Microchip Technology G2M5477 Users manual

G2M5477

Preliminary Data Sheet

Document Version 0.14a

Disclaimer

About this Data Sheet

While the information provided in this document is believed to be accurate, it is under development and G2 Microsystems reserves the right to make changes without further notice to the product described herein to improve reliability, function, or design, and makes no guarantee or warranty concerning the accuracy of said information, nor shall it be responsible for any loss or damage of whatever nature resulting from the use of, or reliance upon, such information. G2 Microsystems makes no warranties of any kind, whether express, implied or arising by custom or course of trade or performance, and specifically disclaims the implied warranties of title, non infringement, merchant

ability, or of fitness for a particular purpose.

No part of this document may be copied, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photographic, or otherwise, or used as the basis for manufacture or sale of any items without the prior written consent of G2 Micro

systems.

Trademarks

G2 Microsystems and the G2 logo are trademarks of G2 Microsystems. Wi-Fi, WMM and Wi-Fi Alliance are regis tered trademarks of the Wi-Fi Alliance. G2 Microsystems is a member of the Wi-Fi alliance. Other trademarks in this document belong to their respective companies.

Document Number: DS-0008

Icon Version: 0.1.0

Release Date: February 2009.

This document is intended for:

z Icon developers planning to use a host processor

to communicate with the G2M5477 Icon software over a serial interface.

z G2M5477 developers planning to develop custom

applications for the module.

This document provides preliminary information on the G2M5477 Module from G2 Microsystems. Separate documents should be read in conjunction with this data sheet.

Icon developers should read the Icon Programmer's

Reference Manual

[1] and the Icon API Reference, [2].

G2M5477 developers should read the G2C547

Programmer's Reference Manual

[3], and G2C547 Appli-

cation Programming Interface Reference [4] documents.

See Chapter 13, References, for details of reference documents.

Organization

This data sheet is organized into the following chapters:

z Chapter 1, General Description – overview

z Chapter 2, Features – features and benefits

z Chapter 3, Block Diagram

system-level description

z Chapter 4, Functional Description

z Chapter 5, Interface, Connections and Mechanical

z Chapter 6, Electrical Specifications – absolute

maximum ratings, operating conditions, power consumption, and package thermal data

z Chapter 7, RF Performance

z Chapter 8, Firmware Features

z Chapter 9, Application Information

z Chapter 10, Qualification

z Chapter 11, Design Guidelines

Contacting us

Via email: info@g2microsystems.com

Via the web: www.g2microsystems.com

z Chapter 12, Development Kit

z Chapter 13, References

z Chapter 15, Revision History and Glossary

document history, and acronyms, abbreviations, and units of measure used in this data sheet

G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet

Contents

1 General Description ............................. 4

2 Features ................................................ 5

2.1 Benefits ................................................................5

3 Block Diagram ...................................... 6

3.1 Power ..................................................................7

3.2 System Power States ..........................................7

3.2.1 Asleep (low-power) ............................................................. 7

3.2.2 Awake ................................................................................. 7

3.2.3 Dozing ................................................................................. 7

3.2.4 Waking Up ........................................................................... 7

3.2.5 Force Awake ....................................................................... 7

3.3 Module Resets ..................................................... 7

3.3.1 Brownout Detection ............................................................. 8

3.3.2 EMC Resilience (IEC 61000-4-2) ........................................ 8

4 Functional Description ........................ 9

4.1 PMU and NVM .....................................................9

4.2 The CPU .............................................................. 9

4.2.1 General Purpose I/O ........................................................... 9

4.3 Wi-Fi Network Interface .......................................9

4.3.1 Wi-Fi MAC/PHY ................................................................ 10

4.3.2 Cryptographic Accelerator ................................................. 10

4.3.3 2.4 GHz Radio ................................................................... 10

4.4 Sensor Interface ................................................ 10

4.5 Magnetic Receiver .............................................10

4.6 RFID (EPC) Transceiver ....................................10

4.7 Serial Interfaces ................................................. 11

4.7.1 User UART ........................................................................ 11

4.7.2 DMA UART ....................................................................... 11

4.7.3 SPI Master ........................................................................ 11

4.7.4 SDIO Client ....................................................................... 11

4.8 Power Supplies .................................................. 11

4.8.1 3.3V Voltage Regulation ................................................... 11

4.8.2 Use with Supercapacitors ................................................. 12

5 Interface, Connections and Mechanical 13

5.1 Pin Types ...........................................................13

5.2 G2M5477 Module Pins ...................................... 13

5.3 Pin Grouping ...................................................... 15

5.4 Physical Dimensions ......................................... 17

6 Electrical Specifications .....................18

6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings .............................. 18

