Meyer LD-3 Operating Instructions Manual

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

LD-3 Air Attenuation Compensating Line Driver

Keep these important operating instructions.

Check www.meyersound.com for updates.

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY ACCORDING TO ISO/IEC GUIDE 22 AND EN 45014





European Office:
Meyer Sound Lab. GmbH
Carl Zeiss Strasse 13
56751 Polch, Germany

Made by Meyer Sound Laboratories
Berkeley, California USA

Manufacturer's Name:

Meyer Sound Laboratories Inc.

Manufacturer's Address:

2832 San Pablo Avenue
Berkeley, CA 94702-2204, USA

declares that the products
Product Name: LD-3 Line Driver
Product Options: All

conforms to the following Product Specications

Safety: EN 60065:1998
EMC: EN55103-1: 1997 emmission

EN55103-2: 1997 immunity

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2

This device complies with the requirements of the
Low Voltage Directive 73 / 23 / EEC and the
EMC Directive 89 / 336 / EEC.

This device also complies with EN 55103-1 & -2.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.

Supplementary Information

The product herewith complies with the requirements of the Low
Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC and the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC.

Ofce of Quality Manager
Berkeley, California USA
July 3, 2003

European Contact: Your local Meyer Sound dealer or Meyer Sound
Germany, GmbH. Carl Zeiss Strasse 13, 56751 Polch, Germany.
Telephone: [phone] Fax: [phone]

Environmental specications for Meyer Sound Electronics products

Operating temperature 0°C to +45°C
Non-operating temperature -40°C to +75°C
Humidity to 95% at 35°C
Operating altitude to 4600 m (15,000ft)
Non-operating altitude to 6300 m (25,000ft)
Shock 30 g 11 msec half-sine on each of
6 sides
Vibration 10 Hz to 55 Hz (0.010 peak-to-peak
excursion)

© 2003 Meyer Sound. All rights reserved.
LD-3 Operating Instructions

The contents of this manual are furnished for informational purposes only, are subject to change without notice, and should not be construed as a
commitment by Meyer Sound Laboratories Inc. Meyer Sound assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear
in this manual. Except as permitted by applicable copyright law, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from Meyer Sound.

Meyer Sound, Meyer Sound MAPP Online, SIM and QuickFly are registered trademarks of Meyer Sound Laboratories Inc. (Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm.
Off.). All third-party trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective trademark holders.

Printed in the U.S.A.

Part Number: 05.118.040.01 B

ii

SYMBOLS USED

!

These symbols indicate important safety or operating features in this booklet and on the chassis:

Dangerous voltages: risk of

electric shock

Pour indiquer les risques

résultant de tensions

dangereuses

Zu die gefahren von

gefährliche spanning zeigen

Para indicar voltajes

peligrosos.

Important operating

instructions

Pour indequer important

instructions

Zu wichtige betriebs-

anweisung und unter-

haltsanweisung zeigen

Instrucciones importantes

de funcionamiento y/o

manteniento

IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

1. Read these instructions.

2. Keep these instructions.

3. Heed all warnings.

4. Follow all instructions.

5. Do not use this apparatus near water.

6. Clean only with dry cloth.

7. Do not block any ventilation openings. Install
in accordance with Meyer Sound's installation
instructions.

8. Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators,
heat registers, stoves, or other apparatus that produce
heat.

9. Do not defeat the safety purpose of the grounding­type plug. A grounding-type plug has two blades and
a third grounding prong. The third prong is provided
for your safety. If the provided plug does not t into
your outlet, consult an electrician for replacement of
the obsolete outlet.

Frame or chassis Protective earth ground

Masse, châssis Terre de protection

Rahmen oder chassis Die schutzerde

Armadura o chassis Tierra proteccionista

11. Only use attachments/accessories specied by Meyer
Sound.

12. Use only with the caster rails or rigging specied by
Meyer Sound, or sold with the apparatus. Handles are
for carrying only.

13. Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when
unused for long periods of time.

14. Refer all servicing to qualied service personnel.
Servicing is required when the apparatus has been
damaged in any way, such as the power-supply cord
or plug is damaged, liquid has been spilled or objects
have fallen into the apparatus, the apparatus has
been exposed to rain or moisture, does not operate
normally, or has been dropped.

10. Protect the power cord from being walked on
or pinched particularly at plugs, convenience
receptacles, and the point where they exit from the
apparatus. The AC mains plug or appliance coupler
shall remain readily accessible for operation.

iii

iv

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 1

How to use this manual 1
Introducing The LD-3 Air Attenuation Compensating Line driver 1

CHAPTER 1: AC Power Requirements 3

CHAPTER 2: Audio and System Controls 5

Audio Input 5
Atmospheric Correction 5

Temperature 6
Altitude 6
Relative Humidity 6

Array Correction 6

Array Type 7

Array Size 7
The Enter Button 7
Master Input Channels A and B 8
Channels 1-3 (A and B) Outputs 8

Distance Control 9

Insert Switch 10

Insert Inputs 10

Send Outputs 10
Subs A and B 10

Insert Switch 11

Insert Inputs 11

CHAPTER 3: System Design, Integration, and Optimization 13

Example Design Congurations 13
Meyer Sound MAPP Online® 13
Loudspeaker/Subwoofer Integration 14
SIM® Measurement System 15

Source Independent Measurement Technique 15

Applications 15

Appendix A: Specications 17

Appendix B: Example Congurations 19

Appendix C: Signal Flow Diagram 22

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INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL

As you read this manual, you’ll nd gures and diagrams
to help you understand and visualize what you’re reading.
You’ll also nd numerous icons that serve as cues to ag
important information or warn you against improper or
potentially harmful activities. These icons include:

A NOTE identies an important or useful
piece of information relating to the topic

under discussion.

