The PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano Evaluation Kit is a hardware platform to evaluate the PIC18F47K42
microcontroller.
Supported by Microchip MPLAB® X Integrated Development Environment (IDE), the kit provides easy
access to the features of the PIC18F47K42 to explore how to integrate the device into a custom design.
The Curiosity Nano series of evaluation kits include an on-board debugger. No external tools are
necessary to program and debug the PIC18F47K42.
Steps to start exploring the Curiosity Nano platform:
1.Download Microchip MPLAB® X.
2.Launch Microchip MPLAB® X.
3.Connect a USB cable (Standard-A to Micro-B or Micro-AB) between the PC and the debug USB
port on the kit.
When the Curiosity Nano kit is connected to your computer for the first time, the operating system will
perform a driver software installation. The driver file supports both 32- and 64-bit versions of Microsoft
Windows® XP, Windows Vista®, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 10. The drivers for the kit are
included with Microchip MPLAB® X.
Once the Curiosity Nano board is powered the green status LED will be lit and Microchip MPLAB® X will
auto-detect which Curiosity Nano board is connected. Microchip MPLAB® X will present relevant
information like data sheets and kit documentation. The PIC18F47K42 device is programmed and
debugged by the on-board debugger and therefore no external programmer or debugger tool is required.
PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano
Getting Started
®
2.2 Design Documentation and Relevant Links
The following list contains links to the most relevant documents and software for the PIC18F47K42
Curiosity Nano.
• MPLAB® X IDE - MPLAB® X IDE is a software program that runs on a PC (Windows®, Mac OS®,
Linux®) to develop applications for Microchip microcontrollers and digital signal controllers. It is called
an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) because it provides a single integrated “environment”
to develop code for embedded microcontrollers.
• MPLAB® Code Configurator - MPLAB® Code Configurator (MCC) is a free software plug-in that
provides a graphical interface to configure peripherals and functions specific to your application.
• Microchip Sample Store - Microchip sample store where you can order samples of devices.
• Data Visualizer - Data Visualizer is a program used for processing and visualizing data. The Data
Visualizer can receive data from various sources such as the EDBG Data Gateway Interface found
on Curiosity Nano and Xplained Pro boards and COM Ports.
• PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano website - Kit information, latest user guide and design
documentation.
• PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano on microchipDIRECT - Purchase this kit on microchipDIRECT.
Curiosity Nano is an evaluation platform of small boards with access to most of the microcontrollers I/Os.
The platform consists of a series of low pin-count microcontroller (MCU) boards with on-board debuggers,
which are integrated with Microchip MPLAB® X. Each board is identified in the IDE, and relevant user
guides, application notes, data sheets, and example code are easy to find. The on-board debugger
features a Virtual COM port (CDC) for serial communication to a host PC, and a Data Gateway Interface
(DGI) GPIO logic analyzer pin.
3.1 On-board Debugger
The PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano contains an on-board debugger for programming and debugging. The
on-board debugger is a composite USB device of several interfaces: A debugger, a mass storage device,
a data gateway, and a Virtual COM port (CDC).
Together with Microchip MPLAB® X, the on-board debugger can program and debug the PIC18F47K42.
A Data Gateway Interface (DGI) is available for use with the logic analyzer channels for code
instrumentation, to visualize the program flow. DGI GPIOs can be graphed using the Data Visualizer.
PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano
Curiosity Nano
The Virtual COM port is connected to a UART on the PIC18F47K42 and provides an easy way to
communicate with the target application through terminal software.
The on-board debugger controls a Power and Status LED (marked PS) on the PIC18F47K42 Curiosity
Nano. The table below shows how the LED is controlled in different operation modes.
Table 3-1. On-Board Debugger LED Control
Operation ModeStatus LED
Boot Loader modeLED blink at 1 Hz during power-up.
Power-upLED is ON.
Normal operationLED is ON.
ProgrammingActivity indicator: The LED flashes slowly during programming/debugging.
FaultThe LED flashes fast if a power fault is detected.
Sleep/OffLED is off. The on-board debugger is either in Sleep mode or powered down.
3.1.1 Virtual COM Port
The Virtual COM Port is a general purpose serial bridge between a host PC and a target device.
3.1.1.1 Overview
The on-board debugger implements a composite USB device that includes a standard Communications
Device Class (CDC) interface, which appears on the host as a Virtual COM Port. The CDC can be used
to stream arbitrary data in both directions between the host and the target: All characters sent from the
host will be sent through a UART on the CDC TX pin, and UART characters sent into the CDC RX pin will
be sent back to the host through the Virtual COM Port.
