Copyright 1997 Micronics Computers, Inc. The information con-
tained in the Invader ATX PCI/ISA Pentium Pro Processor system
2
board manual has been carefully checked and is believed to be
accurate. Micronics assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies
that may be contained in this document. Micronics makes no commitments to update or to keep the information in this manual at a current
level when changes are made to the product.
Micronics reserves the right to make improvements to this document
and/or product at any time and without notice. All Rights Reserved.
No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any medium or machine form without prior,
written consent from Micronics.
Portions of the Manual
Portions of this manual were copied (with permission) from Phoenix
Technologies, Ltd. All rights reserved.
Trademarks
IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines.
Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Intel and PCI are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. All other product names mentioned herein are used for identification purposes only and may be the trademarks of their respective
companies.
Invader ATX System Board Manual
Page 3
Table of Contents
Introduction5
Features6
Software Compatibility7
Before You Begin8
Chapter 1 - Quick Installation9
Installing the Invader ATX9
Chapter 2 - Configuring the Invader ATX11
Static Electricity11
Office Environment11
Invader ATX System Board12
Invader ATX Back Panel Connections12
Jumper Settings13
Chapter 3 - Installing the Invader ATX17
Introduction17
System Memory Support17
Installing the Invader ATX18
Figure 1.1: Power-Up Screen10
Figure 2.1: Invader ATX System Board12
Figure 2.2: Invader ATX Back Panel Connections12
Figure 3.1: Installing a 168-Pin DIMM23
Figure 3.2: Installing a PCI Card25
Figure 3.3: Installing an ISA Peripheral Card26
Figure 3.4: Connecting External Sound Devices28
Figure 4.1: Power-Up Screen32
Figure 4.2: CMOS Main Screen33
Figure 4.3: IDE Device Submenu36
Figure 4.4: Advanced Screen38
Figure 4.5: Security Setup Screen41
Figure 4.6: Supervisor Password Submenu42
Figure 4.7: Power Screen44
Figure 4.8: Boot Screen45
Figure 4.9: Exit Screen47
List of Tables
Table 2.1: CPU Speed Selection13
Table 2.2: Clear CMOS Settings13
Table 2.3: Case and Peripheral Connections14
Table 3.1: Memory Configurations20
Table A.1: Support and Information Services56
4
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Introduction
Introduction
Thank you for choosing the Invader ATX system board.
The high-performance Invader ATX supports the most
advanced Pentium
demanding workstation needs.
Based on the Intel 440FX PCIset, the Invader ATX
provides the speed and performance necessary to address
the most intensive computational applications. Enhanced
PCI throughput, Mode 4 IDE and support of Universal
Serial Bus (USB), make this board state-of-the-art. The
USB interface has a maximum bandwidth of 12Mbps and
can connect as many as 127 devices to a host system. USB
supports both standard devices that operate at the full
12Mbps rate and low-end devices that use only a 1.5Mbps
subchannel.
The Invader ATX comes with many features. These
include support for Extended Data Out (EDO) and Fast
Page Mode (FPM) DRAM memory, Error Checking and
Correction (ECC) and optional 16-bit sound.
Pro microprocessor technology for
Micronics builds all products to exacting standards, using
the highest quality components available. We are proud
to provide this system board and believe you will be
pleased with your purchase.
Invader ATX System Board Manual
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Page 8
Introduction
Features
The Invader ATX includes the following features:
▲ Single ZIF socket 8
Intel Pentium
Pro 180-200MHz
Integrated Voltage Regulator Module
▲ Intel 440FX PCI chipset
Intel PIIX 3
SMC FDC37C93X Ultra I/O chip
▲ Four 32-bit PCI slots
Four 16-bit ISA slots
(One is a shared PCI/ISA slot)
▲ 16K Level 1 Write Back on the CPU chip
256K or 512K Level 2 cache in CPU package
▲ Maximum memory 1 GByte
Four 3.3V unbuffered 64/72-bit 168-pin DIMM sockets
Supports FPM and EDO memory
ECC support via chipset
▲ Two Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports for desktop
The Invader ATX system board has been thoroughly tested
for compatibility with a variety of operating systems and
environments, including:
▲ Microsoft
DOS 5.0
DOS 6.2
Windows 95
Windows NT 3.51
Windows NT 4.0
▲ IBM
OS/2 Warp 3.0
OS/2 Warp 4.0
▲ SCO
UNIXWare 2.1.1
Open Server 5.02
UNIX 3.2, 4.2
▲ Novell NetWare 3.12
Novell NetWare 4.11
Invader ATX System Board Manual
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Page 10
Introduction
This manual will familiarize you with the features, installation and use of your Invader ATX. There are several symbols
and conventions used throughout this manual to help draw
your attention to a feature or to focus on important information:
Common Names
Before You Begin
When you see the Magnifying Glass, it refers
to something you should take a closer look at
before proceeding further.
When you see the Exclamation Mark, it gives
important information on avoiding damage.
DIMMDual Inline Memory Module
DRAMDynamic Random Access Memory
ECCError Checking and Correction
ECPExtended Capabilities Port
EDOExtended Data Out
EPPEnhanced Parallel Port
FPMFast Page Mode
IDEIntegrated Drive Electronics
PCIPeripheral Component Interconnect
USBUniversal Serial Bus
VRMVoltage Regulator Module
8
Invader ATX System Board Manual
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Chapter
1
STATIC!
Before
handling the
Invader
ATX, be
properly
grounded by
using a
special wrist
or ankle
strap, or
touch a
safely
grounded
object.
Chapter 1: Quick Installation
Quick Installation
We know that many experienced people prefer to read as
little of the documentation as possible. If this sounds like
you, here’s the short form to get up and running quickly.
Installing the Invader ATX
1.Make backup copies of your installation and configuration diskettes.
2.Ground yourself to prevent damaging static discharge, then remove the Invader ATX from its
packaging.
3.Configure and verify the system board’s jumper settings (refer to Jumper Settings in Chapter 2).
4.Install the CPU and the system memory (refer to
Chapter 3).
5.Install the system board into the chassis and make all
necessary case connections.
6.Install any ISA and/or PCI add-on peripherals (refer
to Chapter 3).
7.Now you can connect any optional devices (refer to
Chapter 3).
8.Turn the computer on and press the <F2> key
when you see the screen in Figure 1.1.
Invader ATX System Board Manual
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Page 12
Chapter 1: Quick Installation
Figure 1-1: Power-Up Screen
9.Set the time and date. Adjust the BIOS settings to
match your configuration. If installing an IDE drive,
select the IDE device you wish to configure. Press
ENTER with Auto Type Fixed Disk selected and the
BIOS will automatically configure the drive for you
(refer to Chapter 4).
10. After you have configured the Main Setup menu,
make any desired setting configurations in the Advanced and Security menu. When finished, go to the
exit screen, select “Save Changes and Exit” and you
are finished with the BIOS configuration (see Chapter 4).