A TIP offers a helpful tip relevant to the topic
at hand.

A CAUTION gives notice that an action can

have serious consequences and could cause
harm to equipment or personnel, delays, or other
problems.

By utilizing multiple-variable atmospheric loss equations
and pre-calculated Meyer Sound MAPP Online® (for more
information, see Chapter 3) stored values, the LD-3 delivers
results quickly and efciently. Its high-quality, digitally­controlled analog lters provide the best of both worlds:
the low latency and wide dynamic range of analog and
the nimble, precise, repeatable results of digital. The LD-3
corrects frequency response up to 16 kHz at a resolution
down to 1 dB.

Figures i.2, i.3, and i.4 are example frequency attenuation
curves for three different temperatures with a xed distance
of 100 meters, at seven values for relative humidity.
Depending on the atmospheric conditions and the distance
the array is throwing, the number of possible correction
combinations is staggering – and achievable with the LD-3.

INTRODUCING THE LD-3 AIR ATTENUATION COMPENSATING LINE DRIVER

Once a challenge to line array system design, environmental
conditions are just another part of the mix with the eight­channel LD-3 (Figure i.1), a powerful tool from Meyer Sound
for optimizing large-scale sound reinforcement systems by
correcting frequency response for the attenuation of sound
in air.

Figure i.1. LD-3 line driver, front and rear panels

Feed the day’s weather report into the LD-3 through its
Atmospheric Correction and Relative Humidity knobs,
dial-in the type of loudspeakers and distance of the throw
for each section of the array, and the LD-3 goes to work.
A RISC microcontroller retrieves response correction
coefcients and corrects the output to compensate for the
air absorption for those weather conditions.

Figure i.2. Air absorption for 10 degrees C at 100 meters

Figure i.3. Air absorption for 20 degrees C at 100 meters

1

INTRODUCTION

Figure i.4. Air absorption for 30 degrees C at 100 meters

In addition to weather correction, the LD-3’s unique ability
to compensate for low to mid-low frequency build-up allows
the user to ne-tune each channel driving an M Series array.
Set the type of loudspeaker being used and the number of
cabinets in the array, and the LD-3’s stored presets do the
rest.

Figure i.5 is an example of a correction made to a MILO
array with eight loudspeakers. By applying this correction
the result is an incredibly at system response across a
wide range of frequencies.

Each of the LD-3’s two master channels consists of a
Master Input section, a dedicated subwoofer output,
and three outputs to required control. Three Sends and
four Insert/Returns provide the control to route the signal
and incorporate additional signal processing, such as
parametric equalization.

The Master Input section provides individual channel Gain
adjustment from –12 to +6 dB, an illuminated Mute switch,
Signal/Clip indicator, and a switchable High-Pass Filter
(0, 80, or 160 Hz) for boundary correction or optimizing
crossover to subwoofers. Master environmental controls
include Temperature (0° to 45° C), Altitude (switchable in
three ranges: 0-800, 800-2200, and 2200+ m) and Relative
Humidity (10 to 100%).

Individual outputs provide Gain trim from –6 to +6 dB,
Signal/Clip indicator, an illuminated Mute switch, illuminated
Send/Return Insert switches, and Distance controls to
dene the throw from each sound system branch to its
audience coverage area up to 150 meters (492 feet).

The LD-3’s dedicated subwoofer control sections feature
Polarity switches, Gain trim from –6 to +6 dB, mute, Signal/
Clip/Mute indicator, and Send/Return Insert switches.
In addition, a high-quality Low-Pass Filter is supplied,
switchable to 0, 55, or 80 Hz.

NOTE: While each of the LD-3’s output fully

independent channels can be used to divide
a main system into subsystems, they can also be
used to control downll, front ll, and delay systems,
allowing independent signal levels.

In addition to its sophisticated environmental and array
control functions, the LD-3 can integrate different types of
Meyer Sound self-powered loudspeakers into a cohesive
system, while maintaining signal integrity for long cable
paths.

The LD-3 occupies two standard 19-inch relay rack spaces.
Flash memory for future expansion is built in, and all input
and outputs are electronically balanced and utilize XLR
(A-3) type connectors. The AC inlet is an IEC standard male

connector, protected with
a 250 mA 250 V fuse, and
switchable in the ranges of
105-125 and 210-250 VAC.

Figure i.5. Correction needed shown with eight MILO loudspeakers at 35 meters

2

Information and specications
are applicable as of the date
of this printing. Updates and
supplementary information
are posted on the Meyer
Sound web site at:

www.meyersound.com

You may contact Meyer
Sound Technical Support at:

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Email: techsupport@
meyersound.com

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CHAPTER 1: AC POWER REQUIREMENTS

The LD-3 uses an international standard IEC 320 mains
AC inlet. This convenient rear panel receptacle accepts
many power cord types for mains outlets used throughout
the world. The LD-3 must have the correct power cord for
the AC power in the area in which it will be used.

The LD-3 operates in two AC voltage ranges: 105 – 125 V
and 210 – 250 V, at 50 or 60 Hz (Figure 1.1). The voltage
select switch on the rear panel must be set to the proper
voltage before applying AC power. Connecting the LD-3
to a 225 V AC source with the voltage select switch in the
105 – 125 V position could blow the fuse.