This can occur if the kit is externally powered.
On Windows machines, the CDC will enumerate as Curiosity Virtual COM Port and appear in the Ports
section of the device manager. The COM port number is shown here.
On Linux machines, the CDC will enumerate and appear as /dev/ttyACM#.
On MAC machines, the CDC will enumerate and appear as /dev/tty.usbmodem#. Depending on
which terminal program is used, it will appear in the available list of modems as usbmodem#.
3.1.1.2 Limitations
Not all UART features are implemented in the on-board debugger CDC. The constraints are outlined
here:
• Baud rate must be in the range 1200 bps to 500 kbps. Any baud rate outside this range will be set to
the closest limit, without warning. Baud rate can be changed on-the-fly.
• Character format: Only 8-bit characters are supported.
• Parity: Can be odd, even, or none.
• Hardware flow control: Not supported.
• Stop bits: One or two bits are supported.
PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano
Curiosity Nano
Info: On older Windows systems, a USB driver is required for CDC. This driver is included in
MPLAB X and Atmel® Studio installations.
3.1.1.3 Signaling
During USB enumeration, the host OS will start both communication and data pipes of the CDC interface.
At this point, it is possible to set and read back the baud rate and other UART parameters of the CDC, but
data sending and receiving will not be enabled.
When a terminal connects on the host, it must assert the DTR signal. This is a virtual control signal
implemented on the USB interface, but not in hardware in the on-board debugger. Asserting DTR from
the host will indicate to the on-board debugger that a CDC session is active, will enable its level shifters
(if available) and start the CDC data send and receive mechanisms.
Deasserting the DTR signal will not disable the level shifters but disable the receiver so no further data
will be streamed to the host. Data packets that are already queued up for sending to the target will
continue to be sent out, but no further data will be accepted.
Remember: Enable to set up your terminal emulator to assert the DTR signal. Without it, the
on-board debugger will not send or receive any data through its UART.
3.1.1.4 Advanced Use
CDC Override Mode
In normal operation, the on-board debugger is a true UART bridge between the host and the device.
However, under certain use cases, the on-board debugger can override the basic operating mode and
use the CDC pins for other purposes.
Dropping a text file (with extension .txt) into the on-board debugger’s mass storage drive can be used
to send characters out of the CDC TX pin. The text file must start with the characters:
CMD:SEND_UART=
The maximum message length is 50 characters - all remaining data in the frame are ignored.
The default baud rate used in this mode is 9600 bps, but if the CDC is already active or has been
configured, the baud rate last used still applies.
USB-Level Framing Considerations
Sending data from the host to the CDC can be done byte-wise or in blocks, which will be chunked into 64byte USB frames. Each such frame will be queued up for sending to the CDC TX pin. Transferring a small
amount of data per frame can be inefficient, particularly at low baud rates, since the on-board debugger
buffers frames and not bytes. A maximum of 4 x 64-byte frames can be active at any time. The on-board
debugger will throttle the incoming frames accordingly. Sending full 64-byte frames containing data is the
most efficient.
When receiving data from the target, the on-board debugger will queue up the incoming bytes into 64byte frames, which are sent to the USB queue for transmission to the host when they are full. Incomplete
frames are also pushed to the USB queue at approximately 100 ms intervals, triggered by USB start-offrame tokens. Up to 8 x 64-byte frames can be active at any time.
If the host, or the software running on it, fails to receive data fast enough, an overrun will occur. When this
happens, the last-filled buffer frame will be recycled instead of being sent to the USB queue, and a full
frame of data will be lost. To prevent this occurrence, the user must ensure that the CDC data pipe is
being read continuously, or the incoming data rate must be reduced.
3.1.2 Mass Storage Disk
A simple way to program the target device is through drag and drop with .hex files.
3.1.2.1 Mass Storage Device
The on-board debugger implements a highly optimized variant of the FAT12 file system that has a number
of limitations, partly due to the nature of FAT12 itself and optimizations made to fulfill its purpose for its
embedded application.
The CURIOSITY drive is USB Chapter 9 compliant as a mass storage device but does not, in any way,
fulfill the expectations of a general purpose mass storage device. This behavior is intentional.
The on-board debugger enumerates as a Curiosity Nano USB device that can be found in the disk drives
section of the Windows device manager. The CURIOSITY drive appears in the file manager and claims
the next available drive letter in the system.
The CURIOSITY drive contains approximately one MB of free space. This does not reflect the size of the
target device’s Flash in any way. When programming a .hex file, the binary data are encoded in ASCII
with metadata providing a large overhead, so one MB is a trivially chosen value for disk size.
