Micronics M4Pi User Manual

M4Pi PCI/ISA
System Board Manual
.
M4Pi PCI/ISA
System Board Manual
Document Number: 06-00209-03, Rev. 3A
221 Warren Ave., Fremont, CA 94539-7085
November 1995
Copyright Notices
Micronics Computers, Inc.
Micronics reserves the right to make improvements to this document and/or product at any time and without notice.
All Rights Reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, repro­duced, translated, or reduced to any medium or machine form without prior, written consent from Micronics.
COPYRIGHT (C) 1995, Micronics Computers, Inc.
Portions of the Manual
Portions of this manual were copied (with permission) from Phoenix Tech­nologies, Ltd.
Trademarks
IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines. Microsoft, Microsoft Word, Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corpora­tion. Intel and PCI are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T Corporation. Lotus 1-2-3 is a registered trademark of Lotus Development Corp. All other product names mentioned herein are used for identification purposes only and may be the trademarks of their respective companies.
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Micronics Quick Installation
We know that many experienced people prefer to read as little of the documen­tation as possible. If this sounds like you, here’s the short form:
1. Make backup copies of your installation and configuration diskettes.
2. Ground yourself to prevent damaging static discharge, then remove the M4Pi from its packaging.
3. Configure and verify the system board’s jumper settings. (See Jumper Settings in Chapter 2)
4. Install the CPU and the system memory (Chapter 3).
5. Install the system board into the chassis and make all necessary case connections.
6. Install any peripherals (Chapter 3).
7. Turn the computer on and press the <F2> key when you see the screen below:
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8. Set the time and date. Adjust the BIOS settings to match your configuration. If installing an IDE drive, select the IDE device you wish to configure. Press <Enter> with Autotype Fixed Disk selected and the BIOS will automatically configure the drive for you. (See Chapter 4)
9. After you have configured the Main Setup menu, make any desired setting configurations in the Advanced and Security menu. When finished, go to the exit screen, select “Save Changes and Exit,” and you are finished with the BIOS configuration (Chapter 4). The system is ready to be loaded with software and used.
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Contents

Introduction ......................................................................1-1
Features ..................................................................................... 1-2
Software Compatibility ............................................................... 1-2
Configuring the M4Pi ....................................................... 2-1
Static Electricity .......................................................................... 2-1
Office Environment ..................................................................... 2-1
M4Pi Components ..................................................................... 2-2
Jumper Settings .......................................................................... 2-3
Installing the M4Pi, System Memory, CPUs, and
Peripherals ........................................................................3-1
Installation of the M4Pi ............................................................... 3-2
T ools Required......................................................................................... 3-2
Equipment Required................................................................................. 3-2
System Memory ......................................................................... 3-3
SIMMs Supported ................................................................................... 3-3
Memory Configurations........................................................................... 3-3
Installing the SIMMs............................................................................... 3-4
Removing SIMMs.................................................................................... 3-4
Installing a CPU.......................................................................... 3-5
Installing 256K of Cache Memory .............................................. 3-6
Installing a PCI Peripheral Card .................................................. 3-7
Installing an ISA Peripheral Card ................................................ 3-8
The BIOS Setup Utility...................................................... 4-1
Configuration .............................................................................. 4-1
Initial Boot Up ............................................................................ 4-1
Setup ......................................................................................... 4-2
Running the Setup Procedure ...................................................... 4-3
Setting the Main Screen .............................................................. 4-3
System Time and Date ............................................................................. 4-3
Diskette A or B ........................................................................................ 4-4
IDE Devices (Hard Disk Setup)................................................................ 4-4
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V ideo Sy stem ...........................................................................................4-6
Video BIOS............................................................................................... 4-6
Boot Options Submenu ........................................................................... 4-6
Cache ....................................................................................................... 4-7
System Memory....................................................................................... 4-7
Extended Memory.................................................................................... 4-7
Setting the Advanced Screen ...................................................... 4-8
Integrated Peripherals Submenu .............................................................. 4-9
Plug and Play O/S .................................................................................. 4-10
Large Disk Access Mode ...................................................................... 4-10
Security Screen ...................................................................................... 4-11
Supervisor Password is ......................................................................... 4-11
User Password is ................................................................................... 4-11
Set Supervisor Password ....................................................................... 4-11
Set User Password ................................................................................. 4-12
Password on Boot .................................................................................. 4-12
Diskette Access..................................................................................... 4-12
Fixed Disk Boot Sector........................................................................... 4-13
Exit Screen ............................................................................... 4-16
POST Messages .............................................................. A-1
Beep and POST Codes ................................................... B-1
Hard Disk Drive Types..................................................... C-1
Specifications .................................................................. D-1
Environmental Specifications .......................................................D-2
T emperature Range ................................................................................. D-2
Relative Humidity ........................................................................D-2
Battery Disposal .........................................................................D-3
FCC W arning Statement ............................................................. F-1
Glossary .....................................................................................G-1
Limited W arranty .......................................................................W-1
Non-W arranty Service...............................................................W-2
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List of Figures
Figure 2-1: M4Pi System Board ...................................................................... 2-2
Figure 3-1: Installing a 72-Pin SIMM.............................................................. 3-4
Figure 3-2: Installing a CPU............................................................................ 3-5
Figure 3-3: Upgrading to 256K of External Cache........................................... 3-6
Figure 3-4: Installing an PCI Card................................................................... 3-7
Figure 3-5: Installing an ISA Card .................................................................. 3-8
Figure 4-1: Power-Up Screen .......................................................................... 4-2
Figure 4-2: CMOS Main Screen...................................................................... 4-3
Figure 4-3: IDE Device Submenu.................................................................... 4-4
Figure 4-4: Boot Options Submenu ................................................................ 4-6
Figure 4-5: Advanced Screen ......................................................................... 4-8
Figure 4-6: Integrated Peripherals Submenu................................................... 4-9
Figure 4-7: Security Setup Screen ................................................................ 4-11
Figure 4-8: Supervisor Password Screen ...................................................... 4-12
Figure 4-9: Power Screen .............................................................................. 4-14
Figure 4-9: Exit Screen .................................................................................. 4-16
List of Tables
T able 2-1: CPU Selection ................................................................................ 2-3
T able 2-2: External Cache Size Selection ......................................................... 2-3
T able 2-3: Monitor Selection .......................................................................... 2-3
T able 2-4: PCI IDE Selection........................................................................... 2-3
T able 2-5: PCI IDE IRQ Selection.................................................................... 2-4
T able 2-6: Parallel Port DMA Channel Selection ............................................ 2-4
T able 2-7: Parallel Port IRQ Selection ............................................................. 2-4
T able 2-8: DIP Switch Settings ....................................................................... 2-5
T able 2-9: Reserved Jumper Settings.............................................................. 2-5
T able 2-10: Case and Peripheral Connections ................................................ 2-6
T able 3-1: Common Memory Configurations.................................................. 3-3
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Introduction
1
The M4Pi is an integrated system board featuring PCI Local Bus architecture and a Mode 3 IDE controller. The PCI architecture pro­vides high performance for Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) and peripherals which perform high speed data transfers, such as disks and multimedia. It will make an excellent foundation for an advanced personal computer or workstation.
The Micronics M4Pi system board represents Micronics' continuing commitment to the PCI architecture. The M4Pi has been successfully satisfying the most demanding of users for over a year. The latest revision features Phoenix 4.04 BIOS and advanced power management.
The M4Pi's advanced power management features makes it a "Green Board" which means it adheres to the Environmental Protection Agency's strict Energy Star efficiency guidelines. See Chapter 4 for information and instructions on how to set up the "Green Section" of the BIOS.
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Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual
Features
m Intel Saturn Chipset.
m Baby AT size system board (13.25" X 8.5"). m L2 Buffer Write-back cache support (128K or 256K). m Supports up to 128MB of on-board system memory. m Two PCI, five 16-bit ISA, and one shared slot. m PCI Mode 3 IDE controller (supports two drives). m Secondary ISA IDE controller (supports two drives). m Floppy controller (2.88MB, 1.44MB, 1.2MB, 720K, and 360K floppy
drives).
m Two high speed NS16550 compatible serial ports. m Bi-directional parallel port which is EPP and ECP compatible. m Upgradeable Phoenix Flash BIOS. m Supports the following processors:
- 486DX, 33MHz.
- 486DX2, 50 or 66MHz.
- 486DX4, 75 or 100MHz.
- Intel Pentium Overdrive processor.
Software Compatibility
The M4Pi system board has been thoroughly tested for compatibility with a variety of operating systems and environments, including:
m Windows, Windows NT, and Windows 95. m OS/2. m SCO UNIX and Open Desktop. m Novell Netware. m MS-DOS and PC-DOS.
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Configuring the M4Pi

