Microchip Technology TC670ECH Datasheet

TC670

Tiny Predictive Fan Failure Detector

Features

• Fan Wear-out Detection for 2-Wire Linear
Controlled Fans

• Replacement System for 3-Wire Fans

• Fan Alert Signal when Fan Speed is below
Programmed Threshold

• CLEAR Capability for Eliminating False Alarm

• Low Operating Current, 90µA(typ.)

•V

Range 3.0V to 5.5V

DD

• Availableina6-PinSOT-23Package

Applications

• Protection for Linear Controlled Fans

• Power Supplies

• IndustrialEquipment

• PCs and Notebooks

• Data Storage

• Data Communications Equipment

• Instrumentation

Device Selection Table

Part Number Package Temp. Range

TC670ECH 6-Pin SOT-23 -40°C to +85°C

Package Type

SOT-23A-6

General Description

The TC670 is an integrated fan speed sensor that
predicts and/or detects fan failure, preventing thermal
damage to systems with cooling fans. W hen the fan
speed falls below a user specified level, the TC670
asserts an ALERT

signal. With this design, a critical
minimum fan speed i s determined by the user. The f an
alert level is then set with a resistor divider on the
THRESHOLD pin (Pin 1) of t he TC670. When the
minimum f an speed is r eached, the ALERT

pin (Pin 5)
changes from a digital HIGH t o LOW. This failure
detection works with all linear controlled 2-wire fans.
The TC670eliminatestheneedfor3-wire fan solutions.

A

CLEAR option can be used to reset the ALERT signal,

allowing the flexibility of connecting the ALERT

output
of the TC670 with other Al ert/FAULT interrupts in the
system. This feature can be implemented so that false
Fan Fault conditions do not initiate system shutdown.

The TC670 is specified to operate over the full
industrial temperature range of -40°C to +85°C. The
TC670 is offered in a SOT23-6 pin package and
consumes 90µA (typ) during operation. The space
saving package and low power consumption make this
device an ideal choice for systems r equiring fan speed
monitoring.

Typical Application Circuit

+5V

THRESHOLD

CLEAR



2002 Microchip TechnologyInc. DS21688B-page 1

1

GND

25

3

TC670ECH

6

4

SENSE

ALERT

V

DD

From
Microcontroller

0.1µF

R

3

R

2

4

V

DD

CLEAR

3

1

THRESHOLD

GND

2

ALERT

SENSE

ALERT
LED

R

4

+12V

5

C

SENSE

6

R

SENSE

DC

FANDCFAN

TC670

1.0 ELECTRICAL
CHARACTERISTICS

Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Rat­ings”maycausepermanentdamage to the device.These are
stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at
these or any other conditions above those indicated in the

Absolute Maximum Ratings*

VDD...................................................................................6.0V

All inputs and outputs w.r.t. .....(GND − 0.3V) to (V

Difference Input voltage ...................................... IV

DD

DD

+0.3V)

-GND

operation sections of the specifications is not implied. Expo­sure to Absolute Maximum R ating conditions for extended
periodsmay affectdevice reliability.

Output Short Circuit Current ..................................continuous

Current at Input Pin ................................................... +/-2 mA

Current at Output Pin .............................................. +/-25 mA

JunctionTemperature, T

.............................................150°C

J

ESDprotectiononallpins.................................................. ≥ 4kV

Operating Temperature Range........................-40°C to +85°C

Storage Temperature Range.........................-55°C to +150°C

TC670 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Electrical Characteristics: Unless otherwise specified,all limits are specified at +25°C, VDD=3.0Vto5.5V,CLEAR=Low.
Boldface type specificationsapply for temperaturerangeof -40°Cto +85°C

Symbol Parameters Min Typ Max Unit Conditions

Power Supply:

V

DD

I

DD

CLEAR Input:

V

IH

V

IL

SENSE Input:

V

TH(SENSE)

R

SENSE

THRESHOLD Input:

ALERT

ALERT

V

LOW

t

DELAY

Note 1: The TC670 will operate properly over the entire power supply range of 3.0V to 5.5V. As VDDvaries from 3.0V, accuracy will degrade

Supply Voltage 3.0 — 5.5 V
Supply Current — 90 150 µA

CLEARLogicInput High Level 0.8V
CLEARLogicInput Low Level — — 0.2V

—— V

DD

DD

SENSE Input Level Threshold Voltage — 124 — mV
SENSE Input Resistance — 50 — kΩ

THRESHOLD Input Voltage Minimum — 0.0 — V
THRESHOLD Input Voltage Maximum — 2.4 — V
THRESHOLD Input Resistance — 100 — MΩ

Programmed Fan Speed AlertAccuracy

ACC

(1)

-10 — +10 % VDD=3.0V

Output:

ALERT Output Low Voltage — — 0.3 V I
ALERT OutputDelay Time — 176 — ms

based on the percentage of V

as shown in Section 3.0.

DD

V

=2.5mA

SINK

TEMPERATURE SPECIFICATIONS

Electrical Characteristics: Unless otherwise specified, all limits are specified for -40°C to +85°C and VDD=3.0Vto5.5V

Symbol Parameters Min Typ Max Unit Conditions

Temperature Ranges:

T

A

T

A

Thermal Package Resistances:

θJA ThermalResistance,6L-SOT-23 — 230 — °C/W

DS21688B-page 2

SpecifiedTemperature Range -40 — +85 °C
Operating Temperature Range -40 — +85 °C



2002 Microchip TechnologyInc.

2.0 PIN DESCRIPTIONS

ThedescriptionsofthepinsarelistedinTable2-1.

TABLE 2-1: PIN FUNCTION TABLE

TC670

Pin No.

(6-Pin SOT-23)

1 THRESHOLD Analog Input used to set Fan ALERT

2 GND Ground Terminal.
3 CLEAR DigitalInput. Active High. The ALERT

4V
5ALERT

6 SENSE Analog Input. Current spikes are detected at this pin as the fan excitation signal

Symbol Description

Threshold Voltage.Input range = 0.0V to

2.4V.

Output is cleared when a high level signal is

applied to this input.

DD Power Supply Input, 3.0V to 5. 5V.

Digital (Open Drain) Output, active low. This pin goes low to indicate an alert
condition when the f an speed at the SENSE pin reaches the alert threshold
applied on the THRESHOLD pin.

transitionsfrom high to low and low to high.



2002 Microchip TechnologyInc. DS21688B-page 3

TC670

3.0 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Note: The graphs and tables provided following this note are a statisticalsummary based on a limited number of

samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein
are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified
operating range ( e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore outside the warranted range.

Supply Current IDD vs. Supply Voltage (VDD)
vs. Temperature (T

115

110

105

100

95

90

85

SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)

80

75

70

2.7

3.3

3.0

3.6

THRESHOLD Voltage vs. Fan Speed vs. Supply Voltage (VDD)

15000
14000
13000
12000
11000
10000

9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000

FAN SPEED (RPM)

3000
2000
1000

0

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50

= 2.7V

V

DD

4.2

3.9

SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

V

= 3.0V

DD

THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V)

)

A

4.8

5.1

VDD = 3.6V

4.5

= 3.3V

V

DD

ALERT

vs. Fan Speed vs. Temperature

ACC

13000

)

12000
11000
10000

9000
8000
7000

TA = -40˚C

= +25˚C

T

A

T

A

= +90˚C

6000

FAN SPEED (RPM

5000
4000
3000

VDD = 3.0V

-10.0 -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0

5.4

6.0

5.7

ALERT

Alert Output Delay (T

Power Supply Voltage (VDD)

177

176

175

V

= 5.5V

DD

= 5.0V

V

DD

174

173

172

171

170

169

ALERT OUTPUT DELAY TIME (ms)

168

2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V

ACC

(%)

DELAY

) vs.

