MICROCHIP PIC12CE67X Technical data



查询12CE673供应商

M

PIC12CE67X

8-Pin, 8-Bit CMOS Microcontroller with A/D Converter

and EEPROM Data Memory

Devices Included in this Data Sheet:

• PIC12CE673

• PIC12CE674

High-Performance RISC CPU:

• Only 35 single word instructions to learn

• All instructions are single cycle (400 ns) except for
program branches which are two-cycle

• Operating speed: DC - 10 MHz clock input

DC - 400 ns instruction cycle

Memory

Device

Program

PIC12CE673 1024 x 14 128 x 8 16 x 8
PIC12CE674 2048 x 14 128 x 8 16 x 8

• 14-bit wide instructions

• 8-bit wide data path

• Interrupt capability

• Special function hardware registers

• 8-level deep hardware stack

• Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes for
data and instructions

Peripheral Features:

• Four-channel, 8-bit A/D converter

• 8-bit real time clock/counter (TMR0) with 8-bit
programmable prescaler

• Interrupt on pin change (GP0, GP1, GP3)

• 1,000,000 erase/write cycle EEPROM data
memory

• EEPROM data retention > 40 years

Data
RAM

Data

EEPROM

Pin Diagram:

PDIP , Windowed CERDIP

PIC12CE673

VDD

GP5/OSC1/CLKIN

GP4/OSC2/AN3/CLKOUT

GP3/MCLR

/VPP

Special Microcontroller Features:

• In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP™)

• Internal 4 MHz oscillator with programmable
calibration

• Selectable clockout

• Power-on Reset (POR)

• Power-up Timer (PWRT) and Oscillator Start-up
Timer (OST)

• Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC
oscillator for reliable operation

• Programmable code protection

• Power saving SLEEP mode

• Internal pull-ups on I/O pins (GP0, GP1, GP3)

• Internal pull-up on MCLR

• Selectable oscillator options:

- INTRC: Precision internal 4 MHz oscillator

- EXTRC: External low-cost RC oscillator

- XT: Standard crystal/resonator

- HS: High speed crystal/resonator

- LP: Power saving, low frequency crystal

CMOS Tec hnology:

• Low-power, high-speed CMOS EPROM/
EEPROM technology

• Fully static design

• Wide operating voltage range 2.5V to 5.5V

• Commercial, Industrial, and Extended
temperature ranges

• Low power consumption
< 2 mA @ 5V, 4 MHz
15 µ A typical @ 3V, 32 kHz
< 1 µ A typical standby current

PIC12CE674

1
2
3
4

pin

8
7
6
5

VSS
GP0/AN0
GP1/AN1/V

REF

GP2/T0CKI/AN2/INT

1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS40181B-page 1



PIC12CE67X

Table of Contents

1.0 General Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 3

2.0 PIC12CE67X Device Varieties....................................................................................................................................................... 5

3.0 Architectural Overview...................................................................................................................................................................7

4.0 Memory Organization................................................................................................................................................................... 11

5.0 I/O Port......................................................................................................................................................................................... 25

6.0 EEPROM Peripheral Operation................................................................................................................................................... 27

7.0 Timer0 Module.............................................................................................................................................................................31

8.0 Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D) Module ................................................................................................................................... 37

9.0 Special Features of the CPU ....................................................................................................................................................... 45

10.0 Instruction Set Summary.............................................................................................................................................................. 61

11.0 Development Support..................................................................................................................................................................75

12.0 Electrical Characteristics for PIC12CE67X.................................................................................................................................. 81

13.0 DC and AC Characteristics - PIC12CE67X................................................................................................................................. 99

14.0 Packaging Information............................................................................................................................................................... 103

Index .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 107

PIC12CE67X Product Identification System ..................................................................................................................................... 113

To Our Valued Customers

Most Current Data Sheet

To obtain the most up-to-date version of this data sheet, please check our Worldwide Web site at:

http://www.microchip.com

You can determine the version of a data sheet by examining its literature number found on the bottom outside corner of any page.
The last character of the literature number is the version number. e.g., DS30000A is version A of document DS30000.

Errata

An errata sheet may exist for current devices, describing minor operational differences (from the data sheet) and recommended
workarounds. As de vice/documentation issues become known to us , we will publish an err ata sheet. The err ata will specify the revi­sion of silicon and revision of document to which it applies.

To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please check with one of the following:

• Microchip’s Worldwide Web site; http://www.microchip.com

• Your local Microchip sales office (see last page)

• The Microchip Corporate Literature Center; U.S. FAX: [phone]
When contacting a sales office or the literature center, please specify which device, revision of silicon and data sheet (include lit-

erature number) you are using.

Corrections to this Data Sheet

We constantly strive to improve the quality of all our products and documentation. We have spent a great deal of time to ensure
that this document is correct. How e ver, we realize that w e may have missed a fe w things . If you find any information that is missing
or appears in error, please:

• Fill out and mail in the reader response form in the back of this data sheet.

• E-mail us at [e-mail].
We appreciate your assistance in making this a better document.

DS40181B-page 2

Preliminary

1998 Microchip Technology Inc.



PIC12CE67X

1.0 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The PIC12CE67X devices are low-cost, high-perfor­mance, CMOS, fully-static, 8-bit microcontroller with
integrated analog-to-digital (A/D) converter and
EEPROM data memory in the PIC12CEXXX Micro­controller family.

All PICmicro™ microcontrollers employ an advanced
RISC architecture. The PIC12C67X microcontrollers
have enhanced core features, eight-level deep stack,
and multiple internal and external interrupt sources.
The separate instruction and data buses of the Harvard
architecture allow a 14-bit wide instruction word with
the separate 8-bit wide data. The two stage instruction
pipeline allows all instructions to execute in a single
cycle, except for program branches which require two
cycles. A total of 35 instructions (reduced instruction
set) are available . Additionally , a large register set giv es
some of the architectural innovations used to achie ve a
very high performance.

PIC12C67X microcontrollers typically achieve a 2:1
code compression and a 4:1 speed improvement over
other 8-bit microcontrollers in their class.

The PIC12CE67X devices ha v e 128 bytes of RAM, 16
bytes of EEPROM data memory, 5 I/O
pin. In addition a timer/counter is available. Also a 4­channel high-speed 8-bit A/D is provided. The 8-bit res­olution is ideally suited for applications requiring low­cost analog interface, e.g. thermostat control, pressure
sensing, etc.

The PIC12CE67X device has special features to
reduce external components, thus reducing cost,
enhancing system reliability and reducing power con­sumption. The Power-On Reset (POR), Power-up
Timer (PWRT), and Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
eliminate the need for external reset circuitry . There are
five oscillator configurations to choose from, including
INTRC precision internal oscillator mode and the
power-saving LP (Low Power) oscillator mode. Power
saving SLEEP mode, Watchdog Timer and code
protection features improve system cost, power and
reliability.The SLEEP (power-down) feature provides a
power saving mode. The user can wake up the chip
from SLEEP through several external and internal
interrupts and resets.

pins and 1 input

A highly reliable Watchdog Timer with its own on-chip
RC oscillator provides protection against software lock­up.

A UV erasable windowed package version is ideal for
code development while the cost-effective One-Time­Programmable (OTP) version is suitable for production
in any volume. The customer can take full advantage of
Microchip’s price leadership in OTP microcontrollers
while benefiting from the OTP’s flexibility.

The PIC12CE67X device fits perfectly in applications
ranging from security and remote sensors to appliance
control and automotive. The EPROM technology
makes customization of application programs (trans­mitter codes, motor speeds, receiver frequencies, etc.)
extremely fast and convenient. The small footprint
packages make this microcontroller series perfect for
all applications with space limitations. Low cost, low
power, high performance, ease of use and I/O flexibility
make the PIC12CE67X very versatile even in areas
where no microcontroller use has been considered
before (e.g. timer functions, communications and
coprocessor applications).

1.1 F

The PIC12CE67X products are compatible with other
members of the 14-Bit, PIC12C67X and PIC16CXXX
families.

1.2 De

The PIC12CE67X device is supported by a full-fea­tured macro assembler, a software simulator, an in-cir­cuit emulator, a lo w-cost dev elopment programmer and
a full-featured programmer. A “C” compiler and fuzzy
logic support tools are also available.

amily and Upward Compatibility

velopment Support

1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS40181B-page 3



PIC12CE67X

TABLE 1-1: PIC12CXXX & PIC12CEXXX FAMILY OF DEVICES

Clock

Memory

Peripherals

Features

PIC12C508(A)

Maximum
Frequency
of Operation
(MHz)

EPROM
Program
Memory

RAM Data
Memory
(bytes)

EEPROM
Data Memory
(bytes)

Timer
Module(s)

A/D Con­verter (8-bit)
Channels

Wake-up
from SLEEP
on pin
change

Interrupt
Sources

I/O Pins 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Input Pins 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Internal

Pull-ups
In-Circuit

Serial
Programming

Number of
Instructions

Packages 8-pin DIP,

4 4 4 4 10 10 10 10

512 x 12 1024 x 12 512 x 12 1024 x 12 1024 x 14 2048 x 14 1024 x 14 2048 x 14

25 41 25 41 128 128

— — 16 16 — —

TMR0 TMR0 TMR0 TMR0 TMR0 TMR0 TMR0 TMR0

— — — — 4 4 4 4

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

— — — — 4 4 4 4

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

33 33 33 33 35 35 35 35

JW, SOIC

PIC12C509(A) PIC12CE518 PIC12CE519 PIC12C671 PIC12C672 PIC12CE673 PIC12CE674

8-pin DIP,
JW, SOIC

8-pin DIP,
JW, SOIC

8-pin DIP,
JW, SOIC

8-pin DIP,
JW, SOIC

8-pin DIP,
JW, SOIC

128 128

16 16

8-pin DIP, JW8-pin DIP,

JW

All PIC12CXXX & PIC12CEXXX devices have Power-on Reset, selectable Watchdog Timer, selectable
code protect and high I/O current capability.
All PIC12CXXX & PIC12CEXXX devices use serial programming with data pin GP0 and clock pin GP1.

DS40181B-page 4

Preliminary

1998 Microchip Technology Inc.



PIC12CE67X

2.0 PIC12CE67X DEVICE
VARIETIES

A variety of frequency ranges and packaging options
are available . Depending on application and production
requirements, the proper device option can be selected
using the information in the PIC12CE67X Product Iden­tification System section at the end of this data sheet.
When placing orders, please use that page of the data
sheet to specify the correct part number.

For example, the PIC12CE67X device “type” is indi­cated in the device number:

1. CE , as in PIC12 CE 674. These devices have

OTP program memory, EEPROM data memory
and operate over the standard voltage range.

2.1 UV Erasab

The UV erasable version, offered in windowed pack­age, is optimal for prototype dev elopment and pilot pro­grams.

The UV erasable version can be erased and repro­grammed to any of the configuration modes.
Microchip's PICSTART
grammers both support the PIC12CE67X. Third party
programmers also are available; refer to the Microchip
Third Party Guide for a list of sources.

le Devices



Plus and PRO MATE



pro-

2.3 Quic

k-Turn-Programming (QTP)

Devices

Microchip offers a QTP Programming Service for fac­tory production orders. This service is made available
for users who choose not to program a medium to high
quantity of units and whose code patterns have stabi­lized. The devices are identical to the OTP devices but
with all EPROM locations and configuration options
already programmed by the factory. Certain code and
prototype verification procedures apply before produc­tion shipments are available. Please contact your local
Microchip Technology sales office for more details.

2.4 Serializ
(SQTP

Microchip offers a unique programming service where
a few user-defined locations in each device are pro­grammed with different serial numbers. The serial num­bers may be random, pseudo-random, or sequential.

Serial programming allows each device to have a
unique number which can serve as an entry-code,
password, or ID number.

ed Quick-Turn Programming

SM

Devices

)

Note: Please note that erasing the device will

also erase the pre-programmed internal
calibration value for the internal oscillator.
The calibration value must be saved prior
to erasing the part.

2.2 One-Time-Pr

ogrammable (OTP)

Devices

The availability of OTP devices is especially useful for
customers who need the flexibility for frequent code
updates and small volume applications.

The OTP devices, packaged in plastic packages, per­mit the user to program them once. In addition to the
program memory, the configuration bits must also be
programmed.

1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS40181B-page 5

PIC12CE67X

NOTES:



DS40181B-page 6

Preliminary

1998 Microchip Technology Inc.



PIC12CE67X

3.0 ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW

The high performance of the PIC12CE67X family can
be attributed to a number of architectural features com­monly found in RISC microprocessors. To begin with,
the PIC12CE67X uses a Harvard architecture, in which
program and data are accessed from separate memo­ries using separate buses. This improves bandwidth
over traditional v on Neumann architecture in which pro­gram and data are fetched from the same memory
using the same bus. Separating program and data
buses also allow instructions to be sized differently than
the 8-bit wide data word. Instruction opcodes are 14­bits wide making it possible to have all single word
instructions. A 14-bit wide program memory access
bus fetches a 14-bit instruction in a single cycle. A two­stage pipeline overlaps fetch and execution of instruc­tions (Example 3-1). Consequently, all instructions (35)
execute in a single cycle (400 ns @ 10 MHz) e xcept f or
program branches.

The table below lists program memory (EPROM), data
memory (RAM), and non-volatile memory (EEPROM)
for each PIC12CE67X device.

Device

PIC12CE673 1K x 14 128 x 8 16x8
PIC12CE674 2K x 14 128 x 8 16x8

Program
Memory

RAM
Data

Memory

EEPROM

Data

Memory

The PIC12CE67X can directly or indirectly address its
register files or data memory. All special function regis­ters, including the program counter, are mapped in the
data memory. The PIC12CE67X has an orthogonal
(symmetrical) instruction set that makes it possible to
carry out any operation on any register using any
addressing mode. This symmetrical nature and lack of
‘special optimal situations’ make programming with the
PIC12CE67X simple yet efficient. In addition, the learn­ing curve is reduced significantly.

PIC12CE67X devices contain an 8-bit ALU and work­ing register. The ALU is a general purpose arithmetic
unit. It performs arithmetic and Boolean functions
between the data in the working register and any regis­ter file.

The ALU is 8-bits wide and capable of addition, sub­traction, shift and logical operations. Unless otherwise
mentioned, arithmetic operations are two's comple­ment in nature. In two-operand instructions, typically
one operand is the working register (W register). The
other operand is a file register or an immediate con­stant. In single operand instructions, the operand is
either the W register or a file register.

The W register is an 8-bit working register used f or ALU
operations. It is not an addressable register.

Depending on the instruction executed, the ALU may
affect the values of the Carry (C), Digit Carry (DC), and
Zero (Z) bits in the STATUS register. The C and DC bits
operate as a borro
respectively, in subtraction. See the SUBLW and SUBWF
instructions for examples.

w bit and a digit borrow out bit,

1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS40181B-page 7

PIC12CE67X

FIGURE 3-1: PIC12CE67X BLOCK DIAGRAM



PIC12CE673
PIC12CE674

OSC1/CLKIN

OSC2/CLKOUT

Device

Program

Bus

Program Memory Data Memory (RAM)

1K x 14
2K x 14

EPROM
Program
Memory

14

Instruction reg

Instruction

Decode &

Control

Timing

Generation

13

8

128 x 8
128 x 8

Program Counter

8 Level Stack

(13 bit)

Direct Addr

Power-up

Timer

Oscillator

Start-up Timer

Watchdog

Timer

Power-on

Reset

7

Non-Volatile Memory (EEPROM)

16 x 8
16 x 8

Data Bus

RAM

128 bytes

File

Registers

3

8

(1)

9

Addr MUX

8

FSR reg

STATUS reg

MUX

ALU

W reg

Indirect

RAM Addr

Addr

8

GPIO

SCL

16x8

EEPROM

Data

Memory

GP0/AN0
GP1/AN1/VREF
GP2/T0CKI/AN2/INT
GP3/MCLR/Vpp
GP4/OSC2/AN3/CLKOUT
GP5/OSC1/CLKIN

SDA

Internal

4 MHz Clock

Note 1: Higher order bits are from the STATUS register.

MCLR

VDD, VSS

Timer0

A/D

DS40181B-page 8

Preliminary

1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

TABLE 3-1: PIC12CE67X PINOUT DESCRIPTION



PIC12CE67X

Name

GP0/AN0 7 I/O TTL/ST Bi-directional I/O port/serial programming data/analog input

GP1/AN1/V

GP2/T0CKI/AN2/INT 5 I/O ST Bi-directional I/O port/analog input 2. Can be configured as

GP3/MCLR

GP4/OSC2/AN3/
CLKOUT

GP5/OSC1/CLKIN 2 I/O TTL/ST Bidirectional IO port/oscillator crystal input/external clock

V

DD

V

SS

Legend: I = input, O = output, I/O = input/output, P = power, — = not used, TTL = TTL input,
ST = Schmitt Trigger input

REF

/V

PP

DIP Pin #I/O/P

Type

6 I/O TTL/ST Bi-directional I/O port/serial programming clock/analog

4 I TTL/ST Input port/master clear (reset) input/programming voltage

3 I/O TTL Bi-directional I/O port/oscillator crystal output/analog input

1 P — Positive supply for logic and I/O pins
8 P — Ground reference for logic and I/O pins

Buffer

T ype

Description

0. Can be software programmed for internal weak pull-up
and interrupt on pin change. This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger
input when used in serial programming mode.

input 1/voltage reference. Can be software programmed for
internal weak pull-up and interrupt on pin change. This
buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in serial pro­gramming mode.

T0CKI or external interrupt.

input. When configured as MCLR
reset to the device. Voltage on MCLR
V

during normal device operation. Can be software pro-

DD

grammed for internal weak pull-up and interrupt on pin
change. Weak pull-up always on if configured as MCLR
This buffer is Schmitt Trigger when in MCLR

3. Connections to crystal or resonator in crystal oscillator
mode (HS, XT and LP modes only, GPIO in other modes).
In EXTRC and INTRC modes, the pin output can be config­ured to CLKOUT which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and
denotes the instruction cycle rate.

source input (GPIO in INTRC mode only, OSC1 in all other
oscillator modes). Schmitt trigger in EXTRC mode only.

, this pin is an active low

/V

PP

must not exceed

.

mode.

1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS40181B-page 9

PIC12CE67X



3.1 Cloc

king Scheme/Instruction Cycle

The clock input (from OSC1) is internally divided by
four to generate four non-overlapping quadrature
clocks namely Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Internally, the pro­gram counter (PC) is incremented every Q1, the
instruction is fetched from the program memory and
latched into the instruction register in Q4. The instruc­tion is decoded and executed during the following Q1
through Q4. The clocks and instruction execution flow
is shown in Figure 3-2.

FIGURE 3-2: CLOCK/INSTRUCTION CYCLE

Q2 Q3 Q4

Q1

OSC1

Q1
Q2
Q3

Q4

PC

OSC2/CLKOUT

(EXTRC and

INTRC modes)

PC PC+1 PC+2

Fetch INST (PC)

Execute INST (PC-1) Fetch INST (PC+1)

3.2 Instruction Flo

An “Instruction Cycle” consists of four Q cycles (Q1,
Q2, Q3 and Q4). The instr uction fetch and execute
are pipelined such that fetch takes one instruction
cycle while decode and execute takes another
instruction cycle. Ho wev er, due to the pipelining, each
instruction effectively executes in one cycle. If an
instruction causes the program counter to change
(e.g. GOTO ) then two cycles are required to complete
the instruction (Example 3-1).

A fetch cycle begins with the program counter (PC)
incrementing in Q1.

In the execution cycle, the fetched instruction is
latched into the “Instruction Register" (IR) in cycle
Q1. This instruction is then decoded and executed
during the Q2, Q3, and Q4 cycles. Data memory is
read during Q2 (operand read) and written during Q4
(destination write).

Q2 Q3 Q4

Q1

Execute INST (PC) Fetch INST (PC+2)

Q1

Execute INST (PC+1)

w/Pipelining

Q2 Q3 Q4

Internal
phase
clock

EXAMPLE 3-1: INSTRUCTION PIPELINE FLOW

Tcy0 Tcy1 Tcy2 Tcy3 Tcy4 Tcy5

1. MOVLW 55h

2. MOVWF GPIO

3. CALL SUB_1

4. BSF GPIO, BIT3 (Forced NOP)

5. Instruction @ address SUB_1

All instructions are single cycle, except for any prog r am branches . These take two cycles since the fetch instruc­tion is “flushed” from the pipeline while the new instruction is being fetched and then executed.

DS40181B-page 10

Fetch 1 Execute 1

Fetch 2 Execute 2

Fetch 3 Execute 3

Preliminary

Fetch 4 Flush

Fetch SUB_1 Execute SUB_1

1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X



4.0 MEMORY ORGANIZATION

4.1 Pr

The PIC12CE67X has a 13-bit program counter capa­ble of addressing an 8K x 14 program memory space.

For the PIC12CE673 the first 1K x 14 (0000h-03FFh) is
implemented.

For the PIC12CE674, the first 2K x 14 (0000h-07FFh)
is implemented. Accessing a location above the physi­cally implemented address will cause a wraparound.
The reset vector is at 0000h and the interrupt vector is
at 0004h.

FIGURE 4-1: PIC12CE67X PROGRAM

ogram Memory Organization

MEMORY MAP AND STACK

PC<12:0>

CALL, RETURN
RETFIE, RETLW

Stack Level 1

Stack Level 8

13

4.2 Data Memor

The data memory is partitioned into two Banks which
contain the General Purpose Registers and the Special
Function Registers. Bit RP0 is the bank select bit.

RP0 (STATUS<5>) = 1 → Bank 1
RP0 (STATUS<5>) = 0 → Bank 0
Each Bank extends up to 7Fh (128 bytes). The lower

locations of each Bank are reserved for the Special
Function Registers. Above the Special Function Regis­ters are General Purpose Registers implemented as
static RAM. Both Bank 0 and Bank 1 contain special
function registers. Some "high use" special function
registers from Bank 0 are mirrored in Bank 1 for code
reduction and quicker access.

Also note that F0h through FFh on the PIC12CE67X is
mapped into Bank 0 registers 70h-7Fh as common
RAM.

4.2.1 GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER FILE
The register file can be accessed either directly , or indi-

rectly through the File Select Register FSR
(Section 4.5).

y Organization

Reset Vector

Peripheral

(PIC12CE674 only)

Interrupt Vector

On-chip Program

Memory

0000h

0004h
0005h

03FFh
0400h

07FFh
0800h

1FFFh

1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS40181B-page 11

PIC12CE67X

FIGURE 4-2: PIC12CE67X REGISTER FILE

MAP

File

Address

00h
01h
02h
03h
04h
05h
06h
07h
08h

09h
0Ah
0Bh
0Ch
0Dh
0Eh

0Fh

10h

11h

12h

13h

14h

15h

16h

17h

18h

19h
1Ah
1Bh
1Ch
1Dh
1Eh

1Fh

20h

70h

7Fh

(1)

INDF

TMR0

PCL

STATUS

FSR

GPIO

PCLATH
INTCON

PIR1

ADRES

ADCON0

General
Purpose
Register

Bank 0 Bank 1

INDF

OPTION

PCL

STATUS

FSR

TRIS

PCLATH

INTCON

PIE1

PCON

OSCCAL

ADCON1

General
Purpose
Register

Mapped

in Bank 0

(1)

File

Address

80h
81h
82h
83h
84h
85h
86h
87h
88h
89h
8Ah
8Bh
8Ch
8Dh
8Eh
8Fh
90h
91h
92h
93h
94h
95h
96h
97h
98h
99h
9Ah
9Bh
9Ch
9Dh
9Eh
9Fh

A0h

BFh
C0h

EFh
F0h

FFh

4.2.2 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
The Special Function Registers are registers used by

the CPU and Peripheral Modules for controlling the
desired operation of the device. These registers are
implemented as static RAM.

The special function registers can be classified into two
sets (core and peripheral). Those registers associated
with the “core” functions are described in this section,
and those related to the operation of the peripheral
features are described in the section of that peripheral
feature.

Unimplemented data memory locations, read

as '0'.

Note 1: Not a physical register.