Voltage Select
Switch

CHAPTER 1

CAUTION: Don’t use a ground-lifting

adapter or cut the AC ground pin. To avoid
electrical shock and damage to the unit, use
the power cord specied by Meyer Sound or an
equivalent that satises the requirements of the
local safety testing agency.

CAUTION: Do not operate the unit if the

power cables are frayed or broken.

IEC 320 Male
Power Outlet

Figure 1.1. Voltage switch and power inlet locations on the LD-3

CAUTION: Always unplug the power cord

before changing the voltage select switch.

When the LD-3 is powering on, it takes about two seconds
to read stored atmospheric and array correction values,
and illuminated Enter button (covered in Chapter 3, “Audio
and System Controls”) changes from red to green.

Audio outputs are muted internally during normal power
on and off, and in case of sudden loss of AC power or
unstable line voltage. This precaution prevents noise
transmission — and possible damage — to interconnected
devices.

Always disconnect the power cord before changing the
fuse. To replace the fuse, insert a at-blade screwdriver in
the fuse cap and gently turn counterclockwise; the fuse
springs from its socket. Replace only with a 5 x 20 mm,
T 250 mA, 250 V, time-lag fuse that conforms to identical
safety agency standards. If the fuse blows again, contact
Meyer Sound for repair information.

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CHAPTER 1

4

CHAPTER 2: AUDIO AND SYSTEM CONTROLS

Much more than a system integration tool, the LD-3 line
driver uses its sophisticated circuitry to bring consistent
and predictable results to any M Series line or curvilinear
array design. This chapter will help you understand
and harness the power of the LD-3's audio and system
controls.

AUDIO INPUT

The LD-3 presents a 10 kOhm balanced input impedance
to a three-pin XLR connector wired with the following
convention:

 Pin 1 — Connected to Earth (AC) ground and chassis

through ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) absorption
and EMI/RFI (Electromagnetic/Radio Frequency
Interference) lters

 Pin 2 — Signal (+)

 Pin 3 — Signal (-)

 Case — Earth (AC) ground and chassis

The LD-3 is balanced in and out, and consequently does
not change the polarity unless the “Sub Polarity” switch is
engaged on the Sub output section. Pins 2 and 3 carry the
input as a differential signal. Use standard audio cables
with XLR connectors for balanced signal sources.

Figure 2.1. The Atmospheric Control section is at the heart of the
LD-3.

Controls are included for:

 Temperature

 Altitude (atmospheric pressure)

 Relative humidity

 Distance

CHAPTER 2

The audio input signal should always be applied between
pins 2 and 3.

NOTE: All inputs employ ESD absorbers

and RF lters.

Pin 1 is connected to the unit's chassis and acts as a
safety and current bleed to earth for the ESD and EMI/RFI
interference coupled onto the shield of the input cable. Pin
1 is only for bleeding noise to ground, and connecting an
audio signal between pins 1 and 2, or pins 1 and 3, results
in a noisy audio signal. Most modern balanced audio
sources (electronically balanced or transformer output)
conform to the wiring convention described above and
interface correctly with the LD-3.

ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION

The LD-3’s Atmospheric Correction section (Figure

2.1) uses special atmospheric loss equations and pre­calculated Meyer Sound MAPP Online® stored values
from a 2 MB lookup table to correct for key environmental
conditions.

NOTE: The Distance controls – featuring

large green knobs to match the color of the
green temperature and relative humidity knobs
– are located in sections for individual Channels 1­3 (A and B) outputs, discussed later in this chapter.

NOTE: Atmospheric correction may be

disabled per channel on each of the three A
and B Output Channels by setting the distance to
zero.

Settings are read with 8-bit resolution and a range of
coefcient indices are fed to the output channels. The
result is corrected frequency response for the attenuation
of sound in air up to 16 kHz, with a resolution of
approximately 1 dB.

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CHAPTER 2

7

CHAPTER 2

Temperature

The green Temperature control allows you to set
temperature in 1° increments from 0° to 45° C. A
convenient Fahrenheit (F) to Celsius (c) conversion table is
located to the bottom left of the Atmospheric Correction
section (Figure 2.2).

Figure 2.2. The LD-3 includes a temperature conversion reference
table stenciled on its front panel.

Setting temperature is the rst step in the atmospheric
correction chain; the LD-3 takes the temperature setting
and uses it with the other environmental coefcients to nd
the correction needed across the LD-3’s frequency range.

Altitude

The altitude switch supports three ranges:

 0 to 800 m (0 to 2,624 ft) above sea level

 800 to 2200 m (2,624 to 7,217 ft) above sea level

 2200+ m (7,217 ft) above sea level

Setting the altitude noties the LD-3 of the atmospheric
pressure; this setting corresponds to an index into a
function which has been pre-solved; the LD-3 then
changes how much output correction is needed due to
different atmospheric pressure levels.

Relative Humidity

The green Relative Humidity control allows the user to
dial-in relative humidity from 10 to 100% in increments
from 1 to 5% (the incremental range increases as humidity
increases).

The effect of humidity on the attenuation of sound
is perhaps the most critical aspect of the LD-3’s
environmental functionality, and is a fascinatingly complex
topic all to itself (and well beyond the scope of this
guide). Although it’s generally true that the LD-3 will boost
frequencies (particularly high frequencies) at an increasing
rate as temperature and altitude go up, the effects of
humidity are more complex, with few observable ranges
that show a consistent, incremental increase.

