Micro Motion Manual: Oil and Gas Production Applications-PVR, TBR, TMR | Micro Motion Manuals & Guides

Supplement

MMI-20026578, Rev AD

January 2022

Micro Motion™ Multiphase Applications

Production Volume Reconciliation (PVR) | Transient Bubble
Remediation (TBR) | Transient Mist Remediation (TMR)

Safety messages

Safety messages are provided throughout this manual to protect personnel and equipment. Read each safety message carefully
before proceeding to the next step.

Safety and approval information

This Micro Motion product complies with all applicable European directives when properly installed in accordance with the
instructions in this manual. Refer to the EU declaration of conformity for directives that apply to this product. The following are
available: the EU declaration of conformity, with all applicable European directives, and the complete ATEX Installation Drawings
and Instructions. In addition the IECEx Installation Instructions for installations outside of the European Union and the CSA
Installation Instructions for installations in North America are available on the internet at www.emerson.com or through your local
Micro Motion support center.

Information affixed to equipment that complies with the Pressure Equipment Directive, can be found on the internet at

www.emerson.com. For hazardous installations in Europe, refer to standard EN 60079-14 if national standards do not apply.

Other information

Full product specifications can be found in the product data sheet. Troubleshooting information can be found in the configuration
manual. Product data sheets and manuals are available from the Micro Motion web site at www.emerson.com.

Return policy

Follow Micro Motion procedures when returning equipment. These procedures ensure legal compliance with government
transportation agencies and help provide a safe working environment for Micro Motion employees. Micro Motion will not accept
your returned equipment if you fail to follow Micro Motion procedures.

Return procedures and forms are available on our web support site at www.emerson.com, or by phoning the Micro Motion
Customer Service department.

Emerson Flow customer service

Email:

• Worldwide: [e-mail]

• Asia-Pacific: [e-mail]

Telephone:

North and South America

United States 800-522-6277 U.K. and Ireland 0870 240 1978 Australia 800 158 727

Canada [phone] The Netherlands [phone]

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6666

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901

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111

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UAE 800 0444 0684

2

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MMI-20026578 January 2022

Contents

Chapter 1 Before you begin........................................................................................................5

1.1 About this application manual..................................................................................................... 5

1.2 ProLink III requirements............................................................................................................... 5

1.3 Ordering options......................................................................................................................... 6

1.4 Additional documentation from Micro Motion ............................................................................6

1.5 Terms and definitions.................................................................................................................. 7

1.6 PVR, TBR, and TMR applications...................................................................................................8

Chapter 2 Production Volume Reconciliation (PVR).................................................................. 11

2.1 Understanding the PVR application............................................................................................11

2.2 Density determination...............................................................................................................14

2.3 Configure Production Volume Reconciliation (PVR) using ProLink III ......................................... 18

Chapter 3 Transient Bubble Remediation (TBR)........................................................................ 21

3.1 Understanding the TBR application............................................................................................21

3.2 Configure Transient Bubble Remediation (TBR) using ProLink III ................................................23

Chapter 4 Transient Mist Remediation (TMR)........................................................................... 25

4.1 Understanding the TMR application...........................................................................................25

4.2 Configure Transient Mist Remediation (TMR) using ProLink III ...................................................27

Chapter 5 Display variables...................................................................................................... 29

5.1 Display variables available with PVR, TBR, and TMR....................................................................29

Appendix A Application parameters and data............................................................................. 31

A.1 PVR parameters and data.......................................................................................................... 31

A.2 TBR parameters and data...........................................................................................................37

A.3 TMR parameters and data..........................................................................................................38

Appendix B Best practices for two-phase measurement performance......................................... 41

B.1 Entrained gas performance........................................................................................................41

B.2 Entrained liquid (mist) performance.......................................................................................... 42

B.3 Density determination...............................................................................................................44

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Contents Supplement

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4 Micro Motion Multiphase Applications

Supplement Before you begin

MMI-20026578 January 2022

1 Before you begin

1.1 About this application manual

This application manual explains how to configure the Production Volume Reconciliation
application (PVR), the Transient Bubble Remediation application (TBR), and the Transient
Mist Remediation application (TMR), using ProLink III.

These three applications are available for Micro Motion MVD™ Coriolis meters in an MVD
Direct Connect installation.

PVR, TMR, and TBR are also available for Micro Motion Model 1500, Model 1700,
Model 2500, and Model 2700 transmitters.

This application manual does not provide information on installation of any sensors or
transmitters, or on general configuration. This information can be found in the applicable
sensor installation manual, transmitter installation manual, or transmitter configuration
manual.