2
Although the M4Pi system board is packaged in protective materials, it is important to use care while unpacking and setting up.
Static Electricity
The M4Pi is shipped from the factory in an antistatic bag. To reduce the possibility of damage, it is important to neutralize any accumulated static charges on your body before handling the board. The best way to do this is to ground yourself using a special wrist or ankle strap. If you do not have a strap, you should touch both of your hands to a safely grounded object. After you have grounded yourself, ground the M4Pi via the solder pads surrounding one of its mounting holes.
Once the M4Pi is removed from its packaging, place it on top of the antistatic bag. Carefully inspect the board for damage which may have occurred during shipment.
Office Environment
Make sure the finished computer system is in an area with good ventila­tion. The system should not be in direct sunlight, near heaters, or exposed to moisture, dust, or dirt.
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Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual
M4Pi Components
Figure 2-1 M4Pi System Board
Note: The black square indicates pin one of the component or jumper.
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Jumper Settings

Jumper Settings
Table 2-1 lists the jumper settings to select the type of CPU installed.
Jumper Function Setting
J59 Pentium Overdrive
All other CPU’s
J71 486SX
All other CPU’s
J73 SL-Enhanced CPU
All other CPU
J74 SL-Enhanced CPU
All other CPU’s
Table 2-1 CPU Selection
Table 2-2 lists the jumper settings to select the size of the external cache.
open close
2-3 1-2 & 3-4 1-2 & 3-4
2-3
close open
Cache
128K 256K
Jumper J52 2-3 1-2
J58 open close
Table 2-2 External Cache Size Selection
Table 2-3 lists the jumper settings to select the type of monitor installed.
Jumper Function Setting
W5 Colo r monitor (default)
Monochrome monitor
Table 2-3 Monitor Selection
open close
Table 2-4 lists the jumper settings to enable or disable the PCI IDE controller.
Jumper Function Setting
W12 PCI IDE Enabled (default)
PCI IDE Disabled
Table 2-4 PCI IDE Selection
open close
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Table 2-5 lists the jumper settings to set the hard disk controller IRQ’s. Leave the PCI IDE controller set to IRQ14 unless you are using a SCSI controller and need to free up an unnecessary IRQ, or if you want to use the ISA IDE controller as the primary IDE controller.
Jumper Function Setting
W13 Primary IDE uses IRQ14 (default)
Primary IDE uses IRQ15
J19 Secondary IDE uses IRQ15 (default)
Secondary IDE uses IRQ14
Table 2-5 PCI IDE IRQ Selection
1-2 2-3 2-3 1-2
Table 2-6 lists the jumper settings to select the parallel port DMA channel for ECP mode.
DMA Channel
Jumper
None
(default)
DMA1 DMA3
W6 open 1-2 2-3 W7 open 1-2 2-3
Table 2-6 Parallel Por t DMA Channel Selection
Table 2-7 lists the jumper settings to select the parallel port IRQ settings for ECP mode.
Jumper Function Setting
W8 Parallel port does not use IRQ (default)
Parallel port uses IRQ 5 Parallel port uses IRQ 7
J76 Parallel port in Non-ECP mode (default)
Parallel port in ECP mode
Table 2-7 Parallel Port IRQ Selection
open
2-3
1-2 open close
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Jumper Settings
Table 2-8 lists the settings for the M4Pi’s DIP switch.
Switch Function Setting
SW 1 Reserved off SW 2 Reserved off SW 3 Reserved off SW 4 Flash BIOS write protected (default)
Flash BIOS programming enabled
off
on SW 5 PCI IDE card installed on SW 6 33MHz external CPU speed (default)
25MHz external CPU speed
off
on SW 7 Reserved on SW 8 On-board PS/2 mouse uses IRQ12 (PS/2 Version) on
Table 2-8 DIP Switch Settings
Table 2-9 lists reserved jumper settings. Do not reconfigure these jumpers!
Jumper Function Setting
W10 Reserved 1-2
Table 2-9 Reserved Jumper Settings
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Table 2-10 lists the jumper settings for case and peripheral connections.
Jumper Function Notes
J81 PCI IDE Connector Primary J38 ISA IDE Connector Secondary J39 Floppy Connector J22 Parallel Port Connector Can be disabled at the
CMOS configuration screen.
J18 Serial Port (Com1) Can be disabled at the
CMOS configuration screen.
J21 Serial Port (Com 2) Can be disabled at the
CMOS configuration screen. J11 AT Keyboard Connector AT Version only J10 PS/2 Keyboard PS/2 Version only
J7 PS/2 Mouse PS/2 Version only J8 Ext. Keyboard 1- Clock(Keybd), 2-Data,
3-N/C, 4-Ground, 5-VCC
J12 &J22 Power Supply Connector
J54 Hard Disk LED 1-+5V DC, 2-Ground J55 Reset J57 Keylock/Power LED 1-Power; 2-N/C; 3-Ground;
4-Keyboard Lock; 5-Ground J56 Speaker Connector 1-Speaker; 2-N/C;
3-Ground; 4-5V DC J67 Reserved Not installed
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Table 2-10 Case and Peripheral Connections
Installing the M4Pi, System
3
Memory, CPUs, and Peripherals
This section explains how to install the M4Pi system board, SIMMs, CPUs, and peripherals.
Warning: Before installing or removing any peripherals or components, make sure you have a clear work space and that you adhere to all anti-static precautions described on page 2-1. Micronics recommends that only trained technicians operate on the system board. Damage which occurs to the board while adding or removing peripherals or compo­nents may void the warranty.
If problems arise while installing peripherals, contact the computer outlet where you purchased the peripheral or Micronics’ Technical Support Department.
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Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual
Installation of the M4Pi
The installation of the M4Pi system board depends on the type of chassis you use. The M4Pi is an integrated baby AT size system board and can be installed in most chassis.
Prior to installing the M4Pi, make sure you have a clear work space available and adhere to all anti-static precautions.
If you are unfamiliar with installing a system board, Micronics highly recom­mends you read the computer user’s manual or contact your dealer’s technical support department.
Tools Required
Micronics recommends using the following tools to install the M4Pi:
m Small Phillips screwdriver.
m Tweezers or a pair of needle-nose pliers.
m Tray (to hold loose screws).
Equipment Required
Micronics recommends using the following equipment with the M4Pi for a typical configuration:
m Chassis with standard hardware.
m A high quality power supply capable of providing continuous power
within a 5 volt range, plus or minus 5% (eg. 4.75 to 5.25). A power filter may be used with a noisy AC power source.
m AT compatible keyboard (AT Version).
m PS/2 compatible keyboard and mouse (PS/2 Version).
m Eight ohm speaker.
m Standard ribbon cables for internal connections.
m Standard power cord (grounded).
m CPU heat sink.
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Installing System Memory and Add-On Peripherals

