Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:
•Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.
•Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the
intended manner and under normal conditions.
•There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our
knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip's Data
Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.
•Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.
•Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not
mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.”
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously impro ving the cod e protection features of our
products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts
allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.
Information contained in this publication regarding device
applications and the like is intended through suggestion only
and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to
ensure that your application meets with your specifications.
No representation or warranty is given and no liability is
assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect
to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of
patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such
use or otherwise. Use of Microchip’s products as critical
components in life support systems is not authorized except
with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are
conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual
property rights.
Trademarks
The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, Accuron,
dsPIC, K
EELOQ, MPLAB, PIC, PICmic ro, PI C START,
PRO MATE, PowerSmart and rfPIC are registered
trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the
U.S.A. and other countries.
AmpLab, FilterLab, microID, MXDEV, MXLA B, PICMASTER,
SEEVAL, SmartShunt and The Embedded Control Solutions
Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology
Incorporated in the U.S.A.
Application Maestro, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net,
dsPICworks, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense,
FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP,
ICEPIC, Migratable Memory, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK,
MPSIM, PICkit, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICtail, PowerCal,
PowerInfo, PowerMate, PowerTool, rfLAB, Select Mode,
SmartSensor, SmartTel and Total Endurance are trademarks
of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other
countries.
Serialized Quick Turn Programming (SQTP) is a service mark
of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.
Microchip re cei v ed I S O/T S - 16 949 : 20 02 qu ality system c er ti f ic at io n f or
its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in
Chandler and Tempe, Arizona and Mountain View, California in October
2003. The Com pany’s quality sy stem proces ses and pro cedures are for
its PICmicro
EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog
products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design and
manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.
17.0 Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) Module .................................................................................................................... 189
24.0 Special Features of the CPU......................................................................................... ........................................................... 345
25.0 Instruction Set Summary ..........................................................................................................................................................365
26.0 Development Support. .............................................................................................................................................................. 407
28.0 DC and AC Characteristics Graphs and Tables....................................................................................................................... 449
Appendix D: Migration from Mid-Range to Enhanced Devices.......................................................................................................... 470
Appendix E: Migration from High-End to Enhanced Devices.............................................................................................................471
Index .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 473
Systems Information and Upgrade Hot Line......................................................................................................................................487
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 Product Identification System ............................................................................................................ 489
DS30491C-page 6 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
TO OUR VALUED CUSTOMERS
It is our intention to provide our valued customers with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip
products. To this end, we will continue to improve our publications t o better suit your needs. Our publications will be refined and
enhanced as new volumes and updates are introduced.
If you have any questions or c omm ents regarding t his publication, p lease c ontact the M arket ing Co mmunications Department via
E-mail at docerrors@mail.microchip.com or fax the Reader Response Form in the back of this data sheet to (480) 792-4150.
We welcome your feedback.
Most Current Data Sheet
To obtain the most up-to-date version of this data sheet, please register at our Worldwide Web site at:
http://www.microchip.com
You can determ ine the version of a data sheet by examining its literature number found on the bottom outside corner of any page.
The last character of the literature number is the version number, (e.g., DS30000A is version A of document DS30000).
Errata
An errata sheet, describing minor operational differences from the data sheet and recommended workarounds, may exist for current
devices. As device/documentation issues become known to us, we will publish an errata sheet. The errata will specify the revision
of silicon and revision of document to which it applies.
To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please check with one of the following:
• Microchip’s Worldwide Web site; http://www.microchip.com
• Your local Microchip sales office (see last page)
• The Microchip Corporate Literature Center; U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277
When contacting a sales office or the literature center, please specify which device, revision of silicon and data sheet (include literature number) you are using.
Customer Notification System
Register on our Web site at www.microchip.com/cn to receive the most current information on all of our products.
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 7
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
NOTES:
DS30491C-page 8 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
1.0DEVICE OVERVIEW
All other features for devices in the
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 family are identical.
This documen t conta i ns dev ic e spec if i c in for m at i on fo r
the following devices:
• PIC18F6585• PIC18F8585
• PIC18F6680• PIC18F8680
PIC18F6X8X devices are av ailable in 64-pin TQFP an d
These are summarized in Table 1-1.
Block diagrams of the PIC18F6X8X and PIC18F8X8X
devices are provided in Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2,
respectively. The pinouts for these device families are
listed in Table 1-2.
68-pin PLCC packages. PIC18F8X8X devices are
available in the 80-pin TQFP package. They are
differentiated from each other in four way s :
1.Flash program memory (48 Kbytes for
PIC18FX585 devices, 64Kbytes for
PIC18FX680)
2.A/D channels (1 2 for PIC18F6X8X devices,
16 for PIC1 8F8X8X)
3.I/O ports (7 on PIC18F6X8X devices, 9 on
PIC18F8X8X)
4.External program memory interface (present
only on PIC18F8X8X devices)
T ABLE 1-1:PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 DEVICE FEATURES
DC–25MHzw/EMA
Program Memory (Bytes)48K64K48K (2 MB EMA)64K (2 MB EMA)
Program Memory (Instructions)24576327682457632768
Data Memory (Bytes)3328332833283328
Data EEPROM Memory (Bytes)10241024102410 24
External Memory InterfaceNoNoYesYes
Interrupt Sourc e s29292929
I/O PortsPorts A
Timers4444
Capture/Compare/PWM M odule1111
Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM
Module
Serial CommunicationsMSSP,
Enhanced AUSAR T ,
Parallel CommunicationsPSPPSPPSP
10-bit Analog-to-Digital Module12 input cha nnels12 input ch annels16 inp ut cha nnels16 inpu t chan nels
Resets (and Delays)POR, BOR,
Note 1:Alternate assignment for CCP2 in all operating modes except Microcontroller – applies to PIC18F8X8X only.
/VPP
ST= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I= Input O= Output
P= Power OD= Open-Drain (no P diode to V
2:Default assignment when CCP2MX is set.
3:External memory interface functions are only available on PIC18F8X8X devices.
4:CCP2 is multiplexed with this pin by default when configured in Microcontroller mode; otherwise, it is
multiplexed with either RB3 or RC1.
5:PORTH and PORTJ are only available on PIC18F8X8X (80-pin) devices.
6:PSP is available in Microcontroller mode only.
7:On PIC18F8X8X devices, these pins can be multiplexed with RH7/RH6 by changing the ECCPMX
configuration bit.
7169
395049
405150
I
I
P
IICMOS/ST
O
O
I/O
ST
ST
CMOS
TTL
Master Clear (input) or programming
voltage (input).
General purpose input pin.
Master Clear (Reset ) in pu t. This pin is
an active-low Reset to the device.
Programming voltage inp ut.
Oscillator crystal or external clock input.
Oscillator crystal input or external clock
source input. ST buffer when configured
in RC mode; otherwise CMOS.
External cloc k source input. Always
associated with pin function OSC1
(see OSC1/CLKI, OSC2/CLKO pins).
Oscillator crystal or clock output.
—
—
Oscillator crystal output.
Connects to crystal or resonator in
Crystal Oscillator mode.
In RC mode, OSC2 pi n o utpu ts CLKO
which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1
and denotes the instruction cycle rate.
General purpose I/O pin.
DD)
DS30491C-page 12 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
T ABLE 1-2:PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Note 1:Alternate assignment for CCP2 in all operating modes except Microcontroller – applies to PIC18F8X8X only.
REF-
REF-
REF+
ST= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I= Input O= Output
P= Power OD= Open-Drain (no P diode to V
2:Default assignment when CCP2MX is set.
3:External memory interface functions are only available on PIC18F8X8X devices.
4:CCP2 is multiplexed with this pin by default when configured in Microcontroller mode; otherwise, it is
multiplexed with either RB3 or RC1.
5:PORTH and PORTJ are only available on PIC18F8X8X (80-pin) devices.
6:PSP is available in Microcontroller mode only.
7:On PIC18F8X8X devices, these pins can be multiplexed with RH7/RH6 by changing the ECCPMX
configuration bit.
243430
233329
223228
213127
283934
273833
Pin
Type
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/OIST/OD
I/O
Buffer
Type
PORTA is a bidirectional I/O port.
TTL
I
Analog
TTL
I
Analog
TTL
I
Analog
I
Analog
TTL
I
Analog
I
Analog
ST
TTL
I
Analog
I
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog input 0.
Digital I/O.
Analog input 1.
Digital I/O.
Analog input 2.
A/D reference voltage (Low) input.
Digital I/O.
Analog input 3.
A/D reference voltage (High) input.
Digital I/O – Open-drain when
configured as output.
Timer0 external clock input.
Digital I/O.
Analog input 4.
Low-voltage detect input.
ST= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I= Input O= Output
P= Power OD= Open-Drain (no P diode to V
Note 1:Alternate assignment for CCP2 in all operating modes except Microcontroller – applies to PIC18F8X8X only.
2:Default assignment when CCP2MX is set.
3:External memory interface functions are only available on PIC18F8X8X devices.
4:CCP2 is multiplexed with this pin by default when configured in Microcontroller mode; otherwise, it is
multiplexed with either RB3 or RC1.
5:PORTH and PORTJ are only available on PIC18F8X8X (80-pin) devices.
6:PSP is available in Microcontroller mode only.
7:On PIC18F8X8X devices, these pins can be multiplexed with RH7/RH6 by changing the ECCPMX
configuration bit.
486058
475957
465856
455755
445654
435553
425452
374847
Pin
Type
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
Buffer
Type
PORTB is a bidirectional I/O port. PORTB
can be software programmed for internal
weak pull-ups on all inputs.
TTL
I
I
I
I
I
I
ST
TTL
ST
TTL
ST
TTL
ST
ST
TTL
ST
TTL
ST
ST
TTL
ST
ST
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
External interrupt 0.
Digital I/O.
External interrupt 1.
Digital I/O.
External interrupt 2.
Digital I/O.
External interrupt 3.
Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/
PWM 2 output.
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
Low-Voltage ICSP Programming
enable pin.
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
In-circuit debugger and ICSP
programming clock.
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
In-circuit debugger and ICSP
programming data.
DescriptionPIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8X
DD)
DS30491C-page 14 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
T ABLE 1-2:PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
ST= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I= Input O= Output
P= Power OD= Open-Drain (no P diode to V
Note 1:Alternate assignment for CCP2 in all operating modes except Microcontroller – applies to PIC18F8X8X only.
2:Default assignment when CCP2MX is set.
3:External memory interface functions are only available on PIC18F8X8X devices.
4:CCP2 is multiplexed with this pin by default when configured in Microcontroller mode; otherwise, it is
multiplexed with either RB3 or RC1.
5:PORTH and PORTJ are only available on PIC18F8X8X (80-pin) devices.
6:PSP is available in Microcontroller mode only.
7:On PIC18F8X8X devices, these pins can be multiplexed with RH7/RH6 by changing the ECCPMX
configuration bit.
304136
294035
334443
344544
354645
364746
314237
324338
Pin
Type
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
Buffer
Type
PORTC is a bidirectional I/O port.
ST
O
I
I
I
O
O
I
—
ST
ST
CMOS
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
—
ST
—
ST
ST
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
Timer1 oscillator output.
Timer1/Timer3 external clock input.
ST= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I= Input O= Output
P= Power OD= Open-Drain (no P diode to V
Note 1:Alternate assignment for CCP2 in all operating modes except Microcontroller – applies to PIC18F8X8X only.
2:Default assignment when CCP2MX is set.
3:External memory interface functions are only available on PIC18F8X8X devices.
4:CCP2 is multiplexed with this pin by default when configured in Microcontroller mode; otherwise, it is
multiplexed with either RB3 or RC1.
5:PORTH and PORTJ are only available on PIC18F8X8X (80-pin) devices.
6:PSP is available in Microcontroller mode only.
7:On PIC18F8X8X devices, these pins can be multiplexed with RH7/RH6 by changing the ECCPMX
configuration bit.
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
Buffer
Type
ST
TTL
TTL
ST
TTL
TTL
ST
TTL
TTL
ST
TTL
TTL
ST
TTL
TTL
ST
TTL
TTL
ST
TTL
TTL
ST
TTL
TTL
DescriptionPIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8X
PORTD is a bidirectional I/O port. These
pins have TTL input buf fers when ex ternal
memory is enabled.
Digital I/O.
Parallel Slave Port data.
External memory address/data 0.
Digital I/O.
Parallel Slave Port data.
External memory address/data 1.
Digital I/O.
Parallel Slave Port data.
External memory address/data 2.
Digital I/O.
Parallel Slave Port data.
External memory address/data 3.
Digital I/O.
Parallel Slave Port data.
External memory address/data 4.
Digital I/O.
Parallel Slave Port data.
External memory address/data 5.
Digital I/O.
Parallel Slave Port data.
External memory address/data 6.
Digital I/O.
Parallel Slave Port data.
External memory address/data 7.
DD)
DS30491C-page 16 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
T ABLE 1-2:PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
ST= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I= Input O= Output
P= Power OD= Open-Drain (no P diode to V
Note 1:Alternate assignment for CCP2 in all operating modes except Microcontroller – applies to PIC18F8X8X only.
2:Default assignment when CCP2MX is set.
3:External memory interface functions are only available on PIC18F8X8X devices.
4:CCP2 is multiplexed with this pin by default when configured in Microcontroller mode; otherwise, it is
multiplexed with either RB3 or RC1.
5:PORTH and PORTJ are only available on PIC18F8X8X (80-pin) devices.
6:PSP is available in Microcontroller mode only.
7:On PIC18F8X8X devices, these pins can be multiplexed with RH7/RH6 by changing the ECCPMX
configuration bit.
Buffer
Type
DescriptionPIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8X
PORTE is a bidirectional I/O port.
ST
I
TTL
TTL
ST
I
TTL
TTL
ST
I
TTL
TTL
ST
TTL
ST
TTL
ST
TTL
ST
ST
TTL
ST
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
Read control for Parallel Slave Port
(see WR
and CS pins).
External memory address/data 8.
Digital I/O.
Write control for Parallel Slave Port
(see CS
and RD pins).
External memory address/data 9.
Digital I/O.
Chip select control for Parallel Slave
Port (see RD
and WR).
External memory address/data 10.
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 11.
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 12.
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 13.
ECCP1 PWM output C.
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 14.
ECCP1 PWM output B.
Digital I/O.
Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/
PWM 2 output.
ST= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I= Input O= Output
P= Power OD= Open-Drain (no P diode to V
Note 1:Alternate assignment for CCP2 in all operating modes except Microcontroller – applies to PIC18F8X8X only.
2:Default assignment when CCP2MX is set.
3:External memory interface functions are only available on PIC18F8X8X devices.
4:CCP2 is multiplexed with this pin by default when configured in Microcontroller mode; otherwise, it is
multiplexed with either RB3 or RC1.
5:PORTH and PORTJ are only available on PIC18F8X8X (80-pin) devices.
6:PSP is available in Microcontroller mode only.
7:On PIC18F8X8X devices, these pins can be multiplexed with RH7/RH6 by changing the ECCPMX
configuration bit.
182824
172723
162618
152517
142416
REF
132315
122214
112113
Pin
Type
I/O
I/O
O
I/O
O
I/O
I/O
I/O
O
I/O
I/O
Buffer
Type
PORTF is a bidirectional I/O port.
ST
I
Analog
ST
I
Analog
ST
ST
I
Analog
ST
ST
I
Analog
I
Analog
ST
I
Analog
I
Analog
ST
I
Analog
I
Analog
Analog
ST
I
Analog
I
Analog
ST
I
TTL
Digital I/O.
Analog input 5.
Digital I/O.
Analog input 6.
Comparator 2 output.
Digital I/O.
Analog input 7.
Comparator 1 output.
Digital I/O.
Analog input 8.
Comparator 2 input (+).
Digital I/O.
Analog input 9.
Comparator 2 input (-).
Digital I/O.
Analog input 10.
Comparator 1 input (+).
Comparator V
Digital I/O.
Analog input 11.
Comparator 1 input (-)
Digital I/O.
SPI slave select input.
DescriptionPIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8X
REF output.
DD)
DS30491C-page 18 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
T ABLE 1-2:PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
ST= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I= Input O= Output
P= Power OD= Open-Drain (no P diode to V
Note 1:Alternate assignment for CCP2 in all operating modes except Microcontroller – applies to PIC18F8X8X only.
2:Default assignment when CCP2MX is set.
3:External memory interface functions are only available on PIC18F8X8X devices.
4:CCP2 is multiplexed with this pin by default when configured in Microcontroller mode; otherwise, it is
multiplexed with either RB3 or RC1.
5:PORTH and PORTJ are only available on PIC18F8X8X (80-pin) devices.
6:PSP is available in Microcontroller mode only.
7:On PIC18F8X8X devices, these pins can be multiplexed with RH7/RH6 by changing the ECCPMX
ST= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I= Input O= Output
P= Power OD= Open-Drain (no P diode to V
Note 1:Alternate assignment for CCP2 in all operating modes except Microcontroller – applies to PIC18F8X8X only.
2:Default assignment when CCP2MX is set.
3:External memory interface functions are only available on PIC18F8X8X devices.
4:CCP2 is multiplexed with this pin by default when configured in Microcontroller mode; otherwise, it is
multiplexed with either RB3 or RC1.