DS40181B-page 12

Preliminary

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

TABLE 4-1: PIC12CE67X SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Value on

Power-on

Reset

Bank 0

(1)

00h
01h TMR0 Timer0 module’s register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
02h
03h
04h
05h GPIO SCL SDA GP5 GP4 GP3 GP2 GP1 GP0 11xx xxxx 11uu uuuu
06h — Unimplemented — —
07h — Unimplemented — —
08h — Unimplemented — —
09h — Unimplemented — —
0Ah
0Bh
0Ch PIR1 — ADIF — — — — — — -0-- ---- -0-- ----
0Dh — Unimplemented — —
0Eh — Unimplemented — —
0Fh — Unimplemented — —
10h — Unimplemented — —
11h — Unimplemented — —
12h — Unimplemented — —
13h — Unimplemented — —
14h — Unimplemented — —
15h — Unimplemented — —
16h — Unimplemented — —
17h — Unimplemented — —
18h — Unimplemented — —
19h — Unimplemented — —
1Ah — Unimplemented — —
1Bh — Unimplemented — —
1Ch — Unimplemented — —
1Dh — Unimplemented — —
1Eh ADRES A/D Result Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
1Fh ADCON0 ADCS1 ADCS0 r CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE r ADON 0000 0000 0000 0000

INDF Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) 0000 0000 0000 0000

(1)

PCL Program Counter's (PC) Least Significant Byte 0000 0000 0000 0000

(1)

STATUS IRP

(1)

FSR Indirect data memory address pointer xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

(1,2)

PCLATH — — — Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter ---0 0000 ---0 0000

(1)

INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE GPIE T0IF INTF GPIF 0000 000x 0000 000u

(4)

RP1

(4)

RP0 TO PD Z DC C 0001 1xxx 000q quuu

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = value depends on condition, - = unimplemented read as '0', r = reserved.

Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.

Note 1: These registers can be addressed from either bank.

2: The upper byte of the program counter is not directly accessible. PCLATH is a holding register for the PC<12:8> whose

contents are transferred to the upper byte of the program counter.
3: Other (non power-up) resets include external reset through MCLR and Watchdog Timer Reset.
4: The IRP and RP1 bits are reserved on the PIC12CE67X, always maintain these bits clear.

Value on

all other

Resets

(3)

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 13

PIC12CE67X

TABLE 4-1: PIC12CE67X SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONT.)

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Bank 1

(1)

80h
81h OPTION GPPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 1111 1111
82h
83h
84h
85h TRIS — — GPIO Data Direction Register 0011 1111 0011 1111
86h — Unimplemented — —
87h — Unimplemented — —
88h — Unimplemented — —
89h — Unimplemented — —
8Ah
8Bh
8Ch PIE1 — ADIE — — — — — — -0-- ---- -0-- ----
8Dh — Unimplemented — —
8Eh PCON — — — — — — POR — ---- --0- ---- --u-
8Fh OSCCAL CAL5 CAL4 CAL3 CAL2 CAL1 CAL0 — — 1000 00-- uuuu uu--
90h — Unimplemented — —
91h — Unimplemented — —
92h — Unimplemented — —
93h — Unimplemented — —
94h — Unimplemented — —
95h — Unimplemented — —
96h — Unimplemented — —
97h — Unimplemented — —
98h — Unimplemented — —
99h — Unimplemented — —
9Ah — Unimplemented — —
9Bh — Unimplemented — —
9Ch — Unimplemented — —
9Dh — Unimplemented — —
9Eh — Unimplemented — —
9Fh ADCON1 — — — — — PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 ---- -000 ---- -000

INDF Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) 0000 0000 0000 0000

(1)

PCL Program Counter's (PC) Least Significant Byte 0000 0000 0000 0000

(1)

STATUS IRP

(1)

FSR Indirect data memory address pointer xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

(1,2)

PCLATH — — — Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the PC ---0 0000 ---0 0000

(1)

INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE GPIE T0IF INTF GPIF 0000 000x 0000 000u

(4)

RP1

(4)

RP0 TO PD Z DC C 0001 1xxx 000q quuu

Value on

Power-on

Reset

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = value depends on condition, - = unimplemented read as '0', r = reserved.

Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.

Note 1: These registers can be addressed from either bank.

2: The upper byte of the program counter is not directly accessible. PCLATH is a holding register for the PC<12:8> whose

contents are transferred to the upper byte of the program counter.
3: Other (non power-up) resets include external reset through MCLR and Watchdog Timer Reset.
4: The IRP and RP1 bits are reserved on the PIC12CE67X, always maintain these bits clear.

Value on

all other

Resets

(3)

DS40181B-page 14 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

4.2.2.1 STATUS REGISTER
The STATUS register, shown in Figure 4-3, contains

the arithmetic status of the ALU, the RESET status and
the bank select bits for data memory.

The STATUS register can be the destination for any
instruction, as with any other register. If the STATUS
register is the destination for an instruction that affects
the Z, DC or C bits, then the write to these three bits is
disabled. These bits are set or cleared according to the
device logic. Furthermore, the T
writable. Therefore, the result of an instruction with the
STATUS register as destination may be different than
intended.

For example, CLRF STATUS will clear the upper-three
bits and set the Z bit. This leaves the ST ATUS register
as 000u u1uu (where u = unchanged).

O and PD bits are not

It is recommended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF,
SWAPF and MOVWF instructions are used to alter the
STATUS register because these instructions do not
affect the Z, C or DC bits from the STA TUS register . For
other instructions, not affecting any status bits, see the
"Instruction Set Summary."

Note 1: Bits IRP and RP1 (STATUS<7:6>) are not

used by the PIC12CE67X and should be
maintained clear. Use of these bits as
general purpose R/W bits is NOT recom­mended, since this may affect upward
compatibility with future products.

Note 2: The C and DC bits operate as a borro

and digit borrow bit, respectively, in sub­traction. See the SUBLW and SUBWF
instructions for examples.

FIGURE 4-3: STATUS REGISTER (ADDRESS 03h, 83h)

Reserved Reserved R/W-0 R-1 R-1 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x

IRP RP1 RP0 TO PD Z DC C R = Readable bit

bit7 bit0

bit 7: IRP: Register Bank Select bit (used for indirect addressing)

1 = Bank 2, 3 (100h - 1FFh)
0 = Bank 0, 1 (00h - FFh)
The IRP bit is reserved, always maintain this bit clear.

bit 6-5: RP1:RP0: Register Bank Select bits (used for direct addressing)

11 = Bank 3 (180h - 1FFh)
10 = Bank 2 (100h - 17Fh)
01 = Bank 1 (80h - FFh)
00 = Bank 0 (00h - 7Fh)

Each bank is 128 bytes. The RP1 bit is reserved, always maintain this bit clear.

bit 4: T

bit 3: PD

bit 2: Z: Zero bit

bit 1: DC: Digit carry/borro

bit 0: C: Carry/borro

O: Time-out bit
1 = After power-up, CLRWDT instruction, or SLEEP instruction
0 = A WDT time-out occurred

: Power-down bit
1 = After power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction
0 = By execution of the SLEEP instruction

1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero
0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero

w bit (ADDWF, ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructions)(for borrow the polarity is reversed)
1 = A carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred
0 = No carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result

w bit (ADDWF, ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructions)
1 = A carry-out from the most significant bit of the result occurred
0 = No carry-out from the most significant bit of the result occurred
Note: For borro
second operand. For rotate (RRF , RLF) instructions, this bit is loaded with either the high or low order bit of
the source register.

w the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the two’s complement of the

W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit,
read as ‘0’

- n = Value at POR reset

w

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 15

PIC12CE67X

4.2.2.2 OPTION REGISTER
The OPTION register is a readable and writable regis-

ter which contains various control bits to configure the
TMR0/WDT prescaler, the External INT Interrupt,

Note: To achieve a 1:1 prescaler assignment for

the TMR0 register, assign the prescaler to
the Watchdog Timer by setting bit PSA
(OPTION<3>).

TMR0, and the weak pull-ups on GPIO.

FIGURE 4-4: OPTION REGISTER (ADDRESS 81h)

R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1
GPPU

bit7 bit0

bit 7: GPPU: Weak pullup enable

bit 6: INTEDG: Interrupt edge

bit 5: T0CS: TMR0 Clock Source Select bit

bit 4: T0SE: TMR0 Source Edge Select bit

bit 3: PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit

bit 2-0: PS2:PS0: Prescaler Rate Select bits

INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 R = Readable bit

1 = Weak pullups disabled
0 = Weak pullups enabled (GP0, GP1, GP3)

1 = Interrupt on rising edge of GP2/T0CKI/AN2/INT pin
0 = Interrupt on falling edge of GP2/T0CKI/AN2/INT pin

1 = Transition on GP2/T0CKI/AN2/INT pin
0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKOUT)

1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on GP2/T0CKI/AN2/INT pin
0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on GP2/T0CKI/AN2/INT pin

1 = Prescaler is assigned to the WDT
0 = Prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module

Bit Value TMR0 Rate WDT Rate

000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111

1 : 2
1 : 4
1 : 8
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128
1 : 256

1 : 1
1 : 2
1 : 4
1 : 8
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128

W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit,

read as ‘0’

- n = Value at POR reset

DS40181B-page 16 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

4.2.2.3 INTCON REGISTER
The INTCON Register is a readable and writable regis-

ter which contains various enable and flag bits for the
TMR0 register overflow, GPIO Port change and Exter­nal GP2/INT Pin interrupts.

Note: Interrupt flag bits get set when an interrupt

condition occurs regardless of the state of
its corresponding enable bit or the global
enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>).

FIGURE 4-5: INTCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 0Bh, 8Bh)

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-x

GIE PEIE T0IE INTE GPIE T0IF INTF GPIF R = Readable bit

bit7 bit0

bit 7: GIE: Global Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables all un-masked interrupts
0 = Disables all interrupts

bit 6: PEIE: Peripheral Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables all un-masked peripheral interrupts
0 = Disables all peripheral interrupts

bit 5: T0IE: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the TMR0 interrupt
0 = Disables the TMR0 interrupt

bit 4: INTE: INT External Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the external interrupt on GP2/INT/T0CKI/AN2 pin
0 = Disables the external interrupt on GP2/INT/T0CKI/AN2 pin

bit 3: GPIE: GPIO Interrupt on Change Enable bit

1 = Enables the GPIO Interrupt on Change
0 = Disables the GPIO Interrupt on Change

bit 2: T0IF: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit

1 = TMR0 register has overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0 = TMR0 register did not overflow

bit 1: INTF: INT External Interrupt Flag bit

1 = The external interrupt on GP2/INT/T0CKI/AN2 pin occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = The external interrupt on GP2/INT/T0CKI/AN2 pin did not occur

bit 0: GPIF: GPIO Interrupt on Change Flag bit

1 = GP0, GP1, or GP3 pins changed state (must be cleared in software)
0 = Neither GP0, GP1, nor GP3 pins have changed state

W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit,

- n = Value at POR reset

read as ‘0’

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 17

PIC12CE67X

4.2.2.4 PIE1 REGISTER
This register contains the individual enable bits for the

Peripheral interrupts.

Note: Bit PEIE (INTCON<6>) must be set to

enable any peripheral interrupt.

FIGURE 4-6: PIE1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Ch)

U-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0

— ADIE — — — — — — R = Readable bit

bit7 bit0

bit 7: Unimplemented: Read as '0'
bit 6: ADIE: A/D Converter Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the A/D interrupt
0 = Disables the A/D interrupt

bit 5-0: Unimplemented: Read as '0'

W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit,

- n = Value at POR reset

read as ‘0’

DS40181B-page 18 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

4.2.2.5 PIR1 REGISTER
This register contains the individual flag bits for the

Peripheral interrupts.

Note: Interrupt flag bits get set when an interrupt

condition occurs regardless of the state of
its corresponding enable bit or the global
enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). User soft­ware should ensure the appropriate inter­rupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an
interrupt.

FIGURE 4-7: PIR1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 0Ch)

U-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0

— ADIF — — — — — — R = Readable bit

bit7 bit0

bit 7: Unimplemented: Read as '0'
bit 6: ADIF: A/D Converter Interrupt Flag bit

1 = An A/D conversion completed
0 = The A/D conversion is not complete

bit 5-0: Unimplemented: Read as '0'

W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit,

- n = Value at POR reset

read as ‘0’

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 19

PIC12CE67X

4.2.2.6 PCON REGISTER
The Power Control (PCON) register contains a flag bit

to allow differentiation between a Power-on Reset
(POR), an external MCLR

FIGURE 4-8: PCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Eh)

U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 U-0

— — — — — — POR — R = Readable bit

bit7 bit0

bit 7-2: Unimplemented: Read as '0'
bit 1: POR

bit 0: Unimplemented: Read as '0'

: Power-on Reset Status bit
1 = No Power-on Reset occurred
0 = A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs)

Reset, and WDT Reset.

W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit,

- n = Value at POR reset

read as ‘0’

DS40181B-page 20 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

4.2.2.7 OSCCAL REGISTER
The Oscillator Calibration (OSCCAL) register is used to

calibrate the internal 4 MHz oscillator. It contains six
bits for calibration. Increasing the cal value increases
the frequency.

FIGURE 4-9: OSCCAL REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Fh)

R/W-1 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0

CAL5 CAL4 CAL3 CAL2 CAL1 CAL0 — — R = Readable bit

bit7 bit0

bit 7-2: CAL<5:0>: Calibration
bit 1-0: Unimplemented, read as 0

W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit,

read as ‘0’

- n = Value at POR reset

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 21

PIC12CE67X

4.3 PCL and PCLATH

The program counter (PC) is 13-bits wide. The lo w byte
comes from the PCL register, which is a readable and
writable register. The high byte (PC<12:8>) is not
directly readable or writable and comes from PCLATH.
On any reset, the PC is cleared. Figure 4-10 shows the
two situations for the loading of the PC. The upper
example in the figure shows how the PC is loaded on a
write to PCL (PCLA TH<4:0> → PCH). The lower exam­ple in the figure shows how the PC is loaded during a
CALL or GOTO instruction (PCLATH<4:3> → PCH).

FIGURE 4-10: LOADING OF PC IN

DIFFERENT SITUATIONS

PCH PCL

12 8 7 0

PC

PCLA TH<4:0>

5

PCLA TH

PCH PCL

12 11 10 0

PC

2

8 7

PCLATH<4:3>

PCLATH

4.3.1 COMPUTED GOTO

11

8

Instr

uction with
PCL as
Destination

ALU result

GOTO, CALL

Opcode <10:0>

4.3.2 STACK
The PIC12C67X family has an 8 level deep x 13-bit

wide hardware stack. The stack space is not part of
either program or data space and the stack pointer is
not readable or writable. The PC is PUSHed onto the
stack when a CALL instruction is executed or an inter­rupt causes a branch. The stack is POPed in the event
of a RETURN, RETLW or a RETFIE instruction execution.
PCLATH is not affected by a PUSH or POP operation.

The stack operates as a circular buff er . This means that
after the stack has been PUSHed eight times, the ninth
push overwrites the value that was stored from the first
push. The tenth push overwrites the second push (and
so on).

Note 1: There are no status bits to indicate stack

overflow or stack underflow conditions.

Note 2: There are no instructions/mnemonics

called PUSH or POP. These are actions
that occur from the execution of the CALL,
RETURN, RETLW, and RETFIE instruc­tions, or the vectoring to an interrupt
address.

4.4 Program Memory Paging

The PIC12CE67X ignores both paging bits
PCLATH<4:3>, which are used to access program
memory when more than one page is available. The
use of PCLATH<4:3> as general purpose read/write
bits for the PIC12CE67X is not recommended since
this may affect upward compatibility with future prod­ucts.

A computed GOTO is accomplished by adding an off­set to the program counter (ADDWF PCL). When doing a
table read using a computed GOTO method, care
should be exercised if the tab le location crosses a PCL
memory boundary (each 256 byte block). Refer to the
application note

“Implementing a Table Read"

(AN556).

DS40181B-page 22 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

4.5 Indirect Addressing, INDF and FSR
Registers

The INDF register is not a physical register . Addressing
the INDF register will cause indirect addressing.

Indirect addressing is possible by using the INDF reg­ister. Any instruction using the INDF register actually
accesses the register pointed to by the File Select Reg­ister, FSR. Reading the INDF register itself indirectly
(FSR = '0') will read 00h. Writing to the INDF register
indirectly results in a no-operation (although status bits
may be affected). An effective 9-bit address is obtained
by concatenating the 8-bit FSR register and the IRP bit
(STATUS<7>), as shown in Figure 4-11. However, IRP
is not used in the PIC12CE67X.

A simple program to clear RAM locations 20h-2Fh
using indirect addressing is shown in Example 4-1.

FIGURE 4-11: DIRECT/INDIRECT ADDRESSING

(1)

RP1 RP0 6

from opcode

0

EXAMPLE 4-1: INDIRECT ADDRESSING

movlw 0x20 ;initialize pointer
movwf FSR ;to RAM
NEXT clrf INDF ;clear INDF register
incf FSR,F ;inc pointer
btfss FSR,4 ;all done?
goto NEXT ;no clear next
CONTINUE
: ;yes continue

Indirect AddressingDirect Addressing

(1)

IRP

7

FSR register

0

bank select location select

00 01 10 11

00h

not used

Data
Memory

7Fh

Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 3

For register file map detail see Figure 4-2.
Note 1: The RP1 and IRP bits are reserved, always maintain these bits clear.

bank select

180h

1FFh

location select

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 23

PIC12CE67X

NOTES:

DS40181B-page 24 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

5.0 I/O PORT

As with any other register, the I/O register can be
written and read under program control. However,
read instructions (e.g., MOVF GPIO,W) always read the
I/O pins independent of the pin’s input/output modes.
On RESET, all I/O por ts are defined as input (inputs
are at hi-impedance) since the I/O control registers are
all set.

5.1 GPIO

GPIO is an 8-bit I/O register. Only the low order 6 bits
are used (GP5:GP0). Bits 6 and 7 (SDA and SCL) are
used by the EEPROM peripheral. Refer to Section 6.0
and Appendix A for use of SDA and SCL. Please note
that GP3 is an input only pin. The configuration word
can set several I/O’s to alternate functions. When
acting as alternate functions the pins will read as ‘0’
during port read. Pins GP0, GP1, and GP3 can be
configured with weak pull-ups and also with interrupt
on change. The interrupt on change and weak pull-up
functions are not pin selectable. If pin 4 is configured
as MCLR
change for this pin is not set and GP3 will read as '0'.
Interrupt on change is enabled by setting INTCON<3>.
Note that external oscillator use overrides the GPIO
functions on GP4 and GP5.

, the weak pull-up is always on. Interrupt on

rewritten. To use a port pin as output, the
corresponding direction control bit in TRIS must be
cleared (= 0). For use as an input, the corresponding
TRIS bit must be set. Any I/O pin (except GP3) can be
programmed individually as input or output.

Port pins GP6 and GP7 are used for the serial
EEPROM interface. These port pins are not available
externally on the package. Users should avoid writing
to pins GP6 and GP7 when not communicating with
the serial EEPROM memory. Please see section 6.0,
EEPROM Peripheral Operation, for information on
serial EEPROM communication.

Note: On a Power-on Reset, GP0, GP1, GP2,

GP4 are configured as analog inputs and
read as '0'.

FIGURE 5-1: EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

FOR A SINGLE I/O PIN

Data
Bus

WR
Port

CK

Data
Latch

QD

VDD

Q

P

5.2 TRIS Register

This register controls the data direction for GPIO. A '1'
from a TRIS register bit puts the corresponding output
driver in a hi-impedance mode. A '0' puts the contents
of the output data latch on the selected pins, enabling
the output buffer. The exceptions are GP3 which is
input only and its TRIS bit will always read as '1'.

Note: A read of the ports reads the pins, not the

output data latches. That is, if an output
driver on a pin is enabled and driven high,
but the external system is holding it low, a
read of the port will indicate that the pin is
low.

Upon reset, the TRIS register is all '1's, making all pins
inputs.

TRIS for pins GP4 and GP5 is forced to a 1 where
appropriate. Writes to TRIS <5:4> will have an effect
in EXTRC and INTRC oscillator modes only. When
GP4 is configured as CLKOUT, changes to TRIS<4>
will have no effect.

5.3 I/O Interfacing

The equivalent circuit for an I/O port pin is shown in
Figure 5-2. All port pins, except GP3 which is input
only, may be used for both input and output
operations. For input operations these por ts are non­latching. Any input must be present until read by an
input instruction (e.g., MOVF GPIO,W). The outputs are
latched and remain unchanged until the output latch is

W
Reg

TRIS ‘f’

Note 1: I/O pins have protection diodes to VDD and VSS.

CK

GP3 is input only with no data latch and no
output drivers.

QD
TRIS
Latch

Q

Reset

RD Port

N

VSS

I/O
pin

(1)

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 25

PIC12CE67X

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF PORT REGISTERS

Value on

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

85h TRIS — — GPIO Data Direction Register --11 1111 --11 1111
81h OPTION GPPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 1111 1111
03h STATUS
05h GPIO SCL SDA GP5 GP4 GP3 GP2 GP1 GP0 11xx xxxx 11uu uuuu

Legend: Shaded cells not used by Port Registers, read as ‘0’, — = unimplemented, read as '0', x = unknown, u = unchanged,

q = see tables in Section 9.4 for possible values.

Note 1: The IRP and RP1 bits are reserved on the PIC12CE67X, always maintain these bits clear.

IRP

(1)

5.4 I/O Programming Considerations

RP1

(1)

RP0 TO PD Z DC C 0001 1xxx 000q quuu

Example 5-1 shows the effect of two sequential read-

Power-on

Reset

Value on

all other

Resets

modify-write instructions on an I/O port.

5.4.1 BI-DIRECTIONAL I/O PORTS
Any instruction which writes, operates internally as a

read followed by a write operation. The BCF and BSF
instructions, for example, read the register into the
CPU, ex ecute the bit operation and write the result back
to the register. Caution must be used when these
instructions are applied to a port with both inputs and
outputs defined. For example, a BSF operation on bit5
of GPIO will cause all eight bits of GPIO to be read into
the CPU. Then the BSF operation takes place on bit5
and GPIO is written to the output latches. If another bit
of GPIO is used as a bi-directional I/O pin (e.g., bit0)
and it is defined as an input at this time, the input signal
present on the pin itself would be read into the CPU
and rewritten to the data latch of this particular pin,
overwriting the previous content. As long as the pin
stays in the input mode, no problem occurs. However,
if bit0 is switched to an output, the content of the data
latch may now be unknown.

Reading the port register, reads the values of the port
pins. Writing to the port register writes the value to the
port latch. When using read-modify-write instructions

EXAMPLE 5-1: READ-MODIFY-WRITE

INSTRUCTIONS ON AN
I/O PORT

;Initial GPIO Settings
; GPIO<5:3> Inputs
; GPIO<2:0> Outputs
;
; GPIO latch GPIO pins
; ---------- ---------­ BCF GPIO, 5 ;--01 -ppp --11 pppp
BCF GPIO, 4 ;--10 -ppp --11 pppp
MOVLW 007h ;
TRIS GPIO ;--10 -ppp --11 pppp
;
;Note that the user may have expected the pin
;values to be --00 pppp. The 2nd BCF caused
;GP5 to be latched as the pin value (High).

A pin actively outputting a Low or High should not be
driven from external devices at the same time in order
to change the level on this pin (“wired-or”, “wired-and”).
The resulting high output currents may damage the
chip.

(ex. BCF, BSF , etc.) on a port, the value of the port pins
is read, the desired operation is done to this value, and
this value is then written to the port latch.

FIGURE 5-2: SUCCESSIVE I/O OPERATION

Q3

PC + 3

NOP

NOP

Q4

This example shows a write to GPIO follow ed
by a read from GPIO.

Data setup time = (0.25 TCY – TPD)
where: TCY = instruction cycle.

TPD = propagation delay

Therefore, at higher clock frequencies, a
write followed by a read may be problematic.

