2.0 MHz, 500 mA Synchronous Buck Regulator
with Power-Good
Features
• Over 90% Typical Efficiency
• Output Current: Up To 500 mA
• Power-Good Output with 262 ms Delay
• Low Quiescent Current: 45 µA (typical)
• Low Shutdown Current: 0.05 µA (typical)
• Automatic PWM to PFM Mode Transition
• Adjustable Output Voltage:
- 0.8V to 4.5V
• Fixed Output Voltage:
- 1.2V, 1.5V, 1.8V, 2.5V, and 3.3V
• 2.0 MHz Fixed-Frequency PWM (Heavy Load)
• Internally Compensated
• Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
• Overtemperture Protection
• Overcurrent Protection
• Space Saving Packages:
- 8-Lead MSOP
- 8-Lead 3x3 DFN
Applications
• Cellular Telephones
• Portable Computers
• Organizers / PDAs
• USB Powered Devices
• Digital Cameras
• Portable Equipment
• +5V or +3.3V Distributed Systems
General Description
The MCP1602 is a high efficient, fully integrated
500 mA synchronous buck regulator with a powergood monitor. The 2.7V to 5.5V input voltage range and
low quiescent current (45 µA, typical) makes the
MCP1602 ideally suited for applications powered from
1-cell Li-Ion or 2-cell/3-cell NiMH/NiCd batteries.
At heavy loads, the MCP1602 operates in the 2.0 MHz
fixed frequency PWM mode which provides a low
noise, low output ripple, small-size solution. When the
load is reduced to light levels, the MCP1602
automatically changes operation to a PFM mode to
minimize quiescent current draw from the battery. No
intervention is necessary for a smooth transition from
one mode to another. These two modes of operation
allow the MCP1602 to achieve the highest efficiency
over the entire operating current range.
The open-drain power-good feature of the MCP1602
monitors the output voltage and provides indication
when the output voltage is within 94% (typical) of the
regulation value. The typical 2% hystereses in the
power-good transition threshold as well as a
262 ms (typical) delay time ensures accurate powergood signaling.
The MCP1602 is available in either the 8-pin DFN or
MSOP package. It is also available with either an
adjustable or fixed output voltage. The available fixed
output voltage options are 1.2V, 1.5V, 1.8V, 2.5V, and
3.3V.
Additional protection features include: UVLO,
............................................. -0.3V to (VIN + 0.3V)
GND
- 0.3V) to (VIN + 0.3V)
GND
o
C to +150oC
o
C to +85oC
o
C to +125oC
† Notice: Stresses above those listed under "Maximum
Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is
a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at
those or any other conditions above those indicated in the
operational sections of this specification is not intended.
Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods
may affect device reliability.
DC CHARACTERISTICS
Electrical Characteristics: Unless otherwise indicated, VIN = 3.6V, C
(ADJ) = 1.8V, I
V
OUT
= 100 mA, TA = +25°C. Boldface specifications apply for the TA range of -40
OUT
ParametersSymMinTypMaxUnitsConditions
Input Characteristics
Input VoltageV
Maximum Output CurrentI
Shutdown CurrentI
Range
Reference Feedback VoltageV
Feedback Input Bias CurrentI
Note 1: The minimum V
has to meet two conditions: VIN ≥ 2.7V and VIN ≥ V
IN
FB
VFB
—0.8— V
—-1.5—nA
2: Reference Feedback Voltage Tolerance applies to adjustable output voltage setting.
is the output voltage setting.
3: V
R
4: Regulation is measured at a constant junction temperature using low duty cycle pulse testing. Load
regulation is tested over a load range of 0.1 mA to the maximum specified output current. Changes in
output voltage due to heating effects are covered by the thermal regulation specification.
5: The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of ambient temperature, the maximum allowable
temperature and the thermal resistance from junction to air (i.e. T
allowable power dissipation causes the device to initiate thermal shutdown.