5:PORTH and PORTJ are only available on PIC18F8X8X (80-pin) devices.
6:PSP is available in Microcontroller mode only.
7:On PIC18F8X8X devices, these pins can be multiplexed with RH7/RH6 by changing the ECCPMX
configuration bit.
——79
——80
——1
——2
——22
——21
——20
——19
Pin
Type
I/O
O
I/O
O
I/O
O
I/O
O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
Buffer
Type
PORTH is a bidirectional I/O port
ST
TTL
ST
TTL
ST
TTL
ST
TTL
ST
I
Analog
ST
I
Analog
ST
I
Analog
ST
ST
I
Analog
Digital I/O.
External memory address 16.
Digital I/O.
External memory address 17.
Digital I/O.
External memory address 18.
Digital I/O.
External memory address 19.
Digital I/O.
Analog input 12.
Digital I/O.
Analog input 13.
Digital I/O.
Analog input 14.
Alternate CCP1 PWM out put C.
Digital I/O.
Analog input 15.
Alternate CCP1 PWM out put B.
DescriptionPIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8X
(5)
.
DD)
DS30491C-page 20 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
T ABLE 1-2:PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
ST= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I= Input O= Output
P= Power OD= Open-Drain (no P diode to V
Note 1:Alternate assignment for CCP2 in all operating modes except Microcontroller – applies to PIC18F8X8X only.
2:Default assignment when CCP2MX is set.
3:External memory interface functions are only available on PIC18F8X8X devices.
4:CCP2 is multiplexed with this pin by default when configured in Microcontroller mode; otherwise, it is
multiplexed with either RB3 or RC1.
5:PORTH and PORTJ are only available on PIC18F8X8X (80-pin) devices.
6:PSP is available in Microcontroller mode only.
7:On PIC18F8X8X devices, these pins can be multiplexed with RH7/RH6 by changing the ECCPMX
configuration bit.
——62
——61
——60
——59
——39
——40I/O
——42
——41
41, 56
38, 57
19, 36,
53, 68
2, 20,
37, 49
35, 52
11, 31,
51, 70
12, 32,
48, 71
———No connect.
Pin
Type
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
Buffer
Type
PORTJ is a bidirectional I/O port
ST
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
P—Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.
P—Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.
TTL
ST
TTL
ST
TTL
ST
TTL
ST
TTL
ST
TTL
ST
TTL
ST
TTL
Digital I/O.
External memory address latch
enable.
Digital I/O.
External memory output enable.
Digital I/O.
External memory write low control.
Digital I/O.
External memory write high control.
Digital I/O.
System bus byte address 0 control.
Digital I/O
External memory chip enable.
Digital I/O.
External memory low byte sele ct.
Digital I/O.
External memory high byte select.
DescriptionPIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8X
(5)
.
DD)
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 21
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
NOTES:
DS30491C-page 22 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
2.0OSCILLATOR
CONFIGURATIONS
2.1Oscillator Types
The PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 devices can be
operated in eleven different oscillator modes. The user
can program four configuration bits (FOSC3, FOSC2,
FOSC1 and FOSC0) to select one of these eleven
modes:
1.LPLow-Power Crystal
2.XTCrystal/Resonator
3.HSHigh-Speed Crystal/Resonator
4.RCExternal Resistor/Cap ac ito r
5.ECExternal Clock
6.ECIOExternal Clock with I/O
pin enabled
7.HS+PLLHigh-Speed Crystal/Resonator
with PLL enabled
8.RCIOExternal Resist or/Capacitor with
I/O pin enabled
9.ECIO+SPLL External Clock with software
controlled PLL
10. ECIO+PLLExternal Clock with PLL and I/O
pin enabled
11. HS+SPLLHigh-Speed Crystal/Resonator
with software control
2.2Crystal Oscillator/Ceramic
Resonators
In XT, LP, HS, HS+PLL or HS+SPLL Oscillator modes,
a crystal or ceramic resonator is connected to the OSC1
and OSC2 pins to establish oscillation. Figure 2-1
shows the pin connections.
The PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 oscillator design
requires the use of a parallel cut crystal.
Note:Use of a series cut crystal may give a fre-
quency out of the crystal manufacturers
specifications.
FIGURE 2-1:CRYSTAL/CERAMIC
RESONATOR OPERATION
(HS, XT OR LP
CONFIGURATION)
(1)
C1
(1)
C2
Note 1: See Table 2-1 and Table 2-2 for recommended
2: A series resistor (R
3: R
OSC1
XTAL
(2)
RS
OSC2
values of C1 and C2.
strip cut crystals.
F varies with the oscillator mode chosen.
(3)
RF
Sleep
PIC18FXX80/XX85
S) may be required for AT
To
Internal
Logic
T ABLE 2-1:CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR
CERAMIC RESONATORS
Ranges Tested:
ModeFreqC1C2
XT455 kHz
2.0 MHz
4.0 MHz
HS8.0 MHz
16.0 MHz
These values are for design guid ance only.
See notes following this table.
Resonators Used:
2.0 MHz Murata Erie CSA2.00MG± 0.5%
4.0 MHz Murata Erie CSA4.00MG± 0.5%
8.0 MHz Murata Erie CSA8.00MT± 0.5 %
16.0 MHz Murata Erie CSA16.00MX± 0.5%
All resonators used di d not have built-in capac itors.
68-100 pF
15-68 pF
15-68 pF
10-68 pF
10-22 pF
68-100 pF
15-68 pF
15-68 pF
10-68 pF
10-22 pF
Note 1: Hig her cap acitance increase s the stabi lity
of the oscillator, but also increases the
start-up time.
2: When operating below 3V V
DD, or when
using certain ceramic resonators at any
voltage, it may be necessary to use high
gain HS mode, try a lower frequency
resonator, or switch to a crystal oscillator.
3: Since each resonator/crystal has its own
characteristics, the user should consul t the
resonator/crystal manufacturer for appropriate values of external components, or
verify oscillator performance.
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 23
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
TABLE 2-2:CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
Ranges Tested:
ModeFreqC1C2
LP32.0 kHz33 pF33 pF
200 kHz15 pF15 pF
XT200 kHz47-68 pF47-68 pF
1.0 MHz15 pF15 pF
4.0 MHz15 pF15 pF
HS4.0 MHz15 pF15 pF
8.0 MHz15-33 pF15-33 pF
20.0 MHz15-33 pF15-33 pF
25.0 MHzTBDTBD
These values are for de sign guid ance only.
See notes following this table.
Note 1: Hi gher capac itance inc reases th e stabilit y
of the oscillator, but also increases the
start-up time.
2: Rs (see Figure 2-1) may be required in
HS mode, as we ll as XT mode , to avoid
overdriving crystals with low drive level
specifications.
3: Since each resonator/crystal has its own
characteristics, the user should consult the
resonator/crystal manufacturer for appropriate values of external components, or
verify oscillator performance.
An external clock source may also be connected to the
OSC1 pin in the HS, XT and LP modes, as shown in
Figure 2-2.
FIGURE 2-2:EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT
OPERATION (HS, XT OR
LP OSC CONFIG URAT ION)
Clock from
Ext. System
Open
OSC1
PIC18FXX80/XX85
OSC2
2.3RC Oscillator
For timing insensitive applications, the “RC” and
“RCIO” device options offer additional cost savings.
The RC oscillator frequency is a function of the supply
voltage, the resistor (R
ues and the operating temperature. In addition to this,
the oscillator frequency will vary from unit to unit, due
to normal process parameter variation. Furthermore,
the difference in lead frame cap acitance bet ween package types will also affect the oscillation frequency,
especially for low C
take into account variation due to tolerance of external
R and C components used. Figure 2-3 shows how the
R/C combination is connected.
In the RC Oscillator mode, the oscillator frequency
divided by 4 is available on the OSC2 pin. This signal
may be used f or t e st pu r pos es or t o sy nc hr o n iz e ot he r
logic.
FIGURE 2-3:RC OSCILLATOR MODE
VDD
REXT
CEXT
VSS
F
Recommended values: 3 kΩ ≤ REXT ≤ 100 kΩ
EXT) and capacitor (CEXT) val-
EXT values. Th e user also needs to
OSC1
Internal
Clock
PIC18FXX80/XX85
OSC2/CLKO
OSC/4
EXT > 20pF
C
The RCIO Oscillator mode functions like the RC mode
except that the OSC2 pin becomes an additional general purpose I/O pin. The I/O pin becomes bit 6 of
PORTA (RA6).
DS30491C-page 24 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
2.4External Clock Input
The EC, ECIO, EC+PLL and EC+SPLL Oscillator
modes require an external clock source to be connected to the OSC 1 pin. T he feed back device b etwee n
OSC1 and OSC2 is turned off in these modes to save
current. There is a maximum 1.5 µs start-up requ ired
after a Power-on Reset, or wake-up from Sleep mode.
In the EC Oscillator mode, the oscillator frequency
divided by 4 is available on the OSC2 pin. This signal
may be used f or t e st pu r pos es or t o sy nc hr o n iz e ot he r
logic. Figure 2-4 shows the pin connections for the EC
Oscillator mode.
FIGURE 2-4:EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT
OPERATION
(EC CONFIGURATION)
Clock from
Ext. System
F
OSC/4
The ECIO Oscillator mode func ti ons li ke t he EC m od e,
except that the OSC2 pin becomes an additional general purpose I/O pin. The I/O pin becomes bit 6 of
PORTA (RA6). Figure 2-5 shows the pin connections
for the ECIO Oscillator mode.
FIGURE 2-5:EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT
OSC1
PIC18FXX80/XX85
OSC2
OPERATION
(ECIO CONFIGURATION)
2.5Phase Locked Loop (PLL)
A Phase Locked Loop circuit is provided as a
programmable option for us ers that want to multip ly the
frequency of the in com in g osc il lat or s ig nal by 4 . For an
input clock frequency of 10 MHz, the internal clock
frequency will b e multipli ed to 40 MHz. This is usefu l for
customers who are concerned with EMI due to
high-frequency crystals.
The PLL can only be enabled when the oscillator configuration bits are programmed for High-Speed Oscillator
or External Clock mode. If they are programmed for any
other mode, the PLL is not enabled and the system clock
will come directly from OSC1. There are two types of
PLL modes: Software Controlled PLL and Configuration
bits Controlled PLL. In Software Controlled PLL mode,
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 executes at regular clock
frequency after all Reset conditions. During execution,
application can enable PLL and switch to 4x clock
frequency operation by setting the PLLEN bit in the
OSCCON register. In Configuration bits Controlled PLL
mode, PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 always executes
with 4x clock frequency.
The type of PLL is selected by programming the
FOSC<3:0> configuration bits in the CONFIG1H
Configuration register. The oscillator mode is specified
during device programming.
A PLL lock timer is used to ensure that the PLL has
locked before device execution starts. The PLL lock
timer has a time-out that is called T
PLL.
Clock from
Ext. System
RA6
OSC1
PIC18FXX80/XX85
I/O (OSC2)
FIGURE 2-6:PLL BLOCK DIAGRAM
PLL Enable
Phase
Comparator
F
IN
FOUT
Loop
Filter
Divide by 4
VCO
SYSCLK
MUX
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 25
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
2.6Oscillator Switching Feature
The PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 devices include a
feature that allows the system clock source to be
switched from the main oscillator to an alternate
low-frequency clock source. For the
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 devices, this alternate
clock source is the Timer1 oscillator. If a low-frequency
crystal (32 kHz, for ex am pl e ) ha s bee n at tac he d to the
Timer1 oscillator pins and the Timer1 oscillator has
been enabled, the device can switch to a low-power
FIGURE 2-7:DEVICE CLOCK SOURCES
PIC18FXX80/XX85
OSC2
OSC1
T1OSO
T1OSI
Main Oscillator
Sleep
Timer1 Oscillator
T1OSCEN
Enable
Oscillator
execution mode. Figure 2-7 shows a block diagram of
the system clock sources. The clock switching feature
is enabled by programming the Oscillator Switching
Enable (OSCSEN
) bit in configuration register,
CONFIG1H, to a ‘0’. Clock switching is disabled in an
erased device. See Se ction 12.0 “Timer1 Module” for
further details of the Timer1 oscillator . See Section 24.0“Special Features of the CPU” for configuration
register details.
4 x PLL
TOSC
TT1P
Tosc/4
MUX
Clock
Source
TSCLK
Clock Source Option
for other Modules
DS30491C-page 26 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
2.6.1SYSTEM CLOCK SWITCH BIT
The system clock source switching is p erformed under
software control. The System Clock Switch bits,
SCS1:SCS0 (OSCCON<1:0>), control the clock switching. When the SCS0 bit is ‘ 0’, the system cl ock source
comes from the main oscillator that is selected by the
FOSC configuration bits in configuration register,
CONFIG1H. When the SCS0 bit is set, the system clock
source will come from the Timer1 oscillator. The SCS0
bit is clear ed on al l fo rm s of R eset.
When FOSC bits are programmed for software PLL
mode, the SCS1 bit c an be us ed to select between primary oscillator/clo ck and PLL output . The SCS1 bit wil l
only have an effect on the system clock if the PLL is
REGISTER 2-1:OSCCON REGISTER
U-0U-0U-0U-0R/W-0R/W-0R/W-0R/W-0
————LOCKPLLENSCS1SCS0
bit 7bit 0
bit 7-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 3LOCK: Phase Lock Loop Lock Status bit
1 = Phase Lock Loop output is stable as system clock
0 = Phase Lock Loop output is not stable and output cannot be used as system clock
(1)
bit 2PLLEN
1 = Enable Phase Lock Loop output as system clock
0 = Disable Phase Lock Loop
bit 1SCS1: System Clock Switch bit 1
When PLLEN and LOCK bits are set:
1 = Use PLL output
0 = Use primary oscillator/clock input pin
When PLLEN or LOCK bit is cleared:
Bit is forced clear.
bit 0SCS0
When
1 = Switch to Timer1 oscillator/clock pin
0 = Use primary oscillator/clock input pin
When
Bit is forced clear.
: Phase Lock Loop Enable bit
(2)
: System Clock Switch bit 0
OSCSEN configuration bit = 0 and T1OSCEN bit = 1:
OSCSEN and T1OSCEN are in other states:
Note 1: PLLEN bit is ignored when configured for ECIO+PLL and HS+PLL. This bit is used
in ECIO+SPLL and HS+SPLL modes only.
2: The setting of SCS0 = 1 supersedes SCS1 = 1.
enabled (PLLEN = 1) and locked (LOCK = 1), else it will
be forced clear. When programmed with Configuration
Controlled PLL mode, the SCS1 bit w ill be forced c lear .
Note:The Timer1 oscillator must be enabled
and operating to switch the system clock
source. The Timer1 oscillator is enabled
by setting the T1OSCEN bit in the Timer1
Control register (T1CON). If the Timer1
oscillator is not enabled, then any write to
the SCS0 bit will be ignored (SCS0 bit
forced cleared) and the main osci llator w ill
continue to be the system clock source.
Legend:
R = Readable bitW = Writable bitU = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR‘1’ = Bit is set‘0’ = Bit is clearedx = Bit is unknown
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 27
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
2.6.2OSCILLATOR TRANSITIONS
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 devices contain circuitry
to prevent “glitches” when switching between oscillator
sources. Essentially, the circuitry waits for eight rising
edges of the clock source that the processor is switching to. This e ns ures t hat the new clock source is st abl e
and that its pulse wid th will not be less than the sho rtest
pulse width of the two clock sources.
A timing diagram, indicating the transition from the
main oscillator to the Timer1 oscillator, is shown in
Figure 2-8. The Timer1 oscillator is assu med to be run-
The sequence of events that takes place when switching from the Timer1 oscillator to the main oscillator will
depend on the mode of the main oscillator. In addition
to eight clock cycles of the main oscillator, additional
delays may take place.
If the main oscillator is configured for an external
crystal (HS, XT, LP), then the transition will take place
after an oscillator start-up time (T
OST) has occurred. A
timing diagram, indicating the transition from the
Timer1 oscillator to the main oscillator for HS, XT and
LP modes, is shown in Figure 2-9.
ning all the time. After the SCS0 bit is set, the processor
is frozen at the next occurring Q1 cycle. After eight
synchronization cycles are counted from the Timer1
oscillator, operation resumes. No additional delays are
required after the synchronization cycles.
FIGURE 2-8:TIMING DIAGRAM FOR TRANSITION FROM OSC1 TO TIMER1 OSCILLATOR
Q1
T1OSI
OSC1
Internal
System
Clock
SCS
(OSCCON<0>)
Program
Counter
TOSC
Q1
TDLY
TT1P
21345678
TSCS
PC + 2PC
Q3Q2Q1Q4Q3Q2
Q4Q1
Q2Q3Q4Q1
PC + 4
Note:TDLY is the delay from SCS high to first count of transition circuit.
FIGURE 2-9:TIMING FOR TRANSITION BETWEEN TIMER1 AND OSC1 (HS, XT, LP)
Q3Q4
T1OSI
OSC1
Internal
System Clock
(OSCCON<0>)
Note:TOST = 1024 TOSC (drawing not to scale).