It is not possible to format the CURIOSITY drive. When programming a file to the target, the filename may
appear in the disk directory listing. This is merely the operating system’s view of the directory, which, in
reality, has not been updated. It is not possible to read out the file contents. Removing and replugging the
kit will return the file system to its original state, but the target will still contain the application that has
been previously programmed.
To erase the target device, copy a text file starting with “CMD:ERASE” onto the disk.
By default, the CURIOSITY drive contains several read-only files for generating icons as well as reporting
status and linking to further information:
• AUTORUN.ICO - icon file for the Microchip logo.
• AUTORUN.INF - system file required for Windows Explorer to show the icon file.
• KIT-INFO.HTM - redirect to the development board website.
• KIT-INFO.TXT - a text file containing details about the kit firmware, name, serial number, and
device.
• STATUS.TXT - a text file containing the programming status of the board.
Info: STATUS.TXT is dynamically updated by the on-board debugger, the contents may be
cached by the OS and therefore not reflect the correct status.
3.1.2.2 Configuration Words
Configuration Words (PIC® MCU Targets)
Configuration Word settings included in the project being programmed after program Flash is
programmed. The debugger will not mask out any bits in the Configuration Words when writing them, but
since it uses Low-Voltage Programming mode, it is unable to clear the LVP Configuration bit. If the
incorrect clock source is selected, for example, and the board does not boot, it is always possible to
perform a bulk erase (always done before programming) and restore the device to its default settings.
PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano
Curiosity Nano
3.2 Curiosity Nano Standard Pinout
The twelve edge connections closest to the USB connector on Curiosity Nano kits have a standardized
pinout. The program/debug pins have different functions depending on the target programming interface
as shown in the table and figure below.
The kit is powered through the USB port and contains two LDO regulators, one to generate 3.3V for the
on-board debugger, and an adjustable LDO regulator for the target microcontroller PIC18F47K42 and its
peripherals. The voltage from the USB connector can vary between 4.4V to 5.25V (according to the USB
specification) and will limit the maximum voltage to the target. The figure below shows the entire power
supply system on PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano.
PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano
Curiosity Nano
Figure 3-2. Power Supply Block Diagram
3.3.1 Target Regulator
The target voltage regulator is a MIC5353 variable output LDO. The on-board debugger can adjust the
voltage output supplied to the kit target section by manipulating the MIC5353’s feedback voltage. The
hardware implementation is limited to an approximate voltage range from 1.7V to 5.1V. Additional output
voltage limits are configured in the debugger firmware to ensure that the output voltage never exceeds
the hardware limits of the PIC18F47K42 microcontroller. The voltage limits configured in the on-board
debugger on PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano are 2.3-5.1V.
Info: The target voltage is set to 3.3V in production. It can be changed through MPLAB X
project properties. Any change to the target voltage is persistent, even through a power toggle.
The MIC5353 supports a maximum current load of 500 mA. It is an LDO regulator in a small package,
placed on a small PCB, and the thermal shutdown condition can be reached at lower loads than 500 mA.
The maximum current load depends on the input voltage, the selected output voltage, and the ambient
temperature. The figure below shows the safe operating area for the regulator, with an input voltage of
5.1V and an ambient temperature of 23°C.
Figure 3-3. Target Regulator Safe Operation Area
3.3.2 External Supply
PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano can be powered by an external voltage instead of the on-board target
regulator. When the Voltage Off (VOFF) pin is shorted to ground (GND) the on-board debugger firmware
disables the target regulator, and it is safe to apply an external voltage to the VTG pin.
Applying an external voltage to the VTG pin without shorting VOFF to GND may cause
permanent damage to the kit.
Absolute maximum external voltage is 5.5V for the on-board level shifters, and the standard
operating condition of the PIC18F47K42 is 2.3-5.5V. Applying a higher voltage may cause
permanent damage to the kit.
Programming, debugging, and data streaming is still possible with an external power supply: The
debugger and signal level shifters will be powered from the USB cable. Both regulators, the debugger,
and the level shifters are powered down when the USB cable is removed.
3.3.3 VBUS Output Pin
PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano has a VBUS output pin which can be used to power external components
that need a 5V supply. The VBUS output pin has a PTC fuse to protect the USB against short circuits. A
side effect of the PTC fuse is a voltage drop on the VBUS output with higher current loads. The chart
TargetPowerstrap(topside)
below shows the voltage versus the current load of the VBUS output.
Figure 3-4. VBUS Output Voltage vs. Current
3.4 Target Current Measurement
Power to the PIC18F47K42 is connected from the on-board power supply and VTG pin through a 100-mil
pin header cut Target Power strap marked with “POWER” in silkscreen (J101). To measure the power
consumption of the PIC18F47K42 and other peripherals connected to the board, cut the Target PowerStrap and connect an ammeter over the strap.
