting and Removing a
NF4400R
Follow these steps to remove a NF4400R from its group:
1. Go through a normal shut down procedure and verify that the AC power switch
on the back of the server is turned off.
2. Disconnect the AC power cord and the Ethernet cables from the NF4400R.
3. Disconnect both CMBus cables from the NF4400R.
C
AUTION
:
Do NOT attempt to use the mouse or change the console connection while
the CMBus is disconnected.
4. Remove one CMBus cable from the NF4400R you are replacing and bypass
the missing NF4400R as shown in Figure 10 on page 37.
N
OTE
:
It is now safe to use the mouse and change the console connection.
Figure 10. Removing an NF4400R Unit
5. Remove the unit you disconnected from the group.
Removing and Replacing a NF4400R From a Group
Starting a New NF4400R for the First Time
38
Replacing an NF4400R
Follow these steps to add or replace a NF4400R.
1. Attach the new NF4400R. See “Making Connections” on page 28.
2. Connect the AC power cord, Ethernet cables, and CMBus cables as originally
configured.
3. Turn on the AC power switch on the back of the NF4400R. The
Console
LED
blinks green.
Wait fifteen seconds before proceeding to the next step.
4. Press and release the
Select
button two times within one second. The
Power
LED will illuminate to indicate that the processors have power and the
Console
LED will illuminate to indicate that the server has obtained console
connection.
5. Wait for the Windows NT logon prompt to display on the monitor.
39
Section 2 - Detailed System Information
Chapter 5 - Chassis and Mainboard Layout .......................... 41
Chapter 6 - Connectors and Headers ....................................45
Chapter 7 - Hardware Configuration and Power-Up .............55
40
Major Components Layout
Chassis and Mainboard Layout
41
Chapter 6 - Chassis and Mainboard Layout
This section provides the mainboard layout and gives pinout definitions for each
header and connector in the chassis.
Major Components Layout
Figure 11. Major Component Layout
This figure shows the location of the major components within the chassis. Wiring
and cabling positions are NOT shown. Some of the components shown may not
be present in your system.
Mainboard Chip and Connector
Chassis and Mainboard Layout
42
Mainboard Chip and Connector
Figure 12. Mainboard Chip and Connector
This figure shows the chip and connector locations on the Mainboard. The
components are identified in Table 4 on page 43.
Mainboard Chip and Connector
Chassis and Mainboard Layout
43
TABLE 4. Mainboard Connectors and their Functions
Connectors Function Connectors Function
BT1 Intrusion Detection Battery Holder CN24 VRM Module Connector
BT2 CMOS Battery Holder CN25 Power Supply Connector
CN1, CN2 CPU Connector CN26 Parallel Port Connector
CN4 - CN7 DIMM Sockets CN27 Display Panel Connector
CN8 Primary IDE Connector J1, J2 Optional Connectors
CN9 Secondary IDE Connector JP1 Select Video (Test ONLY)
CN10 USB Connectors JP1, JP3 Flash Update Selection Jumpers
CN11 Floppy Disk Controller JP7, JP8 CPU Cooling Fan Connectors
CN12 Ethernet Connectors JP9 SMI Selection Jumper
CN13, CN14 CMBus Console Connectors JP11 Programming Header Connector
CN15 External Option 1 Output JP12 - JP15 HDD Power Connectors
CN16, CN32 Internal Option 1 and 2 Connectors JP16 - JP20 Chassis Cooling Fan Connectors
CN17, CN18 32-bit PCI Connector JP23, JP24 Temperature Sensor Connectors
CN21 External Option 2 Output JP25 RESET Connector
CN23, CN28 Serial Port 1 and 2 JP26 SCSI Termination
Mainboard Chip and Connector
Chassis and Mainboard Layout
44
Chips and Chipset
Descriptions
TABLE 5. Chips and Chipset Description
Chip Function/Description
AT29C020 ATMEL Flash Memory with custom AMI Server 98 BIOS
69000 Chips and Technology 69000 HiQ Video Accelerator
21152 Digital PCI-to-PCI Bridge Chip
82443GX Intel 440GX AGPset Host Bridge/Controller
82371EB Intel 440GX AGPset PCI Controller
82559 Intel 82559 32-bit PCI bus 10/100Mbps Fast Ethernet Controller
MAX1617 Maxim MAX1617 remote/local temperature sensor (4)
ST72251 ST Micro ST72251 8-bit Environmental Monitor (2)
Mainboard Chip and Connector
Connectors and Headers
45
Chapter 7 - Connectors and Headers
This section provides detailed information of all the Connectors and Headers.
CMOS Battery Holders BT1 and
BT2
The NF4400R Mainboard mounts two Lithium Ion batteries that have a nominal
shelf life of five to seven years. If the cover is on and the machine powered on, the
life expectancy of the two batteries equals the shelf life. When the machine is
powered off, the CMOS battery drains slowly. When the cover is removed, the
intrusion detector is activated and its battery drains at a rate that varies with the
brightness of the environment. Under extreme conditions, the life expectancy of
the CMOS battery is three to five years, the intrusion detector battery life
expectancy is one and one half to two years.
CPU Connectors CN1 and CN2
The NF4400R has two standard Pentium Slot 1 type connectors. If a system is
equipped with one processor, a bus terminator is provided for the second slot.
The connectors are identified in Table 7.
DIMM Sockets CN4 - CN7
The chassis has four DIMM sockets, Molex 72-bit, 168-pin connectors, mounted
at a 25° angle. These connectors accept standard JEDEC modules, types 1 M x
72, 2 M x 72, 4 M x 72, 8 M x 72, 16 M x 72, 32 M x 72, and 64 M x 72. The
sockets use ejector latches to align the modules during insertion and removal.
Modules are inserted by sliding them straight in, using the latches to seat the
edge-connector pins, and locking the module. When fully locked, the latches
reduce the potential for micro-motion.
TABLE 6. Connector Functions
Connector Function
BT1 Intrusion Detection Battery
BT2 CMOS Battery
TABLE 7. Processor Connectors
Connector Processor
CN1 CPU 0
CN2 CPU 1
Mainboard Chip and Connector
Connectors and Headers
46
IDE 44-Pin Secondary Port CN9
The secondary IDE port is a 44-pin (ATA) internal connector. This connector adds
the following four pins to the standard 40-pin IDE connector defined above. This
connector is commonly used with CD-ROM drives.
USB Stacked Connectors CN10
Two USB Series A connectors in a double-stacked mount are located at the rear
of the chassis. All power is fused and filtered. The terminations for each connector
are described in Table 9.
Floppy Disk Connector CN11
This 34-pin header is an industry standard floppy port, capable of supporting two
floppy drives. The 360 k, 1.2 M, 720 k, 1.4 M, and 2.8 M drives are all supported.
This connector is provided for maintenance purposes only. The NF4400R does
not have a permanently mounted floppy diskette drive.