System Memory

System memory devices, commonly known as SIMMs (Single Inline Memory Modules), are necessary to operate the M4Pi system board. The M4Pi has four SIMM sockets and can be upgraded to 128 Megabytes of RAM. This section will explain the type of SIMMs supported, list the memory configura­tions supported, and show how to physically install the new SIMMs.
SIMMs Supported
The M4Pi supports the following 72 pin, 60 or 70ns SIMMs:
4MB (1Mx36) 8MB (2Mx36) 16MB (4Mx36) 32MB (8Mx36)
Memory Configurations
The following table (Figure 3-1) lists the most common memory configura­tions supported.
Memory Bank 0 Bank 1
8MB (2) 1MBx36 16MB (2) 1MBx36 (2) 1MBx36 16MB (2) 2MBx36 24MB (2) 2MBx36 (2) 1MBx36 32MB (2) 4MBx36 32MB (2) 2MBx36 (2) 2MBx36 40MB (2) 4MBx36 (2) 1MBx36 48MB (2) 4MBx36 (2) 2MBx36 64MB (2) 8MBx36 64MB (2) 4MBx36 (2) 4MBx36 72MB (2) 8MBx36 (2) 1MBx36 80MB (2) 8MBx36 (2) 2MBx36 96MB (2) 8MBx36 (2) 4MBx36
128MB (2) 8MBx36 (2) 8MBx36
Table 3-1 Common Memory Configurations
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Installing the SIMMs

To install the SIMMs, locate the SIMM sockets on the system board.
Start with bank 0 and perform the following steps to install the SIMMs:
1. Hold the SIMM so that the notched edge is aligned with the notch on the SIMM socket (Figure 3-1).
2. Insert the SIMM at a 45 degree angle.
3. Gently push the SIMM into an upright position until it locks into place (past the release tabs).
Figure 3-1 Installing a 72-Pin SIMM
Removing SIMMs
Perform the following steps to remove SIMMs, if necessary:
1. With both thumbs (or fingers), press the release tabs away from the socket.
2. With the SIMM free from the release tabs, lift the module up and place in an anti-static bag or package.
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Installing System Memory and Add-On Peripherals

Installing a CPU

The M4Pi is specifically designed to support a variety of 486 CPU’s. To install an upgrade processor, perform the following steps:
1. Locate the ZIF socket on the board (Figure 3-2).
2. Lift the lever of the socket.
3. Insert the new processor into the socket. Make sure pin 1 on the CPU lines up with pin 1 on the socket. Refer to Figure 3-2 for pin 1 location.
4. Push the lever down to its original position.
5. Configure the board using the tables in Chapter 2.
The new CPU is now ready to operate. The system board detects the installed CPU after it is inserted and configured.
Figure 3-2 Installing a CPU
Warning: If the new processor includes a heat sink or cooling fan, be certain to install the device according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Failure to provide adequate cooling of the processor may seriously affect system performance or cause permanent damage.
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Installing 256K of Cache Memory
To upgrade to 256K cache, carefully install four 32Kx8-15ns SRAMs into the open SRAM sockets (Figure 3-3). After installing the cache upgrade, refer to Table 2-2 for the correct external cache jumper settings.
Figure 3-3 Upgrading to 256K of External Cache
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Installing System Memory and Add-On Peripherals

Installing a PCI Peripheral Card

Micronics PCI slots accommodate all PCI peripherals which adhere to the PCI
2.0 specifications. Complete the following steps to install a PCI card:
1. Turn the computer system off and remove its cover.
2. Choose an unused PCI slot and remove the slot cover.
3. Insert the card with the bottom edge level to the slot. Never insert
the card at an angle!
4. Carefully push the card straight down, making sure the card is fully inserted.
5. Replace the screw which holds the card into place.
6. Replace the computer cover.
7. Read the card’s manual for additional instructions concerning installation and software drivers.
Figure 3-4 Installing a PCI Card
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Installing an ISA Peripheral Card
Micronics ISA slots accommodate all standard ISA peripherals. Complete the following steps to install a ISA card:
1. Turn the computer system off and remove the cover.
2. Choose an unused ISA slot and remove the slot cover.
3. Insert the card with the bottom edge level to the slot. Never insert
the card at an angle!
4. Carefully push the card straight down, making sure the card is fully inserted.
5. Replace the screw which holds the card into place.
6. Replace the cover.
7. Read the card’s manual for additional instructions concerning installation and software drivers.
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Figure 3-5 Installing a ISA Card
4The BIOS Setup Utility
Configuration
After the M4Pi system board and all hardware is installed, the system is ready for configuration. Before turning on the computer, make sure all cables are correctly connected and all jumpers are correctly set.
It is recommended you keep the computer cover off the first time you boot the system. If you have any difficulties, they will be easier to correct.
Initial Boot Up
Power up the M4Pi. If the system doesn’t properly boot, check all your cables and peripherals for bad connections. You may also get beep codes or error messages. If this occurs, consult Appendices A and/or B for a guide to possible solutions.
After the system properly boots, it is ready to be configured. The following pages explain the proper procedures for BIOS configuration.
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Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual

Setup

The Setup program is used to configure the computer’s BIOS (Basic Input/ Output System). The computer’s BIOS is responsible for configuring the system board and providing hardware information to the operating system. In order for the computer to run properly, run the Setup procedure after first installing the system board and whenever you make a hardware change to the system.
After the system is turned on and goes through a memory test, the Power-Up Screen (Figure 4-1) will appear on your monitor:
Figure 4-1 Power-Up Screen
When “Press <F2> to enter SETUP” appears at the bottom of the screen, press the <F2> key to begin the Setup procedure. The CMOS Main Screen (Figure 4-2) should appear and the prompt should be on the time line. The Setup procedure can only be activated during the boot sequence.
4-2
The BIOS Setup Utility
Running the Setup Procedure
The M4Pi system board has four primary CMOS configuration screens: the Main Screen (Figure 4-2), the Advanced Screen (Figure 4-8), the Security Screen (Figure 4-10), and the Exit Screen (Figure 4-12). To toggle between the screens, press the right arrow <> and the left arrow < > keys.
Setting the Main Screen
The CMOS Main Screen (Figure 4-2) is used to set the time and date, to set the floppy drive types, to configure the hard disks, and to configure the video. This section explains how to configure each of these categories. To move between the categories, use the up arrow <> and the down arrow <>.
Figure 4-2 CMOS Main Screen
System Time and Date
To set the time, use the <-> key to decrease the number and the <+> key to increase the number. To move the prompt forward, use the <Tab> key; to move the prompt backward, use the <Shift-Tab> key. To set the date, use the
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Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual
up and down arrows</> to highlight the System Date and follow the same procedure used to set the time.
Diskette A or B
To configure a floppy drive added to or removed from your computer, use the up and down arrow keys </> to select the drive you wish to set. Use the <+/-> keys to change the setting until it matches the floppy drive you have installed. The BIOS supports 2.88MB, 1.44MB, 1.2MB, 720KB, and 360KB floppy drives.
IDE Devices (Hard Disk Setup)
If you are setting up a SCSI hard disk, you will need to select None in the IDE Device parameters (see your SCSI card manual for more details).
To install an IDE device, select the device you wish to configure and press <Enter>. An IDE Device submenu will appear. (Figure 4-3).
Figure 4-3 IDE Device Submenu
Autotype Fixed Disk
The easiest way to set your IDE devices is to let the BIOS do it for you. When the IDE Device submenu first appears, the Autotype Fixed Disk selection will be highlighted. Simply press <Enter>, and the remaining information will automatically be entered.
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The BIOS Setup Utility
Do not adjust the rest of the settings unless absolutely necessary. The BIOS will automatically enter the correct settings.
Type
This category selects the drive type installed in the system. The options are 1­39, User, and none. It is doubtful you will find your drive in 1-39.
If Autotype Fixed Disk does not find your drive’s parameters, you will need to fill this information in manually under the User category. This information may be in the manual that came with your system. If not, contact your dealer or the hard drive manufacturer to fill in this category.
If you are using a SCSI hard drive, select None and refer the documentation which came with the SCSI adapter.
Multiple-Sector T ransfers
This category determines the number of sectors per block for multiple sector transfers. The options are Disabled (default), 2 Sectors, 4 Sectors, 8 Sectors, and 16 Sectors. If you used Autotype Fixed Disk, this section will automati­cally be filled in.
LBA Mode Control
Enable LBA (Logical Block Addressing) to support IDE drives larger than 528MB in size. The default setting is Disabled.
32-Bit I/O
This category allows the user to enable the 32-bit I/O function of the PCI IDE controller. Select Disabled if your drive will not run at this speed. The default setting is Enabled. This option is not available on ISA IDE Adapter 1.
T ransfer Mode
This category provide the transfer modes for the PCI IDE controller. The options are Fast PIO 3, Fast PIO 2, Fast PIO 1, and Standard (default).
Fast PIO 3 is equivalent to Mode 3 supporting a minimum cycle time of 180ns (11.1 MB/sec.). Fast PIO 2 supports a minimum cycle time of 240ns (8.33 MB/sec.). Fast PIO 1 supports a minimum cycle time of 383ns (5.22 MB/ sec.). Standard supports a minimum cycle time of 600ns (3.3 MB/sec.).
See your drive specifications before setting this category. This option is not
available on ISA IDE Adapter 1.
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Video System
This sets the type of video board installed into the system. You may choose from: EGA/VGA (default), CGA 80x25, MONO, and Not Installed.
Video BIOS
The Video BIOS Option allows you to Shadow, Shadow & Cache, or Disable the BIOS Shadow on the system board. Choosing SHADOWED copies the system’s video BIOS into RAM for faster execution. Choosing SHADOWED & CACHED caches the shadowed video BIOS for even higher performance.
Boot Options Submenu
Move the prompt to Boot Sequence and press <Enter>. The following screen (Figure 4-4) will appear.
Figure 4-4 Boot Options Submenu
Boot Sequence
This category selects the order the system searches for a boot disk and can be set for: A: then C: C: then A: C: only
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The BIOS Setup Utility
SETUP Prompt
When enabled, this category allows the system to display the “Press <F2> to enter SETUP” message during boot.
Post Errors
When enabled, this category allows the system to display the “Press <F1> to resume, <F2> to SETUP” and pause if errors occur during boot. If disabled, the system will ignore any errors and will always attempt to boot.
Floppy Check
When enabled, this category verifies the floppy drive is installed on boot. For faster booting, select DISABLED.
Numlock
Setting this to Enabled will activate Numlock upon boot. Setting this to Auto will activate Numlock if the BIOS detects a numeric keyboard. It may also be disabled.
Cache
This category allows you to enable both the internal and the external cache, enable the internal cache only, or disable both caches. For optimal perfor­mance, select Both.
System Memory
The System Memory category identifies the size of the base memory. It cannot be changed.
Extended Memory
The Extended Memory category automatically detects the amount of memory installed above the amount in the System Memory category. Because the BIOS automatically calculates the amount of memory installed in your system, you cannot change this category without adding or removing memory.
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Setting the Advanced Screen
To move to the Advanced Screen, use the left and right arrow keys <←/→> keys until you see the screen below (Figure 4-5).
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Figure 4-5 Advanced Screen
The BIOS Setup Utility
Integrated Peripherals Submenu
The Integrated Peripherals submenu (Figure 4-6) allows you to individually enable or modify the drives, I/O ports, and other settings. Use the up and down arrow keys </> to select a category and the plus and minus keys <+/­> to change the settings.
Figure 4-6 Integrated Peripherals Submenu
Serial Port A
Serial Port A may be set for COM1 (default), COM3, or may be disabled.
Serial Port B
Serial Port B may be set for COM2 (default), COM4, or may be disabled.
Parallel Port
The parallel port may be set for LPT1 (default), LPT2, or may be disabled.
Parallel Port Mode
The parallel port may be set for output mode (AT) (default), bidirectional mode (PS/2), or may be disabled.
Diskette Controller
The on board floppy disk controller may be enabled or disabled.
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ISA IDE Controller
The secondary ISA IDE controller may be enabled or disabled.
PCI IDE Controller
The on board PCI IDE controller may be enabled or disabled.
Plug and Play O/S
This category, when enabled, allows the system to work with Windows 95. The default setting is disabled.
Large Disk Access Mode
If you are using the DOS operating system, set this to DOS. If you are using anything else, set this to OTHER.
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The BIOS Setup Utility

Security Screen

The Security Screen (Figure 4-7) controls access to the computer. The security screen allows for settings of two passwords. The Supervisor Pass­word allows access to the system and Setup. The User Password will allow access to the system, but not to all Setup features.
Figure 4-7 Security Setup Screen
Supervisor Password is
If a Supervisor Password has been set up for the system, it will read “Supervi­sor Password is ENABLED.” If the password has not been set up, it will be disabled (default).
User Password is
If a User Password has been set up for the system, it will read “User Password is ENABLED.” If the password has not been set up, it will be disabled (default).
Set Supervisor Password
Press the <Enter> key to enter the Supervisor Password submenu (Figure 4-8).
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Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual
Figure 4-8 Supervisor Password Submenu
Type the password and press the <Enter> key. Retype the password and press the <Enter> key again. Write down the password somewhere safe so it will not be forgotten. The password may be disabled by setting the new password to nothing (pressing the <Enter> key without first typing a password).
Warning: If you forget the Supervisor Password, it cannot be disabled without dis­charging the CMOS.
Set User Password
Follow the same procedure used to set the Supervisor Password.
Note: When a password has been entered, it is saved immediately. All other changes may still be discarded (see Exit Scr een).
Password on Boot
When enabled, the system will require a password to be entered upon boot. Either the Supervisor or User Password may be entered.
Diskette Access
4-12
The BIOS Setup Utility
This category allows floppy disk access with an option of the supervisor or user. Selecting Supervisor will give floppy disk access to the supervisor only. Selecting User (default) will give floppy disk access to both the user and the supervisor. If the passwords are enabled, this option may only be changed by the supervisor.
Fixed Disk Boot Sector
This category allows the boot sector of the fixed disk to be write protected. The default setting is Normal. When set for Write Protect, it serves as a form of virus protection. If the passwords are enabled, this option may only be changed by the supervisor.
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Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual

Power Screen

The Power Screen controls the power management functions or the “Green Section” of the system. To move to the Advanced Screen, use the left and right arrow keys <←/→> keys until you see the screen below (Figure 4-9) .
Figure 4-9 Power Screen
APM
When enabled the power management features are active. The default setting is Disabled. If you enable this category, you must also set the other power management options below.
Power Management Mode
This category may be set for Maximum Power Savings, Medium Power Savings, Minimum Power Savings, Customized, or Disabled (default). If you set this category for Maximum, Medium, or Minimum power savings, you do not need to make any more adjustments. If you select Customized, you must set the following five categories.
Standby Timeout
The Standby Timeout category sets the amount of time that elapses for the system to enter the power saving mode. The options are Disabled (default), 1
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The BIOS Setup Utility
min., 15 min., 30 min., 45 min., 60 min., 2 hr., 3 hr., or 4 hr.. Before making changes, “Customized” must be selected in the Power Management Mode category.
Suspend Timeout
The Suspend Timeout category sets the amount of time that elapses for the system to enter the Suspend Mode. The timer starts when the Standby Mode is activated. The options are Disabled (default), 1 min., 15 min., 30 min., 45 min., 60 min., 2 hr., 3 hr., and 4 hr.. Before making changes, “Customized” must be selected in the Power Management Mode category.
Standby CPU Speed
This category is used to set the CPU speed during power saving mode. The options are Maximum, Medium, Minimum, and Slowest (default). Before making changes, “Customized” must be selected in the Power Management Mode category.
Fixed Disk Timeout
This category is used to set the amount of time which must elapse before the IDE drive enters spin-down mode to conserve power. The options are Disabled (default), 1 min., 2 min., 5 min., 10 min., or 15 min. Before making changes, “Customized” must be selected in the Power Management Mode category.
Note: Do not enable this category unless your IDE drive supports spin-down mode.
CRT Standby
Selecting Enabled will power down the display while the system is in power saving mode. The default setting is disabled. Before making changes, “Customized” must be selected in the Power Management Mode category.
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Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual

Exit Screen

After you have completed configuring the BIOS, select the Exit Screen (Figure 4-10).
Figure 4-10 Exit Screen
Choose “Save Changes and Exit” and reboot the computer. The computer is ready for use.
4-16
A

POST Messages

The following table lists the Power On Self Test (POST) messages, possible causes, and solutions.
Message Possible Cause Solution
DISKETTE DRIVE A FAILURE
DISKETTE DRIVE B FAILURE
EXTENDED RAM FAILED AT OFFSET: nnnn
FAILING BITS: nnnn
Drive A failed or is missing.
Drive B failed or is missing.
Extended memory not working or configured properly.
Memory failure in System, Extended, or Shadow memory.
Check Setup and cable connections.
Check Setup and cable connections.
Replace defective memory.
Replace defective memory.
FIXED DISK X FAILURE (where X =0 or 1)
FIXED DISK CONTROLLER FAILURE
INCORRECT DRI VE A TYPE
INCORRECT DRI VE B TYPE
INVAL ID NVRAM MEDIA TYPE
KEYBOARD ERROR, or KEYBOARD CONTROLLER ERROR
KEYBOARD ERROR nn
KEYBOARD LOCKED
The hard disk is not configured or working properly.
The controller card has failed.
Floppy drive A: not set correctly in Setup.
Floppy drive A: not set correctly in Setup.
NVRAM chip is bad. Requires repair of system
The keyboard or keyboard controller failed.
A key is jammed or was held down during boot.
Keyswitch on the front of the case is locked.
Rerun SETUP and check connections, or replace hard disk.
Check configuration and connections, or replace controller card.
Run Setup.
Run Setup.
board. Check connections. You
may have to replace the keyboard or controller.
Make sure the keys are not jammed or dirty.
Unlock the keyswitch.
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Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual
Message Possible Cause Solution
MONITOR TYPE DOES NOT MATCH CMOS
Monitor type not correctly identified in Setup.
Run Setup and enter correct monitor type.
OPERATING SYSTEM NOT FOUND
PARITY CHECK 1 nnnn
PARITY CHECK 2 nnnn
PREVIOUS BOOT INCOMPLETE ­DEFAULT CONFIGURATION USED
REAL TIME CLOCK ERROR
SHADOW RAM FAILED AT OFFSET
SYSTEM BATTERY IS DEAD
Operating system cannot be located on Drive C: or Drive A:
Check Setup to see if Drive A: and C: are properly configured, or put a bootable disk in Drive A:
Parity error found in the system bus.
Parity error found in the I/O bus.
Previous POST did not complete successfu ll y.
Check Setup. Board repair may be required.
Check Setup. Board repair may be required.
Run Setup, load default BIOS settings, make any necessary adjustments, and save the changes
Real-time clock failed BIOS test.
May require battery replacement or board repair.
Shadow RAM failed. May require repair of
system board.
System battery died. Replace the system
battery and run Setup to reconfigure the system.
SYSTEM CACHE ERROR - CACHE DISABLED
SYSTEM CMOS CHECKSUM BAD ­RUN SETUP
SYSTEM RAM FAILED AT OFFSET: nnnn
SYSTEM TIMER ERROR
A-2
External (L2) cache failed BIOS test.
System will still run, but slower. Replace cache at convenience.
System CMOS has been corrupted or modified
Run Setup and reconfigure the system.
incorrectly. System RAM failed. Replace defective RAM.
Timer test failed. Requires repair of system
board.