For instance, at 16 kHz and temperatures above 25° C,
a critical range is roughly 10-30% humidity. As shown in
Figure 2.3, the higher the humidity in this range, the less
air attenuation at that frequency – drier air needs less
boost (not a completely intuitive notion in any case).

However, at other humidities (not to mention other
temperatures, altitudes and distances) outside of this
example range, the rate and pattern of attenuation
behaves in other, less intuitive ways.

Because the LD-3’s atmospheric
control functions are logarithmic
rather than exponential (unlike
simple lters, for example), they
will not always behave in ways
you expect “normal” circuitry to
behave. For instance, turning
the Relative Humidity knob to
right doesn’t mean that the LD­3 is necessarily adding more
correction (it could be adding
less).

ARRAY CORRECTION

The LD-3’s unique ability to
correct the overall frequency
response of the line or curvilinear
array itself enables you to further
ne-tune your system design to
correct natural array behavoir,
such as low frequency build-up.

Figure 2.3. Air Absorption per meter at 16 kHz

6

The Array Correction section (Figure 2.4), lets you set the

!

type of M Series loudspeaker using the Array Type selector
switch and the number of cabinets in the array with the
Array Size control.

CHAPTER 2

NOTE: The rmware and ROM (Read Only

Memory) which support the LD-3’s array
correction functions are upgradeable in the eld.
Contact Meyer Sound or visit the Meyer Sound Web
site at www.meyersound.com for more information
on when this feature and upgrades will be available.

Array Size

You can set the number of cabinets in your array – up to
24 loudspeakers per channel – using the gray Array Size
control. For example, if you have two MILO arrays (typically
a left and right array) of 12 cabinets each, you would set the
Array Size selector to 12.

NOTE: Setting the Array Size selector to 1

disables Array Correction functionality.

Figure 2.4. The LD-3’s Array Correction section

Array Type

The gray Array Type selector (the top knob in the Array
Correction section) is a switch that controls the assignment
of the LD-3’s Array Correction function to any of the
following M Series loudspeakers:

 M1D ultra-compact curvilinear array loudspeaker

 M2D compact curvilinear array loudspeaker

 MILO high-power curvilinear array loudspeaker

 M3D line array loudspeaker

The Remote setting of the Array Type selector (bottom right
side) is for establishing a data link with MAPP Online and
downloading a pre-calculated array correction into the
LD-3.

TIP: Setting the selector to Remote disables

the Array Size selector (covered in the next

section).

Array correction is also applied to the Sub outputs, and,
when active, attenuates the Sub outputs. The Sub section’s
Gain trim, from –6 to +6 dB, should be used if additional
Gain on the Sub outputs is needed.

THE ENTER BUTTON

When the controls in the Atmospheric and Array Correction
sections are adjusted, press the illuminated Enter button
(Figure 2.5) to enable the changes.

Figure 2.5. The Enter button

Use the Enter button each time a change is made for the
following LD-3 functions:

 Temperature

 Altitude

After loading data via the LD-3’s serial Data Port, the
Program Loaded LED light, located just below the Remote
setting, illuminates.

CAUTION: An unlabeled notch – reserved

for future use – exists between the M3D and
Remote settings on the Array Type selector. Setting
the selector to this notch disables Array Correction
functionality.

 Relative humidity

 Distance (in any channel)

 Array Type

 Array Size

The Enter button changes from green to red once a change
is made on any of the above controls, indicating that it
needs to be pressed to update your changes; when the
Enter button is pressed, the LD-3 registers the change(s)
and the Enter button changes back to green.

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CHAPTER 2

9

CHAPTER 2

For example, if the Temperature is set to 25° and the
Relative Humidity to 40%, press Enter, then change the
Temperature to 30°; press Enter again for the LD-3 to
register the new temperature.

MASTER INPUT CHANNELS A AND B

Master input channels A and B (Figure 2.6) are equipped to
control a full-range main system.

Front Panel Rear Panel

Figure 2.6. Master input channels A and B

These lters are used to optimize integration with
subwoofers; in several cases they can augment an array’s
headroom by ltering low frequencies out.

NOTE: When driving loudspeakers with high-

pass lters and/or subwoofers with low-pass
lters engaged, phase shift caused by the lters in
the region where frequencies overlap may require
that you change subwoofer polarity — even if they
are co-planar or near each other.

CHANNELS 1-3 (A AND B) OUTPUTS

Six individual output channels – three for each Master Input
channel –provide Gain trim, illuminated Mute switches,
Signal/Clip indicators, and Insert switches (Figure 2.7). In
addition, individual distance controls dene the throw from
each sound system branch to its audience coverage area
up to 150 meters.

Front Panel

Each Master Input channel has an illuminated mute switch,
signal/clip LED indicator, a switchable high pass lter, and
gain. For each channel, the controls perform these functions:

 The gain control sets the overall level from –12 to +6 dB.

 The illuminated Mute switch mutes all channel outputs,

which ash red when muted.

NOTE: When muting a master channel, you

are effectively muting the individual output
circuits located for each sub-channel. Hence each
output channel Mute switch will ash red, but its
Signal/Clip LED will still be active.

 The bi-colored Signal/Clip LED indicates input signal

presence and level with a variable intensity green color,
and clipping with ashing red.

 The High Pass Filter switch lters the input signal at

0, 80, or 160 Hz for boundary correction or optimizing
crossover to subwoofers. The lter affects Channels 1-3
for each Master Input channel A and B.