6.2 Recommended Operating Conditions ............... 18

6.3 Package Thermal Specifications ....................... 18

6.4 Digital Pin Parameters ...................................... 19

6.5 Control Signal Parameters ................................ 19

6.6 Power Consumption .......................................... 19

6.6.1 Asleep ............................................................................... 19

6.6.2 Awake ............................................................................... 20

6.6.3 Wakeup Timing and Energy Considerations ..................... 20

6.7 Sensor Interface ................................................ 20

6.8 External Power Supplies ................................... 20

7 RF Performance ..................................21

7.1 2.4 GHz Radio .... .............................................. . 21

7.1.1 2.4 GHz Synthesizer .......................................................... 21

7.1.2 Wi-Fi Receiver ................................................................... 21

7.1.3 Wi-Fi Transmitter ............................................................... 21

8 Firmware Features ..............................22

9 Application Information ......................23

10 Qualification ........................................24

11 Design Guidelines ...............................25

12 Development Kit ..................................26

13 References ...........................................27

13.1 Icon Developers ................................................ 27

13.2 G2M5477 Developers ....................................... 27

13.3 MDK Users ........................................................ 27

13.4 Standards and Excellence ................................ 27

14 Compliance ..........................................29

14.1 FCC Compliance ............................................... 29

14.1.1 Troubleshooting ................................................................ 29

14.1.2 Conditions ......................................................................... 29

14.1.3 Markings ............................................................................ 29

14.1.4 FCC Warning .................................................................... 29

15 Revision History and Glossary ..........30

G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet

General Description

1 General Description

The G2M5477 is a complete Wi-Fi and networking solution incorporating an RF power amplifier and antenna, a 32-bit CPU, operating system, TCP/IP network stack, crypto accelerator, power management subsystem, realtime clock and versatile sensor interface. The module enables designers to rapidly embed Wi-Fi and networking functionality into virtually any device. It is compatible with standard pick-and-place equipment.

Ultra-low power usage and flexible power management maximize lifetime in battery-operated devices. A wide operating temperature range allows use in indoor and outdoor environments.

G2M5477 developers have access to feature-rich analog and digital interfaces that allow for straightforward connection of environmental sensors and external control.

The G2M5477 is suitable for applications in areas such as:

z Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS)

z Wireless Audio

z Industrial and Home Automation

z Health and Fitness Monitoring

z Te le m et r y

z Security

As the module is capable of independently maintaining a low-power wireless network connection, the G2M5477 is suitable for Wi-Fi enabled remote controls, headphones, portable Internet radios, toys and other battery-operated devices. Even in mains-powered devices, the G2M5477 provides cost and time-to-market benefits as a selfcontained Internet-enabling solution. It can communicate data over any existing Wi-Fi infrastructure using industry standard protocols. The G2M5477 has an operating temperature range from -30°C to +85°C.

The G2M5477 comes pre-programmed with Icon, a fullfeatured application that provides a host microcontroller with access to Wi-Fi and networking functionality via a serial communication interface. G2 provides the complete source for a host driver. With a few simple API calls to the driver, a host microcontroller can use the module to connect to a Wi-Fi network and communicate data via standard internet protocols.

Alternatively, G2M5477 developers can build applications using the G2C547 API, which provides lower level access to the RFID and sensor capabilities of the module.

At the core of the module is the G2C547 SoC, which includes a SPARC V8 processor, and on-board ROM containing the eCos operating system, LWIP TCP/IP protocol suite, security software and hardware drivers.

The module includes 8Mbits of flash memory. On reset, the G2C547 loads an application from flash memory into on-board RAM and executes the program. G2M5477 developers are provided with at least 64Kbytes of RAM for application code and supporting data structures.

The host to module UART interface runs at 115200 bps by default. Ten GPIO ports provide general purpose digital input and output. The GPIO ports can be driven by the CPU or mapped for other purposes. Eight sensor pins provide analog input and output, allowing the connection of external sensors and outputs from internal sources such as the auxiliary DAC.

The module provides an internal Wi-Fi antenna and provides a U.FL connection for an external antenna.

When in low-power sleep mode the module minimizes battery usage, but is still able to respond to certain events, including internal timers and events on the sensor and RFID interfaces. Applications that make efficient use of the sleep state can extend battery life to multiple years.

When awake, the module can run multi-threaded eCos applications and exchange data via the Wi-Fi interface.