Beep and POST Codes

B
Beep codes are a series of beeps sent through the speaker which indicate a problem during the Power On Self Test (POST). If text appears on the video screen, the LPM30 has completed POST; any other tone from the speaker indicates something other than a POST error. These tones are not described in Table B-1.
The beep error codes are a series of beeps. The duration of the beep tones are constant, but the length of the pauses between the beeps varies. For example: a 1-3-3 beep code will sound like one beep, a pause; three beeps consecutively, another pause; and then three more beeps.
One beep code is often misunderstood. If a video card is not installed or is failing, the system board will generate a long-short-long-short beep code. This is often interpreted as a 1-2-1 beep code. But POST errors always vary in the length of the pause and not the duration of the beep tone.
Another way of identifying a POST error is to use a device called a POST card. This peripheral card is inserted into one of the ISA slots and has an LED (or LCD) read out showing the contents of port 80h.
The following table provides a list of all beep codes and POST rou­tines..
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Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual
Code Beeps POST Routine Description
02 Verify Real Mode. 04 Get CPU type. 06 Initialize system hardware. 08 Initialize chipset registers with initial POST values. 09 Get in POST Reg. 0A Initialize CPU registers.
0C Init ialize cache initi a l P OST values. OE Initialize I/O. OF Initi a lize the lo calbus IDE.
10 Initialize Power Management.
11 Load alternate registers with initial POST values.
12 Jump to UserPatch0.
14 Initialize keyboard controller.
16 2-2-3 BIOS ROM checksum.
18 8254 timer initialization.
1A 8237 DMA controller initialization.
1C Reset Programmable Interrupt Controller.
20 3-1-1 Test DRAM refresh.
22 3-1-3 Test 8742 Keyboard Controller.
24 Set ES segment register to 4 GB.
28 Autosize DRAM.
2A Clear 512K base RAM.
2C 3-4-1 Test 512K base address lines.
2E 3-4-3 Test 512K base memory.
32 Test CPU bus-clock frequency.
34 Test CMOS RAM.
35 Initialize alternate chipset registers.
37 Reinitialize the chipset (MB only).
38 Shadow system BIOS ROM.
39 Reinitialize the cache (MB only).
3A Autosize cache.
3C Configure advanced chipset registers.
3D Load alternate registers with CMOS values.
40 Set initial CPU speed.
42 Initialize interrupt vectors.
44 Initialize BIOS interrupts.
46 2-1-2-3 Check ROM copyright notice.
47 Initialize manager for PCI Option ROMs.
48 Check video configuration against CMOS.
49 Initialize PCI bus and devices.
B-2
Beep and POST Codes
Code Beeps POST Routine Description
4A Initialize all video adapters in system. 4C Shadow video BIOS ROM. 4E Display copyright notice. 50 Display CPU type and speed. 51 Initialize EISA board. 52 Test keyboard. 54 Set key click if enabled. 56 Enable keyboard. 58 2-2-3-1 Test for unexpected interrupts. 5A Display prompt “Press F2 to enter SETUP”. 5C Test RAM between 512 and 640k. 60 Test extended memory. 62 Test extended memory address lines. 64 Jump to UserPatch1. 66 Configure advanced cache registers. 68 Enable external and CPU caches. 6A Display external cache size. 6C Display shadow message. 6E Display non-disposable segments. 70 Display error messages. 72 Check for configuration errors. 74 Test real-time clock. 76 Check for keyboard errors. 7C S e t u p h a rd w a re in terrup t ve c to rs. 7E Test coprocessor if present. 80 Disable onboard I/O ports. 82 Detect and install external RS232 ports. 84 Detect and install external parallel ports. 86 Re-initialize on-board I/O ports. 88 Initialize BIOSData Area. 8A I nitialize Extended BIOS Data Area. 8C Initialize floppy controller. 90 Initialize hard-disk controller. 91 Initialize localbus hard-disk controller. 92 Jump to UserPatch2. 93 Build MPTABLE for multi-processor boards. 94 Disable A20 address line. 96 Clear huge ES segment register. 98 Search for option ROMs. 9A Shadow option RO Ms.
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Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual
Code Beeps POST Routine Description
9C Set up Power Management. 9E Enable hardware interrupts. A0 Set time of day. A2 Check key lock. A4 Initialize typematic rate. A8 Erase F2 prompt. AA Scan for F2 keystroke. AC Enter SETUP. AE Clear in-POST flag. B0 Check for errors. B2 POST done - prepare to boot operating system. B4 One beep. B6 Check password (optional). B8 Clear global descriptor table. BC Clear parity checkers. BE Clear screen (optional). BF Check virus and backup reminders. C0 Try to boot with INT 19. D0 Interrupt handler error. D2 Unknown interrupt error. D4 Pending Interrupt. D6 Initialize option ROM error. D8 Shutdown error. DA Extended Block Move.
DC Shutdown 10 error.
The following are for boot block in Flash ROM: E2 Initialize the chipset. E3 Initialize refresh counter. E4 Check for Forced Flash. E5 Check HW status of ROM. E6 BIOS ROM is OK. E7 Do a complete RAM test. E8 Do OEM initialization. E9 Initialize interrupt controller. EA Read in the bootstrap code. EB Initia lize all vecto rs. EC Boot the Flash program. ED Initialize the boot device. EE Boot code was read OK.
B-4
CHard Disk Drive Types
The following table lists the hard disk types supported by M4Pi.
Hard Disk Drive Types
Type Cylinders Heads Write
Precomp
1 306 4 128 17 10 2 615 4 300 17 21 3 615 6 300 17 32 4 940 8 512 17 65 5 940 6 512 17 99 6 615 4 none 17 21 7 462 8 256 17 32 8 733 5 none 17 31
9 900 15 none 17 117 10 820 3 none 17 21 11 855 5 none 17 37 12 855 7 none 17 52 13 306 8 128 17 21 14 733 7 none 17 44 15 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 16 612 4 0 17 21 17 977 5 300 17 42 18 977 7 none 17 59 19 1024 7 512 17 62 20 733 5 300 17 31 21 733 7 300 17 94 22 733 5 300 17 31 23 306 4 0 17 10 24 612 4 305 17 21 25 612 2 300 17 10 26 614 4 none 17 21 27 820 6 none 17 42 28 977 5 none 17 42 29 1218 15 none 36 336 30 1224 15 none 17 159
Sectors Size
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Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual
Type Cylinder s Heads Write
Sectors Size
Precomp
31 823 10 512 17 71 32 809 6 128 17 42 33 830 7 none 17 50 34 830 10 none 17 72 35 1024 5 none 17 44 36 1024 8 none 17 71 37 615 8 128 17 42 38 1024 8 none 26 109 39 925 9 none 17 72
C-2

