Microchip Technology MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User guide

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board

for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B

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intended manner and under normal conditions.

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knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data
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Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our
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allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.

Information contained in this publication regarding device
applications and t he lik e is provided only for your convenience
and may be su perseded by upda t es . It is y our responsibility to
ensure that your application meets with your specifications.
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Trademarks

The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC,
K

EELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART,

32

PIC

logo, rfPIC and UNI/O are registered trademarks of
Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other
countries.

FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor,
MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control
Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip
Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.

Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, CodeGuard,
dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN,
ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial
Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified
logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Omniscient Code
Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit,
PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total Endurance,
TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA are
trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the
U.S.A. and other countries.

SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated
in the U.S.A.

All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.

© 2010, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the
U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.

Printed on recycled paper.

ISBN: 978-1-60932-571-8

Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide
headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and
Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California
and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures
are for its PIC
devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and
analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design
and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.

®

MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs, KEELOQ

®

code hopping

DS51845B-page 2  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

MCP3901 ADC EVALUATION BOARD

FOR 16-BIT MCUs USER’S GUIDE

Table of Contents

Preface ...........................................................................................................................5

Introduction............................................................................................................5

Document Layout .................................................................................................. 5

Conventions Used in this Guide............................................................................ 6

Recommended Reading.............................................................. .. ........................7

The Microchip Web Site........................................................................................ 7

Customer Support.................... .................................... .................. .......................7

Document Revision History................................................................................... 7

Chapter 1. Hardware Description

1.1 Overview ............. ........................................................................................... 9

1.2 PIM Module/MCP3901 Connection and Peripheral Usage Overview ..........11

1.3 MCP3901 Delta-Sigma Sampling/MCLK Options ........................................12

1.4 Analog Input Structure ......................................... .........................................13

1.5 Universal Serial Bus (USB) ..........................................................................13

Chapter 2. Firmware

2.1 DSPIC33 F irmware Descrip tion ..... .. ............. .. .. ........................................... 1 5

2.2 Data Acquis it io n ..................................................... ...................................... 16

2.3 UART Comm u n ic a tio n P ro t oc o l ................................................. .. .. .............. 18

Chapter 3. MCP3901 PC Software Tool

3.1 Software Ove r view ... .................................................................. .. .. .............. 21

3.2 Setting the C o n fig u r a tio n o f th e ADC ........ .. ................................................. 22

3.3 Connectivity and Recording Length .............................................................22

3.4 Scope Plot Window - Time Domain Analysis ...............................................22

3.5 Histogram Window – Noise Analysis .................................................... .. ......22

3.6 FFT Window – Fr e que n c y Dom a i n An a ly s is ........ ........................................ 23

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B-page 3

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

Appendix A. Schematics and Layouts

A.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 25

A.2 Schema tic – An a l og ........... ........................................ .. .. ........................... .. . 26

A.3 Schematic – LCD and UART ................ .......................... ... .. ....................... 27

A.4 Schema tic – USB and Memory .... . .. ............. ... .. .......................... ... .. ............ 28

A.5 Schematic – Microcont ro ller (MCU) ................ .......................... .. ... .............. 29

A.6 Schematic – PIM Module ............................................................................. 30

A.7 Schematic – Power ................ ...................................................................... 31

A.8 Board – Top Trace and Top Silk ..................................................................32

A.9 Board – Bott o m Tr a ce a nd B o tt o m Si lk .. ...................................................... 32

A.10 Board – Lay e r #2 VD D ...... ........................................ .. .. ............................ 33

A.11 Board – Layer #3 GND .............................................................................. 33

A.12 Board – Top Silk and Pads ........................................................................34

A.13 Board – Bottom Top Silk and Pads ............................................................ 34

Appendix B. Bill Of Materials (BOM)

Worldwide Sales and Service .....................................................................................38

DS51845B-page 4  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

MCP3901 ADC EVALUATION BOARD

FOR 16-BIT MCUs USER’S GUIDE

Preface

NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS

All documentation becomes dated, and this manual is no exception. Microchip tools and
documentation are constantly evolving to meet customer needs, so some actual dialogs
and/or tool descriptions may differ from those in this document. Please refer to our web site
(www.microchip.com) to obtain the latest documentation available.

Documents are identified with a “DS” number. This number is located on the bottom of each
page, in front of the p age number. The numbering convention for the DS number is
“DSXXXXXA”, where “XXXXX” is the document number and “A” is the revision level of the
document.

For the most up-to-date information on development tools, see the MPLAB
Select the Help menu, and then Topics to open a list of available on-line help files.

®

IDE on-line help.

INTRODUCTION

This chapter contains general information that will be useful to know before using the
MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs. Items discussed in this chapter
include:

• Document Layout

• Conventions Used in this Guide

• Recommended Reading

• The Microchip Web Site

• Customer Support

• Document Revision History

DOCUMENT LAYOUT

This document describes how to use the MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit
MCUs as a development tool to emulate and debug firmware on a target board. The
manual layout is as follows:

• Chapter 1. “Hardwa re Desc ript ion ”– Provides important information about the
MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs hardware.

• Chapter 2. “Firmware” – Describes the MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for
16-Bit MCUs firmware.