6: The internal MOSFET switches have an integral diode from the L
to the GND pin. In cases where these diodes are forward-biased, the package power dissipation limits
must be adhered too. Thermal protection is not able to limit the junction temperature for these cases.
7: The current limit threshold is a cycle-by-cycle current limit.
Electrical Characteristics: Unless otherwise indicated, VIN = 3.6V, C
V
(ADJ) = 1.8V, I
OUT
= 100 mA, TA = +25°C. Boldface specifications apply for the TA range of -40
OUT
ParametersSymMinTypMaxUnitsConditions
Output Voltage Tolerance FixedV
Line RegulationV
Load RegulationV
Internal Oscillator FrequencyF
Start Up TimeT
R
P-ChannelR
DSon
R
N-ChannelR
DSon
L
Pin Leakage CurrentI
X
Positive Current Limit Threshold +I
LX(MAX)
OUT
LINE-
REG
LOAD-
REG
OSC
SS
DSon-P
DSon-N
LX
-2.5V
+2.5%Note 3
R
—0.3—%/VVIN = VR + 1V to 5.5V,
—0.4— %VIN=VR+1.5V,
1.62.02.4MHz
—0.5— msTR= 10% to 90%
—450—mΩIP=100mA
—450—mΩIN= 100 mA
-1.0±0.011.0µASHDN =0V, VIN= 5.5V, LX=0V,
—700—mANote 7
Power-Good (PG)
Voltage RangeV
PG Threshold HighV
PG Threshold LowV
PG Threshold HysteresisV
TH_HYS
PG
TH_H
TH_L
1.0
1.2
—5.5
5.5
—9496% of
8992—% of
—2—% of
PG Threshold TempcoΔVTH/ΔT— 30 —ppm/°C
PG Delayt
PG Active Time-out Periodt
RPD
RPU
PG Output Voltage LowPG_V
Note 1: The minimum V
has to meet two conditions: VIN ≥ 2.7V and VIN ≥ V
IN
—165—µsV
140262560msV
——0.2VV
OL
2: Reference Feedback Voltage Tolerance applies to adjustable output voltage setting.
is the output voltage setting.
3: V
R
4: Regulation is measured at a constant junction temperature using low duty cycle pulse testing. Load
regulation is tested over a load range of 0.1 mA to the maximum specified output current. Changes in
output voltage due to heating effects are covered by the thermal regulation specification.
5: The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of ambient temperature, the maximum allowable
temperature and the thermal resistance from junction to air (i.e. T
allowable power dissipation causes the device to initiate thermal shutdown.
6: The internal MOSFET switches have an integral diode from the L
to the GND pin. In cases where these diodes are forward-biased, the package power dissipation limits
must be adhered too. Thermal protection is not able to limit the junction temperature for these cases.
7: The current limit threshold is a cycle-by-cycle current limit.
Note:The graphs and tables provided following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of
samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein are
not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presente d may be outside the specified
operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore outside the warranted range.
Note: Unless otherwise indicated, VIN= SHDN =3.6V, C
T
= +25°C. Adjustable or fixed output voltage options can be used to generate the Typical Performance Characteristics.
The descriptions of the pins are listed in Table 3-1.
TABLE 3-1:PIN FUNCTION TABLE
MSOPDFNSymDescription
MCP1602
11SHDN
22VCCAnalog Input Supply Voltage Pin
33PGPower Good Output Pin
44A
55V
66VINInput Supply Voltage Pin
77LXBuck Inductor Output Pin
88P
—Exposed
Pad
GND
FB/VOUT
GND
EPFor the DFN package, the center exposed pad is a thermal path to remove
Shutdown Input Pin
Analog Ground Pin
Feedback Voltage (Adjustable Version) / Output Voltage (Fixed V ersion) Pin
Power Ground Pin
heat from the device. Electrically this pad is at ground potential and should
be connected to A
GND
3.1Shutdown Control Input Pin
(SHDN
The SHDN pin is a logic-level input used to enable or
disable the device. A logic high (>45% of VIN) will
enable the regulator output. A logic-low (<15% of V
will ensure that the regulator is disabled.