TABLE 8. IDE 44-Pin Secondary Port CN9
PIN Function PIN Function
41 +5 VDC (Logic) 43 Ground
42 +5 VDC (Motor) 44 Type (0 = ATA)
TABLE 9. USB Stacked Connectors CN10
PIN Name Signal Cable Color
1 Vcc +5V DC Red
2 D- USBP0- White
3 D+ USBP0+ Green
4 Gnd Ground Black
TABLE 10. Floppy Disk Connector CN11
PIN Function PIN Function PIN Function PIN Function
1 GND 2 RPM 3 GND 4 N/C
5 GND 6 DRATE 0 7 GND 8 INDEX
9 GND 10 MOTOR 11 GND 12 DRIVE 2
13 GND 14 DRIVE 1 15 GND 16 MOTOR 2
17 GND 18 DIRECTION 19 GND 20 STEP
21 GND 22 WRITE DATA 23 GND 24 WRITE ENABLE
25 GND 26 TRACK 0 27 GND 28 WRITE PROTECT
29 GND 30 READ DATA 31 GND 32 HEAD SELECT
33 GND 34 DISK CHANGE
Mainboard Chip and Connector
Connectors and Headers
47
Ethernet Connectors CN12
The NF4400R supports two auto-switching 10 BASE-T/100 BASE-TX Ethernet
connectors. These are provided by two Intel 82559 Ethernet Controllers. The
connector accepts standard RJ45 connectors using data grade cables.
CMBus Console Connectors
CN13 and CN14
NF4400Rs, when in a group, are linked together by the CMBus and several other
interconnects. The CMBus carries maintenance-related data, in addition to
signals available at the console, through the Console Cable Adapter interface.
TABLE 11. Ethernet Connectors CN12
PIN SIGNAL PIN SIGNAL
1 TDH 2 TDL
3 RDH 4 N/C
5 N/C 6 RDL
7N/C8 N/C
TABLE 12. CMBus Console Connectors CN13 and CN14
PIN SIGNAL PIN SIGNAL
1 RED 2 GRN
3 BLU 4 H_SYNC
5 V_SYNC 6 CON_DCC_DAT
7 CON_DCC_CLK 8 N/C
9 N/C 10 N/C
11 KBDVCC 12 KCLK
13 KDATA 14 MSEVCC
15 MCLK 16 MDAT
17 XLCL 18 XLDA
19 RED_GND 20 GRN_GND
21 BLU_GND 22 GND
23 GND 24 GND
25 GND 26 GND
27 GND 28 GND
29 GND 30 GND
31 GND 32 GND
33 GND 34 GND
35 GND 36 GND
Mainboard Chip and Connector
Connectors and Headers
48
PCI Connectors CN17 and
CN18
The PCI Local Bus connectors are keyed for 5-volt operation. If cards require 3.3
VDC, this voltage is provided by using either a jumper or a voltage regulator
module (VRM) in header CN24, depending on the current drain expected.
TABLE 13. PCI Connectors CN17 and CN18
PIN SIGNAL PIN SIGNAL PIN SIGNAL PIN SIGNAL
B1 -12V B32 AD17 A1 TRST# A32 AD16
B2 TCK B33 C/BE2# A2 +12V A33 +3.3V
B3 Gnd B34 Gnd A3 TMS A34 FRAME#
B4 TDO B35 IRDY# A4 TDI A35 Gnd
B5 +5V B36 +3.3V A5 +5V A36 TRDY#
B6 +5V B37 DEVSEL# A6 INTA# A37 Gnd
B7 INTB# B38 Gnd A7 INTC# A38 STOP#
B8 INTD# B39 LOCK# A8 +5V A39 +3.3V
B9 PRSNT1# B40 PERR# A9 Reserved A40 SDONE
B10 Reserved B41 +3.3V A10 +5V A41 SBO#
B11 PRSNT2# B42 SERR# A11 Reserved A42 Gnd
B12 Gnd B43 +3.3V A12 Gnd A43 PAR
B13 Gnd B44 C/BE1# A13 Gnd A44 AD15
B14 Reserved B45 AD14 A14 Reserved A45 +3.3V
B15 Gnd B46 Gnd A15 RST# A46 AD13
B16 CLK B47 AD12 A16 +5V A47 AD11
B17 Gnd B48 AD10 A17 GNT# A48 Gnd
B18 REQ# B49 Gnd A18 Gnd A49 AD9
B19 +5V B50 Connector Key A19 Reserved A50 Connector Key
B20 AD31 B51 Connector Key A20 AD30 A51 Connector Key
B21 AD29 B52 AD8 A21 +3.3V A52 C/BE0#
B22 Gnd B53 AD7 A22 AD28 A53 +3.3V
B23 AD27 B54 +3.3V A23 AD26 A54 AD6
B24 AD25 B55 AD5 A24 Gnd A55 AD4
B25 +3.3V B56 AD3 A25 AD24 A56 Gnd
B26 C/BE3# B57 Gnd A26 IDSEL A57 AD2
B27 AD23 B58 AD1 A27 +3.3V A58 AD0
B28 Gnd B59 +5V A28 AD22 A59 +5V
B29 AD21 B60 ACK64# A29 AD20 A60 REQ64#
B30 AD19 B61 +5V A30 Gnd A61 +5V
B31 +3.3V B62 +5V A31 AD18 A62 +5V
Mainboard Chip and Connector
Connectors and Headers
49
Serial Port Connectors CN23
and CN28
Two standard 10-pin RS-232 headers are provided at CN23 and CN28. These
ports support transfers up to 115 k baud. A DB9 connector is mounted at the rear
of the chassis and connected to CN23 by a ribbon cable connector. Table 14
gives conversions between common connectors.
VRM Header CN24
A 30 position, vertical-mount VRM 7 header, accepts either a jumper block or a
Fairchild RCB002, or equivalent, voltage regulator module (VRM) to provide 3.3
VDC for PCI cards that require it. The decision to use either a jumper block or a
VRM depends on the current drain at 3.3 VDC.
TABLE 14. Serial Port Connectors CN23 and CN28
10 Pin Hdr Signal Name DB9 DB25
1 DCD: Data Carrier Detect (input) 1 8
2 RXD: Receive Data (input) 2 3
3 TXD: Transmit Data (output) 3 2
4 DTR: Data Terminal Ready (output) 4 20
5GND 57
6 DSR: Data Set Ready (input) 6 6
7 RTS: Request To Send (output) 7 4
8 CTS: Clear To Send (input) 8 5
9 RI: Ring Indicator (input) 9 22
10 GND
TABLE 15. VRM Header CN24
PIN Row A Row B
1GND GND
2GND GND
3 +12 VDC +3.3 VDC
4 +3.3 VDC +3.3 VDC
5 +3.3 VDC +3.3 VDC
6 +3.3 VDC +3.3 VDC
7 V CORE V CORE
8 V CORE V CORE
9 GND V CORE
10 V CORE V CORE
Mainboard Chip and Connector
Connectors and Headers
50
N
OTE
:
VCORE = Processor core VCC.
Power Connector CN25
The 150 W power module connects to the main board at CN25. The spare pins
are wired in the circuit board and are available if needed.
N
OTE
:
Header pins are numbered according to the board schematic values. Some
manufacturers number their connectors differently.
11 PWR GOOD UPVRM#
12 SENSE DISABLE
13 GND GND
14 +5 VDC +5 VDC
15 +5 VDC +5 VDC
TABLE 15. (Continued) VRM Header CN24
PIN Row A Row B
TABLE 16. Power Connector CN25
PIN Voltage PIN Voltage
1 Red +5VDC 2 +5 Spare
3 Red +5VDC 4 +5 Spare
5 Red +5VDC 6 GND Spare
7 Red +5VDC 8 GND Spare
9 Blk GND 10 GND Spare
11 Bl k GND 12 No t U s ed
13 Blk GND 14 B –12VDC
15 Blk GND 16 Y +12VDC
17 Blk GND 18 Y +12VDC
19 Blk GND 20 Y +12VDC
Mainboard Chip and Connector
Connectors and Headers
51
Parallel Port Header CN26
The 26-pin header on the main board provides a bi-directional parallel port
interface. There is no external connector on the NF4400R.