NOP

Q3

Q4

Q1 Q2

Q4

Q1 Q2

Instruction

fetched

GP5:GP0

Instruction

executed

DS40181B-page 26 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

MOVWF GPIO

Q3

PC PC + 1 PC + 2

Q1 Q2

MOVF GPIO,W

Port pin
written here

MOVWF GPIO

(Write to

GPIO)

Q3

Q4

Q1 Q2

MOVF GPIO,W

Port pin
sampled here

(Read

GPIO)

PIC12CE67X

6.0 EEPROM PERIPHERAL
OPERATION

The PIC12CE673 and PIC12CE674 each have 16
bytes of EEPROM data memory. The EEPROM mem­ory has an endurance of 1,000,000 erase/write cycles
and a data retention of greater than 40 years. The
EEPROM data memory supports a bi-directional 2-wire
bus and data transmission protocol. These two-wires
are serial data (SDA) and serial clock (SCL), that are
mapped to bit6 and bit7, respectively, of the GPIO reg­ister (SFR 06h). Unlike the GP0-GP5 that are con­nected to the I/O pins, SDA and SCL are only
connected to the internal EEPROM peripheral. For
most applications, all that is required is calls to the fol­lowing functions:

; Byte_Write: Byte write routine
; Inputs: EEPROM Address EEADDR
; EEPROM Data EEDATA
; Outputs: Return 01 in W if OK, else
return 00 in W
;
; Read_Current: Read EEPROM at address
currently held by EE device.
; Inputs: NONE
; Outputs: EEPROM Data EEDATA
; Return 01 in W if OK, else
return 00 in W
;
; Read_Random: Read EEPROM byte at supplied
address
; Inputs: EEPROM Address EEADDR
; Outputs: EEPROM Data EEDATA
; Return 01 in W if OK,

else return 00 in W

The code for these functions is available on our web
site (www.microchip.com). The code will be accessed
by either including the source code FL67XINC.ASM or
by linking FLASH67X.ASM. FLASH62.IMC provides
external definition to the calling program.

• Data transfer may be initiated only when the bus
is not busy.

During data transfer, the data line must remain stable
whenever the clock line is HIGH. Changes in the data
line while the clock line is HIGH will be interpreted as a
START or STOP condition.

Accordingly, the following bus conditions have been
defined (Figure 6-1).

6.1.1 BUS NOT BUSY (A)

Both data and clock lines remain HIGH.

6.1.2 START DATA TRANSFER (B)

A HIGH to LOW transition of the SDA line while the
clock (SCL) is HIGH determines a START condition. All
commands must be preceded by a START condition.

6.1.3 STOP DATA TRANSFER (C)

A LOW to HIGH transition of the SDA line while the
clock (SCL) is HIGH determines a STOP condition. All
operations must be ended with a STOP condition.

6.1.4 DATA VALID (D)

The state of the data line represents valid data when,
after a START condition, the data line is stable for the
duration of the HIGH period of the clock signal.

The data on the line must be changed during the LOW
period of the clock signal. There is one bit of data per
clock pulse.

Each data transfer is initiated with a START condition
and terminated with a STOP condition. The number of
the data bytes transferred between the START and
STOP conditions is determined by the processor
device and is theoretically unlimited.

6.1.5 ACKNOWLEDGE

6.0.1 SERIAL DATA
SDA is a bi-directional pin used to transfer addresses

and data into and data out of the device.
For normal data transfer SD A is allowed to change only

during SCL low. Changes during SCL high are
reserved for indicating the START and STOP condi­tions.

6.0.2 SERIAL CLOCK
This SCL input is used to synchronize the data tr ansf er

from and to the EEPROM.

6.1 BUS CHARACTERISTICS

The following bus protocol is to be used with the
EEPROM data memory. In this section, the term “pro­cessor” is used to denote the portion of the
PIC12CE67X that interfaces to the EEPROM via soft­ware.

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 27

The EEPROM, when addressed, will generate an
acknowledge after the reception of each byte. The pro­cessor must generate an extra clock pulse which is
associated with this acknowledge bit.

Note: Acknowledge bits are not generated if an

internal programming cycle is in progress.

The device that acknowledges has to pull down the
SDA line during the acknowledge cloc k pulse in such a
way that the SDA line is stable LOW during the HIGH
period of the acknowledge related clock pulse. Of
course, setup and hold times must be taken into
account. The processor must signal an end of data to
the EEPROM by not generating an acknowledge bit on
the last byte that has been clocked out of the EEPR OM.
In this case, the EEPROM must leave the data line
HIGH to enable the processor to generate the STOP
condition (Figure 6-2).

PIC12CE67X

FIGURE 6-1: DATA TRANSFER SEQUENCE ON THE SERIAL BUS

SCL

SDA

(A)

START

CONDITION

(C)

ADDRESS OR

ACKNOWLEDGE

VALID

(B)

FIGURE 6-2: ACKNOWLEDGE TIMING

SCL

SDA

Transmitter must release the SDA line at this point
allowing the Receiver to pull the SDA line low to
acknowledge the previous eight bits of data.

Data from transmitter

DATA

ALLOWED

TO CHANGE

Acknowledge

(D)

Bit

987654321 1 2 3

Data from transmitter

Receiver must release the SDA line at this point
so the Transmitter can continue sending data.

STOP

CONDITION

(A)(C)

6.2 Device Addressing

After generating a START condition, the processor

FIGURE 6-3: CONTROL BYTE FORMAT

Read/Wr

ite Bit

transmits a control byte consisting of a EEPROM
address and a Read/Wr

ite bit that indicates what type

of operation is to be performed. The EEPROM address

Device Select

Bits

Don’t Care

Bits

consists of a 4-bit device code (1010) follo wed b y three
don't care bits.

1 0 1 0 X X XS ACKR/W

The last bit of the control byte determines the operation
to be performed. When set to a one a read operation is
selected, and when set to a zero a write operation is
selected. (Figure 6-3). The bus is monitored for its cor-

Start Bit

EEPROM Address

Acknowledge Bit

responding EEPROM address all the time . It generates
an acknowledge bit if the EEPROM address was true
and it is not in a programming mode.

DS40181B-page 28 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

6.3 WRITE OPERATIONS

6.3.1 BYTE WRITE
Following the start signal from the processor, the

device code (4 bits), the don't care bits (3 bits), and the
R/W

bit (which is a logic low) are placed onto the bus
by the processor. This indicates to the addressed
EEPROM that a byte with a word address will follow
after it has generated an acknowledge bit during the
ninth clock cycle. Therefore, the next byte transmitted
by the processor is the word address and will be written
into the address pointer. Only the lower four address
bits are used by the device, and the upper four bits are
don’t cares. The address byte is acknowledgeable and
the processor will then transmit the data word to be
written into the addressed memory location. The mem­ory acknowledges again and the processor generates
a stop condition. This initiates the inter nal write cycle,
and during this time will not generate acknowledge sig­nals (Figure 6-5). After a byte write command, the inter­nal address counter will not be incremented and will
point to the same address location that was just written.
If a stop bit is transmitted to the device at any point in
the write command sequence before the entire
sequence is complete, then the command will abort
and no data will be written. If more than 8 data bits are
transmitted before the stop bit is sent, then the device
will clear the previously loaded byte and begin loading
the data buffer again. If more than one data byte is
transmitted to the device and a stop bit is sent bef ore a
full eight data bits have been transmitted, then the write
command will abort and no data will be written. The
EEPROM memory employs a V
circuit which disables the internal erase/write logic if the
V

CC is below minimum VDD. Byte write operations

must be preceded and immediately followed by a bus
not busy bus cycle where both SDA and SCL are held
high.

CC threshold detector

6.4 ACKNOWLEDGE POLLING

Since the EEPROM will not acknowledge during a write
cycle, this can be used to determine when the cycle is
complete (this feature can be used to maximize bus
throughput). Once the stop condition for a write com­mand has been issued from the processor, the device
initiates the internally timed write cycle. ACK polling
can be initiated immediately. This involves the proces­sor sending a start condition followed by the control
byte for a write command (R/W

= 0). If the de vice is still
busy with the write cycle, then no ACK will be returned.
If no ACK is returned, then the start bit and control byte
must be re-sent. If the cycle is complete, then the
device will return the ACK and the processor can then
proceed with the next read or write command. See
Figure 6-4 for flow diagram.

FIGURE 6-4: ACKNOWLEDGE POLLING

FLOW

Send

Write Command

Send Stop

Condition to

Initiate Write Cycle

Send Start

Send Control Byte

with R/W = 0

Did EEPROM
Acknowledge

NO

(ACK = 0)?

YES

Next

Operation

FIGURE 6-5: BYTE WRITE

S

BUS ACTIVITY
PROCESSOR

SDA LINE

BUS ACTIVITY

X = Don’t Care Bit

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 29

T
A
R
T

S

1 0 X1 0 XX X

CONTROL

BYTE

WORD

ADDRESS

0

X X X

A
C
K

A
C
K

DATA

S
T
O
P

P

A
C
K

PIC12CE67X

6.5 READ OPERATIONS

Read operations are initiated in the same way as write
operations with the exception that the R/W
EEPROM address is set to one. There are three basic
types of read operations: current address read, random
read, and sequential read.

6.5.1 CURRENT ADDRESS READ
It contains an address counter that maintains the

address of the last word accessed, internally incre­mented by one. Therefore, if the previous read access
was to address n, the next current address read opera­tion would access data from address n + 1. Upon
receipt of the EEPROM address with the R/W
one, the EEPROM issues an acknowledge and trans­mits the eight bit data word. The processor will not
acknowledge the transfer but does generate a stop
condition and the EEPROM discontinues transmission
(Figure 6-6).

6.5.2 RANDOM READ
Random read operations allow the processor to access

any memory location in a random manner. To perform
this type of read operation, first the word address must
be set. This is done by sending the word address to the

bit of the

bit set to

EEPROM as part of a write operation. After the word
address is sent, the processor generates a start condi­tion following the acknowledge. This terminates the
write operation, but not before the internal address
pointer is set. Then the processor issues the control
byte again but with the R/W

bit set to a one. It will then
issue an acknowledge and transmits the eight bit data
word. The processor will not acknowledge the transfer
but does generate a stop condition and the EEPROM
discontinues transmission (Figure 6-7). After this com­mand, the internal address counter will point to the
address location following the one that was just read.

6.5.3 SEQUENTIAL READ
Sequential reads are initiated in the same way as a ran-

dom read except that after the device transmits the first
data byte, the processor issues an acknowledge as
opposed to a stop condition in a random read. This
directs the EEPROM to transmit the next sequentially
addressed 8-bit word (Figure 6-8).

To provide sequential reads, it contains an internal
address pointer which is incremented by one at the
completion of each read operation. This address
pointer allows the entire memory contents to be serially
read during one operation.

FIGURE 6-6: CURRENT ADDRESS READ

BUS ACTIVITY
PROCESSOR

SDA LINE

BUS ACTIVITY

X = Don’t Care Bit

FIGURE 6-7: RANDOM READ

S

BUS ACTIVITY
PROCESSOR

SDA LINE

BUS ACTIVITY

X = Don’t Care Bit

T

CONTROL

A

BYTE

R
T

S 1 10 0 X X X 0

ADDRESS (n)

X X X X

A
C
K

FIGURE 6-8: SEQUENTIAL READ

BUS ACTIVITY
PROCESSOR

SDA LINE

BUS ACTIVITY

CONTROL

BYTE

DATA n DATA n + 1 DATA n + 2 DATA n + X

A
C
K

A
C
K

S
T

CONTROL

A

BYTE

R
T

S

1 10 0 X X X 1

WORD

A
C

DATA

K

S
T

CONTROL

A

BYTE

R
T

S 1 10 0 X X X 1

A
C
K

A
C
K

S
T
O
P

P

N
O

A
C
K

S
T
O
P

P

A
C

DATA (n)

K

N
O

A
C
K

S
T
O
P

P

A
C
K

N
O

A
C
K

DS40181B-page 30 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

7.0 TIMER0 MODULE

The Timer0 module timer/counter has the following f ea­tures:

• 8-bit timer/counter

• Readable and writable

• 8-bit software programmable prescaler

• Internal or external clock select

• Interrupt on overflow from FFh to 00h

• Edge select for external clock
Figure 7-1 is a simplified block diagram of the Timer0

module.
Timer mode is selected by clearing bit T0CS

(OPTION<5>). In timer mode, the Timer0 module will
increment every instruction cycle (without prescaler). If
the TMR0 register is written, the increment is inhibited
for the following two instruction cycles (Figure 7-2 and
Figure 7-3). The user can work around this by writing
an adjusted value to the TMR0 register.

Counter mode is selected by setting bit T0CS
(OPTION<5>). In counter mode, Timer0 will increment
either on every rising or falling edge of pin RA4/T0CKI.
The incrementing edge is determined by the Timer0
Source Edge Select bit T0SE (OPTION<4>). Clear ing

bit T0SE selects the r ising edge. Restrictions on the
external clock input are discussed in detail in
Section 7.2.

The prescaler is mutually exclusively shared between
the Timer0 module and the Watchdog Timer. The pres­caler assignment is controlled in software by control bit
PSA (OPTION<3>). Clearing bit PSA will assign the
prescaler to the Timer0 module. The prescaler is not
readable or writable. When the prescaler is assigned to
the Timer0 module, prescale values of 1:2, 1:4, ...,
1:256 are selectable. Section 7.3 details the operation
of the prescaler.

7.1 Timer0 Interrupt

The TMR0 interrupt is generated when the TMR0 reg­ister overflows from FFh to 00h. This overflow sets bit
T0IF (INTCON<2>). The interr upt can be masked by
clearing bit T0IE (INTCON<5>). Bit T0IF must be
cleared in software by the Timer0 module interrupt ser­vice routine before re-enabling this interrupt. The TMR0
interrupt cannot awaken the processor from SLEEP
since the timer is shut off during SLEEP. See Figure 7­4 for Timer0 interrupt timing.

FIGURE 7-1: TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM

FOSC/4

GP2/T0CKI/
AN2/INT

T0SE

Note 1: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2:PS0 (OPTION<5:0>).

2: The prescaler is shared with Watchdog Timer (refer to Figure 7-6 for detailed block diagram).

0

1

T0CS

Programmable

Prescaler

3

PS2, PS1, PS0

1

0

PSA

PSout

Sync with

Internal

clocks

CY delay)

(2 T

FIGURE 7-2: TIMER0 TIMING: INTERNAL CLOCK/NO PRESCALE

PC
(Program
Counter)

Instruction
Fetch

TMR0

Instruction
Executed

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

PC-1

T0

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

PC PC+1 PC+2 PC+3 PC+4 PC+5 PC+6

MOVWF TMR0

T0+1 T0+2 NT0 NT0 NT0 NT0+1 NT0+2

MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W

Write TMR0
executed

Read TMR0
reads NT0

Read TMR0
reads NT0

Read TMR0
reads NT0

PSout

Data bus

TMR0

Read TMR0
reads NT0 + 1

8

Set interrupt

flag bit T0IF

on overflow

Read TMR0
reads NT0 + 2

T0

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 31

PIC12CE67X

FIGURE 7-3: TIMER0 TIMING: INTERNAL CLOCK/PRESCALE 1:2

PC
(Program
Counter)

Instruction

Fetch

TMR0

Instruction
Execute

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

PC-1

T0 NT0+1

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

PC PC+1 PC+2 PC+3 PC+4 PC+5 PC+6

MOVWF TMR0

MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W

T0+1

Write TMR0
executed

Read TMR0
reads NT0

FIGURE 7-4: TIMER0 INTERRUPT TIMING

Q2Q1 Q3 Q4Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4

OSC1

CLKOUT(3)

Timer0

T0IF bit
(INTCON<2>)

GIE bit
(INTCON<7>)

UCTION

INSTR

LOW

F

FEh

1

FFh 00h 01h 02h

1

NT0

Read TMR0
reads NT0

Read TMR0
reads NT0

Read TMR0
reads NT0

Read TMR0
reads NT0 + 1

Instruction
fetched

Instruction
executed

PC

PC

Inst (PC)

Inst (PC-1)

PC +1 PC +1 0004h 0005h

Inst (PC+1)

Inst (PC)

Note 1: Interrupt flag bit T0IF is sampled here (every Q1).

2: Interrupt latency = 3Tcy where Tcy = instruction cycle time.
3: CLKOUT is available only in RC oscillator mode.

Inst (0004h) Inst (0005h)

Inst (0004h)Dummy cycle Dummy cycle

DS40181B-page 32 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

7.2 Using Timer0 with an External Clock

When an external clock input is used for Timer0, it must
meet certain requirements. The requirements ensure
the external clock can be synchronized with the internal
phase clock (T
incrementing of Timer0 after synchronization.

7.2.1 EXTERNAL CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION

OSC). Also, there is a delay in the actual

caler so that the prescaler output is symmetrical. For
the external clock to meet the sampling requirement,
the ripple-counter must be taken into account. There­fore, it is necessary for T0CKI to have a period of at
least 4Tosc (and a small RC delay of 40 ns) divided by
the prescaler value. The only requirement on T0CKI
high and low time is that they do not violate the mini­mum pulse width requirement of 10 ns. Refer to par am­eters 40, 41 and 42 in the electrical specification of the

When no prescaler is used, the external clock input is

desired device.
the same as the prescaler output. The synchronization
of T0CKI with the internal phase clocks is accom­plished by sampling the prescaler output on the Q2 and
Q4 cycles of the internal phase clocks (Figure 7-5).
Therefore, it is necessary for T0CKI to be high for at
least 2Tosc (and a small RC delay of 20 ns) and low for
at least 2Tosc (and a small RC delay of 20 ns). Refer to

7.2.2 TMR0 INCREMENT DELAY

Since the prescaler output is synchronized with the

internal clocks, there is a small delay from the time the

external clock edge occurs to the time the Timer0 mod-

ule is actually incremented. Figure 7-5 shows the delay

from the external clock edge to the timer incrementing.
the electrical specification of the desired device.

When a prescaler is used, the external clock input is
divided by the asynchronous ripple-counter type pres-

FIGURE 7-5: TIMER0 TIMING WITH EXTERNAL CLOCK

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

External Clock Input or
Prescaler output

External Clock/Prescaler
Output after sampling

Increment Timer0 (Q4)

(2)

(1)

(3)

Small pulse
misses sampling

Timer0

Note 1: Delay from clock input change to Timer0 increment is 3Tosc to 7Tosc. (Duration of Q = Tosc).

Therefore, the error in measuring the interval between two edges on Timer0 input = ±4Tosc max.
2: External clock if no prescaler selected, Prescaler output otherwise.
3: The arrows indicate the points in time where sampling occurs.

T0 T0 + 1 T0 + 2

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 33

PIC12CE67X

7.3 Prescaler

An 8-bit counter is available as a prescaler for the
Timer0 module, or as a postscaler for the Watchdog
Timer, respectively (Figure 7-6). For simplicity, this
counter is being referred to as “prescaler” throughout
this data sheet. Note that there is only one prescaler
available which is m utually e xclusiv ely shared betw een
the Timer0 module and the Watchdog Timer. Thus, a

The PSA and PS2:PS0 bits (OPTION<3:0>) determine
the prescaler assignment and prescale ratio.

When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions
writing to the TMR0 register (e.g. CLRF 1, MOVWF 1,

BSF 1,x....etc.) will clear the prescaler. When assigned

to WDT, a CLRWDT instruction will clear the prescaler
along with the Watchdog Timer. The prescaler is not
readable or writable.

prescaler assignment for the Timer0 module means
that there is no prescaler for the Watchdog Timer, and
vice-versa.

FIGURE 7-6: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE TIMER0/WDT PRESCALER

CLKOUT (=Fosc/4)

GP2/T0CKI/

AN2/INT

T0SE

0

1

T0CS

M
U

X

1

M

U

0

X

PSA

SYNC

2

Cycles

Data Bus

8

TMR0 reg

Set flag bit T0IF

on Overflow

0

M

U

1

Watchdog

Timer

WDT Enable bit

Note: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2:PS0 are (OPTION<5:0>).

X

PSA

8-bit Prescaler

8 - to - 1MUX

0

8

M U X

WDT

Time-out

PS2:PS0

1

PSA

DS40181B-page 34 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

7.3.1 SWITCHING PRESCALER ASSIGNMENT

To change prescaler from the WDT to the Timer0 mod­ule use the sequence shown in Example 7-2.

The prescaler assignment is fully under software con­trol, i.e., it can be changed “on the fly” during program
execution.

Note: To avoid an unintended device RESET, the

following instruction sequence (shown in
Example 7-1) must be executed when
changing the prescaler assignment from
Timer0 to the WDT. This sequence must
be followed even if the WDT is disabled.

EXAMPLE 7-2: CHANGING PRESCALER

(WDT→TIMER0)

CLRWDT ;Clear WDT and
;prescaler
BSF STATUS, RP0 ;Bank 1
MOVLW b'xxxx0xxx' ;Select TMR0, new
;prescale value and
MOVWF OPTION_REG ;clock source
BCF STATUS, RP0 ;Bank 0

EXAMPLE 7-1: CHANGING PRESCALER

(TIMER0→WDT)

BCF STATUS, RP0 ;Bank 0
CLRF TMR0 ;Clear TMR0 & Prescaler
BSF STATUS, RP0 ;Bank 1
CLRWDT ;Clears WDT
MOVLW b'xxxx1xxx' ;Select new prescale
MOVWF OPTION_REG ;value & WDT
BCF STATUS, RP0 ;Bank 0

TABLE 7-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

01h TMR0 Timer0 module’s register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
0Bh/8Bh INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE GPIE T0IF INTF GPIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
81h OPTION GPPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 1111 1111
85h TRIS — — TRIS5 TRIS4 TRIS3 TRIS2 TRIS1 TRIS0 --11 1111 --11 1111

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented locations read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by Timer0.

Value on

POR

Value on
all other

Resets

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 35

PIC12CE67X

NOTES:

DS40181B-page 36 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

8.0 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL
CONVERTER (A/D) MODULE

The analog-to-digital (A/D) converter module has four
analog inputs.

The A/D allows conversion of an analog input signal to
a corresponding 8-bit digital number (refer to Applica­tion Note AN546 for use of A/D Converter). The output
of the sample and hold is the input into the converter,
which generates the result via successive approxima­tion. The analog reference voltage is software select­able to either the device’ s positiv e supply v oltage (V
or the voltage lev el on the GP1/AN1/V
converter has a unique feature of being able to operate
while the device is in SLEEP mode.

The A/D module has three registers. These registers
are:

• A/D Result Register (ADRES)

• A/D Control Register 0 (ADCON0)

• A/D Control Register 1 (ADCON1)

REF pin. The A/D

DD)

The ADCON0 register, shown in Figure 8-1, controls
the operation of the A/D module. The ADCON1 regis­ter, shown in Figure 8-2, configures the functions of the
port pins. The port pins can be configured as analog
inputs (GP1 can also be a voltage reference) or as dig­ital I/O.

Note: If the port pins are configured as analog

inputs (reset condition), reading the port
(MOVF GP,W) results in reading '0's.

Note: Changing ADCON1 register can cause the

GPIF and INTF flags to be set in the
INTCON register. These interrupts should
be disabled prior to modifying ADCON1.

FIGURE 8-1: ADCON0 REGISTER (ADDRESS 1Fh)

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

ADCS1 ADCS0

bit7 bit0

bit 7-6: ADCS1:ADCS0: A/D Conversion Clock Select bits

00 = F
01 = F
10 = F
11 = F

bit 5: Reserved
bit 4-3: CHS1:CHS0: Analog Channel Select bits

00 = channel 0, (GP0/AN0)
01 = channel 1, (GP1/AN1)
10 = channel 2, (GP2/AN2)
11 = channel 3, (GP4/AN3)

bit 2: GO/DONE

If ADON = 1
1 = A/D conversion in progress (setting this bit starts the A/D conversion)
0 = A/D conversion not in progress (This bit is automatically cleared by hardware when the A/D conver-

sion is complete)
bit 1: Reserved
bit 0: ADON: A/D On bit

1 = A/D converter module is operating

0 = A/D converter module is shutoff and consumes no operating current

r CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE r ADON R =Readable bit

OSC/2
OSC/8
OSC/32
RC (clock derived from an RC oscillation)

: A/D Conversion Status bit

W =Writable bit
U =Unimplemented bit,

read as ‘0’

- n = Value at POR reset

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 37

PIC12CE67X

FIGURE 8-2: ADCON1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 9Fh)

U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

— — — — — PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 R =Readable bit

bit7 bit0

bit 7-2: Unimplemented: Read as '0'
bit 1-0: PCFG2:PCFG0: A/D Port Configuration Control bits

W =Writable bit
U =Unimplemented

- n =Value at POR reset

bit, read as ‘0’

PCFG2:PCFG0 GP4 GP2 GP1 GP0 V

(1)

000

001 A A VREF A GP1
010 D A A A V
011 D A VREF A GP1
100 D D A A V
101 D D VREF A GP1
110 D D D A V
111 D D D D VDD

A = Analog input
D = Digital I/O

Note 1: Value on reset.
Note 2: Any instruction that reads a pin configured as an analog input will read a '0'.