SCS
Program
Counter
PCPC + 2
Q1
TOST
TT1P
12345678
TSCS
TOSC
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
Q3
PC + 6
DS30491C-page 28 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
If the main oscillator is configured for HS mode with
PLL active, an oscillator start-up time (T
additional PLL time -out (T
PLL) will occur . The PLL tim e-
OST) plus an
out is typically 2 ms and allows the PLL to lock to the
main oscillator frequency. A timing diagram, indicating
the transition from the Timer1 oscillator to the main
If the main oscillator is configured for EC mode with PLL
active, only the PLL time-out (T
time-out is typically 2 ms and allows the PLL to lock to
the main oscillator frequency. A timing diagram, indicating the transition from the Timer1 oscillator to the main
oscillator for EC with PLL active, is shown in Figure 2-11.
oscillator for HS-PLL mode, is shown in Figure 2-10.
FIGURE 2-10:TIMING FOR TRANSITION BETWEEN TIMER1 AND OSC1
(HS WITH PLL ACTIVE, SCS1 = 1)
Q4Q1
T1OSI
OSC1
TOST
PLL Clock
Input
Internal System
(OSCCON<0>)
Program Counter
Note:TOST = 1024 TOSC (drawing not to scale).
Clock
SCS
PCPC + 2
TPLL
TT1P
TOSC
1 234 5678
TSCS
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
PLL) will occur. The PLL
Q3
Q4
PC + 4
FIGURE 2-11:TIMING FOR T R ANSITION BETWEEN TIMER1 AND OSC1
(EC WITH PLL ACTIVE, SCS1 = 1)
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
T1OSI
OSC1
PLL Clock
Input
Internal System
(OSCCON<0>)
Program Counter
Clock
SCS
Q4Q1
TPLL
TOSC
PCPC + 2
TT1P
TSCS
1 234 5678
Q3
PC + 4
Q4
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 29
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
If the main oscillato r is c onfigur ed in th e RC, R CIO, EC
or ECIO modes, th ere is no os cillator start-up time-out.
Operation will resume after eight cycles of the main
oscillator have been counted. A timing diagram, indicating the transition from the Timer1 oscillator to the
main oscillator for RC, RCIO, EC and ECIO modes, is
shown in Figure 2-12.
FIGURE 2-12:TIMING FOR TRANSITION BETWEEN TIMER1 AND OSC1 (RC, EC)
Q3Q4
T1OSI
OSC1
Internal System
Note:RC Oscillator mode assumed.
Clock
(OSCCON<0>)
SCS
Program
Counter
PC
Q1
T
OSC
1
TT1P
23
45678
TSCS
PC + 2
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3
PC + 4
Q4
DS30491C-page 30 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
2.7Effects of Sleep Mode on the
On-Chip Oscillator
When the device e xecutes a SLEEP i nstructio n, the onchip clocks and oscillator are turn ed off and the device
is held at the beginning of an instruction cycle (Q1
state). With the oscillator off, the OSC1 and OSC2
signals will stop oscillating. Since all the transistor
switching currents have been removed, Sleep mode
achieves the lowest current consumption of the device
(only leakage currents). Enabling any on-chip feature
that will operate during Sleep will increase the current
consumed during Sleep. The user can wake from
Sleep through external Reset, Watchdog Timer Reset,
or through an interrupt.
TABLE 2-3:OSC1 AND OSC2 PIN STATES IN SLEEP MODE
OSC ModeOSC1 PinOSC2 Pin
RCFloating, external resistor should pull highAt logic low
RCIOFloating, external resistor should pull highConfigured as PORTA, bit 6
ECIOFloatingConfigured as PORTA, bit 6
ECFloatingAt logic low
LP, XT, and HSFeedback inverter disabled at
quiescent voltage level
Note:See Table 3-1 in Section 3.0 “Reset”, for time-outs due to Sleep and MCLR
2.8Power-up Delays
Power-up delays are con trolled by two time rs so that no
external Reset circuitry is required for most applications. The delays ensure that the device is kept in
Reset until the device power supply and clock are stable. For additional information on Reset operation, see
Section 3.0 “Reset”.
The first timer is the Power-up Timer (PWRT) which
optionally provid es a fix ed delay of 72 ms (nominal) on
power-up only (POR and BOR). The second timer is
the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST), intended to keep
the chip in Reset until the crystal oscillator is stable.
With the PLL enabled (HS+PLL and EC+PLL Oscillator
mode), the time-out sequence following a Power-on
Reset is different from other oscillator modes. The
time-out sequence is as follows: First, the PWRT timeout is invoked after a POR time delay has expired.
Then, the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) is invoked.
However, this is still not a sufficient amount of time to
allow the PLL to lock at high frequencies. The PWRT
timer is used to provide an additional fixed 2 ms
(nominal) time-out to allow the PLL ample time to lock
to the incoming clock frequency.
Feedback inverter disabled at
quiescent voltage level
Reset.
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 31
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
NOTES:
DS30491C-page 32 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
3.0RESET
Most registers are not affected by a WDT wake-up
since this is viewed as the resumption of normal oper-
The PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 devices differentiate
between various kinds of Reset:
a)Power-on Reset (POR)
b)MCLR
Reset during normal operation
c)MCLR Reset during Sleep
d)Watchdog Timer (WDT) Reset (during normal
ation. Status bits from the RCON register, R I, TO, PD,
and BOR, are set or cleared differently in different
POR
Reset situations, as indicated in Table 3-2. These bits
are used in software to determine the nature of the
Reset. See Table 3-3 for a full description of the Reset
states of all registers.
A simplified block di agram of the On-Chip Reset Circu it
is shown in Figure 3- 1.
The Enhanced MCU devices have a MCLR
in the MCLR
ignore small puls es. T he MC LR
Reset path. The filter will detect and
pin is not driv en lo w b y
any internal Resets, including the WDT.
Most registers are unaffected by a Reset. Their status
is unknown on POR and unchanged by all other
Resets. The other registers are forced to a “Reset
state” on Power-on Reset, MCL R
out Reset, MCLR
Reset during Sleep and by the
, WDT Reset, Brown-
RESET instruction.
FIGURE 3-1:SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT
RESET
Instruction
Stack
Pointer
Stack Full/Underflow Reset
noise filter
MCLR
VDD
OSC1
Module
DD Rise
V
Detect
Brown-out
OST/PWRT
On-chip
RC OSC
External Reset
WDT
Reset
(1)
WDT
Time-out
Reset
OST
10-bit Ripple Counter
PWRT
10-bit Ripple Counter
SLEEP
Power-on Reset
BOREN
Enable PWRT
Enable OST
S
Chip_Reset
R
(2)
Q
Note 1: This is a separate oscillator from the RC oscillator of the CLKI pin.
2: See Table 3-1 for time-out situations.
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 33
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
.
t
l
3.1Power-on Reset (POR)
A Power-on Reset pulse is generated on-chip when
DD rise is detected. To take advan tage of t he POR cir-
V
cuitry, tie the MCLR
tor to V
DD. This will eliminate external RC components
pin through a 1 k Ω to 1 0 kΩ resis-
usually needed to create a Power-on Reset delay. A
minimum rise rate for V
DD is specified (parameter
D004). For a slow rise time, see Figure 3-2.
When the device st arts normal operation (i.e., exits th e
Reset condition), device operating parameters (voltage, frequency, temperature, etc.) must be met to
ensure operation. If these conditions are not met, the
device must be held in Reset until the operating
conditions are met.
FIGURE 3-2:EXTERNAL POWER-ON
RESET CIRCUIT (FOR
SLOW V
DD
V
D
R
C
Note 1: External Power-on Reset circuit is required
only if the V
The diode D helps discharge the capacitor
quickly when V
2: R < 40 kΩ is recommended to make sure tha
the voltage drop across R does not violate
the device’s electrical specification.
3: R1 = 1 kΩ to 10 kΩ will limit any current flow-
ing into MCLR
the event of MCLR/
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) or Electrica
Overstress (EOS).
DD power-up slope is too slow
DD POWER-UP)
R1
MCLR
PIC18FXX8X
DD powers down.
from external capacitor C, in
VPP pin breakdown due to
3.2Power-up Timer (PWRT)
The Power-up Timer provides a fixed nominal time-out
(parameter #33) only on power-up from the POR. The
Power-up Timer operates on an internal RC oscillator.
The chip is kept in Reset as long as the PWRT is active.
The PWRT’s time delay allows V
acceptable level. A configuration bit is provided to
enable/disable the PWRT.
The power-up time delay will vary fr om chip-to-ch ip due
DD, temperature and process variation. See DC
to V
parameter #33 for deta ils.
DD to rise to an
3.3Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
The Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) provides 1024
oscillator cycles (from OSC1 input) delay after the
PWRT delay is over (para meter #32). Th is ensures th at
the crystal oscillator or resonator has started and
stabilized.
The OST time-out is invoked only for XT, LP and HS
modes and only on Power-on Reset, or wake-up from
Sleep.
3.4PLL Lock Time-out
With the PLL enabled, the time-ou t sequen ce foll owin g
a Power-on Reset is different from other oscillator
modes. A portion of the Po wer-up Timer is used to provide a fixed time-out th at is suff icient for the PLL to lock
to the main oscillator fre quenc y. This PLL lock time-out
PLL) is typically 2 ms and follows the oscillator
(T
start-up time-out (OST).
3.5Brown-out Reset (BOR)
A configuration bit, BOREN, can disable (if clear/
programmed), or enable (if set) the Brown-out Reset
circuitry. If V
DD falls below parameter D005 for greater
than parameter #35, the brown-out situation will reset
the chip. A Reset may not occur if VDD falls below
parameter D005 for less than p aram et er #35 . The chip
will remain in Brown-out Reset until VDD rises above
DD. If the Power-up Timer is enabled, it will be
BV
invoked after V
DD rises above BVDD; it then will keep
the chip in Reset for an additional time delay (parameter #33). If VDD drops below BVDD while the Power-up
Timer is ru nni ng, the chip will go back into a Brow n-o ut
Reset and the Power-up Timer will be initialized. Once
DD rises above BVDD, the Power-up Timer will
V
execute the additional time delay.
3.6Time-out Sequence
On power-up, the time-out sequence is as follows:
First, PWRT time-out is invoked after the POR time
delay has expi red. Then, OST is activ ated. The total
time-out will vary based on oscillator configuration and
the status of th e PWRT. Fo r e xam pl e, in RC m ode wi th
the PWRT disabled, there will be no time-out at all.
Figure 3-3, Figure 3-4, Figure 3-5, Figure 3-6 and
Figure 3-7 depict time-out sequences on power-up.
Since the time-outs occur from the POR pulse, the
time-outs will expire if MCLR
Bringing MCLR
high will begin execution immediately
(Figure 3-5). This is useful for testing purposes or to
synchronize more than one PIC18FXX8X device
operating in parallel.
Table 3-2 shows the Reset conditions f or some Special
Function Registers while Table 3-3 shows the Reset
conditions for all of the registers.
is kept low long enough.
DS30491C-page 34 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
TABLE 3-1:TIME-OUT IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS
Oscillator
Configuration
HS with PLL enabled
EC with PLL enabled
HS, XT, LP72 ms + 1024 TOSC1024 TOSC1024 TOSC1024 TOSC
EC72 ms1.5 µs1.5 µs1.5 µs
External RC72 ms1.5 µs1.5 µs1.5 µs
Note 1: 2 ms is the nominal time required for the 4x PLL to lock.
2:72 ms is the nominal power-up timer delay if implemented.
3:1.5 µs is the recovery time from Sleep. There is no recovery time from oscillator switch.
(1)
(1)
PWRTE = 0PWRTE = 1
72 ms + 1024 TOSC + 2ms1024 TOSC + 2 ms 1024 TOSC + 2 ms1024 TOSC + 2 ms
72 ms + 2ms1.5 µs + 2 ms2 ms1.5 µs + 2 ms
Power-up
REGISTER 3-1:RCON REGISTER BITS AND POSITIONS
R/W-0U-0U-0R/W-1R/W-1R/W-1R/W-1R/W-0
IPEN
bit 7bit 0
Note:Refer to Section 4.14 “RCON Register” for bit definitions.
——RITOPDPORBOR
(2)
Brown-out
Wake-up from
Sleep or
Oscillator Switch
(3)
TABLE 3-2:STATUS BITS, THEIR SIGNIFICANCE AND THE INITIALIZATION CONDITION FOR
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, – = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
Note 1:When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEH or GIEL bits are set, the PC is loaded with the
interrupt vector (000008h or 0000 18h ).
Program
Counter
0000h0--u uuuuuuuuuuu
0000h0--0 uuuu0uuuuuu
0000h0--u uu11uuuuuu1
0000h0--u uu11uuuuu1u
(1)
RCON
Register
u--u 00uuu10uuuu
TOPDPORBORSTKFULSTKUNF
RI
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 35
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
TABLE 3-3:INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS
Shaded cells indicate condi tions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1:One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2:When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the
interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h).
3:When the wake -up i s due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the T O SU, T O SH an d TOSL are
updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the
hardware stack.
4:See Table 3-2 for Reset value for specific condition.
5:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA, and TRISA are enabled in ECIO and RCIO Oscillator modes only. In all other
oscillator modes, they are disabled and read ‘0’.
6:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA and TRISA are not available on all devices. When unimplemented, they read ‘0’.
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until ECAN is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
WDT Reset
RESET Instruction
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
Stack Resets
---0 0000---0 uuuu
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
DS30491C-page 36 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
TABLE 3-3:INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.
Note 1:One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2:When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the
3:When the wake -up i s due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the T O SU, T O SH an d TOSL are
4:See Table 3-2 for Reset value for specific condition.
5:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA, and TRISA are enabled in ECIO and RCIO Oscillator modes only. In all other
6:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA and TRISA are not available on all devices. When unimplemented, they read ‘0’.
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until ECAN is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8X
Shaded cells indicate condi tions do not apply for the designated device.
interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h).
updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the
hardware stack.
oscillator modes, they are disabled and read ‘0’.
Power-on Reset,
Brown-out Reset
xxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
WDT Reset
RESET Instruction
Stack Resets
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
DS30491C-page 38 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
TABLE 3-3:INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate condi tions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1:One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2:When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the
interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h).
3:When the wake -up i s due to an i nterrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, T OSH an d T O SL are
updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the
hardware stack.
4:See Table 3-2 for Reset value for specific condition.
5:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA, and TRISA are enabled in ECIO and RCIO Oscillator modes only. In all other
oscillator modes, they are disabled and read ‘0’.
6:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA and TRISA are not available on all devices. When unimplemented, they read ‘0’.
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until ECAN is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
WDT Reset
RESET Instruction
Stack Resets
-111 1111
-uuu uuuu
(5)
(5)
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
-uuu uuuu
-uuu uuuu
(1)
(1)
(5)
(5)
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 39
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
TABLE 3-3:INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.
Note 1:One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2:When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the
3:When the wake -up i s due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the T O SU, T O SH an d TOSL are
4:See Table 3-2 for Reset value for specific condition.
5:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA, and TRISA are enabled in ECIO and RCIO Oscillator modes only. In all other
6:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA and TRISA are not available on all devices. When unimplemented, they read ‘0’.
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until ECAN is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8X
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8X-x0x 0000
Shaded cells indicate condi tions do not apply for the designated device.
interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h).
updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the
hardware stack.
oscillator modes, they are disabled and read ‘0’.
Power-on Reset,
Brown-out Reset
xxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
(5)
WDT Reset
RESET Instruction
Stack Resets
-u0u 0000
(5)
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
-uuu uuuu
(5)
DS30491C-page 40 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
TABLE 3-3:INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Shaded cells indicate condi tions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1:One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2:When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the
interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h).
3:When the wake -up i s due to an i nterrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, T OSH an d T O SL are
updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the
hardware stack.
4:See Table 3-2 for Reset value for specific condition.
5:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA, and TRISA are enabled in ECIO and RCIO Oscillator modes only. In all other
oscillator modes, they are disabled and read ‘0’.
6:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA and TRISA are not available on all devices. When unimplemented, they read ‘0’.
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until ECAN is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
Power-on Reset,
Brown-out Reset
WDT Reset
RESET Instruction
Stack Resets
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 41
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
TABLE 3-3:INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Shaded cells indicate condi tions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1:One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2:When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the
interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h).
3:When the wake -up i s due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the T O SU, T O SH an d TOSL are
updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the
hardware stack.
4:See Table 3-2 for Reset value for specific condition.
5:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA, and TRISA are enabled in ECIO and RCIO Oscillator modes only. In all other
oscillator modes, they are disabled and read ‘0’.
6:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA and TRISA are not available on all devices. When unimplemented, they read ‘0’.
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until ECAN is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
Power-on Reset,
Brown-out Reset
WDT Reset
RESET Instruction
Stack Resets
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
DS30491C-page 42 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
TABLE 3-3:INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Shaded cells indicate condi tions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1:One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2:When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the
interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h).
3:When the wake -up i s due to an i nterrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, T OSH an d T O SL are
updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the
hardware stack.
4:See Table 3-2 for Reset value for specific condition.
5:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA, and TRISA are enabled in ECIO and RCIO Oscillator modes only. In all other
oscillator modes, they are disabled and read ‘0’.
6:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA and TRISA are not available on all devices. When unimplemented, they read ‘0’.