)
)
IN
3.2Analog Input Supply Voltage Pin
(V
)
CC
The VCC pin provides bias for internal analog functions.
This voltage is derived by filtering the VIN supply.
3.3Power-Good Output Pin (PG)
PG is an output level indicating that the output voltage
is within 94% of regulation. The PG output is configured
as an open-drain output.
3.4Analog Ground Pin (A
A
is the analog ground connection. Tie A
GND
analog portion of the ground plane (A
physical layout information in the Section 5.8 “PCBLayout Information” section for ground recommendations.
GND
GND
)
to the
GND
). See the
3.6Power Supply Input Voltage Pin
)
(V
IN
VIN is the buck regulator power input supply pin.
Connect a variable input voltage source to VIN.
3.7Buck Inductor Output Pin (LX)
Connect LX directly to the buck inductor. This pin
carries large signal-level current; all connections
should be made as short as possible.
3.8Power Ground Pin (P
Connect all large signal level ground returns to P
These large signal level ground traces should have a
small loop area and length to prevent coupling of
switching noise to sensitive traces.
GND
)
GND
3.9Exposed Metal Pad (EP)
For the DFN package, connect the Exposed Pad to
, with vias into the A
A
GND
the A
package.
plane will aid in heat removal from the
GND
plane. This connection to
GND
.
3.5Output Voltage Sense Pin (VFB/
V
)
OUT
For the adjustable output voltage options, connect the
center of the output voltage divider to the V
fixed-output voltage options, connect the output of the
buck regulator to this pin (V
The MCP1602 is a synchronous buck regulator with a
power-good signal. The device operates in a Pulse
Frequency Modulation (PFM) mode or a Pulse Width
Modulation (PWM) mode to maximize system
efficiency over the entire operating current range.
Capable of operating from a 2.7V to 5.5V input voltage
source, the MCP1602 can deliver 500 mA of
continuous output current.
When using the MCP1602, the PCB area required for
a complete step-down converter is minimized since
both the main P-Channel MOSFET and the synchronous N-Channel MOSFET are integrated. Also while in
PWM mode, the device switches at a constant
frequency of 2.0 MHz (typical) which allow for small filtering components. Both fixed and adjustable output
voltage options are available. The fixed voltage options
(1.2V , 1.5V, 1.8V , 2.5V , 3.3V) do not require an external
voltage divider which further reduces the required
circuit board footprint. The adjustable output voltage
options allow for more flexibility in the design, but
require an external voltage divider.
Additionally the device features undervoltage lockout
(UVLO), overtemperature shutdown, overcurrent
protection, and enable/disable control.
4.2Synchronous Buck Regulator
The MCP1602 has two distinct modes of operation that
allow the device to maintain a high level of efficiency
throughout the entire operating current and voltage
range. The device automatically switches between
PWM mode and PFM mode depending upon the output
load requirements.
4.2.1FIXED FREQUENCY, PWM MODE
During heavy load conditions, the MCP1602 operates
at a high, fixed switching frequency of 2.0 MHz (typical). This minimizes output ripple (10 - 15 mV typically)
and noise while maintaining high efficiency (88% typical with V
= 3.6V, V
IN
During normal PWM operation, the beginning of a
switching cycle occurs when the internal P-Channel
MOSFET is turned on. The ramping inductor current is
sensed and tied to one input of the internal high-speed
comparator. The other input to the high-speed comparator is the error amplifier output. This is the difference
between the internal 0.8V reference and the sensed
output voltage. When the sensed current becomes
equal to the amplified error signal, the high-speed
comparator switches states and the P-Channel
MOSFET is turned off. The N-Channel MOSFET is
turned on until the internal oscillator sets an internal RS
latch initiating the beginning of another switching cycle.
