Microchip Technology A090971 User Manual

ZigBit Development Kits

ATZB-EVB-24-SMA, ATZB-EVB-900-SMA,

ATZB-EVB-A24-SMA, ATZB-EVB-24-PCB,

ATZB-EVB-24-A2

User Manual

ZigBit
Development Kits

User Manual

Rev. [0.5]-AVR-[09/11]

1 Introduction

Intended Audience and Purpose

This document is intended for engineers and software developers working with the
ZigBit™ Development Kit (ZDK). The Kit is used to evaluate the performance and
features of ZigBit modules and the BitCloud software, and to implement custom
applications on top of BitCloud API.

Safety and Precautions

The product contains electronics, which are electrically sens itive. Please take
necessary precautions when using such devices. Atmel does its best to protect the
product components from electrostatic discharge phenomena, but we encourage our
users to follow common guidelines to avoid electrostatics by using proper grounding
etc.

The product complies with the FCC (Part 15), IC and ETSI (CE) rules applicable to
the devices radiating in the uncontrolled environment. Please find out if the product
complies with your local regulations.

Any modifications of the hardware, its components or improper use of the product can
cause an uncontrolled violation of the in-band or out-band radiation levels. It can
result in progressing violation of emission level limits, thus causing harmful
interference.

Precautions

The product radiates power in the microwave band. Although the levels are
considered to be low (less than 2 mW), it is reasonable to protect the operating
personnel from possible harmful impact of the electromagnetic field. When the parts
of the product are turned on, an operator should avoid touching the PCB antenna and
the board itself. The recommended distance between an operator and antenna
should be more than 20 centimeters.

AC/DC adapters which can be used with the product contain high voltage circuits.
General precautions should be taken against electric shock before the product
hardware is mains powered.

The ZigBit Development Kit contains fragile components. Please handle with care.

Related documents

[1] ZigBit™ OEM Modules. Product Datasheet. Atmel Doc.

M-251~01

[2] BitCloud™ IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee Software. Product Datasheet.

Atmel Doc. M-251~08

[3] BitCloud™ Software 1.0. SerialNet. Reference Manual. AT-

Command Set. Atmel Doc. P-ZBN-452~03

[4] BitCloud™ Software 1.0. BitCloud Stack Documentation.

Atmel Doc. P-ZBN-452~02

[5] BitCloud Developer's Guide. Atmel Doc. P-ZBN-452~01

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[6] ZigBit™ OEM Module. Application Note. ZigBit Power

Consumption Testing. Atmel Doc. AN-481~01

[7] BitCloud™ Software 1.0. Serial Bootloader User’s Guide.

Atmel Doc. P-ZBN-451~02

[8] ZigBit™ OEM Module. Application Note. Using ZigBit Module

with Analog Sensors. Atmel Doc. AN-481~06

[9] BitCloud™ Software 1.0. Range Measurement Tool User’s

Guide. Atmel Doc. P-ZBN-451~01

[10] ZigBee Specification. ZigBee Document 053474r17, October

19, 2007

[11] Serial asynchronous automatic dialing and control. ITU-T

Recommendation V.250, 05/99

[12] IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003 IEEE Standard for Information

technology – Part 15.4 Wireless Medium Access Control
(MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate
Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)

[13] TSL2550 Ambient Light Sensor With Smbus Interface. TAOS

Datasheet TAOS029E. February 2006

http://www.taosinc.com/images/product/document/tsl2550­e67.pdf

[14] LM73 2.7V, SOT-23, 11-to-14 Bit Digital Temperature Sensor

with 2-Wire Interface. National Semiconductor Corporation
Datasheet DS201478. July 2006

http://www.national.com/pf/LM/LM73.html#Datasheet

[15] CP2102, Single-Chip USB to UART Bridge, Rev. 1.1 9/05.

www.silabs.com

[16] AVR Studio. User Guide. Available in HTML Help within the

product.