Related information

Additional documentation from Micro Motion

1.2 ProLink III requirements

To use this manual, you must have ProLink III Professional v4.0 or later, and you must be
able to connect from ProLink III to the transmitter or core processor.

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January 2022 MMI-20026578

1.3 Ordering options

For 800 core processor direct connect installations, PVR, TBR, and TMR are available as
Engineering To Order (ETO) applications. PVR and TMR are available individually or in
combination with Smart Meter Verification.

PVR, TMR, and TBR features are now available in the standard product when ordered on
1500, 1700, and 2500 Transmitter Models. The ETO is not required on the 800 core
processor when used with a transmitter.

To order one of these applications, an ETO must be purchased for the core processor (see

Table 1-1). This ETO enables use of the application in an MVD™ Direct Connect installation.

Table 1-1: Core processor ETOs for PVR, TBR, and TMR

Application Direct connect

core processor

PVR Enhanced 22166 22701 Mixture of oil and

TBR Enhanced 13386 25699 Liquid with gas Liquid flow rate and

Standard 12806 Not available. Liquid with gas Liquid flow rate and

TMR Enhanced 18922 22706 Gas with entrained

Individual
application

ETO number Process fluid Desired

Application
with
Smart
Meter
Verification
(SMV)

water

liquid (mist)

measurement

Net oil (dry oil at
reference conditions)
and net water flow

totals

totals

Gas flow rate and
totals

Restriction

Only one ETO can be installed in the transmitter or core processor at a time.

1.4 Additional documentation from Micro Motion

Table 1-2: Additional documentation for PVR, TBR, and TMR installations

Document Use

Micro Motion® MVD™ Direct Connect Meters:
Installation Manual

Sensor installation manual for your sensor Installation and wiring for the sensor

Configuration manual for your transmitter Configuration, operation, maintenance, and

ProLink III User Manual

Modbus Interface Tool

6 Micro Motion Multiphase Applications

Installation and wiring for the MVD Direct
Connect flowmeter

troubleshooting for features that are not related
to PVR, TBR, or TMR

Installation and use of ProLink III

Programming the Modbus host

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MMI-20026578 January 2022

1.5 Terms and definitions

The terms used to describe Multiphase applications vary widely. This manual, and the PVR,
TBR, and TMR applications, use the terms defined here.

Terms used in PVR,
TBR, and TMR

at Reference

At Line

At Reference
density

At Line volume

At Reference
volume

Mixture

Water cut

Entrained,
entrainment

Remediation

Shrinkage

The process of calculating the value of a process variable at
reference temperature, starting from the value of the process
variable at line temperature (the measured value)

The density of the process fluid at line temperature

The density of the process fluid at reference temperature (60 °F)
that is equivalent to its density at line temperature

The volume of the process fluid at line temperature

The volume of the process fluid at reference temperature (60 °F)
that is equivalent to its volume at line temperature

The process fluid before separation, such as a combination of oil
and water, or gas, oil, and water

The volume fraction of water in the liquid mixture, in %

The presence of small amounts of gas in a liquid stream, or liquid
in a gas stream

An adjustment applied to a process variable during periods of
entrained gas or mist when a substitute density value has been
used for volume calculation (PVR and TBR) or the flow rate has
been increased or decreased to compensate for unmeasured flow
(TMR).

The change in liquid volume between the measurement point and
a stock tank due to lighter hydrocarbons evaporating. This is
caused by the stock tank being at a lower pressure, further below
the bubble point of the oil. The shrinkage factor is a user-input
factor, based on a PVT (pressure-volume-temperature) test of the
oil.

Shrinkage Meter
Factor

These terms can be combined in several ways to describe different process variables. The
following table provides several examples, but is not a complete list of possibilities.

Table 1-3: Examples of process variable names

Process variable name Description

Volume Total (unremediated) The total, by volume, of the mixture (oil/water/gas combination),

Volume Total (remediated) The total, by volume, of the oil/water minus the volume

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Used just like the normal Meter Factor, when proving the meter
against liquid measurement at stock tank conditions.

as measured

attributable to gas

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Table 1-3: Examples of process variable names (continued)

Process variable name Description

Oil Total at Line The total amount of oil measured since the last totalizer reset, at

line temperature, with no adjustment for temperature variation

Water Cut at Reference The percentage of water in the oil, as if the measurement had

been taken at 60 °F

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1.6 PVR, TBR, and TMR applications

PVR, TBR, and TMR are applications designed to provide more accurate process data in the
presence of multiple phases. For example, if bubbles are present in the process fluid, or the
process fluid is flashing, the volume measurements are often incorrect.