Display Panel Connector CN27
The LEDs and switches mounted on the front panel are routed to this header.
TABLE 17. Parallel Port Header CN26
PIN FUNCTION PIN FUNCTION
1 STROBE/ 2 AUTOFEED/
3 DATA(0) 4 ERROR/
5 DATA(1) 6 INIT/
7 DATA(2) 8 SELECT IN/
9 DATA(3) 10 GND
11 DATA(4) 12 GND
13 DATA(5) 14 GND
15 DATA(6) 16 GND
17 DATA(7) 18 GND
19 ACK/ 20 GND
21 BUSY 22 GND
23 PAPER EMPTY 24 GND
25 SELECT 26 GND
TABLE 18. Display Panel Connector CN27
PIN SIGNAL PIN SIGNAL
1 VCC 2 +5VUSW
3 N/C 4 SELECT_SW#
5 N/C 6 RESET_SW#
7 N/C 8 SELECT_LED#
9 CS_ACTIVITY# 10 TEMP_LED#
11 LAN2_ACTIVE# 12 WATCHDOG_LED#
13 LAN1_ACTIVE# 14 IDE_ACTIVE#
15 GND 16 GND
Mainboard Chip and Connector
Connectors and Headers
52
IDE 40-Pin Primary Port CN48
The NF4400R provides high-speed primary and secondary IDE interfaces. A
master and a slave IDE or EIDE device may be connected to each connector.
Devices are configured as either master or slave using the BIOS setup utilities.
TABLE 19. IDE 40-Pin Primary Port CN48
PIN FUNCTION PIN FUNCTION
1 IDE RESET 2 GND
3 DATA (7) 4 DATA (8)
5 DATA (6) 6 DATA (9)
7 DATA (5) 8 DATA (10)
9 DATA (4) 10 DATA (11)
11 DATA (3) 12 DATA (12)
13 DATA (2) 14 DATA (13)
15 DATA (1) 16 DATA (14)
17 DATA (0) 18 DATA (15)
19 GND 20 N/C
21 IDE DREQ 22 GND
23 I/O WRITE 24 GND
25 I/O READ 26 GND
27 I/O READY 28 GND
29 IDE DACK 30 GND
31 IRQ (14) 32 IOCS 16
33 A1 34 N/C
35 A0 36 A2
37 IDE CHIP SELECT 0 38 IDE CHIP SELECT 1
39 IDE ACTIVE 40 GND
CMBus KVM Adapter
Connectors and Headers
53
CMBus KVM Adapter
The KVM Adapter provides an interface between the CMBus and the console
peripheral devices. Typically, the adapter is connected to the top NF4400R in the
group.
Figure 13. CMBus KVM Adapter.
PS/2 Keyboard/Mouse
Connector Ports
The NF4400R supports most common keyboards. PS/2 style keyboards are
supported directly by a connection to a port on the CMBus Console Adapter.
TABLE 20. PS/2 Connector Ports
PIN SIGNAL
1DATA
2N/C
3GND
4 VCC +5 VOLTS
5CLOCK
6GND
CMBus KVM Adapter
Connectors and Headers
54
VGA Port
The Console Adapter provides a standard 15-pin connector which mates to most
monitors supporting VGA.
CMBus Access Connector
The I2C connector provides access to the CMBus 4-Pin I2C Connector Pinouts.
TABLE 21. VGA Port
PIN FUNCTION PIN Function
1 RED 2 GREEN
3 BLUE 4 ID 2
5 GND 6 RGND
7 GGND 8 BGND
9 KEY (no pin) 10 SGND
11 ID 0 12 ID 1 or SDA
13 H SYNC 14 V SYNC
15 ID3 or SCL
TABLE 22. CMBus Access Connector
PIN SIGNAL
1GND
2CMB DATA
3+5VDC
4CMB CLK
CMBus KVM Adapter
Hardware Configuration and Power-Up
55
Chapter 8 - Hardware Configuration and Power-Up
This section describes all the jumpers and their various settings and/or
descriptions.
Flash Update Selection JP2 and
JP3
CPU Fan Power JP7 and JP8
SMI Selection JP9
TABLE 23. Flash Update Selection JP2 and JP3
JP2 JP3 SELECTION
NC NC Write protect (Default)
1-2 1-2 Write protect
2-3 1-2 Program device
1-2 2-3 Write protect
2-3 2-3 Program PLCC device, write protect TSOP device
TABLE 24. CPU Fan Power JP7 and JP8
JP7, JP8 SIGNAL
1GND
2+12VDC
3Tachometer Out
TABLE 25. SMI Selection J9
JP9 SELECTION
NC APIC SMI (Default)
2-3 PIIX4 SMI
CMBus KVM Adapter
Hardware Configuration and Power-Up
56
External Flash Programmer
JP11
HDD Power JP12 - JP15
Chassis Fan Power JP16 - JP20
Temperature Sensors JP23 and
JP24
TABLE 26. External Flash Programmer JP11
JP11 SIGNAL JP11 SIGNAL
1 GND 2 ITE8671
3 GND 4 ITE8671
5 GND 6 RESET CMB
7 +5UNSW 8 ITE8671
9 N/C 10 N/C
TABLE 27. HDD Power JP12-JP15
JP12-JP15 SIGNAL
1+5VDC
2GND
3GND
4+12VDC
TABLE 28. Chassis Fan Power JP16-JP20
JP16-JP20 SIGNAL
1GND
2+12VDC
TABLE 29. Temperature Sensors JP23-JP24
JP23-JP24 SIGNAL
1SensorN
2SensorP
CMBus KVM Adapter
Hardware Configuration and Power-Up
57
System RESET Connector JP25
Maintenance Processor Reset
Connector JP29
TABLE 30. Connector JP25
JP25 SELECTION
1-2 System Reset
OPEN No Reset (Default)
TABLE 31. Connector JP29
JP29 SIGNAL
1SMB
2GND
3CMB
CMBus KVM Adapter
Hardware Configuration and Power-Up
58
Bus Frequency Ratio Switch SW1
The following table gives the settings for switch SW1. This switch sets the
frequency ratio of the Front-Side CPU Bus.
TABLE 32. Bus Frequency Ratio Switch SW1
SA SB SC SD RATIO
ON ON ON ON 2.0X
ON OFF ON ON 2.5X
ON ON OFF ON 3.0X
ON OFF OFF ON 3.5X
ON ON ON OFF 4.0X
ON OFF ON OFF 4.5X
ON ON OFF OFF 5.0X
ON OFF OFF OFF 5.5X
OFF ON ON ON 6.0X
OFF OFF ON ON 6.5X
OFF ON OFF ON 7.0X
OFF OFF OFF ON 7.5X
OFF ON ON OFF 8.0X
59
Section 3 - APPENDIXES
Appendix A - Personal Inventory ...............................................61
Appendix B - micronpc.com support.........................................63
Appendix C - Regulatory Information ........................................67
Appendix D - Safety Guidelines ................................................. 71
Abbreviations............................................................................... 73
Glossary .......................................................................................77
Index .............................................................................................87
60
Appendix A - Personal Inventory
61
Appendix A - Personal Inventory
Personal Inventory
This Server system is designed for years of productive computing. Use this
section to keep notes about details of your purchase. Update this section when
you add new options.
Date of Purchase:
Micron Telephone Number:
1-800-249-1178
Micron Address: Micron Electronics Inc.