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until ECAN is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
Power-on Reset,
Brown-out Reset
WDT Reset
RESET Instruction
Stack Resets
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 43
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
TABLE 3-3:INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate condi tions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1:One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2:When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the
interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h).
3:When the wake -up i s due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the T O SU, T O SH an d TOSL are
updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the
hardware stack.
4:See Table 3-2 for Reset value for specific condition.
5:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA, and TRISA are enabled in ECIO and RCIO Oscillator modes only. In all other
oscillator modes, they are disabled and read ‘0’.
6:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA and TRISA are not available on all devices. When unimplemented, they read ‘0’.
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until ECAN is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
WDT Reset
RESET Instruction
Stack Resets
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
DS30491C-page 44 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
TABLE 3-3:INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Resets
MCLR
RegisterApplicable Devices
(7)
B3D4
(7)
B3D3
(7)
B3D2
(7)
B3D1
(7)
B3D0
B3DLC
B3EIDL
B3EIDH
B3SIDL
B3SIDH
B3CON
(7)
B2D7
(7)
B2D6
(7)
B2D5
(7)
B2D4
(7)
B2D3
(7)
B2D2
(7)
B2D1
(7)
B2D0
B2DLC
B2EIDL
B2EIDH
B2SIDL
B2SIDH
B2CON
(7)
B1D7
(7)
B1D6
(7)
B1D5
(7)
B1D4
(7)
B1D3
(7)
B1D2
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8X-xxx xxxx-uuu uuuu-uuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx x-xxuuuu u-uuuuuu u-uu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8X0000 00000000 0000uuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8X-xxx xxxx-uuu uuuu-uuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx x-xxuuuu u-uuuuuu u-uu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8X0000 00000000 0000uuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
PIC18F6X8X PIC18F8X8Xxxxx xxxxuuuu uuuuuuuu uuuu
Power-on Reset,
Brown-out Reset
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate condi tions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1:One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2:When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the
interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h).
3:When the wake -up i s due to an i nterrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, T OSH an d T O SL are
updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the
hardware stack.
4:See Table 3-2 for Reset value for specific condition.
5:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA, and TRISA are enabled in ECIO and RCIO Oscillator modes only. In all other
oscillator modes, they are disabled and read ‘0’.
6:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA and TRISA are not available on all devices. When unimplemented, they read ‘0’.
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until ECAN is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
WDT Reset
RESET Instruction
Stack Resets
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 45
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
TABLE 3-3:INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate condi tions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1:One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2:When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the
interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h).
3:When the wake -up i s due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the T O SU, T O SH an d TOSL are
updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the
hardware stack.
4:See Table 3-2 for Reset value for specific condition.
5:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA, and TRISA are enabled in ECIO and RCIO Oscillator modes only. In all other
oscillator modes, they are disabled and read ‘0’.
6:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA and TRISA are not available on all devices. When unimplemented, they read ‘0’.
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until ECAN is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
WDT Reset
RESET Instruction
Stack Resets
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
DS30491C-page 46 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
TABLE 3-3:INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate condi tions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1:One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2:When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the
interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h).
3:When the wake -up i s due to an i nterrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, T OSH an d T O SL are
updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the
hardware stack.
4:See Table 3-2 for Reset value for specific condition.
5:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA, and TRISA are enabled in ECIO and RCIO Oscillator modes only. In all other
oscillator modes, they are disabled and read ‘0’.
6:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA and TRISA are not available on all devices. When unimplemented, they read ‘0’.
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until ECAN is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
WDT Reset
RESET Instruction
Stack Resets
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 47
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
TABLE 3-3:INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate condi tions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1:One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2:When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the
interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h).
3:When the wake -up i s due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the T O SU, T O SH an d TOSL are
updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the
hardware stack.
4:See Table 3-2 for Reset value for specific condition.
5:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA, and TRISA are enabled in ECIO and RCIO Oscillator modes only. In all other
oscillator modes, they are disabled and read ‘0’.
6:Bit 6 of PORTA, LATA and TRISA are not available on all devices. When unimplemented, they read ‘0’.
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until ECAN is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
WDT Reset
RESET Instruction
Stack Resets
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
DS30491C-page 48 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
FIGURE 3-3:TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD VIA 1 kΩ RESISTOR)
VDD
MCLR
INTERNAL POR
TPWRT
PWRT TIME-OUT
OST TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
TOST
FIGURE 3-4:TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR
VDD
MCLR
INTERNAL POR
PWRT TI ME-OUT
OST TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
TPWRT
NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 1
TOST
FIGURE 3-5:TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR
VDD
MCLR
INTERNAL POR
TPWRT
PWRT TIME-OUT
OST TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 49
NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 2
TOST
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
FIGURE 3-6:SLOW RISE TIME (MCLR TIED TO VDD VIA 1 kΩ RESISTOR)
5V
VDD
MCLR
INTERNAL POR
0V
PWRT
T
1V
PWRT TIME-OUT
OST TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RES ET
TOST
FIGURE 3-7:TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POR W/ PLL ENABLED
(MCLR
VDD
MCLR
IINTERNAL POR
PWRT TIME-OUT
OST TIME-OUT
TIED TO VDD VIA 1 kΩ RESISTOR)
TPWRT
TOST
TPLL
PLL TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
Note:TOST = 1024 clock cycles.
T
PLL≈ 2 ms max. First three stages of the PWRT timer.
DS30491C-page 50 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
4.0MEMORY ORGANIZATION
There are three memory blocks in
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 devices. They are:
• Program Memory
• Data RAM
• Data EEPROM
Data and program memory use separate busses which
allows for concurrent access of these blocks. Additional
detailed information for Flash program memory and data
EEPROM is provided in Section 5.0 “Flash ProgramMemory” and Section 7.0 “Data EEPROM Memory”,
respectively.
In addition to on-chip Flash, the PIC18F8X8X devices
are also capable of accessing external program memory through an external mem ory bus. Depending on the
selected operating mode (discussed in Section 4.1.1“PIC18F8X8X Program Memory Modes”), the
controllers may access either internal or external program memory exc lusivel y, or both internal and ext ernal
memory in selected blocks. Additional information on
the external memory interface is provided in
Section 6.0 “External Memory Interface”.
4.1Program Memory Organization
A 21-bit program counter is capable of addressing the
2-Mbyte program memory space. Accessing a location
between the physically implemented memory and the
2-Mbyte address will cause a read of all ‘0’s (a NOP
instruction).
The PIC18F6585 and PIC18F8585 each have
48 Kbytes of on-chip Flash memory, while the
PIC18F6680 and PIC18F8680 have 64 Kbytes of Flash.
This means that PIC18FX585 devices can store inter nally up to 24,576 single-word instructions and
PIC18FX680 devices can store up to 32,768 single-word
instructions.
The Reset vector address is at 0000h and the interru pt
vector addresses are at 0008h and 0018h.
Figure 4-1 shows the program memory map for
PIC18F6585/8585 devices while Figure 4-2 shows the
program memory map for PIC18F6680/8680 devices.
4.1.1PIC18F8X8X PROGRAM MEMORY
MODES
PIC18F8X8X devices differ significantly from their
PIC18 predecessors in their utilization of program
memory . In addition t o availa ble on-ch ip Flash program
memory, these controllers can also address up to
2 Mbytes of external program memory through the
external memory interface. There are four distinct
operating modes available to the controllers:
• Microprocessor (MP)
• Microprocessor with Boot Block (MPBB)
• Extended Microcontroller (EMC)
• Microcontroller (MC)
The Program Memory mode is determined by setting
the two Least Significant bits of the CONFIG3L configuration byte, as shown in Register 4-1. (See also
Section 24.1 “Configuration Bits” for additional
details on the device configuration bits.)
The Program Memory modes operate as follows:
•The Microprocesso r Mod e permits access only
to external program memory; the contents of the
on-chip Flash memory are ignore d. The 21-bit
program counter permits access to a 2-MByte
linear program memory space.
•The Microprocesso r wit h Boot Block Mode
accesses on-chip Flash memory from addresses
000000h to 0007FFh. Above this, external
program memory is accessed all the way up to
the 2-MByte limit. Program execution automatically switches between the two memories as
required.
•The Microcontroller Mode accesses only
on-chip Flash memory. Attempts to read above
the physical limit of th e on-chip Flash (0BFFFh for
the PIC18F8585, 0FFFFh for the PIC18F8680)
causes a read of all ‘0’s (a NOP instruction).
The Microcontroller mode is the only operating
mode available to PIC18F6X8X devices.
•The Extended Microcontroller Mode allows
access to both internal and external program
memories as a single block. The device can
access its entire on-chip Flash memory; above
this, the device accesses external program memory up to the 2-MByte program space limit. As
with Boot Block mode, execution automatically
switches between the two memories as required.
In all modes, the microcontroller has complete access
to data RAM and EEPROM.
Figure 4-3 compares the memory map s o f th e d ifferent
Program Memory modes. Th e differences between onchip and external memory access limitations are more
fully explained in Table 4-1.
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 51
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
FIGURE 4-1:INTERNAL PROGRAM
MEMORY MAP AND
STACK FOR
PIC18F6585/8585
PC<20:0>
CALL,RCALL,RETURN
RETFIE,RETLW
Stack Level 1
Stack Level 31
Reset Vector
High Priority Interrupt Vector
Low Priority Interrupt Vector
On-Chip Flash
Program Memory
21
•
•
•
000000h
000008h
000018h
00BFFFh
00C000h
FIGURE 4-2:INTERNAL PROGRAM
MEMORY MAP AND
STACK FOR
PIC18F6680/8680
PC<20:0>
CALL,RCALL,RETURN
RETFIE,RETLW
Stack Level 1
Stack Level 31
Reset Vector
High Priority Interrupt Vector
Low Priori ty In t e r r u pt Vector
On-Chip Flash
Program Memory
21
•
•
•
000000h
000008h
000018h
00FFFFh
010000h
1FFFFFh
200000h
Read ‘0’
User Memory Space
Read ‘0’
1FFFFFh
200000h
TABLE 4-1:MEMORY ACCESS FOR PIC18F8X8X PROGRAM MEMORY MODES
Internal Program MemoryExternal Program Memory
Operating Mode
MicroprocessorNo AccessNo AccessNo AccessYesYesYes
Microproce ss or w/
R = Readable bitP = Programmable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value after erase‘1’ = Bit is set‘0’ = Bit is clearedx = Bit is unknown
FIGURE 4-3:MEMORY MAPS FOR PIC18F8X8X PROGRAM MEMORY MODES
Microprocessor
Mode
000000h
External
Program
Memory
Program Space Execution
1FFFFFh
External
MemoryFlash
Note 1: PIC18F6585 and PIC18F8585.
2: PIC18F6680 and PIC18F8680.
On-Chip
Program
Memory
(No
access)
On-Chip
000000h
0007FFh
000800h
1FFFFFh
Microprocessor
with Boot Block
Mode
External
Program
Memory
External
MemoryFlash
On-Chip
Program
Memory
On-Chip
000000h
00BFFFh
00FFFFh
00C000h
010000h
1FFFFFh
Microcontroller
Mode
On-Chip
Program
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
Memory
Reads
‘0’s
On-Chip
Flash
000000h
00BFFFh
00FFFFh
00C000h
010000h
1FFFFFh
Extended
Microcontroller
Mode
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
External
Program
Memory
External
Memory
On-Chip
Program
Memory
On-Chip
Flash
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 53
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
4.2Return Address Stack
The return address s tack allows any combination of u p
to 31 program calls and interrupts to occur. The PC
(Program Counter) is pushed onto the stack when a
CALL or RCALL instruction is execute d or an interrup t is
Acknowledged. The PC val ue is pul led of f th e stack on
a RETURN, RETLW, or a RETFIE instruction. PCLATU
and PCLATH are not affected by any of the RETURN or
CALL instructions.
The stack operates as a 31-word by 21-bit RAM and a
5-bit stack pointer, with the stack pointer initialized to
00000b after all Resets. There is no RAM as sociated
with stack pointer 00000b. This is only a Reset value.
During a CALL type instruc tion caus ing a push o nto the
stack, the stack pointer is first incremented and the
RAM location pointed to by the stack pointer is written
with the contents of the PC. During a RETURN type
instruction causing a pop from the stack, the contents
of the RAM location pointed to by the STKPTR are
transferred to the PC and then the stack pointer is
decremented.
The stack space is not part of either program or data
space. The stack po inter is r eadabl e and writabl e and
the address on the top of the stac k is readab le and writable through SFR registers. Data can also be pushed
to or popped from the stack, using the top-of-stack
SFRs. Status bits indicate if the stack pointer is at or
beyond the 31 levels provided.
4.2.1TOP-OF-STACK ACCESS
The top of the stack is readable and writable. Three
register locations, TOSU, TOSH and TOSL, hold the
contents of the stack location pointed to by the
STKPTR register. This allows users to implement a
software stack if necessary. After a CALL, RCALL or
interrupt, the software can read the pushed value by
reading the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL registers. These
values can be placed on a us er defined s oftware st ack.
At return time, the software can replace the TOSU,
TOSH and TOSL and do a return.
The user must disable the global interrupt enable bits
during this time to prevent inadvertent stack
operations.
4.2.2RETURN STACK POINTER
(STKPTR)
The STKPTR register contains the stack pointer value,
the STKFUL (Stack Full) status bit, and the STKUNF
(Stack Underflow) status bits. Register 4-2 shows the
STKPTR register. The value of the stack pointer can be
0 through 31. The stack pointer increments when values
are pushed onto the stack and decrements when values
are popped off the stack. At Reset, the stack pointer
value will be ‘0’. The user may read and write the stack
pointer value. This feature can be used by a Real-Time
Operating System for return stack maintenance.
After the PC is pus hed on to the st ack 31 tim es (wi thout
popping any values off the stack), the STKFUL bit is
set. The STKFUL bit can on ly be cleared in so ftware or
by a POR.
The action that takes place when the stack becomes
full depends on the state of the STVREN (Stack
Overflow Reset Enable) configuration bit. Refer to
Section 25.0 “Instruction Set Summary” for a
description of the device configuration bits. If STVREN
is set (default), the 31st push will push the (PC + 2)
value onto the stack, set the STKFUL bit and reset the
device. The STKFUL bit will remain set and the stack
pointer will be set to ‘0’.
If STVREN is cleared, the STKFUL bit will be set on the
31st push and the stack pointer will increment to 31.
Any additional pushes will not overwrite the 31st push
and STKPTR will remain at 31.
When the stack has been popped enough times to
unload the stac k, the next pop will ret urn a value of zero
to the PC and sets the STKUNF bit while the stack
pointer remains at ‘0’. The STKUNF bit will remain set
until cleared in software or a POR occurs.
Note:Returning a value of zero to the PC on an
underflow has the effect of vectoring the
program to the Reset vector, where the
stack conditions can be verified and
appropriate actions can be taken.
DS30491C-page 54 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
REGISTER 4-2:STKPTR REGISTER
R/C-0R/C-0U-0R/W-0R/W-0R/W-0R/W-0R/W-0
(1)
STKFUL
bit 7bit 0
bit 7STKFUL: Stack Full Flag bit
1 = Stack became full or overflowed
0 = Stack has not become full or overflowed
bit 6STKUNF: Stack Underflow Flag bit
1 = Stack underflow occurred
0 = Stack underflow did not occur
bit 5Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 4-0SP4:SP0: Stack Pointer Location bits
Note 1: Bit 7 and bit 6 can only be cleared in user software or by a POR.
Legend:
C = Clearable bitR = Readable bitU = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ W = Writable bit
- n = Value at POR‘1’ = Bit is set‘0’ = Bit is clearedx = Bit is unknown
STKUNF
(1)
—SP4SP3SP2SP1SP0
FIGURE 4-4:RETURN ADDRESS STACK AND ASSOCIATED REGISTERS
Return Address S t ac k
11111
11110
TOSLTOSHTOSU
34h1Ah00h
Top-of-Stack
4.2.3PUSH AND POP INSTRUCTIONS
Since the Top-of-Stac k (TOS) is readable and writable,
the ability to push valu es onto the stack and pull va lues
off the sta ck, withou t disturbi ng normal program ex ecution, is a desirable optio n. To push the current PC value
onto the stack, a PUSH instruction can be executed.
This will i ncrem ent th e stack point er and load the cu rrent PC value onto the stack. TOSU, TOSH and TOSL
can then be modified to place a return address on the
stack.
The ability to pull the TOS value off of the stack and
replace it with the value that was previously pushed
onto the stack, without disturbing normal execution, is
achieved by using the POP inst ruction. T he POP instru ction discards the current TOS by decrementing the
stack pointer. The previous value pushed onto the
stack then becomes the TOS value.
11101
001A34h
000D58h
00011
00010
00001
00000
4.2.4STACK FULL/UNDERFLOW RESETS
These Resets are enabled by programming the
STVREN configuration bit. When the STVREN bit is
disabled, a full or underflow condition will set the
appropriate STKFUL or STKUNF bit, but not cause a
device Rese t. Wh en t he ST VRE N bit is en abl ed, a full
or underflow condition will set the appropriate STKFUL
or STKUNF bit and then cause a device Reset. The
STKFUL or STKUNF bits are only cleared by the user
software or a POR Reset.
