Instruction Manual
P/N 20002377, Rev. A
December 2004
Micro Motion® LF-Series
Transmitters with
FOUNDATION™ Fieldbus
Configuration and Use Manual
Micro Motion
TM
©2004, Micro Motion, Inc. All rights reserved. Micro Motion is a registered trademark of Micro Motion, Inc. The Micro Motion and
Emerson logos are trademarks of Emerson Electric Co. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Contents
Chapter 1 Starting the Flowmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Applying power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Assigning function block channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Assigning the integrator function block mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4.1 Assigning the integrator function block type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5 Zeroing the flowmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5.1 Preparing for the zeroing procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.5.2 Zeroing with device description methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.5.3 Zeroing with a fieldbus host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.5.4 Zeroing with ProLink II software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5.5 Zeroing with the display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Chapter 2 Calibrating the Flowmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2 When to calibrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3 Density calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3.1 Preparing for density calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3.2 Density calibration with device description methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3.3 Density calibration with a fieldbus host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3.4 Density calibration with ProLink II software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.4 How to calibrate for temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.4.1 Temperature calibration with device description methods . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.4.2 Temperature calibration with fieldbus parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.4.3 Temperature calibration with ProLink II software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Chapter 3 Configuring the Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.2 Configuration map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.3 Changing the measurement units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.4 Creating special measurement units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.4.1 Using special measurement units with AI function blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.4.2 Special mass flow units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.4.3 Special volume flow units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.5 Changing the output scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.6 Changing the linearization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.7 Changing process alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.7.1 Alarm values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.8 Alarm priorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.8.1 Alarm hysteresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.9 Changing the damping values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.9.1 Flow damping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.9.2 Density damping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.9.3 Temperature damping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use i
Contents
3.10 Adjusting meter factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.10.1 Calculating meter factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.10.2 Adjusting meter factors with a fieldbus host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.11 Changing slug flow limits and duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.11.1 Slug flow limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.11.2 Slug flow duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.12 Configuring cutoffs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.12.1 Configuring cutoffs with a fieldbus host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.12.2 Configuring cutoffs with ProLink II software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.13 Changing the flow direction parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.14 Changing the software tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.15 Changing the display functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.15.1 Enabling and disabling display functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.15.2 Changing the scroll rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.15.3 Changing the off-line password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.15.4 Using the backlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.15.5 Changing the display variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Chapter 4 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.2 Viewing process variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.3 Enabling simulation mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.4 Responding to alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.4.1 Viewing alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.4.2 Acknowledging alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.5 Using the totalizers and inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.5.1 Viewing the totalizers and inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.5.2 Controlling the totalizers and inventories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.2 Micro Motion customer service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.3 Guide to troubleshooting topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.4 Transmitter does not operate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.5 Transmitter does not communicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.5.1 National Instruments basic information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.6 Zero or calibration failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.7 Output problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.7.1 Damping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.7.2 Flow cutoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.7.3 Output scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.7.4 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.7.5 Fieldbus network power conditioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.7.6 Linearization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.8 Lost static data alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.9 Status alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.10 Diagnosing wiring problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.10.1 Checking the power supply wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.10.2 Checking the sensor-to-transmitter wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.10.3 Checking the grounding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.10.4 Checking the communication wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.11 Checking slug flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
ii LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
Contents
5.12 Checking the test points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.12.1 Obtaining the test points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.12.2 Evaluating the test points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.12.3 Excessive drive gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.12.4 Erratic drive gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.12.5 Bad pickoff voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.13 Checking the sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.13.1 Checking the sensor LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.13.2 Sensor resistance test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Appendix A Using ProLink II Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
A.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
A.2 Connecting to a transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Appendix B Using the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
B.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
B.2 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
B.3 Display password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
B.4 Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Appendix C FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
C.1 FOUNDATION fieldbus technology and fieldbus function blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
C.1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
C.1.2 Block operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
C.2 Analog input function block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
C.2.1 Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
C.2.2 Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
C.2.3 Signal conversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
C.2.4 Block errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
C.2.5 Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
C.2.6 Alarm detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
C.2.7 Status handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
C.2.8 Advanced features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
C.2.9 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
C.3 Analog output function block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
C.3.1 Setting the output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
C.3.2 Setpoint selection and limiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
C.3.3 Conversion and status calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
C.3.4 Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
C.3.5 Action on fault detection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
C.3.6 Block errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
C.3.7 Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
C.3.8 Status handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
C.4 Integrator function block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
C.4.1 Block execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
C.4.2 Specifying rate tIme base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
C.4.3 Setting reverse flow at the inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
C.4.4 Calculating net flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
C.4.5 Integration types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
C.4.6 Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
C.4.7 Status handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use iii
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C.5 Proportional/integral/derivative function block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
C.5.1 Setpoint selection and limiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
C.5.2 Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
C.5.3 Feedforward calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
C.5.4 Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
C.5.5 Output selection and limiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
C.5.6 Bumpless transfer and setpoint tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
C.5.7 PID equation structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
C.5.8 Reverse and direct action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
C.5.9 Reset limiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
C.5.10 Block errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
C.5.11 Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
C.5.12 Alarm detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
C.5.13 Status handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
C.5.14 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Appendix D LF-Series Transducer Blocks Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
D.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
D.2 Transducer block names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
iv LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
Chapter 1
Starting the Flowmeter
1.1 Overview
This chapter describes the procedures you should perform the first time you start up the flowmeter.
You do not need to use these procedures every time you cycle power to the flowmeter.
The procedures in this section will enable you to:
• Apply power to the flowmeter
• Assign analog input (
• Assign the integrator (
• Zero the flowmeter
Figure 1-1 summarizes the startup procedure.
Figure 1-1 Overview of the startup procedure
AI) function blocks to transducer block channels
INT) function block mode (optional)
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
Start
Apply power.
Optional configuration
Set up the
AI blocks.
Zero the
transmitter.
Finish
Set up INT
block mode.
Configure pressure
compensation.
Note: All ProLink II procedures provided in this section assume that your computer is already
connected to the transmitter and you have established communication. See Appendix A.
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 1
Starting the Flowmeter
Using the service port to communicate with the transmitter in a hazardous
area can cause an explosion.
Before using ProLink II software via the service port to communicate with the
transmitter in a hazardous area, make sure the atmosphere is free of explosive
gases.
1.2 Applying power
Before you apply power to the flowmeter, close and tighten all housing covers.
Operating the flowmeter without covers in place creates electrical hazards
that can cause death, injury, or property damage.
Make sure safety barrier partition and covers for the field-wiring, circuit board
compartments, electronics module, and housing are in place before applying power
to the transmitter.
WARNING
WARNING
Turn on the electrical power at the power supply. The flowmeter will automatically perform
diagnostic routines. If the transmitter has a display, the status LED will turn green and begin to flash
when the transmitter has finished its startup diagnostics.
1.3 Assigning function block channels
The four
AI function blocks and the AO function block may be assigned to one transducer block
channel each. The available transducer block channels are shown in Table 1-1.
Table 1-1 Available transducer block channels
Channel Number Process Variable Function Block
1 Mass Flow Analog Input
2 Temperature Analog Input
3 Density Analog Input
4 Volume Flow Analog Input
5 Drive Gain Analog Input
6 Pressure Analog Output
(1)
19
(1) Channel 19 is selectable only if the GSV_GAS_DENS parameter in the MEASUREMENT transducer block is nonzero.
Gas Standard Volume Analog Input
2 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
Starting the Flowmeter
To assign an AI or AO function block to a transducer block channel:
1. Select an
2. Set the
AI or AO function block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to out-of-service (O/S).
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
4. Set the
5. Set the
6. Set the
CHANNEL parameter to the transducer block channel you want to set up.
UNITS value of the XD_SCALE parameter.
UNITS value of the OUT_SCALE to match the UNITS value of the XD_SCALE
parameter.
7. Set the
8. Set the
L_TYPE parameter to Direct.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto and write to the transmitter.
1.4 Assigning the integrator function block mode
INT function block can be set up to measure the totalizer in fifteen different ways. Except for
The
standard mode, each mode causes the
INT function block to report the value of a specific transducer
block parameter.
Table 1-2 lists the available modes for the
INT block.
Table 1-2 INT function block modes
Reports the value of this parameter:
Mode
Standard None None — standard FOUNDATION fieldbus
Internal mass total MEASUREMENT MASS_TOTAL
Internal volume total MEASUREMENT VOLUME_TOTAL
Internal mass inventory MEASUREMENT MASS_INVENTORY
Internal volume inventory MEASUREMENT VOLUME_INVENTORY
Internal gas volume total MEASUREMENT GSV_VOL_TOTAL
Internal gas volume inventory MEASUREMENT GSV_VOL_INV
Internal API volume total API API_CORR_VOL_TOTAL
Internal API volume inventory API API_CORR_VOL_INV
Internal ED standard volume total ENHANCED DENSITY ED_STD_VOL_TOTAL
Internal ED standard volume inventory ENHANCED DENSITY ED_STD_VOL_INV
Internal ED net mass total ENHANCED DENSITY ED_NET_MASS_TOTAL
Internal ED net mass inventory ENHANCED DENSITY ED_NET_MASS_INV
Internal ED net volume total ENHANCED DENSITY ED_NET_VOL_TOTAL
Internal ED net volume inventory ENHANCED DENSITY ED_NET_VOL_INV
Transducer block Parameter
INT block behavior
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 3
Starting the Flowmeter
The INTEGRATOR_FB_CONFIG parameter of the MEASUREMENT transducer block controls the
INT function block mode of operation.
To assign the
1. Select the
2. Set the
INT function block mode:
MEASUREMENT transducer block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
3. Write to the transmitter and wait until the
is O/S.
4. Set the
5. Set the
INTEGRATOR_FB_CONFIG parameter to the desired INT function block mode.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
1.4.1 Assigning the integrator function block type
INT function block can be set up for manual resetting of the total or automatic resetting of the
The
total when a set point is reached. To assign the integrator function block type:
1. Select the
2. Set the
INT function block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK to O/S.
3. Write to the transmitter and wait until the actual value of the
4. Set the
5. Set the
INTEG_TYPE parameter to the type of reset you want.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK to Auto.
1.5 Zeroing the flowmeter
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
MODE_BLK parameter is O/S.
Zeroing the flowmeter establishes the flowmeter’s point of reference when there is no flow.
When you zero the flowmeter, you may need to adjust the zero time parameter. Zero time is the length
of time the transmitter takes to determine its zero-flow reference point. The default zero time is
20 seconds.
•A long zero time may produce a more accurate zero reference but is more likely to result in
zero failure. This is due to the increased possibility of noisy flow, which causes incorrect
calibration.
•A short zero time is less likely to result in a zero failure but may produce a less accurate zero
reference.
For most applications, the default zero time is appropriate.
Note: Do not zero the flowmeter if a high severity alarm is active. Correct the problem first, then zero
the flowmeter. You may zero the flowmeter if a low severity alarm is active. See Section 4.4 for
information about responding to alarms.
You can zero the flowmeter with device description methods, a fieldbus host, ProLink II software, or
the display. If the zero procedure fails, see Section 5.6 for troubleshooting information.
4 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
Starting the Flowmeter
1.5.1 Preparing for the zeroing procedure
To prepare for the zeroing procedure:
1. Apply power to the flowmeter. Allow the flowmeter to warm up for approximately 20 minutes.
2. Run the process fluid through the sensor until the sensor temperature reaches the normal
process operating temperature.
3. Close the shutoff valve downstream from the sensor.
4. Ensure that the sensor is completely filled with fluid and the flow through the sensor has
completely stopped.
If fluid is flowing through the sensor, the sensor zero calibration may be
inaccurate, resulting in inaccurate process measurement.
CAUTION
To improve the sensor zero calibration and measurement accuracy, ensure that
process flow through the sensor has completely stopped.
1.5.2 Zeroing with device description methods
To zero the flowmeter with a fieldbus host that supports device description (DD) methods:
1. Run the
2. Click
Start Sensor Zero method.
OK (twice).
3. Type a new zero time in the text box provided or accept the default value.
4. Click
OK. A Calibration in Progress dialog box appears.
5. If a failure dialog box appears, click OK and see Section 5.6.
6. If a dialog box appears containing the
ZERO_OFFSET and ZERO_STD_DEV parameter
values, the zero procedure succeeded.
7. Click
OK.
1.5.3 Zeroing with a fieldbus host
To zero the flowmeter using a fieldbus host:
1. Select the
2. Set the
CALIBRATION transducer block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
3. Write to the transmitter and wait until the
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
4. Inspect the
5. Type a new zero time in the
6. Set the
7. Inspect the
ZERO_TIME parameter.
ZERO_TIME parameter or accept the default value.
ZERO_CAL method parameter to Zero Cal.
XD_ERROR parameter. During the zeroing procedure, this parameter will indicate
an alarm. When the alarm clears, the zero procedure is complete.
8. If the
XD_ERROR parameter does not clear, the zeroing procedure failed. For more
information about the cause of failure, select the
the bits of the
ALARM4_STATUS parameter. Refer to Section 5.6 for the probable causes of
DIAGNOSTICS transducer block and inspect
zero failure.
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 5
Starting the Flowmeter
9. If you want to know the results of the zero procedure, view the ZERO_OFFSET and
ZERO_STD parameters.
10. Set the
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
1.5.4 Zeroing with ProLink II software
To zero the flowmeter with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
2. If you want to change the zero time, type a new zero time in the
Apply. The default zero time of 20 seconds is appropriate for most applications.
3. Click
4. The
5. If the
Calibration Failure light remains red, the zero procedure has failed. See Section 5.6 for
ProLink > Calibration > Zero Calibration.
Zero Time box and click
Zero. The flowmeter will begin zeroing.
Calibration in Progress light will turn red while the zeroing procedure is in progress.
Calibration in Progress light returns to green, the zero procedure succeeded. If the
possible causes of zero failure.
6. Click
Close.
1.5.5 Zeroing with the display
See Figure 1-2 for the zeroing procedure.
Note the following:
• If the off-line menu has been disabled, you will not be able to zero the transmitter with the
display. For information about enabling or disabling the off-line menu, see Section 3.15.
• You cannot change the zero time with the display. If you need to change the zero time, you
must use a fieldbus host or ProLink II software.
6 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
Starting the Flowmeter
Figure 1-2 Display menu — zeroing the flowmeter
Scroll and Select
simultaneously for 4 seconds
Scroll
OFF-LINE MAINT
Select
Scroll
OFF-LINE ZERO
Select
YES?
Select
Dots traverse the display
TEST FAIL TEST OK
Select
Troubleshooting
Exit
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 7
8 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
Chapter 2
Calibrating the Flowmeter
2.1 Overview
The flowmeter measures process variables based on fixed points of reference. Calibration adjusts
those points of reference. This chapter provides instructions for performing density calibration and
temperature calibration.
Note: All ProLink II procedures provided in this section assume that your computer is already
connected to the transmitter and you have established communication. See Appendix A.
WARNING
Using the service port to communicate with the transmitter in a hazardous
area can cause an explosion.
Before using ProLink II software via the service port to communicate with the
transmitter in a hazardous area, make sure the atmosphere is free of explosive
gases.
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
2.2 When to calibrate
The transmitter is factory calibrated and does not normally need to be calibrated in the field. Calibrate
the transmitter only if you must do so to meet regulatory requirements.
Note: Micro Motion recommends using meter factors, rather than calibration, to prove the meter
against a regulatory standard or to correct measurement error. Contact Micro Motion before
calibrating your flowmeter. For information on meter factors, see Section 3.10.
2.3 Density calibration
Density calibration includes the following calibration points:
• Point one (low density calibration)
• Point two (high density calibration)
The calibrations that you choose must be performed without interruption, in the order listed here.
Note: Before performing the calibration, record your current calibration parameters. If you are using
ProLink II, you can do this by saving the current configuration to a file on the PC. If the calibration
fails, restore the known values.
You can calibrate for density with device description methods, a fieldbus host, or ProLink II software.
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 9
Calibrating the Flowmeter
2.3.1 Preparing for density calibration
Before beginning density calibration, review the requirements in this section.
Sensor requirements
During density calibration, the sensor must be completely filled with the calibration fluid, and flow
through the sensor must be at the lowest rate allowed by your application. This is usually
accomplished by closing the shutoff valve downstream from the sensor, then filling the sensor with
the appropriate fluid.
Density calibration fluids
D1 and D2 density calibration require a D1 (low density) fluid and a D2 (high density) fluid. You may
use air and water.
2.3.2 Density calibration with device description methods
Perform the following steps to calibrate the flowmeter for density with a fieldbus host that supports
DD methods.
Step 1: Point one (low density calibration)
To perform the low density calibration:
1. Run the
2. Click
Start Low Density Calibration method.
OK.
3. Close the shutoff valve downstream from the sensor.
4. Click
OK.
5. Fill the sensor completely with a low density fluid (e.g., air).
6. Click
OK.
7. Type the density of the calibration fluid in the text box provided.
8. Click
OK. A Calibration in Progress dialog box appears.
• If a dialog box appears when the calibration is complete, the calibration failed. Click
and refer to Section 5.6.
• If a
Low Density Calibration Successful dialog box appears when the calibration is
complete, click
OK and proceed to the high density calibration procedure.
Step 2: Point two (high density calibration)
To perform the high density calibration:
1. Run the
2. Click
Start High Density Calibration method.
OK.
3. Close the shutoff valve downstream from the sensor.
4. Click
OK.
OK
5. Fill the sensor completely with a high density fluid (e.g., water).
6. Click
OK.
7. Type the density of the calibration fluid in the text box provided.
10 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
Calibrating the Flowmeter
8. Click OK. A Calibration in Progress dialog box appears.
• If a dialog box appears when the calibration is complete, the calibration failed. Click
and refer to Section 5.6.
• If a
complete, click
2.3.3 Density calibration with a fieldbus host
Perform the following steps to calibrate the flowmeter for density with a fieldbus host.
Step 1: Point one (low density calibration)
To perform the low density calibration:
1. Select the
2. Set the
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
is O/S.
4. Close the shutoff valve downstream from the sensor.
5. Fill the sensor completely with a low density fluid (e.g., air).
6. Verify that the sensor is experiencing zero flow (e.g., by looking at the display or inspecting
the
MFLOW parameter of the MEASUREMENT transducer block).
7. Set the
High Density Calibration Successful dialog box appears when the calibration is
OK.
CALIBRATION transducer block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
D1 parameter to the density of the calibration fluid.
OK
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
8. Set the
LOW_DENSITY_CAL method parameter to Low Density Cal.
9. Write to the transmitter.
10. Inspect the
XD_ERROR parameter. During the calibration procedure, this parameter will
indicate an alarm.
• When the alarm clears, the calibration procedure is complete.
• If the
XD_ERROR parameter does not clear, the calibration procedure failed. For more
information about the cause of failure, select the
inspect the bits of the
ALARM4_STATUS parameter. Refer to Section 5.6 for the probable
causes of calibration failure.
11. Inspect the
K1 parameter for the results of the calibration, and proceed to the high density
calibration procedure.
Step 1 Step 2: Point two (high density calibration)
To perform the high density calibration:
1. Select the
2. Set the
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
CALIBRATION transducer block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
4. Close the shutoff valve downstream from the sensor.
DIAGNOSTICS transducer block and
5. Fill the sensor completely with a high density fluid (e.g., water).
6. Verify that the sensor is experiencing zero flow (e.g., by looking at the display or inspecting
the
MFLOW parameter of the MEASUREMENT transducer block).
7. Set the
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 11
D2 parameter to the density of the calibration fluid.
Calibrating the Flowmeter
8. Set the HIGH_DENSITY_CAL method parameter to High Density Cal.
9. Write to the transmitter.
10. Inspect the
indicate an alarm.