Production Volume Reconciliation (PVR)

• Provides oil and water volumes through density-based calculations for both line and

reference conditions

• Detects bubble entrainment or flashing in the sensor, and can correct volumes

accordingly

• Best for undersized three-phase separators that frequently have intermittent gas or

water contamination in the oil leg

• Offers a simple, low-cost solution for net oil and net water measurement for two-phase

separators

Transient Bubble Remediation (TBR)

• Used with single-component liquid streams that may experience intermittent low

levels of gas entrainment, that is, gas carryunder

• Enables accurate measurement of a single fluid during periods of entrained gas by

providing a substitute density value based on the immediately preceding process
density (standard configuration)

• Tracks total time of aerated flow to assist in diagnosing process issues that may cause

aeration

Transient Mist Remediation (TMR)

• Used with gas streams that may experience intermittent low levels of liquid

entrainment, i.e., liquid carry-over

• Allows gas measurement to continue during periods of entrained liquid (mist) by

providing a substitute flow rate value based on the immediately preceding process
flow rate

• Returns to reporting the measured flow rate when the mist interval is over, increased

or decreased by a maximum of 10%, until flow totals are appropriately adjusted for the
unmeasured flow

• Provides an indication of the amount of time that liquid was present in the stream —

identifying process improvements to reduce gas stream contamination

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1.6.1 Illustrations of PVR, TBR, and TMR installations

PVR, TBR, and TMR can be used with two-phase separators and three-phase separators.

Note

These illustrations do not show all possible combinations.

Figure 1-1: PVR, TBR, or TMR with two-phase separator

A. From wellhead
B. Separator
C. Gas leg

D. Oil/water leg

E. Coriolis sensor with PVR or TBR
F. Coriolis sensor with TMR

G. Modbus host (flow computer)

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Figure 1-2: PVR, TBR, or TMR with three-phase separator

A. From wellhead
B. Separator
C. Water leg

D. Oil leg

E. Gas leg
F. Coriolis sensor with PVR or TBR

G. Coriolis sensor with PVR (optional, used in applications where oil measurement is needed in the water leg to

detect a malfunctioning separator)

H. Coriolis sensor with TMR

I. Modbus host (flow computer)

10 Micro Motion Multiphase Applications

A

B

C

t

ρ

D

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MMI-20026578 January 2022

2 Production Volume Reconciliation

(PVR)

2.1 Understanding the PVR application

PVR is used in oil and gas separation applications to compensate for gas and/or water
contamination in the oil leg of a three-phase separator. It is also used to quantify the oil
and water volumes in the liquid leg of a two-phase separator.

PVR uses the meter's drive gain to indicate if there is entrained gas or transient bubbles in
the liquid stream, and adjust the measurement accordingly. Under normal circumstances,
i.e., no entrained gas or bubbles, the application uses the Net Oil Computer (NOC)
algorithm to calculate and quantify the volumes of oil and water in the liquid stream.

Net Oil Computer (NOC)

The Net Oil Computer algorithm calculates the water fraction of the liquid stream so that
the amount of oil and the amount of water can be determined. The algorithm measures
the volume of oil, corrected to a reference temperature, that is contained within the gross
volume of produced fluid.

Compensating for gas in the liquid

Entrained gas, or bubbles in the process fluid, has a negative effect on liquid volume
measurement accuracy. The Coriolis sensor calculates volume based on direct density and
mass measurements. When a bubble is present, mixture density is reduced, causing the
reported volume to be higher than the actual liquid volume. The presence of bubbles is
reflected in the drive gain. The following figure shows how the change in drive gain affects
density measurement.

Figure 2-1: Effect of transient bubbles on drive gain and density measurement

A. Density

B. Drive gain (actual)
C. Transient bubble condition
D. Drive gain (%)

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A transient bubble condition is defined in terms of the sensor's drive gain: If the drive gain
exceeds the configured threshold for more than a specified interval, the selected PVR
action is performed. The transient bubble interval persists until drive gain is below the
configured threshold for the specified interval.

PVR volume calculation during bubble events

If the drive gain threshold is exceeded, the volume calculation for the period of high drive
gain can be handled in one of three ways.

Option Description

Hold Last Value

Use Input Density of
Dry Oil Converted to
Line Conditions

Alert Only

Use an average density value from an earlier point in the process
to calculate volume. If this option is chosen, the water cut from
the point just before the bubble event is effectively held
constant throughout the bubble event.