OUT
= 1.8V, I
OUT
= 300 mA).
PFM-to-PWM mode transition is initiated for any of the
following conditions:
• Continuous device switching
• Output voltage has dropped out of regulation
4.2.2LIGHT LOAD, PFM MODE
During light load conditions, the MCP1602 operates in
a PFM mode. When the MCP1602 enters this mode, it
begins to skip pulses to minimize unnecessary
quiescent current draw by reducing the number of
switching cycles per second. The typical quiescent
current draw for this device is 45 µA.
PWM-to-PFM mode transition is initiated for any of the
following conditions:
• Discontinuous inductor current is sensed for a set
duration
• Inductor peak current falls below the transition
threshold limit
4.3Power-Good (PG)
The open-drain power-good (PG) circuitry monitors the
regulated output voltage. A fixed delay time of
approximately 262 ms is generated once the output
voltage is above the power-good high threshold,
, (typically 94% of V
V
TH_H
falls below the power-good low threshold, V
(typically 92% of V
OUT
low state indicating that the output is out of regulation.
The PG circuitry has a typical 165 µs delay when
detecting a falling output voltage. This helps to
increase the noise immunity of the power-good output,
avoiding false triggering of the PG signal during line
and load transients.
The output of the MCP1602 is controlled during startup. This control allows for a very minimal amount of
overshoot during start-up from VIN rising above
V
OUT
the UVLO voltage or SHDN being enabled.
4.5Overtemperature Protection
Overtemperature protection circuitry is integrated in the
MCP1602. This circuitry monitors the device junction
temperature and shuts the device off if the junction temperature exceeds the typical 150
threshold is exceeded, the device will automatically
restart once the junction temperature drops by
approximately 10
overtemperture condition.
o
C. The soft start is reset during an
o
C threshold. If this
4.6Overcurrent Protection
Cycle-by-cycle current limiting is used to protect the
MCP1602 from being damaged when an external short
circuit is applied. The typical peak current limit is
700 mA. If the sensed current reaches the 700 mA
limit, the P-Channel MOSFET is turned off, even if the
output voltage is not in regulation. The device will
attempt to start a new switching cycle when the internal
oscillator sets the internal RS latch.
4.7Enable/Disable Control
The SHDN pin is used to enable or disable the
MCP1602. When the SHDN
device is disabled. When pulled high the device is
enabled and begins operation provided the input
voltage is not below the UVLO threshold or a fault
condition exists.
pin is pulled low, the
4.8Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
The UVLO feature uses a comparator to sense the
input voltage (V
than the voltage necessary to properly operate the
MCP1602, the UVLO feature will hold the converter off.
When V
UVLO is released and soft start begins. Hysteresis is
built into the UVLO circuit to compensate for input
impedance. For example, if there is any resistance
between the input voltage source and the device when
it is operating, there will be a voltage drop at the input
to the device equal to I
is 200 mV.
The MCP1602 synchronous buck regulator with powergood operates over a wide input voltage range
(2.7V to 5.5V) and is ideal for single-cell Li-Ion battery
powered applications, USB powered applications,
three cell NiMH or NiCd applications and 3V to 5V
regulated input applications.
5.2Fixed Output Voltage Applications
The Typical Application Circuit shows a fixed
MCP1602 in a typical application used to convert three
NiMH batteries into a well regulated 1.5V @ 500 mA
output. A 4.7 µF input and output capacitor, a 4.7 µH
inductor, and a small RC filter make up the entire
external component selection for this application. No
external voltage divider or compensation is necessary.
In addition to the fixed 1.5V option, the MCP1602 is
also available in 1.2V, 1.8V, 2.5V, or 3.3V fixed voltage
options.
5.3Adjustable Output Voltage
Applications
For adjustable output applications, an additional R-C
compensation network is necessary for control loop
stability. Recommended valu es for any output voltage
are:
= 4.99 kΩ
R
COMP
= 33 pF
C
COMP
Refer to Figure 6-2 for proper placement of R
C
.