[17] JTAGICE mkII Quick Start Guide.

http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc2562

.pdf

[18] avr-libc Reference Manual 1.4.3
[19] WinAVR User Manual – 20070525/ By Eric B. Weddington
[20] Using the GNU Compiler Collection/ By Richard M. Stallman

and the GCC Developer Community

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

AC/DC Alternating Current / Direct Current converter
ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter
API Application Programming Interface
Channel Mask Channel mask is a number that defines the set of working channels
Coordinator Within ZigBee networks, the ZigBee coordinator is responsible for

starting the network and for choosing certain key network
parameters. The network may be extended through the use of

ZigBee router.
DIP Dual In-line Package
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
End device In ZigBee networks, the ZigBee end device provides sensor data

sent to a router. End device is often subject to power management

restrictions, so it may be in sleeping mode most of the time.
ESD Electrostatic Discharge
GPIO General Purpose Input/Output
GUI Graphical User Interface
HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer

2

C Inter-Integrated Circuit

I
IDE Integrated Development Environment
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IRQ Interrupt Request
JTAG Digital interface for debugging of embedded devices, also known as

IEEE 1149.1 standard interface
LED Light Emitting Diode
LQI Link Quality Indicator
MAC Medium Access Control layer
MCU Microcontroller Unit. In this document, it also means the processor,

which is the core of ZigBit Amp module
MIPS Million Instructions per Second
NWK Network layer

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OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OTA Over-The-Air upgrade
PAN ID Personal Area Network Identifier. In ZigBee, it is 16-bit number which

must be unique for each one of multiple networks working on the

same frequency channel
PCB Printed Circuit Board
PHY Physical layer
RAM Random Access Memory
RF Radio Frequency
RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computing microprocessor
Router In ZigBee networks, routers transfer data and control messages

through the network using a hierarchical routing strategy. The ZigBee

coordinator is also responsible for routing.
RP-SMA Reversed Polarity Surface Mount Assembly
RS-232 Serial binary data interconnection interface, which is commonly used

in computer serial ports (COM ports)
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator
RTS/CTS Request to Send / Clear to Send
RX Receiver
SMA Surface Mount Assembly
SPI Serial Peripheral Interface bus
TTM Time To Market
TX Transmitter
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
UID Unique Identifier
USART Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
USB Universal Serial Bus
VCP Virtual Com Port
WSN Wireless Sensor Network
ZDK ZigBit Development Kit
ZigBee,

ZigBee PRO

Wireless networking standards targeted at low-power sensor

applications [10]

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802.15.4 The IEEE 802.15.4-2003 standard applicable to low-rate wireless

2 Development Kit Overview

ZigBit™ Development Kit (ZDK) is a simple, out-of-the-box solution designed for full
range of WSN prototyping and development. It comes complete with ATZB-EVB
(MeshBean) development boards containing ZigBit modules and a variety of tools to
test the wireless network features and performance and to develop customized
wireless solutions based on BitCloud Software.

ZigBit Development Kit includes:

Personal Area Networks [12]

1. Any one type of ATZB-EVB (MeshBean) board (1 item) –
ATZB-EVB-24-SMA/ ATZB-EVB-900-SMA/ ATZB-EVB-24­A2/ ATZB-EVB-A24-SMA/ ATZB-EVB-24-PCB

2. USB 2.0 A/mini-B cable (3 items)

3. Swivel antenna (1/2 wave antenna)

4. Software & Documentation Distribution CD (1 item).

3 Hardware General Specifications

ATZB-EVB (MeshBean) board is intended to evaluate the performance of a ZigBit
module. In turn, a ZigBit module with the embedded BitCloud software provides
wireless connectivity for ATZB-EVB (MeshBean) board, enabling it as a node in a
ZigBee network. MeshBeans also serve as a reference hardware platform for the
customer’s target devices utilizing ZigBit modules for wireless communication.

The ATZB-EVB (MeshBean) board can be configured to operate as a network
coordinator, a router or an end device, by setting of DIP s witches (see Section 0)
and/or sending AT-commands. The node’s role is defined by the embedded
application.

The boards are delivered with ZigBit preprogrammed with Serial Bootloader and
WSNDemo application firmware. For full list of demo applications see Section 3.2.
Gerber files are available with Complete Support Pack age only.The ATZB-EVB
(MeshBean) basic parameters are presented in Table 1.