DD

)

ALERT V

160

140

120

100

80

LOW (mV)

60

OUT

40

20

ALERT V

0

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

DS21688B-page 4

LOW

V

VDD = 2.7V

ALERT I

vs. ALERT I

V

DD

= 3.0V

DD

(mA)

SINK

= 3.6V

V

SINK

V

DD

DD

= 5.0V

= 5.5V

CLEAR Pin HIGH to ALERT pin HIGH

Timing Diagram



2002 Microchip TechnologyInc.

TC670

4.0 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The TC670 is an integrated fan speed sensor that
predicts/detects fan failure, consequently preventing
thermal damage to systems with cooling fans. When
the fan speed falls below a user programmed threshold
level, the TC670 asserts an ALERT
threshold is set with an external r esistor divider
network.

FIGURE 4-1: TC670 BLOCK DIAGRAM

V

DD

THRESHOLD

Logic

Frequency to

GND

Voltage

Bandgap Oscillator

signal. This

CLEAR

ALERT

SENSE

50kΩ

124mV

FIGURE 4-2: TYPICAL APPLICATION

CIRCUIT

V

=+5V

DD

ALERT

4

V

DD

0.1µF
CLEAR

3

From

Microcontroller

V

threshold

Note: This typical application circuit uses an LED to indicate that a
fan failure has occurred.

R

3

1

THRESHOLD

R

2

V

THRESHOLDVDD

GND

=

ALERT

SENSE

2



------- ----------- --- -



R2R3+



LED

R

4

C

SENSE

R

SENSE

+12V

DC

FANDCFAN

5

6

R

2

4.1 SENSE Input

As shown in Figure 4- 1, the TC670 senses the fan
pulses and internally converts those pulses from a
frequency into an analog voltage. This voltage is then
compared with a DC voltage present on the THRESH­OLD pin. If the converted frequency-to-voltage value
from the fan’s pulses falls below the THRESHOLD
voltage,aFAULT signal is assertedthrough the ALERT
pin (active LOW).

In a 3.0V system, the external fan alert level on the
THRESHOLD pin can be designed from 0.0V (stalled
fan) and up to 2.4V (for 13,000 RPM) to cover most of
the common fan speeds. This failure detection system
works with linear controlled 2-wire fans and eliminates
the need for 3-wire fans. The TC670 can work with 3­wire fans as well either by using the SENSE c ircuit or
by directly sensing the RPM output from the 3rd wire.

A CLEAR pin is provided to allow the user to reset the
ALERT

pin status back to a HIGH state. This CLEAR
option also allows the flexibility of connecting the
ALERT

output of the TC670 with other Alert/FAULT
interrupts in the system without having a risk of a
system shutdown due to false Fan Fault condition.

As shown in Figure 4-2, the SENSE input (Pin 6) is
connected through a sensing capacitor (C
low value current sensing resistor (R

SENSE

). A

SENSE

)isalso
connectedtothelowsideof the fan to the ground return
leg of the fan. During normal fan operation, commuta­tion occurs as each pole of the fan is energized. This
causes brief interruptions in the fan current, seen as
pulses across the sense resistor.

These short rapid changes in fan current cause a
corresponding dV/dt voltage across the sense resistor
as well as a corresponding dI/dt current across the
sense capacitor. The current across C

SENSE

is termi­nated with the internal 50kΩ input resistance at the
SENSE pin of the TC670. When positive going fan
pulses at the SENSE input are greater than 124mV
(typ) t he TC670 latches in those voltage spikes. This
124mV (typ) SENSE input built-in threshold reduces
false triggering errors caused by extraneous noise
pulses associated with a running fan. The presence
and frequency of these pulses is a direct indication of
fan operation and fan speed.