A A A A VDD

REF

DD

DD

DD

DS40181B-page 38 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

The ADRES register contains the result of the A/D con­version. When the A/D conversion is complete, the
result is loaded into the ADRES register, the GO/DONE
bit (ADCON0<2>) is cleared, and A/D interrupt flag bit
ADIF (PIE1<6>) is set. The block diagrams of the A/D
module are shown in Figure 8-3.

After the A/D module has been configured as desired,
the selected channel must be acquired before the con­version is started. The analog input channels must
have their corresponding TRIS bits selected as an
input. To determine sample time, see Section 8.1. After
this acquisition time has elapsed the A/D conversion
can be started. The following steps should be followed
for doing an A/D conversion:

1. Configure the A/D module:

• Configure analog pins / voltage reference /
and digital I/O (ADCON1)

• Select A/D input channel (ADCON0)

• Select A/D conversion clock (ADCON0)

• Turn on A/D module (ADCON0)

FIGURE 8-3: A/D BLOCK DIAGRAM

2. Configure A/D interrupt (if desired):

• Clear ADIF bit

• Set ADIE bit

• Set GIE bit

3. Wait the required acquisition time.

4. Start conversion:

• Set GO/DONE

bit (ADCON0)

5. Wait for A/D conversion to complete, by either:

• Polling for the GO/DONE

bit to be cleared

OR

• Waiting for the A/D interrupt

6. Read A/D Result register (ADRES), clear bit
ADIF if required.

7. For next conversion, go to step 1 or step 2 as
required. The A/D conversion time per bit is
defined as T

AD. A minimum wait of 2TAD is

required before next acquisition starts.

CHS1:CHS0

A/D

Converter

VREF

(Reference

voltage)

VIN

(Input voltage)

PCFG2:PCFG0

V

DD

000 or
010 or
100 or
110 or

001 or
011 or
101

11

10

01

00

GP4/AN3

GP2/AN2

GP1/AN1/V

GP0/AN0

REF

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 39

PIC12CE67X

8.1 A/D Sampling Requirements

For the A/D converter to meet its specified accuracy,
the charge holding capacitor (C

HOLD) must be allowed

to fully charge to the input channel voltage level. The
analog input model is shown in Figure 8-4. The source
impedance (R

S) and the internal sampling switch (RSS)

impedance directly affect the time required to charge
the capacitor C
impedance varies over the device voltage (V

HOLD. The sampling switch (RSS)

DD), see

Figure 8-4. The maximum recommended imped-
ance for analog sources is 10 kΩ. After the analog
input channel is selected (changed) this acquisition
must be done before the conversion can be started.

To calculate the minimum acquisition time, Equation 8­1 may be used. This equation assumes that 1/2 LSb
error is used (512 steps for the A/D). The 1/2 LSb error
is the maximum error allowed for the A/D to meet its
specified resolution.

EQUATION 8-1: A/D MINIMUM CHARGING

TIME

VHOLD = (VREF - (VREF/512)) • (1 - e
or
Tc = -(51.2 pF)(1 kΩ + RSS + RS) ln(1/511)

Example 8-1 shows the calculation of the minimum
required acquisition time T
based on the following system assumptions.

Rs = 10 k

Ω

1/2 LSb error

DD = 5V → Rss = 7 kΩ

V
Temp (system max.) = 50°C

HOLD = 0 @ t = 0

V

(-Tc/CHOLD(RIC + RSS + RS))

ACQ. This calculation is

Note 1: The reference voltage (VREF) has no

effect on the equation, since it cancels
itself out.

Note 2: The charge holding capacitor (C

HOLD) is

not discharged after each conversion.

Note 3: The maximum recommended impedance

for analog sources is 10 kΩ. This is
required to meet the pin leakage specifi­cation.

Note 4: After a conversion has completed, a

2.0 T

AD delay must complete before

acquisition can begin again. During this
time the holding capacitor is not con­nected to the selected A/D input channel.

EXAMPLE 8-1: CALCULATING THE

MINIMUM REQUIRED
SAMPLE TIME

TACQ = Amplifier Settling Time +

)

T
T

T

Holding Capacitor Charging Time +
Temperature Coefficient

ACQ = 5 µs + Tc + [(Temp - 25°C)(0.05 µs/°C)]
C = -CHOLD (RIC + RSS + RS) ln(1/512)

-51.2 pF (1 kΩ + 7 kΩ + 10 kΩ) ln(0.0020)

-51.2 pF (18 kΩ) ln(0.0020)

-0.921 µs (-6.2146)

5.724 µs

ACQ = 5 µs + 5.724 µs + [(50°C - 25°C)(0.05 µs/°C)]

10.724 µs + 1.25 µs

11.974 µs

FIGURE 8-4: ANALOG INPUT MODEL

VDD

RAx

Rs

VT
I leakage

RIC
SS
C

HOLD

CPIN
5 pF

= input capacitance
= threshold voltage

= leakage current at the pin due to

various junctions

= interconnect resistance
= sampling switch
= sample/hold capacitance (from DAC)

VA

Legend CPIN

DS40181B-page 40 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

VT = 0.6V

V

T = 0.6V

IC ≤ 1k

R

I leakage
± 500 nA

Sampling
Switch

SS

6V
5V

V

DD

4V
3V
2V

SS

R

CHOLD
= DAC capacitance
= 51.2 pF

SS

V

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Sampling Switch

( kΩ )

PIC12CE67X

8.2 Selecting the A/D Conversion Clock

The A/D conversion time per bit is defined as TAD. The
A/D conversion requires 9.5 T
The source of the A/D conversion clock is software
selected. The four possible options for T

OSC

• 2T

• 8TOSC

• 32TOSC

• Internal ADC RC oscillator

AD per 8-bit conversion.

AD are:

8.3 Configuring Analog Port Pins

The ADCON1 and TRIS registers control the operation
of the A/D port pins. The port pins that are desired as
analog inputs must have their corresponding TRIS bits
set (input). If the TRIS bit is cleared (output), the digital
output level (V

The A/D operation is independent of the state of the
CHS2:CHS0 bits and the TRIS bits.

Note 1: When reading the port register, all pins

For correct A/D conversions, the A/D conversion clock
(T

AD) must be selected to ensure a minimum TAD time

of 1.6 µs.
Table 8-1 shows the resultant T

AD times derived from

the device operating frequencies and the A/D clock
source selected.

Note 2: Analog levels on any pin that is defined as

TABLE 8-1: TAD vs. DEVICE OPERATING FREQUENCIES

AD Clock Source (TAD)

OH or VOL) will be converted.

configured as analog input channel will
read as cleared (a low level). Pins config­ured as digital inputs, will convert an ana­log input. Analog levels on a digitally
configured input will not affect the conver­sion accuracy.

a digital input (including the AN3:AN0
pins), may cause the input buffer to con­sume current that is out of the devices
specification.

Device Frequency

Operation ADCS1:ADCS0 4 MHz 1.25 MHz 333.33 kHz

OSC 00

2T
8T

OSC 01 2.0 µs 6.4 µs

32TOSC 10 8.0 µs
Internal ADC RC Oscillator

(5)

11

2 - 6 µs

500 ns

(2)

(1,4)

1.6 µs 6 µs

(3)

25.6 µs

(1,4)

2 - 6 µs

2 - 6 µs

24 µs
96 µs

(3)
(3)

(1)

Note 1: The RC source has a typical TAD time of 4 µs.

2: These values violate the minimum required T

AD time.

3: For faster conversion times, the selection of another clock source is recommended.
4: While in RC mode, with device frequency above 1 MHz, conversion accuracy is out of specification.
5: For extended voltage devices (LC), please refer to Electrical Specifications section.

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 41

PIC12CE67X

8.4 A/D Conversions

Example 8-2 show how to perform an A/D conversion.
The GP pins are configured as analog inputs. The ana­log reference (V
rupt is enabled, and the A/D conversion clock is F
The conversion is performed on the GP0 channel.

Note: The GO/DONE bit should NOT be set in

REF) is the device VDD. The A/D inter-

RC.

the same instruction that turns on the A/D.

Clearing the GO/DONE bit during a conversion will
abort the current conversion. The ADRES register will
NOT be updated with the partially completed A/D con­version sample. That is, the ADRES register will con­tinue to contain the value of the last completed
conversion (or the last value written to the ADRES reg­ister). After the A/D conversion is aborted, a 2T
is required before the next acquisition is started. After
this 2T

AD wait, an acquisition is automatically star ted

on the selected channel.

EXAMPLE 8-2: DOING AN A/D CONVERSION

BSF STATUS, RP0 ; Select Page 1
CLRF ADCON1 ; Configure A/D inputs
BSF PIE1, ADIE ; Enable A/D interrupts
BCF STATUS, RP0 ; Select Page 0
MOVLW 0xC1 ; RC Clock, A/D is on, Channel 0 is selected
MOVWF ADCON0 ;
BCF PIR1, ADIF ; Clear A/D interrupt flag bit
BSF INTCON, PEIE ; Enable peripheral interrupts
BSF INTCON, GIE ; Enable all interrupts
;
; Ensure that the required sampling time for the selected input channel has elapsed.
; Then the conversion may be started.
;
BSF ADCON0, GO ; Start A/D Conversion
: ; The ADIF bit will be set and the GO/DONE bit
: ; is cleared upon completion of the A/D Conversion.

AD wait

DS40181B-page 42 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

8.5 A/D Operation During Sleep

The A/D module can operate during SLEEP mode. This
requires that the A/D clock source be set to RC
(ADCS1:ADCS0 = 11). When the RC clock source is
selected, the A/D module waits one instruction cycle
before starting the conversion. This allows the SLEEP
instruction to be executed, which eliminates all digital
switching noise from the conversion. When the conver­sion is completed the GO/DONE

bit will be cleared, and
the result loaded into the ADRES register. If the A/D
interrupt is enabled, the device will wake-up from
SLEEP. If the A/D interrupt is not enabled, the A/D mod­ule will then be turned off, although the ADON bit will
remain set.

When the A/D clock source is another clock option (not
RC), a SLEEP instruction will cause the present conver­sion to be aborted and the A/D module to be turned off,
though the ADON bit will remain set.

Turning off the A/D places the A/D module in its lowest
current consumption state.

Note: For the A/D module to operate in SLEEP,

the A/D clock source must be set to RC
(ADCS1:ADCS0 = 11). To perform an A/D
conversion in SLEEP, the GO/DONE

bit
must be set, followed b y the SLEEP instruc­tion.

8.6 A/D Accuracy/Error

The overall accuracy of the A/D is less than ± 1 LSb for
V

DD = 5V ± 10% and the analog VREF = VDD. This o ver-

all accuracy includes offset error, full scale error, and
integral error. The A/D converter is guaranteed to be
monotonic. The resolution and accuracy may be less
when either the analog reference (V

5.0V or when the analog reference (V
V

DD.

The maximum pin leakage current is ± 5 µA.
In systems where the device frequency is low, use of

the A/D RC clock is preferred. At moderate to high fre­quencies, T
lator. T

AD should be derived from the device oscil-

AD must not violate the minimum and should be

≤ 8 µs for preferred operation. This is because T
when derived from T

OSC, is kept away from on-chip

phase clock transitions. This reduces , to a large e xtent,
the effects of digital switching noise . This is not possible
with the RC derived clock. The loss of accuracy due to
digital switching noise can be significant if many I/O
pins are active.

In systems where the device will enter SLEEP mode
after the start of the A/D conversion, the RC clock
source selection is required. In this mode, the digital
noise from the modules in SLEEP are stopped. This
method gives high accuracy.

DD) is less than
REF) is less than

AD,

8.7 Effects of a RESET

A device reset forces all registers to their reset state.
This forces the A/D module to be turned off, and any
conversion is aborted. The value that is in the ADRES
register is not modified for a Reset. The ADRES regis­ter will contain unknown data after a Power-on Reset.

8.8 Connection Considerations

If the input voltage exceeds the rail v alues (VSS or VDD)
by greater than 0.2V, then the accuracy of the conver­sion is out of specification.

Note: For the PIC12CE67X, care must be taken

when using the GP4 pin in A/D conver­sions due to its proximity to the OSC1 pin.

An external RC filter is sometimes added for anti-alias­ing of the input signal. The R component should be
selected to ensure that the total source impedance is
kept under the 10 kΩ recommended specification. Any
external components connected (via hi-impedance) to
an analog input pin (capacitor, zener diode , etc.) should
have very little leakage current at the pin.

8.9 Transfer Function

The ideal transfer function of the A/D conv erter is as fol­lows: the first transition occurs when the analog input
voltage (V

AIN) is 1 LSb (or Analog VREF / 256)

(Figure 8-5).

FIGURE 8-5: A/D TRANSFER FUNCTION

FFh
FEh

04h

Digital code output

03h
02h
01h
00h

1 LSb

2 LSb

3 LSb

0.5 LSb

4 LSb

Analog input voltage

255 LSb

256 LSb

(full scale)

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 43

PIC12CE67X

FIGURE 8-6: FLOWCHART OF A/D OPERATION

ADON = 0

ADON = 0?

No

Acquire

Selected Channel

GO = 0?

No

A/D Clock

= RC?

No

Device in
SLEEP?

No

Finish Conversion

GO = 0

ADIF = 1

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Start of A/D

Conversion Delayed

1 Instruction Cycle

Abort Conversion

GO = 0

ADIF = 0

SLEEP

Power-down A/D

SLEEP

Instruction?

No

Finish Conversion

GO = 0

ADIF = 1

Wait 2 T

AD

Yes

Finish Conversion

GO = 0

ADIF = 1

Wake-up

From Sleep?

No

Stay in Sleep

Power-down A/D

Yes

Wait 2 TAD

Wait 2 TAD

TABLE 8-2: SUMMARY OF A/D REGISTERS

Value on

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Power-on

Reset

0Bh/8Bh
0Ch
8Ch
1Eh
1Fh
9Fh
05h GPIO — — GP5 GP4 GP3 GP2 GP1 GP0
85h TRIS — — TRIS5 TRIS4 TRIS3 TRIS2 TRIS1 TRIS0

INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE GPIE T0IF INTF GPIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
PIR1 — ADIF — — — — — — -0-- ---- -0-- ----
PIE1 — ADIE — — — — — — -0-- ---- -0-- ----
ADRES A/D Result Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
ADCON0 ADCS1 ADCS0 r CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE r ADON 0000 0000 0000 0000
ADCON1 — — — — — PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 ---- -000 ---- -000

--xx xxxx --uu uuuu

--11 1111 --11 1111

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented read as '0', r = reserved. Shaded cells are not used for A/D con version.
Note 1: These registers can be addressed from either bank.

Value on

all other

Resets

(1)

DS40181B-page 44 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

9.0 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE
CPU

What sets a microcontroller apar t from other proces­sors are special circuits to deal with the needs of real­time applications. The PIC12CE67X family has a host
of such features intended to maximize system reliabil­ity, minimize cost through elimination of external com­ponents, provide power saving operating modes and
offer code protection. These are:

• Oscillator selection

• Reset

- Power-on Reset (POR)

- Power-up Timer (PWRT)

- Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)

• Interrupts

• Watchdog Timer (WDT)

• SLEEP

• Code protection

• ID locations

• In-circuit serial programming

The PIC12CE67X has a W atchdog Timer which can be
shut off only through configuration bits. It runs off its
own RC oscillator for added reliability. There are two
timers that offer necessary delays on power-up. One is
the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST), intended to keep

the chip in reset until the crystal oscillator is stable. The
other is the Pow er-up Timer (PWRT), which provides a
fixed delay of 72 ms (nominal) on power-up only,
designed to keep the part in reset while the power sup­ply stabilizes. With these two timers on-chip, most
applications need no external reset circuitry.

SLEEP mode is designed to offer a very low current
power-down mode. The user can wake-up from SLEEP
through external reset, Watchdog Timer Wake-up, or
through an interrupt. Several oscillator options are also
made available to allow the part to fit the application.
The EXTRC oscillator option saves system cost while
the LP crystal option saves power. A set of configura­tion bits are used to select various options.

9.1 Configuration Bits

The configuration bits can be programmed (read as '0')
or left unprogrammed (read as '1') to select various
device configurations. These bits are mapped in pro­gram memory location 2007h.

The user will note that address 2007h is beyond the
user program memory space. In fact, it belongs to the
special test/configuration memory space (2000h­3FFFh), which can be accessed only during
programming.

FIGURE 9-1: CONFIGURATION WORD

CP1 CP0 CP1 CP0 CP1 CP0 MCLRE CP1 CP0 PWRTE WDTE FOSC2 FOSC1 FOSC0

bit13 bit0

bit 13-8, CP1:CP0: Code Protection bit pairs
6-5: 11 = Code protection off

10 = Locations 400h through 7FEh code protected (do not use for PIC12CE673)
01 = Locations 200h through 7FEh code protected
00 = All memory is code protected

bit 7: MCLRE: Master Clear Reset Enable bit

1 = Master Clear Enabled
0 = Master Clear Disabled

bit 4: PWRTE: Power-up Timer Enable bit

1 = PWRT disabled
0 = PWRT enabled

bit 3: WDTE: Watchdog Timer Enable bit

1 = WDT enabled
0 = WDT disabled

bit 2-0: FOSC2:FOSC0: Oscillator Selection bits

111 = EXTRC, Clockout on OSC2
110 = EXTRC, OSC2 is I/O
101 = INTRC, Clockout on OSC2
100 = INTRC, OSC2 is I/O
011 = Invalid Selection
010 = HS Oscillator
001 = XT Oscillator
000 = LP Oscillator

(1)

Register: CONFIG
Address 2007h

Note 1: All of the CP1:CP0 pairs have to be given the same value to enable the code protection scheme listed.

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 45

PIC12CE67X

9.2 Oscillator Configurations

9.2.1 OSCILLATOR TYPES
The PIC12CE67X can be operated in seven different

oscillator modes. The user can program three
configuration bits (FOSC2:FOSC0) to select one of
these seven modes:

• LP: Low Power Crystal

• HS: High Speed Crystal Resonator

• XT: Crystal/Resonator

• INTRC*: Internal 4 MHz Oscillator

• EXTRC*: External Resistor/Capacitor
*Can be configured to support CLKOUT

9.2.2 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR / CERAMIC
RESONATORS

In XT, HS or LP modes, a cr ystal or ceramic resonator
is connected to the GP5/OSC1/CLKIN and GP4/OSC2
pins to establish oscillation (Figure 9-2). The
PIC12CE67X oscillator design requires the use of a
parallel cut crystal. Use of a series cut crystal may give
a frequency out of the crystal manufacturers
specifications. When in XT, HS or LP modes, the
device can have an external clock source drive the
GP5/OSC1/CLKIN pin (Figure 9-3).

FIGURE 9-2: CRYSTAL OPERATION

(OR CERAMIC RESONATOR)
(XT, HS OR LP OSC
CONFIGURATION)

(1)

C1

(1)

C2

Note 1: See Capacitor Selection tables for

recommended values of C1 and C2.

2: A series resistor (RS) may be required for

AT strip cut crystals.

3: RF varies with the crystal chosen

(approx. value = 10 MΩ).

XTAL

RS

(2)

OSC1

OSC2

RF

PIC12CE67X

(3)

SLEEP

To internal

logic

TABLE 9-1: CAPACITOR SELECTION

FOR CERAMIC RESONATORS

- PIC12CE67X

Osc

Type

HS 4.0 MHz

These values are for design guidance only. Since
each resonator has its own characteristics, the user
should consult the resonator manufacturer for
appropriate values of external components.

Resonator

Freq

XT 455 kHz

2.0 MHz

4.0 MHz

8.0 MHz

10.0 MHz

Cap. RangeC1Cap. Range

C2

22-100 pF

15-68 pF
15-68 pF

15-68 pF
10-68 pF
10-22 pF

22-100 pF

15-68 pF
15-68 pF

15-68 pF
10-68 pF
10-22 pF

TABLE 9-2: CAPACITOR SELECTION

FOR CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR

- PIC12CE67X

Osc

Type

XT 100 kHz

HS 4 MHz

Note 1: For V
These values are for design guidance only. Rs may

be required in HS mode as well as XT mode to avoid
overdriving crystals with low drive level specification.
Since each crystal has its own characteristics, the
user should consult the crystal manufacturer for
appropriate values of external components.

Resonator

Freq

LP 32 kHz

100 kHz
200 kHz

200 kHz
455 kHz

1 MHz
2 MHz
4 MHz

8 MHz

10 MHz

DD > 4.5V, C1 = C2 ≈ 30 pF is

recommended.

(1)

Cap.Range

C1

15 pF
15-30 pF
15-30 pF

15-30 pF
15-30 pF
15-30 pF
15-30 pF
15-30 pF
15-47 pF

15-30 pF
15-30 pF
15-30 pF

Cap. Range

C2

15 pF
30-47 pF
15-82 pF

200-300 pF
100-200 pF

15-100 pF

15-30 pF
15-30 pF
15-47 pF

15-30 pF
15-30 pF
15-30 pF

FIGURE 9-3: EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT

OPERATION (XT, HS OR LP
OSC CONFIGURATION)

Clock from
ext. system

Open

DS40181B-page 46 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

OSC1

PIC12CE67X

OSC2

PIC12CE67X

9.2.3 EXTERNAL CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
CIRCUIT

Either a prepackaged oscillator or a simple oscillator
circuit with TTL gates can be used as an external
crystal oscillator circuit. Prepackaged oscillators
provide a wide operating range and better stability. A
well-designed crystal oscillator will provide good
performance with TTL gates. Two types of crystal
oscillator circuits can be used: one with parallel
resonance, or one with series resonance.

Figure 9-4 shows implementation of a parallel
resonant oscillator circuit. The circuit is designed to
use the fundamental frequency of the crystal. The
74AS04 inverter performs the 180-degree phase shift
that a parallel oscillator requires. The 4.7 kΩ resistor
provides the negative feedback for stability. The 10 kΩ
potentiometers bias the 74AS04 in the linear region.
This circuit could be used for external oscillator
designs.

FIGURE 9-4: EXTERNAL PARALLEL

RESONANT CRYSTAL
OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT

+5V

10k

4.7k

74AS04

10k

XTAL

10k

20 pF

20 pF

Figure 9-5 shows a series resonant oscillator circuit.
This circuit is also designed to use the fundamental
frequency of the crystal. The inverter performs a 180­degree phase shift in a series resonant oscillator
circuit. The 330 Ω resistors provide the negative
feedback to bias the inverters in their linear region.

74AS04

To Other
Devices

PIC12CE67X

CLKIN

FIGURE 9-5: EXTERNAL SERIES

RESONANT CRYSTAL
OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT

To Other

74AS04

Devices

PIC12CE67X

CLKIN

330

74AS04

330

74AS04

0.1 µF
XTAL

9.2.4 EXTERNAL RC OSCILLATOR
For timing insensitive applications, the RC device

option offers additional cost savings. The RC oscillator
frequency is a function of the supply voltage, the
resistor (Rext) and capacitor (Cext) values, and the
operating temperature. In addition to this, the oscillator
frequency will vary from unit to unit due to normal
process parameter variation. Furthermore, the
difference in lead frame capacitance between package
types will also affect the oscillation frequency,
especially for low Cext values. The user also needs to
take into account variation due to tolerance of external
R and C components used.

Figure 9-6 shows how the R/C combination is
connected to the PIC12CE67X. For Rext values below

2.2 kΩ, the oscillator operation may become unstable,
or stop completely. For very high Rext values
(e.g., 1 MΩ) the oscillator becomes sensitive to noise,
humidity and leakage. Thus, we recommend keeping
Rext between 3 kΩ and 100 kΩ.

Although the oscillator will operate with no external
capacitor (Cext = 0 pF), we recommend using values
above 20 pF for noise and stability reasons. With no or
small external capacitance, the oscillation frequency
can vary dramatically due to changes in external
capacitances, such as PCB trace capacitance or
package lead frame capacitance.

The Electrical Specifications sections show RC
frequency variation from part to part due to normal
process variation. The variation is larger for larger R
(since leakage current variation will affect RC
frequency more for large R) and for smaller C (since
variation of input capacitance will affect RC frequency
more).

Also, see the Electrical Specifications sections for
variation of oscillator frequency due to V

DD for given

Rext/Cext values as well as frequency variation due to
operating temperature for giv en R, C, and V

DD values.