• When the alarm clears, the calibration procedure is complete.
XD_ERROR parameter. During the calibration procedure, this parameter will
• If the
XD_ERROR parameter does not clear, the calibration procedure failed. For more
information about the cause of failure, select the
inspect the bits of the
ALARM4_STATUS parameter. Refer to Section 5.6 for the probable
DIAGNOSTICS transducer block and
causes of calibration failure.
11. Inspect the
12. Set the
K2 parameter for the results of the calibration.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto and write to the transmitter.
2.3.4 Density calibration with ProLink II software
Perform the following procedures to calibrate the transmitter for density with ProLink II software.
Step 1: Point one (low density calibration)
To perform the low density calibration:
1. Choose
ProLink > Calibration > Density Cal - Point 1.
2. Close the shutoff valve downstream from the sensor.
3. Fill the sensor completely with a low density fluid (e.g., air).
4. Type the density of the low density fluid in the
5. Click
6. The
Do Cal.
Calibration in Progress light turns red while the calibration is in proress.
• If the
Calibration in Progress light returns to green, the calibration procedure succeeded.
Read the results of the calibration in the
Enter Actual Density box.
K1 box and click Done.
• If the
Calibration in Progress light remains red, the calibration procedure failed. See
Section 5.6.
Step 2: Point two (high density calibration)
To perform the high density calibration:
1. Choose
ProLink > Calibration > Density Cal - Point 2.
2. Close the shutoff valve downstream from the sensor.
3. Fill the sensor completely with a high density fluid (e.g., water).
4. Type the density of the high density fluid in the
5. Click
6. The
Do Cal.
Calibration in Progress light turns red while the calibration is in proress.
• If the
Calibration in Progress light returns to green, the calibration procedure succeeded.
Read the results of the calibration in the
• If the
Calibration in Progress light remains red, the calibration procedure failed. See
Enter box.
K2 box and click Done.
Section 5.6.
12 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
Calibrating the Flowmeter
2.4 How to calibrate for temperature
Temperature calibration is a two-point procedure. The entire procedure must be completed without
interruption.
You can calibrate for temperature with device description methods, a fieldbus host or ProLink II
software.
2.4.1 Temperature calibration with device description methods
To perform a temperature calibration with a fieldbus host that supports DD methods:
1. Run the
Start Temperature Calibration DD method.
2. Click
OK.
3. Fill the sensor with a low-temperature fluid, and allow the sensor to achieve thermal
equilibrium.
4. Click
OK.
5. Type the temperature of the low-temperature fluid in the text box provided.
6. Click
OK.
• If a dialog box containing a reason for failure appears, click
• If a
Low Temperature Calibration Successful dialog box appears, click OK.
OK and refer to Section 5.6.
7. Fill the sensor with a high-temperature fluid, and allow the sensor to achieve thermal
equilibrium.
8. Click
OK.
9. Type the temperature of the high-temperature fluid in the text box provided.
10. Click
OK.
• If a dialog box containing a reason for failure appears, click
• If a
High Temperature Calibration Successful dialog box appears, click OK. A dialog
OK and refer to Section 5.6.
box containing the results of the temperature calibration appears.
11. Click
OK.
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
2.4.2 Temperature calibration with fieldbus parameters
To perform a temperature calibration with a fieldbus host:
1. Select the
2. Set the
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
CALIBRATION transducer block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
4. Fill the sensor with a low-temperature fluid and allow the sensor to achieve thermal
equilibrium.
5. Set the
6. Set the
TEMP_VALUE parameter to the temperature of the calibration fluid.
TEMP_LOW_CAL method parameter to Temp Low Calibration.
7. Write to the transmitter.
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 13
Calibrating the Flowmeter
8. Inspect the XD_ERROR parameter. During the calibration procedure, this parameter will
indicate an alarm.
• When the alarm clears, the calibration procedure is complete.
• If the
information about the cause of failure, select the
inspect the bits of the
causes of calibration failure.
9. Fill the sensor with a high-temperature fluid, and allow the sensor to achieve thermal
equilibrium.
XD_ERROR parameter does not clear, the calibration procedure failed. For more
DIAGNOSTICS transducer block and
ALARM4_STATUS parameter. Refer to Section 5.6 for the probable
10. Set the
11. Set the
TEMP_VALUE parameter to the temperature of the calibration fluid.
TEMP_HIGH_CAL method parameter to Temp High Calibration.
12. Write to the transmitter.
13. Inspect the
XD_ERROR parameter. During the calibration procedure, this parameter will
indicate an alarm.
• When the alarm clears, the calibration procedure is complete.
• If the
XD_ERROR parameter does not clear, the calibration procedure failed. For more
information about the cause of failure, select the
inspect the bits of the
ALARM4_STATUS parameter. Refer to Section 5.6 for the probable
DIAGNOSTICS transducer block and
causes of calibration failure.
14. Set the
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto and write to the transmitter.
2.4.3 Temperature calibration with ProLink II software
To perform a temperature calibration with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
ProLink > Calibration > Temp Offset Cal.
2. Fill the sensor with a low-temperature fluid and allow the sensor to achieve
thermal equilibrium.
3. Type the temperature of the low-temperature fluid in the
4. Click
Do Cal.
Enter Actual Temp box.
5. If a dialog box appears containing a reason for failure, the calibration procedure failed. See
Section 5.6.
6. Click
7. Choose
Done.
ProLink > Calibration > Temp Slope Cal.
8. Fill the sensor with a high-temperature fluid and allow the sensor to achieve
thermal equilibrium.
9. Type the temperature of the high-temperature fluid in the
10. Click
Do Cal.
Enter Actual Temp box.
11. If a dialog box appears containing a reason for failure, the calibration procedure failed. See
Section 5.6.
12. Click
14 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
Done.
Chapter 3
Configuring the Transmitter
3.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to change the operating settings of the transmitter. The transmitter was
configured at the factory, so changing these settings is not normally necessary.
The procedures in this chapter will enable you to:
• Change the measurement units
• Create special measurement units
• Change the output scale
• Change the linearization
• Change process alarm settings
• Change the damping
• Adjust meter factors
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
• Change slug-flow parameters
• Change the low-flow cutoff
• Change the flow direction parameter
• Change the software tag
• Change the display functionality
Note: All ProLink II procedures provided in this section assume that your computer is already
connected to the transmitter and you have established communication. See Appendix A.
WARNING
Using the service port to communicate with the transmitter in a hazardous
area can cause an explosion.
Before using ProLink II software via the service port to communicate with the
transmitter in a hazardous area, make sure the atmosphere is free of explosive
gases.
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 15
Configuring the Transmitter
3.2 Configuration map
Use the map in Table 3-1 to guide you through a complete or partial configuration of the transmitter.
Table 3-1 Configuration map
Topic Subtopics Page
Measurement units Page 16
Special measurement units Mass-flow units, volume-flow units Page 17
Output scale Page 20
Linearization Page 21
Process alarms Alarm values, alarm priorities, alarm hysteresis Page 21
Damping Flow damping, density damping, temperature damping Page 24
Meter factors Page 26
Slug flow Slug flow limits, slug flow duration Page 27
Cutoffs Mass flow cutoff, volume flow cutoff, density cutoff Page 29
Flow direction Page 30
Software tag Page 31
Display functionality Display functions, scroll rate, display password, display variables Page 32
3.3 Changing the measurement units
You can change the measurement units for each process variable with a fieldbus host or
ProLink II software.
With a fieldbus host
The
AI function blocks control the measurement units for the process variables they measure. To
change the measurement units of an
1. Select the
2. Set the
AI function block whose measurement units you want to change.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
is O/S.
4. Set the
5. Set the
UNITS value of the XD_SCALE parameter to a new measurement unit.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto and write to the transmitter.
With ProLink II software
If you change the measurement units for a process variable with ProLink II
software, you must also change the units used by the appropriate AI function
block with a fieldbus host. If you do not change the units in the AI function
block, the AI block will get a configuration error.
AI function block:
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
CAUTION
To change the density measurement unit with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
2. Click the
16 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
ProLink > Configuration.
Density tab.
Configuring the Transmitter
3. Select a measurement unit from the Dens Units drop-down list.
4. Click
Apply.
To change the volume-flow measurement unit with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
2. Click the
ProLink > Configuration.
Flow tab.
3. Select a measurement unit from the
4. Click
Apply.
To change the mass-flow measurement unit with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
2. Click the
ProLink > Configuration.
Flow tab.
3. Select a measurement unit from the
4. Click
Apply.
To change the temperature measurement unit with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
2. Click the
ProLink > Configuration.
Temperatu re tab.
3. Select a measurement unit from the
4. Click
Apply.
3.4 Creating special measurement units
If you need to use a non-standard unit of measure, you can create one special measurement unit for
mass flow and one special measurement unit for volume flow. Special measurement units consist of:
• Base unit — A combination of:
Vol Flow Units drop-down list.
Mass Flow Units drop-down list.
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
Temp Units drop-down list.
- Base mass or base volume unit — A standard measurement unit that the transmitter
already recognizes (e.g., kg, m
3
)
- Base time unit — A unit of time that the transmitter already recognizes
(e.g., seconds, days)
• Conversion factor — The number by which the base unit will be divided to convert to the
special unit
• Special unit — A non-standard volume-flow or mass-flow unit of measure that you want to be
reported by the transmitter.
The terms above are related by the following formulae:
x Base units[]y Special units[]=
x Base units[]
Conversion factor
------------------------------------------=
y Special units[]
To create a special unit, you must:
1. Identify the simplest base volume or mass and base time units for your special unit. For
example, to create the special volume flow unit pints per minute, the simplest base units are
gallons per minute:
a. Base volume unit: gallon
b. Base time unit: minute
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 17
Configuring the Transmitter
2. Calculate the conversion factor:
3. Name the new special mass-flow or volume-flow measurement unit and its corresponding
totalizer measurement unit:
a. Special volume-flow measurement unit name: pint/min
b. Volume totalizer measurement unit name: pints
Note: Special measurement unit names can be up to 8 characters long, but only the first 5 characters
appear on the display.
3.4.1 Using special measurement units with AI function blocks
If you want an
AI function block. See Section 3.6 for more information about linearization.
of the
AI function block to use special measurement units, you must change the linearization
3.4.2 Special mass flow units
You can create a special mass-flow measurement unit with a fieldbus host or ProLink II software.
1 gallon per minute
--------------------------------------------------- 0.125=
8 pints per minute
With a fieldbus host
The parameters in the
MEASUREMENT transducer block which hold the special mass flow
measurement unit values are:
• MFLOW_SPECIAL_UNIT_BASE
• MFLOW_SPECIAL_UNIT_TIME
• MFLOW_SPECIAL_UNIT_CONV
• MFLOW_SPECIAL_UNIT_STR
• MASS_TOT_INV_SPECIAL_STR
Whenever the
units. If the
MFLOW_SPECIAL_UNIT_CONV value equals 1, the transmitter will use normal mass
MFLOW_SPECIAL_UNIT_CONV value does not equal 1, the transmitter will use the
special mass flow units.
To create a special mass-flow measurement unit with a fieldbus host:
1. Select the
2. Set the
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
MEASUREMENT transducer block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
4. Set the
5. Set the
6. Type the conversion factor into the
7. Type the name of the special unit in the
MFLOW_SPECIAL_UNIT_BASE parameter to a base mass unit.
MFLOW_SPECIAL_UNIT_TIME parameter to a base time unit.
MFLOW_SPECIAL_UNIT_CONV parameter.
MFLOW_SPECIAL_UNIT_STR parameter. The name
can be up to 8 characters in length, though only the first 5 are displayed.
8. Type the name of the totalizer for the special unit in the
MASS_TOT_INV_SPECIAL_STR
parameter. The name can be up to 8 characters in length, though only the first 5 are displayed.
9. Set the
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
18 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
Configuring the Transmitter
With ProLink II software
To create a special mass-flow measurement unit with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
ProLink > Configuration.
2. Click the
3. Select a base mass unit from the
4. Select a base time unit from the
5. Type the conversion factor in the
6. Type the name of the special unit in the
Special Units tab.
Base Mass Unit drop-down list.
Base Mass Time drop-down list.
Mass Flow Conv Fact box.
Mass Flow Text box. The name can be up to
8 characters in length, though only 5 are displayed.
7. Type the name of the totalizer for the special unit in the
8. Click
Apply.
Mass Total Text box.
3.4.3 Special volume flow units
You can create a special volume-flow measurement unit with a fieldbus host or ProLink II software.
With a fieldbus host
The parameters in the
MEASUREMENT transducer block which hold the special volume flow
measurement unit values are:
• VOL_SPECIAL_UNIT_BASE
• VOL_SPECIAL_UNIT_TIME
• VOL_SPECIAL_UNIT_CONV
• VOL_SPECIAL_UNIT_STR
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
• VOLUME_TOT_INV_SPECIAL_STR
Whenever the
units. If the
VOL_SPECIAL_UNIT_CONV value equals 1, the transmitter will use normal volume
VOL_SPECIAL_UNIT_CONV value does not equal 1, the transmitter will use the special
volume flow units.
To create a special volume-flow measurement unit with a fieldbus host:
1. Select the
2. Set the
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
MEASUREMENT transducer block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter is
O/S.
4. Set the
5. Set the
6. Type the conversion factor into the
7. Type the name of the special unit in the
VOL_SPECIAL_UNIT_BASE parameter to a base volume unit.
VOL_SPECIAL_UNIT_TIME parameter to a base time unit.
VOL_SPECIAL_UNIT_CONV parameter.
VOL_SPECIAL_UNIT_STR parameter. The name can
be up to 8 characters in length, though only 5 are displayed.
8. Type the name of the totalizer for the special unit in the
VOLUME_TOT_INV_SPECIAL_STR
parameter. The name can be up to 8 characters in length, though only the first 5 are displayed.
9. Set the
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 19
Configuring the Transmitter
With ProLink II software
To create a special volume-flow measurement unit with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
ProLink > Configuration.
2. Click the
Special Units tab.
3. Select a volume unit from the
4. Select a time unit from the
5. Type the conversion factor in the
6. Type the name of the special unit in the
in length, though only 5 are displayed.
7. Type the name of the totalizer for the special unit in the
8. Click
Apply.
3.5 Changing the output scale
The output scale is the scope of output values between specified high and low limits. The output scale
is established by indicating a value at 0% of output and a value at 100% of output. Process values are
converted to a number along this scale.
The
OUT_SCALE parameter in each AI function block holds the output scale values. Note the
following about changing the
• The value of the
variable in the
MEASUREMENT transducer block.
• If your transmitter has a display, the value of the
from the same process variable as shown on the display.
Base Vol Units drop-down list.
Base Vol Time drop-down list.
Vol F l ow Co nv F a ct box.
Vol F l ow Te x t box. The name can be up to 8 characters
Vol Total Text box.
OUT_SCALE parameter:
OUT parameter of the AI block may differ from the value of the same process
OUT parameter of the AI block may differ
Example
If you need the output of the
of output scaling. A special unit can be scaled to meet your needs and will be used identically in the
AI block and on the display. See Section 3.4 for more information about special units.
You can change the output scale only with a fieldbus host. To change the output scale of an
function block:
1. Select the
2. Set the
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
The AI block set to channel 3 (density) is scaled so that 0% = 0.5 g/cm3 and
100% = 1.5 g/cm
When the actual density is 0.5 g/cm
parameter of the MEASUREMENT transducer block, and the display would be
like those below.
• AI block: 0.0 g/cm
• DENSITY parameter: 0.5 g/cm
• Display: 0.5 g/cm
AI block and the display to agree, use special measurement units instead
AI function block.
3
.
3
3
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
is O/S.
4. Set the
EU_0 value of the OUT_SCALE parameter to the output value at 0% of scale.
3
, the outputs of the AI block, the DENSITY
3
AI
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
20 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
Configuring the Transmitter
5. Set the EU_100 value of the OUT_SCALE parameter to the output value at 100% of scale.
6. Set the
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
3.6 Changing the linearization
Linearization translates a process variable into different measurement units and onto a new scale. The
measurement units and the output scale are not directly affected by a change in the linearization
parameter. See Section 3.3 and Section 3.5, above, for information about changing the measurement
units and output scale directly.
The
L_TYPE parameter of each AI function block holds the linearization information. The transmitter
supports the following values for the
L_TYPE parameter:
• Direct—Use direct linearization whenever you are using standard units of measure (e.g., kg/hr,
3
g/cm
).
• Indirect—Use indirect linearization whenever you are using a special unit of measure (see
Section 3.4).
• Indirect square root—Do not use indirect square root linearization.
You can change the linearization setting only with a fieldbus host.
To change the linearization:
1. Select the
2. Set the
AI block for which you want to change the linearization value.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
is O/S.
4. Set the
5. Set the
L_TYPE parameter to a new linearization value.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
3.7 Changing process alarms
The transmitter sends process alarms to indicate that a process value has exceeded its user-defined
limits. The transmitter maintains four alarm values for each process variable. Each alarm value has a
priority associated with it. In addition, the transmitter has an alarm hysteresis function to prevent
erratic alarm reports.
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
Note: Process alarms are only posted through the AI function block and are NOT shown on
the display.
3.7.1 Alarm values
The process alarm values are the limits for process variables. Whenever a process variable exceeds a
process alarm value, the transmitter broadcasts an alarm to the fieldbus network.
Each
AI function block has four process alarm values: high alarm, high-high alarm, low alarm, and
low-low alarm. See Figure 3-1. The high and low process alarm values represent normal process
limits. The high-high and low-low process alarm values are used for more complex alarm signals
(e.g., to indicate a more severe problem than a regular process alarm indicates).
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 21
Configuring the Transmitter
Figure 3-1 Alarm values
High-high alarm
High alarm
Normal process range
Process variable
The
HI_LIM, HI_HI_LIM, LO_LIM, and LO_LO_LIM parameters in each AI function block hold the
Low alarm
Low-low alarm
alarm values. You can change the alarm values only with a fieldbus host.
To change the alarm values for an
1. Select the
2. Set the
AI function block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
AI function block:
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
4. Set the
5. Set the
6. Set the
7. Set the
8. Set the
HI_HI_LIM parameter to a new value.
HI_LIM parameter to a new value.
LO_LIM parameter to a new value.
LO_LO_LIM parameter to a new value.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
3.8 Alarm priorities
Each process alarm is assigned an alarm priority. A process alarm priority is a number from 0 to 15.
Higher numbers indicate higher alarm priorities. The
parameters of each
process alarm priority values only with a fieldbus host.
To change the process alarm priority value for a specific
1. Select the
2. Set the
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
is O/S.
4. Set the
5. Set the
6. Set the
7. Set the
8. Set the
HI_PRI, HI_HI_PRI, LO_PRI, and LO_LO_PRI
AI function block hold the process alarm priority values. You can change the
AI function block:
AI function block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
HI_HI_PRI parameter to a new value.
HI_PRI parameter to a new value.
LO_PRI parameter to a new value.
LO_LO_PRI parameter to a new value.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
22 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
Configuring the Transmitter
3.8.1 Alarm hysteresis
The alarm hysteresis value is a percentage of the output scale. After a process alarm is created, the
transmitter will not create new alarms unless the process first returns to a value within the range of the
alarm hysteresis percentage. Figure 3-2 shows the transmitter’s alarm behavior with an alarm
hysteresis value of 50%.
• A low hysteresis value allows the transmitter to broadcast a new alarm every time or nearly
every time the process variable crosses over the alarm limit.
• A high hysteresis value prevents the transmitter from broadcasting new alarms unless the
process variable first returns to a value sufficiently below the high alarm limit or above the low
alarm limit.