NOTE: The High-Pass Filter set to 160 is

identical to setting the “Lo-cut” lter on the
LD-1A and LD-2 line drivers; it is a 2nd Order (12 dB/
octave) at 162 Hz with a Q of 1.82. The 80 Hz lter is
an elliptical lter with fast initial attenuation – without
the phase shift associated with lters of higher order.

Rear Panel

Figure 2.7. The LD-3’s output channel section

For each channel, the controls perform these functions:

 The Gain control sets the output level from –6 to +6 dB.

 The illuminated Mute switch mutes the channel, ashing

red when muted.

 The bi-colored Signal/Clip LED indicates signal

presence and level with a variable intensity green color,
and clipping with ashing red.

8

NOTE: Although the LD-3 offers a large gain

range (-6 to +6 dB) for each output, gain
tapering is not recommended for arrays. Adjusting
zones with an overall amplitude control for each
zone results in the following:

1. Directionality decreases.

2. Low-frequency headroom decreases.

3. The length of the line or curvilinear array
column is effectively shortened.

Distance Control

The green Distance control allows you dial-in the throw from
the array on each output channel, from 0 to 150 meters.

NOTE: Setting distance to 0 meters bypasses

the atmospheric correction functions.

CHAPTER 2

Figure 2.8. The LD-3 includes an easy distance conversion reference
table stenciled on its front panel.

Setting the Distance enables the LD-3 to adjust the
correction curve according to the throw of the loudspeakers
on each channel. This setting corresponds to coefcients
(in increments from 2 to 10, increasing as distance
increases) which provide just the right amount and shape
of correction as a function of the other atmospheric
variables (Temperature, Altitude, and Relative Humidity). As
suggested by Figure 2.9, there are a multitude of correction
scenarios for even a handful of distances.

A convenient feet (ft) to meters (m) conversion table is
located to the bottom left of the Atmospheric Correction
section (Figure 2.8).

NOTE: After dialing in a new distance for any

channel, press the Enter button.

Figure 2.9. Sample atmospheric correction curves for the attenuation of sound in air at 10, 20, 40 and 80 meters.

9

CHAPTER 2

11

CHAPTER 2

!

Once the correction changes are enabled, press the Enter
button and the LD-3 changes how much correction is
needed due to the throw of your M Series line or curvilinear
array on the channel.

Insert Switch

Each output channel utilizes an Insert switch which allows
you to add outboard signal processing such as parametric
equalization. Figure 2.10 shows the Insert/Return Inputs, as
well as the auxiliary output section (Sends), with a Meyer
Sound CP-10 complementary phase parametric equalizer.

Figure 2.10. The LD-3’s back panel showing Sends and Returns for
1-3, A & B; a CP-10 can be added to the signal processing chain

CAUTION: The LD-3’s insert inputs are not

normalized; if the Insert switch is depressed
with nothing connected, the channel will be
effectively muted.

SUBS A AND B

Two subwoofer control sections (Figure 2.11) feature
Polarity switches, Gain trim, illuminated Mute switches,
Signal/Clip indicators, and Insert switches to accommodate
outboard signal processing such as parametric equalization
and/or delay.

Front Panel Rear Panel

Figure 2.11. The LD-3’s sub section

For each of the two Sub channels, these controls perform
the following functions:

 The Gain control sets the output level from –6 to +6 dB.

 The illuminated Mute switch mutes the channel, ashing

red when muted.

Insert Inputs

The Insert/Returns — one for each Channel 1-3 (A and B
— inputs are not affected by the setting of the High-Pass
Filter (pre-HPF) but are affected by the settings of the
Atmospheric Correction (post-atmospheric correction).

Send Outputs

The LD-3 features three Sends that are straightforward
and are derived from three different places before the
atmospheric correction (pre-atmospheric) in the signal path:

 Full Range Pre-Array –The output signal is sent to your

outboard equipment without any array correction and
no ltering.

 Full Range Post-Array – The output signal is sent to

your outboard equipment with full array correction and
no ltering.

 Post-Array Post-HPF – The output signal is sent to

your outboard equipment with full array correction with
the high pass lter for the master channel (A or B) on.

 The bi-colored Signal/Clip LED indicates signal

presence and level with a variable intensity green color,
and clipping with ashing red.

 The blue illuminated Polarity switch allows you to

change polarity where as needed, according to the
subwoofer you’re using and its interaction with the
primary line or curvilinear array(s) in your design.

 The Low Pass Filter switch employs a smooth, high-

quality elliptical lter at 55 or 80 Hz; the lter can be
disabled by ipping the switch to “Off.”

10

Insert Switch

!

Each Sub channel utilizes an Insert switch (Figure 2.12)
which, when engaged, is useful for driving a sub with a
different send or output from a console, or other outboard
equipment, if desired.

Figure 2.12. The LD-3’s Sub inserts

CHAPTER 2

CAUTION: The Sub section’s Insert inputs

are not normalized; if the Insert switch is
depressed with nothing connected, the channel will
be effectively muted.

Insert Inputs

The Insert/Returns are not affected by the array correction,
but are affected by the Low-Pass Filter. The Sub section’s
inserts have a summing stage. If not engaged, the LD-3 will
sum the signal from the main input with the signal from the
Insert input. This can be useful for making a mono sum left
and right channels to drive the subs mono from the main
inputs.