900 E. Karcher Road
Nampa, ID 83687
Micron E-mail address:
server.support@micronpc.com
Micron Web site: http://support.micronpc.com/
Serial Number:
CPU Type:
Hard Disk
Capacity:
Memory Capacity:
62
Important Product Shipment Information
Appendix B - micronpc.com support
63
Appendix B - micronpc.com support
Important Product Shipment Information
If you have questions about the way the unit functions or about any technical
hardware specifications, Micron’s award winning Technical Support team is ready
to help you. Support is available 24-hours a day, seven days a week. Contact us
on our web site at http://www.micronpc.com or telephone us toll-free at 1-800249-1178. Please refer to this Product Guide for additional solutions to common
setup problems, configuration, and technical information.
Problem Solving
If you are experiencing problems with Micron supplied hardware or software,
choose one of the options listed below. If you are having problems with hardware
or software supplied by a vendor other than micronpc.com, refer to that vendor for
support.
•
The micronpc.com Web site at http://support.micronpc.com/
•
When contacting micronpc.com Technical Support with an e-mail message
or toll-free telephone, (see “Contacting Micron Electronics, Inc.” on page
64) have your customer number, serial number, order number, or case
number ready. To help us solve the problem, we will need:
•
detailed information describing the problem
•
any error messages displayed on screen
•
any troubleshooting steps you have taken
•
a list of any hardware or software added after the purchase
Please be stationed at the unit when you call. With your assistance, we will
complete the troubleshooting steps necessary to solve the problem.
Contacting Micron Electronics, Inc.
Appendix B - micronpc.com support
64
Customer Service
micronpc.com Customer Service can help you with questions regarding order
status, credit, refunds, or returns by e-mail at
www.customer.service@micronpc.com or telephone, toll-free, at 1-888-Micron-2
(1-888-642-7662).
Obtaining Account Information
•
Please have this information ready before you call:
•
your order number
•
customer number
•
serial number or case number
Obtaining Order Status
•
Access our Web site at www.micronpc.com and visit the Support page for
on-line order status.
•
Telephone our Customer Service department toll-free and wait for the
automated order status prompt to enter your order reference number.
For Information Regarding
Refunds and Returns
•
Contact our Customer Service department by telephone or E-Mail and
request a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) number or a part
request number within thirty (30) days from the date your order was
shipped.
Contacting Micron Electronics, Inc.
Technical Support and Customer
Service
Micron PC: 1-877-894-5693
Micron Commercial Systems: 1-877-894-5694
Micron Government Systems: 1-877-894-5695
(Outside the U.S. or Canada) 1-208-893-3434
Micron NetFRAME Server Support 1-800-249-1178
TABLE 33. Customer Service Hours
Monday through Friday Saturday
Small Business
(100 or fewer employees)
6 A.M. to 8 P.M.
Mountain Time
7 A.M to 5 P.M.
Mountain Time
Commercial Business
(101 or more employees)
6 A.M. to 5 A.M.
Mountain Time
Closed
Contacting Micron Electronics, Inc.
Appendix B - micronpc.com support
65
E-mail Addresses
Customer Service: customer.service@micronpc.com
Micron PC: csb.service@micronpc.com
Micron Commercial Systems: commercial.service@micronpc.com
Micron Government Systems: govedu.service@micronpc.com
Micron NetFRAME Server Support: server.support@micronpc.com
For parts, peripherals, or upgrades, telephone Micron Additions at
1-888-8MICRON (1-888-864-2766) or visit the Web site at
www.micronadditions.com
66
Environmental Specifications
Appendix C - Regulatory Information
67
Appendix C - Regulatory Information
Environmental Specifications
Safety Compliance
TABLE 34. Environmental Specifications
Condition Specifications
Temperature
Operating
Non-operating
5
°
to 351° C (41° to 122° F); Altitude to 12,000 m, (40,000 ft.)
max
-20
°
to 50
°
C (-4° to 176° F); Derated 5° CE per minute. Altitude
to 3,000 m, (10,000 ft.)
Humidity
Non-operating
Operating wet bulb
5% to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing) at
30° C (86° F)
10% to 90% relative humidity (non condensing); Not to exceed
33
o
C (91.4o F) with diskette drive of hard disk drive
Shock
Operating
Packaged
5.0G, 2 ms, 1/2 sine
50.0G, 2 ms, 1/2 sine
Vibration
Operating
Packaged
1.0g, 5 to 500 Hz
2.0g, 5 to 500 Hz
AC Input Power
100-120 V~
200-240 V~
100-120 V~, 4.0 A, 50/60 Hz
200-240 V~, 2.0 A, 50/60 Hz
TABLE 35. Safety Compliance
Country Codes
USA: UL 1950 - CSA 950-95, 3rd Edition
Canada: UL certified to CSA 950-95 for Canada (product bears the single
UL mark for U.S. and Canada)
FCC Information
Appendix C - Regulatory Information
68
FCC Information
All Micron computer systems are designed to meet Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) regulations and are typically classified as Class B digital
devices. There are, however, some options that can be included in your system
that may change the rating to Class A.
Your Micron system has an FCC registration label located on the back panel of
the computer. Most peripheral cards will also have an FCC registration label on
the card-mounting bracket or on the card itself. If
any
label includes the Class A
rating, your whole system is considered to be a Class A digital device. If
all
labels
carry either the FCC logo ( ), or Class B rating, your system is considered to be
a Class B digital device.
Once you determine which classification your system falls under, read the
appropriate FCC notices that follow.
FCC Notice
FCC Class A Notice:
Class A Digital Device: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with
the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference
when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference
to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely
to cause interference in which case the user will be required to correct the
interference at his own expense.
FCC Information
Appendix C - Regulatory Information
69
FCC Class B Notice:
Class B Digital Device: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference
when the equipment is operated in a residential installation. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference
to radio communications. There is no guarantee that interference will not occur in
a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio
or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and
on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following
measures:
•
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
•
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
•
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to
which the receiver is connected.
•
Consult an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
N
OTE
:
Shielded interface cables must be used in order to comply with the emission
limits.
C
AUTION
:
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible
for compliance could void the user’s authorization to operate the
equipment.
CE Declaration of Conformity
Appendix C - Regulatory Information
70
CE Declaration of Conformity
APPLICATION OF COUNCIL DIRECTIVE(S) 89/336/EEC and 72/23/EEC
Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared:
EN55022
EN55024
EN60950
Manufacturer's Name: Micron Electronics, Inc.
Manufacturer's Address: 900 E. Karcher Road
Nampa, Idaho 83687 USA
Micron Electronics, Inc., hereby declares Micron systems bearing the
marking is in compliance with the EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility)
directive of the European Community and conform to the Directive(s) and
Standard(s) listed above.
A "Declaration of Conformity" for each system can be found on file at any
authorized European Micron Dealer/Distributor.
For a list of authorized dealers/distributors, please contact Micron Electronics, Inc.
at 208-898-8970. When requesting a "Declaration of Conformity," please refer to
the model number on the system label.
General Safety Instructions
Appendix D - Safety Guidelines
71
Appendix D - Safety Guidelines
General Safety Instructions
Read these safety instructions carefully and keep this Product Guide for later
reference.
•
Disconnect this equipment from all AC outlets before cleaning. Do not use
liquid or spray detergent directly on the equipment. Use a damp cloth for
cleaning.
•
For plugable equipment, the AC power outlet should be installed near the
equipment and easily accessible.
•
Keep this equipment away from high humidity.
•
Always lay this equipment on a steady surface. A drop or fall could damage
your new system.
•
The openings on the enclosure are for air convection and protect the
equipment from overheating. DO NOT COVER THE OPENINGS.
•
Ensure the power source is the correct voltage before connecting your
system.
