PowerQ4
MI 2592
Instruction manual
Version 1.2, Code No. 20 751 551
Distributor:
Manufacturer:
METREL d.d.
Ljubljanska cesta 77
1354 Horjul
Slovenia
web site: http://www.metrel.si
e-mail: metrel@metrel.si
Mark on your equipment certifies that this equipment meets the requirements of the EU
(European Union) concerning safety and interference causing equipment regulations
© 2009 METREL
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means
without permission in writing from METREL.
Table of Contents:
1 Introduction.............................................................................................................6
1.1 Main Features ...................................................................................................6
1.2 Safety considerations ........................................................................................7
1.3 Applicable standards .........................................................................................8
1.4 Abbreviations.....................................................................................................8
2 Description............................................................................................................ 11
2.1 Front panel ......................................................................................................11
2.2 Connector panel ..............................................................................................12
2.3 Bottom view.....................................................................................................13
2.4 Accessories .....................................................................................................13
2.4.1 Standard accessories...............................................................................13
2.4.2 Optional accessories ................................................................................14
3 Operating the instrument..................................................................................... 15
3.1 Instrument Main Menu.....................................................................................16
3.2 U, I, f menu......................................................................................................17
3.2.1 Meter ........................................................................................................17
3.2.2 Scope .......................................................................................................18
3.2.3 Trend........................................................................................................20
3.3 Power menu ....................................................................................................23
3.3.1 Meter ........................................................................................................23
3.3.2 Trend........................................................................................................24
3.4 Energy menu ...................................................................................................26
3.5 Harmonics menu .............................................................................................27
3.5.1 Meter ........................................................................................................28
3.5.2 Bar............................................................................................................29
3.5.3 Trend........................................................................................................31
3.6 Flickermeter.....................................................................................................32
3.6.1 Meter ........................................................................................................32
3.6.2 Trend........................................................................................................33
3.7 Inrushes...........................................................................................................35
3.7.1 Setup........................................................................................................35
3.7.2 Capturing inrush.......................................................................................36
3.7.3 Captured inrush........................................................................................37
3.8 Events and Alarms ..........................................................................................38
3.8.1 Voltage events .........................................................................................39
3.8.2 Alarms list.................................................................................................43
3.9 Phase Diagram................................................................................................45
3.9.1 Phase diagram .........................................................................................45
3.9.2 Symmetry diagram ...................................................................................46
3.10 Recorder..........................................................................................................47
3.11 Memory List.....................................................................................................50
3.11.1 Record......................................................................................................51
3.11.2 Waveform snapshoot ...............................................................................53
3.11.3 Inrush logger ............................................................................................53
3.12 Setup menu .....................................................................................................54
3.12.1 Measuring setup.......................................................................................54
3.12.2 Event setup ..............................................................................................56
3.12.3 Alarm setup ..............................................................................................57
3.12.4 Communication ........................................................................................59
3.12.5 Time & Date .............................................................................................59
3.12.6 Language .................................................................................................60
3.12.7 Instrument info .........................................................................................60
4 Recommended Recording Practice and Instrument Connection.....................61
4.1 Measurement campaign..................................................................................61
4.2 Connection setup ............................................................................................64
4.2.1 Connection to the LV Power Systems......................................................64
4.2.2 Connection to the MV or HV Power System.............................................67
4.2.3 Current clamp selection and transformation ratio setting .........................68
4.3 Number of measurements and connection type relationship...........................72
5 Theory and internal operation.............................................................................75
5.1 Measurement methods....................................................................................75
5.1.1 Measurement aggregation over time intervals .........................................75
5.1.2 Voltage measurement (magnitude of supply voltage) ..............................75
5.1.3 Current measurement (magnitude of supply current)...............................76
5.1.4 Frequency measurement .........................................................................76
5.1.5 Phase power measurements....................................................................77
5.1.6 Total power measurements......................................................................77
5.1.7 Energy......................................................................................................78