STKPTR<4:0>
00010
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 55
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
4.3Fast Register Stack
A “fast interrupt return” optio n is available for in terrupts.
A fast register stack is provided for the Status, WREG
and BSR registers and is only one in depth. The stack
is not readable or writable and is loaded with the
current value of the corresponding register when the
processor vectors for an interrupt. The values in the
registers are then loaded back into the working registers if the FAST RETURN instruction is used to return
from the interrupt.
A low or high priority interrupt source will push values
into the stack registers. If both low and high priority
interrupts are enabled, the stack registers cannot be
used reliably for low priority interrupts. If a high priority
interrupt occurs while servicing a low priority interrupt,
the stack register values stored by the low priority
interrupt will be overwritten.
If high priority interrupts are not disabled during low
priority inte rr up ts, us e rs mu st save th e key r eg ist er s in
software during a low priority interrupt.
If no interrupts are used, the fast register stack can be
used to restore the S tatus, WR EG and BSR registers at
the end of a subroutine call. To use the fast register
stack for a subroutine call, a FAST CALL instruction
must be executed.
Example 4-1 shows a source code example that uses
the fast register stack.
EXAMPLE 4-1:FAST REGISTER STACK
CODE EXAMPLE
CALL SUB1, FAST;STATUS, WREG, BSR
;SAVED IN FAST REGISTER
;STACK
•
•
SUB1•
•
•
RETURN FAST;RESTORE VALUES SAVED
;IN FAST REGISTER STACK
4.4PCL, PCLATH and PCLATU
The program counter ( PC) spe ci fie s th e ad dre ss of th e
instruction to fetch for execution. The PC is 21 bits
wide. The low byte is called the PCL register; this register is readable and writable. The high byte is called
the PCH register. This register contains the PC<15:8>
bits and is not directly readable or writable; updates to
the PCH register may be performed through the
PCLATH register. The upper byte is called PCU. This
register contains th e PC<20 :16> bit s an d is not d irectly
readable or writable; updates to the PCU register may
be performed through the PCLATU register.
The PC addresses bytes in the program memory. To
prevent the PC from becoming misaligned with word
instructions, the LSB of the PCL is fixed to a value of
‘0’. The PC increments by 2 to address sequential
instructions in the program memo ry.
The CALL, RCALL, GOTO and program branch
instructions write to the program counter directly. For
these instructions, the contents of PCLATH and
PCLATU are not transferred to the program counter.
The contents of PCLATH and PCLATU will be transferred to the program counter by an operation that
writes PCL. Similarly, the upper two bytes of the program counter will be transferred to PCLATH and
PCLATU by an operation that reads PCL. This is useful
for computed offsets to the PC (see Section 4.8.1
“Computed GOTO”).
4.5Clocking Scheme/Instruction
Cycle
The clock input (from OSC1) is internally divided by
four to generate four non-overlapping quadrature
clocks, namely Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Internally, the
program counter (PC) is incremented every Q1, the
instruction is fetched from the program memory and
latched into the instruction register in Q4. The instruction is decoded and executed during the following Q1
through Q4. The clocks and instruction execution flow
are shown in Figure4-5.
FIGURE 4-5:CLOCK/INSTRUCTION CYCLE
Q2Q3Q4
Q1
OSC1
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
PC
OSC2/CLKO
(RC Mode)
DS30491C-page 56 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PC
Execute INST (PC-2)
Fetch INST (PC)
Q2Q3Q4
Q1
Execute INST (PC)
Fetch INST (PC+2)
PC+2
Q2Q3Q4
Q1
PC+4
Execute INST (PC+2)
Fetch INST (PC+4)
Internal
Phase
Clock
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
4.6Instruction Flow/Pipelining
An “Instruction Cycle” consists of four Q cycles (Q1,
Q2, Q3 and Q4). The instruc ti on fe tch and execute are
pipelined such that fetch takes one instruction cycle,
while decode and execute takes another instruction
cycle. However, due to the pipelining each instruction
effectively executes in one cycle. If an instruction
causes the program counter to change (e.g., GOTO),
A fetch cycle begins with the program counter (PC)
incrementing in Q1.
In the execution cy cle, the fetch ed instruction i s latched
into the “Instruction Register” (IR) in cycle Q1. This
instruction is then decoded and executed during the
Q2, Q3, and Q4 cycles. Dat a memory is read during Q2
(operand read) and written during Q4 (destination
write).
then two cycles are re quired to com plete the inst ruction
(Example 4-2).
EXAMPLE 4-2:INSTRUCTION PIPELINE FLOW
TCY0TCY1TCY2TCY3TCY4TCY5
1. MOVLW 55h
2. MOVWF PORTB
3. BRA SUB_1
4. BSF PORTA, 3 (Forced NOP)
5. Instruction @ address SUB_1
All instructions are si ngle cycl e exc ept fo r any program branc hes. The se t ake two cy cles sinc e the fetch instru ction
is “flushed” from the pipeline while the new instruction is being fetched and then executed.
Fetch 1Execute 1
Fetch 2Execute 2
Fetch 3Execute 3
Fetch 4Flush (NOP)
Fetch SUB_1 Execute SUB_1
4.7Instructions in Program Memory
The CALL and GOTO ins tructions have an absol ute program memory address embedded into the instruction.
The program memory is addressed in bytes. Instructions are stored as two bytes or four bytes in program
memory. The Least Significant Byte (LSB) of an
instruction word is alw ays stor ed in a progra m memo ry
location wit h an even address (LSB = 0). Figure 4-6
shows an example of how instruction words are stored
in the program memory. To maintain alignment with
instruction boundarie s, the PC incremen t s in step s of 2
and the LSB will always read ‘0’ (see Section 4.4“PCL, PCLATH and PCLATU”).
Since instructions are always stored on word boundaries, the data contained in the instruction is a word
address. The word address is written to PC<20:1>
which accesses the desired byte address in program
memory. Instruction #2 in Figure 4-6 shows how the
instruction “GOTO 000006h” is encoded in the program
memory. Program branch instructions which encode a
relative address offset operate in the same manner.
The offset value stored in a branch instruction represents the number of single-word instructions that the
PC will be offset by. Section 25.0 “Instruction SetSummary” provides further details of the instruction
set.
The PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 devices have four
two-word instructions: MOVFF, CALL, GOTO and
LFSR. The second word of these instr uct ions has t he 4
MSBs set to ‘1’ s and is a spec ial kind of NOP instruction.
The lower 12 bit s of the sec ond word c ontai n data to b e
used by the instruction. If the first word of the instruction is executed, the data in the second word is
accessed. If the second word of the instruction is executed by itself (first word was skipped), it w ill execute as
a NOP. This action is necessary when the two-word
instruction is preceded by a conditional instruction that
changes the PC. A program example that demonstrates this concept is shown in Example 4-3. Refer to
Section 25.0 “Instruction Set Summary” for further
details of the instruction set.
EXAMPLE 4-3:TWO-WORD INSTRUCTIONS
CASE 1:
Object CodeSource Code
0110 0110 0000 0000TSTFSZREG1; is RAM location 0?
1100 0001 0010 0011MOVFFREG1, REG2 ; No, execute 2-word instruction
1111 0100 0101 0110; 2nd operand holds address of REG2
0010 0100 0000 0000ADDWFREG3; continue code
CASE 2:
Object CodeSource Code
0110 0110 0000 0000TSTFSZREG1; is RAM location 0?
1100 0001 0010 0011MOVFFREG1, REG2 ; Yes
1111 0100 0101 0110; 2nd operand becomes NOP
0010 0100 0000 0000ADDWFREG3; continue code
4.8Look-up Tables
Look-up tables are implemented two ways. These are:
• Computed GOTO
• Table Reads
4.8.1COMPUTED GOTO
A computed GOTO is accomplish ed by adding an offset
to the program counter (ADDWF PCL).
A look-up table can be formed with an ADDWF PCL
instruction and a group of RETLW 0xnn instructions.
WREG is loaded with an offset into the table before
executing a call to tha t t able. The first instruction of the
called routine is the ADDWF PCL instruct ion. The next
instruction executed will be one of the RETLW 0xnn
instructions that returns the value 0xnn to the calling
function.
The offset value (va lue in WREG) specifie s the number
of bytes that the program counter should advance.
In this method, only one data byte may be stored in
each instruction location and room on the return
address stack is required.
4.8.2TABLE READS/TABLE WRITES
A better method of storing data in program memory
allows 2 bytes of data to be stored in each instruction
location.
Look-up table data may be stored 2 bytes per program
word by using tab le reads and writes. The T ab le Pointer
(TBLPTR) specifies the byte address and the Table
Latch (TABLAT) contains the data that is read from, or
written to program memory. Data is transferred to/from
program memory, one byte at a time.
A description of the table read/table write operation is
shown in Section 5.0 “Flash Program Memory”.
DS30491C-page 58 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
4.9Data Memory Organization
The data memory i s impl emented as static RAM. Each
register in the data memory has a 12-bit address,
allowing up to 4096 byt es of data mem ory. Figure 4-7
shows the data memory organization for the
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680 devices.
The data memory map is divided into 16 banks that
contain 256 bytes each. The lower 4 bits of the Bank
Select Register (BSR<3:0>) select which bank will be
accessed. The upper 4 bits for the BSR are not
implemented.
The data memory contains Special Function Registers
(SFR) and General Purpose Registers (GPR). The
SFRs are used for control and status of the controller
and peripheral functio ns, while GPRs are us ed for data
storage and scratch pad operations in the user’s application. The SFRs start at the last location of Bank 15
(0FFFh) and extend downwards. Any remaining space
beyond the SFRs in the Bank may be implemented as
GPRs. GPRs start at the first location of Bank 0 and
grow upwards. Any re ad of a n un im pl em ente d l oc atio n
will read as ‘0’s.
The entire data memory may be accessed directly or
indirectly. Direct addressing may require the use of th e
BSR register. Indirect addressing requires the use of a
File Select Register (FSRn) and a corresponding Indirect File Operand (INDFn). Each FSR holds a 12-bit
address value that can be used to access any location
in the data memory map without banking.
The instruction set and architecture allow operations
across all banks. This m ay be accompli shed by indirec t
addressing or by the us e of t he MOVFF instruction. The
MOVFF instruction is a two-word/two-cycle instruction
that moves a value from one register to another.
To ensure that commonly used registers (SFRs and
select GPRs) can be accessed i n a single c ycle regardless of the current BSR values, an Access Bank is
implemented. A segment of Bank 0 and a segment of
Bank 15 comprise the Access RAM. Section 4.10“Access Bank” provides a detailed description of the
Access RAM.
4.9.1GENERAL PUR POSE
REGISTER FILE
The register file can b e access ed eithe r dire ctly o r indirectly. Indirect addressing operates using a File Select
Register and correspond ing Ind irect Fi le Ope rand. Th e
operation of indirect addressing is shown in
Section 4.12 “Indirect Addressing, INDF and FSR
Registers”.
Enhanced MCU devices may have banked memory in
the GPR area. GPRs are not initialized by a Power-on
Reset and are unchanged on all other Resets.
Data RAM is available for use as general purpose registers by all instructions. The top section of Bank 15
(0F60h to 0FFFh) contains SFRs. All other banks of data
memory contain GPR registers, starting with Bank 0.
4.9.2SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
The Special Function Registers (SFRs) are registers
used by the CPU an d peripheral modul es for controllin g
the desired operation of the device. These reg isters are
implemented as static RAM. A list of these registers is
given in Table 4-2 and Table 4-3.
The SFRs can be classified into two sets: those associated with the “core” function and those related to the
peripheral functions. Those registers related to the
“core” are described i n this section, while those related
to the operation of the peripheral features are
described in the section of that peripheral feature. The
SFRs are typically distributed among the peripherals
whose functions they control.
The unused SFR locations are unimplemented and
read as ‘0’s. The addresses for the SFRs are listed in
Table 4-2.
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 59
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
FIGURE 4-7:DATA MEMORY MAP FOR PIC18FXX80/XX85 DEVICES
BSR<3:0>
= 0000
= 0001
= 0010
= 0011
= 0100
= 1101
= 1110
= 1111
When a = 1,
the BSR is used to specify the
RAM location that the instruction
uses.
Bank 0
Bank 1
Bank 2
Bank 3
Bank 4
Bank 5
to
Bank 12
Bank 13
Bank 14
Bank 15
Data Memory Map
00h
Access RAM
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
GPRs
GPRs
GPRs
GPRs
GPRs
GPRs
CAN SFRs
CAN SFRs
CAN SFRs
SFRs
000h
05Fh
060h
0FFh
100h
1FFh
200h
2FFh
300h
3FFh
400h
4FFh
500h
CFFh
D00h
DFFh
E00h
EFFh
F00h
F5Fh
F60h
FFFh
Access Bank
Access RAM low
Access RAM high
(SFRs)
When a = 0,
the BSR is ignored and the
Access Bank is used.
The first 96 bytes are General
Purpose RAM (from Bank 0).
The second 160 bytes are
Special Function Registers
(from Bank 15).
2: This register is not available on PIC18F6X8X devices.
3: This is not a physical register.
DS30491C-page 66 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
TABLE 4-3:REGISTER FILE SUMMARY
File NameBit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0
TOSU———Top-of-Stack Upper Byte (TOS<20: 16>)
TOSHTop-of- Stack High Byte (TOS<15:8>)
TOSLTop-of-Stack Low Byte (TOS< 7:0>)
STKPTRSTKFULSTKUNF
PCLAT U
PCLATHHolding Register for PC<15:8>
PCLPC Low Byte (P C<7 :0>)
TBLPT RU
TBLPTRHProgram Memory T abl e Poi nte r Hi gh Byt e (T BL PT R<15:8 >)
TBLPTRLProgram Memory Table Pointer Low Byte (TBLPTR<7:0 >)
TABLATProgram Memory Table Latch
PRODHProduct Register High Byte
PRODLProduct Register Low Byte
INTCONGIE/GIEHPEIE/GIELTMR0IEINT0IERBIETMR0IFINT0IFRBIF
INTCON2RBPUINTEDG0INTEDG1INTEDG2INTEDG3TMR0IPINT3IPRBIP
INTCON3INT2IPINT1IPINT3IEINT2IEINT1IEINT3IFINT2IFINT1IF
INDF0Uses conten t s of F S R0 t o addr ess d at a memo ry – valu e of FSR0 not ch anged ( no t a physic al regis ter)n/a79
POSTINC0Uses contents of FS R0 t o ad dres s dat a memo r y – v alue of F SR0 post-i nc remen ted (not a phy sic al r eg ister)n/a79
POSTDEC0Uses contents of FSR0 t o ad dr ess d at a memo ry – valu e of FSR0 pos t-de crem ente d (no t a phy sical regi s ter)n/a79
PREINC0Uses contents of FSR0 t o ad dr ess d at a memo ry – valu e of FSR0 pre-i nc remen ted (not a phy sical reg ister )n/a79
PLUSW0Uses contents of FSR0 t o ad dres s dat a memo r y – v alu e of FSR0 pre-i nc remen ted
FSR0H
FSR0LIndirect Data Memo ry A ddres s Po in ter 0 Low By te
WREGWorking Register
INDF1Uses conten t s of F S R1 t o addr ess d at a memo ry – valu e of FSR1 not ch anged ( no t a physic al regis ter)n/a79
POSTINC1Uses contents of FS R1 t o ad dres s dat a memo r y – v alue of F SR1 post-i nc remen ted (not a phy sic al r eg ister)n/a79
POSTDEC1Uses contents of FSR1 t o ad dr ess d at a memo ry – valu e of FSR1 pos t-de crem ente d (no t a phy sical regi s ter)n/a79
PREINC1Uses contents of FSR1 t o ad dr ess d at a memo ry – valu e of FSR1 pre-i nc remen ted (not a phy sical reg ister )n/a79
PLUSW1Uses contents of FSR1 t o ad dres s dat a memo r y – v alu e of FSR1 pre-i nc remen ted
FSR1H
FSR1LIndirect Data Memo ry A ddres s Po in ter 1 Low By te
BSR
INDF2Uses conten t s of F S R2 t o addr ess d at a memo ry – valu e of FSR2 not ch anged ( no t a physic al regis ter)n/a79
POSTINC2Uses contents of FS R2 t o ad dres s dat a memo r y – v alue of F SR2 post-i nc remen ted (not a phy sic al r eg ister)n/a79
POSTDEC2Uses contents of FSR2 t o ad dr ess d at a memo ry – valu e of FSR2 pos t-de crem ente d (no t a phy sical regi s ter)n/a79
PREINC2Uses contents of FSR2 t o ad dr ess d at a memo ry – valu e of FSR2 pre-i nc remen ted (not a phy sical reg ister )n/a79
PLUSW2Uses contents of FSR2 t o ad dres s dat a memo r y – v alu e of FSR2 pre-i nc remen ted
FSR2H
FSR2LIndirect Data Memo ry A ddres s Po in ter 2 Low By te
Legend:x = unknown, u = unchanged, – = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition
Note 1:RA6 and associated bits are configured as port pins in RCIO and ECIO Oscillator mode only and read ‘0’ in all other oscillator
2:Bit 21 of the TBLPTRU allows access to the device configuration bits.