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Table 1. ATZB-EVB (MeshBean) Board Specifications

Parameter Value

RF

Compliance 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4-2003 [12]
Operating Band 2400–2483.5 MHz
TX Output Power from -17 dBm to +3 dBm
RX Sensitivity -101 dBm
RF Transceiver AT86RF230
Antenna versions 2.4 GHz (PCB on-b oar d ant enna,

external 50 Ohm unbalanced
antenna or dual chip antenna)

MCU

Microcontroller ATmega1281V
RAM 8K Bytes
Flash Memory 128K Bytes
EEPROM 4K Bytes
Performance Up to 4 MIPS throughput at 4 MHz

Clock

Power

Power Supply Dual AA type Battery, automatically

switched to USB or AC/DC adapter

Over-Voltage Protection Yes
Reverse Polarity Protection Yes
Operating Voltage Range 1.8...3.6 V
Voltage Supervisor Yes

Miscellaneous

Sensors Digital: Ambient Light/ Ambient Air

Temperature

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LED Indicators

Switches 3 DIP switches
Buttons 2 programmable buttons
Size 60 x 63 x 24[1] mm
Operating Temperature

Range

3.1 ATZB-EVB (MeshBean) Featured Components
ZigBit Module

ZigBit module is an ultra-compact, low-power, high sensitivity 2.4GHz

802.15.4/ZigBee OEM module from Atmel. ZigBit module is based on Atmel’s Z-Link

2.4GHz platform. It includes ATmega1281V Microcontroller and AT86RF230 RF
Transceiver.

In ZDK, every ZigBit module is delivered installed on a ATZB-EVB (MeshBean)
board. Two different versions of ZigBit modules are available [1]: a version with
balanced RF port for applications where the benefits of PCB or external antenna can
be utilized, and a version with dual chip antenna satisfying the needs of size-sensitive
applications.

Detailed specifications of the ZigBit module, including the module interfaces, voltage
levels, powe r c o ns u mp t i o n, ar e av a i l able in the ZigBit data s heet [1].

3 programmable color status LEDs
external power supply status LED

-40°C to 85°C. Minor degradation of
clock stability may occur beyond the

-20°C to +70°C range.

Sensors

The board incor p orates light sensor TSL2550T fr om TA OS an d t em pe rature sensor
LM73CIMK from National Semiconductors. Both sensors are connected in parallel to

2

the I

C bus. For more information on the sensors see their datasheets [13], [14]

available from the corresponding manufacturers’ websites.

NOTE:

In addition to the built-in, onboard sensors, external sensors selected
by developer can be used. An external sensor can be connected to
the terminals of External interface cable leading to the onboard
Expansion slot. See the corresponding pinout in Table 2. As an
example, connection of an external sensor is illustrated in Application
Note [7].

USB to UART Bridge

CP2102, the USB to UART Bridge controller from Silicon Labs [15], is installed on the
board. It provides seamless USB interface to any RS-232 legacy device. If the
controller’s driver has been installed on PC during the deployment of the whole
Development Kit (see Section 4.3) the onboard USB port is visible on the PC as
generic COM port with a particular number.

Silicon Serial for UID storage

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UID (Unique Identifier) is HEX value, 8 bytes long. UID is used for setting unique
MAC address of the node.

UID is hardware defined value. It is programmed into a chip (Silicon Serial Number
DS2411R+ by Maxim/Dallas) at the factory.

UID is unique, and cannot be overwritten. In order to ensure the presence of UID on
the board it is required to execute Hardware Test application (see Section 4.7 for
details).

ATZB-EVB (MeshBean) Board Design

The ATZB-EVB (MeshBean) b oard contains the ZigBit module, which ope rates as
ZigBee/802.15.4 transceiver. It also includes sensors, buttons, DIP switches, and a
set of interfaces.