11. Install your IDE CD-ROM drive and its device
drivers (optional). Refer to Chapter 3.
12. Install the sound controller device drivers (optional).
Refer to Chapter 5.
10
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Chapter 2: Configuring the Invader ATX
Chapter
2
Configuring the Invader ATX
Although the Invader ATX system board is packaged in
protective materials, it is important to use care while
unpacking and setting up.
Static Electricity
The Invader ATX is shipped from the factory in an
antistatic bag. To reduce the possibility of damage, it is
important to neutralize any accumulated static charges
on your body before handling the board. The best way to
do this is to ground yourself using a special wrist or ankle
strap. If you do not have a strap, you should touch both
of your hands to a safely grounded object. After you have
grounded yourself, ground the Invader ATX via the
solder pads surrounding one of its mounting holes.
Once the Invader ATX is removed from its packaging,
place it on top of the antistatic bag. Carefully inspect the
board for damage which may have occurred during
shipment.
Environment Considerations
Make sure the finished computer system is in an area
with good ventilation. The system should not be in direct
sunlight, near heaters, or exposed to moisture, dust or
dirt.
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Chapter 2: Configuring the Invader ATX
Invader ATX System Board
Figure 2-1: Invader ATX System Board
Invader ATX Back Panel Connections
Figure 2-2: Invader ATX Back Panel
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Invader ATX System Board Manual
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Chapter 2: Configuring the Invader ATX
Jumper Settings
This chapter gives you the jumper settings used for the Invader ATX
system board.
Table 2-1 lists the jumper settings to select the system speed settings.
CPU
Speed
Bus
Speed
W4W3W2W1JP3JP2
180 MHz 60 x 3.0 Close Close Open Close Open Close
200 MHz 66 x 3.0 Close Close Open Close Close Open
Table 2-1: CPU Speed Selections
Table 2-2 lists the settings to clear the CMOS settings. With your
computer's power off, close pins 2-3, wait ten seconds and place the
jumper back on pins 1-2. (The jumper must be placed back on pins 12 for the system to function properly.)
NOTE: This will reset all BIOS default settings. Any changes you have made
will be lost.
JumperFunctionSettings
W7Normal
Clear CMOS
T able 2-2: Clear CMOS Settings
1-2
2-3
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Chapter 2: Configuring the Invader ATX
Table 2-3 lists the case and peripheral connections.
ConnectorFunctionNotes
J3PS/2 Keyboard
J4PS/2 Mouse
J9Serial Port (COM 1)Can be disabled at the CMOS
configuration screen
J15Serial Port (COM 2)Can be disabled at the CMOS
configuration screen
J16Parallel Port ConnectorCan be disabled at the CMOS
configuration screen
J17Floppy Drive Connector
J27Secondary IDE Port
J28Primary IDE Port
J30Chassis Fan1 - Ground; 2 - +12V; 3 - Sense
This chapter explains how to install the Invader ATX
system board, memory, CPU and peripherals.
WARNING: Before installing or removing any peripherals
or components, make sure you have a clear work space and
that you adhere to all anti-static precautions described in
Chapter 1. Micronics recommends only trained technicians
install and configure the system board.
Damage which occurs to the board while adding or removing
peripherals or components may void the warranty. If problems arise while installing peripherals, contact the computer
dealer where you purchased the peripheral or Micronics’
Technical Support Department.
System Memory Support
The flexibility of the Invader ATX is augmented by its
support for EDO and FPM DRAM memory and ECC.
The Invader ATX supports ECC (with 72-bit DIMMs
only) via the chipset.
EDO memory is designed to keep data available to the
processor for an extended period of time. The EDO
memory support extends the performance of conventional DRAM memory. The result is an improvement in
memory-access performance on the Invader ATX system board.
Invader ATX System Board Manual
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Chapter 3: Installing the Invader ATX
Installing the Invader ATX
Installation of the Invader ATX system board depends on
the type of case you use. The Invader ATX is designed for
the standard ATX form factor and must be installed in an
ATX chassis.
NOTE: If you are unfamiliar with installing a system board,
Micronics highly recommends that you read the computer
user’s manual or contact your dealer’s technical support
department.
Tools Required
Micronics recommends using the following tools to install the Invader ATX:
❏Small Phillips screwdriver
❏Tweezers or a pair of needle-nose pliers
❏Tray (to hold loose screws)
Equipment Required
Micronics recommends using the following equipment
with the Invader ATX for a typical configuration:
❏ATX chassis with standard hardware.
❏A high-quality ATX power supply capable of provid-
ing continuous power within a 3 volt range. A power
filter may be used with a noisy AC power source.
❏PS/2 mouse and compatible keyboard.
❏Eight ohm speaker.
❏Standard ribbon cables for internal connections.
❏Standard power cord (grounded).
❏Heat sink with cooling fan for CPU (required).
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Invader ATX System Board Manual
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For long
term
reliability,
Micronics
recommends using
DIMMs with
gold-plated
contacts.
The use of
tin-plated
contacts
may conflict
with the gold
alloy on the
DIMM
socket.
Chapter 3: Installing the Invader ATX
System Memory
System memory is necessary to operate the Invader ATX
system board. The Invader ATX has four 3.3V unbuffered 64/72- bit 168-pin DIMM sockets, for a maximum
of 1 GByte of RAM. Support is provided for EDO DRAM
memory and FPM DRAM memory. This section list the
rules for adding memory to the Invader ATX, give some
examples of common memory configurations and show
how to physically install the memory.
Adding Memory
The following is a list of rules to follow when installing
DIMMs. If you follow these rules, your upgrade should be
trouble-free:
❏Use 70ns or faster DIMMs.
❏DIMM memory modules support FPM and EDO and
memory types.
❏Supports 72-bit DIMMs for Error Checking and
Correction (ECC).
❏Singled-sided and double-sided memory modules are
supported.
❏The same type and size of memory for every bank
recommended. Different memory types and sizes in
separate banks will cause the performance of the
memory to run at the speed of the slowest DIMM
module installed.
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Chapter 3: Installing the Invader ATX
Memory Configurations
The following tables list the most common memory
configurations. The memory available depends on the
number of DIMMs installed.
To install the DIMMs, locate the memory banks on the
system board and perform the following steps:
1.Hold the DIMM so that the notched edge is aligned
with the notch on the DIMM socket (Figure 3-1).
2.Insert the DIMM at a 90 degree angle.
3.Gently push the DIMM straight down until it locks
into place (past the release tabs).
Figure 3-1: Installing a 168-Pin DIMM
Removing DIMMs
To remove DIMMs, follow the steps below:
1.With both thumbs (or fingers), press the release tabs
away from the socket.
2.With the DIMM free from the release tabs, lift the
module up and place in an anti-static bag or package.