11

CHAPTER 2

12

CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM DESIGN, INTEGRATION, AND OPTIMIZATION

CHAPTER 3

The LD-3 opens up a number of design and integration
scenarios. Its versatility, in conjunction with different M
Series loudspeakers and/or subwoofers, gives you the
freedom to not only plan for the atmospheric conditions
and optimized the array, but to hone the design through
quantitative Meyer Sound tools and software. This chapter
will take you through some example congurations and
introduce you to some real-world options for achieving your
design quickly and efciently.

EXAMPLE DESIGN CONFIGURATIONS

The multiple input, output, insert/returns, and sends on the
LD-3 makes the unit very versatile; it can accommodate
a number of congurations to satisfy a wide number
of applications. See Appendix B for three example
congurations that demonstrate the exibility and utility of
the LD-3.

MEYER SOUND MAPP ONLINE

To quantitatively plan your system design, Meyer Sound
provides MAPP Online (Figure 3.1), a powerful, cross­platform, Java-based application for accurately predicting
the coverage pattern, frequency response, impulse
response, and maximum SPL output of single or arrayed
Meyer Sound loudspeakers.

You can nd MAPP Online at:

www.meyersound.com/products/software/mapponline

NOTE: In order to use MAPP Online, you

will need to register by clicking “Apply for
MAPP Online” on the Web page listed above. After
registration and upon approval, an e-mail will be
sent to you with a username and password along
with the address for the Web page where you can
download MAPP Online. Online instructions will
guide you through the download and setup process.

As its name indicates, MAPP Online is an online application:
when a prediction is requested, data is sent over the
Internet to a high-powered server at Meyer Sound that
runs a sophisticated acoustical prediction algorithm using
high-resolution, complex (magnitude and phase) polar data.
Predicted responses are returned over the Internet and
displayed on your computer in color.

With MAPP Online, you can:

 Plan an entire portable or xed loudspeaker system and

determine delay settings for ll loudspeakers.

 Clearly see interactions among loudspeakers and

minimize destructive interference.

 Place microphones anywhere in the sound eld and

predict the frequency response, impulse response, and
sound pressure level at the microphone position using
MAPP Online’s Virtual SIM feature.

Figure 3.1. MAPP Online is an intuitive, powerful system design tool.

Residing on your computer, MAPP Online facilitates
conguring arrays of a wide variety of Meyer Sound
products and, optionally, denes the environment in which
they will operate, including air temperature, pressure, and
humidity, as well as the location and composition of walls.

 Rene your system design to provide the best coverage

of the intended audience area.

 Use a virtual VX-1 program equalizer to predetermine

the correct control settings for best system response.

 Gain valuable load information about the array to

determine rigging capacities.

MAPP Online enables you to come to an installation
prepared with a wealth of information that ensures the
system will satisfy your requirements “out of the box”
– including basic system delay and equalization settings. Its
accurate, high-resolution predictions eliminate unexpected
onsite adjustments and coverage problems. With MAPP
Online, every sound system installation has a maximum
chance of success.

MAPP Online is compatible with Windows, Linux, Unix,
and Apple Macintosh computers running Mac OS X version

10.1.2 or higher. The MAPP Online Web page above lists
additional system requirements and recommendations.

13

CHAPTER 3

15

CHAPTER 3

LOUDSPEAKER/SUBWOOFER INTEGRATION

Using the LD-3’s lters helps to easily integrate and
optimize your M Series arrays with subwoofers. High-pass
lters augment array headroom by removing frequencies
near the low end of the loudspeaker's operating range,
while low-pass lters can remove unwanted mid-low
frequencies reproduced by the subwoofers.

NOTE: Full-range signals may be applied to

Meyer Sound’s self-powered loudspeakers
and subwoofers because they have built-in active
crossovers. However, the use of external lters – like
the ones in the LD-3 – is optional, and should be
used very carefully to avoid phase shifts that can
cause cancellations or dips in the response.

Table 3.1: MILO and M3D-Sub

HPF LPF ø Reverse Switch Result

80 80 Engaged Flat response

80 Off Engaged Flat response

160 Off Engaged Very at response

Off Off Off Boost in the 80 Hz

region

Table 3.2: MILO and 650-P (650-P set to pin 2 positive)

HPF LPF ø Reverse Switch Result

Off Off Engaged Boost in the 100 Hz

region

160 Off Engaged Very at response

80 80 Off Very at response

160 80 Off Flat response

Table 3.3: M3D and M3D-Sub

HPF LPF ø Reverse Switch Result

Off Off Off Flat response

80 Off Off Very at response,

+3 dB sub gain
recommended

Table 3.4: M3D and 650-P

HPF LPF ø Reverse Switch Result

Off Off Engaged Flat response

Off 55 Engaged Flat response

80 55 Off Very at response,

+6 dB sub gain
recommended

160 80 Off Very at response,

+6 dB sub gain
recommended

The use of these lters reduces areas of overlap and
minimizes the interaction and possible cancellations
between subsystems, usually resulting in highly desirable
behavior, such as very at frequency response. As shown
in Tables 3.1 through 3.8, some of the loudspeaker and
subwoofer combinations you can implement using the
LD-3’s ltering capabilities can go a long way toward ne­tuning your system.

All data in Tables 3.1 through 3.8 are based on designs
in a close-proximity, coplanar orientation, at a 2:1 ratio
of loudspeakers to subwoofers. Out of all possible
combinations, these yield the atest frequency response.