• Chapter 3. “MCP3901 PC Software Tool” – Provides detailed information about
board’s PC software tool.

• Appendix A. “Schematics and Layouts”– Shows the schematic and board
layouts for the MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs.

• Appendix B. “Bill Of Materials (BOM)” – Lists the parts used to build the
MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs.

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B-page 5

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE

This manual uses the following docum entat io n conven tion s:

DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS

Description Represents Examples

Arial font:

Italic chara c ters Referenced books MPLAB

Emphasized text ...is the only compiler...

Initial caps A window the Output window

A dialog the Settings dialog
A menu selection select Enable Programmer

Quotes A field name in a window or

dialog

Underlined, italic text with
right angle bracket

Bold characters A dialog button Click OK

N‘Rnnnn A number in verilog format,

Text in angle brac kets < > A key on the keyboard Press <Enter>, <F1>

Courier New font:

Plain Courier New Sample source code #define START

Italic Courier New A variable argument file.o, where file can be

Square brackets [ ] Optional arguments mcc18 [options] file

Curly brackets and pipe
character: { | }

Ellipses... Replaces r epeated text var_name [,

A menu path File>Save

A tab Click the Power tab

where N is the tota l number of
digits, R is th e radi x and n is a
digit.

Filenames autoexec.bat
File paths c:\mcc18\h
Keywords _asm, _endasm, static
Command-line options -Opa+, -Opa-
Bit values 0, 1
Constants 0xFF, ‘A’

Choice of mut ually exclus ive
arguments; an OR selection

Represents code supplied by
user

“Save project before build”

4‘b0010, 2‘hF1

any valid filename

[options]
errorlevel {0|1}

var_name...]
void main (void)

{ ...
}

®

IDE User’s Guide

DS51845B-page 6  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

RECOMMENDED READING

This user's guide describes how to use MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit
MCUs. Other useful documents are listed below. The following Microchip document is
available and recommended as supplemental reference resources:

MCP3901 Data Sheet - “Two Channel Delta Sigma A/D Converter”, DS22192

THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE

Microchip provides online support via our web site at www.microchip.com. This web
site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers.
Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser, the web site contains the following
information:

• Product Support – Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample
programs, design resources, user’s guides and hardware support documents,
latest software releases and archived software

• General Technical Support – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), technical
support requests, online discussion groups, Microchip consultant program
member listing

• Business of Microchip – Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip
press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of Microchip sales offices,
distributors and factory representatives

Preface

CUSTOMER SUPPORT

Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels:

• Distributor or Representative

• Local Sales Office

• Field Application Engineer (FAE)

• Technical Support

Customers should contact their distributor, representative or field application engineer
(FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of
sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document.

Technical support is available through the web site at: http://support.microchip.com.

DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

Revision A (July 2009)

• Initial Release of this Document.

Revision B (October 2010)

• Minor grammatical changes throughout document. No technical information has
changed.

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845 B-page 7

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

NOTES:

DS51845B-page 8  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

1.1 OVERVIEW

The MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs system provides the ability to
evaluate the performance of the MCP3901 dual channel ADC. It also provides a
development platform for 16-bit PIC
Plug-in Module (PIM) systems compatible with the Explorer 16 and other high pin count
PIC MCU demo boards. The system comes with programmed dsPIC33FJ256GP710
PIM modules that communicate with the LabVIEW™ software GUI for data exchange
and ADC setup.

1.1.1 Feature Highlights

• Dual ADC MCP3901 output display using serial communication to PC software

• Simultaneous 4 ksps at 90 dB SINAD and top speed of 55 ksps performance on

• System and ADC performance analysis through graphical PC tools showing noise

• Robust hardware design with analog grounding and analog/digital separation,

• PICtail™ Plus connectors for Explorer 16 daughter board compatibility

MCP3901 ADC EVALUATION BOARD

FOR 16-BIT MCUs USER’S GUIDE

Chapter 1. Hardware Description

®

MCU-based applications, using existing 100-pin

interface

dual MCP3901 channels

histogram, frequency domain (FFT), time domain scope plot, and statistical
numerical analysis

allowing low noise evaluation of MCP3901 devices. Separate power supplies and
power planes – 4 layer board

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B-page 9

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

PIM (100-PIN)

PIC18F86J65

MCP3901

EXT +5V

SRAM

EXT +5V
+9V IN
USB

CH0+

CH0-

GND

CH1+

CH1-

GND

+

G

-

+

G

-

+

-

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs

PIM RESET

SW2

SW3

SW4

PIC18 AUX I/O

PIC18 EXTERNAL I/O

MCP3901

Digital I/O

9V EXT. IN

USB

PWR LED

(Blue)

RA9

RA10
+5V
REG

+3V
REG

PICtail™ Plus

PIC18 ICD

PIC18 ICD

Serial Connector

FIGURE 1-1: MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs.