Tip: A 100-mil pin header can be soldered into the Target Power strap (J101) footprint for easy
connection of an ammeter. Once the ammeter is not needed anymore, place a jumper-cap on
the pin header.
Info: The on-board level shifters will draw a small amount of current even when they are not in
use. A maximum of 10 µA can be drawn from the target power net, and an additional 2 µA can
be drawn from each I/O pin connected to a level shifter for a total of 20 µA. Disconnect the onboard debugger and level shifters as described in Section 3.5 Disconnecting the On-Board
Debugger and keep any I/O pin connected to a level shifter in tri-state to prevent leakage.
3.5 Disconnecting the On-Board Debugger
The block diagram below shows all connections between the debugger and the PIC18F47K42
microcontroller. The rounded boxes represent connections to the board edge on PIC18F47K42 Curiosity
Nano. The signal names shown in Figure 3-1 are printed in silkscreen on the bottom side of the board.
Figure 3-6. On-Board Debugger Connections to the PIC18F47K42
PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano
Curiosity Nano
VOFF
LDO
CDC RX
CDCTX
VTG
Power Supply strapTarget Power strap
VCC_EDGE
VCC_LEVEL
DBG0
DBG1
DBG2
DBG3
CDC TX
CDC RX
GPIO straps
VCC_TARGET
TARGETLevel-Shift
DBG0
DBG1
USB
DEBUGGER
VBUS
VBUS
LDO
VCC_P3V3
PA04/PA06
PA07
PA08
PA16
PA00
PA01
DIR x 5
DBG2
DBG3
By cutting the GPIO straps with a sharp tool, as shown in Figure 3-7, all I/Os connected between the
debugger and the PIC18F47K42 are completely disconnected. To completely disconnect the target
regulator and level shifter power from the target, cut the Power Supply strap (J100) as shown in Figure
3-7.
Info: Cutting the connections to the debugger will disable programming, debugging, data
streaming, and the target power supply. The signals will also be disconnected from the board
edge next to the on-board debugger section.
All the PIC18F47K42 I/O pins are accessible at the edge connectors on the board. The image below
shows the kit pinout.
Figure 4-1. PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano Pinout
PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano
Hardware User Guide
4.1.2 Using Pin Headers
The edge connector footprint on PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano has a staggered design where each of the
holes is shifted 8 mil (~0.2 mm) off center. The hole shift allows the use of regular 100-mil pin headers on
the kit without soldering. Once the pin headers are firmly in place, they can be used in normal
applications like pin sockets and prototyping boards without any issues.
Tip: Start at one end of the pin header and gradually insert the header along the length of the
board. Once all the pins are in place, use a flat surface to push them all the way in.
Tip: For applications where the pin headers will be used permanently, it is still recommended
to solder them in place.
Important: Once the pin headers are in place, they are hard to remove by hand. Use a set of
pliers and carefully remove the pin headers to avoid damage to the pin headers and printed
circuit board.
4.2 Peripherals
4.2.1 LED
There is one yellow user LED available on the PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano kit that can be controlled by
either GPIO or PWM. The LED can be activated by driving the connected I/O line to GND.
PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano
Hardware User Guide
Table 4-1. LED Connection
PIC18F47K42 PinFunctionShared Functionality
RE0Yellow LED0Edge connector
4.2.2 Mechanical Switch
The PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano has one mechanical switch. This is a generic user-configurable switch.
When the switch is pressed, it will drive the I/O line to ground (GND).
Tip: There is no externally connected pull-up resistor on the switch. To use the switch, make
sure that an internal pull-up resistor is enabled on pin RE2.
Table 4-2. Mechanical Switch
PIC18F47K42 PinDescriptionShared Functionality
RE2User switch (SW0)Edge connector
4.2.3 Crystal
The PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano board has a footprint for a 32.768 kHz crystal.
The crystal footprint is connected to the PIC18F47K42 by default, but the GPIOs are routed out to the
edge connector through open solder straps. The two I/O lines routed to the edge connector are
disconnected by default to both reduce the chance of contention to the crystal as well as removing
excessive capacitance on the lines when using the crystal. To use the pins RC0 and RC1 as GPIO on the
edge connector, some hardware modification is needed. Add a solder blob to the open straps on the
bottom side to connect the routing. The crystal should be disconnected when using the pin as GPIO, as
this might harm the crystal.