Table 3.5: M2D and M2D-Sub

HPF LPF ø Reverse Switch Result

Off Off Off Very at response

80 Off Off Very at response,

+3 dB sub gain
recommended

80 80 Engaged Very at response,

+3 dB sub gain
recommended

Table 3.6: M2D and 650-P (650-P set to pin 2 positive)

HPF LPF ø Reverse Switch Result

Off 55 Off Flat response, -

6 dB sub gain
recommended*

80 80 Engaged Very at response,

-6 dB sub gain
recommended*

* Unlike the matched sensitivity of the M2D and M2D-Sub, the 650-P is +6 dB more sensitive
than the M2D/M2D-Sub.

Table 3.7: M1D and M1D-Sub

HPF LPF ø Reverse Switch Result

Off Off Off Very at response

80 80 Engaged Flat response,

+3 dB sub gain
recommended

Table 3.8: M1D and USW-1P

HPF LPF ø Reverse Switch Result

Off 55 Off Flat response, -

6 dB sub gain
recommended*

80 80 Engaged Very at response,

-6 dB sub gain
recommended*

14

CHAPTER 3

NOTE: When loudspeakers and subwoofers

are physically separated by more than 4
feet – or delay must be used between them – a
measurement system such as SIM (covered in
the next section) should be used to determine the
correct delay and polarity.

SIM® MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

Meyer Sound also offers a self-contained design and
troubleshooting package: the SIM Measurement System.
SIM is a measurement and instrumentation system
including a selection of hardware and software options,
microphones and accessory cables. SIM is optimized for
making audio frequency measurements of an acoustical
system with a resolution of up to 1/24th of an octave; the
high resolution enables you to apply precise electronic
corrections to adjust system response using frequency and
phase (time) domain information.

Source Independent Measurement Technique

Applications

The main application of SIM is loudspeaker system testing
and alignment. This includes:

 Measuring propagation delay between the subsystems

to set correct polarities and set very precise delay times

 Measuring variations in frequency response caused

by the acoustical environment and the placement
and interaction of the loudspeakers to set corrective
equalization

 Optimizing subwoofer integration

 Optimizing loudspeaker arrays

SIM can also be used in the following applications:

 Microphone calibration and equalization

 Architectural acoustics

 Transducer evaluation and correction

 Echo detection and analysis

 Vibration analysis

 Underwater acoustics

SIM implements the Meyer Sound source independent
measurement technique, a dual-channel method that
accommodates statistically unpredictable excitation signals.
Any excitation signal that encompasses the frequency range
of interest (even intermittently) may be used to obtain highly
accurate measurements of acoustical or electronic systems.
For example, concert halls and loudspeaker systems may
be characterized during a musical performance using the
program as the test signal, allowing you to:

 View measurement data as amplitude versus time

(impulse response) or amplitude and phase versus
frequency (frequency response)

 Utilize a single-channel spectrum mode

 View frequency domain data with a logarithmic

frequency axis

 Determine and internally compensate for propagation

delays using SIM Delay Finder function

15

CHAPTER 3

16

17

APPENDIX A

ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION (Affects Output Channels 1-3, both A & B)

Temperature

Altitude

ARRAY CORRECTION

Type

Array Size

Attenuation Control

Attenuation Control

Toggles the polarity of the sub output

Attenuation Control

Toggles the input from Master to Insert/Return. Not normalized, mutes channel when

AUDIO INPUTS

Type

differential (between pins 2 and 3)

Ratio

Threshold: -26 dBV (50 mV rms) pink noise or sinewave

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX A

Insert/Return

AUDIO OUTPUTS

Type

balanced (between pins 2 and 3)

Load: ±17.8 V pk (+22 dBV, +24.2 dBu sinewave) No Load: ±19 V pk (+22.5 dBV,

0 dBV = 1 V rms; 0 dBu = 0.775 V rms; 0 dBm = 1 mW rms.

)

AUDIO PERFORMANCE

Ratio of maximum sinewave to A-weighted noise  oor.