COMP
COMP
and
5.4Input Capacitor Selection
The input current to a buck converter, when operating
in continuous conduction mode, is a squarewave with
a duty cycle defined by the output voltage (V
input voltage (VIN) relationship of V
undesirable input voltage transients, the input capacitor
should be a low ESR type with a RMS current rating
given by Equation 5-2. Because of their small size and
low ESR, ceramic capacitors are often used. Ceramic
material X5R or X7R are well suited since they have a
low temperature coefficient and acceptable ESR.
OUT/VIN
. To prevent
EQUATION 5-2:
OUT
) to
When the desired output for a particular application is
not covered by the fixed voltage options, an adjustable
MCP1602 can be used. The circuit listed in Figure 6-2
shows an adjustable MCP1602 being used to convert a
5V rail to 1.0V @ 500 mA. The output voltage is adjustable by using two external resistors as a voltage
divider. For adjustable output voltages, it is recommended that the top resistor divider value be 200 kΩ.
The bottom resistor value can be calculated using the
following equation.
EQUATION 5-1:
Table 5-1 contains the recommend range fo r the input
capacitor value.
5.5Output Capacitor Selection
The output capacitor helps provide a stable output
voltage during sudden load transients, smooths the
current that flows from the inductor to the load, and it
also reduces the output voltage ripple. Therefore, low
ESR capacitors are a desirable choice for the output
capacitor. As with the input capacitor, X5R and X7R
ceramic capacitors are well suited for this application.
The output ripple voltage is often a design specification. A buck converters’ output ripple voltage is a
function of the charging and discharging of the output
capacitor and the ESR of the capacitor. This ripple
voltage can be calculated by Equation 5-3.
Table 5-1 contains the recommend range for the output
capacitor value.
TABLE 5-1:CAPACITOR VALUE RANGE
C
IN
Minimum4.7 µF4.7 µF
Maximum—22 µF
C
OUT
5.6Inductor Selection
For most applications an inductor value of 4.7 µH is
recommended to achieve a good balance between
converter load transient response and minimized
noise. There are many different magnetic core
materials and package options to select from. That
decision is based on size, cost, and acceptable
radiated energy levels. Toroid and shielded ferrite pot
cores will have low radiated energy, but tend to be
larger and higher in cost.
The value of inductance is selected to achieve a
desired amount of ripple current. It is reasonable to
assume a ripple current that is 20% of the maximum
load current. The larger the amount of ripple current
allowed, the larger the output capa citor value become s
to meet ripple voltage specifications. The inductor
ripple current can be calculated according to
Equation 5-4.
EQUATION 5-4:
TABLE 5-2:MCP1602 RECOMMENDED
INDUCTORS (CONTINUED)
Part
Number
Wurth Elektronik®
WE-TPC
Type S
WE-TPC
Type S
WE-TPC
Type S
WE-TPC
Type M
WE-TPC
Type M
WE-TPC
Type M
Value
(µH)
3.60.0851.103.8x3.8x1.65
4.70.1050.903.8x3.8x1.65
6.80.1560.753.8x3.8x1.65
3.30.0651.804.8x4.8x1.8
4.70.0821.654.8x4.8x1.8
6.80.1001.254.8x4.8x1.8
DCR
Ω
(max)
I
SAT
(A)
Size
WxLxH (mm)
5.7Thermal Calculations
The MCP1602 is available in two different packages
(MSOP and 3x3 DFN). By calculating the power
dissipation and applying the package thermal
resistance, (θ
estimated. The maximum continuous junction
temperature rating for the MCP1602 is +125
To quickly estimate the internal pow er dissipation for
the switching buck regulator, an empirical calculation
using measured efficiency can be used. Given the
measured efficiency, the internal power dissipation is
estimated by:
), the junction temperature is
JA
o
C.