The G2M5477 can interface to an inexpensive 8- or 16-bit microprocessor, reducing the system cost of applications with moderate processing requirements.

The G2M5477 is ideal for the vast range of applications that require long battery life, moderate processing power, moderate data throughput and occasional Wi-Fi connec

tivity.

The G2M5477 is certifiable for FCC modular approval for use in the Unites States, and CE approval for use in Europe and other countries (certification expected by February 2009).

The G2M5477 module has been designed to provide designers with a simple Wi-Fi solution: ease of integration and programming, vastly reduced development time, minimum system cost, long battery life and maximum value in a range of applications.

G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet

Features

2 Features

Wi-Fi

• Complete 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.11b/g Wi-Fi transceiver

• 802.11i security suite with WEP-40, WEP-104, WPAv1-PSK, WPA2-PSK, and WPA transitional modes

• High throughput - 4 Mbit/s sustained TCP/IP with WPA2

• Wi-Fi certifiable with support for WPA2 Enterprise, WMM QoS and WMM Power Save

CPU

• User-programmable 32-bit SPARC V8 clocked at 44 MHz

• On-board ROM contains eCos operating system, LWIP TCP/IP suite, security software and drivers

Interfaces

• Up to 10 general-purpose I/Os (GPIOs)

• SPI master, SDIO client (with SD-SPI slave mode), and UART interfaces

EMC Resilient

• IEC-61000-4-2: unattended recovery from EMC shocks in hostile electromagnetic environments

RFID (EPC) and RTLS

• EPCglobal Class 1 Generation-2 transceiver, with both read and write capability

• ISO 24730-2 compliant 2.4GHz DSSS transmitter and FSK magnetic receiver

Protocols

• Supports Cisco CCX-tag protocols

• Supports Internet protocols including UDP, TCP and HTTP via the included LWIP stack

Sensor Interface

• 14-bit ADC offering 35us conversion time with 0.01% linearity for analog transducers such as temperature and humidity sensors

• Auxiliary 8-bit DAC

• Low-power interface for monitoring push-buttons, accelerometers, security seals and motion sensors

Power Usage and Management

• Ultra-low-power sleep state, in which a range of wake reasons can be detected

• Keep alive doze state with instant transition to wake state

• On-board power regulators operate from alkaline, lithium manganese, lithium iron disulphide and other battery types

• Transitions from asleep to CPU-active in 1.7ms; CPU active to network connection in less than 35ms (typ)

• Consumes 4uA current when asleep, 90mW power with Wi-Fi enabled

Physical

• Operates from -30°C to +85°C

• Available in trays suitable for standard pick-and-place machines

• Physical dimensions: 20mm x 37mm x 3.7 mm

Software

• Includes Icon software providing a serial-API UART interface to a wide range of functions, including secure Wi-Fi authentication and network operations such as DHCP, DNS, UDP and TCP/IP.

2.1 Benefits

• Multi-year battery life

• Industry-leading Wi-Fi power consumption

• Design is complete, avoiding RF design and layout issues

• Ships pre-calibrated and pre-tested, avoiding expensive NRE for calibration and production test procedures

• Uses existing Wi-Fi and EPC RFID infrastructure for low TCO

• Hosted architecture - For G2M5477 developers, a full network stack on-board enables development of a low system-cost wireless internet product

• Supports a client architecture with an external 8- or 16-bit host microcontroller for shortest development time and lowest system cost

• Pre-loaded with Icon software offering simple Wi-Fi connectivity

G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet

Block Diagram

2.4GHz Tx (802.11)

Sensors: optional

external

components for

motion detection,

temperature

measurement,

magnetic receiver,

etc.

Flash

memory

1.3V Domain

CPU

RAM

Crypto

accelerator

ROM

AO Domain

3.3V Domain

Crystal Oscillator

1.3V Power Supply

3.3V Power Supply

40 MHz Oscillator

2.4 GHz Radio

2.4 GHz PA

PMU

G2C547

ISO 24730-2

2KB NVM

2.4GHz Rx (802.11)

ADC

Mag Rx

Timers

32.768 kHz Xtal

40 MHz Xtal

Battery

GPIO

I/O

EPC/RFID

Sensor

Interface

SDIO

SPI

G2M5477

GPIO

inc

User

UART

3V3 Boost

Enable

On-board

antenna

Optional external antenna

through U.FL connector

3V3 Boost

Regulator

1V3 Buck

Regulator

Sensor

power

DMA_ UART_TX

DMA_ UART_RX

SPI-

master

interface

802.11b/g MAC/PHY

3 Block Diagram

Figure 3-1: G2M5477 Architecture

The core of the G2M5477 module is the G2C547 chip, designed with three separate power domains to provide lower power consumption and flexible power management. A single battery, via on-board voltage regulation, supplies power to the three parts of the chip as shown in

1. The Always On (“AO”) domain is continuously

2. The 1.3V domain is powered as required from a buck

Figure 3-1:

powered, and provides a small number of essential functions which are always available.

regulator, and provides the core functionality of the G2M5477.