Convert the density of dry oil at reference temperature (a user­configured value) to density at line temperature, and calculate
volume. This option assumes that all volume during the bubble
event is dry oil.

Post an alert.

12 Micro Motion Multiphase Applications

C

B

E

A

F

D D

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MMI-20026578 January 2022

Processing for Hold Last Value

This option directs the application to retrieve measured density data from an earlier point
in the process. The earlier point is identified by the configured PVR Lookback Period. The
density values around this point are averaged, and this average is then used in oil
calculations.

The following figure shows the substitution of average density data during the transient
bubble interval.

Figure 2-2: Hold Last Value in operation

A. Density

B. PVR Drive Gain Threshold
C. Drive gain (actual)
D. PVR Lookback Period

E. Averaged density values

F. Drive gain (%)

Note

If the point defined by PVR Lookback Period happens to fall into a previous transient
bubble interval, the application automatically extends the lookback interval as required so
that the average is calculated from measured density data rather than substituted density
values. In the illustration, the first average is applied to several transient bubble events.

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2.2 Density determination

To configure Production Volume Reconciliation (PVR), you must know the density of dry
oil at reference temperature, and the density of produced water at reference temperature.

Related information

Density determination using the data log from ProLink III
Density determination using a petroleum laboratory

2.2.1 Density determination using the data log from ProLink III

To configure Production Volume Reconciliation (PVR), you must know the density of dry
oil at reference temperature, and the density of produced water at reference temperature.
You can use log data from ProLink III, with the Oil & Water Density Calculator, to obtain
these values.

Note

Even after separation, oil typically contains some amount of interstitial water. The water
cut may be as high as 1% to 3%. For purposes of this application, this is considered dry oil.

This procedure assumes the following:

• The highest density value in the logged data represents produced water.

• The lowest density value in the logged data represents dry oil.

Prerequisites

You must be able to connect to the transmitter or core processor with ProLink III.

You must know how to use the data logging feature in ProLink III.

You must be able to run data logging for the necessary time period, which may be a few
minutes or a few hours, depending on your separator.

You must have the Oil & Water Density Calculator. This is a spreadsheet tool developed by
Micro Motion. You can obtain a copy from your Micro Motion representative.

Procedure

1. Connect to the core processor or transmitter with ProLink III.

• For two-phase separators, connect to the core processor or transmitter on the

oil/water leg. See Figure 1-1.

• For three-phase separators, connect to the core processor or transmitter on the

oil leg. See Figure 1-2.

2. Set up data logging to record the following process variables, with a logging interval
of 1 second:

• Mass flow rate

• Volume flow rate

• Density

• Temperature

14 Micro Motion Multiphase Applications

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MMI-20026578 January 2022

• Drive gain

3. Collect data.

a) Open the level control valve on the separator, and allow the separator to

drop to the lowest safe level, or until gas is first drawn into the liquid leg.

b) Close the level control valve and allow the level to rise to the maximum safe

level.

This will increase the residence time for the liquid in the separator, and may
allow the water to settle to the bottom and the oil to rise to the top.

c) Open the level control valve partially, so that the level drops slowly.

d) Start data logging.

e) Allow the separator to drop to the lowest safe level, or until gas is first drawn

into the liquid leg.

f) Stop data logging.

g) Return the separator to automatic level control.

4. Obtain maximum and minimum density data from the log.

Shortly after the control valve is opened or the dump phase begins, you should see
the temperature stabilizing and the density rising to a maximum value and
stabilizing. This may represent produced water. Just before the lowest safe level, or
before the point where gas is drawn into the liquid leg, you should see the density
falling to a minimum value and stabilizing. This may represent dry oil.

a) Record the maximum density and the corresponding temperature.

b) Record the minimum density and the corresponding temperature.

Important

Never use an unstable density value, or any density value that has an elevated drive
gain.

5. Use the Oil & Water Density Calculator to calculate the density of dry oil at reference
temperature and the density of produced water at reference temperature.

Tip

Unless the oil is light hot condensate, the oil will almost always contain some
interstitial water. This is generally acceptable for allocation measurements.
However, if further accuracy is desired, you can determine the water cut and use it
in the calculation. To determine or estimate the water cut, take a shakeout sample
from one of the following:

• The current flow/dump cycle, at the time of minimum density

• Similar oils produced from the same reservoir

• The tank or tanks that the separator flows into

Enter this water cut into the Oil & Water Density Calculator to calculate the density
of dry oil at reference temperature.

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