Figure 3-2 High versus low alarm hysteresis values
New alarms
not created
Alarm created
Process variable
Hysteresis value
New alarm
created here
HIGH ALARM
LOW ALARM
You can change the alarm hysteresis value only with a fieldbus host. The
each
AI function block holds the alarm hysteresis value.
To change the alarm hysteresis value for an
1. Select the
2. Set the
AI function block containing the alarm hysteresis value you want to change.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
AI function block:
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
4. Set the
5. Set the
ALARM_HYS parameter to a percentage of the output scale.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
ALARM_HYS parameter in
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 23
Configuring the Transmitter
3.9 Changing the damping values
A damping value is a period of time, in seconds, over which the process variable value will change to
reflect 63% of the change in the actual process. Damping helps the transmitter smooth out small,
rapid measurement fluctuations.
•A high damping value makes the output appear to be smoother because the output must
change slowly.
•A low damping value makes the output appear to be more erratic because the output can
change more quickly.
You can change the damping values for flow, density, and temperature.
Note: Damping values will be automatically rounded down to the nearest valid damping value.
3.9.1 Flow damping
Flow damping affects mass flow and volume flow. You can change the flow damping value with a
fieldbus host or ProLink II software.
With a fieldbus host
The
FLOW_DAMPING parameter in the transducer block holds the mass flow and volume flow
damping value. There is an additional damping parameter called
to avoid applying two damping values, Micro Motion recommendeds setting the
parameter to zero. This is described in the procedure below.
To change the flow damping value with a fieldbus host:
PV_FTIME in each AI block. In order
PV_FTIME
1. Select the
2. Set the
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
MEASUREMENT transducer block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
4. Set the
5. Set the
6. Select the
7. Set the
8. Write to the transmitter and wait until the
FLOW_DAMPING parameter to a new damping value.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto and write to the transmitter.
AI function block that measures transducer block channel 1 (mass flow).
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
9. Set the
10. Set the
PV_FTIME parameter to 0.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
11. Write to the transmitter.
12. Repeat Steps 6 through 11 for the
AI block that measures transducer block channel 4
(volume flow).
With ProLink II software
To change the flow damping value with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
ProLink > Configuration.
2. Click the
3. Type a new damping value in the
4. Click
24 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
Flow tab.
Flow Damp box.
Apply.
Configuring the Transmitter
3.9.2 Density damping
You can change the density damping value with a fieldbus host or ProLink II software.
With a fieldbus host
The
DENSITY_DAMPING parameter in the transducer block holds the density damping value. There
is an additional damping parameter called
damping values, Micro Motion recommendeds setting the
described in the procedure below.
To change the density damping value with a fieldbus host:
PV_FTIME in each AI block. In order to avoid applying two
PV_FTIME parameter to zero. This is
1. Select the
2. Set the
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
MEASUREMENT transducer block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
4. Set the
5. Set the
6. Select the
7. Set the
8. Write to the transmitter and wait until the
DENSITY_DAMPING parameter to a new damping value.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto and write to the transmitter.
AI function block that measures transducer block channel 3 (density).
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
9. Set the
10. Set the
PV_FTIME parameter to 0.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
11. Write to the transmitter.
With ProLink II software
To change the density damping value with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
2. Click the
3. Type a new damping value in the
4. Click
ProLink > Configuration.
Density tab.
Dens Damping box.
Apply.
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
3.9.3 Temperature damping
You can change the temperature damping value with a fieldbus host or ProLink II software.
With a fieldbus host
The
TEMPERATURE_DAMPING parameter in the transducer block holds the temperature
damping value. There is an additional damping parameter called
to avoid applying two damping values, Micro Motion recommendeds setting the
PV_FTIME in each AI block. In order
PV_FTIME
parameter to zero. This is described in the procedure below.
To change the temperature damping value with a fieldbus host:
1. Select the
2. Set the
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
MEASUREMENT transducer block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 25
Configuring the Transmitter
4. Set the TEMPERATURE_DAMPING parameter to a new damping value.
5. Set the
6. Select the
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
AI function block that measures transducer block channel 2 (temperature).
7. Set the
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
8. Write to the transmitter and wait until the
is O/S.
9. Set the
10. Set the
PV_FTIME parameter to 0.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
11. Write to the transmitter.
With ProLink II software
To change the temperature damping value with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
2. Click the
ProLink > Configuration.
Temperatu re tab.
3. Type a new damping value (in seconds) in the
4. Click
Apply.
3.10 Adjusting meter factors
Meter factors allow you to modify the transmitter’s output so that it matches an external measurement
standard. Meter factors are used for proving the flowmeter against a Weights & Measures standard.
You may need to calculate and configure meter factors periodically to comply with regulations.
You can adjust meter factors for mass flow, volume flow, and density. Only values between 0.8 and
1.2 can be entered. If the calculated meter factor exceeds these limits, contact Micro Motion
Customer Service.
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
Temp Damping box.
3.10.1 Calculating meter factors
Use the following formula to calculate a meter factor:
Ne w MeterFactor ConfiguredMeterFactor
×=
External standard
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ActualTransmitterMeasurement
26 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
Configuring the Transmitter
Example
The flowmeter is installed and proved for the first time. The flowmeter mass
measurement is 250.27 lb; the reference device measurement is 250 lb. A mass
flow meter factor is determined as follows:
MassFlowMeterFactor 1
The first meter factor is 0.9989.
One year later, the flowmeter is proved again. The flowmeter mass measurement is
250.07 lb; the reference device measurement is 250.25 lb. A new mass flow meter
factor is determined as follows:
MassFlowMeterFactor 0.9989
The new mass flow meter factor is 0.9996.
3.10.2 Adjusting meter factors with a fieldbus host
To adjust the mass flow, volume flow, or density meter factor:
1. Select the
2. Set the
MEASUREMENT transducer block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
is O/S.
4. Set the desired meter factor parameter to the value required to make the transmitter match an
external measurement standard. Meter factor parameters are listed in Table 3-2.
5. Set the
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
250
------------------
× 0.9989==
250.27
250.25
------------------
× 0.9996==
250.07
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
Table 3-2 Meter factor parameters
Meter factor Transducer block parameter
Mass flow MFLOW_M_FACTOR
Volume flow VOL_M_FACTOR
Density DENSITY_M_FACTOR
3.11 Changing slug flow limits and duration
Slugs—gas in a liquid process or liquid in a gas process—occasionally appear in some applications.
The presence of slugs can significantly affect the process density reading. The slug flow parameters
can help the transmitter suppress extreme changes in process variables, and can also be used to
identify process conditions that require correction.
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 27
Configuring the Transmitter
Slug flow parameters are as follows:
• Low slug flow limit — the point below which a condition of slug flow will exist. Typically, this
is the lowest density you expect to observe for your process. The default value is 0.0 g/cm
The valid range is 0.0–10.0 g/cm
• High slug flow limit — the point above which a condition of slug flow will exist. Typically,
this is the highest density you expect to observe for your process. The default value is
5.0 g/cm
• Slug flow duration — the number of seconds the transmitter waits for a slug flow condition to
clear. If the transmitter detects slug flow, it will post a slug flow alarm and hold its last
“pre-slug” flow rate until the end of the slug flow duration. If slugs are still present after the
slug flow duration has expired, the transmitter will report a flow rate of zero. The default value
for slug flow duration is 0.0 seconds. The valid range is 0.0–60.0 seconds.
Note: Raising the low slug flow limit or lowering the high slug flow limit will increase the possibility
that slug flow conditions will be detected by the transmitter.
Note: The slug flow limits must be entered in g/cm
density. Slug flow duration must be entered in seconds.
3
.
3
. The valid range is 0.0–10.0 g/cm3.
3
, even if another unit has been configured for
3
.
3.11.1 Slug flow limits
You can change the slug flow limits with a fieldbus host or ProLink II software.
With a fieldbus host
DIAGNOSTICS transducer block holds the parameters relevant to slug flow limits:
The
• SLUG_LOW_LIMIT
• SLUG_HIGH_LIMIT
To change the slug flow limits with a fieldbus host:
1. Select the
2. Set the
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
DIAGNOSTICS transducer block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
4. Set the
5. Set the
SLUG_LOW_LIMIT and SLUG_HIGH_LIMIT parameters to the desired densities.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
With ProLink II software
To change the low slug flow limit with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
2. Click the
ProLink > Configuration.
Density tab.
3. Type a new low slug flow limit in the
and 10.0 g/cm
3
.
4. Type a new low slug flow limit in the
and 10.0 g/cm
5. Click
28 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
Apply.
3
.
Slug Low Limit box. The value must be between 0.0
Slug High Limit box. The value must be between 0.0
Configuring the Transmitter
3.11.2 Slug flow duration
You can set the slug flow duration with a fieldbus host or ProLink II software.
With a fieldbus host
The
SLUG_TIME parameter in the DIAGNOSTICS transducer block holds the slug flow duration.
To set the slug flow duration:
1. Select the
DIAGNOSTICS transducer block.
2. Set the
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
is O/S.
4. Set the
5. Set the
SLUG_TIME parameter to a value between 0.0 and 60.0 seconds.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
With ProLink II software
To change the slug flow duration with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
2. Click the
ProLink > Configuration.
Density tab.
3. Type a new slug flow duration in the
4. Click
Apply.
3.12 Configuring cutoffs
Cutoffs are user-defined values below which the transmitter reports a value of zero for the specified
process variable. Cutoffs can be configured for mass flow, volume flow, or density. Table 3-3 lists the
default values and relevant comments for each cutoff.
Table 3-3 Cutoff default values and comments
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
Slug Duration box (between 0.0 and 60.0 seconds).
Cutoff Default value Comments
Mass 0.0 g/s Micro Motion recommends a mass flow cutoff value of 0.5–1.0% of the
Volume 0.0 L/s The lower limit for volume flow cutoff is 0. The upper limit for volume flow
3
Density 0.2 g/cm
The range for density cutoff is 0.0–0.5 g/cm3
sensor’s rated maximum flow rate.
cutoff is the sensor’s flow calibration factor, in L/s, multiplied by 0.2.
3.12.1 Configuring cutoffs with a fieldbus host
The
MEASUREMENT transducer block holds the cutoff parameters:
•MASS_LOW_CUT
• VOLUME_LOW_CUT
• DENSITY_LOW_CUT
To configure the cutoffs with a fieldbus host:
1. Select the
2. Set the
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 29
MEASUREMENT transducer block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
Configuring the Transmitter
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
4. Set the
MASS_LOW_CUT, VOLUME_LOW_CUT, and DENSITY_LOW_CUT parameters to
the desired values.
5. Set the
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
3.12.2 Configuring cutoffs with ProLink II software
The mass and volume flow cutoffs are located on the
The density cutoff is located on the
1. Choose
ProLink > Configuration.
Density tab.
Flow tab of the ProLink II configuration screen.
2. If you want to configure mass or volume flow cutoffs, click the
a. To change the mass flow cutoff, type a new mass flow cutoff value in the
Cutoff
box.
b. To change the volume flow cutoff, type a new volume flow cutoff value in the
Flow Cutoff
c. Click
box.
Apply.
3. If you want to confiure the density cutoff, click the
a. Type a new value in the
b. Click
Apply.
Density Cutoff box.
Flow tab.
Mass Flow
Volu me
Density tab.
3.13 Changing the flow direction parameter
The flow direction parameter defines whether the transmitter reports a positive or negative flow rate
and how the flow is added to or subtracted from the totalizers.
Table 3-4 shows the possible values for the flow direction parameter and the transmitter’s behavior
when the flow is positive or negative.
• Forward flow moves in the direction of the arrow on the sensor.
• Reverse flow moves in the direction opposite of the arrow on the sensor.
Table 3-4 Transmitter behavior for each flow direction value
Forward flow Reverse flow
Flow direction
value
Forward only Increase Read positive No change Read negative
Reverse only No change Read positive Increase Read negative
Bidirectional Increase Read positive Decrease Read negative
Absolute value Increase Read positive
Negate/forward only No change Read negative Increase Read positive
Negate/bidirectional Decrease Read negative Increase Read positive
(1) Refer to the digital communications status bits for an indication of whether flow is positive or negative.
Flow totals
Flow values on display
or via digital comm. Flow totals
(1)
Increase Read positive
Flow values on display
or via digital comm.
(1)
You can change the flow direction parameter with a fieldbus host or ProLink II software.
30 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
Configuring the Transmitter
With a fieldbus host
The
FLOW_DIRECTION parameter in the MEASUREMENT transducer block holds the flow direction
value.
To change the flow direction parameter with a fieldbus host:
1. Select the
MEASUREMENT transducer block.
2. Set the
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
is O/S.
4. Set the
5. Set the
FLOW_DIRECTION parameter to a new value. See Table 3-4.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
With ProLink II software
To change the flow direction parameter with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
2. Click the
ProLink > Configuration.
Flow tab.
3. Click the arrow in the
Tabl e 3- 4.
4. Click
Apply.
3.14 Changing the software tag
The transmitter is capable of holding a software tag in its memory. The software tag is a short name or
identifier for the transmitter. You can change the software tag with a fieldbus host or ProLink II
software.
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
Flow Direction box, and select a flow direction value from the list. See
With a fieldbus host
To change the software tag with a fieldbus host, use the host’s tag setting feature.
With ProLink II software
To change the software tag with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
2. Click the
3. Type a new name in the
4. Click
ProLink II > Configuration.
Device (Fieldbus) tab.
Tag box.
Apply.
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 31
Configuring the Transmitter
3.15 Changing the display functionality
You can restrict the display functionality or change the variables that are shown on the display.
3.15.1 Enabling and disabling display functions
Each display function and its associated parameter is listed in Table 3-5.
Table 3-5 Display functions and parameters
Display function Enabled Disabled
Totalizer reset Resetting mass and volume
totalizers is permitted.
Totalizer start/stop Operator can start and stop
totalizers from the display.
Auto scroll Display automatically
scrolls through each
process variable.
Off-line menu Operator has access to the
off-line menu.
Off-line password Password required for
off-line menu. See
Section 3.15.3.
Alarm menu Operator has access to
Acknowledge all
alarms
alarm menu.
Operator can acknowledge
all current alarms at once.
Resetting mass and volume
totalizers is not possible.
Operate cannot start or
stop totalizers.
Operator must Scroll to
view process variables.
No access to the off-line
menu.
Off-line menu accessible
without a password.
No access to the alarm
menu.
Alarms must be
acknowledged individually.
LOCAL DISPLAY transducer
block parameter
EN_LDO_TOT_RESET
EN_LDO_TOT_START_STOP
EN_LDO_AUTO_SCROLL
EN_LDO_OFFLINE_MENU
EN_LDO_OFFLINE_PWD
EN_LDO_ALARM_MENU
EN_LDO_ACK_ALL_ALARMS
You can enable and disable the display parameters with a fieldbus host or ProLink II software.
With a fieldbus host
Each transducer block parameter listed in Table 3-5 holds the enable or disable value for its associated
display function.
To enable or disable display functions with a fieldbus host:
1. Select the
2. Set the
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
LOCAL DISPLAY transducer block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
4. Select a parameter (see Table 3-5) and set its value to Enabled or Disabled.
5. Set the
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
With ProLink II software
To enable or disable display functions with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
2. Click the
ProLink > Configuration.
Display Config tab.
3. Enable or disable display functions by selecting and deselecting the checkboxes.
4. Click
Apply.
32 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
Configuring the Transmitter
3.15.2 Changing the scroll rate
The scroll rate is used to control the speed of scrolling when auto scroll is enabled. Scroll rate defines
how long each display variable will be shown on the display. The time period is defined in seconds
(e.g., if scroll rate is set to 10, each display variable will be shown on the display for 10 seconds).
You can change the scroll rate with a fieldbus host or ProLink II software.
With a fieldbus host
The
LDO_SCROLL_RATE parameter in the LOCAL DISPLAY transducer block holds the
scroll rate.
To change the scroll rate with a fieldbus host:
1. Select the
2. Set the
LOCAL DISPLAY transducer block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
3. Set the
4. Set the
LDO_SCROLL_RATE parameter to a new value (in seconds).
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
With ProLink II software
To change the scroll rate with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
2. Click the
3. Type the desired scroll rate (between 1 and 10 seconds) in the
4. Click
ProLink > Configuration.
Display Config tab.
Auto Scroll Rate box.
Apply.
3.15.3 Changing the off-line password
The off-line password prevents unauthorized users from gaining access to the off-line menu. You can
change the offline password with a fieldbus host or ProLink II software.
With a fieldbus host
The
LDO_OFFLINE_PWD in the LOCAL DISPLAY transducer block holds the off-line password.
To change the off-line password with a fieldbus host:
1. Select the
2. Set the
LOCAL DISPLAY transducer block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
4. Type the new password in the
LDO_OFFLINE_PWD parameter. Display passwords are
numeric and range from 0000–9999.
5. Set the
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 33
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
Configuring the Transmitter
With ProLink II software
To change the off-line password with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
ProLink > Configuration.
2. Click the
3. Type the desired off-line password in the
Display Config tab.
Offline Password box. Display passwords are
numeric and range from 0000–9999.
4. Click
Apply.
3.15.4 Using the backlight
To turn on and off the display backlight with a fieldbus host:
1. Select the
2. Set the
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
LOCAL DISPLAY transducer block.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
4. Set the
5. Set the
LDO_BACKLIGHT_ON parameter to On or Off.
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
3.15.5 Changing the display variables
The display can scroll through up to 15 process variables in any order. You can select the process
variables you wish to see and the order in which they should appear.
Table 3-6 shows an example of a display variable configuration. Notice that you can repeat variables,
and you can choose a value of “None.” The actual appearance of each process variable on the display
is described in Appendix B.
Table 3-6 Example of a display variable configuration
Display variable Process variable
Display variable 1 Mass flow
Display variable 2 Volume flow
Display variable 3 Density
Display variable 4 Mass flow
Display variable 5 Volume flow
Display variable 6 Mass totalizer
Display variable 7 Mass flow
Display variable 8 Temperature
Display variable 9 Volume flow
Display variable 10 Volume totalizer
Display variable 11 Density
Display variable 12 Temperature
Display variable 13 None
Display variable 14 None
Display variable 15 None
34 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
Configuring the Transmitter
You can change the display variables with a fieldbus host or ProLink II software.
Note: Display Variable 1 is fixed at the mass-flow process variable and cannot be changed.
With a fieldbus host
LOCAL DISPLAY transducer block holds the parameters that control the display variables. The
The
parameters are named
LDO_VAR_1_CODE cannot be changed.)
To change the display variables:
1. Select the
LDO_VAR_1_CODE through LDO_VAR_15_CODE. (Note that
LOCAL DISPLAY transducer block.
2. Set the
3. Write to the transmitter, and wait until the
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to O/S.
ACTUAL value of the MODE_BLK parameter
is O/S.
4. Set each display variable parameter to one of the process variables (see example in Table 3-6).
5. Set the
TARG ET value of the MODE_BLK parameter to Auto.
With ProLink II software
To change the display variables with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
2. Click the
ProLink > Configuration.
LDO Config tab.
3. Select a process variable from each drop-down list.
4. Click
Apply.
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 35
36 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
Chapter 4
Operation
4.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to use the transmitter in everyday operation. The procedures in this
section will enable you to use a fieldbus host, the display, or ProLink II software to:
• View process variables
• Use simulation mode
• Respond to alarms
• Use the totalizers and inventories
Note: All ProLink II procedures provided in this section assume that your computer is already
connected to the transmitter and you have established communication. See Appendix A.
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
Using the service port to communicate with the transmitter in a hazardous
area can cause an explosion.
Before using ProLink II software via the service port to communicate with the
transmitter in a hazardous area, make sure the atmosphere is free of explosive
gases.
4.2 Viewing process variables
Process variables include measurements such as mass-flow rate, volume-flow rate, mass total, volume
total, temperature, density, and drive gain.