The board prov i d es t he f ol lowing interf a ces:

 USB 2.0 port
 Light and temperature sensors
 2 push buttons controlling the software
 Reset button
 3 DIP switches
 3 software-controlled LEDs
 Symmetrical dipole PCB antenna (only for ATZB-EVB

(MeshBean) with PCB antenna)

 SMA connector (only for ATZB-EVB (MeshBean) with

external antenna)

 JTAG connector for software upload and debugging
 Power connector (3 V) to use an AC/DC adapter (not

supplied with ZDK)

 20-pin Expansion slot containing external ZigBit’s interfaces

(see Table ), including:

 Serial port interface (RS-232)
 USART
 Buffered I

level translation

 ADC/GPIO
 Battery compartment for AA-size batteries
 3 configuration jumpers
 3 clamps for power consumption measurements.

Also, the board contains an internal voltage regulator to supply most of the
components with 3.6 V. This is needed if ZigBit’s MCU is to be run at 8 MHz

2

C interface with ESD protection and voltage

.1

.

NOTE:

Normally ZigBit module is powered directly by the batteries, USB or
AC/DC adapter (via protection circuitry); however, Jumper J2 (see
Table ) can switch ZigBit to 3.6 V supply.

See Figure 1 for the layout of ATZB-EVB (MeshBean) version with integrated PCB
antenna and the board’s functional diagram.

1

8MHz requires changes in the BitCloud Software that normally runs at 4 MHz in

order to extend the voltage range and decrease power consumption.

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10

Figure 1. ATZB-EVB (MeshBean) functional diagram

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Connector s and Jumpers

The board connector pinouts and jumper settings are presented in Table 2 through
Table 7.

IMPORTANT NOTE:

All manipulations with connectors or jumpers should be done when
the board is not powered!

Table 2. Expansion slot pinout

Pin Name I/O Description

1 UART_RTS
2 UART_TXD

3 UART_CTS

4 UART_RXD

5 GND
6 GND
7 I2C_CLK

8 I2C_DATA

9 +3.6V

10 V_XX
11 RESET

12 USART_TXD

Input
Input

Request to Send Pin. RS-232 level.
Transmit Data Pin (meaning that the host

device will transmit data to this line). RS-232
level.

Output

Clear To Send signal from the module.
Active low. RS-232 level.

Output

Receive Data Pin (meaning that the host
device will receive data from this line). RS-232
level.

Digital/analog ground
Digital/analog ground
Input

2

C clock. It is connected to the I2C_CLK pin

I
of the module via low-voltage level translators.
For details, refer to ZigBit datasheet [1].

Bidirectional

2

C data. It is connected to the I2C_DATA pin

I
of the module via low-voltage level translators.
For details, refer to ZigBit datasheet [1].

Output Output of internal voltage regulator. Normally,

the voltage is 3.6 V.
Output ZigBit supply voltage
Input

Reset Pin. Active low. This pin is connected in

parallel to the RESET button on the board.
Output

This is Transmit Data Pin for USART0

interface of the ZigBit module. It is connected

directly to the USART0_TXD pin of the module.

Digital logic level. For details, refer to ZigBit

datasheet [1]. [1]

11

13 USART_RXD

Input

This is Receive Data Pin for USART0

interface of the ZigBit module. It is connected

directly to the USART0_RXD pin of the module.

Digital logic level. For details, refer to ZigBit

datasheet [1].

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Pin Name I/O Description

14 USART_CLK

15 GND

16 ADC_INPUT1

17 ADC_INPUT2

18 ADC_INPUT3

19 GND
20 GND

GENERAL NOTES:

Pins 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18 are not buffered and driven by the MCU
pins directly. Thus this interface should be used with precautions at
the low supply voltages to avoid damaging the module.

Pins 7 and 8 are connected via voltage level translators with ESD
protection. Thus these pins can be used easily to connect extra I2C
sensors without extra logic.

Voltage on the V_XX pin does not depend on the state of jumper J1 or
ammeter connection between clamps CM+, CM-.