3. The 3.3V domain is powered as required, from a boost regulator or directly from the battery, and supplies the I/O pins, supply outputs and the 2.4GHz power amplifier.

When only the AO is powered, the module is asleep. When the 1.3V domain is also powered, the module is awake. The 3.3V domain is enabled only when the module is awake.

For more details of the chip architecture, see the G2C547 Datasheet,

[5].

G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet

Block Diagram

3.1 Power

The G2M5477 can be powered by an external regulator or a range of batteries. The module includes a 3.3V Boost Regulator, for use with batteries that supply a voltage lower than 3.0V.

3.2 System Power States

The G2M5477 operates in one of two main power states: asleep, in which the module has limited functionality (enough to detect wake events) but very low battery drain, and awake, in which all of the functionality of the module is available (in particular the operating system, eCos, is running) and battery drain is higher. Additionally, while awake the CPU can put itself into a doze state, where the

1.3V domain stays up, but the CPU clock is suspended (until a wake event happens).

3.2.1 Asleep (low-power)

When asleep, only the AO domain is powered, and the PMU controls operation. This is the low-power state of the G2M5477, in which it draws only microwatts of power. The CPU and all other components of the 1.3V domain are unavailable (and do not maintain their internal state). Within the AO domain, the RFID and Magnetic receivers can be enabled as required, at the expense of increased power consumption.

The functions available when asleep are simple - mostly detecting reasons to wake the CPU:

z decrement timers and detect expiry

z detect state change of the switch sensors

z monitor the sampled comparator and detect when

external parameters pass preset thresholds

z detect motion via the motion sensor

z receive and act on magnetic receiver data

z receive and act on RFID reader commands

z respond to assertion of the FORCE_AWAKE pin

z respond to battery brownout (low voltage)

z respond to IEC-61000-4-2 EMC events

from Flash memory. At this point all functionality of the module is available, in addition to that available when asleep. The module can:

z Load and execute programs from flash memory

z Use the Wi-Fi radio

z Read and write flash memory

z Read and write NVM

z Encrypt and decrypt data

z Go to sleep

z Transmit ISO 24730-2 data (DSSS and FSK/OOK)

z Take measurements using the sensor interface

z Use the GPIO, SPI, SDIO, and UART interfaces

z Configure PMU: RFID, mag receiver, sensors, etc.

3.2.3 Dozing

When awake, the module may doze - in which the 1.3V domain remains powered but the CPU is not clocked. The module uses less power in this state than when awake, and can respond very quickly to interrupt sources (the module wakes from doze in 45ns, compared to milli

seconds to wake from sleep). All memory and register contents are preserved while the module is dozing.

Section 6.6, Power Consumption shows the power used by the module in each of these states.

3.2.4 Waking Up

A wake event received when the module is asleep wakes the module. When a wake event occurs, the CPU boots the eCos operating system from ROM, loads an appli

cation from flash memory and executes it.

3.2.5 Force Awake

For debugging and development, the G2M5477 may be ‘forced awake’ by asserting the FORCE_AWAKE pin for at least 245us. This generates a non-maskable wake-event. While the FORCE_AWAKE pin remains asserted the module is prevented from sleeping or dozing.

3.3 Module Resets

3.2.2 Awake

When awake, the 1.3V domain is powered (as well as the AO domain), and the 40

MHz oscillator runs. On waking, the module boots the eCos operating system from ROM, after which the CPU loads and executes a user application

The G2M5477 is reset by any of the following events:

• An internal power-on reset, generated automatically when power is supplied. This is intended for initializing the module when a new battery is connected;

• An external power-on reset, generated by pulling the RESET_L pin low;

G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet

Block Diagram

• A software power-on reset, generated from software; or

• A reset triggered by a critical event, which can be:

— a brownout, generated if the supply voltage drops below the

minimum operating voltage; or

— an IEC-61000 EMC consistency failure.

3.3.1 Brownout Detection

The G2M5477 includes a brownout detector to hold the module in reset if the battery voltage falls below the minimum operating voltage.

When the G2M5477 wakes from a brownout-induced shutdown, the cause of the shutdown is indicated to the CPU. The application can then select the appropriate response.