You can view process variables with a fieldbus host, the display, or ProLink II software.
With a fieldbus host
The transmitter has four fieldbus
process variable, the associated units of measure, and a status value that indicates measurement
quality. For more information on the function blocks, see Appendix C.
To view a process variable, select the
parameter.
You can also view each process variable by reading the
for each process variable. Table 4-1 lists the process variables that correspond to each
MEASUREMENT transducer block parameter.
WARNING
AI function blocks. Each AI function block reports the value of one
AI function block that measures that variable, and read the OUT
MEASUREMENT transducer block parameter
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 37
Operation
Table 4-1 Process variable parameters in the MEASUREMENT transducer block
Process variable Transducer block parameter
Mass-flow rate MFLOW
Volume-flow rate VOL_FLOW
Temperature TEMPERATURE
Density DENSITY
Gas standard volume
(1) Gas standard volume is not available if either the petroleum measurement application (API) or the enhanced density
application is enabled.
(1)
GSV_VOL_FLOW
With the display
The display reports the abbreviated name of the process variable (e.g.,
DENS for density — see
Appendix B for a complete list), the current value of that process variable, and the associated units of
3
measure (e.g., g/cm
To view a process variable with the display,
).
Scroll until the name of the desired process variable
either:
• Appears on the process variable line, or
• Begins to alternate with the units of measure
With ProLink II software
To view process variables with ProLink II software, choose
4.3 Enabling simulation mode
The transmitter has a “Simulate Enable” switch, which enables the transmitter to function in
simulation mode as defined in the F
software-selectable via ProLink II software or the display.
Note: Cycling power to the transmitter will disable simulation mode.
With ProLink II software
To enable simulation mode with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
2. Click the
3. Select the
4. Click
ProLink II > Configuration.
Device (Fieldbus) tab.
Simulate Mode checkbox.
Apply.
ProLink > Process Variables.
OUNDATION fieldbus function block specification. This switch is
38 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
Operation
With the display
To enable simulation mode using the display, see Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-1 Display menu — enabling simulation mode
Scroll and Select
simultaneously until
SEE ALARM appears
Scroll
OFF-LINE MAINT
Select
4.4 Responding to alarms
The transmitter broadcasts alarms when a process variable exceeds its defined limits or the transmitter
detects a fault condition. For instructions regarding all the possible alarms, see Section 5.9.
4.4.1 Viewing alarms
You can view alarms with a fieldbus host, the display, or ProLink II software.
OFF-LINE CONFG
Select
ENABLE SIM
Select
Scroll
Select
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
With a fieldbus host
The transmitter sets its fieldbus output status to bad or uncertain whenever an alarm condition occurs.
When the output status is bad or uncertain, you can view an alarm by reading the following alarm
parameters:
• Each
•The
AI function block contains an ALARM_SUM parameter that contains the alarm bits for
AI block.
that
DIAGNOSTICS transducer block contains four parameters named ALARM1_STATUS
through ALARM4_STATUS. Each of these parameters has a short list of alarm bits.
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 39
Operation
With the display
The display reports alarms in two ways:
• With a status LED, which reports only that one or more alarms has occurred
• Through the alarm queue, which reports each specific alarm
Note: If access to the alarm menu from the display has been disabled (see Section 3.15), then the
display will not list alarm codes in an alarm queue and the status LED will not flash. The status LED
will indicate status using solid green, yellow, or red.
The status LED is located at the top of the display (Figure 4-2). The status LED can be in one of six
possible states, as listed in Table 4-2.
Figure 4-2 Display alarm menu
Status LED
Table 4-2 Priorities reported by the status LED
Status LED state Alarm priority
Green No alarm—normal operating mode
Flashing green
Yellow Acknowledged low severity alarm
Flashing yellow
Red Acknowledged high severity alarm
Flashing red
(1) If the display alarm menu has been disabled, alarms cannot be acknowledged. In this case, the status
LED will never flash.
(1)
(1)
(1)
Unacknowledged corrected condition
Unacknowledged low severity alarm
Unacknowledged high severity alarm
Alarms in the alarm queue are arranged according to priority. To view specific alarms in the queue,
see Figure 4-3.
40 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
Operation
Figure 4-3 Display menu — viewing alarms
ACK ALL will appear only if
it has been enabled.
See Section 3.15.
Scroll and Select
simultaneously until
SEE ALARM appears
Select
ACK ALL? NO ALARM
Scroll
Scroll to view alarms;
see Section 5.9 for
alarm codes
Scroll until EXIT
appears
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
Select
With ProLink II software
To view alarms with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
ProLink > Status.
2. The status indicators are divided into three categories: Critical, Informational, and
Operational. To view the indicators in a category, click on the appropriate tab.
• A tab is red if one or more status indicators in that category is on.
• On each tab, current alarms are shown by red status indicators.
4.4.2 Acknowledging alarms
Acknowledging alarms is a display function. It is required only for transmitters that have a display,
and only when access to the display alarm menu has been enabled. If the alarm menu has been
disabled, the status LED (Figure 4-2) will show a solid green, yellow, or red (i.e., it will not flash).
To acknowledge an alarm with the display, see Figure 4-4. If it is enabled, the ACK ALL function will
allow you to acknowledge all unacknowledged alarms at once. See Section 3.15 for information about
configuring display options.
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 41
Operation
Figure 4-4 Display menu — acknowledging alarms
Scroll and Select
simultaneously until
SEE ALARM appears
Select
ACK ALL? NO ALARM
Select
Scroll
Scroll to individual
alarm
Select
ACK? alternates with
ALARM
Select
Ye s
Acknowledge
more
alarms?
No
Scroll until EXIT
appears
Select
4.5 Using the totalizers and inventories
The totalizers keep track of the total amount of mass or volume measured by the transmitter over a
period of time. The totalizers can be viewed, started, stopped, and reset.
The inventories track the same values as the totalizers but can be reset separately. Because the
inventories and totals are reset separately, you can keep a running total of mass or volume across
multiple totalizer resets.
4.5.1 Viewing the totalizers and inventories
You can view the current value of the mass totalizer, volume totalizer, mass inventory, and volume
inventory with a fieldbus host, the display, or ProLink II software.
With a fieldbus host
If you have set up the
inventories (see Section 1.4), you can simply read the
42 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
INT function block to report the status of one of the internal totalizers or
OUT parameter of the INT function block.
Operation
You can view any of the internal totalizers or inventories by inspecting their respective transducer
block parameters. See Table 4-3.
S
Table 4-3 Totalizer and inventory parameter names
Totalizer/inventory Transducer block Parameter name
Mass totalizer MEASUREMENT MASS_TOTAL
Volume totalizer MEASUREMENT VOLUME_TOTAL
Mass inventory MEASUREMENT MASS_INVENTORY
Volume Inventory MEASUREMENT VOLUME_INVENTORY
Reference volume gas total MEASUREMENT GSV_VOL_TOT
Reference volume gas inventory MEASUREMENT GSV_VOL_INV
With the display
You cannot view totalizers or inventories with the display unless the display has been configured to
show them. See Section 3.15.
To view totalizer values,
display. Generally, the word
LVO L I appears for volume inventory. For a complete list of labels used by the display, see
Scroll until the totalizer or inventory you want to view appears on the
TOTAL appears for totalizers, MASSI appears for mass inventory, and
Appendix B.
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
Figure 4-5 Display totalizer
Current value
Process
variable line
Units of
measure
Scroll optical switch
With ProLink II software
To view the current value of the totalizers and inventories with ProLink II software, choose either
ProLink > Process Variables or ProLink > Totalizer Control.
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 43
Operation
4.5.2 Controlling the totalizers and inventories
Table 4-4 shows all of the totalizer functions and which configuration tools you can use to
control them.
Table 4-4 Totalizer and inventory control methods
ProLink II
Function Name Fieldbus host
Stop all totalizers and inventories Yes Yes Yes
Start all totalizers and inventories Yes Yes Yes
Reset individual totalizer Yes Yes Yes
Reset all totalizers Yes Yes No
Reset all inventories Yes Yes
(1) If enabled for the display. See Section 3.15.
(2) If enabled in the ProLink II preferences.
Software Display
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
No
With device description methods
Table 4-5 shows how you can control the totalizers and inventories using a fieldbus host that supports
device description methods.
Table 4-5 Totalizer/inventory control with device description methods
To accomplish this Do this
Stop all totalizers and inventories Run the Stop Totals DD method.
Start all totalizers and inventories Run the Start Totals DD method.
Reset mass totalizer Run the Reset Mass Total DD method.
Reset volume totalizer Run the Reset Volume Total DD method.
Simultaneously reset all totalizers Run the Reset Totals DD method.
Simultaneously reset all inventories Run the Reset Inventories DD method.
With a fieldbus host
If you have set up the
(see Section 1.4), you can reset that totalizer by selecting the
OP_CMD_INT method parameter to Reset.
INT function block to report the status of one of the internal totalizers
INT function block and setting the
Table 4-6 shows how you can control the totalizers and inventories using a fieldbus host.
44 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
Operation
Table 4-6 Totalizer/inventory control with a fieldbus host
To accomplish this Do this
Stop all totalizers and inventories Select the MEASUREMENT transducer block, set the
START_STOP_TOTALS method parameter to Stop Totals, then
write to the transmitter.
Start all totalizers and inventories Select the MEASUREMENT transducer block, set the
START_STOP_TOTALS method parameter to Start Totals, then
write to the transmitter.
Reset mass totalizer Select the MEASUREMENT transducer block, set the
RESET_MASS_TOTAL method parameter to Reset, then write to
the transmitter.
Reset volume totalizer Select the MEASUREMENT transducer block, set the
RESET_VOLUME_TOTAL method parameter to Reset, then write to
the transmitter.
Simultaneously reset all totalizers Select the MEASUREMENT transducer block, set the
RESET_TOTALS method parameter to Reset Totals, then write to
the transmitter.
Simultaneously reset all inventories Select the MEASUREMENT transducer block, set the
RESET_INVENTORIES method parameter to Reset Inventories,
then write to the transmitter.
Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup Calibration OperationConfigurationStartup
With ProLink II software
Table 4-7 shows how you can control the totalizers and inventories using ProLink II software. To get
to the Totalizer Control screen, choose
ProLink > Totalizer Control.
Table 4-7 Totalizer/inventory control with ProLink II software
To accomplish this On the Totalizer Control screen...
Stop all totalizers and inventories Click Stop
Start all totalizers and inventories Click Start
Reset mass totalizer Click Reset Mass Total
Reset volume totalizer Click Reset Volume Total
Simultaneously reset all totalizers Click Reset
Simultaneously reset all inventories
(1) If enabled in the ProLink II preferences.
(1)
Click Reset Inventories
With the display
Figure 4-6 shows how you can control the totalizers and inventories with the display.
• Starting or stopping totalizers and inventories will start or stop all totalizers and inventories
simultaneously.
• Resetting totalizers resets only the totalizer for which the reset is selected. Inventories cannot
be reset using the display.
Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus 45
Operation
Figure 4-6 Display menu — controlling totalizers and inventories
Scroll until desired totalizer or
inventory appears on screen
Select
RESET
Scroll
START
Scroll
STOP
Scroll
EXIT
Select
(1)
(1)
(1)
Select
Select
Select
YES?
YES?
YES?
Select
Select
Select
(1) Resetting, starting, and stopping of totalizers can
be enabled or disabled. See Section 3.15.
46 Transmitter Configuration and Use: LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus
Chapter 5
Troubleshooting
5.1 Overview
This chapter describes guidelines and procedures for troubleshooting the flowmeter. The information
in this section will enable you to:
• Categorize the problem
• Determine whether you are able to correct the problem
• Take corrective measures (if possible)
Note: All ProLink II procedures provided in this section assume that your computer is already
connected to the transmitter and you have established communication. See Appendix A.
5.2 Micro Motion customer service
Micro Motion provides an online troubleshooting system. To use it, go to www.expert2.com.
To speak to a customer service representative, phone the support center nearest you:
Using ProLink II Function BlocksUsing DisplayTroubleshooting
• In the U.S.A., phone 1-800-522-MASS (1-800-522-6277)
• In Canada and Latin America, phone (303) 527-5200
• In Asia, phone (65) 6770-8155
• In the U.K., phone 0800 - 966 180 (toll-free)
• Outside the U.K., phone +31 (0) 318 495 670
Before contacting Micro Motion customer service, review the troubleshooting information and
procedures in this chapter, and have the results available for discussion with the technician.
5.3 Guide to troubleshooting topics
Refer to Table 5-1 for a list of troubleshooting topics discussed in this chapter.
Table 5-1 Troubleshooting topics
Topic Section
Transmitter does not operate Section 5.4
Transmitter does not communicate Section 5.5
Zero or calibration failure Section 5.6
Unexpected output problems Section 5.7
Lost static data alarm Section 5.8
Status alarms Section 5.9
Wiring problems Section 5.10
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 47
Troubleshooting
Table 5-1 Troubleshooting topics continued
Topic Section
Slug flow Section 5.11
Test points Section 5.12
Checking the sensor Section 5.13
5.4 Transmitter does not operate
If the transmitter is receiving power but all blocks are out of service, see Section 5.8.
If the transmitter is not receiving power and cannot communicate over the network or display, then
perform all of the procedures under Section 5.10. If the wiring checks do not indicate a problem with
electrical connections, contact Micro Motion Customer Service.
5.5 Transmitter does not communicate
• Make sure that the entire fieldbus network is grounded only once (individual segments should
not be grounded).
• Perform the procedures under Section 5.10.4.
• If you are using a National Instruments
Section 5.5.1.
®
Configurator, perform the procedures under
• Verify the software version by reading the display at power up.
• Verify the transmitter has fieldbus software loaded into it. At power up, the local display will
briefly flash the revision level. For revision 1.0, 1.0 is displayed. For other revisions, x.x F is
displayed.
5.5.1 National Instruments basic information
To verify the Dlme Basic Info:
1. Launch the National Instruments Interface Configuration Utility.
2. Select the appropriate port, usually
3. Click
4. Click
Edit.
Advanced.
Port 0.
5. Verify the following information:
•
Slot Time equals 8
•
Max Response Time equals 10
•
Dlpdu Ph1 Overhead equals 4
•
Min Inter-Pdu Delay equals 12
•
Time Sync Class equals 1 ms
If none of these checks indicates a problem, contact the DeltaV
™
Response Center at 1-888-367-3774.
48 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
Troubleshooting
5.6 Zero or calibration failure
If a zero or calibration procedure fails, the transmitter will send one or more status alarms indicating
the cause of failure. Refer to Table 5-3 for descriptions of status alarms and possible remedies.
5.7 Output problems
Micro Motion suggests that you make a record of the process variables listed below, under normal
operating conditions. This will help you recognize when the process variables are unusually high
or low.
• Flow rate
• Density
•Temperature
• Tube frequency
• Pickoff voltage
•Drive gain
For troubleshooting, check the process variables under both normal flow and tubes-full no-flow
conditions. Except for flow rate, you should see little or no change between flow and no-flow
conditions. If you see a significant difference, record the values and contact Micro Motion Customer
Service for assistance.
Unusual values for process variables may indicate a variety of different problems. Table 5-2 lists
several possible problems and remedies.
Using ProLink II Function BlocksUsing DisplayTroubleshooting
Table 5-2 Output problems and possible remedies
Symptom Cause Possible remedies
AI block fault Measurement units mismatch Make sure the UNITS value of the
XD_SCALE parameter matches the units
specified in the transducer block for that
process variable.
No output or incorrect process
variable
Steady non-zero flow rate under
no-flow conditions
CHANNEL parameter set incorrectly Verify the CHANNEL parameter in the AI
block matches the correct transducer
block measurement channels (1–18).
Misaligned piping (especially in new
installations)
Open or leaking valve Check or correct the valve mechanism.
Bad sensor zero Rezero the flowmeter. See Section 1.5.
Correct the piping.
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 49
Troubleshooting
Table 5-2 Output problems and possible remedies continued
Symptom Cause Possible remedies
Erratic non-zero flow rate under
no-flow conditions
Erratic non-zero flow rate when flow
is steady
Inaccurate flow rate Inappropriate measurement unit Check measurement units using a
Wiring problem Verify all sensor-to-transmitter wiring and
Noise in fieldbus wiring Verify that the wiring is properly shielded
Incorrectly set or bad power
conditioner
Vibration in pipeline at rate close to
sensor frequency
Leaking valve or seal Check pipeline.
Inappropriate measurement unit Check measurement units using a
Inappropriate damping value Check damping. See Section 5.7.1.
Slug flow See Section 5.11.
Plugged flow tube Check drive gain and frequency. Purge the
Mounting stress on sensor Check sensor mounting. Ensure that:
Sensor cross-talk Check environment for sensor with similar
Output wiring problem Verify fieldbus wiring.
Inappropriate measurement unit Check measurement units using a
Inappropriate damping value Check damping. See Section 5.7.1.
Excessive or erratic drive gain See Sections 5.12.3 and 5.12.4.
Slug flow See Section 5.11.
Plugged flow tube Check drive gain and tube frequency.
Wiring problem Verify all sensor-to-transmitter wiring and
Bad sensor zero Rezero the flowmeter. See Section 1.5.
Bad flowmeter grounding See Section 5.10.3.
Slug flow See Section 5.11.
Incorrectly set linearization See Section 5.7.6.
Wiring problem Verify all sensor-to-transmitter wiring and
ensure the wires are making good
contact.
against noise.
See Section 5.7.5.
Check the environment and remove the
source of vibration.
fieldbus host.
flow tubes.
• Sensor is not being used to support
pipe.
• Sensor is not being used to correct
misaligned pipe.
• Sensor is not too heavy for pipe.
(±0.5 Hz) tube frequency.
fieldbus tool.
Purge the flow tubes.
ensure the wires are making good
contact.
fieldbus host.
ensure the wires are making good
contact.
50 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
Troubleshooting
Table 5-2 Output problems and possible remedies continued
Symptom Cause Possible remedies
Inaccurate density reading Problem with process fluid Use standard procedures to check quality
Wiring problem Verify all sensor-to-transmitter wiring and
Bad flowmeter grounding See Section 5.10.3.
Slug flow See Section 5.11.
Sensor cross-talk Check environment for sensor with similar
Plugged flow tube Check drive gain and tube frequency.
Temperature reading significantly
different from process temperature
Temperature reading slightly different
from process temperature
Unusually high density reading Plugged flow tube Check drive gain and tube frequency.
Unusually low density reading Slug flow See Section 5.11.
Unusually high tube frequency Sensor erosion Contact Micro Motion Customer Service.
Unusually low tube frequency Plugged flow tube Check drive gain and tube frequency.
Unusually low pickoff voltages Several possible causes See Section 5.12.5.
Unusually high drive gain Several possible causes See Section 5.12.3.
RTD failure Check for alarm conditions and follow
Temperature calibration required Perform temperature calibration. See
of process fluid.
ensure the wires are making good
contact.
(±0.5 Hz) tube frequency.
Purge the flow tubes.
troubleshooting procedure for indicated
alarm.
Section 2.4.
Purge the flow tubes.
Purge the flow tubes.
Using ProLink II Function BlocksUsing DisplayTroubleshooting
5.7.1 Damping
An incorrectly set damping value may make the transmitter’s output appear too sluggish or too jumpy.
Adjust the FLOW_DAMPING, TEMPERATURE_DAMPING, and DENSITY_DAMPING
parameters in the transducer block to achieve the damping effect you want. See Section 3.9.
Other damping problems
If the transmitter appears to be applying damping values incorrectly or the damping effects do not
appear to be changed by adjustments to the DAMPING parameters, then the PV_FTIME parameter in
an AI function block may be improperly set. Inspect each AI function block, and ensure that the
PV_FTIME parameter is set to zero.