When considering inductor ratings, the maximum DC
current rating of the inductor should be at least equal to
the maximum load current, plus one half the peak-topeak inductor ripple current (1/2 * ΔI
resistance adds to the total converter power loss. An
inductor with a low DC resistance allows for higher
converter efficiency.
The difference between the first term, input power
dissipation, and the second term, power delivered, is
the internal power dissipation. This is an estimate
assuming that most of the power lost is internal to the
MCP1602. There is some percentage of power lost in
the buck inductor, with very little loss in the input and
output capacitors.
MCP1602
SHDN
V
CC
PG
A
GND
V
FB
V
IN
L
X
P
GND
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
ON
OFF
MCP1602
V
IN
2.7V to 4.5V
V
OUT
1.5V @ 500 mA
V
IN
R
PULLUP
4.7 µF
4.7 µH
4.7 µF
0.1 µF
10Ω
Processor
Reset
5.8PCB Layout Information
Good printed circuit board layout techniques are
important to any switching circuitry and switching
power supplies are no different. When wiring the high
current paths, short and wide traces should be used.
This high current path is shown with red connections in
Figure 5-1. Therefore, it is important that the
components along the high current path should be
placed as close as possible to the MCP1602 to
minimize the loop area.
The feedback resistors and feedback signal should be
routed away from the switching node and this switching
current loop. When possible ground planes and traces
should be used to help shield the feedback signal and
minimize noise and magnetic interference.
YYear code (last digit of calendar year)
YYYear code (last 2 digits of calendar year)
WWWeek code (week of January 1 is week ‘01’)
NNNAlphanumeric traceability code
Pb-free JEDEC designator for Matte Tin (Sn)
*This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator ()
can be found on the outer packaging for this package.
Note:In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will
be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available
characters for customer-specific information.
8-Lead Plastic Dual Flat, No Lead Package (MF) – 3x3x0.9 mm Body [DFN]
Notes:
1. Pin 1 visual index feature may vary, but must be located within the hatched area.
2. Package may have one or more exposed tie bars at ends.
3. Package is saw singulated.
4. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M.
BSC: Basic Dimension. Theoretically exact value shown without tolerances.
REF: Reference Dimension, usually without tolerance, for information purposes only.
Note:For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at
http://www.microchip.com/packaging
UnitsMILLIMETERS
Dimension LimitsMINNOMMAX
Number of PinsN8
Pitche0.65 BSC
Overall HeightA0.800.901.00
Standoff A10.000.020.05
Contact ThicknessA30.20 REF
Overall LengthD3.00 BSC
Exposed Pad WidthE20.00–1.60
Overall WidthE3.00 BSC
Exposed Pad LengthD20.00–2.40
Contact Widthb0.250.300.35
Contact LengthL0.200.300.55
Contact-to-Exposed PadK0.20––
8-Lead Plastic Micro Small Outline Package (MS) [MSOP]
Notes:
1. Pin 1 visual index feature may vary, but must be located within the hatched area.
2. Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.15 mm per side.
3. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M.
BSC: Basic Dimension. Theoretically exact value shown without tolerances.
REF: Reference Dimension, usually without tolerance, for information purposes only.
Note:For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at
http://www.microchip.com/packaging
UnitsMILLIMETERS
Dimension LimitsMINNOMMAX
Number of PinsN8
Pitche0.65 BSC
Overall HeightA––1.10
Molded Package ThicknessA20.750.850.95
Standoff A10.00–0.15
Overall WidthE4.90 BSC
Molded Package WidthE13.00 BSC
Overall LengthD3.00 BSC
Foot LengthL0.400.600.80
FootprintL10.95 REF
Foot Angleφ0°–8°
Lead Thicknessc0.08–0.23
Lead Widthb0.22–0.40
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Mode, Smart Serial, SmartTel, Total Endurance, UNI/O,
WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip
Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated
in the U.S.A.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.
Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide
headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and
T empe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California
and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures
are for its PIC
devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and
analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the desig n
and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.