FIGURE 9-6: EXTERNAL RC OSCILLATOR

MODE

VDD

Rext

Cext

SS

V

FOSC/4

OSC1

N

OSC2/CLKOUT

Internal
clock

PIC12CE67X

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 47

PIC12CE67X

9.2.5 INTERNAL 4 MHz RC OSCILLATOR
The internal RC oscillator provides a fixed 4 MHz (nom-

inal) system clock at V
cal Specifications" section for information on variation
over voltage and temperature.

In addition, a calibration instruction is programmed into
the last address of the program memory which contains
the calibration value for the internal RC oscillator. This
value is programmed as a RETLW XX instruction where
XX is the calibration value. In order to retr ieve the cali­bration value, issue a CALL YY instruction where YY is
the last location in program memory (03FFh for the
PIC12CE673, 07FFh for the PIC12CE674). Control will
be returned to the user’s program with the calibration
value loaded into the W register. The program should
then perform a MOVWF OSCCAL instruction to load
the value into the internal RC oscillator trim register.

OSCCAL, when written to with the calibration value, will
“trim” the internal oscillator to remove process variation
from the oscillator frequency. Only bits <7:2> of OSC­CAL are implemented, and bits <1:0> should be written
as 0 for compatibility with future devices . The oscillator
calibration location is not code protected.

Note: Please note that erasing the device will

also erase the pre-programmed internal
calibration value for the internal oscillator.
The calibration value must be saved prior
to erasing the part.

DD = 5V and 25°C, see "Electri-

9.3 Reset

The PIC12CE67X differentiates between various kinds
of reset:

• Power-on Reset (POR)

• MCLR

• MCLR

• WDT Reset (normal operation)
Some registers are not affected in any reset condition;

their status is unknown on POR and unchanged in any
other reset. Most other registers are reset to a “reset
state” on Power-on Reset (POR), M
Reset, and M
affected by a WDT Wake-up, which is viewed as the
resumption of normal operation. The T
are set or cleared differently in different reset situations
as indicated in Table 9-4. These bits are used in
software to determine the nature of the reset. See
Table 9-5 for a full description of reset states of all
registers.

A simplified block diagram of the on-chip reset circuit is
shown in Figure 9-7.

The PIC12CE67X has a MCLR
reset path. The filter will detect and ignore small pulses .

It should be noted that a WDT Reset
MCLR

reset during normal operation
reset during SLEEP

CLR Reset, WDT

CLR Reset during SLEEP. They are not

noise filter in the MCLR

pin low.

O and PD bits

does not drive

9.2.6 CLKOUT
The PIC12CE67X can be configured to provide a clock

out signal (CLKOUT) on pin 3 when the configuration
word address (2007h) is programmed with FOSC2,
FOSC1, FOSC0 equal to 101 for INTRC or 111 for
EXTRC. The oscillator frequency, divided by 4 can be
used for test purposes or to synchronize other logic.

DS40181B-page 48 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

FIGURE 9-7: SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT

Weak

Pull-up

GP3/MCLR/VPP Pin

MCLRE

INTERNAL MCLR

WDT

SLEEP

WDT Time-out

DD rise

Power-on Reset

OST

10-bit Ripple-counter

PWRT

10-bit Ripple-counter

DD

V

OSC1/
CLKIN

Pin

Module

V

OST/PWRT

(1)

On-chip

RC OSC

detect

S

Chip_Reset

R

Q

Enable PWRT

Enable OST

See Table 9-3 for time-out situations.

Note 1: This is a separate oscillator from the RC oscillator of the CLKIN pin.

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 49

PIC12CE67X

9.4 Power-on Reset (POR), Power-up
Timer (PWRT) and Oscillator Start-up
Timer (OST)

9.4.1 POWER-ON RESET (POR)

The on-chip POR circuit holds the chip in reset until
V

DD has reached a high enough level f or proper opera-

tion. To take advantage of the POR, just tie the MCLR
pin through a resistor to VDD. This will eliminate exter­nal RC components usually needed to create a Power­on Reset. A maximum rise time for V
See Electrical Specifications for details.

When the device starts normal operation (exits the
reset condition), device operating parameters (v oltage ,
frequency, temperature, ...) must be met to ensure
operation. If these conditions are not met, the device
must be held in reset until the operating conditions are
met.

For additional information, refer to Application Note
AN607, "

9.4.2 POWER-UP TIMER (PWRT)

The Power-up Timer provides a fixed 72 ms nominal
time-out on power-up only, from the POR. The Power­up Timer operates on an internal RC oscillator. The
chip is kept in reset as long as the PWRT is active . The
PWRT’ s time delay allows V
level. A configuration bit is provided to enable/disable
the PWRT.

The power-up time delay will vary from chip to chip due
to V
parameters for details.

Power-up Trouble Shooting

DD to rise to an acceptable

DD, temperature, and process variation. See DC

DD is specified.

."

9.4.3 OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER (OST)
The Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) provides 1024

oscillator cycle (from OSC1 input) delay after the
PWRT delay is o ver. This ensures that the crystal oscil­lator or resonator has started and stabilized.

The OST time-out is invoked only for XT, LP and HS
modes and only on Power-on Reset or wake-up from
SLEEP.

9.4.4 TIME-OUT SEQUENCE
On power-up the time-out sequence is as follows: First

PWRT time-out is inv oked after the POR time delay has
expired. Then OST is activated. The total time-out will
vary based on oscillator configuration and the status of
the PWRT. For example, in RC mode with the PWRT
disabled, there will be no time-out at all. Figure 9-8,
Figure 9-9, and Figure 9-10 depict time-out sequences
on power-up.

Since the time-outs occur from the POR pulse, if MCLR
is kept low long enough, the time-outs will expire . Then
bringing MCLR
(Figure 9-9). This is useful for testing purposes or to
synchronize more than one PIC12CE67X device oper­ating in parallel.

Table 9-5 shows the reset conditions for all the regis­ters.

9.4.5 POWER CONTROL (PCON)/STATUS

The power control/status register, PCON (address
8Eh) has one bit. See Figure 4-8 for register.

Bit1 is POR
on Reset and is unaffected otherwise. The user set this
bit following a Power-on Reset. On subsequent resets
if POR is ‘0’, it will indicate that a Power-on Reset must
have occurred.

high will begin execution immediately

REGISTER

(Pow er-on Reset). It is cleared on a P o wer-

TABLE 9-3: TIME-OUT IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS

Oscillator Configuration Power-up Wake-up from SLEEP

PWR

TE = 0 PWRTE = 1

XT, HS, LP 72 ms + 1024T

INTRC, EXTRC 72 ms — —

OSC 1024TOSC 1024TOSC

TABLE 9-4: STATUS/PCON BITS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE

POR

0 1 1 Power-on Reset
0 0 x Illegal, T
0 x 0 Illegal, PD is set on POR
1 0 u WDT Reset
1 0 0 WDT Wake-up
1 u u MCLR
1 1 0 MCLR

DS40181B-page 50 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

TO PD

O is set on POR

Reset during normal operation
Reset during SLEEP or interrupt wake-up from SLEEP

TABLE 9-5: RESET CONDITION FOR SPECIAL REGISTERS

PIC12CE67X

Condition

Power-on Reset 000h 0001 1xxx ---- --0-
MCLR Reset during normal operation 000h 000u uuuu ---- --u-

Reset during SLEEP 000h 0001 0uuu ---- --u-

MCLR
WDT Reset during normal operation 000h 0000 uuuu ---- --u-
WDT Wake-up from SLEEP PC + 1 uuu0 0uuu ---- --u-
Interrupt wake-up from SLEEP PC + 1
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit read as '0'.

Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector

(0004h).

Program

Counter

(1)

STATUS

Register

uuu1 0uuu ---- --u-

PCON

Register

TABLE 9-6: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS

Register Power-on Reset MCLR

W xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
INDF 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
TMR0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PCL 0000 0000 0000 0000 PC + 1
STATUS 0001 1xxx 000q quuu
FSR xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

Resets

WDT Reset

(3)

Wake-up via

WDT or Interrupt

(2)

uuuq quuu

(3)

GPIO 11xx xxxx 11uu uuuu 11uu uuuu
PCLATH ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu
INTCON 0000 000x 0000 000u uuuu uqqq
PIR1 -0-- ---- -0-- ---- -q-- ----
ADCON0 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uquu
OPTION 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRIS --11 1111 --11 1111 --uu uuuu
PIE1 -0-- ---- -0-- ---- -u-- ----
PCON ---- --0- ---- --u- ---- --u-
OSCCAL 1000 00-- uuuu uu-- uuuu uu--
ADCON1 ---- -000 ---- -000 ---- -uuu

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as '0', q = value depends on condition
Note 1: One or more bits in INTCON and PIR1 will be affected (to cause wake-up).

2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector

(0004h).
3: See Table 9-5 for reset value for specific condition.
4: If wake-up was due to A/D completing then bit 6 = 1, all other interrupts generating a wake-up will cause

bit 6 = u.
5: If wake-up was due to A/D completing then bit 3 = 0, all other interrupts generating a wake-up will cause

bit 3 = u.

(1)

(4)

(5)

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 51

PIC12CE67X

FIGURE 9-8: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 1

VDD

MCLR

INTERNAL POR

TPWRT

PWR

T TIME-OUT

OST TIME-OUT

INTERNAL RESET

FIGURE 9-9: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 2

VDD

TOST

MCLR

INTERNAL POR

TPWRT

T TIME-OUT

PWR

OST TIME-OUT

INTERNAL RESET

FIGURE 9-10: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR

VDD

MCLR

INTERNAL POR

TPWRT

T TIME-OUT

PWR

TOST

TOST

TIED TO VDD)

OST TIME-OUT

INTERNAL RESET

DS40181B-page 52 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

FIGURE 9-11: EXTERNAL POWER-ON

RESET CIRCUIT (FOR SLOW
VDD POWER-UP)

V

DD

D

R

R1

MCLR

C

Note 1: External Power-on Reset circuit is required

only if V

DD power-up slope is too slow . The

diode D helps discharge the capacitor
quickly when V

DD powers down.

2: R < 40 kΩ is recommended to make sure

that voltage drop across R does not violate
the device’s electrical specification.

3: R1 = 100Ω to 1 kΩ will limit any current

flowing into MCLR from external capacitor
C in the event of MCLR
down due to Electrostatic Discharge
(ESD) or Electrical Overstress (EOS).

PIC12CE67X

/VPP pin break-

FIGURE 9-12: EXTERNAL BROWN-OUT

PROTECTION CIRCUIT 1

VDD

33k

10k

4.3k

Note 1: This circuit will activate reset when VDD

goes below (Vz + 0.7V) where Vz = Zener
voltage.

2: Internal brown-out detection should be

disabled when using this circuit.

3: Resistors should be adjusted for the char-

acteristics of the transistor.

VDD

MCLR

PIC12CE67X

FIGURE 9-13: EXTERNAL BROWN-OUT

PROTECTION CIRCUIT 2

VDD

R1

V

DD

Q1

MCLR

R2

4.3k

PIC12CE67X

Note 1: This brown-out circuit is less expensive,

albeit less accurate. Transistor Q1 turns
off when V

DD is below a certain level

such that:

V

DD •

R1

R1 + R2

= 0.7V

2: Internal brown-out detection should be

disabled, if available, when using this
circuit.

3: Resistors should be adjusted for the

characteristics of the transistor.

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 53

PIC12CE67X

9.5 Interrupts

There are four sources of interrupt:

Interrupt Sources

TMR0 overflow interrupt
External interrupt GP2/INT pin
GPIO Port change interrupts (pins GP0, GP1, GP3)
A/D Interrupt

The interrupt control register (INTCON) records individ­ual interrupt requests in flag bits. It also has individual
and global interrupt enable bits.

Note: Individual interrupt flag bits are set regard-

less of the status of their corresponding
mask bit or the GIE bit.

A global interrupt enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>)
enables (if set) all un-masked interrupts or disables (if
cleared) all interrupts. When bit GIE is enabled, and an
interrupt’s flag bit and mask bit are set, the interrupt will
vector immediately. Individual interrupts can be dis­abled through their corresponding enable bits in vari­ous registers. Individual interrupt bits are set
regardless of the status of the GIE bit. The GIE bit is
cleared on reset.

The “return from interrupt” instruction, RETFIE, exits
the interrupt routine as well as sets the GIE bit, which
re-enables interrupts.

The GP2/INT, GPIO port change interrupt and the
TMR0 overflow interrupt flags are contained in the
INTCON register.

The peripheral interrupt flag ADIF, is contained in the
special function register PIR1. The corresponding
interrupt enable bit is contained in special function reg­ister PIE1, and the peripheral interrupt enable bit is
contained in special function register INTCON.

When an interrupt is responded to, the GIE bit is
cleared to disable any further interrupt, the return
address is pushed onto the stack and the PC is loaded
with 0004h. Once in the interrupt service routine the
source(s) of the interrupt can be determined by polling
the interrupt flag bits. The interr upt flag bit(s) must be
cleared in software before re-enabling interrupts to
avoid recursive interrupts.

For external interrupt events, such as GPIO change
interrupt, the interrupt latency will be three or four
instruction cycles. The e xact latency depends when the
interrupt event occurs (Figure 8-15). The latency is the
same for one or two cycle instructions. Individual inter­rupt flag bits are set regardless of the status of their
corresponding mask bit or the GIE bit.

FIGURE 9-14: INTERRUPT LOGIC

INTF
INTE

ADIF
ADIE

T0IF
T0IE

GPIF
GPIE

PEIE

GIE

Wakeup
(If in SLEEP mode)

Interrupt to CPU

DS40181B-page 54 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 9-15: INT PIN INTERRUPT TIMING

Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4

OSC1

PIC12CE67X

CLKOUT

INT pin

INTF flag
(INTCON<1>)

GIE bit
(INTCON<7>)

INSTR

PC

Instruction
fetched

Instruction
executed

Note

3

UCTION FLOW

Inst (PC-1)

1: INTF flag is sampled here (every Q1).
2: Interrupt latency = 3-4 Tcy where Tcy = instruction cycle time.

Latency is the same whether Inst (PC) is a single cycle or a 2-cycle instruction.
3: CLKOUT is available only in INTRC and EXTRC oscillator modes.
4: For minimum width of INT pulse, refer to AC specs.
5: INTF is enabled to be set anytime during the Q4-Q1 cycles.

1

PC

Inst (PC)

4

1

5

PC+1

Inst (PC+1)

Inst (PC)

Interrupt Latency

PC+1

—

Dummy Cycle

2

0004h

Inst (0004h)

Dummy Cycle

0005h

Inst (0005h)

Inst (0004h)

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 55

PIC12CE67X

9.5.1 TMR0 INTERRUPT
An overflow (FFh → 00h) in the TMR0 register will set

flag bit T0IF (INTCON<2>). The interrupt can be
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit T0IE
(INTCON<5>). (Section 7.0)

9.5.2 INT INTERRUPT
External interrupt on GP2/INT pin is edge triggered:

either rising if bit INTEDG (OPTION<6>) is set, or fall­ing, if the INTEDG bit is clear. When a valid edge
appears on the GP2/INT pin, flag bit INTF
(INTCON<1>) is set. This interr upt can be disabled by
clearing enable bit INTE (INTCON<4>). Flag bit INTF
must be cleared in software in the interrupt service rou­tine before re-enabling this interrupt. The INT interrupt
can wake-up the processor from SLEEP, if bit INTE was
set prior to going into SLEEP. The status of global inter­rupt enable bit GIE decides whether or not the proces­sor branches to the interrupt vector following wake-up.
See Section 9.8 for details on SLEEP mode.

9.5.3 GPIO INTCON CHANGE
An input change on GP3, GP1 or GP0 sets flag bit

GPIF (INTCON<0>). The interrupt can be enabled/dis­abled by setting/clearing enable bit GPIE
(INTCON<3>). (Section 5.1)

9.6 Context Saving During Interrupts

During an interrupt, only the return PC value is saved
on the stack. Typically, users may wish to save ke y reg­isters during an interrupt i.e., W register and STATUS
register. This will have to be implemented in software.

Example 9-1 store and restore the STATUS and W
registers. The register, W_TEMP, must be defined in
both banks and must be defined at the same offset
from the bank base address (i.e., if W_TEMP is
defined at 0x20 in bank 0, it must also be defined at

0xA0 in bank 1).
The example:
a) Stores the W register.

b) Stores the STATUS register in bank 0.
c) Executes the ISR code.
d) Restores the STATUS register (and bank select

bit).

e) Restores the W register.

EXAMPLE 9-1: SAVING STATUS AND W REGISTERS IN RAM

MOVWF W_TEMP ;Copy W to TEMP register, could be bank one or zero
SWAPF STATUS,W ;Swap status to be saved into W
BCF STATUS,RP0 ;Change to bank zero, regardless of current bank
MOVWF STATUS_TEMP ;Save status to bank zero STATUS_TEMP register
:
:(ISR)
:
SWAPF STATUS_TEMP,W ;Swap STATUS_TEMP register into W
;(sets bank to original state)
MOVWF STATUS ;Move W into STATUS register
SWAPF W_TEMP,F ;Swap W_TEMP
SWAPF W_TEMP,W ;Swap W_TEMP into W

DS40181B-page 56 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

9.7 Watchdog Timer (WDT)

The Watchdog Timer is a free running on-chip RC oscil­lator which does not require any external components.
This RC oscillator is separate from the RC oscillator of
the OSC1/CLKIN pin. That means that the WDT will
run, even if the clock on the OSC1/CLKIN and OSC2/
CLKOUT pins of the device has been stopped, for
example, by execution of a SLEEP instruction. During
normal operation, a WDT time-out generates a device
RESET (Watchdog Timer Reset). If the device is in
SLEEP mode, a WDT time-out causes the device to
wake-up and continue with normal operation (Watch­dog Timer Wake-up). The WDT can be permanently
disabled by clearing configuration bit WDTE
(Section 9.1).

9.7.1 WDT PERIOD
The WDT has a nominal time-out period of 18 ms, (with

no prescaler). The time-out periods vary with tempera-

DD

ture, V
DC specs). If longer time-out periods are desired, a
prescaler with a division ratio of up to 1:128 can be
assigned to the WDT under software control by writing
to the OPTION register. Thus, time-out periods up to

2.3 seconds can be realized.

and process variations from part to part (see

The CLRWDT and SLEEP instructions clear the WDT
and the postscaler, if assigned to the WDT, and prevent
it from timing out early and generating a premature
device RESET condition.

The T

O bit in the STATUS register will be cleared upon

a Watchdog Timer time-out.

9.7.2 WDT PROGRAMMING CONSIDERATIONS
It should also be taken into account that under worst

case conditions (V

DD = Min., Temperature = Max., and

max. WDT prescaler) it may take several seconds
before a WDT time-out occurs.

Note: When the prescaler is assigned to the

WDT, always execute a CLRWDT instruction
before changing the prescale value, other­wise a WDT reset may occur.

FIGURE 9-16: WATCHDOG TIMER BLOCK DIAGRAM

From TMR0 Clock Source
(Figure 7-5)

0

M

1

WDT Timer

WDT

Enable Bit

Note: PSA and PS2:PS0 are bits in the OPTION register.

U
X

PSA

Postscaler

8 - to - 1 MUX

0

MUX

WDT

Time-out

8

PS2:PS0

To TMR0 (Figure 7-5)

1

PSA

FIGURE 9-17: SUMMARY OF WATCHDOG TIMER REGISTERS

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

(1)

2007h

Config. bits
81h OPTION
Legend: Shaded cells are not used by the Watchdog Timer.

Note 1: See Figure 9-1 for operation of these bits. Not all CP0 and CP1 bits are shown.

MCLRE CP1 CP0 PWRTE WDTE FOSC2 FOSC1 FOSC0

GPPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 57

PIC12CE67X

9.8 Power-down Mode (SLEEP)

Power-down mode is entered by executing a SLEEP
instruction.

If enabled, the Watchdog Timer will be cleared but
keeps running, the PD
T

O (STATUS<4>) bit is set, and the oscillator dr iver is
turned off. The I/O por ts maintain the status they had,
before the SLEEP instruction was executed (driving
high, low, or hi-impedance).

For lowest current consumption in this mode, place all
I/O pins at either V
cuitry is drawing current from the I/O pin, power-down
the A/D, disable external clocks. Pull all I/O pins, that
are hi-impedance inputs, high or low externally to av oid
switching currents caused by floating inputs. The
T0CKI input if enabled should also be at V
lowest current consumption. The contribution from on­chip pull-ups on GPIO should be considered.

The MCLR
(V

IHMC).

9.8.1 WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP
The device can wake up from SLEEP through one of

the following events:

1. External reset input on MCLR

2. Watchdog Timer Wake-up (if WDT was

3. GP2/INT interrupt, interrupt GPIO por t change,

External MCLR
other events are considered a continuation of program
execution and cause a "wake-up". The T
in the STATUS register can be used to determine the
cause of device reset. The PD
power-up, is cleared when SLEEP is invoked. The T
bit is cleared if a WDT time-out occurred (and caused
wake-up).

The following peripheral interrupt can wake the device
from SLEEP:

1. A/D conversion (when A/D clock source is RC).

pin if enabled must be at a logic high level

enabled).

or some Peripheral Interrupts.

bit (STATUS<3>) is cleared, the

DD, or VSS, ensure no external cir-

DD or VSS for

pin.

Reset will cause a device reset. All

O and PD bits

bit, which is set on

Other peripherals can not generate interrupts since
during SLEEP, no on-chip Q clocks are present.

When the SLEEP instruction is being executed, the ne xt
instruction (PC + 1) is pre-fetched. For the device to
wake-up through an interrupt event, the corresponding
interrupt enable bit must be set (enabled). Wake-up is
regardless of the state of the GIE bit. If the GIE bit is
clear (disabled), the device continues execution at the
instruction after the SLEEP instruction. If the GIE bit is
set (enabled), the device executes the instruction after
the SLEEP instruction and then branches to the inter­rupt address (0004h). In cases where the execution of
the instruction following SLEEP is not desirable, the
user should have a NOP after the SLEEP instruction.

9.8.2 WAKE-UP USING INTERRUPTS
When global interrupts are disabled (GIE cleared) and

any interrupt source has both its interrupt enable bit
and interrupt flag bit set, one of the following will occur:

• If the interrupt occurs before the the execution of
a SLEEP instruction, the SLEEP instruction will
complete as a NOP. Therefore, the WDT and
WDT postscaler will not be cleared, the T
not be set and PD

• If the interrupt occurs during or after the execu­tion of a SLEEP instruction, the device will imme­diately wake up from sleep . The SLEEP
instruction will be completely executed before the
wake-up. Therefore, the WDT and WDT
postscaler will be cleared, the T
and the PD

Even if the flag bits were checked before executing a
SLEEP instruction, it may be possible for flag bits to
become set before the SLEEP instruction completes. To
determine whether a SLEEP instruction executed, test
the PD

O

bit. If the PD bit is set, the SLEEP instruction

was executed as a NOP.
To ensure that the WDT is cleared, a CLRWDT instruc-

tion should be executed before a SLEEP instruction.

bits will not be cleared.

O bit will be set

bit will be cleared.

O bit will

DS40181B-page 58 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 9-18: WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP THROUGH INTERRUPT

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

OSC1

CLKOUT(4)

GPIO pin

GPIF flag
(INTCON<0>)

GIE bit
(INTCON<7>)

INSTR

UCTION FLOW

Instruction
fetched

Instruction
executed

PC

Inst(PC) = SLEEP

Processor in

SLEEP

PC PC+1 PC+2

Inst(PC + 1)

Inst(PC - 1)

SLEEP

TOST(2)

PC+2

Inst(PC + 2)

Inst(PC + 1)

PIC12CE67X

Interrupt Latency

(Note 2)

PC + 2 0004h 0005h

Inst(0004h)

Dummy cycle

Dummy cycle

Inst(0005h)

Inst(0004h)

Note 1: XT, HS or LP oscillator mode assumed.

9.9 Program Verification/Code Protection

If the code protection bit(s) have not been pro­grammed, the on-chip program memory can be read
out for verification purposes.

Note: Microchip does not recommend code pro-

OST = 1024TOSC (drawing not to scale) This delay will not be there for INTRC and EXTRC osc mode.

2: T
3: GIE = '1' assumed. In this case after wake- up, the processor jumps to the interrupt routine. If GIE = '0', execution will continue in-line.
4: CLKOUT is not available in XT, HS or LP osc modes, but shown here for timing reference.

After reset, to place the device into programming/verify
mode, the program counter (PC) is at location 00h. A 6­bit command is then supplied to the device. Depending
on the command, 14-bits of program data are then sup­plied to or from the device, depending if the command
was a load or a read. For complete details of serial pro-

tecting windowed devices.

gramming, please refer to the PIC12CE67X Program­ming Specifications.