5.7.2 Flow cutoff
If the transmitter is sending an output of zero unexpectedly, then one of the cutoff parameters may be
set incorrectly. See Section 3.12 for more information about configuring cutoffs.
5.7.3 Output scale
An incorrectly configured output scale can cause the transmitter to report unexpected output levels.
Verify that the XD_SCALE values are set up correctly for each AI block. See Section 3.5.
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 51
Troubleshooting
5.7.4 Calibration
Improper calibration may cause the transmitter to send unexpected output values. However, you
should suspect an improper calibration only if the transmitter has been field-calibrated recently. Refer
to Section 2.1 for more information about calibration.
Note: Micro Motion recommends using meter factors, rather than calibration, to prove the meter
against a regulatory standard or to correct measurement error. Contact Micro Motion before
calibrating your flowmeter. Refer to Section 3.10 for information about meter factors.
5.7.5 Fieldbus network power conditioner
An incorrectly set or bad power conditioner can cause inappropriate communication from the
transmitter. For the MTL power conditioner, the red switch (dual redundancy) should be set to Normal
Mode. The yellow switch (termination) should be set to Termination In. If you suspect further
problems with the power conditioner, contact Micro Motion Customer Service for assistance.
5.7.6 Linearization
The linearization parameter in each AI function block can affect the transmitter’s output. Verify that
the L_TYPE parameter is set to Direct or Indirect. For an explanation of each value, see Section 3.6.
5.8 Lost static data alarm
After performing an EEPROM init using the Micro Motion Load Utility, the resource block may be
out of service and indicating a lost static data alarm. (This will cause all the rest of the function blocks
to also be out of service.)
This behavior is normal for an EEPROM initalization. Cycle power to the transmitter to clear the
condition.
5.9 Status alarms
Status alarms are reported by a fieldbus host, the display, and ProLink II software. Remedies for the
alarm states appear in Table 5-3.
Table 5-3 Status alarms and remedies
Display
code Fieldbus ProLink II software Possible remedies
A1 EEPROM error (CP) EEPROM checksum Cycle power to the transmitter.
The flowmeter might need service. Contact Micro
Motion Customer Service.
A2 RAM error (CP) RAM error Cycle power to the transmitter.
The flowmeter might need service. Contact Micro
Motion Customer Service.
A3 Sensor Fail Sensor failure Check the test points. See Section 5.12.
Check wiring to sensor. See Section 5.10.2.
Check for slug flow. See Section 5.11.
Check sensor tubes.
52 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
Troubleshooting
Table 5-3 Status alarms and remedies continued
Display
code Fieldbus ProLink II software Possible remedies
A4 Temp. Overrange Temperature overrange Check the test points. See Section 5.12.
Check wiring to sensor. See Section 5.10.2.
Verify process temperature range is within limits for
sensor and transmitter.
Contact Micro Motion Customer Service.
A5 Input overrange Input overrange Check the test points. See Section 5.12.
Verify process conditions.
Verify that transmitter is configured to use appropriate
measurement units. See Section 3.3.
Re-zero the flowmeter. See Section 1.5.
A6 Unconfig – FloCal
Unconfig – K1
A7 RTI failure RTI failure Cycle power to the transmitter.
A8 Dens. Overrange Density overrange Check the test points. See Section 5.12.
A9 Xmitter Init Transmitter initializing Allow the transmitter to warm up. The error should
A10 Cal Failed Calibration failure If alarm appears during zero, ensure there is no flow
A11 Cal Fail: Low Zero too low Ensure there is no flow through sensor, then retry.
A12 Cal Fail: High Zero too high Ensure there is no flow through sensor, then retry.
A13 Cal Fail: Noisy Zero too noisy Remove or reduce sources of electromechanical
A14 Transmitter Fail Transmitter fail Cycle power to the transmitter.
A16 Line RTD Over Line temp out-of-range Check the test points. See Section 5.12.
A17 Meter RTD Over Meter temp out-of-range Check the test points. See Section 5.12.
Not configured Contact Micro Motion Customer Service.
The flowmeter might need service. Contact Micro
Motion Customer Service.
Check for air in flow tubes, tubes not filled, foreign
material in tubes, coating in tubes.
disappear from the status words once the transmitter
is ready for normal operation.
through the sensor, then retry.
Cycle power to the flowmeter, then retry.
Cycle power to the flowmeter, then retry.
Cycle power to the flowmeter, then retry.
noise, then attempt the calibration or zero procedure
again.
Possible sources of noise include:
• Mechanical pumps
• Electrical interference
• Vibration effects from nearby machinery
Cycle power to the flowmeter, then retry.
The transmitter might need service. Contact Micro
Motion Customer Service.
Check wiring to sensor. See Section 5.10.2.
Contact Micro Motion Customer Service.
Contact Micro Motion Customer Service.
Using ProLink II Function BlocksUsing DisplayTroubleshooting
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 53
Troubleshooting
Table 5-3 Status alarms and remedies continued
Display
code Fieldbus ProLink II software Possible remedies
A18 EEPROM err (2700) EEPROM checksum Cycle power to the transmitter.
The transmitter might need service. Contact Micro
Motion Customer Service.
A19 RAM err (2700) RAM error Cycle power to the transmitter.
The transmitter might need service. Contact Micro
Motion Customer Service.
A20 Unconfig – FloCal Cal factor unentered Contact Micro Motion Customer Service.
A21 Unconfigured—need K1 Incorrect sensor type Contact Micro Motion Customer Service.
A22 EEPROM error (CP) Configuration corrupt The flowmeter needs service. Contact Micro Motion
Customer Service.
A23 EEPROM error (CP) Totals corrupt The flowmeter needs service. Contact Micro Motion
Customer Service.
A24 EEPROM error (CP) CP program corrupt The flowmeter needs service. Contact Micro Motion
Customer Service.
A25 Boot Fail (CP) Boot sector fault The flowmeter needs service. Contact Micro Motion
Customer Service.
A26 Sns/Xmitter comm fault Sensor/transmitter
comm. failure
A102 Drive Overrange Drive overrange Excessive or erratic drive gain. See Section 5.12.3.
A103 Data Loss Possible Data loss possible Cycle power to the transmitter.
A104 Cal in Progress Calibration in progress Allow the flowmeter to complete calibration.
A105 Slug Flow Slug flow Allow slug flow to clear from the process.
A107 Power Reset Power reset No action is necessary.
Check wiring between transmitter and sensor (see
Section 5.10.2). The wires may be swapped. After
swapping wires, cycle power to the flowmeter.
Check for noise in wiring or transmitter environment.
Check sensor LED. See Section 5.13.1.
Perform the sensor resistance test. See
Section 5.13.2.
The transmitter might need service. Contact Micro
Motion Customer Service.
See Section 5.11.
5.10 Diagnosing wiring problems
Use the procedures in this section to check the transmitter installation for wiring problems.
WARNING
Removing the wiring compartment covers in explosive atmospheres while
the power is on can cause an explosion.
Before removing the field wiring compartment cover in explosive atmospheres, shut
off the power and wait five minutes.
54 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
Troubleshooting
5.10.1 Checking the power supply wiring
To check the power supply wiring:
5.10.2 Checking the sensor-to-transmitter wiring
1. Verify that the correct external fuse is used. An incorrect fuse can limit current to the
transmitter and keep it from initializing.
2. Power down the transmitter.
3. If the transmitter is in a hazardous area, wait five minutes.
4. Ensure that the power supply wires are connected to the correct terminals. Refer to the
installation manual.
5. Verify that the power supply wires are making good contact and are not clamped to the wire
insulation.
6. Inspect the voltage label on the inside of the field-wiring compartment. Verify that the voltage
supplied to the transmitter matches the voltage specified on the label.
7. Use a voltmeter to test the voltage at the transmitter’s power supply terminals. Verify that it is
within specified limits. For DC power, you may need to size the cable. Refer to the installation
manual for information about the transmitter power supply.
Using ProLink II Function BlocksUsing DisplayTroubleshooting
To check the sensor-to-transmitter wiring, verify that:
• The transmitter is connected to the sensor according to the wiring information provided in the
transmitter installation manual.
• The wires are making good contact with the terminals.
• The mating connector between the sensor and the transmitter is securely plugged into its
socket.
If the wires are incorrectly connected, power down the transmitter (wait five minutes before opening
the transmitter compartment if the transmitter is in a hazardous area), correct the wiring, then restore
power to the transmitter.
5.10.3 Checking the grounding
The sensor and the transmitter must be grounded. The transmitter is grounded via the shielded cable
between the sensor and the transmitter. The sensor mounting plate must be grounded to earth. See the
installation manual.
5.10.4 Checking the communication wiring
To check the communication wiring, verify that:
• Communication wires and connections meet F
OUNDATION fieldbus wiring standards.
• Wires are connected according to instructions provided in the transmitter installation manual.
• Wires are making good contact with the terminals.
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 55
Troubleshooting
5.11 Checking slug flow
The dynamics of slug flow are described in Section 3.11. If the transmitter is reporting a slug flow
alarm, first check the process and possible mechanical causes for the alarm:
• Actual changes in process density
• Cavitation or flashing
• Leaks
If there are no mechanical causes for the slug flow alarm, the slow flow limits and duration may be set
too high or too low. The high limit is set by default to 5.0 g/cm
3
0.0 g/cm
. Lowering the high limit or raising the low limit will cause the transmitter to be more
sensitive to changes in density. If you expect occasional slug flow in your process, you may need to
increase the slug flow duration. A longer slug flow duration will make the transmitter more tolerant of
slug flow.
5.12 Checking the test points
You can diagnose sensor failure or overrange status alarms by checking the flowmeter test points. The
test points include left and right pickoff voltages, drive gain, and tube frequency.
3
, and the low limit is set by default to
5.12.1 Obtaining the test points
You can obtain the test points with a fieldbus host or ProLink II software.
With a fieldbus host
To obtain the test points with a fieldbus host:
1. Select the
2. Write down the values of the
RIGHT_PICKOFF_VOLTAGE, and TUBE_FREQUENCY parameters.
DIAGNOSTICS transducer block.
DRIVE_GAIN, LEFT_PICKOFF_VOLTAGE,
With ProLink II software
To obtain the test points with ProLink II software:
1. Choose
2. Write down the value you find in the
Pickoff
ProLink > Diagnostic Information.
Tube Frequency box, the Left Pickoff box, the Right
box, and the Drive Gain box.
5.12.2 Evaluating the test points
Use the following guidelines to evaluate the test points:
• If the drive gain is at 100%, refer to Section 5.12.3.
• If the drive gain is unstable, refer to Section 5.12.4.
• The pickoff value for LF-Series sensors is 800 mV peak-to-peak.
- If the value for the left or right pickoff does not match this value, refer to Section 5.12.5.
- If the pickoff values match this value, record your troubleshooting data and contact the
Micro Motion Customer Service Department for assistance.
56 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
Troubleshooting
5.12.3 Excessive drive gain
The causes and possible solutions of excessive drive gain are listed in Table 5-4.
Table 5-4 Excessive drive gain causes and solutions
Cause Solution
Excessive slug flow Eliminate slugs.
Plugged flow tube Purge the flow tubes.
Cavitation or flashing Increase inlet or back pressure at the sensor.
If a pump is located upstream from the sensor,
increase the distance between the pump and sensor.
Drive board or module failure, cracked flow tube, or sensor
imbalance
Mechanical binding at sensor Ensure sensor is free to vibrate.
Open drive or left pickoff sensor coil Contact Micro Motion Customer Service.
Flow rate out of range Ensure flow rate is within sensor limits.
Contact Micro Motion Customer Service.
5.12.4 Erratic drive gain
Using ProLink II Function BlocksUsing DisplayTroubleshooting
The causes and possible solutions of erratic drive gain are listed in Table 5-5.
Table 5-5 Erratic drive gain causes and solutions
Cause Solution
Polarity of pick-off reversed or polarity of drive reversed Contact Micro Motion Customer Service.
Slug flow Verify flow tubes are completely filled with process
Foreign material caught in flow tubes Purge flow tubes.
fluid, and that slug flow limits and duration are properly
configured. See Section 5.11.
5.12.5 Bad pickoff voltage
The causes and possible solutions of bad pickoff voltage are listed in Table 5-6.
Table 5-6 Bad pickoff voltage causes and solutions
Cause Solution
Process flow rate beyond the limits of the sensor Verify that the process flow rate is not out of range of
the sensor.
Slug flow Verify the flow tubes are completely filled with process
fluid, and that slug flow limits and duration are properly
configured. See Section 5.11.
No tube vibration in sensor Check for plugging.
Ensure sensor is free to vibrate (no mechanical
binding).
Verify wiring.
Process beyond the limits of the sensor Verify that the process flow rate is not out of range of
Moisture in the sensor electronics Eliminate the moisture in the sensor electronics.
The sensor is damaged Contact Micro Motion Customer Service.
the sensor.
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 57
Troubleshooting
5.13 Checking the sensor
Two sensor procedures are available:
• You can check the sensor LED. The sensor has an LED that indicates different flowmeter
conditions.
• You can perform the sensor resistance test to check for a damaged sensor.
5.13.1 Checking the sensor LED
To check the sensor LED:
1. Maintain power to the transmitter.
2. Check the sensor LED against the conditions described in Table 5-7.
Table 5-7 Sensor LED behavior, flowmeter conditions, and remedies
LED behavior Condition Possible remedy
1 flash per second
(75% off, 25% on)
1 flash per second
(25% off, 75% on)
Solid on Zero or calibration in
3 rapid flashes
followed by a pause
4 flashes per second Fault condition Check alarm status.
OFF Sensor receiving
Normal operation No action required.
Slug flow See Section 5.11.
If zero or calibration procedure is in progress, no action is required. If these
progress
Sensor receiving
between 11.5 and 5
volts
Broken pin Contact Micro Motion Customer Service.
less than 5 volts
Sensor internal
failure
procecures are not in progress, contact Micro Motion Customer Service.
Check power supply to transmitter. See Section 5.10.1.
Verify power supply wiring to sensor. Refer to transmitter installation
manual.
If status LED is lit, transmitter is receiving power. Check voltage across
terminals 1 (VDC+) and 2 (VDC–) in sensor. Normal reading is
approximately 14 VDC. If reading is normal, internal sensor failure is
possible — contact Micro Motion Customer Service. If reading is 0, internal
transmitter failure is possible — contact Micro Motion Customer Service. If
reading is less than 1 VDC, verify power supply wiring to sensor. Wires may
be switched. Refer to transmitter installation manual.
If status LED is not lit, transmitter is not receiving power. Check power
supply. If power supply is operational, internal transmitter, display, or LED
failure is possible. Contact Micro Motion Customer Service.
Contact Micro Motion Customer Service.
5.13.2 Sensor resistance test
To perform the sensor resistance test:
1. At the transmitter, disconnect the 4-wire sensor cable from the mating connector. See
Figure 5-1.
58 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
Troubleshooting
Figure 5-1 Sensor resistance test and wire pairs
Sensor terminals
2. Measure the resistance between the following wire pairs:
• Blue and white (RS-485/A and RS-485/B). Resistance should be 40 kΩ to 50 kΩ.
• Black and blue (VDC– and RS-485/A). Resistance should be 20 kΩ to 25 kΩ.
• Black and white (VDC– and RS-485/B). Resistance should be 20 kΩ to 25 kΩ.
3. If any resistance measurements are lower than specified, the sensor may not be able to
communicate with a transmitter. Contact Micro Motion.
4. To return to normal operation, reconnect the 4-wire sensor cable to the mating connector.
4-wire sensor cable Mating connector
VDC+ (Brown)
VDC– (Black)
RS-485/A (Blue)
{
RS-485/B (White)
(transmitter)
Using ProLink II Function BlocksUsing DisplayTroubleshooting
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 59
60 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
Appendix A
Using ProLink II Software
A.1 Overview
The instructions in this manual assume that users are already familiar with ProLink II software and
can perform the following tasks:
• Start and navigate in ProLink II software
• Establish communication between ProLink II software and compatible devices
• Transmit and receive configuration information between ProLink II software and
compatible devices
If you are unable to perform the tasks listed above, consult the ProLink II software manual before
attempting to use the software to configure a transmitter.
A.2 Connecting to a transmitter
You can temporarily connect a personal computer (PC) to the transmitter’s service port. The service
port is located in the power supply compartment, beneath the cover. See Figure A-1.
Using ProLink II Function BlocksUsing DisplayTroubleshooting
Figure A-1 Service port
Power supply cover
Service port (7,8)
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 61
Using ProLink II Software
To connect to the service port:
1. Open the cover to the wiring compartment.
Opening the wiring compartment in a hazardous area can cause an
explosion.
Because the wiring compartment must be open to make a connection to the
service port, the service port should only be used for temporary connections.
When the transmitter is in an explosive atmosphere, do not use the service port to
connect to the transmitter.
2. Open the transmitter’s power supply cover.
3. Connect one end of the signal converter leads to the RS-485 terminals on the signal converter.
4. Connect the other end of the signal converter leads to the service-port terminals. See
Figure A-2.
WARNING
Opening the power supply compartment can expose the operator to electric
shock.
To avoid the risk of electric shock, do not touch the power supply wires or terminals
while using the service port.
Figure A-2 Connecting to the service port
WARNING
RS-485/B
RS-485/A
Service port
25 to 9 pin serial port
adapter (if necessary)
RS-485 to RS-232
signal converter
62 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
Appendix B
Using the Display
B.1 Overview
This appendix describes the basic use of the display.
B.2 Components
Figure B-1 illustrates the display components.
Figure B-1 Display components
Using ProLink II Function BlocksUsing DisplayTroubleshooting
Current value
Process variable line
Units of
Indicator light
Scroll optical switch
The
Scroll and Select optical switches are used to navigate the transmitter display. To activate an
optical switch, touch the glass in front of the optical switch or move your finger over the optical
switch close to the glass. The optical switch indicator will be solid red when a single switch is
activated, and will flash red when both switches are activated simultaneously.
measure
Select optical switch
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 63
Using the Display
B.3 Display password
Some of the display functions, such as the off-line menu and resetting totalizers, can be protected by a
password. For information about setting the password, refer to Section 3.15.3.
If a password is required, the word
of the password one at a time by using
digit.
If you encounter the display password screen but do not know the password, wait 60 seconds without
activating the display detectors. The password screen will time out automatically and you will be
returned to the previous screen.
B.4 Abbreviations
The display uses a number of abbreviations. Table B-1 lists the abbreviations used by the display.
Table B-1 Display abbreviations
CODE? appears at the top of the password screen. Enter the digits
Scroll to choose a number and Select to move to the next
Abbreviation Definition
ACK Acknowledge
AVE_D Average density
AVE_T Average temperature
BRD_T Board temperature
CONC Concentration
CONFG Configure (or configuration)
DENS Density
DGAIN Drive gain
DISBL Disable
DRIVE% Drive gain
DSPLY Display
ENABL Enable
EXT_T External temperature
FLDIR Flow direction
FLSWT Flow switch
LPO_A Left pickoff amplitude
LVOLI Volume inventory
LZERO Live zero flow
MAINT Maintenance
MASS Mass flow
MASSI Mass inventory
MFLOW Mass flow
MTR_T Case temperature (T-Series
sensors only)
NET M ED net mass flow rate
NET V ED net volume flow rate
Abbreviation Definition
NETMI ED net mass inventory
NETVI ED net volume inventory
OFFLN Offline
PASSW Password
PWRIN Input voltage
r. Revision
RDENS Density at reference
temperature
RPO_A Right pickoff amplitude
SGU Specific gravity units
SIM Simulated
SPECL Special
STD M Standard mass flow rate
STD V Standard volume flow rate
STDVI Standard volume inventory
TCDENS Temperature-corrected density
TCORI Temperature-corrected
inventory
TCORR Temperature-corrected total
TCVOL Temperature-corrected volume
TEMPR Temperature
TUBEF Raw tube frequency
VFLOW Volume flow
VOL Volume flow
WTAVE Weighted average
XMTR Transmitter
64 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
Appendix C
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
C.1 FOUNDATION fieldbus technology and fieldbus function blocks
This appendix introduces fieldbus systems that are common to all fieldbus devices, including AI, AO,
INT, and PID function blocks. The transducer function blocks present in the Micro Motion LF-Series
transmitter are documented in Appendix D.