Table 4-3. Crystal Connections
PIC18F47K42 PinFunctionShared Functionality
RC0SOSC0 (Crystal output)Edge connector
RC1SOSCI (Crystal input)Edge connector
4.2.4 On-Board Debugger Implementation
PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano features an on-board debugger that can be used to program and debug the
PIC18F47K42 using ICSP. The on-board debugger also includes a Virtual Com port interface over UART
and DGI GPIO. Microchip MPLAB® X can be used as a front-end for the on-board debugger for
programming and debugging. Data Visualizer can be used as a front-end for the CDC and DGI GPIO.
4.2.4.1 On-Board Debugger Connections
The table below shows the connections between the target and the debugger section. All connections
between the target and the debugger are tri-stated as long as the debugger is not actively using the
interface. Hence there is little contamination of the signals the pins can be configured to anything the user
wants.
PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano
Hardware User Guide
For further information on how to use the capabilities of the on-board debugger, see Section 3. Curiosity
This user guide provides the latest available revision of the kit. This section contains information about
known issues, a revision history of older revisions, and how older revisions differ from the latest revision.
5.1 Identifying Product ID and Revision
The revision and product identifier of the PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano can be found in two ways; either
through Microchip MPLAB® X or by looking at the sticker on the bottom side of the PCB.
By connecting a PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano to a computer with Microchip MPLAB® X running, an
information window will pop up. The first six digits of the serial number, which is listed under kit details,
contain the product identifier and revision.
The same information can be found on the sticker on the bottom side of the PCB. Most kits will print the
identifier and revision in plain text as A09-nnnn\rr, where “nnnn” is the identifier and “rr” is the revision.
The boards with limited space have a sticker with only a QR-code, containing the product identifier,
revision and the serial number.
The serial number string has the following format:
"nnnnrrssssssssss"
n = product identifier
r = revision
s = serial number
The product identifier for PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano is A09-3244.
5.2 Revision 2
Revision 2 adds the Target Power strap and staggered the holes along the edge of the PCB for
convenient use of pin headers without soldering.
5.3 Revision 1
Revision 1 is the initially released revision with limited distribution.
The holes along the edge of revision 1 are not staggered as described in 4.1.2 Using Pin Headers, and
requires that any pin headers must be soldered into the board for use.
Revision 1 does not have the Target Power strap described in 3.4 Target Current Measurement, instead
current can be measured across the Power Supply strap as described in 3.5 Disconnecting the On-
Even though there is an on-board debugger, external debuggers can be connected directly to the
PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano to program/debug the PIC18F47K42. The on-board debugger keeps all the
pins connected to the PIC18F47K42 and board edge in tri-state when not actively used. Therefore, the
on-board debugger will not interfere with any external debug tools.
Figure 7-5. Connecting the MPLAB PICkit™ 4 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer to PIC18F47K42
Curiosity Nano
PIC18F47K42 Curiosity Nano
Appendix
The MPLAB PICkit 4 In-circuit Debugger/Programmer is capable of delivering high voltage on
the MCLR pin. R110 can be permanently damaged by the high voltage. If R110 is broken, the
on-board debugger can not enter programming mode of the PIC18F47K42, and will typically fail
at reading the device ID.
To avoid contention between the external debugger and the on-board debugger, do not start any
programming/debug operation with the on-board debugger through Microchip MPLAB® X or
mass storage programming while the external tool is active.
Microchip provides online support via our website at http://www.microchip.com/. This website is used to
make files and information easily available to customers. Some of the content available includes:
• Product Support – Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample programs, design
resources, user’s guides and hardware support documents, latest software releases and archived
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• General Technical Support – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), technical support requests,
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• Business of Microchip – Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip press releases,
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Product Change Notification Service
Microchip’s product change notification service helps keep customers current on Microchip products.
Subscribers will receive email notification whenever there are changes, updates, revisions or errata
related to a specified product family or development tool of interest.
To register, go to http://www.microchip.com/pcn and follow the registration instructions.
Customer Support
Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels:
• Distributor or Representative
• Local Sales Office
• Embedded Solutions Engineer (ESE)
• Technical Support
Customers should contact their distributor, representative or ESE for support. Local sales offices are also
available to help customers. A listing of sales offices and locations is included in this document.
Technical support is available through the web site at: http://www.microchip.com/support
Microchip Devices Code Protection Feature
Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:
• Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.
• Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the
market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions.
• There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of
these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the
operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is
engaged in theft of intellectual property.
• Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.
• Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their
code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.”
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the
code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a
violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software
or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.
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trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.
The Adaptec logo, Frequency on Demand, Silicon Storage Technology, and Symmcom are registered
trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. in other countries.