DS51845B-page 10  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

Hardware Description

CONTROL SWITCHES (X3)

CH0+

CH0-

CH1+

CH1-

AVDD

AGND

OSC1

MCP3901

MDAT0

SDI

SDO

RA5

RA4

SCK1/RF6

SDO1/RF8

SDI1/RF7

RB8/9/10

PIM Module

SCK

OSC2

OC1/RD0

RA9/10

D6 D7

(Green)

RF3/U1TX

RF2/U1RX

UART SERIAL TO PC COMMUNICATION

MDA T1

RESET

DR
CS

SPI Serial

Interface

Delta Sigma
Multi-Level
Modulator

Delta Sigma
Multi-Level
Modulator

PGA

PGA

+

+

-

-

INT
V

REF

Clock Generation/
Phase Correction

Current Boost

Circuit

Modulator

Output

Translation

Block

SINC3

Digital Filter

SINC3

Digital Filter

DGND DVDD

INT3/RA4

IC4/RD11
IC3/RD10

1.2 PIM MODULE/MCP3901 CONNECTION AND PERIPHERAL USAGE OVERVIEW

The MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs contains a 100-pin PIM socket
compatible with Microchip’s PIM modules. The system comes with 2 PIM modules: the
PIC24FJ128GA010 and dsPIC33FJ256GA710.

A complete description of the firmware programmed with these two modules is
available in Chapter 1. “Hardware Description”.

FIGURE 1-2: Digital Connection Overview PIM/MCP3901 Connections.

Ports A, B, and D are used for signals such as push buttons, output LEDs, CS
MCLR

(for MCP3901 data mode setting). Output Capture 1 is used for MCP3901’s

clock generation. Serial communication is achieved through the MSSP module 1.

and

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B-page 11

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

XTAL
XTAL
PIM OC1

CLKIN

CLKIN

CLKOUT

XTAL
XTAL
PIM OC1

CLKIN

CLKIN

CLKOUT

1.3 MCP3901 DELTA-SIGMA SAMPLING/MCLK OPTIONS

The MCP3901 device is an ADC with a second order modulator and a third order sync
filter. This Delta-Sigma A/D converter has an adjustable oversampling ratio. The CLKIN
pin of the MCP3901 is the oversampling clock (MCLK) input. The MCP3901 ADC
Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs offers two different options for the MCP3901 master
clock (MCLK).

1.3.1 Using the Crystal X2

The MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs is populated with a 3.58 MHz
crystal, which is used as a clock source by placing jumpers in the following position on
the MCP3901 Digital I/O header block:

FIGURE 1-3: ADC Clock Selection Jumpers – External Crystal.

1.3.2 Driving the Clock with the PIM Module

The PIC MCU can be used to generate the CLKIN (MCLK) signal for the MCP3901,
setting the ADC sample rate through the use of the output compare module OC1. To
use this, make the following jumper change to the MCP3901 Digital I/O header block:

FIGURE 1-4: ADC Clock Selection Jumpers – Clock from MCU.

The frequency of the OC1 output is based on the PR1 bits settings in the firmware
(for both PIC24 and dsPIC33 PIM modules supplied with this system). The signal
frequency from OC1 can be changed by the user from the PS software by changing the
value in the sampling rate control box. A low number will generate a high frequency sig­nal. The value of the sampling rate, which is directly proportional with the clock
frequency from OC1, is indicated in the sampling speed indicator box in the PC
software (see Figure 3-1) .

DS51845B-page 12  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

1.4 ANALOG INPUT STRUCTURE

SCK2/RG6

SDI2/RG7

SDO2/RG8

SS

2/RG9

USB

RD6/SCK2
RD4/SDO2

RD5/SDI2

PIC18F86J55

RD7/SS

2

ADC

MCP3901

RF6/SCK1

RF7/SDI1

RF8/SDO1

SCK
SDO

SDI

USB

SERIAL

512x8

SRAM

8

I

Two differential input paths allow external signal sources to be easily connected to the
MCP3901 input. Edge connectors JP1 and JP2 are 3-pin connectors that act both as
crew type and clip on post connectors.

Note: To use an edge connector as a post connector, pull up the blue plastic top

to access posts.

JP1 and JP2 can be used to force either channel from a differential to single-ended
configuration. R3 and R4 (on CH0), and R1 and R2 (on CH2) act as locations for
burden resistor connectors for any current transformer inputs.

1.5 UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS (USB)

The MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs also contains a USB connection
for higher speed sampling and data collection. The circuit includes a 512x8 SRAM for
data collection. Figure 1-5 summarizes the connections between the ADC, the two
microcontrollers and memory.

Note: For the MCP3 901 AD C Evalua tion B oard f or 16-B it MCU s rele ase, no USB

firmware is supplied. The PIC18F86J55 is blank and only included for
development purposes.

Hardware Description

FIGURE 1-5: USB Block Diagram.

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B-page 13

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

NOTES:

DS51845B-page 14  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

MCP3901 ADC EVALUATION BOARD

FOR 16-BIT MCUs USER’S GUIDE

Chapter 2. Firmware

2.1 DSPIC33 FIRMWARE DESCRIPTION

2.1.1 Reset and Initialization

After reset, the global variables ConfigHValue, ConfigLVa lue, GainValue , and
StatusComValue are wr itten to 0x00. These variables will be written with values

received from the PC, to set up the MCP3901 as required. Next, the Initializ ation()
function is called to set up the dsPIC33. First, interrupt nesting is configured in order to
disable the user interrupts by putting the MCU priority at 7 (maximum). External interrupt
3 is enabled on the positive edge. The INT3 interrupt is enabled but the priority is set to 6.
Since it is lower than 7, it will not be active until the MCU priority is decreased to less than

6. The MCU uses the FRC (7.37 MHz) with PLL. The clock on the MCU will be 80 MHz,
the maximum frequency for dsPIC33, at which the computing power is 40 MIPS.