9.10 ID Locations

Four memory locations (2000h - 2003h) are designated
as ID locations where the user can store checksum or
other code-identification numbers. These locations are
not accessible during normal execution but are read­able and writable during program/verify. It is recom­mended that only the 4 least significant bits of the ID
location are used.

9.11 In-Circuit Serial Programming

PIC12CE67X microcontrollers can be serially pro­grammed while in the end application circuit. This is
simply done with two lines for clock and data, and three
other lines for power, ground, and the programming
voltage. This allows customers to manufacture boards
with unprogrammed devices, and then program the
microcontroller just before shipping the product. This
also allows the most recent firmware or a custom firm­ware to be programmed.

The device is placed into a program/verify mode by
holding the GP1 and GP0 pins low while raising the
MCLR

(VPP) pin from VIL to VIHH (see programming
specification). GP1 (clock) becomes the programming
clock and GP0 (data) becomes the programming data.
Both GP0 and GP1 are Schmitt Trigger inputs in this
mode.

FIGURE 9-19: TYPICAL IN-CIRCUIT SERIAL

PROGRAMMING
CONNECTION

To Normal

External
Connector
Signals

+5V

0V

VPP

CLK

Data I/O

Connections

To Normal
Connections

PIC12CE67X

DD

V
VSS
MCLR/VPP

GP1

GP0

VDD

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 59

PIC12CE67X

NOTES:

DS40181B-page 60 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

10.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

Each PIC12CE67X instruction is a 14-bit word divided
into an OPCODE which specifies the instruction type
and one or more operands which further specify the
operation of the instruction. The PIC12CE67X instruc­tion set summary in T able 10-2 lists byte-oriented, bit-
oriented, and literal and control operations. Table 10-
1 shows the opcode field descriptions.

For byte-oriented instructions, 'f' represents a file reg­ister designator and 'd' represents a destination desig­nator. The file register designator specifies which file
register is to be used by the instruction.

The destination designator specifies where the result of
the operation is to be placed. If 'd' is zero, the result is
placed in the W register . If 'd' is one , the result is placed
in the file register specified in the instruction.

For bit-oriented instructions, 'b' represents a bit field
designator which selects the number of the bit affected
by the operation, while 'f' represents the number of the
file in which the bit is located.

For literal and control operations, 'k' represents an
eight or eleven bit constant or literal value.

TABLE 10-1: OPCODE FIELD

DESCRIPTIONS

Field Description

f Register file address (0x00 to 0x7F)
W Working register (accumulator)
b Bit address within an 8-bit file register
k Literal field, constant data or label
x Don't care location (= 0 or 1)

The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the
recommended form of use for compatibility with all
Microchip software tools.

d Destination select; d = 0: store result in W,

d = 1: store result in file register f.
Default is d = 1

label Label name

TOS Top of Stack

PC Program Counter

PCLATH

Program Counter High Latch

GIE Global Interrupt Enable bit
WDT Watchdog Timer/Counter

TO Time-out bit
PD Power-down bit

dest Destination either the W register or the specified

register file location

[ ] Options

Contents

( )

Assigned to

→

Register bit field

< >

In the set of

∈

User defined term (font is courier)

i

talics

The instruction set is highly orthogonal and is grouped
into three basic categories:

• Byte-oriented operations

• Bit-oriented operations

• Literal and control operations
All instructions are executed within one single instruc-

tion cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the pro­gram counter is changed as a result of an instruction.
In this case, the execution takes two instruction cycles
with the second cycle executed as a NOP. One instruc­tion cycle consists of four oscillator periods. Thus, for
an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal instruction
execution time is 1 µs . If a conditional test is true or the
program counter is changed as a result of an instruc­tion, the instruction execution time is 2 µs.

Table 10-2 lists the instructions recognized by the
MPASM assembler.

Figure 10-1 shows the three general formats that the
instructions can have.

Note: To maintain upward compatibility with

future PIC12CE67X products, do not use
the OPTION and TRIS instructions.

All examples use the following format to represent a
hexadecimal number:

0xhh

where h signifies a hexadecimal digit.

FIGURE 10-1: GENERAL FORMAT FOR

INSTRUCTIONS

Byte-oriented file register operations

13 8 7 6 0

OPCODE d f (FILE #)

d = 0 for destination W
d = 1 for destination f
f = 7-bit file register address

Bit-oriented file register operations

13 10 9 7 6 0

OPCODE b (BIT #) f (FILE #)

b = 3-bit bit address
f = 7-bit file register address

Literal and control operations
General

13 8 7 0

OPCODE k (literal)

k = 8-bit immediate value

CALL and GOTO instructions only

13 11 10 0

OPCODE k (literal)

k = 11-bit immediate value

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 61

PIC12CE67X

10.1 Special Function Registers as
Source/Destination

The PIC12CE67X’s orthogonal instruction set allows
read and write of all file registers, including special
function registers. There are some special situations
the user should be aware of:

10.1.1 STATUS AS DESTINATION

If an instruction writes to ST ATUS, the Z, C and DC bits
may be set or cleared as a result of the instruction and
overwrite the original data bits written. For example,
executing CLRF STATUS will clear register STA TUS, and
then set the Z bit leaving 0000 0100b in the register.

10.1.2 TRIS AS DESTINATION

Bit 3 of the TRIS register always reads as a '1' since
GP3 is an input only pin. This f act can affect some read­modify-write operations on the TRIS register.

10.1.3 PCL AS SOURCE OR DESTINATION
Read, write or read-modify-write on PCL may have the

following results:
Read PC: PCL → dest
Write PCL: PCLATH → PCH;

8-bit destination value → PCL

Read-Modify-Write: PCL→ ALU operand

PCLATH → PCH;
8-bit result → PCL

Where PCH = program counter high byte (not an
addressable register), PCLATH = Program counter
high holding latch, dest = destination, WREG or f.

10.1.4 BIT MANIPULATION
All bit manipulation instructions are done by first read-

ing the entire register, operating on the selected bit and
writing the result back (read-modify-write). The user
should keep this in mind when operating on special
function registers, such as ports.

DS40181B-page 62 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

TABLE 10-2: INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

PIC12CE67X

Mnemonic,
Operands

BYTE-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS
ADDWF

ANDWF
CLRF
CLRW
COMF
DECF
DECFSZ
INCF
INCFSZ
IORWF
MOVF
MOVWF
NOP
RLF
RRF
SUBWF
SWAPF
XORWF

BIT-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS
BCF

BSF
BTFSC
BTFSS

LITERAL AND CONTROL OPERATIONS
ADDLW

ANDLW
CALL
CLRWDT
GOTO
IORLW
MOVLW
RETFIE
RETLW
RETURN
SLEEP
SUBLW
XORLW

Note 1: When an I/O register is modified as a function of itself ( e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1), the value used will be that value present

on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is '1' for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an external
device, the data will be written back with a '0'.

2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicab le , d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared if assigned

to the Timer0 Module.

3: If Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The second cycle is

executed as a NOP.

Description Cycles 14-Bit Opcode Status

MSb LSb

f, d

Add W and f

f, d

AND W with f

f

Clear f

-

Clear W

f, d

Complement f

f, d

Decrement f

f, d

Decrement f, Skip if 0

f, d

Increment f

f, d

Increment f, Skip if 0

f, d

Inclusive OR W with f

f, d

Move f

f

Move W to f

-

No Operation

f, d

Rotate Left f through Carry

f, d

Rotate Right f through Carry

f, d

Subtract W from f

f, d

Swap nibbles in f

f, d

Exclusive OR W with f

f, b

Bit Clear f

f, b

Bit Set f

f, b

Bit Test f, Skip if Clear

f, b

Bit Test f, Skip if Set

k

Add literal and W

k

AND literal with W

k

Call subroutine

-

Clear Watchdog Timer

k

Go to address

k

Inclusive OR literal with W

k

Move literal to W

-

Return from interrupt

k

Return with literal in W

-

Return from Subroutine

-

Go into standby mode

k

Subtract W from literal

k

Exclusive OR literal with W

1
1
1
1
1
1

1(2)

1

1(2)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1

1
1 (2)
1 (2)

1

1

2

1

2

1

1

2

2

2

1

1

1

00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00

01
01
01
01

11
11
10
00
10
11
11
00
11
00
00
11
11

0111
0101
0001
0001
1001
0011
1011
1010
1111
0100
1000
0000
0000
1101
1100
0010
1110
0110

00bb
01bb
10bb
11bb

111x
1001
0kkk
0000
1kkk
1000
00xx
0000
01xx
0000
0000
110x
1010

dfff
dfff
lfff
0000
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff
lfff
0xx0
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff

bfff
bfff
bfff
bfff

kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
0110
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
0000
kkkk
0000
0110
kkkk
kkkk

ffff
ffff
ffff
0011
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
0000
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff

ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff

kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
0100
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
1001
kkkk
1000
0011
kkkk
kkkk

Affected

C,DC,Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z

Z

Z
Z

C
C
C,DC,Z

Z

C,DC,Z
Z

O,PD

T

Z

TO,PD
C,DC,Z
Z

Notes

1,2
1,2
2

1,2
1,2
1,2,3
1,2
1,2,3
1,2
1,2

1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2

1,2
1,2
3
3

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 63

PIC12CE67X

10.2 Instruction Descriptions

ADDLW Add Literal and W

label

Syntax: [

] ADDLW k
Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operation: (W) + k → (W)
Status Affected: C, DC, Z
Encoding:
Description:

11 111x kkkk kkkk

The contents of the W register are
added to the eight bit literal 'k' and the
result is placed in the W register

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

ADDLW 0x15

Before Instruction

W = 0x10

After Instruction

W = 0x25

ADDWF Add W and f

label

Syntax: [

] ADDWF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

d ∈ [0,1]
Operation: (W) + (f) → (dest)
Status Affected: C, DC, Z
Encoding:
Description:

00 0111 dfff ffff

Add the contents of the W register

with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is

stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the

result is stored back in register 'f'

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

ADDWF FSR, 0

Before Instruction

W = 0x17
FSR = 0xC2

After Instruction

W = 0xD9
FSR = 0xC2

ANDLW And Literal with W

label

Syntax: [

] ANDLW k
Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operation: (W) .AND. (k) → (W)
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
Description:

.

11 1001 kkkk kkkk

The contents of W register are
AND’ed with the eight bit literal 'k'. The
result is placed in the W register

.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

ANDLW 0x5F

Before Instruction

W = 0xA3

After Instruction

W = 0x03

ANDWF AND W with f

label

Syntax: [

] ANDWF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

d ∈ [0,1]
Operation: (W) .AND. (f) → (dest)
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
Description:

.

00 0101 dfff ffff

AND the W register with register 'f'. If

'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W

register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored

back in register 'f'

.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

ANDWF FSR, 1

Before Instruction

W = 0x17
FSR = 0xC2

After Instruction

W = 0x17
FSR = 0x02

DS40181B-page 64 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

BCF Bit Clear f

label

Syntax: [

] BCF f,b

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

0 ≤ b ≤ 7
Operation: 0 → (f<b>)
Status Affected: None
Encoding:

01 00bb bfff ffff

Description: Bit 'b' in register 'f' is cleared.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

BCF FLAG_REG, 7

Before Instruction

FLAG_REG = 0xC7

After Instruction

FLAG_REG = 0x47

BSF Bit Set f

label

Syntax: [

] BSF f,b

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

0 ≤ b ≤ 7
Operation: 1 → (f<b>)
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Description:

01 01bb bfff ffff

Bit 'b' in register 'f' is set.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

BSF FLAG_REG, 7

Before Instruction

FLAG_REG = 0x0A

After Instruction

FLAG_REG = 0x8A

BTFSC Bit Test, Skip if Clear

label

Syntax: [

] BTFSC f,b

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

0 ≤ b ≤ 7
Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 0
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Description:

01 10bb bfff ffff

If bit 'b' in register 'f' is '0' then the next

instruction is skipped.

If bit 'b' is '0' then the next instruction

fetched during the current instruction

execution is discarded, and a NOP is

executed instead, making this a 2 cycle

instruction

.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Example

HERE
FALSE
TRUE

BTFSC
GOTO

•

•

•

FLAG,1
PROCESS_CODE

Before Instruction

PC = address HERE

After Instruction

if FLAG<1> = 0,

PC = address TRUE

if FLAG<1>=1,

PC = address FALSE

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 65

PIC12CE67X

BTFSS Bit Test f, Skip if Set

label

Syntax: [

] BTFSS f,b

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

0 ≤ b < 7
Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 1
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Description:

01 11bb bfff ffff

If bit 'b' in register 'f' is '1' then the next

instruction is skipped.

If bit 'b' is '1', then the next instruction

fetched during the current instruction

execution, is discarded and a NOP is

executed instead, making this a 2 cycle

instruction.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Example

HERE
FALSE
TRUE

BTFSS
GOTO

•

•

•

FLAG,1
PROCESS_CODE

Before Instruction

PC = address HERE

After Instruction

if FLAG<1> = 0,
PC = address FALSE
if FLAG<1> = 1,
PC = address TRUE

CLRF Clear f

label

Syntax: [

] CLRF f
Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127
Operation: 00h → (f)

1 → Z
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
Description:

00 0001 1fff ffff

The contents of register 'f' are cleared

and the Z bit is set.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

CLRF FLAG_REG

Before Instruction

After Instruction

FLAG_REG = 0x5A

FLAG_REG = 0x00
Z = 1

CALL Call Subroutine

label

Syntax: [

] CALL k
Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 2047
Operation: (PC)+ 1→ TOS,

k → PC<10:0>,

(PCLATH<4:3>) → PC<12:11>
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Description:

10 0kkk kkkk kkkk

Call Subroutine. First, return address

(PC+1) is pushed onto the stack. The

eleven bit immediate address is loaded

into PC bits <10:0>. The upper bits of

the PC are loaded from PCLATH.

CALL is a two cycle instruction.

Words: 1
Cycles: 2
Example

HERE CALL THERE

Before Instruction

PC = Address HERE

After Instruction

PC = Address THERE
TOS= Address HERE+1

CLRW Clear W

label

Syntax: [

] CLRW
Operands: None
Operation: 00h → (W)

1 → Z
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
Description:

00 0001 0000 0011

W register is cleared. Zero bit (Z) is

set.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

CLRW

Before Instruction

After Instruction

W = 0x5A

W = 0x00
Z = 1

DS40181B-page 66 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

CLRWDT Clear Watchdog Timer

label

Syntax: [

] CLRWDT
Operands: None
Operation: 00h → WDT

0 → WDT prescaler,

O

1 → T

1 → PD
Status Affected: TO, PD
Encoding:
Description:

00 0000 0110 0100

CLRWDT instruction resets the Watch-

dog Timer. It also resets the prescaler

of the WDT. Status bits TO and PD

are set.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

CLRWDT

Before Instruction

WDT counter = ?

After Instruction

WDT counter = 0x00
WDT prescaler= 0

TO = 1
PD = 1

DECF Decrement f

label

Syntax: [

] DECF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

d ∈ [0,1]
Operation: (f) - 1 → (dest)
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
Description:

00 0011 dfff ffff

Decrement register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the

result is stored in the W register. If 'd'

is 1 the result is stored back in register

'f'

.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

DECF CNT, 1

Before Instruction

CNT = 0x01
Z = 0

After Instruction

CNT = 0x00
Z = 1

COMF Complement f

label

Syntax: [

] COMF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

d ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f

) → (dest)
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
Description:

00 1001 dfff ffff

The contents of register 'f' are comple­mented. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in
W. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored back in
register 'f'.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

COMF REG1,0

Before Instruction

REG1 = 0x13

After Instruction

REG1 = 0x13
W = 0xEC

DECFSZ Decrement f, Skip if 0

label

Syntax: [

] DECFSZ f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

d ∈ [0,1]
Operation: (f) - 1 → (dest); skip if result = 0
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Description:

00 1011 dfff ffff

The contents of register 'f' are decre-

mented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in

the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is

placed back in register 'f'.

If the result is 0, the next instruction,

which is already fetched, is discarded. A

NOP is executed instead making it a two

cycle instruction.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Example

HERE DECFSZ CNT, 1
GOTO LOOP
CONTINUE •

•

•

Before Instruction

PC = address HERE

After Instruction

CNT = CNT - 1
if CNT = 0,
PC = address CONTINUE
if CNT ≠ 0,
PC = address HERE+1

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 67

PIC12CE67X

GOTO Unconditional Branch

label

Syntax: [

] GOTO k
Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 2047
Operation: k → PC<10:0>

PCLATH<4:3> → PC<12:11>
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Description:

10 1kkk kkkk kkkk

GOTO is an unconditional branch. The

eleven bit immediate value is loaded

into PC bits <10:0>. The upper bits of

PC are loaded from PCLATH<4:3>.

GOTO is a two cycle instruction.

Words: 1
Cycles: 2
Example

GOTO THERE

After Instruction

PC = Address THERE

INCFSZ Increment f, Skip if 0

label

Syntax: [

] INCFSZ f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

d ∈ [0,1]
Operation: (f) + 1 → (dest), skip if result = 0
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Description:

00 1111 dfff ffff

The contents of register 'f' are incre-

mented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed

in the W register . If 'd' is 1 the result is

placed back in register 'f'.

If the result is 0, the next instruction,

which is already fetched, is discarded.

A NOP is executed instead making it a

two cycle instruction

.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Example

HERE INCFSZ CNT, 1
GOTO LOOP
CONTINUE •

•

•

Before Instruction

PC = address HERE

After Instruction

CNT = CNT + 1
if CNT= 0,
PC = address CONTINUE
if CNT≠ 0,
PC = address HERE +1

INCF Increment f

label

Syntax: [

] INCF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

d ∈ [0,1]
Operation: (f) + 1 → (dest)
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
Description:

00 1010 dfff ffff

The contents of register 'f' are incre-

mented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed

in the W register . If 'd' is 1 the result is

placed back in register 'f'.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

INCF CNT, 1

Before Instruction

CNT = 0xFF
Z = 0

After Instruction

CNT = 0x00
Z = 1

IORLW Inclusive OR Literal with W

label

Syntax: [

] IORLW k
Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operation: (W) .OR. k → (W)
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
Description:

11 1000 kkkk kkkk

The contents of the W register is
OR’ed with the eight bit literal 'k'. The
result is placed in the W register

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

IORLW 0x35

Before Instruction

W = 0x9A

After Instruction

W = 0xBF
Z = 1

.

DS40181B-page 68 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

IORWF Inclusive OR W with f

label

Syntax: [

] IORWF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

d ∈ [0,1]
Operation: (W) .OR. (f) → (dest)
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
Description:

00 0100 dfff ffff

Inclusive OR the W register with regis-

ter 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in

the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is

placed back in register 'f'.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

IORWF RESULT, 0

Before Instruction

RESULT = 0x13
W = 0x91

After Instruction

RESULT = 0x13
W = 0x93
Z = 1

MOVLW Move Literal to W

label

Syntax: [

] MOVLW k
Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operation: k → (W)
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Description:

11 00xx kkkk kkkk

The eight bit literal 'k' is loaded into W
register

. The don’t cares will assemble

as 0’s.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

MOVLW 0x5A

After Instruction

W = 0x5A

MOVF Move f

label

Syntax: [

] MOVF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

d ∈ [0,1]
Operation: (f) → (dest)
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
Description:

00 1000 dfff ffff

The contents of register f is moved to

a destination dependant upon the sta-

tus of d. If d = 0, destination is W reg-

ister. If d = 1, the destination is file

register f itself. d = 1 is useful to test a

file register since status flag Z is

affected.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

MOVF FSR, 0

After Instruction

W = value in FSR register
Z = 1

MOVWF Move W to f

label

Syntax: [

] MOVWF f
Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127
Operation: (W) → (f)
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Description:

00 0000 1fff ffff

Move data from W register to register
'f'

.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

MOVWF OPTION

Before Instruction

OPTION = 0xFF
W = 0x4F

After Instruction

OPTION = 0x4F
W = 0x4F

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 69

PIC12CE67X

NOP No Operation

label

Syntax: [

] NOP
Operands: None
Operation: No operation
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Description:

00 0000 0xx0 0000

No operation.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

NOP

OPTION Load Option Register

Syntax: [

label

] OPTION

Operands: None

Operation: (W) → OPTION
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Description:

00 0000 0110 0010

The contents of the W register are
loaded in the OPTION register. This
instruction is supported for code com­patibility with PIC16C5X products.
Since OPTION is a readable/writable
register, the user can directly address
it.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1

Example

To maintain upward compatibility
with future PIC12C67X products,
do not use this instruction.

RETFIE Return from Interrupt

label

Syntax: [

] RETFIE
Operands: None
Operation: TOS → PC,

1 → GIE
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Description:

00 0000 0000 1001

Return from Interrupt. Stack is POP ed

and Top of Stack (TOS) is loaded in

the PC. Interrupts are enabled by set-

ting Global Interrupt Enable bit, GIE

(INTCON<7>). This is a two cycle

instruction.

Words: 1
Cycles: 2
Example

RETFIE

After Interrupt

PC = TOS
GIE = 1

RETLW Return with Literal in W

label

Syntax: [

] RETLW k
Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operation: k → (W);

TOS → PC
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Description:

11 01xx kkkk kkkk

The W register is loaded with the eight

bit literal 'k'. The program counter is

loaded from the top of the stack (the

return address). This is a two cycle

instruction.

Words: 1
Cycles: 2
Example

CALL TABLE ;W contains table

;offset value

• ;W now has table value

•

•

TABLE

ADDWF PC ;W = offset

RETLW k1 ;Begin table

RETLW k2 ;

•

•

•

RETLW kn ; End of table

Before Instruction

W = 0x07

After Instruction

W = value of k8

DS40181B-page 70 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

RETURN Return from Subroutine

label

Syntax: [

] RETURN
Operands: None
Operation: TOS → PC
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Description:

00 0000 0000 1000

Return from subroutine. The stack is
POPed and the top of the stack (T OS)
is loaded into the program counter.
This is a two cycle instruction.

Words: 1
Cycles: 2
Example

RETURN

After Interrupt

PC = TOS

RRF Rotate Right f through Carry

label

Syntax: [

] RRF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

d ∈ [0,1]
Operation: See description below
Status Affected: C
Encoding:
Description:

00 1100 dfff ffff

The contents of register 'f' are rotated

one bit to the right through the Carry

Flag. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in

the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is

placed back in register 'f'.

Register fC

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

RRF REG1,0

Before Instruction

REG1 = 1110 0110
C = 0

After Instruction

REG1 = 1110 0110
W = 0111 0011
C = 0

RLF Rotate Left f through Carry

label

Syntax: [

] RLF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

d ∈ [0,1]
Operation: See description below
Status Affected: C
Encoding:
Description:

00 1101 dfff ffff

The contents of register 'f' are rotated

one bit to the left through the Carry

Flag. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in

the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is

stored back in register 'f'.

Register fC

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

RLF REG1,0

Before Instruction

REG1 = 1110 0110
C = 0

After Instruction

REG1 = 1110 0110
W = 1100 1100
C = 1

SLEEP

Syntax: [

label

] SLEEP
Operands: None
Operation: 00h → WDT,

0 → WDT prescaler,

O,

1 → T

0 → PD
Status Affected: TO, PD
Encoding:
Description:

00 0000 0110 0011

The power-down status bit, PD is

cleared. Time-out status bit, TO is

set. Watchdog Timer and its pres-

caler are cleared.

The processor is put into SLEEP

mode with the oscillator stopped.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example: SLEEP

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 71

PIC12CE67X

SUBLW Subtract W from Literal

label

Syntax: [

] SUBLW k
Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operation: k - (W) → (W)
Status

C, DC, Z

Affected:
Encoding: 11 110x kkkk kkkk
Description:

The W register is subtracted (2’s com­plement method) from the eight bit literal
'k'. The result is placed in the W register.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example 1: SUBLW 0x02

Before Instruction

W = 1
C = ?

After Instruction

W = 1
C = 1; result is positive

Example 2: Before Instruction

W = 2
C = ?

After Instruction

W = 0
C = 1; result is zero

Example 3: Before Instruction

W = 3
C = ?