2002 Microchip TechnologyInc. DS21688B-page 5

TC670

The design of the proper input SENSE circuitry is a
matter of scaling R
amount of gain and proper selection of the sensing
capacitor. The following table (Table 4-1) lists some
recommended values for R
nominal operating current of the fan. Please note that
the currentdrawspecifiedby the fan manufacturermay
not be the fan’snominal operating current, but a worst­case rating. If the fan current falls between two of the
values listed, it is recommended that the higher value
resistor is used.

to provide the necessary

SENSE

according to the

SENSE

TABLE 4-1: RECOMMENDED VALUES

FOR R

Nominal Fan Cur rent

(mA)

100 4.7
200 2.4
300 1.8
400 1.3
500 1.0
600 0.8

A0.1µF ceramic capacitor is recommended for
C
sense resistors whereas larger capacitors are more
expensive and occupy more board space.

. Smaller capacitor values wi ll require larger

SENSE

PER FIGURE 4-2

SENSE

R

SENSE

(Ω)

4.2.1 THRESHOLD CALIBRATION USING
FAN’S FULL SCALE SPEED

The fan should first be run at full speed. At full speed
the THRESHOLD voltagelevelshouldbeadjusteduntil
the ALERT
of the THRESHOLD voltage, the value can be scaled
down to the Fan Fault speed as a percentageof the full
speed. For example, if the fan full speed THRESHOLD
voltage is 1.5V, t hen the Fan Fault THRESHOLD
voltage at 30% of full speed would be 30% x 1.5V =

0.45V.

output is asserted. With this full scale value

4.2.2 THRESHOLD CALIBRATION USING
FAN’S MINIMUM ALLOWABLE
SPEED ESTIMATE

For a more exact Fan Fault trip point, the user can r un
thefanatitsminimumallowedspeed. At this speed, the
THRESHOLD voltage can b e adjusted until the ALERT
output is asserted.

4.3 CLEAR Input

The CLEAR input allows the user to reset the ALERT
pin to a high status. This is an active HIGH input.
Consequently, as long as CLEAR is HIGH, ALERT
always be HIGH as well. To allow ALERT
correctly CLEAR must be held LOW. This feature can
be implemented so that false Fan Fault conditions do
not initiatesystem shutdown.

will

to operate

4.2 THRESHOLD Input

The voltage at the THRESHOLD input sets the
equivalent minimum allowable fan speed f or t he appli­cation. As shown in Section 3.0 typical performance
curves, the relationship between the THRESHOLD
voltage and minimum fan speed is also power supply
and t emperature dependant.

All the values for t he THRESHOLD voltage that are
shown in these graphs represent typical numbers and
might not be optimized for all fans in all applications.To
ensure accurate fan speed monitoring of a specific fan
in a specific application, the user must perform a one­time correlation check with the prototype.

There are two techniques that can be used to calibrate
the system. One approach is to find the fan’s full scale
capability and mathematically estimate the minimum
acceptable speed of the fan. A second technique is to
identify the fan’s minimum speed and calibrate the
THRESHOLD voltage accordingly.

4.4 ALERT Output

The ALERT output is an open drain output capable of
sinking 2.5mA (typ). The ALERT
whenever the detected fan speed equals or falls below
the equivalentvoltagesetat the THRESHOLD pin. The
ALERT
is brought to a HIGH state. Although the absolute
maximum output current of this pin is 25mA, it is
recommended that this current sinking into the ALERT
Output does not exceed 20mA.

output is only deactivated once the CLEAR pin

4.5 Power Supply Input, V

To assure proper operation of the TC670 i n a noisy
environment where the fans are running, the V
(Pin 4) must be decoupled with a 0.1µF capacitor as
shown in Figure 4-1. This capacitor should be located
as closetotheTC670V
promptly terminated to the ground plane. A Ceramic
capacitoris recommended.

pinas possibleaswellbeing

DD

output is asserted

DD

pin

DD

4.6 Ground Terminal, GND

The GND pin (Pin 2) of the TC670 should be connected
directly to the analog ground plane of the circuit board.
Care should be taken in circuit layout to keep this pin
away from switchingsignals, such as the fan excitation
signals i n order to avoid false signals on the SENSE
pin.