•
Do not place anything over the power cord or where it can be stepped on.
•
All cautions and warnings on the equipment should be noted.
•
If the equipment is not used for a long time, disconnect the equipment to
avoid damage by power surges.
•
Keep all liquids away from the unit. Spills could cause fire or electrical
shock.
•
Never open the equipment. For safety and warranty reasons, equipment
should only be opened by Micron qualified service personnel.
•
In one of the following situations, get the equipment checked by a qualified
service technician:
•
The power cord or plug is damaged.
•
Liquid has penetrated the equipment.
•
The equipment has been exposed to moisture.
General Safety Instructions
Appendix D - Safety Guidelines
72
C
AUTION
:
To reduce the risk of an electric shock, which could cause personal injury,
follow all safety notices. Symbols are used in your documentation and on
your equipment to indicate safety hazards.
W
ARNING
:
Lithium batteries can be dangerous. Improper handling or installation of
lithium batteries may result in an explosion. Replace them only with an
exact replacement. Dispose of lithium batteries by returning them to your
dealer, or ask your local disposal service for proper procedures.
W
ARNING
:
Under no circumstances should the user attempt to disassemble the power
supply. The power supply has no user-replaceable parts. Inside the power
supply are hazardous voltages that can cause serious personal injury. A
defective power supply must be returned to your dealer.
To prevent electrical shock, connect all local (individual office) computers and
computer support equipment to the same electrical circuit of the building wiring. If
you are unsure, check the building wiring to avoid remote earth conditions.
Earth Ground
For safe operation, only connect the equipment to a building power supply that is
in accordance with current wiring regulations in your country. In the U.K., those
regulations are the IEE.
Abbreviations
73
Abbreviations
ACPI
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
AMD
Advanced Micro Devices
APM
Advanced Power Management
ASKIR
Amplitude shift keyed infrared port
ATA
AT Attachment (Advanced Technology Attachment)
ATA PI
AT Attachment Packet Interface
BIOS
Basic Input/Output System
CMOS
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CPU
Central Processing Unit
DIMM
Dual In-line Memory Module
DMA
Direct Memory Access
DRAM
Dynamic Random Access Memory
D-STN
Dual Scan STN (Super Twisted Nematic)
D-STN XGA
Dual Scan STN (Super Twisted Nematic) Extended Graphics
Array
ECP
Enhanced Capabilities Port
EDO DRAM
Extended Data Output DRAM
EIDE
Enhanced IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)
EPP
Enhanced Parallel Port
FDC
Floppy disk controller
FIR
Fast Infrared
GB
Gigabyte (1GB = 1,073,741,824 bytes or 1,024MB)
HP SIR
Hewlett-Packard Serial InfraRed
I/O
Input/Output
IDE
Integrated Drive Electronics (internal hard disk drive inter-
face)
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IrDA
Infrared Data Association
Abbreviations
74
LAN
Local Area Network
LCD
Liquid Crystal Display
LCM
Liquid Crystal Module
LED
Light Emitting Diode
Li-Ion
Lithium Ion (battery)
MB
Megabyte (1MB = 1,048,576 bytes or 1,024KB)
MESI
Modified Exclusive Shared and Invalid (protocol)
MHz
MegaHertz
MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MMU
Memory Management Unit
MMX
MultiMedia EXtensions
MPEG
Motion Picture Experts Group
MS-DOS
Microsoft Disk Operating System
Ni-MH
Nickel Metal Hydride
NTSC
(National TV Standards Committee) The US color TV stan-
dard administered by the FCC. It currently broadcasts at 525
lines of resolution that are transmitted as 30 interlaced
frames per second (60 half frames per second, or 60 “fields”
per second in TV jargon).
PA L
(Phase Alternating Line) A European color TV standard that
broadcasts an analog signal at 625 lines of resolution 25
interlaced frames per second (50 half frames per second).
PCI
Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCMCIA
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PGA
Pin Grid Array
PIO
Programmed Input/Output
POST
Power On S elf-Test
RAM
Random Access Memory
ROM
Read Only Memory
RTC
Real Time Clock
SIR
Serial Infrared
SMI
System Management Interrupt
Abbreviations
75
SPP
Standard Parallel Port
SRAM
Static Random Access Memory
SVGA
Super Video Graphics Array
S-Video
S-video hookups use a special 5-pin connector rather than
the common RCA phono plug.
TFT
Thin Film Transistor
TFT XGA
Thin Film Transistor Extended Graphics Array
USB
Universal Serial Bus
VGA
Video Graphics Array
XGA
Extended Graphics Array
ZV Port
Zoomed Video Port
Abbreviations
76
Glossary
77
Glossary
ACPI:
Advanced Configuration Power Interface. A standard
that regulates all Plug-and-Play devices.
ACPI Function:
This options enables / disables ACPI
functionality.
AGP:
Accelerated Graphics Port. A high-performance bus for
graphics-intensive applications which operates independently
of the PCI bus.
API:
Advanced Program Interface. A language and message
format used by an application program to communicate with
another program that provides services for it. APIs, are
usually implemented by writing function calls. Examples of
APIs are the calls made by an application program to such
programs as an Operating System, messaging system or
database management system (DBMS).
Application:
A complete, self-contained program that
performs a specific function directly for the user.
AUI Connector:
Attachment Unit Interface. A transceiver
cable used in networks or telecommunications. The 15-pin
shielded twisted-pair ethernet cable provides a path between
a node's ethernet interface and the media access unit (MAU).
Also called thicknet connector.
Bandwidth:
The difference between the highest and lowest
frequencies of transmission channel. A measure of the
information capacity of the transmission channel. Bandwidth
is expressed in bits per second (bps).
BIOS:
Basic Input / Output System. Programs that are
permanently stored in the system board's EEPROM chips
providing functions such as the power-on self test (POST).
Also see, EEPROM.
BMC:
Baseboard Management Controller.
Boot:
To start the computer system and load the operating
system.
Bridge:
A device that interconnects local or remote networks
across all higher level protocols. Bridges form a single logical
network, centralizing network administration. Bridges operate
at the physical and link layers of the Open Systems
Interconnect (OSI) reference model.
Bus:
The set of address or data lines used to transfer
information between different components within a computer
(such as memory, the microprocessor, and the expansion
slots). The width of the bus or the number of parallel
connectors, determines the size in bits of the largest data
item that it can carry.
Cache:
Small, fast, local storage for frequently accessed
instructions and data to provide the processor with the fastest
stream of information possible, while keeping main memory
current. It can also be used for a local copy of data accessible
over a network, and more.
Cache DRAM or Cached DRAM:
Combines an SRAM
cache with 4 or 16 MB of DRAM within a single IC chip.
Depending on whether the application needs serial or
random access, this onboard SRAM can be used as both a
cache or buffer. Because the RAM does not have to send its
information to an external SRAM cache, overall system
performance is considerably improved.
Cache RAM:
Cache is a small block of high-speed memory
(usually SRAM) located between the CPU and main memory
that is used to store frequently requested data and
instructions. When the processor needs data, it will check in
high-speed cache first to see if the data is there. If it is not,
then the processor will retrieve the data from slower main
memory.
CD-ROM:
Compact Disc-Read Only Memory. An information
(data) storage device that uses compact disc technology.
CDs can store over 650MB, until recently they could not be
written to, hence the appellation Read Only.
Glossary
78
CISC:
Complex Instruction Set Chip. A processor where
each instruction can perform several low-level operations
such as memory access, arithmetic operations or address
calculations. Also see, RISC.