Input

This is Clock Data Pin for USART0 interface

of the ZigBit module. It is connected directly to

the USART0_EXTCLK pin of the modu le. Digital

logic level. For details, refer to ZigBit datasheet

[1].
Digital/analog ground

Input ADC input. This pin is connected directly to the

ADC_INPUT_1 pin of the module. For details,

refer to ZigBit datasheet [1].
Input ADC input. This pin is connected directly to the

ADC_INPUT_2 pin of the module. For details,

refer to ZigBit datasheet [1].
Input ADC input. This pin is connected directly to the

ADC_INPUT_3 pin of the module. For details,

refer to ZigBit datasheet [1].
Digital/analog ground

Digital/analog ground

12

Table 3. JTAG connector pinout

Pin Name Description

1 JTAG_TCK
2 JTAG_GND
3 JTAG_TDO
4 JTAG_VCC
5 JTAG_TMS
6 JTAG_RST

Scan clock
Digital ground
Test data output
Controller supply voltage
Test mode select
Reset controller; active

low

7 N_Cont
8 N_Cont
9 JTAG_TDI

10 JTAG_GND

Not connected
Not connected
Test data input
Digital ground

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NOTE:

JTAG connector pinout is compatible with ATmega JTAGICE mkII in­circuit emulator connector.

Table 4. J1 jumper setting s : cur rent measurem en t

Jumper

Description

position

J1 is

This position is used for normal operation.

mounted
J1 is open

In this position, the ZigBit module is not powered while
remaining parts of the board are powered. This position is
used to measure current consumption of the ZigBit module
(see Section 3.8). 4.8

Table 5. J2 jumper settings: ZigBit power source

Jumper position Description

J2 bridges POWER pin and
BAT pin

J2 bridges POWER pin and

ZigBit is powered by primary source (battery, USB or
AC/DC adapter).

ZigBit is powered by 3.6 V internal voltage regulator.

DC/DC pin

Table 6. J3 jumper settings: Serial/USB selection

Jumper position Description

J3 bridges central pin
and RS-232 pin

J3 bridges central pin

The board will use serial port (available in the Expansion
slot) for connection to the host.

The board will use USB for connection to the host.

and USB pin

IMPORTANT NOTES:

Any other position of jumpers J2 and J3 or their omission may
cause permanent damage of the hardware.

Powering the board without J1 jumper and ammeter connection
between clamps CM+ and CM- may cause a permanent damage of the
hardware.

When making connection to the PC’s serial port through the Expansion slot consider
the pinout as indicated below in Table .

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Table 7. Serial interface pinout

Signal Expansion slot pins

RXD 4: UART_RXD
TXD 2: UART_TXD
CTS 3: UART_CTS
RTS 1: UART_RTS
GND 5, 6, 15, 19, 20: GND

Serial port pins

(PC side)

2
3
8
7
5

Buttons, Switches and LEDs

The board includes 2 buttons, 3 DIP switches, one Reset button that generates a
hardware reset signal, 3 software-defined LEDs (green, yellow and red) and a LED
indicating powering the board from the USB. Any of onboard buttons, DIP switches
and LEDs can be controlled by an embedded application running on a ZigBit.

For instance, the status of any DIP switch will be ignored when running SerialNet (see
Section 6). DIP switches can be tested when running the Hardware Test application
(see Section 4.7).

External Antenna

Among the ATZB-EVB (MeshBean) boards delivered with ZDK, one particular board
is equipped with SMA connector to attach an external antenna. The specifications of
external antenna supplied with the Development Kit are presented below in Table .

Table 8. External antenna specifications
Part
Number

17010.1 WiMo, swivel antenna (1/2

Manufacturer & Description Gain,

wave antenna) with SMA
connector, frequency range

2.35-2.5 GHz

Impedance,

dBi

Ohm

2.1 50 20

Min.
Separation,
cm

3.2 BitCloud Software

14

IMPORTANT NOTE:

Only the Non-RP SMA Connector antennas can be used in
combination with MeshBean boards equipped with an SMA connector!

Attach the external antenna through SMA connector before using the board. Match
the antenna’s male coaxial thread with the connector’s female thread.

BitCloud is a full-featured, next generation embedded software stack from Atmel. The
stack provides a software development platform for reliable, scalable, and secure
wireless applications running on Atmel ZigBit modules. BitCloud is designed to
support a broad ecosystem of user-designed applications addressing diverse
requirements and enabling a full spectrum of software customization.