THD

AC POWER

APPENDIX B

Left

Right

LD-3

Channel A

IN SUB OUT

CH 1 OUT

CH 2 OUT

CH 3 OUT

Channel B

IN SUB OUT

CH 1 OUT

CH 2 OUT

CH 3 OUT

Channel A

INSERTS SENDS

IN SUB OUT

Full Range

IN CH 1 OUT

Post Array

IN CH 2 OUT

Post Array

IN CH 3

Post HPF

Channel B

INSERTS SENDS

IN SUB OUT

Full Range

IN CH 1 OUT

Post Array

IN CH 2 OUT

Post Array

IN CH 3

Post HPF

Example Configurations

APPENDIX B

19

APPENDIX B

21

APPENDIX B

Left

Right

LD-3

Channel A

IN SUB OUT

CH 1 OUT

CH 2 OUT

CH 3 OUT

Channel B

IN SUB OUT

CH 1 OUT

CH 2 OUT

CH 3 OUT

Channel A

INSERTS SENDS

IN SUB OUT

Full Range

IN CH 1 OUT

Post Array

IN CH 2 OUT

Post Array

IN CH 3

Post HPF

Channel B

INSERTS SENDS

IN SUB OUT

Full Range

IN CH 1 OUT

Post Array

IN CH 2 OUT

Post Array

IN CH 3

Post HPF

20

APPENDIX B

DigitalDelay

2 In x 6 Out

Digital Delay/EQ

LD-3

Channel A

IN SUB OUT

CH 1 OUT

CH 2 OUT

CH 3 OUT

Channel B

IN SUB OUT

CH 1 OUT

CH 2 OUT

CH 3 OUT

Channel A

INSERTS SENDS

IN SUB OUT

Full Range

IN CH 1 OUT

Post Array

IN CH 2 OUT

Post Array

IN CH 3

Post HPF

Channel B

INSERTS SENDS

IN SUB OUT

Full Range

IN CH 1 OUT

Post Array

IN CH 2 OUT

Post Array

IN CH 3

Post HPF

Main
Left

Right

Subwoofer
Mono

(10) MILO

(10) MILO

21

APPENDIX C

3

2

1

ESD

Absorber

ESD

Absorber

RF Filter

10k

-12 to +6dB

MASTER

LEVEL

ARRAY SIZE

CORRECTION

Signal & Cl ip

Detector

-

+

ESD

Absorbers

3

2

1

POWER

OFF MUTE

(SHORT)

PUSH-PULL

DRIVER

GREEN / RED

LED

3

2

1

ESD

Absorbers

ESD

Absorbers

RF Filter

-

+

ESD

Absorbers

3

2

1

POWER

OFF MUTE

(SHORT)

PUSH-PULL

Serial Data Port

(Remote Download)

DRIVER

80 Hz

160 Hz

PUSH-PULL

DRIVER

OFF

80 Hz

160 Hz

CH 1-3

CROSSOVER

80 Hz

55 Hz

OFF

80 Hz

55 Hz

SUB

CROSSOVER

SUB

POLARITY SWITCH

SUMMING

STAGE

IN OUT

SUB

INSERT

LED

ENTER

M1D

M2D
MILO

M3D

# OF SPEAKER S SPKR MODEL

-

INVERTER

-180°

MICRO

PROCESSOR

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

SEND 1

Full Range
Pre-Array C orrection

SUB

INPUT / INS ERT

(PRE LPF)

MAIN

INPUT

SEND 2

Full Range
Post-Array Correction

-

+

G

-

+

G

-

+

G

-

+

G

GREEN /

RED

CHANNEL 1

INSERT

CHANNEL 2

INSERT

CHANNEL 3

INSERT

PRE-ATMOSPHERIC

POST HPF

PRE-ATMOSPHERIC

POST HPF

ATMOSPHERIC

POST HPF

S

APPENDIX C

LD-3 Signal Flow Diagram

22

APPENDIX C

-

+

ESD

Absorber

3

2

1

POWER

OFF MUTE

(SHORT)

PUSH-PULL

DRIVER

3

2

1

ESD

Absorber

ESD

Absorbers

RF Filter

3

2

1

ESD

Absorber

ESD

Absorbers

RF Filter

DIFFERENTIAL
AMPLIFIER

DIFFERENTIAL
AMPLIFIER

3

2

1

ESD

Absorber

ESD

Absorbers

RF Filter

DIFFERENTIAL
AMPLIFIER

INSERT
SWITCH

INSERT
SWITCH

ATMOSPHERIC

CORRECTION

INSERT
SWITCH

MAX

CORRECTION

LED

LED

GREEN / RED

LED

GREEN / RED

YELLOW

YELLOW

YELLOW

LED

GREEN / RED

LED

GREEN / RED

ATMOSPHERIC

CORRECTION

MAX

CORRECTION

LED

ATMOSPHERIC

CORRECTION

MAX

CORRECTION

LED

LED

ENTER

SIGNAL &

CLIP

DETECTOR

-6 TO +6 dB

-

+

ESD

Absorber

3

2

1

POWER

OFF MUTE

PUSH-PULL

DRIVER

CHANNEL 1

LEVEL

SIGNAL &

CLIP

DETECTOR

-6 TO +6 dB

-

+

ESD

Absorber

3

2

1

POWER

OFF MUTE

PUSH-PULL

DRIVER

CHANNEL 2

LEVEL

SIGNAL &

CLIP

DETECTOR

-6 TO +6 dB

-

+

ESD

Absorber

3

2

1

POWER

OFF MUTE

PUSH-PULL

DRIVER

CHANNEL 3

LEVEL

SIGNAL &

CLIP

DETECTOR

-6 TO +6 dB

-

+

ESD

Absorber

3

2

1

POWER

OFF MUTE

PUSH-PULL

DRIVER

SUB

LEVEL

MASTER

MUTE

CONTROL

MUTE

MUTE

MUTE

MUTE

TEMP. H UM.

PRES

SW.

CH. 1 CH. 2 CH. 3

DISTANCE

MICRO PROCESSOR

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

EARTH GND/
CHASSIS

SEND 3

Post HPF X-Over
Post Array Correction

-

+

G

-

+

G

-

+

G

-

+

G

GREEN /

RED

-

+

G

-

+

G

-

+

G

-

+

G

CHANNEL 1

INSERT

CHANNEL 2

INSERT

CHANNEL 3

INSERT

CHANNEL 1
OUT

CHANNEL 2
OUT

CHANNEL 3
OUT

SUB OUT

PRE-ATMOSPHERIC

POST HPF

PRE-ATMOSPHERIC

POST HPF

PRE-

ATMOSPHERIC

POST HPF

23

APPENDIX C

24

Meyer Sound Laboratories Inc.
2832 San Pablo Avenue
Berkeley, CA 94702
USA

T: +1 510 486.1166
F: +1 510 486.8356
[e-mail]
www.meyersound.com

Meyer Sound Laboratories Inc.

© 2003

All Rights Reserved