DS21688B-page 6



2002 Microchip TechnologyInc.

5.0 PACKAGE INFORMATION

5.1 Package Marking Information

6-Pin SOT-23A (EIAJ SC-74) Device

2

13



5

64

1 & 2 = part number code + temperature range and
voltage

Part Number Code

TC670ECH

3 = year and quarter code
4 = lot ID number

TC670



2002 Microchip TechnologyInc. DS21688B-page 7

TC670

5.2 Taping Form

Component Taping Orientation for 6-Pin SOT-23A (EIAJ SC-74) Devices

Device

Device

Device

Device

Device

Device

Device

Device

Device

Device

Device

Device

Device

Marking

Marking

Marking

Marking

Marking

Marking

Marking

Marking

Marking

Marking

Marking

Marking

Marking

User Direction of Feed

W

PIN 1

Carrier Tape, Number of Components Per Reel and Reel Size

Package Carrier Width (W) Pitch (P) Part Per Full Reel Reel Size

6-Pin SOT-23A 8 mm 4 mm 3000 7 in

5.3 Package Dimensions

SOT-23A-6

.122 (3.10)
.098 (2.50)

.020 (0.50)
.014 (0.35)

P

Standard Reel Component Orientation
For TR Suffix Device
(Mark Right Side Up)

.075 (1.90)

REF.

.069 (1.75)
.059 (1.50)

.037 (0.95)

REF.

.118 (3.00)
.110 (2.80)

DS21688B-page 8

.057 (1.45)
.035 (0.90)

.006 (0.15)
.000 (0.00)

10° MAX.

.024 (0.60)
.004 (0.10)

Dimensions: inches (mm)

.008 (0.20)
.004 (0.09)



2002 Microchip TechnologyInc.

TC670

SALES AND SUPPORT

Data Sheets

Products supportedby a preliminary DataSheetmayhave an erratasheetdescribing minor operational differences and recom­mendedworkarounds.To determine if an errata sheetexists for a particular device,please contact one of the following:

1. Your local Microchip sales office

2. TheMicrochip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX:[phone]

3. The Microchip Worldwide Site (www.microchip.com)
Pleasespecify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (includeLiterature #) you are using.

New Customer Notification System

Register on our web site (www.microchip.com/cn)to receive the most currentinformation on our products.



2002 Microchip TechnologyInc. DS21688B-page 9

TC670

NOTES:

DS21688B-page 10



2002 Microchip TechnologyInc.

TC670

Information contained in this publication regarding device
applications and the like is intended through suggestion only
and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to
ensure that your application meets with your specifications.
No representation or warranty is given and no liability is
assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect
to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of
patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such
use or otherwise. Use of Microchip’s products as critical com­ponents in life support systems is not authorized except with
express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are con­veyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property
rights.

Trademarks

The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, FilterLab,
K

EELOQ,microID,MPLAB,PIC,PICmicro,PICMASTER,

PICSTART, PRO MA TE, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control
SolutionsCompany areregiste red trademarksof MicrochipTech­nologyIncorp or ated in the U.S.A. and other countries .

dsPIC, ECONOMONI TOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB,
In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, microPort,
Migratable Memory, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, MPSIM,
MXDEV, PICC, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, rfPIC, Selec t M ode
and TotalEndurancearetrademarksofMicrochipTechnology
Incorporated in the U.S.A.

Serialized Quick Turn Programming (SQTP) is a service mark
of Microchip TechnologyIncorporated in t he U.S.A.

All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.

© 2002, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the
U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.

Printed on recycled paper.

Microchip received QS-9000 quality system
certification for its worldwide headquarters,
design and wafer fabrication facilities in
Chandler and Tempe, Arizona in July 1999
and Mountain View, California in March 2002.
The Company’s quality system processes and
procedures are QS-9000 compliant for its

®

PICmicro
devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals,
non-volatile memory and analog products. In
addition, Microchip’s quality system for the
design and manufacture of development
systemsisISO 9001certified.



2002 Microchip TechnologyInc. DS21688B-page 11

8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ®code hopping

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04/20/02

DS21688B-page 12

*DS21688B*



2002 Microchip Technology Inc.