Client / Server:
A common form of distributed system in
which software is split between server tasks and user / client
tasks. A client sends requests to a server asking for
information or action, and the server responds. There may be
either one centralized server or several distributed ones.
Clock:
A circuit that sends a consistent, periodic signal used
to synchronize the computer and to step information through
the system.
Closed:
A complete circuit. Usually accomplished by placing
a jumper over two pins on the system board or a peripheral
card. Also see "Open" and "Jumper."
Cluster Server:
A group of independent servers managed as
a single system thus allowing higher hardware availability,
easier manageability and greater network scalability.
CMOS:
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. A logic
circuit family that uses very little power. It stores system
setup information including system hardware settings.
Sometimes used to store information by applying constant,
uninterrupted power through the use of an external battery.
Collapsed Backbone:
Network architecture under which the
backplane of a device such as a hub performs the function of
a network backbone; the backplane routes traffic between
desktop nodes and between other hubs serving multiple
LANs.
Compact Disc:
A 4.72 inch disc that can store still and / or
moving images in monochrome and / or color; stereo or two
separate sound tracks integrated with and / or separate from
the images; and digital programs and information files.
Controller:
This part of a computer, typically a separate
circuit board, allows the computer to use certain kinds of
peripheral devices. Disk controllers connect hard disks and
floppy disks. The most common disk controllers in use are
IDE and SCSI controllers. Most home personal computers
use IDE controllers. High-end PCs, workstations and network
file servers mostly have SCSI controllers.
Coprocessor:
A microprocessor device that performs
specialized computations which assists the main processor
by performing certain special functions, usually much faster
than the main processor could perform them in software. The
coprocessor often decodes instructions in parallel with the
main processor and executes only those instructions
intended for it.
CPU:
Central Processing Unit. The integrated circuit chip that
performs the actual computing functions of the computer.
Other chips perform support functions like storing data and
controlling peripherals. Also see microprocessor.
DIMM:
Dual In-line Memory Module. Small circuit boards
carrying memory integrated circuits, with signal and power
pins on both sides of the board, in contrast to single-in-line
memory modules (SIMM). On a DIMM, the connections on
each side of the module connects to different chips. This
allows for a wider data path, as more modules can be
accessed at once.
DIN:
Deutsch Industrie Norm. A round multi-pin connector,
generally used to connect the keyboard and mouse to the
system.
Disk:
Storage medium. See "Compact Disc," "Floppy Disk,"
"Hard Disk," and "Removable Storage."
Disk-Imaging:
The creation of a template copy of a system
software configuration for later transfer to selected
workstations. The disk image is created to include the OS,
hard drive partitions, FAT structure, and selected software;
usually without the drivers for particular components, which
must be added later. Once the image is created it can be
transferred over a network for automatic installation to client
workstations. Also called "ghosting."
Glossary
79
Disk Mirroring:
The recording of redundant data for fault
tolerant operation. Data is written on two partitions of the
same disk, on two separate disks within the same system or
on two separate computer systems.
DMA:
Direct Memory Access. A method for transferring data
directly to and from system memory, bypassing the
microprocessor.
DMI:
Desktop Management Interface. An interface for
managing computers by providing information about the
system and its components to DMI-compliant viewers.
DRAM:
Dynamic Random Access Memory. Memory that
requires a periodic refresh cycle to keep the stored
information from being lost. Loss of power causes loss of
data in this memory.
DSTN:
Double Super-Twisted Nematic or Dual-Scan Twisted
Nematic. DSTN displays utilize dual-scan, passive matrix
screen technology. The contrast ratio that goes as high as
30-to-1, and glare resistance ("washing out") is improved
over earlier DSTN screens. But refresh rate is slower than
with active matrix, or Thin Film Transistor (TFT), technology
displays, which means DSTN is less desirable for motion
video or animation. Supertwist refers to a technique for
improving LCD display screens by twisting light rays. In
addition to normal supertwist displays, there also exist double
supertwist and triple supertwist displays. In general, the more
twists, the higher the contrast. Dual scan refers to the
process of refreshing the screen twice as fast as
conventional passive matrix displays. Dual-scan displays are
not as sharp or bright as active-matrix displays, but they
consume less power.
Duplexing:
Duplexing has all the benefits of mirroring but
adds further protection utilizing different disk channels to
connect two drives in a mirrored set. Often this is done using
two SCSI controllers, one to each SCSI drive.
DVD:
Digital Versatile Disc. A DVD disc is a high-density disc
that holds large amounts of digital data for playback on a
variety of electronic mediums; including DVD players,
computers, audio CD players, etc. The DVD format presents
cinema quality picture and sound via interactive menus.
There are several existing DVD format standards: DVD-One
layer, one side-4.5 GB; DVD-9 -One layer, dual sided-9 GB;
DVD-10 -Two layers, each dual sided-17 GB; DVD-ROM Designed for use in a computer and encompasses all
formats.
ECC:
Error Checking and Correction. Detects errors in
transmitted data and attempts to correct them on the fly. The
simplest form of error detection is a single added parity bit or
a cyclic redundancy check. Multiple parity bits not only detect
that an error has occurred, but also which bits have been
inverted and should therefore be re-inverted or fixed to
restore the original data.
ECC RAM:
Error Checking and Correcting Memory.
Advanced type of memory that can find and correct certain
types of single-bit memory errors, providing greater data
integrity. Advanced ECC can correct some double-bit errors.
EDRAM:
Enhanced Dynamic Random Access Memory. Like
cached DRAM, enhanced DRAM also incorporates an onchip SRAM cache in an attempt to improve on the average
access time. By improving the DRAM's performance (with the
reduction of parasitic capacitance and an increase in
transistor gain) to 35 ns, and combining it with a 2 Kb, 15 ns
SRAM cache, a DRAM chip with a 15 ns access time is
created. In contrast, cached DRAM uses a much larger
15 Kb, 15 ns cache and DRAM with a much slower 70 ns
access time.
EDO RAM:
Extended Data Out Random Access Memory. A
newer, faster type of computer memory that holds its lastrequested data in a cache after releasing it. Now becoming
standard on personal computers. EDO DRAM is almost the
same as FPM, with a slight modification that allows back-toback memory accesses to occur much faster.
Glossary
80
EEPROM:
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only
Memory. Used to store modifiable BIOS code. It retains its
contents for 10 years even with no power at all. For PCI bus
machines, EEPROM will allow you to easily upgrade as the
plug and play features are standardized.
EIDE:
Extended Integrated Drive Electronics. The EIDE
specification is an enhanced version of the IDE mass storage
device interface that allows for faster transfer rates and
supports larger hard drive sizes. It supports data rates of
between 4 and 16.6 MB (megabytes) per second, and
supports mass storage devices of up to 8.4 GB, using the
logical block addressing feature to access data faster. EIDE
is sometimes referred to as Fast ATA, or Fast IDE, which is
essentially the same standard. There are four EIDE modes
defined. The most common is Mode 3, which transfer data at
a rate of 11.1 MBps (megabytes per second). Mode 4
supports transfer rates of 16.6 MBps.
EMI:
Electro-Magnetic Interference. Interference in the
integrity of a signal caused by radiation. An example is the
radiation from a fluorescent lamp, which emits a broad
spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including radiation
that may be harmful to a signal not protected by either
shielding or adequate twisting.
ESCD:
Extended System Configuration Data. An area of
BIOS memory that stores configuration data on all on-board
and add-in cards.
Ethernet:
IEEE-standard data link protocol that specifies
how data is placed on and retrieved from a common
transmission medium. Data is broken into packets, which are
then transmitted using the Carrier Sense Multiple Access /
Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) algorithm until they arrive at the
destination without colliding with any other. A node is either
transmitting or receiving at any instant. Bandwidth ~10 Mbps.