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Chapter 3: Installing the Invader ATX
Installing a CPU
The Invader ATX is designed to support Pentium Pro
processors. Follow the steps below to install the main
processor:
1.Turn off the computer and remove its cover.
2.Locate the ZIF socket illustrated in Figure 2-1.
3.Lift the lever of the socket.
4.Locate pin 1 on the processor and pin 1 on the socket
(refer to Figure 2-1). Gently place the processor into
the socket, making sure pin 1 on the processor and
pin 1 on the socket are aligned.
5.Push the lever down until it locks into place.
6.Make sure the speed and the voltage selection jumpers are set correctly (refer to Chapter 2 - Jumper
Settings).
WARNING: Pentium Pro processors require a heat-sink
with a cooling fan. Failure to provide adequate cooling of the
processor may seriously affect system performance or cause
permanent damage to the processor.
24
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Chapter 3: Installing the Invader ATX
Installing a PCI Peripheral Card
Micronics PCI slots accommodate all PCI peripherals
that meet the PCI 2.1 specifications. Follow the steps
below to install a PCI card:
1.Turn the computer system off and remove its cover.
2.Choose an unused PCI slot and remove the slot
cover.
3.Insert the card with the bottom edge level to the slot.
NOTE: Never insert the card at an angle.
4.Carefully push the card straight down, making sure
the card is fully inserted.
5.Replace the screw which holds the card into place.
6.Replace the computer cover.
7.Refer to the PCI card’s documentation additional
instructions regarding installation and software
drivers.
Figure 3-2: Installing a PCI Card
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Chapter 3: Installing the Invader ATX
Installing an ISA Peripheral Card
Micronics ISA slots accommodate all standard ISA
peripherals. Follow the steps below to install a PCI card:
1.Turn the computer system off and remove its cover.
2.Choose an unused ISA slot and remove the slot
cover.
3.Insert the card with the bottom edge level to the slot.
NOTE: Never insert the card at an angle.
4.Carefully push the card straight down, making sure
the card is inserted fully.
5.Replace the screw that holds the card into place.
6.Replace the computer cover.
7.Refer to the ISA card’s documentation for additional
instructions regarding installation and software drivers.
26
Figure 3-3: Installing an ISA Card
Invader ATX System Board Manual
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Chapter 3: Installing the Invader ATX
Installing a CD-ROM Drive
If you are installing a CD-ROM drive, Micronics recommends the installation of an IDE CD-ROM drive. The
instructions below will help you with the installation, but also
refer to the documentation that accompanied your CD-ROM
drive.
Before starting the setup and installation, make sure your
computer is off and the power cord is disconnected from
the wall outlet. Your CD-ROM drive kit should contain
the following items for a successful installation:
❏CD-ROM Drive with installation hardware
❏Interface Cable
❏CD Audio Cable
1.Connect the ribbon cable as described in the CDROM’s documentation, making sure the red stripe
on the cable is aligned with pin 1 of the connectors.
2.Connect the audio cable to the CD-ROM drive's
audio connector.
3.Connect the other end of the audio cable to the
MPC-2 compatible CD-ROM audio connector on
the Invader ATX system board (see Figures 2.1 and
2.2).
4.Connect the power supply cable to the CD-ROM
drive's power connector.
5.Install the CD-ROM device drivers. CD-ROM drives
require device drivers to access the drive and are
generally provided by the manufacturer of the CDROM drive. Usually one device driver is added to the
CONFIG.SYS file and one to the AUTOEXEC.BAT
file.
6.If you are using the CD-ROM drive in an MS-DOS
environment, the utility MSCDEX.EXE must also
be added to the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. Consult
your DOS manual for more information.
Invader ATX System Board Manual
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Chapter 3: Installing the Invader ATX
The Invader ATX Sound Option
You can connect external sound devices to your Invader
ATX system board to take advantage of the optional
sound support (refer to Figure 2.2). The sound option
includes 16-bit stereo sound and a game and MIDI port.
See Chapter 5 for information on installing sound device
drivers.
Connecting Sound Devices
28
Figure 3-4: Connecting External Sound De vices
Invader ATX System Board Manual
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Chapter 3: Installing the Invader ATX
Game Port
You can use the Game Port connector to connect an
IBM PC compatible joystick or MIDI instrument.
Line Out
The Line Out jack allows you to connect the audio
output of the audio controller to your home stereo,
VCR, or amplified speakers.
Line In
You may connect an external mono or stereo audio
source to the audio controller, such as a tape player or
radio. Use the appropriate converter cable to interface
to your external equipment.
MIC IN
The MIC IN jack will accommodate a 300-600 ohm
microphone.
Invader ATX System Board Manual
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Chapter 3: Installing the Invader ATX
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Invader ATX System Board Manual
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
Chapter
4
The BIOS Setup Utility
Configuration
After the Invader ATX system board and all hardware is
installed, the system is ready for configuration. Before
turning on the computer, make sure all cables are correctly connected and all jumpers are correctly set.
It is recommended you keep the computer cover off the
first time you boot the system. This will make it easier to
correct any difficulties that might arise.
Initial Boot Up
Power up the Invader ATX. If the system does not
properly boot, check all your cables and peripherals for
bad connections. You may also get beep codes or error
messages. If this occurs, consult Appendices B and/or C
for a guide to possible solutions.
After the system properly boots, it is ready to be configured. The following information explains the proper
procedures for BIOS configuration.
Setup
The Setup program is used to configure the computer’s
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System). The computer’s
BIOS is responsible for configuring the system board and
providing hardware information to the operating system.
In order for the computer to run properly, run the Setup
procedure after first installing the system board and
whenever you make a hardware change to the system.
Invader ATX System Board Manual
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
After the system is turned on and goes through a memory
test, the Power-Up screen (Figure 4-1) will appear on
your monitor:
Figure 4-1: Power-Up Screen
When “Press <F2> to enter SETUP” appears at the
bottom of the screen, press the <F2> key to begin the
Setup procedure. The CMOS Main Screen (Figure 4-2)
should appear and the prompt should be on the time
line. The Setup procedure can only be activated during
the boot sequence.
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Invader ATX System Board Manual
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
Running the Setup Procedure
The Invader ATX system board has six primary CMOS
configuration screens: Main Screen, Advanced Screen,
Security Screen, Power Screen, Boot Screen and Exit
Screen. To toggle between the screens, press the right
arrow <→> and the left arrow < ←> keys.
Setting the Main Screen
The CMOS Main screen (Figure 4-2) is used to set the
time and date, to set the floppy drive types, to configure
IDE hard disks and to configure the video. This chapter
explains how to configure each of these categories. To
move between the categories, use the up and down arrow
<↑/↓> keys.
Figure 4-2: CMOS Main Screen
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
System Time and Date
To set the time, use the <-> key to decrease the number
and the <+> key to increase the number. To move the
prompt forward, use the <Tab> key; to move the
prompt backward, use the <Shift-Tab> key. To set the
date, use the up and down arrows<↑/↓> to highlight the
System Date and follow the same procedure used to set
the time.