After Instruction

W = 0xFF
C = 0; result is nega­tive

SUBWF Subtract W from f

label

Syntax: [

] SUBWF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

d ∈ [0,1]
Operation: (f) - (W) → (dest)
Status

C, DC, Z
Affected:

Encoding: 00 0010 dfff ffff
Description:

Subtract (2’s complement method) W reg-

ister from register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is

stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the

result is stored back in register 'f'.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example 1: SUBWF REG1,1

Before Instruction

REG1 = 3
W = 2
C = ?

After Instruction

REG1 = 1
W = 2
C = 1; result is positive

Example 2: Before Instruction

REG1 = 2
W = 2
C = ?

After Instruction

REG1 = 0
W = 2
C = 1; result is zero

Example 3: Before Instruction

REG1 = 1
W = 2
C = ?

After Instruction

REG1 = 0xFF
W = 2
C = 0; result is negative

DS40181B-page 72 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

SWAPF Swap Nibbles in f

label

Syntax: [

] SWAPF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

d ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f<3:0>) → (dest<7:4>),

(f<7:4>) → (dest<3:0>)

Status Affected: None

00

Encoding:
Description:

The upper and lower nibbles of regis­ter 'f' are exchanged. If 'd' is 0 the
result is placed in W register. If 'd' is 1
the result is placed in register 'f'.

1110 dfff ffff

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

SWAPF REG, 0

Before Instruction

REG1 = 0xA5

After Instruction

REG1 = 0xA5
W = 0x5A

XORLW Exclusive OR Literal with W

Syntax: [

label

] XORLW k
Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operation: (W) .XOR. k → (W)
Status Affected: Z
Encoding: 11 1010 kkkk kkkk
Description:

The contents of the W register are
XOR’ed with the eight bit literal 'k'.
The result is placed in the W regis­ter.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example: XORLW 0xAF

Before Instruction

W = 0xB5

After Instruction

W = 0x1A

TRIS Load TRIS Register

Syntax: [

label

] TRIS f

Operands: 5 ≤ f ≤ 7

Operation: (W) → TRIS register f;
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Description:

00

0000 0110 0fff

The instruction is supported for code
compatibility with the PIC16C5X prod­ucts. Since TRIS registers are read­able and writable, the user can directly
address them.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example

To maintain upward compatibility
with future PIC12C67X products,
do not use this instruction.

XORWF Exclusive OR W with f

label

Syntax: [

] XORWF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127

d ∈ [0,1]
Operation: (W) .XOR. (f) → (dest)
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
Description:

00 0110 dfff ffff

Exclusive OR the contents of the W

register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the

result is stored in the W register. If 'd'

is 1 the result is stored back in register

'f'.

Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Example XORWF

REG 1

Before Instruction

REG = 0xAF
W = 0xB5

After Instruction

REG = 0x1A
W = 0xB5

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 73

PIC12CE67X

NOTES:

DS40181B-page 74 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

11.0 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT

11.1 Development Tools

The PICmicrο microcontrollers are supported with a
full range of hardware and software dev elopment tools:

• MPLAB™-ICE Real-Time In-Circuit Emulator

• ICEPIC Low-Cost PIC16C5X and PIC16CXXX
In-Circuit Emulator

• PRO MATE

• PICSTART
Programmer

• SIMICE

• PICDEM-1 Low-Cost Demonstration Board

• PICDEM-2 Low-Cost Demonstration Board

• PICDEM-3 Low-Cost Demonstration Board

• MPASM Assembler

• MPLAB SIM Software Simulator

• MPLAB-C17 (C Compiler)

• Fuzzy Logic Development System
(

fuzzy

• K

EELOQ

11.2 MPLAB-ICE: High Performance



II Universal Programmer



Plus Entry-Level Prototype

TECH−MP)

®

Evaluation Kits and Programmer

Universal In-Circuit Emulator with
MPLAB IDE

11.3 ICEPIC: Low-Cost PICmicro™
In-Circuit Emulator

ICEPIC is a low-cost in-circuit emulator solution for the
Microchip PIC12CXXX, PIC16C5X and PIC16CXXX
families of 8-bit OTP microcontrollers.

ICEPIC is designed to operate on PC-compatible
machines ranging from 386 through Pentium based
machines under Windows 3.x, Windows 95, or Win­dows NT environment. ICEPIC features real time, non­intrusive emulation.

11.4 PRO MATE II: Universal Programmer

The PRO MATE II Universal Programmer is a full-fea­tured programmer capable of operating in stand-alone
mode as well as PC-hosted mode. PRO MATE II is CE
compliant.

The PRO MATE II has programmable V
supplies which allows it to verify programmed memory
at V

DD min and VDD max for maximum reliability. It has

an LCD display for displaying error messages, keys to
enter commands and a modular detachable socket
assembly to support various package types. In stand­alone mode the PRO MATE II can read, verify or pro­gram PIC12CXXX, PIC14C000, PIC16C5X,
PIC16CXXX and PIC17CXX devices. It can also set
configuration and code-protect bits in this mode.

DD and VPP

The MPLAB-ICE Universal In-Circuit Emulator is
intended to provide the product development engineer
with a complete microcontroller design tool set for
PICmicro microcontrollers (MCUs). MPLAB-ICE is sup­plied with the MPLAB Integrated Dev elopment Environ­ment (IDE), which allows editing, “make” and
download, and source debugging from a single envi­ronment.

Interchangeable processor modules allow the system
to be easily reconfigured for emulation of different pro­cessors. The universal architecture of the MPLAB-ICE
allows expansion to support all new Microchip micro­controllers.

The MPLAB-ICE Emulator System has been designed
as a real-time emulation system with advanced fea­tures that are generally found on more expensive
development tools. The PC compatible 386 (and higher)
machine platform and Microsoft Windows
Windows 95 environment were chosen to best make
these features available to you, the end user.

MPLAB-ICE is available in two versions.
MPLAB-ICE 1000 is a basic, low-cost emulator system
with simple trace capabilities. It shares processor mod­ules with the MPLAB-ICE 2000. This is a full-featured
emulator system with enhanced trace, trigger, and data
monitoring features. Both systems will operate across
the entire operating speed reange of the PICmicro
MCU.



3.x or

11.5 PICSTART Plus Entry Level
Development System

The PICSTART programmer is an easy-to-use, low­cost prototype programmer. It connects to the PC via
one of the COM (RS-232) ports. MPLAB Integrated
Development Environment software makes using the
programmer simple and efficient. PICSTART Plus is
not recommended for production programming.

PICSTART Plus supports all PIC12CXXX, PIC14C000,
PIC16C5X, PIC16CXXX and PIC17CXX devices with
up to 40 pins. Larger pin count devices such as the
PIC16C923, PIC16C924 and PIC17C756 may be sup­ported with an adapter socket. PICSTART Plus is CE
compliant.

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 75

PIC12CE67X

11.6 SIMICE Entry-Level Hardware
Simulator

SIMICE is an entry-level hardware development sys­tem designed to operate in a PC-based environment
with Microchip’s simulator MPLAB™-SIM. Both SIM­ICE and MPLAB-SIM run under Microchip Technol­ogy’s MPLAB Integrated Development Environment
(IDE) software. Specifically, SIMICE provides hardware
simulation for Microchip’s PIC12C5XX, PIC12CE5XX,
and PIC16C5X families of PICmicro™ 8-bit microcon­trollers. SIMICE works in conjunction with MPLAB-SIM
to provide non-real-time I/O port emulation. SIMICE
enables a developer to run simulator code for driving
the target system. In addition, the target system can
provide input to the simulator code. This capability
allows for simple and interactive debugging without
having to manually generate MPLAB-SIM stimulus
files. SIMICE is a valuable debugging tool for entry­level system development.

11.7 PICDEM-1 Low-Cost PICmicro
Demonstration Board

The PICDEM-1 is a simple board which demonstrates
the capabilities of several of Microchip’s microcontrol­lers. The microcontrollers supported are: PIC16C5X
(PIC16C54 to PIC16C58A), PIC16C61, PIC16C62X,
PIC16C71, PIC16C8X, PIC17C42, PIC17C43 and
PIC17C44. All necessary hardware and software is
included to run basic demo programs. The users can
program the sample microcontrollers provided with
the PICDEM-1 board, on a PRO MATE II or
PICSTART-Plus programmer, and easily test firm­ware. The user can also connect the PICDEM-1
board to the MPLAB-ICE emulator and download the
firmware to the emulator for testing. Additional proto­type area is available for the user to build some addi­tional hardware and connect it to the microcontroller
socket(s). Some of the features include an RS-232
interface, a potentiometer for simulated analog input,
push-button switches and eight LEDs connected to
PORTB.

11.8 PICDEM-2 Low-Cost PIC16CXX
Demonstration Board

The PICDEM-2 is a simple demonstration board that
supports the PIC16C62, PIC16C64, PIC16C65,
PIC16C73 and PIC16C74 microcontrollers. All the
necessary hardware and software is included to
run the basic demonstration programs. The user
can program the sample microcontrollers provided
with the PICDEM-2 board, on a PRO MATE II pro­grammer or PICSTART-Plus, and easily test firmware.
The MPLAB-ICE emulator may also be used with the
PICDEM-2 board to test firmware. Additional prototype
area has been provided to the user for adding addi­tional hardware and connecting it to the microcontroller
socket(s). Some of the f eatures include a RS-232 inter­face, push-button switches, a potentiometer for simu­lated analog input, a Serial EEPROM to demonstrate
usage of the I
tion to an LCD module and a keypad.

2

C bus and separate headers for connec-

11.9 PICDEM-3 Low-Cost PIC16CXXX
Demonstration Board

The PICDEM-3 is a simple demonstration board that
supports the PIC16C923 and PIC16C924 in the PLCC
package. It will also support future 44-pin PLCC
microcontrollers with a LCD Module. All the neces­sary hardware and software is included to run the
basic demonstration programs. The user can pro­gram the sample microcontrollers provided with
the PICDEM-3 board, on a PRO MATE II program­mer or PICSTART Plus with an adapter socket, and
easily test firmware. The MPLAB-ICE emulator may
also be used with the PICDEM-3 board to test firm­ware. Additional prototype area has been provided to
the user for adding hardware and connecting it to the
microcontroller socket(s). Some of the f eatures include
an RS-232 interface, push-button switches, a potenti­ometer for simulated analog input, a thermistor and
separate headers for connection to an external LCD
module and a keypad. Also provided on the PICDEM-3
board is an LCD panel, with 4 commons and 12 seg­ments, that is capable of displaying time, temperature
and day of the week. The PICDEM-3 pro vides an addi­tional RS-232 interface and Windows 3.1 software for
showing the demultiplex ed LCD signals on a PC. A sim­ple serial interface allows the user to construct a hard­ware demultiplexer for the LCD signals.

DS40181B-page 76 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

11.10 MPLAB Integrated Development
Environment Software

The MPLAB IDE Software brings an ease of software
development previously unseen in the 8-bit microcon­troller market. MPLAB is a windows based application
which contains:

• A full featured editor

• Three operating modes

- editor

- emulator

- simulator

• A project manager

• Customizable tool bar and key mapping

• A status bar with project information

• Extensive on-line help

MPLAB allows you to:

• Edit your source files (either assembly or ‘C’)

• One touch assemble (or compile) and download

to PICmicro tools (automatically updates all
project information)

• Debug using:

- source files

- absolute listing file

The ability to use MPLAB with Microchip’s simulator
allows a consistent platform and the ability to easily
switch from the low cost simulator to the full featured
emulator with minimal retraining due to development
tools.

11.11 Assembler (MPASM)

The MPASM Universal Macro Assembler is a PC­hosted symbolic assembler. It suppor ts all microcon­troller series including the PIC12C5XX, PIC14000,
PIC16C5X, PIC16CXXX, and PIC17CXX families.

MPASM offers full featured Macro capabilities, condi­tional assembly , and se ver al source and listing formats.
It generates various object code formats to support
Microchip's development tools as well as third party
programmers.

MPASM allows full symbolic debugging from MPLAB­ICE, Microchip’s Universal Emulator System.

MPASM has the following features to assist in develop­ing software for specific use applications.

• Provides translation of Assembler source code to

object code for all Microchip microcontrollers.

• Macro assembly capability.

• Produces all the files (Object, Listing, Symbol, and

special) required for symbolic debug with
Microchip’s emulator systems.

• Supports Hex (default), Decimal and Octal source

and listing formats.

MPASM provides a rich directive language to suppor t
programming of the PICmicro. Directives are helpful in
making the development of y our assemble source code
shorter and more maintainable.

11.12 Software Simulator (MPLAB-SIM)

The MPLAB-SIM Software Simulator allows code
development in a PC host environment. It allows the
user to simulate the PICmicro series microcontrollers
on an instruction level. On any given instruction, the
user may examine or modify any of the data areas or
provide external stimulus to any of the pins. The input/
output radix can be set by the user and the execution
can be performed in; single step , ex ecute until break, or
in a trace mode.

MPLAB-SIM fully supports symbolic debugging using
MPLAB-C17 and MPASM. The Software Simulator
offers the low cost fle xibility to de velop and deb ug code
outside of the laboratory environment making it an
excellent multi-project software development tool.

11.13 MPLAB-C17 Compiler

The MPLAB-C17 Code Development System is a
complete ANSI ‘C’ compiler and integrated develop­ment environment for Microchip’ s PIC17CXXX family of
microcontrollers. The compiler provides powerful inte­gration capabilities and ease of use not found with
other compilers.

For easier source level debugging, the compiler pro­vides symbol information that is compatible with the
MPLAB IDE memory display.

11.14 Fuzzy Logic Development System
(

fuzzy

TECH-MP)

fuzzy

TECH-MP fuzzy logic development tool is avail­able in two versions - a low cost introductory version,
MP Explorer, for designers to gain a comprehensive
working knowledge of fuzzy logic system design; and a
full-featured version,
menting more complex systems.

Both versions include Microchip’s
stration board for hands-on experience with fuzzy logic
systems implementation.

fuzzy

TECH-MP, Edition for imple-

fuzzy

LAB demon-

11.15 SEEVAL Evaluation and

Programming System

The SEEVAL SEEPROM Designer’s Kit supports all
Microchip 2-wire and 3-wire Serial EEPROMs. The kit
includes everything necessary to read, write, erase or
program special features of any Microchip SEEPROM
product including Smart Serials and secure serials.
The Total Endurance Disk is included to aid in trade­off analysis and reliability calculations. The total kit can
significantly reduce time-to-market and result in an
optimized system.

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 77

PIC12CE67X

11.16 KEELOQ Evaluation and
Programming Tools

KEELOQ evaluation and programming tools support
Microchips HCS Secure Data Products. The HCS eval­uation kit includes an LCD display to show changing
codes, a decoder to decode transmissions, and a pro­gramming interface to program test transmitters.

DS40181B-page 78 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

TABLE 11-1: DEVELOPMENT TOOLS FROM MICROCHIP

PIC12CE67X

HCS200

HCS300

HCS301

24CXX

25CXX

93CXX

ü

ü

ü ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

PIC12C5XX PIC14000 PIC16C5X PIC16CXXX PIC16C6X PIC16C7XX PIC16C8X PIC16C9XX PIC17C4X PIC17C7XX

ü ü ü ü ü ü

ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü

MPLAB™-ICE

ICEPIC Low-Cost

In-Circuit Emulator

ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü

MPLAB

Integrated

Development

Environment

MPLAB C17*

Emulator Products

Compiler

ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü

-MP



TECH

Explorer/Edition

Fuzzy Logic

fuzzy

Dev. Tool

Software Tools

ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü

Plus



Total Endurance

Software Model

PICSTART

Low-Cost

ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü

II



Universal Dev. Kit



PRO MATE

KEELOQ

Universal

Programmer

Programmers

Programmer

ü ü



SEEVAL

Designers Kit

SIMICE

ü ü

ü ü ü ü

ü

PICDEM-14A

PICDEM-1

PICDEM-2

PICDEM-3

®

EELOQ

EELOQ

K

Evaluation Kit

K

Demo Boards

Transponder Kit

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 79

PIC12CE67X

NOTES:

DS40181B-page 80 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

12.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR PIC12CE67X

Absolute Maximum Ratings †

Ambient temperature under bias............................................................................................................. .–40° to +125°C

Storage temperature............................................................................................................................. –65°C to +150°C

Voltage on any pin with respect to V
Voltage on V
Voltage on MCLR

Total power dissipation (Note 1)...........................................................................................................................700 mW

Maximum current out of V
Maximum current into V
Input clamp current, I
Output clamp current, I

Maximum output current sunk by any I/O pin..........................................................................................................25 mA

Maximum output current sourced by any I/O pin ....................................................................................................25 mA

Maximum current sunk by GPIO pins combined...................................................................................................100 mA

Maximum current sourced by GPIO pins combined..............................................................................................100 mA

Note 1: Power dissipation is calculated as follows: Pdis = V

† NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the
device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions abo v e those
indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.

DD with respect to VSS ................................................................................................................ 0 to +7.0V

with respect to VSS (Note 2)..................................................................................................0 to +14V

SS pin ...........................................................................................................................150 mA

DD pin..............................................................................................................................125 mA

IK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD).....................................................................................................................± 20 mA

OK (VO < 0 or VO > VDD).............................................................................................................± 20 mA

SS (except VDD and MCLR)...................................................–0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)

DD x {IDD - ∑ IOH} + ∑ {(VDD - VOH) x IOH} + ∑(VOl x IOL).

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 81

PIC12CE67X

TABLE 12-1: CROSS REFERENCE OF DEVICE SPECS FOR OSCILLATOR CONFIGURATIONS

AND FREQUENCIES OF OPERATION (COMMERCIAL DEVICES)

PIC12CE673/JW

PIC12CE674/JW

VDD: 3.0V to 5.5V

IPD: 21 µA max. at 4V

Freq: 4 MHz max.

IDD: 5 mA max. at 5.5V

PIC12LCE673-04

PIC12LCE674-04

IPD: 0.9 µA typ. at 2.5V

VDD: 2.5V to 5.5V

Freq: 4 MHz max.

IDD: 2.0 mA typ. at 2.5V

PIC12CE673-10

PIC12CE674-10

IPD: 1.5 µA typ. at 4V

Freq: 4 MHz max.

VDD: 3.0V to 5.5V

IDD: 2.7 mA typ. at 5.5V

VDD: 3.0V to 5.5V

IPD: 21 µA max. at 4V

Freq: 4 MHz max.

IDD: 5 mA max. at 5.5V

IPD: 0.9 µA typ. at 2.5V

VDD: 2.5V to 5.5V

VDD: 3.0V to 5.5V

IDD: 2.0 mA typ. at 2.5V

IPD: 1.5 µA typ. at 4V

IDD: 2.7 mA typ. at 5.5V

Freq: 4 MHz max.

Freq: 4 MHz max.

VDD: 3.0V to 5.5V

IPD: 21 µA max. at 4V

Freq: 4 MHz max.

IDD: 5 mA max. at 5.5V

IPD: 0.9 µA typ. at 2.5V

VDD: 2.5V to 5.5V

VDD: 3.0V to 5.5V

IDD: 2.0 mA typ. at 2.5V

IPD: 1.5 µA typ. at 4V

IDD: 2.7 mA typ. at 5.5V

Freq: 4 MHz max.

Freq: 4 MHz max.

VDD: 3.0V to 5.5V

N/A

VDD: 3.0V to 5.5V

IPD: 5.0 µA max. at 2.5V

Freq: 200 kHz max.

IDD: 48 µA max. at 32 kHz, 2.5V

VDD: 2.5V to 5.5V

IDD: 48 µA max. at 32 kHz, 2.5V

IPD: 5.0 µA max. at 2.5V

Freq: 200 kHz max.

N/A

PIC12CE673-04

PIC12CE674-04

IDD: 5 mA max. at 5.5V

IPD: 21 µA max. at 4V

OSC

DS40181B-page 82 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

INTRC

IDD: 5 mA max. at 5.5V

VDD: 3.0V to 5.5V

Freq: 4 MHz max.

VDD: 3.0V to 5.5V

Freq: 4 MHz max.

IPD: 21 µA max. at 4V

EXTRC

VDD: 3.0V to 5.5V

IDD: 5 mA max. at 5.5V

IPD: 21 µA max. at 4V

XT

Freq: 4 MHz max.

VDD: 4.5V to 5.5V VDD: 4.5V to 5.5V

IDD: 13.5 mA typ. at 5.5V IDD: 30 mA max. at 5.5V IDD: 30 mA max. at 5.5V

IPD: 1.5 µA typ. at 4.5V IPD: 1.5 µA typ. at 4.5V IPD: 1.5 µA typ. at 4.5V

HS

Freq: 4 MHz max. Freq: 10 MHz max. Freq: 10 MHz max.

Freq: 200 kHz max.

VDD: 3.0V to 5.5V

IDD: 52.5 µA typ. at 32 kHz, 4.0V

IPD: 0.9 µA typ. at 4.0V

LP

The shaded sections indicate oscillator selections which are tested for functionality, but not for MIN/MAX specifications. It is recommended that the user

select the device type that ensures the specifications required.

PIC12CE67X

12.1 DC Characteristics: PIC12CE673-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended
PIC12CE673-10 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended
PIC12CE674-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended
PIC12CE674-10 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended

DC CHARACTERISTICS

Parm

Characteristic Sym Min Typ† Max Units Conditions

No.

D001

Supply Voltage V

D001A
D002 RAM Data Retention

Voltage (Note 1)

D003 V

DD start voltage to

ensure internal Power-on
Reset signal

D004 V

DD rise rate to ensure inter-

nal Power-on Reset signal

D010

Supply Current (Note 2)
No read/write to EEPROM
peripheral

D010A
D013

D028 ∆I

EE 0.1 0.2 VDD = 5.5V

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified)

Operating temperature 0˚C ≤ T

–40˚C ≤ T
–40°C ≤ T

DD 3.0

--5.5

XT, INTRC, EXTRC and LP osc configura-

A ≤ +70˚C (commercial)

A ≤ +85˚C (industrial)

A ≤ +125˚C (extended)

tion

4.5

V

DR - 1.5 - V Device in SLEEP mode

5.5VV

HS osc configuration

VPORVSS - VSS V See section on Power-on Reset for details

SVDD0.05 - - V/ms See section on Power-on Reset for details

DD -

I

2.7

3.3

mA

XT, EXTRC osc configuration
(PIC12CE67X-04)
F

OSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5V (Note 4)

2.7

3.3

-

TBD

15

INTRC osc configuration

mA

F

OSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5V (Note 6)

HS osc configuration (PIC12CE67X-10)

mA

F

OSC = 10 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

SCL = 400 kHz

(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)

)
)
)
)

D020
D021
D021A
D021B

Power-down Current (Note 3) I

PD -

-

-

-

5.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

32
16
14

TBD

DD = 4.0V, WDT enabled, –40°C to +85°C

µA

V

DD = 4.0V, WDT disabled, 0°C to +70°C

µA

V

DD = 4.0V, WDT disabled, –40°C to

µA

+85°C
V

DD = 4.0V, WDT disabled, –40°C to

V

µA

+125°C

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25˚C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

Note 1: This is the limit to which V

DD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data.

2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin

loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an
impact on the current consumption.
The test conditions for all I
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail to rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to V
MCLR

= VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.

DD measurements in active operation mode are:

DD

3: The power-down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is

measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to V

DD and VSS.

4: For EXTRC osc configuration, current through Rext is not included. The current through the resistor can be

estimated by the formula Ir = V

DD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kOhm.

5: Extended operating range is Advance Information for this device.
6: INTRC calibration value is for 4 MHz nominal at 5V, 35°C.

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 83

PIC12CE67X

12.2 DC Characteristics: PIC12LCE673-04 (Commercial, Industrial)
PIC12LCE674-04 (Commercial, Industrial)

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified)

DC CHARACTERISTICS

Param

Characteristic Sym Min Typ† Max Units Conditions

No.

D001 Supply Voltage V

D002* RAM Data Retention

Voltage (Note 1)

D003 V

DD start voltage to

ensure internal
Power-on Reset
signal

D004* V

DD rise rate to

ensure internal
Power-on Reset
signal

D010

Supply Current
(Note 2)

D010B
D010A

D020
D021

Power-down Current
(Note 3)

D021A

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25˚C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

Note 1: This is the limit to which V

2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin

loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an
impact on the current consumption.
The test conditions for all I
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail to rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to V
MCLR

= VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.

3: The power-down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is

measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to V

4: For EXTRC osc configuration, current through Rext is not included. The current through the resistor can be

estimated by the formula Ir = V

5: INTRC calibration value is for 4 MHz nominal at 5V, 25°C.