Timer2 is placed on the Output Compare 1 pin (OC1), and is used to generate the
master clock (MCLK) for the MCP3901. In addition, some initial values are set up for
the MCP3901 clock frequency. Timer5 is configured (but not active), and the interrupt
is disabled. The user can enable it for different applications. The SPI peripheral is
configured, but the interrupt is disabled. The SPI interrupt will be enabled in code to
establish the communication between MCU and MCP3901. The UART is used to send
and receive data from the PC at a speed of 115200 baud. Timer8 and Timer9 are
configured to create a 32-bit timer that runs at maximum speed. It is used to measure
the time needed to fill the data buffer, so it measures the sampling speed of the
MCP3901.

After the execution of the Initialization() function, the MCP3901 is configured
with values given by a set of functions especially developed for the MCP3901
configuration. In this case, this step is not necessary because the MCP3901 will update
its configuration using data from the PC GUI. These functions are helpful for users to
develop applications that do not involve a PC to configure the MCP3901.

For example, AddressLoop(NONE) is used to select the loop on specific registers
groups and types. DRHIZ(ON) will allow the data ready pulse to be present at the
output of the MCP3901 even if there is no pull-up resistor. SetGain(1,1) configures
the gain of both channels at 1. A list of all configuration functions are found in the
firmware file, main.c, starting at line 345.

It is important to have interrupts disabled during this configuration. Only after the
MCP3901 is configured using the functions described, can the interrupts be enabled.
In this case, it is done by decreasing the CPU priority to 3.

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B-page 15

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

External Interrupt 3 Detected

Clear External Interrupt 3 Flag

Disable External Interrupt 3

Enable SPI1 Interrupt

Tight to GND CS to Select MCP3901

Turn ON Red LED

If CCT = 0

(If true, follows the reading of

the ADC results)

If CCT = 1

(If true, follows the reading of

the ADC configuration

registers)

NO

Send on SPI 0b00000001

(Read Address 0 – CH0 MSB)

Send on SPI 0b00001101

(Read Address 6 – ModOut)

YES

YES

Exit External Interrupt 3

2.2 DATA ACQUISITION

The end of a conversion is indicated with a short high pulse on the Data Ready (DR)
pin of the ADC. The DR pin is connected to the External Interrupt 3 pin and is used for
detecting the end of a conversion on MCP3901. In the INT3 interrupt, the SPI interrupt
is activated and the first transmission on the SPI is initiated. The SPI communication
that follows can be a read of the ADC conversion register or the Configuration register.
CCT = 0 is a read of the ADC Conversion register, and CCT = 1 is a read of the
MCP3901 Configuration register. It is possible to read the ADC conversion registers
and MCP3901 configuration registers at the same time, but due to transfer volume and
its impact on speed, this will prevent achieving a high sampling rate. SPI communica­tion is always in 8-bit mode.

FIGURE 2-1: INT3 Flowchart.

An SPI interrupt takes place after each successful data transfer between master and
slave on the SPI. As with any interrupt, the first thing to do is to clear the interrupt flag;
otherwise, a new interrupt will occur without reason. The CCSPI global value is the
counter that indicates if the SPI transfer that is occuring is the first, the second, etc.
After saving the samples into the MCU, SPI communication is disabled by setting CS
high. If CCT was ‘0’, then the data that comes from the MCP3901 is ADC conversion
data and will be converted from 3 bytes into an unsigned long number. This 24-bit value
will be saved into the current or voltage buffers.

DS51845B-page 16  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

Firmware

SPI1 Transfer Interrupt

Clear Flag;

Read SPI1BUF;

Read Address Loop Bits from

If Address Loop =

NONE?

Send 12 transfers on the SPI to read the content of the 6

registers that are holding the ADC result;

Compute the 24-bit value for each channel and save it in

voltage and current buffers;

At the first sample, read start timer 32-bit Timer8:9;

At the read of the last sample, read the Timer8:9 content

(for sampling speed measurement)

Send 6 transfers on the SPI to read the content of the 6

registers that are holding the ADC result;

Compute the 24-bit value for each channel and save it in

voltage and current buffers;

At the first sample read, start timer 32-bit Timer8:9;

At the read of the last sample, read the Timer8:9 content

(for sampling speed measurement)

YES NO

Read Modulator Output reg ister ;

Read Phase register;

Read Gain register;

Read Status register;
Read Configuration High register;
Read Configuration Low register

Read Modulator Output register;

Read Phase register;

Read Gain register;

Read Status register;

Read Configuration High register;

Read Configuration Low register

Disable SPI interrupt;

Enable UART TX interrupt;

Sent the char 0d33 on UART

Exit SPI Interrupt

Status Registr

When the first sample is written in the buffer, the 32-bit timer created using Timer8 and
9, begins counting from 0. When the last sample is written into the buffer, the 32-bit
timer is read. The value indicated will be used to compute the sampling speed.