Specifications

D
Processor Options Intel 486 DX 33MHz, PGA.
Intel 486 DX2 50 & 66MHz, PGA. Intel 486DX4 75 & 100MHz. Intel 486 DX2 3.3V Support. Intel Pentium OverDrive Processor. 486 OverDrive Processor.
Expansion Two PCI slots.
Five 16-bit ISA slots. One shared PCI/16-bit ISA slot.
Chip Set Intel Saturn Chipset.
CMD 640A PCI IDE. SMC 665 Super I/O controller.
RAM Capacity 128MB.
Form Factor Baby AT footprint (8.5" x 13").
4 Layer PCB.
Specifications
Keyboard Standard AT keyboard support (AT Version).
PS/2 Keyboard and Mouse Support (PS/2 Version).
BIOS Phoenix BIOS on 1MB Flash ROM.
Cache 8K of internal cache memory (may vary).
Cache Upgrade Optional 128K, or 256K of secondary cache
memory (write-through or write-back).
I/O Ports Built in support.
Two high speed serial ports (16550 compatible). One bi-directional parallel port.
Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP) compatible (optional). Microsoft and Hewlett Packard Extended Capabilities Port (ECP) compatible (optional).
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Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual
Floppy Port Supports two floppy drive (2.88MB, 1.44MB,
1.2MB, 720K, 360K).
PCI IDE Port Supports two IDE hard disks.
Mode 3 support. Multiple sector transfer support. LBA support.
Secondary IDE Support Supports two additional IDE hard disks.
Multiple sector transfer support. LBA support.
Burn-in 48 hours (minimum).
Environmental Specifications
The environment in which the LX30WB is located is critical. Micronics recommends the following environmental specifications:
Temperature Rang e
Operating: 50 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit (10 to 40 degrees Celsius).
Non-Operating: 50 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit (10 to 60 degrees Celsius).
Shipping: -22 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit (-30 to 60 degrees Celsius).
Relative Humidity
Operating: 20% to 80%
Non-Operating: 5% to 90%
D-2
Battery Disposal
Specifications
Warning: DO NOT: open battery; dispose of in fire; recharge; put in backwards, mix with used or other battery types.
May explode or leak and cause personal injury.
D-3
FCC Statement
FCC Warning Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply within the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Interference to radio or television reception can be determined by turning the equipment off and on. The user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
M Reorient the receiving antenna.
M Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.
M Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that
to which the receiver is connected.
M Consult your dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
To meet FCC requirements, shielded cables and power cords are required.
Note: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Micronics could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
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Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual
Declaration of Conformity
Application of Council Directives 89/336/EEC and 72/23/EEC.
Standards to which the conformity is declared:
EN55022 EN50082-1 EN 60950
Manufacturer's Name: Micronics Computers, Inc.
Manufacturers Address: 221 Warren Avenue
Fremont, California 94539 USA
Tel: (510) 651-2300 Fax: (510) 651-9450
Type of Equipment: 486-25/33/50/66/75/100
Tower Personal Computer
Model Name: M4Pi
Tested by: Rockford Engineering Services, Inc.
4750 Williams Wharf Road St. Leonard, Maryland 20685 USA
Tel: (301) 855-1375 Fax: (410) 586-1460
Test Engineers Li-Ming Xu (EN55022)
Muyiwa Ogunfunmi (EN50082-1) Bandele Adepoju (EN60950)
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the specified equipment conforms to the directives and standards listed above.
Ming Ming Hsu Director of Technical Services November 12, 1995
F-2
Declaration of Conformity
Application of Council Directives 89/336/EEC and 72/23/EEC.
Standards to which the conformity is declared:
EN55022 EN50082-1 EN 60950
Manufacturer's Name: Micronics Computers, Inc.
Manufacturers Address: 221 Warren Avenue
Fremont, California 94539 USA
Tel: (510) 651-2300 Fax: (510) 651-9450
Type of Equipment: 486-25/33/50/66/75/100
Mini-Tower Personal Computer
Model Name: M4Pi
FCC Statement
Tested by: Rockford Engineering Services, Inc.
4750 Williams Wharf Road St. Leonard, Maryland 20685 USA
Tel: (301) 855-1375 Fax: (410) 586-1460
Test Engineers Li-Ming Xu (EN55022)
Muyiwa Ogunfunmi (EN50082-1) Bandele Adepoju (EN60950)
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the specified equipment conforms to the directives and standards listed above.
Ming Ming Hsu Director of Technical Services November 12, 1995
F-3
Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual
Declaration of Conformity
Application of Council Directives 89/336/EEC and 72/23/EEC.
Standards to which the conformity is declared:
EN55022 EN50082-1 EN 60950
Manufacturer's Name: Micronics Computers, Inc.
Manufacturers Address: 221 Warren Avenue
Fremont, California 94539 USA
Tel: (510) 651-2300 Fax: (510) 651-9450
Type of Equipment: 486-25/33/50/66/75/100
Desktop Personal Computer
Model Name: M4Pi
Tested by: Rockford Engineering Services, Inc.
4750 Williams Wharf Road St. Leonard, Maryland 20685 USA
Tel: (301) 855-1375 Fax: (410) 586-1460
Test Engineers Li-Ming Xu (EN55022)
Muyiwa Ogunfunmi (EN50082-1) Bandele Adepoju (EN60950)
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the specified equipment conforms to the directives and standards listed above.
Ming Ming Hsu Director of Technical Services November 12, 1995
F-4