Operating temperature 0˚C ≤ TA ≤ +70˚C (commercial)

–40˚C ≤ T

DD 2.5 - 5.5 V XT, INTRC, EXTRC and LP osc configuration

A ≤ +85˚C (industrial)

(DC - 4 MHz)

DR - TBD - V Device in SLEEP mode

V

V

POR - VSS - V See section on Power-on Reset for details

S

VDD TBD - - V/ms See section on Power-on Reset for details

XT, EXTRC osc configuration

I

DD -

TBD
TBD

­TBD

PD -

I

DD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data.

DD measurements in active operation mode are:

DD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kOhm.

TBD

-

TBD

-

TBD

TBD
TBD
TBD

mA

F

OSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 3.0V (Note 4)

mA

INTRC osc configuration
F

OSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 3.0V (Note 5)

µA

LP osc configuration
F

OSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled

µA

VDD = 3.0V, WDT enabled, –40°C to +85°C

µA

V

DD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, 0°C to +70°C

µA

V

DD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, –40°C to +85°C

DD

DD and VSS.

DS40181B-page 84 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

12.3 DC Characteristics: PIC12CE673-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended
PIC12CE673-10 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended
PIC12CE674-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended
PIC12CE674-10 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

)
)
)
)

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified)

DC CHARACTERISTICS

Operating temperature 0˚C ≤ T

–40˚C ≤ T
–40°C ≤ T

Operating voltage V

DD range as described in DC spec Section 12.1 and

A ≤ +70˚C (commercial)
A ≤ +85˚C (industrial)
A ≤ +125˚C (extended)

Section 12.2.

Param

Characteristic Sym Min Typ†Max Units Conditions

No.

Input Low Voltage

I/O ports V

IL

D030 with TTL buffer VSS - 0.5V V
D031 with Schmitt Trigger buffer V
D032 MCLR

, GP2/T0CKI/AN2/INT

SS - 0.2VDD V

VSS - 0.2VDD V

(in EXTRC mode)

D033 OSC1 (in XT, HS and LP) V

SS - 0.3VDD V Note1

Input High Voltage

I/O ports V
D040 with TTL buffer 2.0 - V
D040A 0.8V
D041 with Schmitt Trigger buffer 0.8V
D042 MCLR

, GP2/T0CKI/AN2/INT 0.8VDD - VDD V
D042A OSC1 (XT, HS and LP) 0.7V
D043 OSC1 (in EXTRC mode) 0.9V
D070 GPIO weak pull-up current I

IH -

DD V 4.5 ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V
DD - VDD V For VDD > 5.5V or VDD < 4.5V
DD - VDD V For entire VDD range

DD - VDD V Note1
DD - VDD V

PUR 50 250 400 µA VDD = 5V, VPIN = VSS

Input Leakage Current (Notes 2, 3)

D060 I/O ports I

IL - - +1 µA Vss ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD, Pin at hi-

impedance

D061 MCLR

, GP2/T0CKI - -

(5)

µA Vss ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD

5

+

D063 OSC1 - - +5 µA Vss ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD, XT, HS and LP

osc configuration

Output Low Voltage

D080 I/O ports/CLKOUT V

OL - - 0.6 V IOL = 8.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

–40°C to +85°C

D080A - - 0.6 V I

OL = 7.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

–40°C to +125°C

D083 OSC2 - - 0.6 V I

OL = 1.6 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

–40°C to +85°C

D083A - - 0.6 V I

OL = 1.2 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

–40°C to +125°C

† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

Note 1: In EXTRC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that

the PIC12C67X be driven with external clock in RC mode.

2: The leakage current on the MCLR

pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels

represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltages.

3: Negative current is defined as coming out of the pin.

4: Extended operating range is Advance Information for this device.

5: When configured as external reset, the input leakage current is the weak pulll-up current of -10mA minimum.

This pull-up is weaker than the standard I/O pull-up.

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 85

PIC12CE67X

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified)

Operating temperature 0˚C ≤ T

DC CHARACTERISTICS

Operating voltage V

–40˚C ≤ T
–40°C ≤ T

DD range as described in DC spec Section 12.1 and

Section 12.2.

Param

Characteristic Sym Min Typ†Max Units Conditions

No.

Output High Voltage

D090 I/O ports/CLKOUT (Note 3) V

D090A V

D092 OSC2 V

D092A V

OH VDD - 0.7 - - V IOH = -3.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

DD - 0.7 - - V IOH = -2.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

DD - 0.7 - - V IOH = -1.3 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

DD - 0.7 - - V IOH = -1.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

Capacitive Loading Specs on
Output Pins

D100 OSC2 pin C

D101 All I/O pins and OSC2 C

OSC2 - - 15 pF In XT, HS and LP modes when

IO - - 50 pF

† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

Note 1: In EXTRC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that

the PIC12C67X be driven with external clock in RC mode.

2: The leakage current on the MCLR

pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels

represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltages.

3: Negative current is defined as coming out of the pin.

4: Extended operating range is Advance Information for this device.

5: When configured as external reset, the input leakage current is the weak pulll-up current of -10mA minimum.

This pull-up is weaker than the standard I/O pull-up.

A ≤ +70˚C (commercial)
A ≤ +85˚C (industrial)
A ≤ +125˚C (extended)

–40°C to +85°C

–40°C to +125°C

–40°C to +85°C

–40°C to +125°C

external clock is used to drive
OSC1.

DS40181B-page 86 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

12.4 DC Characteristics: PIC12LCE671-04 (Commercial, Industrial)
PIC12LCE672-04 (Commercial, Industrial)

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified)

Operating temperature 0˚C ≤ T

DC CHARACTERISTICS

Operating voltage V

–40˚C ≤ T

DD range as described in DC spec Section 12.1 and

Section 12.2.

Param

Characteristic Sym Min Typ†Max Units Conditions

No.

Input Low Voltage

I/O ports V

IL

D030 with TTL buffer VSS - TBD V
D031 with Schmitt Trigger buffer V
D032 MCLR

, GP2/T0CKI/AN2/INT

SS - TBD V

VSS - TBD V

(in EXTRC mode)

D033 OSC1 (in XT, HS and LP) V

SS - TBD V Note1

Input High Voltage

I/O ports V
D040 with TTL buffer TBD - V
D040A TBD - V
D041 with Schmitt Trigger buffer TBD - V
D042 MCLR

, GP2/T0CKI/AN2/INT TBD - VDD V
D042A OSC1 (XT, HS and LP) TBD - V
D043 OSC1 (in EXTRC mode) TBD - V
D070 GPIO weak pull-up current I

IH -

DD V 4.5 ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V
DD V For VDD > 5.5V or VDD < 4.5V
DD V For entire VDD range

DD V Note1
DD V

PUR TBD TBD TBD µA VDD = 5V, VPIN = VSS

Input Leakage Current (Notes 2, 3)

D060 I/O ports I

D061 MCLR

, GP3 - TBD TBD µA Vss ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD

IL - TBD TBD µA Vss ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD, Pin at hi-

D063 OSC1 - TBD TBD µA Vss ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD, XT, HS and LP

Output Low Voltage

D080 I/O ports/CLKOUT V

OL - TBD 0.6 V IOL = TBD, VDD = 4.5V,

D080A - TBD 0.6 V I

D083 OSC2 - TBD 0.6 V I

D083A - TBD 0.6 V I

Output High Voltage

D090 I/O ports/CLKOUT (Note 3) V

D090A V

D092 OSC2 V

D092A V

OH VDD - 0.7 - - V IOH = TBD, VDD = 4.5V,

DD - 0.7 - - V IOH = TBD, VDD = 4.5V,

DD - 0.7 - - V IOH = TBD, VDD = 4.5V,

DD - 0.7 - - V IOH = TBD, VDD = 4.5V,

† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

Note 1: In EXTRC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that

the PIC12C67X be driven with external clock in RC mode.

2: The leakage current on the MCLR

pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels

represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltages.

3: Negative current is defined as coming out of the pin.

4: Extended operating range is Advance Information for this device.

A ≤ +70˚C (commercial)

A ≤ +85˚C (industrial)

impedance

osc configuration

–40°C to +85°C

OL = TBD, VDD = 4.5V,

–40°C to +125°C

OL = TBD, VDD = 4.5V,

–40°C to +85°C

OL = TBD, VDD = 4.5V,

–40°C to +125°C

–40°C to +85°C

–40°C to +125°C

–40°C to +85°C

–40°C to +125°C

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 87

PIC12CE67X

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified)

Operating temperature 0˚C ≤ T

DC CHARACTERISTICS

Operating voltage V
Section 12.2.

Param

No.

Capacitive Loading Specs on
Output Pins

D100 OSC2 pin C

D101 All I/O pins and OSC2 C

† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

Note 1: In EXTRC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that

the PIC12C67X be driven with external clock in RC mode.

2: The leakage current on the MCLR

represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltages.

3: Negative current is defined as coming out of the pin.

4: Extended operating range is Advance Information for this device.

Characteristic Sym Min Typ†Max Units Conditions

OSC2 - - 15 pF In XT, HS and LP modes when

IO - - 50 pF

pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels

–40˚C ≤ T

DD range as described in DC spec Section 12.1 and

A ≤ +70˚C (commercial)

A ≤ +85˚C (industrial)

external clock is used to drive
OSC1.

DS40181B-page 88 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

12.5 Timing Parameter Symbology

The timing parameter symbols have been created following one of the following formats:

1. TppS2ppS

2. TppS

CC:ST (I

3. T

4. Ts (I

T

F Frequency T Time
Lowercase letters (pp) and their meanings:

pp

cc CCP1 osc OSC1
ck CLKOUT rd RD
cs CS rw RD or WR
di SDI sc SCK
do SDO ss SS
dt Data in t0 T0CKI
io I/O port t1 T1CKI
mc MCLR

wr WR

Uppercase letters and their meanings:

S

F Fall P Period
H High R Rise
I Invalid (Hi-impedance) V Valid
L Low Z Hi-impedance

2

I

C only

AA output access High High
BUF Bus free Low Low

CC:ST (I

2

C specifications only)

T

CC

HD Hold SU Setup

ST

DAT DATA input hold STO STOP condition
STA START condition

2

C specifications only)

2

C specifications only)

FIGURE 12-1: LOAD CONDITIONS

Load condition 1

VDD/2

RL

L

Pin Pin

C

SS

V

RL = 464Ω

L = 50 pF for all pins except OSC2

C

15 pF for OSC2 output

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 89

Load condition 2

CL

VSS

PIC12CE67X

12.6 Timing Diagrams and Specifications
FIGURE 12-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

OSC1

1

CLKOUT

TABLE 12-2: CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS

3

2

3

4

4

Parameter

No.

1 Tosc External CLKIN Period

2 TCY Instruction Cycle Time (Note 1) 400 — DC ns TCY = 4/FOSC
3 TosL,

4 TosR,

Note 1: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time-base period. All specified values are based on

Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions

Fosc External CLKIN Frequency

(Note 1)

Oscillator Frequency

(Note 1)

(Note 1)

Oscillator Period

(Note 1)

External Clock in (OSC1) High

TosH

or Low Time

External Clock in (OSC1) Rise

TosF

or Fall Time

† Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not

tested.

characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the device ex ecuting code.
Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current con­sumption. All devices are tested to operate at "min." values with an external clock applied to the OSC1/CLKIN pin.
When an external clock input is used, the "Max." cycle time limit is "DC" (no clock) for all devices. OSC2 is disconnected
(has no loading) for the PIC12CE67X.

DC — 4 MHz XT and EXTRC osc mode
DC — 4 MHz HS osc mode (PIC12CE67X-04)
DC — 10 MHz HS osc mode (PIC12CE67X-10)
DC — 200 kHz LP osc mode
DC — 4 MHz EXTRC osc mode

.455 — 4 MHz XT osc mode

4 — 4 MHz HS osc mode (PIC12CE67X-04)
4 — 10 MHz HS osc mode (PIC12CE67X-10)

5 — 200 kHz LP osc mode
250 — — ns XT and EXTRC osc mode
250 — — ns HS osc mode (PIC12CE67X-04)
100 — — ns HS osc mode (PIC12CE67X-10)

5 — — µs LP osc mode
250 — — ns EXTRC osc mode
250 — 10,000 ns XT osc mode
250 — 250 ns HS osc mode (PIC12CE67X-04)
100 — 250 ns HS osc mode (PIC12CE67X-10)

5 — — µs LP osc mode

50 — — ns XT oscillator

2.5 — — µs LP oscillator
10 — — ns HS oscillator
— — 25 ns XT oscillator
— — 50 ns LP oscillator
— — 15 ns HS oscillator

DS40181B-page 90 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

TABLE 12-3: CALIBRATED INTERNAL RC FREQUENCIES - PIC12C508/C509

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ T

–40°C ≤ T
–40°C ≤ T

Operating Voltage V

DD range is described in Section 10.1

A ≤ +70°C (commercial),

A ≤ +85°C (industrial),
A ≤ +125°C (extended)

Parameter

No.

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Sym Characteristic Min*

Internal Calibrated RC Frequency TBD 4.00 TBD MHz VDD = 5.0V

Internal Calibrated RC Frequency

TBD 4.00 TBD MHz V

Typ

(1)

Max* Units Conditions

DD = 2.5V

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design

guidance only and are not tested.

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 91

PIC12CE67X

FIGURE 12-3: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING

OSC1

CLKOUT

I/O Pin
(input)

I/O Pin
(output)

Q4

10

13

old value

Note: Refer to Figure 12-1 for load conditions.

Q1

14

17

20, 21

19

Q2 Q3

18

15

11

12

16

new value

TABLE 12-4: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS

Parameter

No.

10* TosH2ckL OSC1↑ to CLKOUT↓ — 15 30 ns Note 1
11* TosH2ckH OSC1↑ to CLKOUT↑ — 15 30 ns Note 1
12* TckR CLKOUT rise time — 5 15 ns Note 1
13* TckF CLKOUT fall time — 5 15 ns Note 1
14* TckL2ioV CLKOUT ↓ to Port out valid — — 0.5TCY + 20 ns Note 1
15* TioV2ckH Port in valid before CLKOUT ↑ 0.25TCY + 25 — — ns Note 1
16* TckH2ioI Port in hold after CLKOUT ↑ 0 — — ns Note 1
17* TosH2ioV OSC1↑ (Q1 cycle) to

18* TosH2ioI OSC1↑ (Q2 cycle) to

19* TioV2osH Port input valid to OSC1↑ (I/O in setup time) TBD — — ns
20* TioR Port output rise time PIC12CE67X — 10 25 ns

21* TioF Port output fall time PIC12CE67X — 10 25 ns
22††* Tinp INT pin high or low time 20 — — ns
23††* Trbp GPIO change INT high or low time 20 — — ns

Note 1: Measurements are taken in EXTRC and INTRC modes where CLKOUT output is 4 x T

Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions

— — 80 - 100 ns

Port out valid

TBD — — ns

Port input invalid (I/O in hold time)

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not

tested.

†† These parameters are asynchronous events not related to any internal clock edges.

OSC.

DS40181B-page 92 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

FIGURE 12-4: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER, AND POWER-UP

TIMER TIMING

VDD

MCLR

34

30

36

31

34

Internal

POR

PWRT

Timeout

OSC

Timeout

Internal

RESET

Watchdog

Timer

RESET

I/O Pins

33

32

TABLE 12-5: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER, POWER-UP TIMER

Parameter

No.

30 TmcL MCLR

31* Twdt Watchdog Timer Time-out Period

32 Tost Oscillation Start-up Timer Period — 1024TOSC — — TOSC = OSC1 period

33* Tpwrt Power up Timer Period 28 72 132 ms VDD = 5V, –40˚C to +125˚C

34 TIOZ I/O Hi-impedance from MCLR Low

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not

Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions

Pulse Width (low) 2 — — µs VDD = 5V, –40˚C to +125˚C

7 18 33 ms VDD = 5V, –40˚C to +125˚C

(No Prescaler)

— — 2.1 µs

or Watchdog Timer Reset

tested.

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 93

PIC12CE67X

FIGURE 12-5: TIMER0 CLOCK TIMINGS

GP2/T0CKI

40

41

42

TMR0

Note: Refer to Figure 12-1 for load conditions.

TABLE 12-6: TIMER0 CLOCK REQUIREMENTS

Param

No.

40

41 Tt0L T0CKI Low Pulse Width No Prescaler 0.5TCY + 20* — — ns

42 Tt0P T0CKI Period Greater of:

48 Tcke2tmrI Delay from external clock edge to timer increment 2Tosc — 7Tosc —

Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions

Tt0H T0CKI High Pulse Width No Prescaler 0.5TCY + 20* — — ns

With Prescaler 10* — — ns

With Prescaler 10* — — ns

— — ns N = prescale value
20µs or TCY + 40*
N

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not

tested.

(1, 2, 4,..., 256)

TABLE 12-7: GPIO PULL-UP RESISTOR RANGES

VDD (Volts) Temperature (°C) Min Typ Max Units

GP0/GP1

2.5 –40 38K 42K 63K Ω
25 42K 48K 63K Ω
85 42K 49K 63K Ω

125 50K 55K 63K Ω

5.5 –40 15K 17K 20K Ω
25 18K 20K 23K Ω
85 19K 22K 25K Ω

125 22K 24K 28K Ω

GP3

2.5 –40 285K 346K 417K Ω
25 343K 414K 532K Ω
85 368K 457K 532K Ω

125 431K 504K 593K Ω

5.5 –40 247K 292K 360K Ω
25 288K 341K 437K Ω
85 306K 371K 448K Ω

125 351K 407K 500K Ω

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

DS40181B-page 94 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

TABLE 12-8: A/D CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS:

PIC12CE673-04 (COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, EXTENDED
PIC12CE673-10 (COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, EXTENDED
PIC12CE674-04 (COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, EXTENDED
PIC12CE674-10 (COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, EXTENDED

Parameter

No.

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not

Note 1: When A/D is off, it will not consume any current other than minor leakage current. The power-down current spec includes

2: VREF current is from GP1 pin or VDD pin, whichever is selected as reference input.
3: Extended operating range is Advance Information for this device.
4: These specifications apply if VREF = 3.0V and if VDD ≥ 3.0V. VIN must be between VSS and VREF

5: When using external VREF , VDD must be greater than 3V for +1 LSB accuracy. If VDD is less than 3V, you must

Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions

NR Resolution — — 8-bits — VREF = VDD = 5.12V, VSS ≤ AIN ≤ VREF

NINT Integral error — — less than

±1 LSb

NDIF Differential error — — less than

±1 LSb

NFS Full scale error — — less than

±1 LSb

NOFF Offset error — — less than

±1 LSb

— Monotonicity — Typ — — VSS ≤ AIN ≤ VREF

VREF Reference voltage 3.0V — VDD + 0.3 V

VAIN Analog input voltage VSS - 0.3 — VREF + 0.3 V
ZAIN Recommended

impedance of analog
voltage source

IAD A/D conversion cur-

rent (VDD)

IREF VREF input current

(Note 2)

tested.

any such leakage from the A/D module.

use internal V

REF for +1 LSB.

— — 10.0 kΩ

— 180 — µA Average current consumption when

— — 1

10

— VREF = VDD = 5.12V, VSS ≤ AIN ≤ VREF

— VREF = VDD = 5.12V, VSS ≤ AIN ≤ VREF

— VREF = VDD = 5.12V, VSS ≤ AIN ≤ VREF

— VREF = VDD = 5.12V, VSS ≤ AIN ≤ VREF

mAµADuring sampling

(3)

)

(3)

)

(3)

)

(3)

)

(Notes 4,5)

(Notes 4,5)

(Notes 4,5)

(Notes 4,5)

(Notes 4,5)

A/D is on. (Note 1)

All other times

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 95

PIC12CE67X

TABLE 12-9: A/D CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS:

PIC12LCE673-04 (COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL)
PIC12LCE674-04 (COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL)

Parameter

No.

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not

Note 1: These specifications apply if V

2: When A/D is off, it will not consume any current other than minor leakage current. The power-down current spec includes

3: VREF current is from GP1 pin or VDD pin, whichever is selected as reference input.

Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions

NR Resolution — — 8-bits — VREF = VDD = 3.0V (Notes 1,4)

NINT Integral error — — less than

±1 LSb

NDIF Differential error — — less than

±1 LSb

NFS Full scale error — — less than

±1 LSb

NOFF Offset error — — less than

±1 LSb

— Monotonicity — Typ — — VSS ≤ AIN ≤ VREF

VREF Reference voltage TBD — VDD + 0.3 V

VAIN Analog input voltage VSS - 0.3 — VREF + 0.3 V

ZAIN Recommended

impedance of ana­log voltage source

IAD A/D conversion cur-

rent (VDD)

IREF VREF input current

(Note 3)

tested.

REF = 3.0V and if VDD ≥ 3.0V. VIN must be between VSS and VREF

any such leakage from the A/D module.

— — 10.0 kΩ

— TBD — µA Average current consumption when

— — TBD

TBD

— VREF = VDD = 3.0V (Notes 1,4)

— VREF = VDD = 3.0V (Notes 1,4)

— VREF = VDD = 3.0V (Notes 1,4)

— VREF = VDD = 3.0V (Notes 1,4)

A/D is on. (Note 2)

mAµADuring sampling

All other times

4: When using external VREF, VDD must be greater than 3V for +1 LSB accuracy. If VDD is less than 3V, you

must use internal V

REF for +1 LSB.

DS40181B-page 96 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 12-6: A/D CONVERSION TIMING

PIC12CE67X

BSF ADCON0, GO

Q4

A/D CLK

A/D DATA

ADRES

ADIF

GO

SAMPLE

132

(1)

OSC/2)

(T

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

OLD_DATA

131

130

SAMPLING STOPPED

1 Tcy

NEW_DATA

DONE

Note 1: If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This allows the

SLEEP instruction to be executed.

TABLE 12-10: A/D CONVERSION REQUIREMENTS

Parameter

No.

130 TAD A/D clock period 1.6

130 TAD A/D Internal RC

131 TCNV Conversion time

132 TACQ Acquisition time Note 2 20 — µs

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not

Note 1: ADRES register may be read on the following TCY cycle.

Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions

2.0

—
—

µsµsVREF ≥ 3.0V

VREF full range
ADCS1:ADCS0 = 11

Oscillator source

3.0 6.0 9.0 µs

(RC oscillator source)
PIC12LCE67X, V

2.0 4.0 6.0 µs PIC12CE67X
— 9.5TAD — —

(not including S/H
time). Note 1

tested.

DD = 3.0V

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 97

PIC12CE67X

NOTES:

DS40181B-page 98 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC12CE67X

13.0 DC AND AC CHARACTERISTICS - PIC12CE67X

The graphs and tables provided in this section are f or design guidance and are not tested. In some graphs or tables the
data presented are outside specified operating range (e.g., outside specified V
and devices will operate properly only within the specified range.

The data presented in this section is a statistical summary of data collected on units from different lots over a period of
time. “Typical” represents the mean of the distribution while “max” or “min” represents (mean + 3σ) and (mean – 3σ)
respectively, where σ is standard deviation.

FIGURE 13-1: CALIBRATED INTERNAL RC FREQUENCY RANGE VS. TEMPERATURE (VDD = 5.0V)

(INTERNAL RC IS CALIBRATED TO 25°C, 5.0V)

TO BE DETERMINED

DD range). This is for information only

FIGURE 13-2: CALIBRATED INTERNAL RC FREQUENCY RANGE VS. TEMPERATURE (V

(INTERNAL RC IS CALIBRATED TO 25°C, 5.0V)

TO BE DETERMINED

DD = 3.0V)

 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40181B-page 99

PIC12CE67X

TABLE 13-1: DYNAMIC IDD (TYPICAL) - WDT ENABLED, 25°C

Oscillator Frequency VDD = 2.5V VDD = 5.5V

External RC 4 MHz TBD µA* 620 µA*
Internal RC 4 MHz TBD µA 1.1 mA
XT 4 MHz TBD µA 775 µA
LP 32 KHz TBD µA 37 µA
*Does not include current through external R&C.

FIGURE 13-3: WDT TIMER TIME-OUT PERIOD vs. VDD

50

45

40

35

30

25

WDT period (µs)

20

15

10

5

2 3 4 5 6 7

V

DD (Volts)

Max +125°C

Max +85°C

Typ +25°C

MIn –40°C

DS40181B-page 100 Preliminary  1998 Microchip Technology Inc.