C.1.1 Introduction
A fieldbus system is a distributed system composed of field devices and control and monitoring
equipment integrated into the physical environment of a plant or factory. Fieldbus devices work
together to provide I/O and control for automated processes and operations. The Fieldbus Foundation
provides a framework for describing these systems as a collection of physical devices interconnected
by a fieldbus network. One of the ways the physical devices are used is to perform their portion of the
total system operation by implementing one or more function blocks.
Using ProLink II Function BlocksUsing DisplayTroubleshooting
Function blocks
Function blocks within the fieldbus device perform the various functions required for process control.
Because each system is different, the mix and configuration of functions are different. Therefore, the
Fieldbus Foundation has designed a range of function blocks, each addressing a different need.
The Fieldbus Foundation has established the function blocks by defining a small set of parameters
used in all function blocks called universal parameters. They have also published definitions for
transducer blocks commonly used with standard function blocks. Examples include temperature,
pressure, level, and flow transducer blocks.
A block is a tagged logical processing unit. The tag is the name of the block. System management
services locate a block by its tag. Thus the service personnel need only know the tag of the block to
access or change the appropriate block parameters. Function blocks are also capable of performing
short-term data collection and storage for reviewing blocks and their parameters.
C.1.2 Block operation
In addition to function blocks, fieldbus devices contain two other block types to support the function
blocks. These are the resource block and the transducer block. The resource block contains the
hardware specific characteristics associated with a device. Transducer blocks couple the function
blocks to local I/O functions.
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 65
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
C.2 Analog input function block
The analog input (AI) function block processes field device measurements and makes them available
to other function blocks. The output value from the AI block is in engineering units and contains a
status indicating the quality of the measurement. The measuring device may have several
measurements or derived values available in different channels. Use the channel number to define the
variable that the AI block processes.
Figure C-1 Analog input function block
OUT_D
AI
• OUT—The block ouput value and status
• OUT_D—Discrete output that signals a selected alarm condition
OUT
The AI block supports alarming, signal scaling, signal filtering, signal status calculation, mode
control, and simulation. In Automatic mode, the block’s output parameter (OUT) reflects the process
variable (PV) value and status. In Manual mode, OUT may be set manually. The Manual mode is
reflected on the output status. A discrete output (OUT_D) is provided to indicate whether a selected
alarm condition is active. Alarm detection is based on the OUT value and user specified alarm limits.
Table C-1 lists the AI block parameters and their units of measure, descriptions, and index numbers.
AI block timing is illustrated in Figure C-2.
Table C-1 Definitions of analog input function block system parameters
Index
Parameter
ACK_OPTION 23 None Used to set auto acknowledgment of alarms
ALARM_HYS 24 % The amount the alarm value must return
ALARM_SEL 38 None Used to select the process alarm conditions
ALARM_SUM 22 None The summary alarm is used for all process
ALERT_KEY 04 None The identification number of the plant unit.
Number Units Description
within the alarm limit before the associated
active alarm condition clears
that will cause the OUT_D parameter to be
set
alarms in the block. The cause of the alert is
entered in the subcode field. The first alert
to become active will set the Active status in
the Status parameter. As soon as the
Unreported status is cleared by the alert
reporting task, another block alert may be
reported without clearing the Active status,
if the subcode has changed.
This information may be used in the host for
sorting alarms, etc.
66 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
Table C-1 Definitions of analog input function block system parameters continued
Index
Parameter
BLOCK_ALM 21 None The block alarm is used for all configuration,
BLOCK_ERR 06 None This parameter reflects the error status
CHANNEL 15 None The CHANNEL value is used to select the
FIELD_VAL 19 % The value and status from the transducer
GRANT_DENY 12 None Options for controlling access of host
HI_ALM 34 None The HI alarm data, which includes a value
HI_HI_ALM 33 None The HI HI alarm data, which includes a
HI_HI_LIM 26 EU of
HI_HI_PRI 25 None The priority of the HI HI alarm
HI_LIM 28 EU of
HI_PRI 27 None The priority of the HI alarm
IO_OPTS 13 None Allows the selection of I/O options used to
L_TYPE 16 None Linearization type. Determines whether the
LO_ALM 35 None The LO alarm data, which includes a value
Number Units Description
hardware, connection failure or system
problems in the block. The cause of the
alert is entered in the subcode field. The
first alert to become active will set the Active
status in the Status parameter. As soon as
the Unreported status is cleared by the alert
reporting task, another block alert may be
reported without clearing the Active status,
if the subcode has changed.
associated with the hardware or software
components associated with a block. It is a
bit string, so that multiple errors may be
shown.
measurement value. Refer to the
appropriate device manual for information
about the specific channels available in
each device.
You must configure the CHANNEL
parameter before you can configure the
XD_SCALE parameter.
block or from the simulated input when
simulation is enabled
computers and local control panels to
operating, tuning, and alarm parameters of
the block.
Not used by device.
of the alarm, a timestamp of occurrence,
and the state of the alarm
value of the alarm, a timestamp of
occurrence, and the state of the alarm
PV_SCALE
PV_SCALE
The setting for the alarm limit used to detect
the HI HI alarm condition
The setting for the alarm limit used to detect
the HI alarm condition
alter the PV. Low cutoff enabled is the only
selectable option.
field value is used directly (Direct), is
converted linearly (Indirect), or is converted
with the square root (Indirect Square Root).
of the alarm, a timestamp of occurrence,
and the state of the alarm
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LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 67
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
Table C-1 Definitions of analog input function block system parameters continued
Index
Parameter
LO_LIM 30 EU of
LO_LO_ALM 36 None The LO LO alarm data, which includes a
LO_LO_LIM 32 EU of
LO_LO_PRI 31 None The priority of the LO LO alarm
LO_PRI 29 None The priority of the LO alarm
LOW_CUT 17 % If percentage value of transducer input fails
MODE_BLK 05 None The actual, target, permitted, and normal
OUT 08 EU of
OUT_D 37 None Discrete output to indicate a selected alarm
OUT_SCALE 11 None The high and low scale values, engineering
PV 07 EU of
PV_FTIME 18 Seconds The time constant of the first-order PV filter.
SIMULATE 09 None A group of data that contains the current
STRATEGY 03 None The strategy field can be used to identify
ST_REV 01 None The revision level of the static data
TAG_DESC 02 None The user description of the intended
UPDATE_EVT 20 None This alert is generated by any change to the
Number Units Description
The setting for the alarm limit used to detect
PV_SCALE
PV_SCALE
OUT_SCALE
XD_SCALE
the LO alarm condition
value of the alarm, a timestamp of
occurrence, and the state of the alarm
The setting for the alarm limit used to detect
the LO LO alarm condition
below this, PV = 0.
modes of the block.
Target: The mode to “go to”
Actual: The mode the “block is currently in”
Permitted: Allowed modes that target may
take on
Normal: Most common mode for target
The block output value and status
condition
units code, and number of digits to the right
of the decimal point associated with OUT
The process variable used in block
execution
It is the time required for a 63% change in
the IN value.
transducer value and status, the simulated
transducer value and status, and the
enable/disable bit
grouping of blocks. This data is not checked
or processed by the block.
associated with the function block. The
revision value will be incremented each time
a static parameter value in the block is
changed.
application of the block
static data.
68 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
Table C-1 Definitions of analog input function block system parameters continued
Index
Parameter
VAR_INDEX 39 % of OUT Range The average absolute error between the PV
VAR_SCAN 40 Seconds The time over which the VAR_INDEX is
XD_SCALE 10 None The high and low scale values, engineering
Number Units Description
and its previous mean value over that
evaluation time defined by VAR_SCAN
evaluated
units code, and number of digits to the right
of the decimal point associated with the
channel input value.
The XD_SCALE units code must match the
units code of the measurement channel in
the transducer block. If the units do not
match, the block will not transition to MAN
or AUTO.
C.2.1 Simulation
To support testing, you can either change the mode of the block to manual and adjust the output value,
or you can enable simulation through the configuration tool and manually enter a value for the
measurement value and its status. In both cases, you must first set the ENABLE jumper on the field
device.
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Note: All fieldbus instruments have a simulation jumper. As a safety measure, the jumper has to be
reset every time there is a power interruption. This measure is to prevent devices that went through
simulation in the staging process from being installed with simulation enabled.
With simulation enabled, the actual measurement value has no impact on the OUT value or the status.
Figure C-2 Analog input function block timing
OUT (mode in man)
OUT (mode in auto)
PV
63% of change
FIELD_VAL
Time (seconds)
PV_FTIME
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 69
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
C.2.2 Filtering
The filtering feature changes the response time of the device to smooth variations in output readings
caused by rapid changes in input. You can adjust the filter time constant (in seconds) using the
PV_FTIME parameter. Set the filter time constant to zero to disable the filter feature.
C.2.3 Signal conversion
You can set the signal conversion type with the Linearization Type (L_TYPE) parameter. You can
view the converted signal (in percent of XD_SCALE) through the FIELD_VAL parameter.
FIELDVAL
100 ChannelValue EU∗@0%–()×
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------=
EU∗@100% EU@0%–
*XD_SCALE values
You can choose from direct, indirect, or indirect square root signal conversion with the
L_TYPE parameter.
Direct
Direct signal conversion allows the signal to pass through the accessed channel input value (or the
simulated value when simulation is enabled).
Indirect
Indirect signal conversion converts the signal linearly to the accessed channel input value (or the
simulated value when simulation is enabled) from its specified range (XD_SCALE) to the range and
units of the PV and OUT parameters (OUT_SCALE).
FIELD_VAL
-----------------------------------
PV
100
EU**@100% EU**@0%–()EU **@0+× %=
**OUT_SCALE values
Indirect square root
Indirect square root signal conversion takes the square root of the value computed with the indirect
signal conversion and scales it to the range and units of the PV and OUT parameters.
PV
FIELD_VAL
----------------------------------- EU**@100% EU**@ 0 %–()EU**@0%+×=
100
**OUT_SCALE values
When the converted input value is below the limit specified by the LOW_CUT parameter, and the low
cutoff I/O option (IO_OPTS) is enabled (True), a value of zero is used for the converted value (PV).
This option is useful to eliminate false readings when the differential pressure measurement is close to
zero, and it may also be useful with zero-based measurement devices such as flowmeters.
Note: Low cutoff is the only I/O option supported by the AI block. You can set the I/O option in
manual or out of service mode only.
70 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
C.2.4 Block errors
Table C-2 lists conditions reported in the BLOCK_ERR parameter. Conditions in italics are inactive
for the AI block and are given here only for your reference.
Table C-2 BLOCK_ERR conditions
Condition
Number Condition Name and Description
0 Other
1 Block Configuration Error: The selected channel carries a measurement that is incompatible
with the engineering units selected in XD_SCALE, the L_TYPE parameter is not configured,
or CHANNEL = zero.
2 Link Configuration Error
3 Simulate Active: Simulation is enabled and the block is using a simulated value in its
execution.
4 Local Override
5 Device Fault State Set
6 Device Needs Maintenance Soon
7 Input Failure/Process Variable has Bad Status: The hardware is bad, or a bad status is being
simulated.
8 Output Failure: The output is bad based primarily upon a bad input.
9 Memory Failure
10 Lost Static Data
11 Lost NV Data
12 Readback Check Failed
13 Device Needs Maintenance Now
14 Power Up
15 Out of Service: The actual mode is out of service.
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C.2.5 Modes
The AI function Block Supports three modes of operation as defined by the MODE_BLK parameter:
• Manual (Man)—The block output (OUT) may be set manually.
• Automatic (Auto)—OUT reflects the analog input measurement or the simulated value when
simulation is enabled.
• Out of Service (O/S)—The block is not processed. FIELD_VAL and PV are not updated and
the OUT status is set to Bad: Out of Service. The BLOCK_ERR parameter shows Out of
Service. In this mode, you can make changes to all configured parameters.The target mode of
a block may be restricted to one or more of the supported modes.
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 71
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
C.2.6 Alarm detection
A block alarm will be generated whenever the BLOCK_ERR has an error bit set. The types of block
error for the AI block are defined in Table C-2.
Process alarm detection is based on the OUT value. You can configure the alarm limits of the
following standard alarms:
• High (HI_LIM)
• High high (HI_HI_LIM)
•Low (LO_LIM)
• Low low (LO_LO_LIM)
In order to avoid alarm chattering when the variable is oscillating around the alarm limit, an alarm
hysteresis in percent of the PV span can be set using the ALARM_HYS parameter. The priority of
each alarm is set in the following parameters:
•HI_PRI
•HI_HI_PRI
•LO_PRI
•LO_LO_PRI
Table C-3 shows the five alarm priority levels.
Table C-3 Alarm priority levels
Priority
Number Priority Description
0 The priority of an alarm condition changes to 0 after the condition that caused the alarm
1 An alarm condition with a priority of 1 is recognized by the system, but is not reported to
2 An alarm condition with a priority of 2 is reported to the operator, but does not require operator
3–7 Alarm conditions of priority 3 to 7 are advisory alarms of increasing priority.
8–15 Alarm conditions of priority 8 to 15 are critical alarms of increasing priority.
is corrected.
the operator.
attention. Examples include diagnostics and system alerts.
C.2.7 Status handling
Normally, the status of the PV reflects the status of the measurement value, the operating condition of
the I/O card, and any active alarm condition. In Auto mode, OUT reflects the value and status quality
of the PV. In Man mode, the OUT status constant limit is set to indicate that the value is a constant
and the OUT status is Good.
The Uncertain—EU range violation status is always set, and the PV status is set high- or low-limited
if the sensor limits for conversion are exceeded.
72 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
In the STATUS_OPTS parameter, you can select from the following options to control the status
handling:
• BAD if Limited—Sets the OUT status quality of Bad when the value is higher or lower than
the sensor limits
• Uncertain if Limited—Sets the OUT status quality to Uncertain when the value is higher or
lower than the sensor limits
• Uncertain if in Manual mode—The status of the Output is set to Uncertain when the mode is
set to Manual
Note: The instrument must be in Manual or Out of Service mode to set the status option.
Note: The AI block supports only the BAD if Limited option. Unsupported options are not grayed out;
they appear on the screen in the same manner as supported options.
C.2.8 Advanced features
The AI function block provided with Fisher-Rosemount fieldbus devices provides added capability
through the addition of the following parameters:
• ALARM_TYPE—Allows one or more of the process alarm conditions detected by the AI
function block to be used in setting its OUT_D parameter.
• OUT_D—Discrete output of the AI function block based on the detection of process alarm
condition(s). This parameter may be linked to other function blocks that require a discrete
input based on the detected alarm condition.
• VA R _ S C A N —Time period in seconds over which the variability index (VAR_INDEX) is
computed.
• VAR_INDEX—Process variability index measured as the integral of average absolute error
between PV and its mean value over the previous evaluation period. This index is calculated as
a percent of OUT span and is updated at the end of the time period defined by VAR_SCAN.
C.2.9 Troubleshooting
Refer to Table C-4 to troubleshoot any problems that you encounter with the AI function block.
Table C-4 Troubleshooting the AI function block
Possible
Symptom
Mode will not leave OOS Target mode not
Causes Corrective Action
Set target mode to something other than OOS.
set
Configuration
error
Resource Block The actual mode of the Resource block is OOS.
Schedule Block is not scheduled and therefore cannot execute to go
BLOCK_ERR will show the configuration error bit set. The
following are parameters that must be set before the block is
allowed out of OOS:
• CHANNEL must be set to a valid value and cannot be left
at initial value of 0.
• XD_SCALE.UNITS_INDX must match the units in the
transducer block channel value.
• L_TYPE must be set to Direct, Indirect, or Indirect Square
Root and cannot be left at initial value of 0.
to Target Mode. Schedule the block to execute.
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LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 73
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
Table C-4 Troubleshooting the AI function block
Possible
Symptom
Process and/or block alarms
will not work
Cannot set HI_LIMIT,
HI_HI_LIMIT, LO_LIMIT,
LO_LO_LIMIT Values
Causes Corrective Action
Features FEATURES_SEL does not have Alerts enabled. Enable the
Notification LIM_NOTIFY is not high enough. Set equal to
Status Options STATUS_OPTS has Propagate Fault Forward bit set. This
Scaling Limit values are outside the OUT_SCALE.EUO and
C.3 Analog output function block
The analog Output (AO) function block assigns an output value to a field device through a specified
I/O channel. The block supports mode control, signal status calculation, and simulation.
Figure C-3 Analog output function block
Alerts bit.
MAX_NOTIFY.
should be cleared to cause an alarm to occur.
OUT_SCALE.EU100 values. Change OUT_SCALE or set
values within range.
CAS_IN
AO
• CAS_IN—The remote setpoint value from another function block
• BKCAL_OUT—The value and status required by the BKCAL_IN input of another block to
prevent reset windup and to provide bumpless transfer to closed loop control
• OUT—The block output and status
BKCAL_OUT
OUT
Table C-5 lists the definitions of the system parameters. AO block timing is illustrated in Figure C-3.
Table C-5 Analog output function block system parameters
Parameters Units Description
BKCAL_OUT EU of
PV_SCALE
BLOCK_ERR None The summary of active error conditions associated with the block.
CAS_IN EU of
PV_SCALE
IO_OPTS None Allows you to select how the I/O signals are processed. The
CHANNEL None Defines the output that drives the field device
The value and status required by the BKCAL_IN input of another
block to prevent reset windup and to provide bumpless transfer to
closed loop control
The block errors for the AO block are Simulate Active, Input
Failure/Process Variable has Bad Status, Output Failure, Read
back Failed, and Out of Service.
The remote setpoint value from another function block
supported I/O options for the AO function block are SP_PV Track in
Man, Increase to Close, and Use PV for BKCAL_OUT.
74 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
Table C-5 Analog output function block system parameters continued
Parameters Units Description
MODE None Enumerated attribute used to request and show the source of the
OUT EU of
XD_SCALE
PV EU of
PV_SCALE
PV_SCALE None The high and low scale values, the engineering units code, and the
READBACK EU of
XD_SCALE
SIMULATE EU of
XD_SCALE
SP EU of
PV_SCALE
SP_HI_LIM EU of
PV_SCALE
SP_LO_LIM EU of
PV_SCALE
SP_RATE_DN EU of
PV_SCALE per
second
SP_RATE_UP EU of
PV_SCALE per
second
SP_WRK EU of
PV_SCALE
setpoint and/or output used by the block
The primary value and status calculated by the block in Auto mode.
OUT may be set manually in Man mode
The process variable used in block execution. This value is
converted from READBACK to show the actuator position in the
same units as the setpoint value.
number of digits to the right of the decimal point associated with the
PV
The measured or implied actuator position associated with the
OUT value
Enables simulation and allows you to enter an input value and
status.
The target block output value (setpoint)
The highest setpoint value allowed
The lowest setpoint value allowed
Ramp rate for downward setpoint changes. When the ramp rate is
set to 0, the setpoint is used immediately.
Ramp rate for upward setpoint changes. When the ramp rate is set
to zero, the setpoint is used immediately.
The working setpoint of the block. It is the result of setpoint
rate-of-change limiting. The value is converted to percent to obtain
the block’s OUT value.