Diskette A or B
To configure a floppy drive added to or removed from
your computer, use the up and down arrow keys <↑/↓>
to select the desired drive. Use the <+/-> keys to
change the setting until it matches the floppy drive you
installed. The BIOS supports 2.88MB, 1.44MB, 1.2MB,
720KB, and 360KB floppy drives.
Primary and Secondary IDE Devices
If you are setting up a SCSI hard disk, select None in the
IDE Device parameters (see your SCSI card manual for
more details). To install an IDE device, select the device
to configure and press ENTER. An IDE Device submenu
will appear (see Figure 4-3).
Numlock
Setting this to ON activates Numlock upon boot. Setting
this to Auto (default) activates Numlock if the BIOS
detects a numeric keyboard. It may also be set to OFF.
External Cache
This selection allows you to enable the external memory
cache. For optimal performance, select Enabled.
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
Video BIOS
The Video BIOS category allows you to Shadow or
Shadow & Cache the video BIOS. Choosing Shadowed
& Cached (default) caches the shadowed video BIOS for
even higher performance. Choosing Shadowed copies
the video BIOS into RAM for faster execution. To
disable the Video BIOS category, select Disabled.
System BIOS
The System BIOS category allows you to Shadow or
Shadow & Cache the system BIOS. Choosing Shadowed
& Cached (default) caches the shadowed system BIOS
for even higher performance. Choosing Shadowed copies
the system BIOS into RAM for faster execution. To
disable the System BIOS category, select Disabled.
System Memory
The System Memory category identifies the size of the
base memory. It cannot be changed.
Extended Memory
The Extended Memory category automatically detects
the amount of memory installed above the amount in the
System Memory category. Because the BIOS automatically calculates the amount of memory installed in your
system, you cannot change this category without adding
or removing memory.
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
Figure 4-3: IDE Device Submenu
Type
This category selects the drive type installed in the
system. The options are Auto (default), 1-39, User and
None. If Autotype Fixed Disk does not find your drive’s
parameters, fill this information in manually under the
User category. This information may be in the manual
which came with your system. If not, contact your dealer
or the hard drive manufacturer to fill in this category. If
you are using a SCSI hard drive, select None and refer to
the documentation which came with the SCSI adapter.
Multiple-Sector Transfers
This category determines the number of sectors per
block for multiple sector transfers. The options are Auto
(default), 2 Sectors, 4 Sectors, 6 Sectors, 8 Sectors and
16 Sectors.
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
LBA Mode Control
Enabling this selection causes LBA (Logical Block Addressing) to be used in place of Cylinders, Heads and
Sectors. The default setting is Enabled.
32-Bit I/O
This category allows you to enable the 32-bit I/O function
of the PCI IDE controller. Select Disabled if your drive
will not run at this speed. The default setting is Disabled.
Transfer Mode
This category sets the transfer speeds for IDE devices.
The Standard option is the default setting. The Fast PIO
1, Fast PIO 2, Fast PIO 3 and Fast PIO 4 options are for
higher speed devices.
Smart Monitoring
This feature will monitor your hard drive and report any
problems detected. The default setting cannot be changed.
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
Setting the Advanced Screen
To move to the Advanced screen, use the left and right
arrow keys <←/→> keys until you see the screen below.
Figure 4-4: Advanced Screen
Serial Port A
Serial Port A may be configured using the following
options: Disabled (No configuration), Enabled (User
configuration), Auto (BIOS configuration) and PnP
O/S (Operating System configuration).
Serial Port B
Serial Port B may be configured using the following
options: Disabled (No configuration), Enabled (User
configuration), Auto (BIOS configuration) and PnP
O/S (Operating System configuration).
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
Parallel Port
The parallel port may be configured using the following
options: Disabled (No configuration), Enabled (User
configuration), Auto (BIOS configuration) and PnP
O/S (O/S configuration).
Floppy Disk Controller
The selection allows you to enable or disable the floppy
disk controller.
Integrated PCI IDE
Enables or disables the integrated Local Bus IDE adapter.
The IDE controller may be set for Primary, Both (default)
or Disabled.
Integrated Sound
Enables or disables the integrated sound interface. The
default setting is Enabled.
LM78
Enable or disable the integrated LM78 microprocessor
system hardware monitor. The LM78 can be used to
monitor temperatures, power supply voltages and fan
speeds. Software is needed to utilize this option.
Plug & Play O/S
This selection, when set to Yes, allows the system to work
with a Plug and Play operating system such as Windows
95. The default setting is No. NOTE: This selection
should be set to No when using Windows 3.1 or Windows
NT.
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
Reset Configuration Data
Select Yes if you want to clear the system configuration
data. The default setting is No.
PCI Configuration
Use this selection for additional setup menus to configure
PCI devices. It's also useful to check whether or not
various IRQ's are available for PCI devices or if they are
reserved for legacy ISA devices.
PS/2 Mouse
When disabled, this selection prevents the PS/2 mouse
from functioning and frees up IRQ12. Selecting Enabled
(default) allows the operating system to determine
whether to enable or disable the mouse.
Secured Setup Configuration
Select Yes if you want the system settings to be secured
from change by a Plug and Play operating system. The
default setting is No.
Large Disk Access Mode
If you are using a DOS operating system, set to DOS
(default). If you are using anything else, set to OTHER.
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
Security Screen
The Security screen controls access to the computer. The
security screen allows for settings of two passwords. The
Supervisor Password allows access to the system and
Setup. The User Password allows access to the system, but
not to all Setup features.
Figure 4-5: Security Setup Screen
Set Supervisor Password
This selection controls access to the Setup utility. Press
the ENTER key to enter the Supervisor Password
submenu. The screen on the following page appears.
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
Figure 4-6: Supervisor Password Submenu
Type the password and press the ENTER key. Retype
the password and press the ENTER key again. Write
down the password somewhere safe so it will not be
forgotten. The password may be disabled by setting the
new password to nothing (pressing the ENTER key
without first typing a password).
WARNING: If you forget the Supervisor Password, it
cannot be disabled without discharging the CMOS.
Set User Password
This selection controls access to the Setup utility.
Follow the same procedure used to set the Supervisor
Password.
NOTE: After a password is entered, it is saved immediately. All other changes may still be discarded (see Exit
Screen).
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
Password on Boot
When enabled, the system requires a password upon
power up. Either the Supervisor or User Password may
be entered.
Fixed Disk Boot Sector
This selection allows the boot sector of the fixed disk to
be write protected. The default setting is Normal. When
set for Write Protected, it serves as a form of virus
protection. If the passwords are enabled, this option
may only be changed by the supervisor.
Diskette Access
This selection allows floppy disk access with an option of
the supervisor or user. Selecting Supervisor (default)
gives floppy disk access to the supervisor only. Selecting
User gives floppy disk access to both the user and the
supervisor. If the passwords are enabled, this option may
only be changed by the supervisor.