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BitCloud is fully compliant with ZigBee PRO and ZigBee standards for wireless
sensing and control. It provides an augmented set of APIs which, while maintaining
100% compliance with the standard, offer extended functionality designed with
developer's convenience and ease-of-use in mind.

The topmost of the core stack layers, APS, provides the highest level of networking­related APIs visible to the application. ZDO provides a set of fully compliant ZigBee
Device Object APIs which enable main network management functionality (start,
reset, formation, join). ZDO also defines ZigBee Device Profile types, device and
service discovery commands implemented by the stack.

This ZDK provides everything a developer would need to develop custom applications
based on the BitCloud API [4]. The general guidelines to BitCloud programming are
given in [5]. API-based demos are provided in source code which can be modified
and extended, making it possible to develop WSN applications for a variety of
networking scenarios. For example, an end device can be configured to communicate
with a router between the periods of sleep thus saving power.

Another configuration of BitCloud Software, SerialNet, enables a user to implement
customized WSN scenarios without developing any WSN application code. In this
case WSN nodes are controlled via AT-commands (see Section 6).

The structure of BitCloud Software is presented in Figure 2. It is detailed in datasheet
[2].

15

Figure 2. BitCloud Block Diagram

The Development Kit includes two kinds of applicati ons (see 10.7). Evaluation tools
are delivered in binary format. Sample applications are available in source code.

The following evaluation tools are delivered:

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 SerialNet application lets the AT-commands be interpreted

locally or forwarded for execution on remote nodes;

 Hardware Test (see Section 4.7) is a simple application

which tests major ATZB-EVB (MeshBean) board
components for correct operation;

 Range Measurement Tool is an application intended to

measure radio performanc e of Z i gB it-based devic es and / or
to make comparison with platforms of other manufacturers.
Usage essential information and guiding instructions are
given in [9];

 WSNDemo with WSN Monitor;
 Serial Bootloader is a software utility designed to program

an application code into WSN nodes through USB or serial
port, without using JTAG. See the description of Serial
Bootloader in Section 7.

The following sample applications are delivered with source code (referenced as
given in brackets):

 WSNDemo (WSNDemo)
 Low Power Networking (Lowpower)
 Ping-Pong (Pingpong)
 Peer-To-Peer Data Exchange (Peer2peer)
 Blink minimal sample application (Blink)
 Hardware Test (HardwareTest).

The WSNDemo appl i c ation is a feature d Z DK app l ic a t i o n demonstrating th e WSN
performance. It is presented in details in Section 5. The source code for WSNDemo is
available with Complete Support Pack age only.

The rest of programs are sample implementations triggering common BitCloud APIs.
Blink is a minimal application (see Section 8.3). Low Power Ping-Pong, and Peer-To­Peer applications are introduced in Section 8.4.

4 Getting Started

4.1 Overview

4.2 System Requirements

16

This section describes the system requirements and ZDK deployment. It also
provides how-to instructions on handling the boards, testing WSN functionality and
performing local hardware tests.

Before using the Kit, please ensure that the following system requirements are met
(see Table 9).

Table 9. System requirements

Parameter Value Note

PC

CPU Intel Pentium III or

higher, 800 MHz

RAM 128 MB

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Hard disk free

50 MB
space
JTAG emulator JTAGICE mkII emulator

with cable

Software

Operating system Windows2000/XP
USB driver CP210x USB to UART

Bridge VCP Driver
IDE AVR Studio 4.14 +

WinAVR

Serial Bootloader

Necessary to upload firmware
utility

Java virtual
machine

Java Runtime

Environment (JRE) 5

Update 8, or more

recent
Microsoft .NET
framework

Version 2.0 Service

Pack 1, or more recent

Necessary to upload and debug
firmware onto the ATZB-EVB
(MeshBean) board through JTAG
(see Appendix B).

Necessary to connect ATZB-EVB
(MeshBean) to PC via USB port
(see Section 3.4) 4.4

Necessary to upload firmware
image through JTAG (see
Appendix B), and to develop
applications using API (see
Section 7)

image without using JTAG (see
Section 6)
Necessary to run the WSN
Monitor application (see Section

4.5) 5.6
Necessary to run the GUI

Bootloader (see Section 6)

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