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INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains general information that will be useful to know before using the
MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control. Items discussed in
this chapter include:
• Document Layout
• Conventions Used in this Guide
• Recommended Reading
• The Microchip Web Site
• Customer Support
• Document Revision History
DOCUMENT LAYOUT
This document describes how to use the MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage
Proportional Current Control as a linear Li-Ion battery charge controller that can share
a load. The manual layout is as follows:
• Chapter 1. “Product Overview” – Important information about the MCP73871
Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control.
• Chapter 2. “Installation and Operation” – Includes instructions on how to get
started with this user’s guide and a description of the user’s guide.
• Appendix A. “Schematic and Layouts” – Shows the schematic and layout
diagrams for the MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current
Control.
• Appendix B. “Bill of Materials (BOM)” – Lists the parts used to build the
MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control.
This user's guide describes how to use MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage
Proportional Current Control. Other useful documents are listed below. The following
Microchip documents are available and recommended as supplemental reference
resources.
• MCP73871 Data Sheet - “Stand-Alone System Load Sharing and Li-Ion /
Li-Polymer Battery Charge Management Controller”, DS22090
This data sheet provides detailed information regarding the MCP73871 product family.
THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE
Microchip provides online support via our web site at www.microchip.com. This web
site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers.
Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser, the web site contains the following
information:
• Product Support – Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample
programs, design resources, user’s guides and hardware support documents,
latest software releases and archived software
• General Technical Support – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), technical
support requests, online discussion groups, Microchip consultant program
member listing
• Business of Microchip – Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip
press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of Microchip sales offices,
distributors and factory representatives
Preface
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels:
• Distributor or Representative
• Local Sales Office
• Field Application Engineer (FAE)
• Technical Support
Customers should contact their distributor, representative or field application engineer
(FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of
sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document.
Technical support is available through the web site at: http://support.microchip.com.
The MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control is designed to
demonstrate Microchip's stand-alone linear Li-Ion battery charger with system power
path and load sharing management control solution. The MCP73871 integrates the
required elements to meet design challenges when developing new Li-Ion / Li-Polymer
batteries powered products.
The MCP73871 requires minimum external components to power the system load and
charge single cell Li-Ion batteries independently. When input power is absent or
insufficient, the Li-Ion battery becomes the primary power source and supports the
required system load current. The MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional
Current Control feature added is developed to assist engineers in reducing product
design cycle and time by utilizing Microchip’s favorite stand-alone Li-Ion battery
charger and system load sharing management controller.
This chapter provides an overview of the MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage
Proportional Current Control and covers the following topics:
• What is the MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control?
• What the MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control Kit
includes?
MCP73871 DEMO BOARD WITH
VOLTAGE PROPORTIONAL
CURRENT CONTROL USER’S GUIDE
FIGURE 1-1: MCP73871 With System Power Path and Voltage Proportional Current Control
(VPCC) Management Typical Application.
MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control User’s Guide
1.2WHAT IS THE MCP73871 DEMO BOARD WITH VOLTAGE PROPORTIONAL
CURRENT CONTROL?
The MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control demonstrates
the features of Microchip’s MCP73871 “Stand-Alone System Load Sharing and Li-Ion
/ Li-Poly Battery Charge Management Controller”.The MCP73871 Demo Board with
Voltage Proportional Current Control is designed to deliver minimum 1.5A total current
to system load and to a single cell Li-Ion battery at 4.2V preset voltage regulation (4.1V,
4.35V and 4.4V options are also available for MCP73871). The MCP73871 Demo
Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control has one dip switch (S1) with four poles
to control input current limits, enable charge timer and enable charging. The first switch
decides the input power source between AC-DC wall adapter and USB port (AC/USB).
The second switch of S1 determines the 500 mA high-power USB port or the 100 mA
low-power USB port (High/Low), if the first switch of S1 is enabled (ON). The input
current limit is governed by the USB specification when selecting USB on S1 switch.
The maximum fast current when AC is selected on S1 is programmed by the resistor
R
(see Figure 1-1).
The MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control offers three
status LED (for charge status outputs and a power-good indicator).
at 1A, and the termination current is set at 100 mA by R
PROG1
PROG3
Note:Refer to Table 2-1for charge status outputs and Figure 2-1 for charge
current setups.
The MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control comes with a
factory preset low-battery indicator (LBO) when input is absent. The preset value is
3.2V and STAT1 LED (Green) will turn ON if the battery voltage is below the threshold
voltage.
The MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control is designed to
cover all the features of the MCP73871 device. A thermistor can be added at test points
TP6 and TP7, but resistor R6 must be removed (see the A.2 “Board – Schematic”).
The board layout easily permit to change the two programmable resistors: R
R
PROG3
.
PROG1
1.3WHAT THE MCP73871 DEMO BOARD WITH VOLTAGE PROPORTIONAL
CURRENT CONTROL KIT INCLUDES?
This MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control kit includes:
• One MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control,
102-00244
The MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control demonstrates
Microchip's standalone linear Li-Ion battery charger with system power path and load
sharing management control solution. The system load is also powered by the Li-Ion
battery when the input power is disconnected. A number of device options allow the
MCP73871 to be utilized in a variety of applications. Please refer to the MCP73871
Data Sheet (DS22090) and/or contact local Microchip supports for additional device
options.
Typical applications for the reference design are in Smart Phones, PDA, Portable
Media Players, MP3 Players, Digital Cameras, Handheld Medical devices, Bluetooth
headsets, Ultra-Mobile PC and Portable Communicators.