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
Power Screen
The Power screen controls the power management functions of the system. To move to the Power screen, use the
left and right arrow <←/→> keys until it appears. To
move between the categories, use the up and down arrow
keys <↑/↓>.
Figure 4-7: P ower Screen
Power Management
This selection allows you to change the system power
management settings. Maximum Power Savings conserves the greatest amount of system power. Maximum
Performance conserves power but allows greatest system
performance. To alter these settings, choose Customize.
To turn off power management, choose Disabled (default).
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
Standby Timeout
The Standby Timeout selection sets the amount of time
that elapses for the system to enter Standby Mode.
Standby Mode turns off various devices in the system,
including the display screen, until you start using the
system again. The options are Off (default), 1 min., 2
min., 4 min., 6 min., 8 min., 12 min. or 16 min.
Auto Suspend Timeout
The Standby Timeout selection sets the amount of time
that elapses for the system to enter Suspend Mode. The
options are Off (default), 5 min., 10 min., 15 min., 20
min., 30 min., 40 min. or 60 min. Before making changes,
"Customized" must be selected in the Power Management Mode selection.
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
Boot Screen
The Boot screen allows you to configure the power up
system configuration settings.
Figure 4-8: Boot Screen
Boot Sequence
Specifies the order of the boot sequence. The default
setting is A: then C:.
Boot Device Priority
This feature will set the search order for the types of
bootable devices.
Hard Drive Boot Order
The system will attempt to boot to the operating system
from the first hard drive listed. If no operating system is
found, the system will attempt to boot from the next
drive listed until an operating system is found.
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
Exit Screen
After you complete configuring the BIOS, select the Exit
screen.
Figure 4-8: Exit Screen
Choose “Save Changes and Exit” and reboot the computer. Your computer is ready for use.
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Chapter 4: The BIOS Setup Utility
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Chapter 5: Installing Device Drivers
Chapter
5
Installing Device Drivers
This chapter explains how to install the software device
drivers necessary to utilize the optional sound feature.
Other drivers and utilities are available through our
online services.
About Device Drivers
Device drivers are necessary for the computer system to
communicate with devices such as CD-ROM drives,
sound controllers, graphics adapters or devices that are
not natively supported by the system BIOS. Once started,
device drivers remain active in the background of the
computer system. Usually a device driver is added to the
CONFIG.SYS file, the AUTOEXEC.BAT file or both.
Installing the Sound Drivers
Once you have connected your external sound devices, you
can install the sound drivers. NOTE: If you are installing a
CD-ROM drive, it is recommended you install it before
setting up the sound devices. See Installing a CD-ROM
Drive in Chapter 3.
1.Follow the instructions in Chapter 3 on connecting external sound devices.
2.If you previously installed another sound card, remove
it and all associated files from your AUTOEXEC.BAT
and CONFIG.SYS files. If you are using Windows 3.1x,
you must also remove all associated files from the
WIN.INI and SYSTEM.INI files. (For more information, please contact the sound driver manufacturer.)
3.Start your computer system.
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Chapter 5: Installing Device Drivers
4.Insert the sound driver disk into your floppy drive.
5.If you are using Windows 3.1x, go to the Program Manager File menu, click on Run and type A:\SETUP.
6.If you are using Windows 95, refer to the Windows 95
user’s manual for instructions on how to install sound
drivers.
7.If you are using OS/2, refer to the README file on
the OS/2 disk for instructions on how to install sound
drivers.
8.Once the software is copied, the install program
automatically updates the system files.
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Appendix A: Technical Information
AppendixSpecifications
Part Number:09-00316
A
Processor:Single ZIF socket 8
Intel Pentium
cessors.
Integrated VRM
Chipset:Intel 440FX PCIset
PIIX 3
SMC FDC37C93x Ultra I/O chip
CPU Clock Select: Support for 66MHz CPU bus
Form Factor:ATX form factor (12" x 9.6")
Stacked connectors
Expansion:Four 32-bit PCI slots
Four 16-bit ISA slots
(One is a shared PCI/ISA slot)
BIOS:Phoenix 4.0X Plug and Play BIOS on
2MB Flash.
PCI auto configuration
APM 1.2
Auto-detection of memory size
Auto-detection and display of EDO
memory.
Auto-configuration of IDE hard disk
types.
Auto detection of CPU fan failure
(LM78).
Soft Power Down
Multi-boot II
DMI
Pro 180-200MHz pro-
Memory:Maximum memory - 1 GByte
Four 3.3V unbuffered 64-bit 168-pin
DIMM sockets.
Supports FPM and EDO DRAM
ECC supported via chipset when
using parity.
Keyboard/Mouse:PS/2 compatible
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Appendix A: Technical Information
Onboard Sound: Yamaha OPL3 and OPL4
(optional)Sound Blaster
Compatible 16-bit Stereo
Line-In, Line-Out, MIC and Game/MIDI ports
CD-ROM audio header
Modem audio header
Line-in header (ATAPI)
Built-in Wavetable
Sound drivers - Windows 3.1x, 95, NT, DOS 6.x
I/O Ports:Two high speed serial ports (16550 compatible)
Enhanced Parallel Port with ECP and EPP support
IrDA compliant IR header
Two USB ports
Floppy Port:Auto-detection and support of two floppy drives
(2.88MB, 1.44MB, 1.2MB, 720K, 360K).
PCI IDE Ports:Mode 4 Enhanced IDE w/ Bus Mastering
Two resident 40-pin IDE connector
Multiple sector transfer support
Auto detection of add-in IDE board
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Appendix A: Technical Information
Environmental Specifications
The environment in which the Invader ATX is located is critical.
Micronics recommends the following environmental specifications:
Temperature Range
Operating: 50 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit (10 to 40 degrees
Celsius).
Non -Operating: 50 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit (10 to 60 degrees
Celsius).
Shipping:22 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit (-30 to 60 degrees
Celsius).
Relative Humidity
Operating: 20% to 80%.
Non-Operating: 5% to 90%
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Appendix A: Technical Information
Battery Disposal
WARNING:
Please do not open battery, dispose of in fire, recharge, put in
backwards or mix with used or other battery types. The battery may
explode or leak and cause personal injury.
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Appendix A: Technical Information
Support and Information Services
Micronics offers a variety of support and information services to help you get the most from your product. The
following services are available:
▲ Technical Support
▲ Electronic Bulletin Board Service (BBS)
▲ Return Materials Authorization (RMA)
▲ Fax-On-Demand
▲ World Wide Web
▲ Customer Service
Refer to Table A-1 for details on these services.
Technical Support
If you need technical assistance, our Technical Support
Engineers will be glad to help you. You can contact us via
telephone, fax or BBS. Before calling Technical Support
please have the following information ready:
❏ The model name and 09 part number of your Micronics
product.