3.3.2 EMC Resilience (IEC 61000-4-2)

The G2M5477 protects a number of critical internal configuration registers with logic to detect corruption from an EMC event. If such an internal inconsistency is detected, a non-maskable critical event resets the module.

G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet

Functional Description

4 Functional Description

The subsystems of the G2M5477 are:

• The Power Management Unit (PMU), which controls the module when asleep and aggregates all interrupts and wake reasons to the CPU whether awake or asleep. The NVM provides always-on memory that is accessible by both the PMU and (when awake) the CPU.

• The CPU, which executes the operating system and user applications, from which the rest of the module is configured and controlled, including the PMU.

• The Wi-Fi interface, including the ISO 24730-2 transmitter

• The cryptographic accelerator

• The ISO 24730-2 magnetic receiver

• The RFID transceiver

• The sensor interface

• The digital interfaces - SPI, SDIO client, User and DMA UART

• Oscillators and power supplies

• IEC-61000-4-2 EMC recovery, and brownout detector

4.1 PMU and NVM

The PMU manages the oscillators and power supplies, controls the G2M5477 when asleep, and aggregates all interrupts to the CPU whether awake or asleep. When asleep, the interrupts collected by the PMU also act as potential wake events - waking the module from sleep.

The PMU monitors wake events from the AO timers, the sensor interface, RFID and the ISO 24730-2 magnetic receiver. Current loop sensors can be used to wake on voltage changes on SDIO or User UART lines. Although the PMU controls the G2M5477 while asleep, and manages the power state transitions between asleep, awake, and doze, its configuration comes from the CPU.

The term NVM is used in this context to refer to memory in the Always On domain. Memory contents are lost when power is disconnected.

An NVM backup is maintained in flash memory and loaded automatically on power-up.

4.2 The CPU

The CPU is a SPARC V8 32-bit design, clocked at 44 MHz.

On waking, the CPU boots the eCos operating system from ROM. The boot code then loads an application from external flash memory into RAM and executes it.

Developers writing applications for the module are provided with the ability to debug applications, program the flash, and control the module with the DMA UART. The DMA UART connects to the G2C547 Debug UART. See the G2C547 PRM,

[3], for further details on the G2C547

Debug UART.

4.2.1 General Purpose I/O

The module has ten GPIO pins, each of which can be driven by the CPU, or from a secondary function such as the SDIO client or User UART. Pins GPIO_10 and GPIO_11 are used for the User UART, as indicated in

Table 5-2. Up to four GPIO pins can be configured as

edge or level-sensitive interrupt sources. These are active only when the CPU is awake.

As of release 0.0.1 of the Icon software, only GPIO_10 and GPIO_11 are available for use as a User UART interface. Future versions of Icon will provide general read and write access to GPIO pins.

G2M5477 developers have unlimited access to GPIO functionality.

4.3 Wi-Fi Network Interface

The Wi-Fi Network Interface provides all functions necessary to connect to, and communicate with, a standard 802.11b/g Wi-Fi network. The Wi-Fi interface consists of:

• A firmware API in ROM that includes functions for channel scan, connection, communications, and PHY layer management.

• An 802.11b/g MAC and baseband PHY.

• A 2.4GHz radio transceiver.

• A cryptographic accelerator to assist with Wi-Fi security.

• An ISO-24730-2 2.4GHz transmitter. Although not part of WiFi, the ISO-24730-2 transmitter shares the Wi-Fi 2.4GHz Transmit radio path.

Icon developers have access to the Wi-Fi Network Interface via a high-level API that issues commands over the serial interface. Example API functions include g2_start_scan, g2_set_ssid, g2_conn_connect, g2_conn_send, g2_conn_receive, etc. Refer to the Icon Programmer's Reference Manual, mation.

G2M5477 developers have access to lower level functions in the G2C547 ROM via a firmware API. Refer to the G2C547 PRM,

[3], for further details.

[1], for further infor-

G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet

+ 21 hidden pages

Microchip Technology G2M5477 Users manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1 General Description

2 Features

2.1 Benefits

3 Block Diagram

3.1 Power

3.2 System Power States

3.2.1 Asleep (low-power)

3.2.3 Dozing

3.2.4 Waking Up

3.2.5 Force Awake

3.3 Module Resets

3.2.2 Awake

3.3.1 Brownout Detection

3.3.2 EMC Resilience (IEC 61000-4-2)

4 Functional Description

4.1 PMU and NVM

4.2 The CPU

4.2.1 General Purpose I/O

4.3 Wi-Fi Network Interface