3:These registers are unus ed on PIC18F6X80 devices; always maint ain these clear.
4:These bits have multiple functions depending on the CAN module mode selection.
5:Meaning of this register depends on whether this buffer is configured as transmit or receive.
6:RG5 is available as an input when MCLR
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until the ECAN module is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
——bit 21Holding Register for PC< 20:1 6>
——bit 21
(not a physical registe r) – val ue of FS R0 offset by value in WREG
————Indirect Data Memory Address Point er 0 H igh Byte
(not a physical registe r) – val ue of FS R1 offset by value in WREG
————Indirect Data Memory Address Point er 1 H igh Byte
————Bank Select Register
(not a physical registe r) – val ue of FS R2 offset by value in WREG
————Indirect Data Memory Address Point er 2 H igh Byte
modes.
—Return Stack P ointer
(2)
Program Memory Table Pointer Upper Byte (TB LPTR<20:16>)
STATUS———NOV ZDCC
TMR0HTimer0 Register High Byte
TMR0LTi mer0 Regis ter Lo w By te
T0CONTMR0ONT08BITT0CST0SEPSAT0PS2T0PS1T0PS0
OSCCON
LVDCON
WDTCON
RCONIPEN
TMR1HTimer1 Register High Byte
TMR1LTi mer1 Regis ter Lo w By te
T1CONRD16
TMR2Timer2 Register
PR2Timer 2 Period Regist er
T2CON
SSPBUFSSP Receive Buffer/Transmit Register
SSPADDSSP Address Register in I
SSPSTATSMPCKED/A
SSPCON1WCOLSSPOVSSPENCKPSSPM3SSPM2SSPM1SSPM0
SSPCON2GCENACKSTATACKDTACKENRCENPENRSENSEN
ADRESHA/D Result Register High Byte
ADRESLA/D Result Register Low Byte
ADCON0
ADCON1
ADCON2ADFM
CCPR1HEnhanced Capture/Compare/PWM Reg ister 1 Hi gh B yte
CCPR1LEnhanced Capture/Com p are/P WM Reg ister 1 Low By te
CCP1CONP1M1P1M0DC1B1DC1B0CCP1M3CCP1M2CCP1M1CCP1M0
CCPR2HCapture/Compare/PWM Reg iste r 2 Hi gh Byte
CCPR2LCapture/Compare/ PW M Reg iste r 2 Lo w By te
CCP2CON
ECCP1ASECCPASEECCPAS2ECCPAS1ECCPAS0PSSAC1PSSAC0PSSBD1PSSBD0
CVRCONCVRENCVROECVRRCVRSSCVR3CVR2CVR1CVR0
CMCONC2OUTC1OUTC2INVC1INVCISCM2CM1CM0
TMR3HTimer3 Register High Byte
TMR3LTi mer3 Regis ter Lo w By te
Legend:x = unknown, u = unchanged, – = unimplemented, q = value depe nds on condition
Note 1:RA6 and associated bits are configured as port pins in RCIO and ECIO Oscillator mode only and read ‘0’ in all other oscillator
2:Bit 21 of the TBLPTRU allows access to the device configuration bits.
3:These registers are unus ed on PIC18F6X80 devices; always maint ain these clear.
4:These bits have multiple functions depending on the CAN module mode selection.
5:Meaning of this register depends on whether this buffer is configured as transmit or receive.
6:RG5 is available as an input when MCLR
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until the ECAN module is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
SPBRGUSART Baud Rate Generato r
RCREGUSART Receive Register
TXREGUSART Transm it Regi ster
TXST ACSRCTX9TXENSYNCSENDBBRGHTRMTTX9D
RCSTASPENRX9SRENCRENADDENFERROERRRX9D
EEADRH
EEADRData EEPROM Addre ss Reg ister
EEDA TAData EEPROM Dat a R e gi st er
EECON2Data EEPROM Control Re giste r 2 ( no t a physic al regi ster )
EECON1EEPGDCFGS
IPR3IRXIPWAKIPERRIPTXB2IP/
PIR3IRXIFWAKIFERRIFTXB2IF/
PIE3IRXIEWAKIEERRIETXB2IE/
IPR2
PIR2
PIE2
IPR1PSPIPADIPRCIPTXIPSSPIPCCP1IPTMR2IPTMR1IP
PIR1PSPIFADIFRCIFTXIFSSPIFCCP1IFTMR2IFTMR1IF
PIE1PSPIEADIERCIETXIESSPIECCP1IETMR2IETMR1IE
MEMCON
TRISJ
TRISH
TRISG
TRISFData Direction Control Register for PORT F
TRISEData Direction Control Register f or PO R TE
TRISDData Direction Con trol Regis ter f or PO R T D
TRISCData Direction Con trol Regis ter f or PO R T C
TRISBData Direction Control Register f or PO R TB
TRISA
LATJ
LATH
LATG
LATFRead PORTF Data Latc h, Write PORTF Data Latch
LATERead PORT E Dat a Latch, W ri te PO R TE Dat a Latc h
LATDRead PORTD Data Latch, Write P ORTD Data Latch
LATCRead PORTC Data Latch, Write P ORTC Data Latch
LATBRead PORT B Dat a Latch, W ri te PO R TB Dat a Latc h
LATA
Legend:x = unknown, u = unchanged, – = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition
Note 1:RA6 and associated bits are configured as port pins in RCIO and ECIO Oscillator mode only and read ‘0’ in all other oscillator
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
2:Bit 21 of the TBLPTRU allows access to the device configuration bits.
3:These registers are unus ed on PIC18F6X80 devices; always maint ain these clear.
4:These bits have multiple functions depending on the CAN module mode selection.
5:Meaning of this register depends on whether this buffer is configured as transmit or receive.
6:RG5 is available as an input when MCLR
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until the ECAN module is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
PORTJ
PORTH
PORTG
PORTFRead PORTF pins, Write POR TF Dat a Latch
PORTERead PORTE pins, W r ite PO R T E Data Latch
PORTDRead PORT D p ins, W ri te POR T D Da t a La tch
PORTCRead PORT C p ins, W ri te POR T C Da t a La tch
PORTBRead PORTB pins, W r ite PO R T B Data Latch
PORTA
SPBRGHEnhanced USART Baud Rate Generator Hig h B yte
BAUDCON
ECCP1DELPRSENPDC6PDC5PDC4PDC3PDC2PDC1PDC0
TXERRCNTTEC7TEC6TEC5TEC4TEC3TEC2TEC1TEC0
RXERRCNTREC7REC6REC5REC4REC3REC2REC1REC0
COMSTAT
Legend:x = unknown, u = unchanged, – = unimplemented, q = value depe nds on condition
Note 1:RA6 and associated bits are configured as port pins in RCIO and ECIO Oscillator mode only and read ‘0’ in all other oscillator
2:Bit 21 of the TBLPTRU allows access to the device configuration bits.
3:These registers are unus ed on PIC18F6X80 devices; always maint ain these clear.
4:These bits have multiple functions depending on the CAN module mode selection.
5:Meaning of this register depends on whether this buffer is configured as transmit or receive.
6:RG5 is available as an input when MCLR
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until the ECAN module is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
Legend:x = unknown, u = unchanged, – = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition
Note 1:RA6 and associated bits are configured as port pins in RCIO and ECIO Oscillator mode only and read ‘0’ in all other oscillator
modes.
2:Bit 21 of the TBLPTRU allows access to the device configuration bits.
3:These registers are unus ed on PIC18F6X80 devices; always maint ain these clear.
4:These bits have multiple functions depending on the CAN module mode selection.
5:Meaning of this register depends on whether this buffer is configured as transmit or receive.
6:RG5 is available as an input when MCLR
is disabled.
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until the ECAN module is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
Legend:x = unknown, u = unchanged, – = unimplemented, q = value depe nds on condition
Note 1:RA6 and associated bits are configured as port pins in RCIO and ECIO Oscillator mode only and read ‘0’ in all other oscillator
2:Bit 21 of the TBLPTRU allows access to the device configuration bits.
3:These registers are unus ed on PIC18F6X80 devices; always maint ain these clear.
4:These bits have multiple functions depending on the CAN module mode selection.
5:Meaning of this register depends on whether this buffer is configured as transmit or receive.
6:RG5 is available as an input when MCLR
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until the ECAN module is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
Legend:x = unknown, u = unchanged, – = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition
Note 1:RA6 and associated bits are configured as port pins in RCIO and ECIO Oscillator mode only and read ‘0’ in all other oscillator
modes.
2:Bit 21 of the TBLPTRU allows access to the device configuration bits.
3:These registers are unus ed on PIC18F6X80 devices; always maint ain these clear.
4:These bits have multiple functions depending on the CAN module mode selection.
5:Meaning of this register depends on whether this buffer is configured as transmit or receive.
6:RG5 is available as an input when MCLR
is disabled.
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until the ECAN module is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
Legend:x = unknown, u = unchanged, – = unimplemented, q = value depe nds on condition
Note 1:RA6 and associated bits are configured as port pins in RCIO and ECIO Oscillator mode only and read ‘0’ in all other oscillator
modes.
2:Bit 21 of the TBLPTRU allows access to the device configuration bits.
3:These registers are unus ed on PIC18F6X80 devices; always maint ain these clear.
4:These bits have multiple functions depending on the CAN module mode selection.
5:Meaning of this register depends on whether this buffer is configured as transmit or receive.
6:RG5 is available as an input when MCLR
is disabled.
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until the ECAN module is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
Legend:x = unknown, u = unchanged, – = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition
Note 1:RA6 and associated bits are configured as port pins in RCIO and ECIO Oscillator mode only and read ‘0’ in all other oscillator
modes.
2:Bit 21 of the TBLPTRU allows access to the device configuration bits.
3:These registers are unus ed on PIC18F6X80 devices; always maint ain these clear.
4:These bits have multiple functions depending on the CAN module mode selection.
5:Meaning of this register depends on whether this buffer is configured as transmit or receive.
6:RG5 is available as an input when MCLR
is disabled.
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until the ECAN module is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
Legend:x = unknown, u = unchanged, – = unimplemented, q = value depe nds on condition
Note 1:RA6 and associated bits are configured as port pins in RCIO and ECIO Oscillator mode only and read ‘0’ in all other oscillator
modes.
2:Bit 21 of the TBLPTRU allows access to the device configuration bits.
3:These registers are unus ed on PIC18F6X80 devices; always maint ain these clear.
4:These bits have multiple functions depending on the CAN module mode selection.
5:Meaning of this register depends on whether this buffer is configured as transmit or receive.
6:RG5 is available as an input when MCLR
is disabled.
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until the ECAN module is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
Legend:x = unknown, u = unchanged, – = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition
Note 1:RA6 and associated bits are configured as port pins in RCIO and ECIO Oscillator mode only and read ‘0’ in all other oscillator
2:Bit 21 of the TBLPTRU allows access to the device configuration bits.
3:These registers are unus ed on PIC18F6X80 devices; always maint ain these clear.
4:These bits have multiple functions depending on the CAN module mode selection.
5:Meaning of this register depends on whether this buffer is configured as transmit or receive.
6:RG5 is available as an input when MCLR
7:This register reads all ‘0’s until the ECAN module is set up in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
The Access Bank is an architectural enhancement
which is very useful for C compiler code optimization.
The techniques used by the C compiler may also be
useful for programs written in assembly.
This data memory region can be used for:
• Intermediate computational values
• Local variables of subroutines
• Faster context saving/switching of variables
• Common variables
• Faster evaluation/control of SFRs (no banking)
The Access Bank is comprised of the upper 160 by tes
in Bank 15 (SFRs) and the lower 96 bytes in Bank 0.
These two sections will be referred to as Access RAM
High and Access RAM Low, respectively. Figure 4-7
indicates the Access RAM areas.
A bit in the instruction word spec ifie s if the opera tion is
to occur in the bank spec ifi ed by the BSR register or in
the Access Bank. This bit is denoted by the ‘a’ bit (for
access bit).
When forced in the Access Bank (a = 0), the last
address in Access RAM Low is followed by the first
address in Access RAM High. Access RAM High maps
the Special Function R egisters so that the se registers
can be accessed without any software overhead. This is
useful for testing status flags and modifying control bits.
4.1 1Bank Select Register (BSR)
The need for a large general purpose memory space
dictates a RAM banking scheme. The data memory is
partitioned into sixteen banks. When using direct
addressing, the BSR should be configured for the
desired bank.
BSR<3:0> holds the upper 4 bits of the 12-bit RAM
address. The BSR<7:4> bits will always read ‘0’s and
writes will have no effect.
A MOVLB instruction has been provided in the
instruction set to assist in selecting banks.
If the currently selected bank is not implemented, any
read will return all ‘0’s and all writes are ignored. The
Stat us register bit s will be set/clea red as appropriate for
the instruction performed.
Each Bank extends up to 0FFh (256 bytes). All data
memory is implemented as static RAM.
A MOVFF instruction ignores the BSR since the 12-bit
addresses are embedded into the instruction word.
Section 4.12 “Indirect Addressing, INDF and FSR
Registers” provides a description of indirect address-
ing which allows linear addressing of the entire RAM
space.
FIGURE 4-8:DIRECT ADDRESSING
Direct Addressing
BSR<3:0>7
Bank Select
Note 1: For register file map detail, see Table4-2.
(2)
2: The access bit of the instruction can be used to force an override of the selected bank (BSR<3:0>) to the
registers of the Access Bank.
3: The MOVFF instruction embeds the entire 12-bit address in the instruction.
Location Select
From Opcode
Data
Memory
(3)
(1)
(3)
0
00h01h0Eh0Fh
000h
0FFh
Bank 0Bank 1Bank 14Bank 15
100h
1FFh
E00h
EFFh
F00h
FFFh
DS30491C-page 78 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
4.12Indirect Addressing, INDF and
FSR Registers
Indirect addressing is a mode of addressing dat a memory where the data memory address in the instruction
is not fixed. An FSR regis ter i s u sed as a poi nte r to th e
data memory location that i s to be read or written. Since
this pointer is in RAM, the cont en t s c an be mo difi ed by
the program. This can be useful for data tables in the
data memory and for software stacks. Figure 4-9
shows the operation of indirect addressing. This shows
the moving of the value to the data memory address
specified b y the value of the FSR regi ster.
Indirect addressing is possible by using one of the
INDF registers. Any ins tru cti on u si ng the IN DF reg ist er
actually accesses the register pointed to by the File
Select Register, FSR. Reading the INDF register itself,
indirectly (FSR = 0), will read 00h. Writing to the INDF
register indirectly, results in a no operation. The FSR
register contains a 12-bit address which is shown in
Figure 4-10.
The INDFn register is not a physical register. Addressing INDFn actually addresses the register whose
address is contained in the FSRn register (FSRn is a
pointer). This is indirect addressing.
Example 4-4 shows a simple use of indirect a ddressing
to clear the RAM in Bank 1 (locations 100h-1FFh) in a
minimum number of instructions.
EXAMPLE 4-4:HOW TO CLEAR RAM
(BANK 1) USING
INDIRECT ADDRESSING
LFSRFSR0, 100h;
NEXT CLRFPOSTINC0; Clear INDF
; register and
; inc pointer
BTFSS FSR0H, 1; All done with
; Bank1?
BRANEXT; NO, clear next
CONTINUE; YES, continue
There are three Indirect Addressing registers. To
address the entire data memory space (4096 bytes),
these registers are 12-bits wide. To store the 12 bits of
addressing information, two 8-bit registers are
required. These Indirect Addressing registers are:
1.FSR0: composed of FSR0H:FSR0L
2.FSR1: composed of FSR1H:FSR1L
3.FSR2: composed of FSR2H:FSR2L
In addition, there are registers INDF0, INDF1 and
INDF2 which are not physically implemented. Reading
or writing to these registers activates indirect addressing with the value in the corresponding FSR register
being the a ddress of the data. If an instruction writes a
value to INDF0, th e v al ue will be w ritten to the address
pointed to by FSR 0H:FSR0L. A read f rom INDF 1 reads
the data from the address pointed to by
FSR1H:FSR1L. INDFn can be used in code anywhere
an operand can be used.
If INDF0, INDF1, or INDF2 are read indirectly via an
FSR, all ‘0’s are read (zero bit is set). Similarly, if
INDF0, INDF1, or INDF2 are written to indirectly, the
operation will be equivale nt to a NOP instruction and the
Status bits are not affected.
4.12.1INDIRECT ADDRESSING
OPERATION
Each FSR register has an INDF register associated
with it plus four additional register addresses.
Performing an operation on one of these five registers
determines how the FSR will be modified during
indirect addressing.
When data access is done to one of the five INDFn
locations, the address selected will configure the FSRn
register to:
• Do nothing to FSRn after an indirect access (no
change) – INDFn.
• Auto-decrement FSRn after an in direct access
(post-decrement) – POSTDECn.
• Auto-increment FSRn after an indirect access
(post-increment) – POSTINCn.
• Auto-i ncrement FSRn before an indire ct access
(pre-increment) – PREINCn.
• Use the value in the WREG register as an offset
to FSRn. Do not mo dify the va lue of the WREG or
the FSRn register after an indirect access (no
change) – PLUSWn.