❏ Your computer information such as CPU type, operating
system, amount of installed memory and other peripherals installed in your computer.
❏ Try to call from the location of your computer.
NOTE: For Return Material Authorization purposes, please
keep a copy of your product receipt.
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Appendix A: Technical Information
ServiceHoursCountryTelephone Number
Technical Support - Live phone help
from Technical Support Engineers
Electronic Bulletin Board Service
(BBS) - Information on software
upgrades, new releases and other
helpful information
RMA (Return Materials
Authorization) - Return products for
repair
Fax-On-Demand - Automated
system for product literature,
technical bulletins and other helpful
information
World Wide Web - Product
information, technical support, press
releases and other helpful
information
Customer Service - Order Micronics
and Orchid products
The following table lists the Power On Self Test (POST)
messages, possible causes and solutions.
MessagePossible CauseSolution
DISKETTE DRIVE A
FAILURE
DISKETTE DRIVE B
FAILURE
EXTENDED RAM
FAILED AT
OFFSET: nnnn
FAILING BITS: nnnn
FIXED DISK X
FAILURE (where X
=0 or 1)
FIXED DISK
CONTROLLER
FAILURE
INCORRECT DRIVE
A TYPE
INCORRECT DRIVE
B TYPE
INVAL ID NV R A M
MEDIA TYPE
KEYBOARD
ERRO R, or
KEYBOARD
CONTROLLER
ERROR
KEYBOARD
ERROR nn
KEYBOARD
LOCKED
Drive A failed or is
missing.
Drive B failed or is
missing.
Extend ed m em ory not
working or configured
properly.
Memory fail ur e in
System, Extended, or
Shadow memory.
The hard disk is not
confi gured or working
properly.
The controller card has
failed.
Floppy drive A: not set
correctly in Setup.
Floppy drive A: not set
correctly in Setup.
NVRAM chip is bad.Requires repair of system
The keybo ard or
keyboard controller
failed.
A key is jammed or was
held down during boot.
Keyswitch on the front of
the case is locked.
Check Setup and cable
connections.
Check Setup and cable
connections.
Replac e defective
memory.
Replac e defective
memory.
Rerun SETUP and check
connections, or repl ace
hard disk.
Check configuration and
connections, or repl ace
contro ller card.
Run Setup.
Run Setup.
board.
Check connections. You
may have to replace the
keyboard or controller.
Make sure the keys are
not jam m e d or di rt y .
Unlock the keyswitch.
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Appendix B: POST Messages
MessagePossible CauseSolution
MONI TOR TYPE
DOES NOT M ATCH
CMOS
OPERATING
SYSTEM NOT
FOUND
Monitor type not
correctly iden tified in
Setup.
Operating system
cannot be located on
Drive C: or Dri ve A:
Run Setup and enter
correct monitor type.
Check Se tu p to se e if
Drive A: an d C: are
properl y configured, o r
put a boota bl e disk in
Drive A:
PARITY CHECK 1
nnnn
PARITY CHECK 2
nnnn
PREVIOUS BOO T
INCOMP LETE DEFAULT
CONFIGURATIO N
USED
REAL TIME CLOCK
ERROR
SHADOW RAM
FAILED AT OFFSET
SYSTEM BATTERY
IS DEAD
SYSTE M CACHE
ERROR - CA CHE
DISABLED
SYSTEM CMOS
CHECKSUM BAD RUN SETUP
Parity err or found in the
system bu s.
Parity err or found in the
I/O bus.
Previous POST did not
complete su ccessfully.
Real-time clock failed
BIOS te st.
Shadow RAM failed.May require repair of
System battery died.Replace the system
External (L2) cache
failed BIOS test.
System CMOS has been
corrupt ed or m odified
incorrectly.
Check Setup. Board
repair may be required.
Check Setup. Board
repair may be required.
Run Setup, load default
BIOS settings, make any
necess ary adjustment s,
and save the changes
May require battery
replacem ent or board
repair.
system board.
battery and run Setup to
reconfigure the syste m .
System wi ll st i l l run, but
slower. Replace cach e
at co nvenienc e.
Run Setu p and
reconfigure the syste m .
SYSTEM RAM
FAILED AT
OFFSET: nn nn
SYSTEM TIMER
ERROR
58
System RAM failed.Replace def e ctive RAM.
Timer test failed.Requires repair of system
board.
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Appendix C: Beep and POST Codes
Appendix
C
Beep and POST Codes
Beep codes are a series of beeps sent through the
speaker which indicate a problem during the Power On
Self Test (POST). If text appears on the video screen,
the Invader ATX has completed POST; any other tone
from the speaker indicates something other than a
POST error. These tones are not described in the tables
on the following pages.
The beep error codes are a series of beeps. The duration
of the beep tones are constant, but the length of the
pauses between the beeps varies. For example: a 1-33 beep code will sound like one beep, a pause; three
beeps consecutively, another pause and then three
more beeps.
One beep code is often misunderstood. If a video card
is not installed or is failing, the system board will
generate a long-short-long-short beep code. This is
often interpreted as a 1-2-1 beep code. But POST
errors always vary in the length of the pause and not the
duration of the beep tone.
Another way of identifying a POST error is to use a
device called a POST card. This peripheral card is
inserted into one of the ISA slots and has an LED (or
LCD) read out showing the contents of port 80h.
The following tables list all beep codes and POST
routines.
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Appendix C: Beep and POST Codes
CodeBeepsPOST Routine Descriptio n
02Verify Real Mode.
04Get CPU type.
06Initialize system hardware.
08Initialize chipset registers with initial POST values.
09Get in POST Reg.
0AInitialize CPU registers.
0CInitialize cache initial POST values.
OEInitialize I/O.
OFInitialize the localbus IDE.
10Initialize Power Management.
11Load alternate registers with initial POST values.
12Jump to UserPatch0.
14Initializ e keyboa rd contr oll er .
162-2-3BIOS ROM checksum.
188254 timer initialization.
1A8237 DMA controller initialization.
1CReset Programmable Interrupt Controller.
203-1-1Test DRAM refresh.
223-1-3Test 8742 Keyboard Controller.
24Set ES segment register to 4 GB.
28Autosize DRAM.
2AClear 512K base RAM.
2C3-4-1Test 512K base address lines.
2E3-4-3Test 512K base memory.
32Test CPU bus-clock frequency.
34Test CMOS RAM.
35Initialize alternate chipset registers.
37Reinitialize the chipset (MB only).
38Shadow system BIOS ROM.
39Reiniti aliz e the cache (M B only).
3AAutosize cache.
3CConfigure advanced chipset registers.
3DLoad alternate registers with CMOS values.
40Set initial CPU speed.
42Initialize interrupt vectors.
44Initialize BIOS interrupts.
462-1-2-3Check ROM copyright notice.
47Initiali ze man ager for PCI Opti on ROMs.
48Check video confi gur ation agains t CMOS.
49Initiali ze PCI bus and devices.