If the CCT is 1, then the data read from the MCP3901 will be the configuration data.
This will be saved in MCU in other global variables, used later to send this info to the
PC GUI.

After the SPI communication completes, the SPI interrupt will be disabled and the
UART TX interrupt will be enabled. The first character sent on UART is char 33; this is
the header of the UART communication protocol that is adopted here.

FIGURE 2-2: SPI Routine Flowchart.

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B-page 17

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

2.3 UART COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL

The MCU uses the UART to send and receive data to the PC. The TX and RX interrupts
are not used simultaneously in this firmware example, but it is possible to do so, if the
user requires it.

As soon as the buffer is filled with data from the ADC, the SPI interrupt is disabled, and
the TX interrupt is enabled. There are more types of data to be sent from the MCU to
the PC. The first to be sent is the data stored in the buffers. Before being sent, each
number is translated to ASCII characters that represent the number stored in the buffer.
The start of the buffer data transmissions is acknowledged by transmitting the
character: “!”.

The numbers in the current buffer are comma delimited, and each row ends with the
characters “0x0D”. After 512 rows, the buffer data transmission is complete, which is
signaled by sending out the character “D”.

Next, the data regarding the MCP3901 configuration and sampling speed is sent out.
After a total of 35 characters are sent, the MCP3901 configuration data is fully trans­mitted, which is signaled by sending the character “;” to the PC. This character also
signals that the result of an FFT computation will be sent out next.

In the last UART TX interrupt, the TX interrupt is disabled and the RX interrupt is
enabled. Through the RX interrupt, the MCU will receive the configuration for the
MCP3901 desired by the user. The protocol is simple. The first character received must
be “D” from configuration data. Following this character will be the values of 6 registers:
PHASE, GAIN, CONFIGH, CONFIGL, STATUS, PPREG8. The first 5 registers can
hold values from 0 to 255, so they are made up of a maximum 3 characters. If the equiv­alent number is less than 100, the first character will be the space character (“ ”), not
zero. The PREG8 register is a 16-bit register inside the MCU that controls the fre­quency of the clock signal from OC1, which controls the sampling speed of the
MCP3901. Since it is a 16-bit register, the number of characters that create the correct
value is 5.

DS51845B-page 18  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

Firmware

UART TX Interrupt

contrd<=512?

Get CH0 sample from current[contrd];

Change Long into 8 digit string;

write character “,” to val[8];

Get CH1 samples from voltage[contrd];

Change the value in 8 digit string;

Write char CR to val[17]

YES

contrd=513?

NO

YES

Send char “D”;

Increment contrd

NO

contrd2<=17?

Send val[contrd2];
Increment contrd2

contrd2=0;

Increment contrd

YES

NO

contrd=514?

Transform MODr from

byte in 3 chars;

Transform PHASEr

from byte in 3 chars;

Transform GAINr from

byte in 3 chars;

Transform STATUSr

form byte in 3 chars

Transform CONFIGHr

from byte in 3 chars;

Transform CONFIGLr

from byte in 3 chars;

Transform Timer8

from int in 5 chars;

Transform Timer9

form int in 5 chars

YES

Contrd2<=35?

Send one char to PC

Increment contrd2

YESContrd2=36?

NO

Reset contrd2;

Increment contrd

contrd=515?

NO

Sent to PC char “;”;

Increment contrd

YES

Contrd<=515+REAL_N?

Transform the FFT result of

the voltage channel from

5 chars;

Transform the FFT result of

the current channel from

5 chars;

(IN CURRENT FIRMWARE

FFT IS NOT COMPUTED)

Contrd2<=11?

Sent char to PC;

Increment contrd2

NO

YES

YES

Reset contrd2;

Increment contrd

NO

Contrd==515+

REAL_N+1?

NO

Disable UART TX interrupt;

Contrd=515+REAL_N+2;

Enable UART RX interrupt

YES

Exit UART TX Interrupt

NO

int to

int to

FIGURE 2-3: Serial Transmission Flowchart.

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B-page 19

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

NOTES:

DS51845B-page 20  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

MCP3901 ADC EVALUATION BOARD

Chapter 3. MCP3901 PC Software Tool

3.1 SOFTWARE OVERVIEW

The MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs includes a PC Graphical User
Interface (GUI) that performs:

• ADC configuration

• Data analysis for easier system debugging

• Device evaluation
Figure 3-1 shows a sample of the software’s GUI.

FOR 16-BIT MCUs USER’S GUIDE

FIGURE 3-1: MCP3901 Data View Interface.

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B-page 21

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

ENOB 16 log

2



–=

3.2 SETTING THE CONFIGURATION OF THE ADC

The MCP3901 Data View sets up the configuration registers of the MCP3901 by putting
the desired value on the “Write Registers” tab. Usually, it takes a few seconds to update
the MCP3901 configuration. T o learn the configuration of the MCP3901 without chang­ing it, click on the “Read Registers” tab and the same image as in “Write Registers” will
display. The difference is that the controls will be indicators, and the user cannot
change the values, but can only read the setup of the MCP3901.