When using the auto -increment or auto-decreme nt features, the effect o n the FSR is not refl ected in the S tatu s
register . For example , if the indirect address causes th e
FSR to equal ‘0’, the Z bit will not be set.
Incrementing or decrementing an FSR affects all
12 bits. That is, when FSRnL overflows from an
increment, FSRnH will be incremented automatically.
Adding these features allows the FSRn to be used as a
stack pointer in ad diti on to it s us es for t abl e ope rati ons
in data memo ry.
Each FSR has an address associated with it that
performs an indexed indirect access. When a data
access to this INDFn location (PLUSWn) occurs, the
FSRn is configured to add the signed value in the
WREG register and the value in FSR to form the
address before an indirect access. The FSR value is
not changed.
If an FSR register contains a value that poin ts to one of
the INDFn, an indirect read will read 00h (zero bit is
set), while an indirect write will be equivalent to a NOP
(Status bits are not affected).
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 79
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
If an indirect addressing operation is done where the
target address is an FSRnH or FSRnL register, the
write operation will dominate over the pre- or
post-increment/decrement functions.
FIGURE 4-9:INDIRECT ADDRESSING OPERATION
Instruction
Executed
OpcodeAddress
12
File Address = Access of an Indirect Addressing Register
BSR<3:0>
Instruction
Fetched
Opcode
12
4
8
File
12
FIGURE 4-10:INDIRECT ADDRESSING
Indirect Addressing
FSR Register11
FSR
RAM
0h
0FFFh
0
Location Select
0000h
Data
Memory
Note 1: For register file map detail, see Table4-2.
DS30491C-page 80 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
(1)
0FFFh
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
4.13Status Register
The St atus register , sho wn in Register4-3, contains the
arithmetic status of the ALU. The Status register can be
the destination fo r any instruc tion as w ith any othe r register. If the Status register is the destination for an
instruction that affects the Z, DC, C, OV or N bits, then
the write to these fiv e bits is d isabled. These bits are set
or cleared accordi ng to th e d ev ic e log ic . Th ere fore , th e
result of an instruction with the Status register as
destination may be different than intended.
REGISTER 4-3:STATUS REGISTER
U-0U-0U-0R/W-xR/W-xR/W-xR/W-xR/W-x
———NOVZDCC
bit 7bit 0
bit 7-5Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 4N: Negative bit
This bit is used for signed arithmetic (2’s complement). It indicates whether the result was
negative (ALU MSB = 1).
1 = Result was negative
0 = Result was positive
bit 3OV: Overflow bit
This bit is used for signed arithmetic (2’s complement). It indicates an overflow of the
7-bit magnitude which ca uses the sign bit (bit 7) to change state.
1 = Overflow occurred for signed arithmetic (in this arithmetic operation)
0 = No overflow occurred
bit 2Z: Zero bit
1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero
0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero
bit 1DC: Digit carry/borrow
For ADDWF, ADDLW, SUBLW, and SUBWF instructions:
1 = A carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred
0 = No carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result
Note:For borrow,
2’s complement of the second operand . For rot ate (RRF, RLF) in struction s, this b it
is loaded with either the bit 4 or bit 3 of the source register.
bit 0C: Carry/borrow
For ADDWF, ADDLW, SUBLW, and SUBWF instructions:
1 = A carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred
0 = No carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred
Note:For borrow,
2’s complement of the second operand . For rot ate (RRF, RLF) in struction s, this b it
is loaded with either the high or low-order bit of the source register.
bit
the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the
bit
the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the
For example, CLRF STATUS will clear the upper three
bits and set the Z bit. This leaves the Status register
as 000u u1uu (where u = unchanged).
It is recommended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF,SWAPF, MOVFF and MOVWF instructions are used to
alter the Status register because these instructions do
not affect the Z, C, DC, OV or N bits from the Status
register. For other instructions not affecting any status
bits, see Table 25-2.
Note:The C and DC bits operate as a borrow and
digit borrow
bit respectively, in subtraction.
Legend:
R = Readable bitW = Writable bitU = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR‘1’ = Bit is s et‘0’ = Bit is clearedx = Bit is unkn own
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 81
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
4.14RCON Register
The Reset Control (RCON) register contains flag bits
that allow differentiation between the sources of a
device Reset. These flags include the TO
BOR
and RI bits. This re gister is reada ble and w ritabl e.
REGISTER 4-4:RCON REGISTER
R/W-0U-0U-0R/W-1R/W-1R/W-1R/W-0R/W-0
IPEN
bit 7bit 0
bit 7IPEN: Interrupt Priority Enable bit
1 =Enable priority levels on interrupts
0 =Disable priority levels on interrupts (PIC16CXXX Compatibility mode)
bit 6-5Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 4RI
bit 3TO
bit 2PD
bit 1POR
bit 0BOR
: RESET Instruction Flag bit
1 = The RESET instruction was not executed
0 = The RESET instruction was executed causing a device Reset
(must be set in software after a Brown-out Reset occurs)
: Watchdog Time-out Flag bit
1 = After power-up, CLRWDT instruction, or SLEEP instruction
0 = A WDT time-out occurred
: Power-down Detection Flag bit
1 = After power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction
0 = By execution of the SLEEP instr uction
: Power-on Reset Status bit
1 = A Power-on Reset has not occurred
0 = A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs)
: Brown-out Reset Status bit
1 = A Brown-out Reset has not occurred
0 = A Brown-out Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Brown-out Reset occurs)
, PD, POR,
——RITOPDPORBOR
Note 1: It is recommen ded that the POR bit be set
after a Power-on Reset has been
detected so that subsequent Power-on
Resets may be detected.
2: Brown-out Reset is said to have occurred
when BOR
ing that POR
immediately after POR).
is ‘0’ and POR is ‘1’ (assum-
was set to ‘1’ by software
Legend:
R = Readable bitW = Writable bitU = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR‘1’ = Bit is set‘0’ = Bit is clearedx = Bit is unknown
DS30491C-page 82 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
5.0FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
The Flash program memory is readable, writable and
erasable during normal operation over the entire V
range.
A read from program memory is executed on one byte
at a time. A write to program memory is executed on
blocks of 8 byt es at a time. Program memory is erased
in blocks of 64 bytes at a time. A bulk erase operation
cannot be issued from user code.
Writing or erasing program memory will cease
instruction fetches until the operation is complete. The
program memory cannot be accessed during the write
or erase, therefore, code cannot execute. An internal
programming timer terminates program memory writes
and erases.
A value written to progra m memory does not nee d to be
a valid instruction. Executing a program memory
location that forms an invalid instruction results in a
NOP.
DD
5.1Table Reads and Table Writes
In order to read and write program memory, ther e are
two operations that allow the processor to move bytes
between the program memory sp ace and the dat a RAM:
• Table Read (TBLRD)
• Table Write (TBLWT)
The program memory space is 16 bits wide, while the
data RAM space is 8-bits wide. Table reads and table
writes move data between these two memory spaces
through an 8-bit register (TABLAT).
Table read operations retrieve data from program
memory and places it into the data RAM space.
Figure 5-1 shows the operation of a table read with
program memory and data RAM.
T able wri te operations store dat a from the data memor y
space into holding registers in program memory. The
procedure to write the contents of the holding
registers into program memory is detailed in
Section 5.5 “Writing to Flash Program Memory”.
Figure 5-2 shows the operation of a table write with
program memory and data RAM.
Table operations work with byte entities. A table block
containing data, rather than program instructions, is not
required to be word aligned. Therefore, a table block can
start and end at any byte address. If a t able write is being
used to write executable code into program memory,
program instructions will need to be word aligned.
FIGURE 5-1:TABLE READ OPERATION
Table Pointer
TBLPTRU
Note 1: Table Pointer points to a byte in program memory.
TBLPTRHTBLPTRL
(1)
Program Memory
(TBLPTR)
Instruction: TBLRD*
Program Memory
Table Latch (8-bit)
TABLAT
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 83
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
FIGURE 5-2:TABLE WRITE OPERATION
Instruction: TBLWT*
Program Memory
Table Pointer
TBLPTRU
Note 1: Table Pointer actu ally points to one of eight holding registers, the address of which is determined by
TBLPTRHTBLPTRL
TBLPTRL<2:0>. The process for physically writing data to the program memory array is discussed in
Section 5.5 “Writing to Flash Program Memory”.
(1)
Program Memory
(TBLPTR)
Holding Registers
Table Latch (8-bit)
TABLAT
5.2Control Registers
Several control registers are used in conjunction with
the TBLRD and TBLWT instructions. These include the:
• EECON1 register
• EECON2 register
• TABLAT register
• TBLPTR registers
5.2.1EECON1 AND EECON2 REGISTERS
EECON1 is the control register for memory accesses.
EECON2 is not a physical register. Reading EECON2
will read all ‘0’s. The EECON2 register is used
exclusively in the memory write and erase sequences.
Control bit EEPGD determines if the access will be a
program or data EEPROM memory access. When
clear, any subsequent operations will operate on the
data EEPROM memory. When set, any subsequent
operations will operate on the program memory.
Control bit CFGS determin es if the access will be to the
configuration/calibration registers or to program
memory/data EEPROM memory. When set, subsequent operations will opera te on configuratio n registers
regardless of EEPGD (see Section 24.0 “SpecialFeatures of the CPU”). W hen cle ar , memor y selec tion
access is determined by EEPGD.
The FREE bit, when set, will allow a program memory
erase operation. When the FREE bit is set, the erase
operation is initiated on the next WR command. When
FREE is clear , only wr ite s are enab led .
The WREN bit, when set, will allow a write operation.
On power-up, the WREN bit is c lear . T he WRERR bit is
set when a write operation is interrupted by a MCLR
Reset or a WDT Ti me-out Reset during normal operation. In these situations, the user can check the
WRERR bit and rewrite the location. It is necessary to
reload the data and address regi sters (EEDATA and
EEADR) due to Reset values of zero.
The WR control bit initiates write operations. The bit
cannot be cleared, only set in software; it is cleared in
hardware at the completion of the write operation. The
inability to clear the WR bit in software prevents the
accidental or premature termination of a write
operation.
Note:Interrupt flag bit, EEIF in the PIR2 registe r ,
is set when the write is complete. It must
be cleared in software.
DS30491C-page 84 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
REGISTER 5-1:EECON1 REGISTER (ADDRESS FA6h)
R/W-xR/W-xU-0R/W-0R/W-xR/W-0R/S-0R/S-0
EEPGDCFGS—FREEWRERRWRENWRRD
bit 7bit 0
bit 7EEPGD: Flash Program or Data EEPROM Memory Select bit
1 = Access Flash program memory
0 = Access data EEPROM memory
bit 6CFGS: Flash Program/Data EEPROM or Configuration Select bit
1 = Access configuration registers
0 = Access Flash program or data EEPROM memory
bit 5Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 4FREE: Flash Row Erase Enable bit
1 = Erase the program memory row addressed by TBLPTR on the next WR command
(cleared by completion of erase operation)
0 = Perform write only
bit 3WRERR: Flash Program/Data EEPROM Error Flag bit
1 = A write operation is prematurely terminated
(any Reset during self-timed programming in normal operation)
0 = The write operation completed
Note:When a WRERR occurs, the EEPGD and CFGS bits are not cleared. This allows
tracing of the error condition.
bit 2WREN: Flash Program/Data EEPROM Write Enable bit
1 = Allows write cycles
0 = Inhibits write to the EEPROM
bit 1WR: Write Control bit
1 = Initiates a data EEPROM erase/write cycle or a program memory erase cycle or write
cycle. (The operation is self-timed and the bit is cleared by hardware once write is
complete. The WR bit can only be set (not cleared) in software.)
0 = Write cycle to the EEPROM is complete
bit 0RD: Read Control bit
1 = Initiates an EEPROM rea d. (R e ad t ak es one cy c le. RD is cl eare d i n ha rdw are . Th e RD b it
can only be set (not cleared) in software. RD bit cannot be set when EEPGD = 1.)
0 = Does not initiate an EEPROM read
Legend:
R = Readable bitU = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
W = Writable bitS = Settable bit- n = Value after erase
‘1’ = Bit is set‘0’ = Bit is clearedx = Bit is unknown
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 85
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
5.2.2TABLAT – TABLE LATCH REGISTER
The Table Latch (TABLAT) is an 8-bit register mapped
into the SFR space. The Table Latch is used to hold 8bit data during data transfers between program
memory and data RAM.
5.2.3TBLPTR – TABLE POINTER
REGISTER
The Table Pointer (TBLPTR) addresses a byte within
the program memory. The TBLPTR is comprised of
three SFR registers: Table Pointer Upper Byte, Table
Pointer High Byte and Table Pointer Low Byte
(TBLPTRU:TBLPTRH:TBLPTRL). These three registers join to form a 22-bit wide po inter. The low-o rder
21 bits allow the device to address up to 2 Mbytes of
program memory sp ace. Th e 22nd b it allow s acce ss to
the device ID, the user ID and the configuration bits.
The Table Pointer, TB LPTR, is used by the TBLRD and
TBLWT instructions. These instructions can update the
TBLPTR in one of four ways based on the table operation. These operations are shown in Table 5-1. These
operations on the TBLPTR only affect the low-order
21 bits.
5.2.4 TABLE POINTER BOUNDARIES
TBLPTR is used in reads, writes and erases of the
Flash program memory.
When a TBLRD is executed, all 22 bits of the table
pointer determine which byte is read from program
memory into TABLAT.
When a TBLWT is executed, th e three LSbs o f the Table
Pointer (TBLPTR<2:0>) determine which of the eight
program memory holding registers is written to. When
the timed write to pr ogram memor y (long write) begins ,
the 19 MSbs of the Table Pointer (TBLPTR<21:3>) will
determine which program memory block of 8 bytes is
written to. For mo re detail , see Secti on 5.5 “Writing toFlash Program Memory”.
When an erase of program memory is executed, the
16 MSbs of the Table Pointer (TBLPTR<21:6>) poin t to
the 64-byte block that will be erased. The Least
Significant bits (TBLPTR<5:0>) are ignored.
Figure 5-3 describes the relevant boundaries of
TBLPTR based on Flash program memory operations.
TABLE 5-1:TABLE POINTER OPERATIONS WITH TBLRD AND TBLWT INSTRUCTIONS
ExampleOperation on Table Pointer
TBLRD*
TBLWT*
TBLRD*+
TBLWT*+
TBLRD*TBLWT*-
TBLRD+*
TBLWT+*
TBLPTR is incremented after the read/write
TBLPTR is decremented after the read/write
TBLPTR is incremented bef ore the read /write
TBLPTR is not modified
FIGURE 5-3:TABLE POINTER BOUNDARIES BASED ON OPERATION
2116 15870
DS30491C-page 86 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
TBLPTRU
ERASE – TBLPTR<20:6>
TBLPTRH
WRITE – TBLPTR<21:3>
READ – TBLPTR<21:0>
TBLPTRL
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
5.3Reading the Flash Program
Memory
The TBLRD instruction is used to retrieve data from
program memory and places it into data RAM. Table
reads from program memory are pe rformed one by te at
a time.
TBLPTR points to a byte address in program space.
Executing TBLRD places the byte pointed to into
TABLAT. In addition, TBLPTR can be modified
automatically for the next table read operation.
The internal program memory is typically organize d by
words. The Least Significant b it of th e address selects
between the high and low bytes of the word. Figure 5-4
shows the interface between the internal program
memory and the TABLAT.
FIGURE 5-4:READS FROM FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
Program Memory
(Even Byte Address)
(Odd Byte Address)
TBLPTR = xxxxx1
Instruction Register
(IR)
FETCH
TBLRD
EXAMPLE 5-1:READING A FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY WORD
MOVLWupper(CODE_ADDR); Load TBLPTR with the base
MOVWFTBLPTRU; address of the word
MOVLWhigh(CODE_ADDR)
MOVWFTBLPTRH
MOVLWlow(CODE_ADDR_LOW)
MOVWFTBLPTRL
READ_WORD
TBLRD*+; read into TABLAT and increment
MOVFTABLAT, W ; get data
MOVWFLSB
TBLRD*+; read into TABLAT and increment
MOVFTABLAT, W ; get data
MOVWFMSB
TBLPTR = xxxxx0
TABLAT
Read Register
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 87
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
5.4Erasing Flash Program Memory
The minimum eras e block is 32 wo rds or 64 b ytes. Only
through the use of an external programmer or through
ICSP control can larger blocks of program memory be
bulk erased. Word erase in the Flash array is not
supported.
When initiating an erase sequence from the microcontroller itself, a blo ck of 64 bytes of program memo ry
is erased. The Most Significant 16 bits of the
TBLPTR<21:6> point to the block being erased.
TBLPTR<5:0> are ignored.
The EECON1 register comma nds the erase operation.
The EEPGD bit must be set to point to the Flash
program memory. The WREN bit must be set to enable
write operations. The F REE bit is set to select an erase
operation.
For protection, the wri te i ni tiat e s equ enc e f or EECO N2
must be used.
A long write is nec essa ry for erasin g the i nternal Flash.
Instruction execution is halted while in a long write
cycle. The long write will be terminated by the internal
programming timer.
5.4.1FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
ERASE SEQUENCE
The sequence of events for erasing a block of internal
program memory location is:
1.Load table pointer with address of row being
erased.