Disk-Ethernet-Disk transfer rate with TCP / IP is typically 30
KBps. The cable is a 50 ohm coaxial cable with multiple
shielding. Forms the underlying transport vehicle used by
several upper-level protocols, including TCP/IP and XNS.
Expansion Slot:
An integrated socket on the computer's
main system circuit board allowing new capabilities to be
added the computer. The boards inserted into the expansion
slots are called expansion boards, expansion cards, add-ins,
and add-ons. Expansion slots for PCs come in two basic
sizes: half-and full-size. Half-size slots are also called 8-bit
slots because they can transfer 8 bits at a time. Full-size slots
are sometimes called 16-bit or 32-bit slots.
Failback:
The process of returning control of some or all of
the same (failover) customer resources to the original server
after it has been returned to a working condition.
Failover:
The process of transferring control of all customer
resources, software applications, disk data, print spooler,
etc., from the primary server to a surviving server because of
a hardware or software system crash.
Fault Tolerance:
Designed into disk array subsystems to
maintain data integrity and data availability before, during,
and after a failure. Fault tolerance implies that any
component in a subsystem can fail and the subsystem will
remain operational. In addition to the disks in any array
subsystem, the cabling, controllers, adapters and power
supplies can have redundant capabilities.
FDDI:
Fiber Distributed Data Interface. A 100 Mbps, Megbits
per second, standard LAN architecture. The underlying
medium is fiber-optic cable (though it can be copper cable, in
which case it may be called CDDI) and the topology is a dualattached, counter-rotating token ring.
Fiber Optic Cable:
A transmission medium that uses glass
or plastic fibers, rather than copper wire, to transport data or
voice signals. The signal is imposed on the fibers via pulses
(modulation) of light from a laser or a light-emitting diode
(LED). Because of its high bandwidth and lack of
susceptibility to interference, fiber-optic cable is used in longhaul or noisy applications. FDDI rings are normally
constructed in the form of a "dual ring of trees". A small
number of devices, typically infrastructure devices such as
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routers and concentrators rather than host computers, are
connected to both rings. Host computers are then connected
as single-attached devices to the routers or concentrators.
The whole dual ring is typically contained within a computer
room.
Firewire:
Officially called IEEE 1394, firewire is a new, very
fast external bus standard that supports data transfer rates of
up to 400Mbps (400 million bits per second). A single firewire
port can be used to connect up to 63 external devices. In
addition to its high speed, firewire also supports isochronous
data-delivering data at a guaranteed rate. This makes it ideal
for devices that need to transfer high levels of data in realtime, such as video devices. Although extremely fast and
flexible, firewire is also much more expensive than a
competing external bus standard called Universal Serial Bus
(USB). Like USB, firewire supports both Plug-and-Play and
hot plugging.
Floppy Disk:
A 3.5 inch removable storage medium used for
storing programs and files externally from the computer
system.
Format:
A process that prepares a disk to hold data. For
hard disks, there are two formatting processes: low-level and
high-level.
FPM DRAM:
Fast Page Mode Dynamic Random Access
Memory. Most computers in use today use FPM DRAM. If the
data needed is in the same row as the previous data, the
memory controller does not have to repeat the row location; it
only needs to indicate the next column location. Using FPM
memory is like reading a dictionary. As long as the word you
want is on the same "page," it will be easy to scroll down the
list and find the definition; but when you have to flip pages, it
takes a little longer to find what you want.
FULL SCSI:
A SCSI solution that includes BIOS and support
software to provide boot capability for hard disk drives,
support for drives larger than 1 B, and full compatibility with
removable media products (hard drives, optical drives, tape
drives, and Floptical drives).
FRU:
Field Replacement Unit.
Gateway:
A device that can interconnect networks with
different, incompatible communications protocols. The
gateway performs a layer-7 protocol-conversion to translate
one set of protocols to another. A gateway operates at Open
Systems Interconnection (OSI) layers up through the Session
Layer.
Hard Disk:
An internal or external, high-capacity, highstorage medium. Most hard disks are permanently connected
to the drive (fixed disks).
Hertz (Hz):
A unit of frequency equal to one cycle per
second.
Hot Plugging:
The ability to add and remove devices to a
computer while the computer is running and have the
operating system automatically recognize the change. Two
new external bus standards-Universal Serial Bus (USB) and
firewire-support hot plugging.
I / O Port:
A connector that allows external and some internal
peripherals to communicate with the computer system (i.e.,
serial ports and parallel ports).
I / O:
Input / Output. A generic term that refers to the devices
and processes involved in the computer's reading and writing
data.
IDE:
Integrated Drive Electronics. A protocol and circuitry for
communication between a computer and a Hard Drive.
Currently the most popular type of hard drive used in PCs. A
standard IDE adapter can handle a maximum of two hard
drives total.
Integrated Circuit:
An electronic device that combines
thousands of transistors on a small chip of silicon or other
semiconductor. Such devices are the building blocks of
computers.
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82
Interface:
The connection between you and the computer, or
between the computer and peripheral devices.
ISA:
Industry Standard Architecture. The standard bus
interface that was implemented in the IBM AT.
Isochronous:
Equal in duration; Characterized by, or
occurring at, equal intervals of time.
Joystick:
This input device plugs into the game/midi port and
allows you to control elements of some computer games.
Especially beneficial with flight simulators and some action/
adventure games.
Jumper:
On a printed circuit board, a patch cable or wire
used to establish a circuit.
LAN:
Local Area Network. LANs are data communications
networks which are geographically limited, allowing easy
interconnection of terminals, microprocessors, and
computers within adjacent buildings.
LBA:
Logical Block Addressing. Allows the system to
address from 504 MB to 8.4 Gigabytes on the IDE hard drive.
LVDS:
Low-Voltage Differential Signal.
MAU:
In a Token Ring network, a device to attach multiple
network stations in a star topology, internally wired to connect
the stations into a logical ring. The MAUs contains relays to
short out nonoperating stations. Multiple Mass can be
connected into a larger ring through their Ring In / Ring Out
connectors.
MBps:
Megabytes per second.
Megahertz (MHz):
A frequency of 1 million cycles per
second.
Memory:
Devices used to hold information and programs
while they are being accessed by the microprocessor. Also
see, RAM, ROM, Hard Disk, Floppy Disc, and Removable
Storage.
Microprocessor:
An integrated circuit that contains the
circuits the computer needs to calculate and to communicate
with the other parts of the system. Also see, CPU.
MIDI:
Musical Instrument Digital Interface. A hardware
specification and protocol used to communicate note and
effect information between synthesizers, computers,
keyboards, controllers and other electronic music devices.
Mirroring:
Also, known as RAID 1 or duplexing (when using
duplicating all data from a primary disk on a secondary disk.
The overhead of requiring 100 percent data duplication can
be costly when using more than two drives. Also see, "Disk
Mirroring."
MMX:
Multimedia Extensions. A Pentium processor with 57
new instructions onboard to accelerate multimedia and
communications applications. Running MMX technology
encoded software on a Pentium processor with MMX
technology improves the speed and smoothness of audio and
video playback, image processing and 3D rendering by more
than 60 percent. Current software (not enhanced with MMX
technology) runs 10-20 percent faster on a Pentium
processor with MMX technology.
Modem:
Modulator/Demodulator. A device designed to allow
computers to communicate over standard phone lines.