2.2FEATURES
The MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control has the
following features:
• Integrated System Load Sharing
• Voltage Proportional Current Control (VPCC) Input voltage: 5.5V with ±0.5V
tolerance (additional information available in the MCP73871 Data Sheet)
• Input Current Limit Control hardware selected (typical 1650 mA, USB-High
maximum 500 mA, and USB-Low maximum 100 mA)
• Three LEDs to indicate charge status, low battery and power good signal
MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control User’s Guide
2.3GETTING STARTED
The MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control is fully
assembled and tested for charging a single-cell Li-Ion or Li-Polymer battery with or
without system load.
2.3.1Power Input and Output Connection
2.3.1.1POWERING THE MCP73871 DEMO BOARD WITH VOLTAGE
PROPORTIONAL CURRENT CONTROL
1. Connect the positive battery terminal to V
+ (TP4) and negative battery
BAT
terminal to GND (TP1 or TP5).
2. Connect the 5V – 6V DC power supply Negative Terminal to GND (TP1 or TP5).
3. Connect the 5V – 6V DC power supply Positive Terminal to V
DD
(TP2).
4. Connect positive of load to OUT (TP3) on the board and negative of load to GND
(TP1 or TP5). The system load can be a power resistor or E-Load.
5. The maximum current that system load requires should not violate the
specification of Li-Ion battery manufacturer (typical at 1C or less) or 1A for safety
and performance concerns.
6. You should initiate the battery charging cycle when turning CE switch of S1 OFF.
Turning the CE switch ON disables the Li-Ion battery charger function.
7. The S1 switch #1 in OFF position (SEL - “AC-DC”) allows maximum input current
of 1.8A to support both system load and Li-Ion battery charger at 1000 mA fast
charge current rate.
8. The S1 switch #1 in ON position (SEL - “USB”) limits the input current to meet
USB specifications.
9. If switch SEL is in ON position (PROG2), the user has two options for switch #2:
- OFF - limits the total input current to 500 mA
- ON - for maximum input current at 100 mA.
Note 1:For setup/configuration follow the information in Table 2-2.
2:Fast Charge Current and Termination Current can be easily programmed
with various resistors based on Figure 2-1.
3:The Li-Ion battery pack can be replaced with test circuit or electronic load
that can sink current with DC power supply. Refer to Figure 2-2for
details.
10. If DC power is removed, the load should be supported by the Li-Ion battery.
2.3.2Programming Resistors
The resistors that connected at R
current in constant current mode from ac-dc adapter and termination current,
respectively. The relationship between fast charge current and value of R
resistor is illustrated in Figure 2-1. The correspondence of R
Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control is R
which sets the maximum charge current at 1A.
For R
, the correspondent resistor is R2. A 10 k resistor sets the charge
PROG3
termination current at 100 mA and a 100 k value results a 10 mA termination point.
Read carefully the additional information on the schematic in A.2 “Board – Sche-matic”. The boards comes with R
2.3.3Voltage Proportional Charge Control (VPCC) Function
If the input voltage drops to a preset value, determined by the threshold established at
the VPCC input (1.23V at pin #2), due to a limited amount of input current or input
source impedance, the battery charging current is reduced. The VPCC control tries to
reach a steady state condition where the system load has priority and the battery is
charged with the remaining current. Therefore, if the system demands more current
that the input can provide, the MCP73871 changes its status and the battery is able to
supplement the input current to the system load.
The VPCC function sustains the system load as its highest priority. It does this by
reducing the noncritical charge current while maintaining the maximum power output
of the adapter. Further demand from the system is supported by the battery, if possible.
The VPCC feature functions are identical for USB port or AC-DC adapter inputs. This
feature can be disabled by removing resistor R
0603 resistor.
The demo board is designed to operate with 5.5V with +/-0.5V tolerance input voltage,
by setting accordingly the voltage on VPCC pin by R7 and R8 resistors (see
A.2 “Board – Schematic”). Additional information on the configuration of the VPCC
function is available in the MCP73871 Data Sheet.
2.3.3.1EXAMPLE
A system is designed with a 5.0V rated DC power supply with ±0.5V tolerance. The
worst condition of 4.5V is selected, which is used to calculate the VPCC supply voltage
with divider. The voltage divider equation is shown below:
and replacing R8 with a zero ohms
7
The calculated R
resistor is selected for R
Figure 2-4 illustrates the influence of various input voltages.
FIGURE 2-4:Input and Output Parameters when Input Voltage is Variable,
from 2.5V to 5.5V. See the Influence of VPCC Pin.
equals to 292.43 k when 110 k is selected for R7. The 294 k
8
to build the voltage divider for VPCC pin.
8
MCP73871 Demo Board with Voltage Proportional Current Control User’s Guide
0
1
2
3
4
5
0255075100125150
Time (min)
Battery Volatge (V)
(°C)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Charge Current (A)
V
BAT
Cell Temperature / 10
I
Charge
2.3.4Temperature Monitoring Option
The MCP73871 device monitors continuously the battery temperature during a charge
cycle by measuring the voltage between the THERM and V
source provides the bias for most common 10 k negative-temperature coefficient
thermistors (NTC). The MCP73871 device compares the voltage at the THERM pin to
factory set thresholds of 1.24V and 0.25V, typically. Once a voltage outside the
thresholds is detected during a charge cycle, the MCP73871 device immediately
suspends the charge cycle, by turning off the charge and holding the timer value. The
charge cycle resumes when the voltage at the THERM pin returns to the normal range.
To activate this feature, remove R6 resistor and connect a 10 k NTC thermistor to TP6
and TP7 test points.
pins. An internal current
SS
Cell Temperature / 10
FIGURE 2-5:MCP73871 Charge Profile in Constant Voltage Mode for a
900 mAh Li-Ion Cell.