3.3 CONNECTIVITY AND RECORDING LENGTH

The PC is connected to the MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs through
the RS232 cable. It is important to have a COM port on the PC. It is also possible to
use a USB to RS232 adaptor cable, but the user will need to note the number of the
virtual COM port. To do this, right click on My computer > Manage > Device Manager
> Port (COM and LPT), and read the number in parenthesis after the device name. The
COM port number must be selected in the “VISA Resource Name” field.

The MCU sends a large package of data to the PC. If the user only needs to see a small
part of the buffer, define the desired buffer length in the “Buffer Length” field. The
maximum length is 512 samples.

The average control can be used to view the impact of averaging over the ADC
accuracy. The number of points in the waveform graph will be less than the number
written in the “Buffer Length” control by a ratio equal with the value of the average. A
value equal to zero will cause an error. A value of ‘1’ means that no averaging is done.

When the program is opened for the first time, the value from the controls will have
some default values. The user must set up the communication port before starting the
acquisition by pressing the START button. To stop the acquisition, press the STOP but­ton. Close the MCP3901 Data View application by clicking the “X” in the upper right
corner of the window.

3.4 SCOPE PLOT WINDOW - TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS

The recorded samples from a buffer are indicated on the “Waveform Graphs” screens.
The size of the X axis is given by the number written in the “Buffer Length” field. On the
Y axis, the LSBs are indicated. To scale the time axis, it is necessary to modify either
the buffer length (the number of points indicated in the waveform graph), or to change
the sampling rate of the ADC.

The sampling rate of the ADC can be changed from the “Sampling Speed Control” box.
Writing a small value will achieve a high sampling rate. The correct value of the sam­pling rate is indicated in the “Sampling Speed Indicator”. The highest sampling speed
that can be obtained is 55 ksps by setting: OSR = 32, Addr Loop = ALL and Sampling
Speed Control = 5.

3.5 HISTOGRAM WINDOW – NOISE ANALYSIS

For the evaluation of the Effective Number Of Bits (ENOB), the GUI will compute a few
statistical parameters: the mean value, standard deviation, and variance for each chan­nel. These parameters display at the bottom of the GUI, under the Histogram Graph
screens. The formula used for the ENOB in the case of a DC signal is seen in
Equation 3-1, if the application indicates the acquired data on 16 bits.

EQUATION 3-1:

DS51845B-page 22  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

MCP3901 PC Software Tool

ENOB 24 log

2



–=

ENOB

SINAD 1.76–

6.02

----------------------------------=

Use Equation 3-2 if the data is represented on 24 bits.

EQUATION 3-2:

ENOB can also be computed when an AC signal is applied at the input. The formula to
compute ENOB in an AC case is s hown in Equation 3-3.

EQUATION 3-3:

The distribution of noise from the acquired signal displays on the Histogram Graph
screens.These graphs indicate how many times a code was present inside a buffer.

3.6 FFT WINDOW – FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS

The spectrum of the acquired signal is visible in the Signal Spectrum screen. Above
these graphics there is a button that can be used to set the Y axis to be linear or
logarithmic. A logarithmic scale on the Y axis is useful to see the level of low harmonics,
or the noise floor. The length of the FFT is give n by the buffer length and the samplin g
speed. The X axis is scaled directly in Hz units.

Another feature of the software is the window selection for the FFT computation. This
is done from the “Window” fields, in the lower region of the GUI, right above the
Current FFT screens. The user can select from a large number of windows.

Since the GUI performs the spectral analysis of the acquired signal, it is possible to
compute AC performance parameters of the ADC: “THD” and “SINAD” are shown on
the indicators, under the Histog ram Graph scr een s.

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B-page 23

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

NOTES:

DS51845B-page 24  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

Appendix A. Schematics and Layouts

A.1 INTRODUCTION

This appendix contains the following schematics and layouts of the MCP3901 ADC
Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs.

• Schematic - Analog

• Schematic - LCD and UART

• Schematic - USB and Memory

• Schematic - Microcontroller (MCU)

• Schematic - PIM Module

•Schematic - Power

• Board - Top Trace and Top Silk

• Board - Bottom Trace and Bottom Silk

• Board - Layer #2 VDD

• Board - Layer #3 GND

• Board - Top Silk and Pads

• Board - Bottom Silk and Pads

MCP3901 ADC EVALUATION BOARD

FOR 16-BIT MCUs USER’S GUIDE

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B-page 25

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

M

A.2 SCHEMATIC – ANALOG

DS51845B-page 26  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

A.3 SCHEMATIC – LCD AND UART

M

Schematics and Layouts

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B-page 27

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

M

A.4 SCHEMATIC – USB AND MEMORY

DS51845B-page 28  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

Schematics and Layouts

M

A.5 SCHEMATIC – MICROCONTROLLER (MCU)