MPEG:
Moving Pictures Expert Group. Audio/Video
technology that allows for better than VHS quality video and
almost CD quality audio by utilizing advanced compression
techniques.
Non-Volatile Memory:
Memory that is maintained even
when power is not on.
On-Board Floppy:
A floppy disk drive controller that is
incorporated into the system board.
Open:
A circuit that is not complete. Usually accomplished by
removing a jumper from two pins on the system board or a
peripheral card. Also see "Closed" and "Jumper."
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83
Operating System:
The software that provides a link
between application programs and the computer hardware
(i.e., disks, memory).
OSI:
Open Systems Interconnection, OSI is the umbrella
name for a series of non-proprietary protocols and
specifications, used with a system of networked computers.
The OSI architecture is split between seven layers, from
lowest to highest:
1. Physical layer: this layer determines how signals are
transmitted on the network cabling.
2. Data Link: incorporates the logical link (LLC) and media
access control (MAC) sub layers. The data link layer
transmits data grouped into frames using the Ethernet or
Token ring access methods.
3. Network layer: handles the routing of data in packets
using the networking protocols.
4. Transport layer: ensures error free data transmissions.
5. Session layer: establishes and maintains connections
between nodes according to the appropriate protocol.
6. Presentation layer: handles data encoding and formatting;
provides data compression.
7. Application layer: provides the means for application
processes to use the network services; the interface to
user database, file and E-Mail software often implemented
with API's (application programming interfaces).
Each OSI layer uses the layer immediately below it and
provides a service to the layer above.
PCI:
Peripheral Component Interface. A form of local bus
architecture that provides high-speed interconnection without
directly interfacing with the processor.
Page:
Sections of memory consisting of sets of consecutive
bytes. Pages begin on 4-KB boundaries.
Peripheral:
Any device that is connected to the computer
system (i.e., printers, keyboard, plotters, etc.).
Peripheral Card:
A printed circuit board that gives the
computer added capability, such as more memory or control
of a new device. A card plugs into one of the expansion slots
located on the system board.
Pin:
Any of the leads on a device, such as an integrated
circuit, that plug into a socket and connect to a system.
PnP:
Plug-and-Play. Refers to the ability of a computer
system to automatically configure expansion boards and
other devices. The technology developed by Microsoft and
Intel that supports plug-and-play installation. PnP is built into
the Windows 95 operating system, but to use it, the
computer's BIOS and expansion boards must also support
PnP. This is changing, as IBM PC manufacturers adopt the
new PnP specifications.
POST:
Post On Self Test. Check-out procedures that the
BIOS runs automatically when the system is turned on.
These procedures verify that all computer hardware is
functioning properly. If the test detects problems, the
computer displays error codes before (or instead of) starting
the operating system. The error codes can help a service
person determine what is wrong with the computer.
Protocol:
A set of formal rules describing how to transmit
data, especially across a network. Low level protocols define
the electrical and physical standards to be observed, bit- and
byte-ordering, the transmission, error detection, and
correction of the bit stream. High level protocols deal with the
data formatting, including the syntax of messages, the
terminal to computer dialogue, character sets, sequencing of
messages, etc.
RAID:
Redundant Array of Independent Drives. A technology
using a software or hardware controller with several disk
drives to allow varying degrees of either increased
performance and/or data integrity by combining several hard
disk drives. RAID configuration is typically used on a network
file server. Levels of redundancy or data security are
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84
dependent on the number of drives in the array, as well as
the way the data is stored across the drives.
RAM:
Random-Access Memory. The type of computer
memory that can be used to store information while a
program is running. RAM consists of a number of small
integrated circuits that are plugged into the system board or
an external memory card.
Removable Storage:
These devices allow you to store large
quantities of data. These devices far exceed the storage
capabilities of floppy disks.
RISC:
Reduced Instruction Set Chip. A processor whose
design is based on the rapid execution of a sequence of
simple instructions rather than on the provision of a large
variety of complex instructions. Also see, CISC.
ROM:
Read Only Memory. The type of computer memory
that is used to permanently store the information vital to
computer operation, including some parts of the operating
system. ROM is permanent and the contents will not be lost
when power to the computer is turned off.
Scalability:
The ability to expand. Implies minimal change in
current procedures in order to accommodate growth. When
using "Cluster-aware" application software allows any
Application Programming Interface to do dynamic load
balancing and scale across multiple servers within a cluster.
SCSI:
Small Computer System Interface. A processorindependent standard for system-level interfacing between a
computer and intelligent devices, such as hard disks, floppy
disks, CD-ROM, printers, scanners, and others. SCSI can
connect up to seven devices to a single controller (or "host
adapter") on the computer's bus.
SDRAM:
Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.
This is a form of DRAM which adds a separate clock signal to
the control signals. These chips can contain more complex
state machines, allowing them to support "burst" access
modes that clock out a series of successive bits.
Setup Program:
Used to inform the computer about installed
peripheral, memory, configuration information, date and time,
etc.
Shadow RAM:
A method of copying BIOS routines from
slower ROM chips to much faster RAM, increasing system
performance.
SPD:
Serial Presence Detect. A region of non-volatile
memory on the memory module that holds configuration
information about the module.
SRAM:
Static Random Access Memory. Does not require
periodic refreshing that dynamic memory requires.
Striping:
A process that combines multiple areas of disk
space into one large logical drive. Data is distributed evenly
over drives in a stripe set. All drives in a stripe set work to
perform the same functions done by a single drive in a
normal configuration. Allows concurrent I/O. Striping requires
at least two drives. A process of spreading data evenly over
multiple-disk drives to enhance performance. Data striping
can be performed on a bit, byte, or block basis for optimum
application performance. Refer to RAID.
SVGA:
Super Video Graphics Array. A set of graphic
standards designed to offer greater resolution than VGA.
There are several varieties of SVGA, each providing a
different resolution: 800 x 600 pixels, 1024 x 768 pixels, 1280
x 1024 pixels, 1600 x 1200 pixels. SVGA standards can
support up to a palette of 16 million colors, but the number of
colors that can be displayed is limited by the amount of video
memory installed in a system. The base resolution for this
standard is 640x480 pixels, with a color pallet of 256 colors.
System Board:
The large printed-circuit board in a computer
on which most electronic devices are mounted; the primary
board in a computer. All other interfaces receive control
signals or information from the system board. Also commonly
referred to as the "mainboard" or "motherboard."
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85
System:
The assembly of basic components (i.e., power
supply, motherboard, memory, video monitor, etc.) united by
some form of communication to form an organized whole.
System Unit:
The description for the computer case and all
internal components (i.e., the system board, expansion
cards, disk drives, power supply, etc.).
Tera:
Trillion (T). Computer specifications refer to the precise
value 1,099,511,627,776.
Terabyte:
One trillion bytes. Also, TB, Tbyte and T-byte.
UPS:
Uninterruptable Power Supply. A device that supplies
temporary power to the computer when the Local
Commercial power is interrupted, allows time to save the
data files, close applications that are open, and turn AC
power OFF normally, without losing data.
USB:
Universal Serial Bus. A new external bus standard that
supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps (12 million bits per
second). A single USB port can be used to connect up to 127
peripheral devices, such as mice, modems and keyboards.
USB also supports Plug-and-Play installation and hot
plugging.
VGA:
Video Graphics Array. The most widely accepted
graphics hardware standard and the lowest common
denominator for all graphics cards and monitors
manufactured to date.
Wait State:
A delay in the computer's information processing
cycle caused by a difference in speed between a faster
processor and slower memory. A 0-wait state means the
processor does not have to "wait" for memory, and can
access data as fast as needed.
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