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Appendix C: Beep and POST Codes
CodeBeepsPOST Routine Description
4AInitialize all video adapters in system.
4CShadow video BIOS ROM.
4EDisplay copyright notice.
50Display CPU type and speed.
51Initialize EISA board.
52Test keyboard.
54Set key click if enabled.
56Enable keyboard.
582-2-3-1Test for unexpected interrupts.
5ADisplay prompt “Press F2 to enter SETUP”.
5CTest RAM between 512 and 640k.
60Test extended memory.
62Test extended memory address lines.
64Jump to UserPatch1.
66Configure advanced cache registers.
68Enable external and CPU caches.
6ADisplay external cache size.
6CDisplay shadow message.
6EDisplay non-disposable segments.
70Display error messages.
72Check for configuration errors.
74Test real-time clock.
76Check for keyboard errors.
7CSet up hardware interrupt vectors.
7ETest coprocessor if present.
The following are for boot block in Flas h ROM:
E2Initialize the chipset.
E3Initialize refresh counter.
E4Check for Forced Flash.
E5Check HW status of ROM.
E6BIOS ROM is OK.
E7Do a complete RAM test.
E8Do OEM initialization.
E9Initialize interrupt controller.
EARead in the bootstrap code.
EBInitialize all vectors.
ECBoot the Flash program.
EDInitialize the boot device.
EEBoot code w as read OK.
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Appendix D: Hard Disk Drive Types
Appendix
D
Hard Disk Drive Types
The following table lists the IDE hard disk types supported by the Invader ATX.
If you
encounter
any
problems
during this
process, or
if you have
questions
about the
procedure,
please call
Technical
Support.
Updating the System BIOS
The Micronics system boards are designed so that the
BIOS can be reprogrammed using a BIOS file. You can
easily FLASH a BIOS by following the steps below:
1) After downloading the appropriate BIOS file from
our BBS or Website, extract it to a bootable MSDOS 6.X diskette.
2) Reboot your system with the MS-DOS 6.X diskette
in the A: drive. To make sure a clean DOS environment is loaded, press the F5 key while “Starting MSDOS” is displayed. After the system has rebooted,
the cursor will appear at the A:> prompt.
3) Now you can run the FLASH utility. The filename
should be “PHLASH.EXE.” Type this filename at
the A:> prompt (but don’t include its extension),
followed by a space and the BIOS ROM image’s
filename. This file will be included in the download
and has a file length of about 131K or 262K. For
example, to update the Invader ATX to BIOS
version 01, you would type:
PHLASH InvAT_01.ROM [ENTER]
4) After the update process has completed and the
system reboots, verify that the new BIOS version
appears on-screen. If you have problems during this
process, or if you have questions about the procedure, please call Technical Support.
NOTE: If the BIOS is somehow erased or does not seem
to accept the upgrade, you can purchase a new BIOS
from MicroNiche Information Systems (800-733-9188).
There is a $30.00 fee plus shipping charges for this
service. (Price and availability subject to change.)
If you prefer to send your system board in for the
upgrade, the Micronics RMA department offers this
service free of charge if your system board is under
warranty.
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Appendix E: Updating the System BIOS
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Appendix F: Warranties and Notices
Appendix
F
Limited Warranty
Except as described below, Micronics warrants the products to be free from defects in material and workmanship
in normal use for a period of one (1) year from date of
purchase. Should any product fail to perform according
to this warranty at any time during the warranty period,
except as provided below, Micronics or its authorized
service centers will, at Micronics’ option, repair or replace the product at no additional charge.
The warranty does not cover loss or damage which occurs
in shipment or which is due to: (1) improper installation
or maintenance, misuse, neglect or any cause other than
ordinary commercial application, including without limitation, accidents or acts of God; (2) adjustment, repair,
or modification by other than a Micronics authorized
service center; (3) improper environment, excessive or
inadequate heating or air conditioning, or electrical
power failures, surges or other irregularities; (4) any
statement about the product other than those set forth in
this warranty; or (5) nonconformity to models or samples
shown to the purchaser. Any models or samples were for
the sole purpose of suggesting the character of the
product and are not intended to form the basis of the
bargain.
A receipt or copy of the invoice with the date of purchase
from a Micronics reseller is required before any warranty
service can be rendered. Service can be obtained by
calling Micronics for a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) Number.
The RMA Number should be prominently displayed on
the outside of the shipping carton of the returned product. Returned product should be shipped prepaid or hand
carried to Micronics. The purchaser assumes risk of loss
or damage in transit, and unless otherwise agreed to in
writing by Micronics, will pay inbound shipping charges.
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Appendix F: Warranties and Notices
The exclusive remedy of the purchaser under this warranty above will be repair or replace at Micronics’ option,
but if for any reason that remedy should fail of its essential
purpose, the exclusive remedy of the purchaser shall then
be actual damages up to amounts paid for the defective
product by the purchaser. This limited warranty shall be
deemed to “fail of its essential purpose” if, after repeated
efforts, Micronics is unable to make the product operate
as warranted. Micronics’ liability for damages to the
purchaser for any cause whatsoever; regardless of the
form of action and whether in contract or in tort, shall be
limited to the purchase price in effect when the cause of
action arose for the product that is the basis of the claim.
Micronics will not be liable for any lost profits or any
indirect, special incidental or consequential damages in
connection with the product, even if Micronics has been
advised of the possibility of such damages.
Micronics makes no warranties or representations as to
performance of products or as to service to distributor or
to any person, except as set forth in Micronics; limited
warranty accompanying delivery of product.
Micronics disclaims all other warranties whether oral,
written, expressed, or implied, including without limitation, the warranties of design, merchantability, or fitness
for a particular purpose, if applicable, or arising from a
course of dealing, usage or trade practice.
Non-Warranty Service
After the one year warranty service is no longer in effect,
repair service is still available for Micronics products. For
more information, contact Micronics’ RMA department
at (510) 661-3030. The RMA department is open between 8:30 A.M. and 4:45P.M. Pacific Standard Time.
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Appendix F: Warranties and Notices
FCC Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply
within the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to
Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if
not used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. Interference to radio or television reception can be determined
by turning the equipment off and on. You are encouraged
to try to correct the interference by one or more of the
following measures:
▲Reorient the receiving antenna.
▲Increase the separation between the equipment
and the receiver.
▲Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit
different from that to which the receiver is connected.
▲Consult your dealer or an experienced radio/TV
technician for help.
To meet FCC requirements, shielded cables are required.
NOTE: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by
Micronics could void your authority to operate the equipment.
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Glossary
Glossary
16550 UART - A high speed chip for
controlling serial ports. Although unnecessary for a mouse, it is required
for modems that are 14,400 baud or
faster.
ATX - A system board size measuring
approximately 12” x 9.6”.
Asynchronous - Operations that do
not require the clocks of communicating devices to be coordinated. See
Synchronous.