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C.3.1 Setting the output
To set the output for the AO block, you must first set the mode to define the manner in which the
block determines its setpoint. In Manual mode the value of the output attribute (OUT) must be set
manually by the user, and is independent of the setpoint. In Automatic mode, OUT is set
automatically based on the value specified by the setpoint (SP) in engineering units and the I/O
options attribute (IO_OPTS). In addition, you can limit the SP value and the rate at which a change in
the SP is passed to OUT.
In Cascade mode, the cascade input connection (CAS_IN) is used to update the SP. The back
calculation output (BKCAL_OUT) is wired to the back calculation input (BKCAL_IN) of the
upstream block that provides CAS_IN. This provides bumpless transfer on mode changes and windup
protection in the upstream block. The OUT attribute or an analog readback value, such as valve
position, is shown by the process value (PV) attribute in engineering units.
To support testing, you can enable simulation, which allows you to manually set the channel
feedback. There is no alarm detection in the AO function block.
To select the manner of processing the SP and the channel output value, configure the setpoint
limiting options, the tracking options, and the conversion and status calculations.
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 75
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
Figure C-4 Analog output function block timing
OUT (Mode in CAS)
OUT (Mode in AUTO)
OUT (Mode in MAN)
SP
1 Second
SP_RATE_U
1 Second
SP_RATE_D
Time
C.3.2 Setpoint selection and limiting
To select the source of the SP value use the MODE attribute. In Auto mode, the local,
manually-entered SP is used. In Cascade (Cas) mode, the SP comes from another block through the
CAS_IN input connector. In Remote Cascade (RCas) mode, the SP comes from a host computer that
writes to RCAS_IN. The range and units of the SP are defined by the PV_SCALE attribute.
In Man mode the SP automatically tracks the PV value when you select the SP_PV Track in Man
I/O option. The SP value is set equal to the PV value when the block is in manual mode, and is
enabled (True) as a default. You can disable this option in Man or O/S mode only.
The SP value is limited to the range defined by the setpoint high limit attribute (SP_HI_LIM) and the
setpoint low limit attribute (SP_LO_LIM)
In Auto mode, the rate at which a change in the SP is passed to OUT is limited by the values of the
setpoint upward rate limit attribute (SP_RATE_UP) and the setpoint downward rate limit attribute
(SP_RATE_DN). A limit of zero prevents rate limiting, even in Auto mode.
C.3.3 Conversion and status calculation
The working setpoint (SP_WRK) is the setpoint value after limiting. You can choose to reverse the
conversion range, which will reverse the range of PV_SCALE to calculate the OUT attribute, by
selecting the Increase to Close I/O option. This will invert the OUT value with respect to the setpoint
based on the PV_SCALE and XD_SCALE.
In Auto mode, the converted SP value is stored in the OUT attribute. In Man mode, the OUT attribute
is set manually, and is used to set the analog output defined by the CHANNEL parameter.
You can access the actuator position associated with the output channel through the READBACK
parameter (in OUT units) and in the PV attribute (in engineering units). If the actuator does not
support position feedback, the PV and READBACK values are based on the OUT attribute.
The working setpoint (SP_WRK) is the value normally used for the BKCAL_OUT attribute.
However, for those cases where the READBACK signal directly (linearly) reflects the OUT channel,
you can choose to allow the PV to be used for BKCAL_OUT by selecting the Use PV for
BKCAL_OUT I/O option.
Note: SP_PV Track in Man, Increase to Close, and Use PV for BKCAL_OUT are the only I/O options
that the AO block supports. You can set I/O options in Manual or Out of service mode only.
76 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
C.3.4 Simulation
When simulation is enabled, the last value of OUT is maintained and reflected in the field value of the
SIMULATE attribute. In this case, the PV and READBACK values and statuses are based on the
SIMULATE value and the status that you enter.
C.3.5 Action on fault detection
To define the state to which you wish the valve to enter when the CAS_IN input detects a bad status
and the block is in CAS mode, configure the following parameters:
• FSTATE_TIME: The length of time that the AO block will wait to position the OUT value to
the FSTATE_VAL value upon the detection of a fault condition. When the block has a target
mode of CAS, a fault condition will be detected if the CAS_IN has a BAD status or an Initiate
Fault State substatus is received from the upstream block.
• FSTATE_VAL: The value to which the OUT value transitions after FSTATE_TIME elapses
and the fault condition has not cleared. You can configure the channel to hold the value at the
start of the failure action condition or to go to the failure action value (FAIL_ACTION_VAL).
C.3.6 Block errors
The following conditions are reported in the BLOCK_ERR attribute:
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• Input failure/process variable has Bad status—The hardware is bad, the Device Signal Tag
(DST) does not exist, or a BAD status is being simulated.
• O/S—The block is in Out of Service mode.
• Output failure—The output hardware is bad.
• Readback failed—The readback failed
• Simulate active—Simulation is enabled and the block is using a simulated value in its
execution.
C.3.7 Modes
The analog output function block supports the following modes:
• Man—You can manually set the output to the I/O channel through the OUT attribute. This
mode is used primarily for maintenance and troubleshooting.
• Auto—The block output (OUT) reflects the target operating pint specified by the setpoint (SP)
attribute.
• Cas—The SP attribute is set by another function block through a connection to CAS_IN. The
SP value is used to set the OUT attribute automatically.
• RCas—The SP is set by a host computer by writing to the RCAS_IN parameter. The SP value
is used to set the OUT attribute automatically.
• O/S—The block is not processed. The output channel is maintained at the last value and the
status of OUT is set to Bad: Out of Service. The BLOCK_ERR attribute shows Out of
Service.
• Initialization Manual (Iman)—The path to the output hardware is broken and the output will
remain at the last position.
• Local Override (LO)—The output of the block is not responding to OUT because the
resource block has been placed into LO mode or fault state action is active.
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 77
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
The target mode of the block may be restricted to one or more of the following modes: Man, Auto,
Cas, RCas, or O/S.
C.3.8 Status handling
Output or readback fault detection are reflected in the status of PV, OUT, and BKCAL_OUT. A
limited SP condition is reflected in the BKCAL_OUT status. When simulation is enabled through the
SIMULATE attribute, you can set the value and status for PV and READBACK.
When the block is in Cas mode and the CAS_IN input goes bad, the block sheds mode to the next
permitted mode.
C.4 Integrator function block
The
INT function block integrates one or two variables over time. The block compares the integrated
or accumulated value to pre-trip and trip limits and generates discrete output signals when the limits
are reached.
Figure C-5 Integrator function block
IN_1
IN_2
REV_FLOW1
REV_FLOW2
RESET_IN
• IN_1—The first input value and status
• IN_2—The second input value and status
• REV_FLOW1—The discrete input that specifies whether IN_1 is positive or negative
• REV_FLOW2—The discrete input that specifies whether IN_2 is positive or negative
• RESET_IN—The discrete input that resets the integrator and holds reset until released
• OUT—The integration output value and status.
• OUT_PTRIP—A discrete value that is set when the trip target value (setpoint) is reached
• N_RESET—The number of times the integrator function block is initialized or rest
The
INT function block supports mode control, demand reset, a reset counter, and signal status
INT
OUT
OUT_PTRIP
OUT_TRIP
N_RESET
calculation. There is no process alarm detection in the block. Table C-6 lists the system parameters.
Table C-6 Integrator function block system parameters
Index Parameter Definition
1 ST_REV The revision level of the static data associated with the function block
2 TAG_DESC The user description of the intended application of the block
3 STRATEGY The strategy field can be used to identify grouping of the block.
4 ALERT_KEY The identification number of the plant unit. This information may be
used in the host for sorting alarms.
5 MODE_BLK The actual, target, permitted, and normal modes of the block
6 BLOCK_ERR The summary of active error conditions associated with the block. The
block error for the Integrator function block is Out of service.
78 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
Table C-6 Integrator function block system parameters continued
Index Parameter Definition
7 TOTAL_SP The set point for a batch totalization
8 OUT The block output value and status
9 OUT_RANGE The high and low scale values, engineering units code, and number of
digits to the right of the decimal point associated with OUT
10 GRAND_DENY Options for controlling access of host computers and local control
panels to operating, tuning, and alarm parameters of the block (not
used by the device).
11 STATUS_OPTS Allows you to select option for status handling and processing. The
supported status option for the Integrator block is: “Uncertain if Manual
mode.”
12 IN_1 The block input value and status
13 IN_2 The block input value and status
14 OUT_TRIP The first discrete output
15 OUT_PTRIP The second discrete output
16 TIME_UNIT1 Converts the rate time, units in seconds
17 TIME_UNIT2 Converts the rate time, units in seconds
18 UNIT_CONV Factor to convert the engineering units of IN_2 into the engineering
units of IN_1.
19 PULSE_VAL1 Determines the mass, volume or energy per pulse
20 PULSE_VAL2 Determines the mass, volume or energy per pulse
21 REV_FLOW1 Indicates reverse flow when “true;”
0- Forward, 1- Reverse
22 REV_FLOW2 Indicates reverse flow when “true;”
0- Forward, 1- Reverse
23 RESET_IN Resets the totalizers
24 STOTAL Indicates the snapshot of OUT just before a reset
25 RTOTAL Indicates the totalization of “bad” or “bad” and “uncertain” inputs,
according to INTEG_OPTIONS
26 SRTOTAL The snapshot of RTOTAL just before a reset
27 SSP The snapshot of TOTAL_SP
28 INTEG_TYPE Defines the type of counting (up or down and the type of resetting
(demand or periodic)
29 INTEG_OPTIONS A bit string to configure the type of input (rate or accumulative) used in
each input, the flow direction to be considered in the totalization, the
status to be considered in TOTAL and if the totalization residue should
be used in the next batch (only when INTEG_TYPE = UP_AUTO or
DN_AUTO).
30 CLOCK_PER Establishes the period for periodic reset, in hours
31 PRE_TRIP Adjusts the amount of mass, volume or energy that should set
OUT_PTRIP when the integration reaches (TOTAL_SP-PRE_TRIP)
when counting up or PRE_TRIP when counting down.
32 N_RESET Counts the number of resets. It cannot be written or reset.
33 PCT_INC Indicates the percentage of inputs with “good” status compared to the
ones with “bad” or “uncertain” and “bad” status
34 GOOD_LIMIT Sets the limit for PCT_INC. Below this limit OUT receives the status
“good”
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LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 79
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
Table C-6 Integrator function block system parameters continued
Index Parameter Definition
35 UNCERTAIN_LIMIT Sets the limit for PCT_INC. Below this limit OUT receives the status
36 OP_CMD_INT Resets the totalizer
37 OUTAGE_LIMIT The maximum tolerated duration for power failure
38 RESET_CONFIRM Momentary discrete value that can be written by a host to enable
39 UPDATE_EVT This alert is generated by any changes to the static data.
40 BLOCK_ALM Used for all configuration, hardware, connection failure, or system
“uncertain”
further resets, if the option “Confirm reset” in INTEG_OPTIONS is
chosen.
problems in the block. The cause of the alert is entered in the subcode
field. The first alert to become active will set the active status in the
status parameter. As soon as the unreported status is cleared by the
alert reporting task other block alerts may be reported without clearing
the Active status, if the subcode has changed.
C.4.1 Block execution
The
INT function block integrates a variable over time. The integrated or accumulated value (OUT) is
compared to pre-trip and trip limits. When the limits are reached, discrete output signals are generated
(OUT_PTRIP and OUT_TRIP). You can choose one of six integrator types that determine whether
the integrated value increases from zero or decreases from the trip value. The block has two inputs
and can integrate positive, negative, or net flow. This capability is useful to calculate volume or mass
variation in vessels, or as an optimization tool for flow ratio control.
The transfer equation used in the Integrator function block is:
∆t
-----
Current_Ingetral
Where
• ∆t: the elapsed time since the previous cycle (in seconds)
• x: the converten IN_1 value (based on the options you configure)
• y: the converten IN_2 value (based on the options you configure), or zero if you select not to use a second
input
2
xyOUTt1–[]++()×=
You can choose integration type options that define the integrate up, integrate down, and reset
characteristics of the block. When you select the SP to 0 - auto reset or SP to 0 - demand reset
integration type option:
Integral = Integral + Current Integral
OUT = SP – Integral
For all other integration types:
OUT = Integral
Figure C-6 illustrates the relationship between the SP, PRE_TRIP, OUT_PTRIP, OUT_TRIP, and
RESET_IN parameters in the
To specify the execution of the
INT function block.
INT block, configure input flow and rate time variables, integration
type and carryover options, and trip and pre-trip action.
80 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
Figure C-6 Integrator function block timing
IN_1
SP
PRE_TRIP
OUT_PTRIP
(or = scan rate if
OUT_TRIP
scan rate > 5 seconds
5 seconds
RESET_IN
Time
C.4.2 Specifying rate tIme base
The time unit parameters (TIME_UNIT1 and TIME_UNIT2) specify the rate time base of the inputs
(IN_1 and IN_2, respectively). The block uses the following equations to compute the integration
increment:
IN_1
---------------------------------------=
TIME_UNIT1
Where
• x: the converted IN_1 value (based on the options you configure)
• y: the converted IN_2 value (based on the options you configure), or zero if you select not to use a second input
• OUT[t-1]: the value of OUT from the previous cycle
y
IN_2
---------------------------------------=x
TIME_UNIT2
The block supports the following options for TIME_UNIT1 and TIME_UNIT2:
• For seconds, TIME_UNIT = 1
• For minutes, TIME_UNIT = 60
• For hours, TIME_UNIT = 3600
• For days, TIME_UNIT = 86400
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C.4.3 Setting reverse flow at the inputs
Reverse flow is determined by either the sign of the value at IN_1 or IN_2, or the discrete inputs
REV_FLOW1 and REV_FLOW_2. When the REV_FLOW input is True, the block interprets the
associated IN value as negative.
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 81
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
C.4.4 Calculating net flow
Net flow is calculated by adding the increments calculated for each IN. When ENABLE_IN2 is False,
the increment value for IN_2 is considered zero. When ENABLE_IN2 is True, the value of IN_2 is
used in the calculation.
To determine the net flow direction that is to be included in the integration, configure the Flow
Forward and Flow Reverse integration options attribute (INTEG_OPTS). When Flow Forward is
True, positive increments are included. When Flow Reverse is True, negative increments are
included. When both Flow Forward and Flow Reverse are True, positive and negative increments are
included.
C.4.5 Integration types
The integration type attribute (INTEG_TYPE) defines the integrate up, integrate down, and reset
characteristics of the block. Choose from the following options:
• 0 to SP - auto reset as ST—Integrates from zero to the setpoint (SP) and automatically resets
when the SP is reached
• 0 to SP - demand reset—Integrates from zero to the SP and resets when RESET_IN or the
operator command to reset the integrator (OP_CMT_INT) transitions to True (1)
• SP to 0 - auto reset at SP—Integrates from the SP to zero and automatically resets when zero
is reached
• SP to 0 - demand reset—Integrates from the SP to zero and resets when RESET_IN or
OP_CMD_INT transitions to True
• 0 to ? - periodic reset—Counts upward and resets periodically. The period is set by the
CLOCK_PER attribute.
• 0 to ? - demand reset—Counts upward and is reset when RESET_IN or OP_CMD_INT
transitions to True
• 0 to ? - periodic & demand reset—Counts upward and is reset periodically or by RESET_IN
Trip and pre-trip action
When the integration value reaches SP - PRE_TRIP (or 0 - PRE_TRIP, depending on the
INTEG_TYPE), OUT_PTRIP is set. When the integration value reaches the trip target value (SP or
0), OUT_TRIP is set. OUT_PTRIP remains set until SP or 0 is reached.
Integration carryover
When the 0 to SP - auto reset at SP or the SP to 0 - auto reset at SP integration type is set, you can
enable the Carry integration option to carry the excess past the trip point into the next integration
cycle as the initial value of the integrator.
C.4.6 Modes
The integrator function block supports the following modes:
• Man—The integration calculations are not performed. OUT, OUT_TRIP, and OUT_PTRIP
may be set manually.
• Auto—The integration algorithm is performed and the result is written to OUT. Reset actions
depend on the integration type attribute (INTEG_TYPE) and the inputs.
• O/S—The block does not execute. OUT status is set to Bad: Out of Service. The
BLOCK_ERR attribute show Out of service.
82 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
The integrator initializes with the value in OUT when the mode changes from Man to Auto. The
Man, Auto, and O/S modes may be configured as permitted modes for operator entry.
C.4.7 Status handling
The output status calculation is based on the accumulation of input statuses. The calculation includes
the accumulations for both input channels when IN_2 is enabled.
The input statuses are accumulated in Good and Bad groups. An input status of Uncertain is
interpreted as a Bad status for the output status calculation. Each time the function block executes, the
input status is incremented in the appropriate group. The input status accumulation is reset when the
integrator is reset.
The output status is determined with the following logic:
• When less than 25% of the input status accumulation is Good, OUT status is set to Bad.
• When 25% to less than 50% of the input status accumulation is Good, OUT status is set
to Uncertain.
• When 50% or more of the input status accumulation is Good, OUT status is set to Good.
Figure C-7 illustrates output status designations.
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Figure C-7 Integrator function block output status determination
OUT
Status
Good
Uncertain
Bad
0
25%
50%
75%
100%
Note: Default values and data type information for the parameters are available by expanding the
Attribute View window.
C.5 Proportional/integral/derivative function block
The PID function block combines all of the necessary logic to perform proportional/integral/derivative
(PID) control. The block supports mode control, signal scaling and limiting, feedforward control,
override tracking, alarm limit detection, and signal status propagation.
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 83
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
Figure C-8 Proportional/integral/derivative function block
BKCAL_IN
BKCAL_OUT
CAS_IN
FF_VAL
IN
PID
OUT
TRK_IN_D
TRK_VAL
• BKCAL_IN—The analog input value and status
from another block’s BKCAL_OUT–Output that is
used for backward output tracking for bumpless
transfer and to pass limit status
• CAS_IN—The remote setpoint value from another
function block
• FF_VAL—The feedforward control input value and
status
• TRK_IN_D—Initiates the external tracking function
• TRK_VAL—The value after scaling applied to OUT in
Local Override mode
• BKCAL_OUT—The value and status required by the
BKCAL_IN input of another function block to prevent
reset windup and to provide bumpless transfer to
closed loop control
• OUT—The block output and status
• IN—The connection for the process variable from
another function block
The block supports two forms of the PID equation: Standard and Series. You can choose the
appropriate equation using the FORM parameter. The Standard ISA PIK equation is the default
selection.
τ
StandardOut GA I N e× 1
1
-----------------
s1+
τ
r
d
----------------------------++
ατ
d
s
s× 1×
F+×=
τ
s1+
d
----------------------------
+ F+×=
s1+×
ατ
d
Where
SeriesOut GAIN e× 1
1
-------+
τ
s
r
• Gain: proportional gain value
: integral action time constant (RATE parameter) in seconds
• τ
r
• s: laplace operator
: derivative action time constant (RATE parameter)
• τ
d
• α: fixed smoothing factor of 0.1 applied to RATE
• F: feedforward control contribution from the feedforward input (FF_VAL parameter)
• e: error between setpoint and process variable
To further customize the block for use in your application, you can configure filtering, feedforward
inputs, tracking inputs, setpoint and output limiting, PID equation structures, and block output action.
Table C-7 lists the PID block parameters and their descriptions, units of measure, and index numbers.