2.Set the EECON1 register for the erase
operation:
• set EEPGD bit to point to program memory;
• clear the CFGS bit to access program memory;
• set WREN bit to enable writes;
• set FREE bit to enable the erase.
3.Disable interrupts.
4.Write 55h to EECON2.
5.Write 0AAh to EECON2.
6.Set the WR bit. This will begin the row erase
cycle.
7.The CPU will stall for duration of the erase
(about 2 ms using internal timer).
8.Execute a NOP.
9.Re-enable interrupts.
EXAMPLE 5-2:ERASING A FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY ROW
MOVLWupper(CODE_ADDR); load TBLPTR with the base
MOVWFTBLPTRU ; address of the memory block
MOVLWhigh(CODE_ADDR)
MOVWFTBLPTRH
MOVLWlow(CODE_ADDR)
MOVWFTBLPTRL
The minimum programmi ng block is 4 words or 8 bytes .
Word or byte programming is not supported.
Table writes are used internally to load the holding
registers needed to program the Flash memory. There
are eight holding registers used by the table writes for
programming.
Since the Table Latch (TABLAT) is only a single byte,
the TBLWT instruction has to be executed 8 times for
each programming operation. All of the table write
operations will e ssenti ally be sh ort wr ites bec ause only
the holding registers are w ritte n. At the end of upda ting
eight registers, the EECON1 register must be written
to, to start the programm ing operation with a lo ng write.
The long write is necessary for programming the internal Flash. Instruc tion exe cution is halted w hile in a long
write cycle. The long write will be terminated by the
internal programming timer.
The EEPROM on-chip timer controls the write time.
The write/erase voltages are generated by an on-chip
charge pump, rated to operate over the voltage range
of the device for byte or word operations.
FIGURE 5-5:TABLE WRITES TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
TABLAT
Write Register
888
TBLPTR = xxxxx2
Holding Register
TBLPTR = xxxxx0
Holding Register
8
TBLPTR = xxxxx1
Holding Register
TBLPTR = xxxxx7
Holding Register
Program Memory
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 89
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
5.5.1FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY WRITE
SEQUENCE
The sequence of events for program ming an internal
program memory location should be:
1.Read 64 bytes into RAM.
2.Update data values in RAM as necessary.
3.Load table pointer with address being erased.
4.Do the r ow erase procedure.
5.Load table pointer with address of first byte
being written.
6.Write the first 8 bytes into the holding registers
with auto-increment.
7.Set the EECON1 register for the w rite operation:
• set EEPGD bit to point to program memory;
8.Disable interrupts.
9.Write 55h to EECON2.
10. Write 0AAh to EECON2.
1 1. Set the WR bit. This will begin the write cycle.
12. The CPU will stall for d uration o f the w rite (abo ut
5 ms using internal timer).
13. Execute a NOP.
14. Re-enable interrupts.
15. Repeat steps 6-14 seven times to write 64 bytes.
16. Verify the memory (table read).
This procedure will require about 40 ms to update one
row of 64 bytes of memory. An example of the required
code is given in Example 5-3.
Note:Before setting the WR bit, the Table
• clear the CFGS bit to access program memory;
• set WREN to enable byte writes.
EXAMPLE 5-3:WRITING TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
MOVLWD’64; number of bytes in erase block
MOVWFCOUNTER
MOVLWhigh(BUFFER_ADDR); point to buffer
MOVWFFSR0H
MOVLWlow(BUFFER_ADDR)
MOVWFFSR0L
MOVLWupper(CODE_ADDR); Load TBLPTR with the base
MOVWFTBLPTRU; address of the memory block
MOVLWhigh(CODE_ADDR)
MOVWFTBLPTRH
MOVLWlow(CODE_ADDR)
READ_BLOCK
MODIFY_WORD
MOVWFTBLPTRL
TBLRD*+; read into TABLAT, and inc
MOVFTABLAT, W ; get data
MOVWFPOSTINC0; store data
DECFSZCOUNTER ; done?
BRAREAD_BLOCK; repeat
MOVLWhigh(DATA_ADDR); point to buffer
MOVWFFSR0H
MOVLWlow(DATA_ADDR)
MOVWFFSR0L
MOVLWlow(NEW_DATA); update buffer word
MOVWFPOSTINC0
MOVLWhigh(NEW_DATA)
MOVWFINDF0
Pointer address needs to be within the
intended address range of the eight bytes
in the holding register.
DS30491C-page 90 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
EXAMPLE 5-3:WRITING TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY (CONTINUED)
MOVLW8 ; number of write buffer groups of 8 bytes
MOVWFCOUNTER_HI
MOVLWhigh(BUFFER_ADDR); point to buffer
MOVWFFSR0H
MOVLWlow(BUFFER_ADDR)
MOVWFFSR0L
MOVLW8 ; number of bytes in holding register
MOVWFCOUNTER
MOVFWPOSTINC0, W; get low byte of buffer data
MOVWFTABLAT; present data to table latch
TBLWT+* ; write data, perform a short write
; to internal TBLWT holding register.
DECFSZCOUNTER ; loop until buffers are full
BRAWRITE_WORD_TO_HREGS
BSFEECON1, EEPGD; point to Flash program memory
BCFEECON1, CFGS; access Flash program memory
BSFEECON1, WREN; enable write to memory
BCFINTCON, GIE; disable interrupts
MOVLW55h
MOVWFEECON2; write 55h
BSFEECON1, WR; start program (CPU stall)
NOP
BSFINTCON, GIE; re-enable interrupts
DECFSZCOUNTER_HI; loop until done
BRA PROGRAM_LOOP
BCFEECON1, WREN; disable write to memory
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 91
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
5.5.2WRITE VERIFY
Depending on the application, good programming
practice may dictate that the value written to the memory should be verified against the original value. This
should be used in applications where excessive writes
can stress bits near the specification limit.
5.5.3UNEXPECTED TERMINATION OF
WRITE OPERATION
5.5.4PROTECTION AGAINST SPURIOUS
WRITES
To protect against spurious writes to Flash program
memory, the write initiate sequence must also be
followed. See Section 24.0 “Sp eci al Fe atu res of the
CPU” for more detail.
5.6Flash Program Operation During
Code Protection
If a write is termin ate d b y a n u np lan ned ev en t, s uc h a s
loss of power or an unexpected Reset, the memory
location just pr ogrammed shou ld be verifi ed and rep ro-
See Section 24.0 “Special Features of the CPU” for
details on code protection of Flash program memory.
grammed if needed. The WRERR bit is set when a
write operation is interrupted by a MCLR
Reset or a
WDT Time-o ut Reset duri ng normal operation. In these
situations, users can ch eck the WRERR bit and rewrite
the location.
TABLE 5-2:REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRAM FLASH MEMORY
NameBit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0
TBLPTRU
TBPLTRH Program Memory Table Pointer High Byte (TBLPTR<15:8>)0000 0000 0000 0000
TBLPTRLProgram Memory Table Pointer High Byte (TBLPTR<7:0>)0000 0000 0000 0000
TABLATProgram Memory Table Latch0000 0000 0000 0000
INTCONGIE/GIEH P EIE/GIEL
EECON2EEPROM Control Register 2 (not a physical register)——
EECON1EEPGDCFGS
IPR2
PIR2
PIE2
Legend:x = unknown, u = unchanged, r = reserved, – = unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
Shaded cells are not used during Flash/EEPROM access.
Val ue on:
POR, BOR
--00 0000 --00 0000
Value o n
all other
Resets
DS30491C-page 92 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
6.0EXTERNAL MEMORY
INTERFACE
Note:The external memory interface is not
implemented on PIC18F6X8X (64/68-pin)
devices.
The external memory interface is a feature of the
PIC18F8X8X devices that allows the controller to
access external memory devices (such as Flash,
EPROM, SRAM, etc.) as program memory.
The physical implementation of the interface uses
27 pins. These pins are reserved for external address/
data bus functions; they are multiplexed with I/O port
pins on four ports. Three I/O por ts are multiplexed with
the address/data bus, while the fourth port is multiplexed with the bus control signals. The I/O port functions are enable d wh en the EBD IS bit in th e M E MCON
register is set (see Register 6-1). A list of the
multiplexed pins and their functions is provided in
Table 6-1.
As implemented in the PIC18F8X8X devices, the
interface operates in a similar manner to the external
memory interface introduced on PIC18C601/801
microcontrollers. The most notable difference is that
the interface on PIC18F8X8X devices only operates in
16-bit modes. The 8-bit mode is not supported.
For a more complete discussion of the operating modes
that use the external memory interface, refer to
Section 4.1.1 “PIC18F8X8X Program Memory
Modes”.
6.1Program Memory Modes and the
External Memory Interface
As previously noted, PIC18F8X8X controllers are
capable of operating in any one of four program memory modes using combinations of on-chip and external
program memory. The functions of the multi plexe d port
pins depend on the progra m memory mode selec ted as
well as the setting of the EBDIS bit.
In Microprocessor Mode, the external bus is always
active and the port pins have only the external bus
function.
In Microcontroller M ode, th e bus is no t acti ve an d the
pins have their port functions only. Writes to the
MEMCOM register are not permitted.
In Microprocessor with Boot Block or ExtendedMicrocontroller Mode, the external program memory
bus shares I/O port functions on the pins. When the
device is fetching or doing table read/table write
operations on the external program memory sp ace, th e
pins will have the external bus function. If the device is
fetching and accessing internal program memory
locations only, the EBDIS control bit will change the
pins from external memory to I/O port functions. When
EBDIS = 0, the pins function as the external bus. When
EBDIS = 1, the pins function as I/O ports.
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 93
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
REGISTER 6-1:MEMCON REGISTER
R/W-0U-0R/W-0R/W-0U-0U-0R/W-0R/W-0
(1)
EBDIS
bit 7bit 0
—WAIT1WAIT0——WM1WM0
bit 7EBDIS: External Bus Disable bit
1 = External system bus disabled, all external bus drivers are mapped as I/O ports
0 = External system bus enabled and I/O ports are disabled
Note 1: This bit is ignored when device is accessing external memory either to fetch an
instruction or perform TBLRD/TBLWT.
bit 6Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 5-4WAIT<1:0>: Table Reads and Writes Bus Cycle Wait Count bits
11 = Table reads and writes will wait 0 T
10 = Table reads and writes will wait 1 TCY
01 = Table reads and writes will wait 2 TCY
00 = Table reads and writes will wait 3 TCY
bit 3-2Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 1-0WM<1:0>: TBLWT Operation with 16-bit Bus bits
1x = Word Write mode: LSB and MSB word output, WRH active when MSB written
01 = Byte Select mode: TABLAT data copied on both MS and LS Byte, WRH
will activate
00 = Byte Write mode: T ABLAT data copied on both M S and LS Byte, WRH
Legend:
R = Readable bitW = Writable bitU = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR‘1’ = Bit is set‘0’ = Bit is clearedx = Bit is unknown
Note:The MEMCON register is held in Reset in Microcontroller mode.
(1)
CY
and (UB or LB)
or WRL will activate
DS30491C-page 94 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
If the device fetches or accesses external memory
while EBDIS = 1, the pins will switch to external bus. If
the EBDIS bit is set by a program executing from external memory, the action of setting the bit will be delayed
until the program branch es into the internal me mory. At
that time, the pins will change from external bus to I/O
ports.
When the device is executing out of internal memory
(with EBDIS = 0) in Microprocessor with Boot Block
mode or Extended Microcontroller mode, the control signals will be in inactive. They will go to a state where the
AD<15:0>, A<19:16> are tri-state; the OE
UB
and LB signals are ‘1’; and ALE and BA0 are ‘0’.
TABLE 6-1:PIC18F8X8X EXTERNAL BUS – I/O PORT FUNCTIONS
NamePortBitFunction
RD0/AD0PORTDbit 0 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 0 or Data bit 0
RD1/AD1PORTDbit 1 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 1 or Data bit 1
RD2/AD2PORTDbit 2 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 2 or Data bit 2
RD3/AD3PORTDbit 3 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 3 or Data bit 3
RD4/AD4PORTDbit 4 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 4 or Data bit 4
RD5/AD5PORTDbit 5 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 5 or Data bit 5
RD6/AD6PORTDbit 6 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 6 or Data bit 6
RD7/AD7PORTDbit 7 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 7 or Data bit 7
RE0/AD8PORTEbit 0 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 8 or Data bit 8
RE1/AD9PORTEbit 1 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 9 or Data bit 9
RE2/AD10PORTEbit 2 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 10 or Data bit 10
RE3/AD11PORTEbit 3 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 11 or Data bit 11
RE4/AD12PORTEbit 4 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 12 or Data bit 12
RE5/AD13PORTEbit 5 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 13 or Data bit 13
RE6/AD14PORTEbit 6 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 14 or Data bit 14
RE7/AD15PORTEbit 7 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 15 or Data bit 15
RH0/A16PORTHbit 0 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 16
RH1/A17PORTHbit 1 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 17
RH2/A18PORTHbit 2 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 18
RH3/A19PORTHbit 3 Input/Output or System Bus Address bit 19
RJ0/ALEPORTJbit 0 Input/Output or System Bus Address Latch Enable (ALE) Control pin
RJ1/OE
RJ2/WRL
RJ3/WRH
RJ4/BA0PORTJbit 4 Input/Output or System Bus Byte Address bit 0
RJ5/CE
RJ6/LB
RJ7/UB
PORTJbit 1 Input/Output or System Bus Output Enable (OE) Control pin
PORTJbit 2 Input/Output or System Bus Write Low (WRL) Control pin
PORTJbit 3 Input/Output or System Bus Write High (WRH) Control pin
PORTJbit 5 Input/Output or Chip Enable
PORTJbit 6 Input/Output or System Bus Lower Byte Enable (LB) Control pin
PORTJbit 7 Input/Output or System Bus Uppe r Byte Enable (UB) Control pin
, WRH, WRL,
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 95
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
6.216-bit Mode
The external memory interface implemented in
PIC18F8X8X devices operates only in 16-bit mode.
The mode selection is not software configurable but is
programmed via the configuration bits.
The WM<1:0> bits in the MEMCON register determine
three types of connections in 16-bit mode. They are
referred to as:
• 16-bit Byte Write
• 16-bit Word Write
• 16-bit Byte Select
These three different configurations allow the designer
maximum flexibility in using 8-bit and 16-bit memory
devices.
For all 16-bit modes, the Address Latch Enable (ALE)
pin indicates that the Address bits (A<15:0>) are available on the external memory interface bus. Following
the address latch, the Output Enable signal (OE
enable both bytes of program memory at once to form
a 16-bit instruction word.
In Byte Select mode, JEDEC st andard Flash me mories
will require BA0 for the byte address line, and one I/O
line to select between Byte and Word mode. The other
16-bit modes do not nee d BA0. J EDE C st a ndard static
RAM memories will use the UB
selection.
6.2.116-BIT BYTE WRITE MODE
Figure 6-1 shows an example of 16-bit Byte Write
mode for PIC18F8X8X devices.
FIGURE 6-1:16-BIT BYTE WRITE MODE EXAMPLE
D<7:0>
PIC18F8X8X
AD<7:0>
AD<15:8>
A<19:16>
WRH
373
373
ALE
CE
OE
WRL
A<19:0>
D<15:8>
or LB signals for byte
(MSB)
A<x:0>
D<7:0>
CE
(1)
WR
OEOE
WR
D<7:0>
A<x:0>
D<7:0>
CE
(LSB)
) will
(1)
Address Bus
Data Bus
Control Lines
Note 1: This signal only applies to table writes. See Section 5.1 “Table Reads and T able Wri tes”.
DS30491C-page 96 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
6.2.216-BIT WORD WRITE MODE
Figure 6-2 shows an example of 16-bit Word Write
mode for PIC18F8X8X devices.
FIGURE 6-2:16-BIT WORD WRITE MODE EXAMPLE
PIC18F8X8X
AD<7:0>
AD<15:8>
ALE
A<19:16>
CE
O
E
WRH
Note 1: This signal only applies to table writes. See Section 5.1 “Table Reads and Table Writes”.
373
373
A<20:1>
D<15:0>
A<x:0>
EPROM Memory
D<15:0>
Address Bus
Data Bus
Control Lines
JEDEC Word
OE
WR
(1)
CE
2004 Microchip Technology Inc.DS30491C-page 97
PIC18F6585/8585/6680/8680
6.2.316-BIT BYTE SELECT MODE
Figure 6-3 shows an example of 16-bit Byte Select
mode for PIC18F8X8X devices.
FIGURE 6-3:16-BIT BYTE SELECT MODE EXAMPLE
PIC18F8X8X
AD<7:0>
AD<15:8>
ALE
A<19:16>
O
E
WRH
RL
W
BA0
CE
LB
UB
Note 1: This signal only applies to table writes. See Section 5.1 “Table Reads and Tab le Writes”.
373
373
A<20:1>
A<20:1>
A<x:1>
OE
(1)
WR
A0
CE
LB
UB
JEDEC Word
SRAM Memory
Address Bus
Data Bus
Control Lines
D<15:0>
D<15:0>
DS30491C-page 98 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
Loading...
+ hidden pages
You need points to download manuals.
1 point = 1 manual.
You can buy points or you can get point for every manual you upload.