Bidirectional Parallel Port - A type of
parallel port that can send and receive
information.
BIOS - An Acronym for Basic Input/
Output System. Configures the system board and provides hardware information to the operating system.
Bit - A contraction of Binary digit.
The smallest unit of information in a
binary number system. A bit represents a choice between either zero or
one.
Boot - To start up the computer and
load the operating system software.
See cold boot and warm boot.
Byte - A group of adjacent bits treated
as a unit. Eight bits are typically considered one byte. Also called a character.
Cache - A process where information
is copied from the slower memory
(DRAM) to the faster memory
(SRAM). Information that is likely to
be read or edited is stored in the cache
providing significant performance increases.
Cache Hit - The percentage of request for data from memory that can
be served from the cache.
Cache Miss - A memory access which
cannot be supplied from cache.
Cold Boot - Starting the computer by
turning on the power or pressing the
RESET button. A cold boot makes the
processor execute all of the diagnostics. See boot and warm boot.
CPU - An acronym for Central Processing Unit. A CPU performs arithmetic calculations, makes logical
decisions, and directs the operation of
the computer in conjunction with the
operating system.
Bus - A group of electronic paths used
to send data between parts of the system. On a system board, the bus connects the peripheral cards with the
microprocessor via the expansion
slots.
Bus Mastering - The ability of a
peripheral card to control the bus
without requiring intervention of the
CPU.
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DIMM - An acronym for Dual Inline
Memory Module. A small printed circuit board containing memory chips.
Disk Drive - A hardware device
which provides for the storage of data
on diskettes or hard metal disks that
have a magnetic coating. A disk drive
functions by spinning at high speed
while moving a device called the
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Glossary
read/write head across the disk’s surface in order to read or write data in
magnetic code.
DRAM - An acronym for Dynamic
Random Access Memory. A type of
memory chip that only keeps its
memory if supplied with regular clock
pulses and a chance to regularly refresh its data. It is slower and more
cost effective than SRAM. See
SRAM.
ECC - An acronym for Error Checking and Correction. ECC enables parity checking and can detect and correct memory errors on the system
board.
ECP - An acronym for Expanded
Capabilities Port. A standard set by
Hewlett Packard and Microsoft Corporation to expand the capabilities of
the parallel port.
EDO Memory - An acronym for Extended Data Out. A type of DRAM
with built-in cache for enhanced performance.
EPP - An acronym for Enhanced Parallel Port. A standard which increases
the capabilities of the parallel port.
EPROM - Acronym for Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. A
type of ROM chip that can be programmed with relatively simple tools
that will retain its data until erased.
It can only be erased by exposing the
circuitry in the chip to ultraviolet
light. See also Flash ROM.
Flash ROM - A type of ROM chip
that will retain its data until erased. It
can be erased or reprogrammed by
supplying it with +12V of voltage. See
ROM and EPROM.
Gigabyte - A disk storage capacity
measurement. Approximately one
thousand megabytes or 1,073,741,824
bytes.
IDE - An acronym for Integrated
Device Electronics. A standard for
communicating between a hard drive
and a computer.
Internal Cache - Cache which is built
into the CPU. See Cache.
ISA - An acronym for Industry Standard Architecture. A well-established
bus standard that originated with the
IBM AT. See PCI, VESA Local Bus
and EISA.
Parallel - A form of data transmission
in which the data is sent one byte at a
time over several wires that each carry
one byte. In parallel transmission, all
the bytes arrive simultaneously, as opposed to serial transmission in which
bits arrive one by one.
Parallel Port - A connection for a
printer or similar peripheral. Generally, parallel ports are output only. See
Bidirectional Parallel Port and ECP.
PCI - An acronym for Peripheral
Component Interconnect. A high performance 32-bit or 64-bit bus developed by Intel Corporation. PCI is
designed to be independent of the
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Glossary
hardware architecture to ensure compatibility with future computer systems. See EISA, VESA Local Bus and
ISA.
Pentium - A high performance 64-bit
CISC processor designed and manufactured by Intel Corporation.
Plug and Play - A standard developed
to ensure easy installation of peripherals. Theoretically, a newly installed
card will automatically configure itself
and work properly without requiring
jumper configuration or device drivers.
POST - An acronym for Power On
Self Test. A diagnostic program that
is run whenever the system is cold
booted.
RAM - An acronym for Random
Access Memory. A type of memory
that is used as the “working memory”
of a computer system. See DRAM and
SRAM.
ROM - An acronym for Read Only
Memory. A type of memory that retains its data without requiring power.
Once written, it cannot be modified.
See EPROM and Flash ROM.
Serial - A type of data transmission
in which the data is sent one bit at a
time over a single wire. See Parallel.
Serial Port - A communications port
used to connect peripherals such as
modems and mice.
Setup - A program that allows you to
make changes to the system configuration.
Shadow RAM - A technique used to
load a duplicate copy of BIOS from
slower ROM into faster RAM. This
enhances system performance because it provides higher access speed
to the BIOS.
SRAM - An acronym for Static Random Access Memory. A type of
memory that can retain data without
requiring a regular clock signal.
Although they are faster than DRAM,
they hold less data and are more expensive.
Synchronous - Protocols that require
the clocks of communicating machines or devices to be coordinated.
Synchronous Cache - A type of cache
that uses a clock signal to latch the
inputs and the data output. This structure spreads the cache access across
two or three cycles while maintaining
a bandwidth of one access per cycle.
Improves performance by 5-10%.
Terabyte storage capacity. One Terabyte is equivalent one-thousand gigabytes, one-million
megabytes, or 1,099,511,627,766 bytes.
VESA - An acronym for Video Electronics and Standards Association.
VESA Local Bus (VL-Bus) - A high
performance bus designed by VESA.
A 32-bit version of the ISA bus which
A measurement for very large
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operates at the speed of the
computer’s CPU. See PCI, EISA and
ISA.
VRM - Voltage Regulator Module.
Supplies CPU specific voltages for the
Secondary CPU.
Warm Boot - Restarting the system
by simultaneously pressing the
<Ctrl>, <Alt> and <Delete> keys.
Write-Back Cache - Upon a cache
hit, the cache is updated and the main
memory is not affected. Upon a cache
miss, only the main memory is updated.
Write-Through Cache - Upon a
cache hit, the cache and the main
memory are updated. Upon a cache
miss, only the main memory is updated.
Glossary
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Index
Index
A
ATX
Chassis - 18
Form Factor - 18
Power Supply - 18
B
Back Panel Connections - 12
Battery Disposal - 54
Beep and POST Codes - 59
BIOS
Configuration - 31
Setup - 31
Bulletin Board System (BBS) - 55
74
C
Configuring the Invader ATX - 11
Connecting
Sound Option - 28
D
Diagram (Invader ATX) - 12
E
Extended Data Out (EDO) Memory - 17, 19
Environmental Specifications - 53
Error Checking (ECC) - 17, 19