Glossary

Glossary
16550 UART - A high speed chip for controlling serial ports. Although unnecessary for a mouse, it is required for modems that are 14,400 baud or faster.
486DX - A type of 32-bit CPU with a built in math-coprocessor and internal cache.
486DX2 - A 486DX CPU where the internal speed of the CPU operates at twice the external speed.
486DX4 - A 486DX CPU where the internal speed of the CPU operates at three times the external speed.
486SX - A 486DX CPU with no math­coprocessor.
Asynchronous - Operations that do not require the clocks of communicating devices to be coordinated. See Synchronous.
Baby AT - A standard system board size measuring approximately 13.25” x 8.5”.
Bidirectional Parallel Port - A type of parallel port that can send and receive information.
BIOS - An Acronym for Basic Input/Output System. Configures the system board and provides hardware information to the operating system.
Bit - A contraction of Binary digit. The smallest unit of information in a binary number system. A bit represents a choice between either zero or one.
Boot - To start up the computer and load the operating system software. See cold boot and warm boot.
Byte - A group of adjacent bits treated as a unit. Eight bits are typically considered one byte. Also called a character.
Cache - A process where information is copied from the slower memory (DRAM) to the faster memory (SRAM). Information that is likely to be read or edited is stored in the cache providing significant performance increases.
Cache hit - The percentage of request for data from memory that can be served from the cache.
Cache miss - A memory access which cannot be supplied from cache.
Cold Boot - Starting the computer by turning on the power or pressing the RESET button. A cold boot makes the processor execute all of the diagnostics. See boot and warm boot.
CPU - An acronym for Central Processing Unit. A CPU performs arithmetic calculations, makes logical decisions, and directs the operation of the computer in conjunction with the operating system.
Disk Drive - A hardware device which provides for the storage of data on diskettes or hard metal disks that have a magnetic coating. A disk drive functions by spinning at high speed while moving a device called the read/write head across the disk’s surface in order to read or write data in magnetic code.
DRAM - An acronym for Dynamic Random Access Memory. A type of memory chip that only keeps its memory if supplied with regular clock pulses and a chance to regularly refresh its data. It is slower and more cost effective than SRAM. See SRAM.
Bus - A group of electronic paths used to send data between parts of the system. On a system board, the bus connects the peripheral cards with the microprocessor via the expansion slots.
Bus Mastering - The ability of an peripheral card to control the bus without requiring intervention of the CPU.
ECP - An acronym for Expanded Capabilities Port. A standard set by Hewlett Packard and Microsoft Corporation to expand the capabili­ties of the parallel port.
EDO Memory - An acronym for Extended Data Output. A type of DRAM with built-in cache.
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Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual
EISA - An acronym for Extended Industry Standard Architecture. EISA is a bus design standard which is fully backward compatible with the ISA bus. Although it is a 32-bit bus, it only runs at 8MHz. See PCI, VESA, and ISA.
EPP - An acronym for Enhanced Parallel Port. A standard which increases the capabilities of the parallel port.
EPROM - Acronym for Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. A type of ROM chip that can be programmed with relatively simple tools that will retain its data until erased. It can only be erased by exposing the circuitry in the chip to ultraviolet light. See also Flash ROM.
L1 Cache - See Internal Cache.
L2 Cache - See External Cache.
LBA - An acronym for Logical Block Addressing. Any IDE hard drive that is larger than 528MB.
Math coprocessor - A microprocessor designed specifically for performing mathematical calculations. A math coprocessor performs these calculations faster than the CPU, and by doing so, frees the CPU for other activities.
Megabyte (MB) - 1,024 Kilobytes or 1,048,576 bytes.
External Cache - Cache which is external to the CPU. See Cache.
Fast SCSI - A SCSI data transfer standard that allows a rate of up to 10MB/sec.
Fast Wide SCSI - A SCSI data transfer that allows a rate of up to 20MB/sec.
Flash ROM - A type of ROM chip that will retain its data until erased. It can be erased or reprogrammed by supplying it with +12V of voltage. See ROM and EPROM.
Full Size - A standard system board size measuring approximately 12" x 13.75".
Gigabyte - A disk storage capacity measure­ment. Approximately one thousand megabytes or 1,073,741,824 bytes.
IDE - An acronym for Integrated Device Electronics. A standard for communicating between a hard drive and a computer.
Internal Cache - Cache which is built into the CPU. See Cache.
ISA - An acronym for Industry Standard Architecture. A well-established bus standard that originated with the IBM AT. See PCI,
VESA, and EISA.
Jumper - a small plug that fits over and shorts pins on a circuit board. Jumpers allow the various functions of the board to be enabled or disabled.
Kilobyte (KB) - 1,024 bytes.
Mini AT - A standard system board size measuring approximately 8.5" x 9.5".
Mode 1 - An IDE data transfer standard that supports transfer rates of up to 5.22 Mbytes/sec.
Mode 2 - An IDE data transfer standard that supports transfer rates of up to 8.33 Mbytes/sec.
Mode 3 - An IDE data transfer standard that supports transfer rates of up to 11.1 Mbytes/sec.
Mode 4 - An IDE data transfer standard that supports transfer rates of up to 15.5 Mbytes/sec.
Parallel - A form of data transmission in which the data is sent one byte at a time over several wires that each carry one byte. In parallel transmission, all the bytes arrive simulta­neously, as opposed to serial transmission in which bits arrive one by one.
Parallel Port - A connection for a printer or similar peripheral. Generally, parallel ports are output only. See Bidirectional Parallel Port and ECP.
PCI - An acronym for Peripheral Component Interconnect. A high performance 32-bit or 64­bit bus developed by Intel Corporation. PCI is designed to be independent of the hardware architecture to ensure compatibility with future computer systems. See VESA, EISA, and ISA.
Pentium- A high performance 64-bit CISC processor designed and manufactured by Intel Corporation. As of this writing, Pentium is the highest performing X86 processor available.
G-2
Plug and Play - A standard developed to ensure easy installation of peripherals. Theoretically, a newly installed card will automatically configure itself and work properly without requiring jumper configuration or device drivers.
POST - An acronym for Power On Self Test. A diagnostic program that is run whenever the system is cold booted.
RAM - An acronym for Random Access Memory. A type of memory that is used as the “working memory” of a computer system. See DRAM and SRAM.
ROM - An acronym for Read Only Memory. A type of memory that retains its data without requiring power. Once written, it cannot be modified. See EPROM and Flash ROM.
Glossary
SIMM - An acronym for Standard Inline Memory Module. A small printed circuit board containing memory chips.
SRAM - An acronym for Static Random Access Memory. A type of memory that can retain data without requiring a regular clock signal. Although they are faster than DRAM, they hold less data and are more expensive.
Synchronous - Protocols that require the clocks of communicating machines or devices to be coordinated.
Synchronous Cache - A type of cache that uses a clock signal to latch the inputs and the data output. This structure spreads the cache access across two or three cycles while maintaining a bandwidth of one access per cycle. Improves performance by 5-10%.
SCSI - An acronym for Small Computer Systems Interface. An interface standard used to interface hard disk drives, removable cartridge drives, tape drives, and CD-ROMs to the computer system. SCSI allows multiple, high-performance peripheral devices to be connected in a chain. Each has its own address. Data and control signals are sent along the chain and only the specifically addressed device responds.
SCSI II - An interface standard that adds features to the SCSI standard. These include 32-bit data transfer, command queuing, Fast SCSI, and support for a wider variety of peripherals.
SCSI III - A proposed standard that will support transfer rates of up to 40MB/sec.
Serial - A type of data transmission in which the data is sent one bit at a time over a single wire. See parallel.
Serial Port - A communications port used to connect peripherals such as modems and mice.
Setup - A program which allows you to make changes to the system configuration.
Shadow RAM - A technique used to load a duplicate copy of BIOS from slower ROM into faster RAM. This enhances system performance because it provides higher access speed to the BIOS.
Terabyte - A measurement for very, very large storage capacity. One Terabyte is equivalent one-thousand gigabytes, one-million mega­bytes, or 1,099,511,627,766 bytes.
VESA - An acronym for Video Electronics and Standards Association.
VESA Localbus (VL-Bus) - A high perfor­mance bus designed by VESA. A 32-bit version of the ISA bus which operates at the speed of the computer’s CPU. See PCI, EISA, and ISA.
VGA - An acronym for Video Graphics Array. A standard for monitor displays.
VR - Pentium CPU voltage ranging from 3.300
- 3.465 Volts.
VRE - Pentium CPU voltage ranging from
3.400 - 3.600 Volts.
Warm Boot - Restarting the system by simultaneously pressing the <Ctrl>, <Alt>, and <Delete> keys.
Write-Back Cache - Upon a cache hit, the cache is updated and the main memory is not affected. Upon a cache miss, only the main memory is updated.
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Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual
Write-Through Cache - Upon a cache hit, the cache and the main memory are updated. Upon a cache miss, only the main memory is updated.
G-4
Limited Warranty
Except as described below, Micronics warrants the products to be free from defects in material and workmanship in normal use for a period of one (1) year from date of purchase. Should any product fail to perform according to this warranty at any time during the warranty period, except as provided below, Micronics or its authorized service centers will, at Micronics’ option, repair or replace the product at no additional charge.
The warranty does not cover loss or damage which occurs in shipment or which is due to: (1) improper installation or maintenance, misuse, neglect or any cause other than ordinary commercial application, including without limitation, accidents or acts of God; (2) adjustment, repair, or modification by other than a Micronics authorized service center; (3) improper environment, excessive or inadequate heating or air conditioning, or electrical power failures, surges or other irregularities; (4) any statement about the product other than those set forth in this warranty; or (5) nonconformity to models or samples shown to the purchaser. Any models or samples were for the sole purpose of suggesting the character of the product and are not intended to form the basis of the bargain.
A receipt or copy of the invoice with the date of purchase from a Micronics reseller is required before any warranty service can be rendered. Service can be obtained by calling Micronics for a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) Number.
The RMA Number should be prominently displayed on the outside of the shipping carton of the returned product. Returned product should be shipped prepaid or hand carried to Micronics. The purchaser assumes risk of loss or damage in transit, and unless otherwise agreed to in writing by Micronics, will pay inbound shipping charges.
The exclusive remedy of the purchaser under this warranty above will be repair or replace at Micronics’ option, but if for any reason that remedy should fail of its essential purpose, the exclusive remedy of the purchaser shall then be actual damages up to amounts paid for the defective product by the purchaser. This limited warranty shall be deemed to “fail of its essential purpose” if, after repeated efforts, Micronics is unable to make the product operate as warranted. Micronics’ liability for damages to the purchaser for any cause whatsoever; regardless of the form of action and whether in contract or in tort, shall be limited to the purchase price in effect when the cause of action arose for the product that is the basis of the claim.
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Micronics M4Pi System Board Manual
Micronics will not be liable for any lost profits or any indirect, special incidental or consequential damages in connection with the product, even if Micronics has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
Micronics makes no warranties or representations as to performance of products or as to service to distributor or to any person, except as set forth in Micronics; limited warranty accompanying delivery of product.
Micronics disclaims all other warranties whether oral, written, expressed, or implied, including without limitation, the warranties of design, merchantabil­ity, or fitness for a particular purpose, if applicable, or arising from a course of dealing, usage or trade practice.
Non-Warranty Service
After the one year warranty service is no longer in effect, repair service is still available for Micronics products. For more information, contact Micronics’ RMA department at (510) 683-0428 or (510) 683-0389. The RMA depart­ment is open between 8:30 A.M. and 5 P.M. Pacific Standard Time.
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Document Number: 06-00209-03, Rev. 3A November 1995 Printed in the USA
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