84 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
Table C-7 PID function block system parameters
Index
Parameter
ACK_OPTION 46 None Used to set auto acknowledgment of alarms
ALARM_HYS 47 % The amount the alarm value must return to within the alarm
ALARM_SUM 45 None The summary alarm is used for all process alarms in the
ALERT_KEY 04 None The identification number of the plant unit. This information
ALG_TYPE 74 None Selects filtering algorithm as Backward or Bilinear
BAL_TIME 25 Seconds The specified time for the internal working value of bias to
BIAS 66 EU of
BKCAL_HYS 30 % The amount that the output value must change away from its
BKCAL_IN 27 EU of
BKCAL_OUT 31 EU of
BLOCK_ALM 44 None The block alarm is used for all configuration, hardware,
BLOCK_ERR 06 None This parameter reflects the error status associated with the
BYPASS 17 None Used to override the calculation of the block. When enabled,
CAS_IN 18 EU of
CONTROL_OPTS 13 None Allows you to specify control strategy options. The supported
DV_HI_ALM 64 None The DV HI alarm data, which includes a value of the alarm, a
DV_HI_LIM 57 EU of
Number Units Description
limit before the associated active alarm condition clears
block. The cause of the alert is entered in the subcode field.
The first alert to become active will set the Active status in the
Status parameter. As soon as the Unreported status is
cleared by the alert reporting task, another block alert may be
reported without clearing the Active status, if the subcode has
changed.
may be used in the host for sorting alarms, etc.
return to the operator-set bias. Also used to specify the time
constant at which the integral term will move to obtain balance
when the output is limited and the mode is AUTO, CAS, or
RCAS.
The bias value used to calculate output for a PD type
OUT_SCALE
OUT_SCALE
PV_SCALE
PV_SCALE
PV_SCALE
controller
output limit before limit status is turned off, expressed as a
percent of the span of the output
The analog input value and status from another block’s
BKCAL_OUT output that is used for backward output tracking
for bumpless transfer and to pass limit status
The value and status required by the BKCAL_IN input of
another block to prevent reset windup and to provide
bumpless transfer of closed loop control
connection failure, or system problems in the block. The
cause of the alert is entered in the subcode field. The first
alert to become active will set the active status in the status
parameter. As soon as the Unreported status is cleared by the
alert reporting task, another block alert may be reported
without clearing the Active status, if the subcode has
changed.
hardware or software components associated with a block. It
is a bit string so that multiple errors may be shown.
the SP is sent directly to the output.
The remote setpoint value from another block
control options for the PID block are Track enable, Track in
Manual, SP-PV Track in Man, SP-PV Track in LO or IMAN.
Use PV for BKCAL_OUT and Direct Acting.
timestamp of occurrence, and the state of the alarm
The setting for the alarm limit used to detect the deviation high
alarm condition
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LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 85
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
Table C-7 PID function block system parameters continued
Index
Parameter
DV_HI_PRI 56 None The priority of the deviation high alarm
DV_LO_ALM 65 None The DV LO alarm data, which includes a value of the alarm, a
DV_LO_LIM 59 EU of
DV_LO_PRI 58 None The priority of the deviation low alarm
ERROR 67 EU of
FF_ENABLE 70 None Enables the use of feedforward calculations
FF_GAIN 42 None The feedforward gain value. FF_VAL is multiplied by FF_GAIN
FF_SCALE 41 None The high and low scale values, engineering units code, and
FF_VAL 40 EU of
GAIN 23 None The proportional gain value. This value cannot = 0.
GRANT_DENY 12 None Options for controlling access of host computers and local
HI_ALM 61 None The HI alarm data, which includes a value of the alarm, a
HI_HI_ALM 60 None The HI HI alarm data, which includes a value of the alarm, a
HI_HI_LIM 49 EU of
HI_HI_PRI 48 None The priority of the HI HI alarm
HI_LIM 51 EU of
HI_PRI 50 None The priority of the HI alarm
IN 15 EU of
LO_ALM 62 None The LO alarm data, which includes a value of the alarm, a
LO_LIM 53 EU of
LO_LO_ALM 63 None The LO LO alarm data, which includes a value of the alarm, a
LO_LO_LIM 55 EU of
LO_LO_PRI 54 None The priority of the LO LO alarm
LO_PRI 52 None The priority of the LO alarm
MATH_FORM 73 None Selects equation form (series or standard)
MODE_BLK 05 None The actual, target, permitted, and normal modes of the block
Number Units Description
timestamp of occurrence, and the state of the alarm
The setting for the alarm limit used to detect the deviation low
PV_SCALE
PV_SCALE
FF_SCALE
PV_SCALE
PV_SCALE
PV_SCALE
PV_SCALE
PV_SCALE
alarm condition
The error (SP-PV) used to determine the control action
before it is added to the calculated control output.
number of digits to the right of the decimal point associated
with the feedforward value (FF_VAL)
The feedforward control input value and status
control panels to operating, tuning, and alarm parameters of
the block. Not used by the device.
timestamp of occurrence, and the state of the alarm
timestamp of occurrence, and the state of the alarm
The setting for the alarm limit used to detect the HI HI alarm
condition
The setting for the alarm limit used to detect the HI alarm
condition
The connection for the PV input from another block
timestamp of occurrence, and the state of the alarm
The setting for the alarm limit used to detect the LO alarm
condition
timestamp of occurrence, and the state of the alarm
The setting for the alarm limit used to detect the LO LO alarm
condition
Target: The mode to “go to”
Actual: The mode the “block is currently in”
Permitted: Allowed modes that target may take on
Normal: Most common mode for target
86 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
Table C-7 PID function block system parameters continued
Index
Parameter
OUT 09 EU of
OUT_HI_LIM 28 EU of
OUT_LO_LIM 29 EU of
OUT_SCALE 11 None The high and low scale values, engineering units code, and
PV 07 EU of
PV_FTIME 16 Seconds The time constant of the first-order PV filter. It is the time
PV_SCALE 10 None The high and low scale values, engineering units code, and
RATE 26 Seconds The derivative action time constant
RCAS_IN 32 EU of
RCAS_OUT 35 EU of
RESET 24 Seconds per
ROUT_IN 33 EU of
ROUT_OUT 36 EU of
SHED_OPT 34 None Defines action to be taken on remote control device timeout
SP 08 EU of
SP_FTIME 69 Seconds The time constant of the first-order SP filter. It is the time
SP_HI_LIM 21 EU of
SP_LO_LIM 22 EU of
SP_RATE_DN 19 EU of
SP_RATE_UP 20 EU of
SP_WORK 68 EU of
STATUS_OPTS 14 None Allows you to select options for status handling and
Number Units Description
The block input value and status
OUT_SCALE
The maximum output value allowed
OUT_SCALE
The minimum output value allowed
OUT_SCALE
number of digits to the right of the decimal point associated
with OUT
PV_SCALE
PV_SCALE
PV_SCALE
repeat
OUT_SCALE
OUT_SCALE
PV_SCALE
PV_SCALE
PV_SCALE
PV_SCALE per
second
PV_SCALE
PV_SCALE
The process variable used in block execution
required for a 63 percent change in the IN value.
number of digits to the right of the decimal point associated
with PV
Target setpoint and status that is provided by a supervisory
host. Used when mode is RCAS.
Block setpoint and status after ramping, filtering, and limiting
that is provided to a supervisory host for back calculation to
allow action to be taken under limiting conditions or mode
change. Used when mode is RCAS.
The integral action time constant
Target output and status that is provided by a supervisory
host. Used when mode is ROUT.
Block output that is provided to a supervisory host for a back
calculation to allow action to be taken under limiting
conditions or mode change. Used when mode is RCAS.
The target block setpoint value. It is the result of setpoint
limiting and setpoint rate of change limiting.
required for a 63 percent change in the IN value.
The highest SP value allowed
The lowest SP value allowed
Ramp rate for downward SP changes. When the ramp rate is
set to zero, the SP is used immediately.
Ramp rate for upward SP changes. When the ramp rate is set
to zero, the SP is used immediately.
The working setpoint of the block after limiting and filtering is
applied
processing. The supported status option for the PID block is
Target to Manual is Bad IN.
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LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 87
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
Table C-7 PID function block system parameters continued
Index
Parameter
STRATEGY 03 None The strategy field can be used to identify grouping of blocks.
ST_REV 01 None The revision level of the static data associated with the
STRUCTURE.CONFIG 75 None Defines PID equation structure to apply controller action
TAG_DESC 02 None The user description of the intended application of the block
TRK_IN_D 38 None Discrete input that initiates external tracking
TRK_SCALE 37 None The high and low scale values, engineering units code, and
TRK_VAL 39 EU of
UBETA 72 % Used to set disturbance rejection vs. tracking response action
UGAMMA 71 % Used to set disturbance rejection vs. tracking response action
UPDATE_EVT 43 None This alert is generated by any changes to the static data.
Number Units Description
This data is not checked or processed by the block.
function block. The revision value will be incremented each
time a static parameter value in the block is changed.
number of digits to the right of the decimal point associated
with the external tracking value (TRK_VAL)
The value (after scaling from TRK_SCALE) APPLIED to OUT
TRK_SCALE
in LO mode
for a 2.0 degree of freedom PID
for a 2.0 degree of freedom PID
C.5.1 Setpoint selection and limiting
The setpoint of the PID block is determined by the mode. You can configure the SP_HI_LIM and
SP_LO_LIM parameters to limit the setpoint.
•In Cascade or RemoteCascade mode, the setpoint is adjusted by another function block or by
a host computer, and the output is computed based on the setpoint.
•In Automatic mode, the setpoint is entered manually by the operator, and the output is
computed based on the setpoint. In Auto mode, you can also adjust the setpoint limit and the
setpoint rate of change using the SP_RATE_UP and SP_RATE_DN parameters.
•In Manual mode the output is entered manually by the operator, and is independent of the
setpoint. In RemoteOutput mode, the output is entered by a host computer, and is
independent of the setpoint.
Figure C-9 illustrates the method for setpoint selection.
Figure C-9 PID function block setpoint
Operator
Setpoint
Auto
Man
Cas
SP_HI_LIM
SP_LO_LIM
Setpoint
Limiting
SP_RATE_UP
SP_RATE_DN
Rate
Limiting
Auto
Man
Cas
88 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
C.5.2 Filtering
The filtering feature changes the response time of the device to smooth variations in output reading
caused by rapid changes in input. You can configure the filtering feature with the FILTER_TYPE
parameter, and you can adjust the filter time constant (in seconds) using the PV_FTIME or
SP_FTIME parameters. Set the filter time constant to zero to disable the filter feature.
C.5.3 Feedforward calculation
The feedforward value (FF_VAL) is scaled (FF_SCALE) to a common range for compatibility with
the output scale (OUT_SCALE). A gain value (FF_GAIN) is applied to achieve the total feedforward
contribution.
C.5.4 Tracking
You enable the use of output tracking through the control options. You can set control options in
Manual or Out of Service mode only.
The Track Enab l e control option must be set to True for the track function to operate. When the
Track in Manual control option is set to True, tracking can be activated and maintained only when the
block is in Manual mode. When Track in Manual is False, the operator can override the tracking
function when the block is in Manual mode. Activating the track function causes the block’s actual
mode to revert to Local Override.
The TRK_VAL parameter specifies the value to be converted and tracked into the output when the
track function is operating. The TRK_SCALE parameter specifies the range of TRK_VAL.
When the TRK_IN_D parameter is True and the Track Enable control option is True, the TRK_VAL
input is converted to the appropriate value and output in units of OUT_SCALE.
C.5.5 Output selection and limiting
Output selection is determined by the mode and the setpoint. In Automatic, Cascade, or Remote
Cascade mode, the output is computed by the PID control equation. In Manual and RemoteOutput
mode, the output may be entered manually. You can limit the output by configuring the
OUT_HI_LIM and OUT_LO_LIM parameters.
C.5.6 Bumpless transfer and setpoint tracking
You can configure the method for tracking the setpoint by configuring the following control options
(CONTROL_OPTS):
• SP-PV Track in Man—Permits the SP to track the PV when the target mode of the block is
Man.
• SP-PV Track in Local Override (LO) or IMan—Permits the SP to track the PV when the
actual mode of the block is LO or IMan.
When one of these options is set, the SP value is set to the PV value while in the specified mode.
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You can select the value that a master controller uses for tracking by configuring the Use PV for
BKCAL_OUT control option. The BKCAL_OUT value tracks the PV value. BKCAL_IN on a
master controller connected to BKCAL_OUT on the PID block in an open cascade strategy forces its
OUT to match BKCAL_IN, thus tracking the PV from the slave PID block into its cascade input
connection (CAS_IN). If the Use PV for BKCAL_OUT option is not selected, the working setpoint
(SP_WRK) is used for BKCAL_OUT.
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 89
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
You can set control options in Manual or O/S mode only. When the mode is set to Auto, the SP will
remain at the last value (it will no longer follow the PV).
C.5.7 PID equation structures
Configure the STRUCTURES parameter to select the PID equation structure. You can select one of
the following choices:
• PI Action on Error, D Action on PV
• PID Action on Error
• I Action on Error, PD Action on PV
Set RESET to zero to configure the PID block to perform integral only control regardless of the
STRUCTURE parameter selection. When RESET equals zero, the equation reduces to an integrator
equation with a gain value applied to the error:
Where
• Gain: proportional gain value
•e: error
• s: laplace operator
GAIN e s()×
----------------------------------
s
C.5.8 Reverse and direct action
To configure the block output action, enable the Direct Acting control option. This option defines the
relationship between a change in PV and the corresponding change in output. With Direct Acting
enabled (True), an increase in PV results in an increase in the output.
You can set control options in Manual or O/S mode only.
Note: Track Enable, Track in Manual, SP-PV Track in Man, SP-PV Track in LO or IMan, Use PV for
BKCAK_OUT, and Direct Acting are the only control options supported by the PID function block.
Unsupported options are not grayed out; they appear on the screen in the same manner as supported
options.
C.5.9 Reset limiting
The PID function block provides a modified version of feedback reset limiting that prevents windup
when output or input limits are encountered, and provides the proper behavior in selector applications.
C.5.10 Block errors
Table C-8 lists conditions reported in the BLOCK_ERR parameter. Conditions in italics are inactive
for the PID block and are given here only for your reference.
90 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
Table C-8 BLOCK_ERR conditions
Condition Number Condition Name and Description
0 Other
1 Block Configuration Error: The BY_PASS parameter is not configured and is set to 0,
the SP_HI_LIM is less than the SP_LO_LIM, or the OUT_HI_LIM is less than the
OUT_LO_LIM.
2 Link Configuration Error
3 Simulate Active
4 Local Override: The actual mode is LO.
5 Device Fault State Set
6 Device Needs Maintenance Soon
7 Input Failure/Process Variable has Bad Status: The parameter linked to IN is indicating
a Bad status
8 Output Failure
9 Memory Failure
10 Lost Static Data
11 Lost NV Data
12 Readback Check Failed
13 Device Needs Maintenance Now
14 Power Up
15 Out of Service: The actual mode is out of service
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C.5.11 Modes
The PID function block supports the following modes:
• Man—The block output (OUT) may be set manually.
• Auto—The SP may be set manually and the block algorithm calculates OUT.
• Cas—The SP is calculated in another block and is provided to the PID block through the
CAS_IN connection.
• RCas—The SP is provided by a host computer that writes to the RCAS_IN parameter.
• Rout—The OUT IS provided by a host computer that writes to the ROUT_IN parameter.
• Local Override (LO)—The track function is active. OUT is set by TRK_VAL. The
BLOCK_ERR parameter shows Local override.
• IMan—The output path is not complete (for example, the cascade-to-slave path might not be
open). In IMan mode, OUT tracks BKCAL_IN.
• O/S—The block is not processed. The Out status is set to Bad: Out of Service. The
BLOCK_ERR parameter shows Out of service.
You can configure the Man, Auto, Cas and O/S modes as permitted modes for operator entry.
C.5.12 Alarm detection
A block alarm will be generated whenever the BLOCK_ERR has an error bit set. The types of block
error for the PID block are defined above.
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 91
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
Process alarm detection is based on the PV value. You can configure the alarm limits of the following
standard alarms:
• High (HI_LIM)
• High high (HI_HI_LIM)
•Low (LO_LIM)
• Low low (LO_LO_LIM)
Additional process alarm detection is based on the difference between SP and PV values and can be
configured via the following parameters:
•HI_PRI
• HI_HO_PRI
•LO_PRI
•LO_LO_PRI
•DV_HI_PRI
•DV_LO_PRI
Table C-9 shows the five alarm priority levels.
Table C-9 Alarm priority levels
Priority Number Priority Description
0 The priority of an alarm condition changes to 0 after the condition that caused the alarm
is corrected.
1 An alarm condition with a priority of 1 is recognized by the system, but is not reported to
the operator.
2 An alarm condition with a priority of 2 is reported to the operator, but does not require
operator attention (such as diagnostics and system alerts).
3–7 Alarm conditions of priority 3 to 7 are advisory alarms of increasing priority.
8–15 Alarm conditions of priority 8 to 15 are critical alarms of increasing priority.
C.5.13 Status handling
If the input status on the PID block is Bad, the mode of the block reverts to Manual. In addition, you
can select the Target to Manually if Bad IN status option to direct the target mode to revert to
manual. You can set the status option in Manual or Out of Service mode only.
Note: Target to Manual if Bad IN is the only status option supported by the PID function block.
Unsupported options are not grayed out; they appear on the screen in the same manner as supported
options.
92 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
FOUNDATION Fieldbus Function Block Reference
C.5.14 Troubleshooting
Refer to Table C-10 to troubleshoot any problems that you encounter with the PID function block.
Table C-10 Troubleshooting the PID function block
Possible
Symptom
Mode will not leave OOS Target mode not
Mode will not leave IMAN Back Calculation BKCAL_IN
Mode will not change to CAS Target mode not
Mode sheds from RCAS to AUTO Remote Cascade
Mode sheds from ROUT to MAN Remote output
Process and/or block alarms will
not work.
Causes Corrective Action
Set target mode to something other than OOS.
set
Configuration
error
Resource block The actual mode of the Resource block is OOS.
Schedule Block is not scheduled and therefore cannot execute to go to
set
Cascade CAS_IN
Val ue
Shed Timer The mode shed timer, SHED_RCAS in the resource block is set
value
Shed timer The mode shed timer, SHED_RCAS, in the resource block is set
Features FEATURES_SEL does not have Alerts enabled. Enable the Alerts
Notification LIM_NOTIFY is not high enough. Set equal to MAX_NOTIFY.
Status Options STATUS_OPTS has Propagate Fault Forward bit set. This should
BLOCK_ERR will show the configuration error bit set. The
following are parameters that must be set before the block is
allowed out of OOS:
• BYPASS must be off or on and cannot be left at initial value of 0.
• OUT_HI_LIM must be less than or equal to OUT_LO_LIM.
• SP_HI_LIM must be less than or equal to SP_LO_LIM.
Target Mode. Schedule the block to execute.
• The link is not configured (the status would show “Not
Connected”). Configure the BKCAL_IN link to the downstream
block.
• The downstream block is sending back a Quality of “Bad” or a
Status of “Not Invited.”
Set target mode to something other than OOS.
• The link is not configured (the status would show “Not
Connected”). Configure the CAS_IN link to the block.
• The upstream block is sending back a Quality of “Bad” or a
Status of “Not Invited.” See the appropriate up stream block
diagnostics for corrective action.
Host system is not writing RCAS_IN with a quality and status of
“good cascade” within shed time
too low. Increase the value
Host system is not writing ROUT_IN with a quality and status of
“good cascade” within shed time
too low. Increase the value
bit.
be cleared to cause an alarm to occur.
Using ProLink II Function BlocksUsing DisplayTroubleshooting Using ProLink II Function BlocksUsing DisplayTroubleshooting Using ProLink II Function BlocksUsing DisplayTroubleshooting Using ProLink II Function BlocksUsing DisplayTroubleshooting
LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use 93
94 LF-Series Transmitters with FOUNDATION Fieldbus: Configuration and Use
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