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B-page 29

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

M

A.6 SCHEMATIC – PIM MODULE

DS51845B-page 30  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

A.7 SCHEMATIC – POWER

M

Schematics and Layouts

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B-page 31

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

MCP3901 ADC Eval Board for 16-bit MCU

A.8 BOARD – TOP TRACE AND TOP SILK

A.9 BOARD – BOTTOM TRACE AND BOTTOM SILK

DS51845B-page 32  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

A.10 BOARD – LAYER #2 VDD

Schematics and Layouts

A.11 BOARD – LAYER #3 GND

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B-page 33

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

MCP3901 ADC Eval Board for 16-bit MCU

A.12 BOARD – TOP SILK AND PADS

A.13 BOARD – BOTTOM TOP SILK AND PADS

DS51845B-page 34  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

MCP3901 ADC EVALUATION BOARD

FOR 16-BIT MCUs USER’S GUIDE

Appendix B. Bill Of Materials (BOM)

TABLE B-1: BILL OF MATERIALS

Qty Reference Description Manufacturer Part Number

30 C11<>C22

C24<>C30
C33, C34,
C35, C36,
C39, C40, C43
C47, C48, C49

C50
2 C2, C6 CAP CER 4.7UF 25V X5R 0805 Murata Electronics GRM21BR61E475KA12L
2 C21, C4 CAP CER 10UF 16V X5R 0805 Murata Electronics GRM21BR61C106KE15L
1 C23 CAP ACITOR T ANT 47UF 6.3V 20%

5 C3, C5, C44

C45, C46
6 C31, C32, C37

C38, C41, C42
4 C7, C8, C9,

C10
2 D1, D6 LED 570NM GRN WHT/DIFF 0603

2 D2, D7 LED RED 470NM CLEAR LENS

1 D3 DIODE SCHOTTKY 20V 0.5A

1 D5 LED BLUE 470NM CLEAR LENS

4 Ea. Conner of

PCB
4 Ea. Conner of

PCB
1 J1 CONN POWERJACK MINI .08" R/A

1 J2 Mini USB Type B Surface Mount SAMTEC MUSB-05-S-B-SM-A
1 J3 CONN D-SUB RCPT R/A 9POS

3 JP1, JP2, JP3 3 X 2 Header 2.54mm on center 6

1 JP4 4 X 2 Header 2.54mm on center 6

1 JP5, P8, JP6 1 1 X 2 Head er 2.54 mm on c enter 6

Note 1:

The components listed in this Bill of Materials are representative of the PCB assembly. The

CAP CER .1UF 25V 10% X7R 0603 Murata Electronics

Kemet® Electronics

SMD
CAP CER .1UF 25V 10% X7R 0805 Murata Electronics GRM21BR71E104KA01L

CAP CER 18PF 50V 5% C0G 0603 Murata Electronics

CAP CER 68000PF 50V C0G 1206 Murata Electronics GRM31C5C1H683JA01L

SMD

(0603 Red)

SOD123

(0603 Blue)
STANDOFF HEX .500/4-40THR

NYLON
SCREW MACH PHIL 4-40X3/8

NYLON

T/H

15GOLD

mm/2.5mm

mm/2.5mm

mm/2.5mm

Corp.

North America

Rohm SML-512MWT86

PARA LIGHT L-C192KRCT-U1

ON Semiconductor

PARA LIGHT L-C191LBCT-U1

Keystone Electronics

Building Fasteners NY PMS 440 0038 PH

Switchcraft Inc. RAPC722X

®

Tyco

Electronics Amp 1734354-2

SAMTEC TSW-103-07-G-D

SAMTEC TSW-104-07-G-D

SAMTEC TSW-111-07-G-D

released BOM used in manufacturing uses all RoHS-compliant components.

®

GRM188R71E104KA01D

T491A476M006AT

GRM1885C1H180JA01D

®

MBR0520LT1G

®

1902C

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B-page 35

MCP3901 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-Bit MCUs User’s Guide

TABLE B-1: BILL OF MATERIALS (CONTINUED)

Qty Reference Description Manufacturer Part Number

1 L1 Shielded 10uH Power Inductor

0805

1 LCD2 16X2 FTN Reflective No. BLWT

COG 3V
4 MOD1 25 X 1 Header 1.27mm on center SAMTEC MTMS-125-01-G-S-230
1 P1, P2 CONN TERM BLK PLUG 6A

3.5MM 3POS

1 P3 CONN TERM BLK PLUG 6A

3.5MM 2POS

1 P3 TERM BLK PIN HEADER 24Pin

Pos One 24 Pin Header is enough

for 3 Boadrs
1 P5 10 X 2 Header 2.54m m on center 6

mm/2.5mm
1 PCB RoHS Compliant Bare PCB,

MCP3901 Eval Board for 16-bit

MCU
4R13, R19

R23, R30

8 R14, R20, R24

R3, R32, R33
R36, R37

3 R15, R21, R73 RES 10.0K OHM 1/10W 1% 0603

1 R16 RES 1.30K OHM 1/10W 1% 0603

2 R22, R26 RES 0.0 OHM 1/10W 5% 0603

2 R27, R28 RES 2.20K OHM 1/10W 1% 0603

3 R34, R40, R51 RES 1.00M OHM 1/10W 1% 0603

28 R38, R39, R41

R42, R43, R45
R46, R47, R48
R49, R50, R53
R54, R55, R56
R58, R63, R64
R65, R66, R67
R68, R69, R77
R78, R79, R80

7 R44, R70, R71

R72, R74, R75
R76

4R5, R7

R11, R12

2 R59, R60 RES 10.0 OHM 1/8W 1% 0805

4SW1, SW2

SW3, SW4

Note 1:

The components listed in this Bill of Materials are representative of the PCB assembly. The

RES 4.70K OHM 1/10W 1% 0603

SMD

RES 1.00K OHM 1/10W 1% 0603

SMD

SMD

SMD

SMD

SMD

SMD

RES 100 OHM 1/10W 1% 0603

SMD

RES 100K OHM 1/10W 1% 0603

SMD

RES 1.0K OHM .1% 1/4W 0805

SMD

SMD

SWITCH TACT 6MM 230GF

H=4.3MM

released BOM used in manufacturing uses all RoHS-compliant components.

Coilcraft 0805PS-103KLC

TianMa TM162JCAWG1

Keystone Electronics 8723

Keystone Electronics 8722

Keystone Electronics 8724

SAMTEC TSW-110-07-G-D

Microchip Technology
Inc.

Rohm MCR03EZPFX4701

Rohm MCR03EZPFX1001

Rohm MCR03EZPFX1002

Rohm MCR03EZPFX1301

Rohm MCR03EZPJ000

Rohm MCR03EZPFX2201

Rohm MCR03EZPFX1004

Rohm MCR03EZPFX1000

Rohm MCR03EZPFX1003

Susumu Co Ltd RGH2012-2E-P-102-B

Rohm MCR10EZHF10R0

Omron Electronics
Inc-ECB Div

104-00221

B3S-1002P

DS51845B-page 36  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.

Bill Of Materials (BOM)

TABLE B-1: BILL OF MATERIALS (CONTINUED)

Qty Reference Description Manufacturer Part Number

1 TP1 Wire Test Point 0.3" Length Component Corporation PJ-202-30
1 U1 IC REG LDO 800MA 5.0V SOT-223 N ational Se miconductor LM1117MP-5.0/NOPB
1 U2 IC PIC USB MCU FLASH 48KX16

80TQFP

1 U3 IC REG LDO 800MA 3.3V SOT-223 National

1 U4 IC ENERGY METER 24SSOP Microchip Technology

1 U5 IC SRAM 4MB ASYNC 44-TSOPII ISSI, Integrated Silicon

1 U6 IC DRVR/RCVR MLTCH RS232

20TSSOP

1 U8 2.7V Voltage Supervisor SOT-23-3 Microchip Technology

1 X1 CRYSTAL 48.0000MHZ 10PF SMD Abracon Corporation ABM3B-48.000MHZ-10-1-U-T
1 X2 CRYSTAL 3.579545MHZ

18PFFUND SMD

1 X3 CRYSTAL 7.3728MHZ 18PF FUND

SMD

Note 1:

The components listed in this Bill of Materials are representative of the PCB assembly. The
released BOM used in manufacturing uses all RoHS-compliant components.

Microchip PIC18F86J55-I/PT

Semiconductor

Inc.

Solution Inc
Texas Instruments SN75C3223PW

Inc.

Abracon Corporation ABLS-3.579545MHZ-B2-T

Abracon Corporation ABLS-7.3728MHZ-B2-T

®

LM1117MP-3.3/NOPB

MCP3901-I/SS

IS61LV5128AL-10TLI

MCP130T-270I/TT

TABLE B-2: BILL OF MATERIALS — COMPONENTS NOT INSTALLED

Qty Reference Description Manufacturer Part Number

J4 DO NOT INSTALL

120-pin MINI EDGE CARD

SOCKET
1 LCD1 DO NOT INSTALL — —
1 P9 DO NOT INSTALL — —
13 R1, R2, R3,

R4 R6, R8,
R9, R10, R17,
R18, R25

R29, R35
1 U7 DO NOT INSTALL — —
Note 1: Th e compo nent s li sted i n this Bi ll of M ateria ls are repres ent ative of the PCB ass embly. The released BOM

used in manufacturing uses all RoHS-compliant components.

DO NOT INSTALL — —

SAMTEC MEC1-160-02-L-D-A

 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51845B-page 37

Worldwide Sales and Service

AMERICAS

Corporate Office

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Web Address:

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Kokomo

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Los Angeles

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Suites 3707-14, 37th Floor
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China - Zhuhai

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ASIA/PACIFIC

India - Bangalore

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

India - New Delhi

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

India - Pune

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Japan - Yokohama

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Korea - Daegu

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Korea - Seoul

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone] or
82-2-558-5934

Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Malaysia - Penang

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Philippines - Manila

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Singapore

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Tai wan - Hsin Chu

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Taiwan - Kaohsiung

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Taiwan - Taipei

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Thailand - Bangkok

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

EUROPE

Austria - Wels

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Denmark - Copenhagen

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

France - Paris

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Germany - Munich

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Italy - Milan

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Netherlands - Drunen

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Spain - Madrid

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

UK - Wokingham

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

08/04/10

DS51845B-page 38  2010 Microchip Technology Inc.