5.1.8 Harmonics ................................................................................................79
5.1.9 Flicker.......................................................................................................80
5.1.10 Voltage and current unbalance ................................................................82
5.1.11 Voltage events .........................................................................................82
5.1.12 Alarms ......................................................................................................85
5.1.13 Data aggregation in RECORDING ...........................................................85
5.1.14 Power and energy recording ....................................................................88
5.1.15 Waveform snapshoot ...............................................................................89
5.1.16 Inrushes ...................................................................................................89
5.2 EN 50160 Standard Overview .........................................................................91
5.2.1 Power frequency ......................................................................................91
5.2.2 Supply voltage variations .........................................................................91
5.2.3 Voltage dips (Indicative values)................................................................91
5.2.4 Short interruptions of the supply voltage ..................................................92
5.2.5 Long interruptions of the supply voltage...................................................92
5.2.6 Supply voltage unbalance ........................................................................92
5.2.7 THD voltage and harmonics.....................................................................92
5.2.8 4.4.2 Flicker severity ................................................................................92
5.2.9 PowerQ4 recorder setting for EN 50160 survey.......................................93
6 Technical specifications ......................................................................................93
6.1 General specifications .....................................................................................93
6.2 Measurements.................................................................................................94
6.2.1 General description ..................................................................................94
6.2.2 Phase Voltages ........................................................................................94
6.2.3 Line voltages ............................................................................................95
6.2.4 Current .....................................................................................................95
6.2.5 Frequency ................................................................................................96
6.2.6 Flickermeter .............................................................................................96
6.2.7 Power .......................................................................................................96
6.2.8 Power factor (Pf) ......................................................................................97
6.2.9 Displacement factor (Cos φ).....................................................................97
6.2.10 Energy......................................................................................................97
6.2.11 Voltage harmonics and THD ....................................................................98
6.2.12 Current harmonics and THD ....................................................................98
6.2.13 Unbalance ................................................................................................98
6.2.14 Time and duration uncertainty..................................................................98
6.3 Standards compliance.....................................................................................99
6.3.1 Compliance to the IEC 61557-12 .............................................................99
6.3.2 Compliance to the to the IEC 61000-4-30 ..............................................100
6.4 Maintenance..................................................................................................101
6.4.1 Inserting batteries into the instrument ....................................................101
6.4.2 Batteries .................................................................................................102
6.4.3 Power supply considerations..................................................................103
6.4.4 Cleaning .................................................................................................103
6.4.5 Periodic calibration .................................................................................103
6.4.6 Service ...................................................................................................103
6.4.7 Troubleshooting .....................................................................................103
1 Introduction 6
1 Introduction
PowerQ4 is handheld multifunction instrument for power quality analysis and energy
efficiency measurements.
Figure 1.1: Instrument PowerQ4
1.1 Main Features
• 4 voltage channels with wide measurement range: 0 ÷ 1000 Vrms, CAT III/1000V
• 4 current channels with support for automatic clamp recognition and “on
instrument” range selection
1
• Compliance with power quality standard IEC 61000-4-30 Class S. Predefined
recorder profile for EN 50160 survey.
• Power measurements compliance with IEC 61557-12 and IEEE 1448.
• Simultaneous 8 channels - 16bit AD conversion for accurate power
measurements (minimal phase shift error).
• Simple to use and powerful recorder with 8MB of memory and possibility to
record 509 different power quality signatures.
• Voltage events and user defined alarms capture
• 15 hour of autonomous (battery) supply.
1
only with Metrel »Smart clamps«
1 Introduction 7
• PowerView is a companion PC Software which provides easiest way to
download, view and analyze measured data or print.
o PowerView analyzer exposes a simple but powerful interface for
downloading instrument data and getting quick, intuitive and descriptive
analysis. Interface has been organized to allow quick selection of data
using a Windows Explorer-like tree view.
o User can easily download recorded data, and organize it into multiple sites
with many sub-sites or locations.
o Generate charts, tables and graphs for your power quality data analyzing,
and create professional printed reports
o Export or copy/paste data to other applications (e.g. spreadsheet) for
further analysis
o Multiple data records can be displayed and analyzed simultaneously.
Merge different logging data into one measurement, synchronize data
recorded with different instruments with time offsets, split logging data into
multiple measurements, or extract data of interest.
1.2 Safety considerations
To ensure operator safety while using the PowerQ4 instrument and to minimize the risk
of damage to the instrument, please note the following general warnings:
The instrument has been designed to ensure maximum operator safety. Usage
in a way other than specified in this manual may increase the risk of harm to the
operator!
Do not use the instrument and/or any accessories if there is any damage visible!
The instrument contains no user serviceable parts. Only an authorized dealer
can carry out service or adjustment!
All normal safety precautions have to be taken in order to avoid risk of electric
shock when working on electrical installations!
Only use approved accessories which are available from your distributor!
Instrument contains rechargeable NiMh batteries. The batteries should only be
replaced with the same type as defined on the battery placement label or in this
manual. Do not use standard batteries while power supply adapter/charger is
connected, otherwise they may explode!
Hazardous voltages exist inside the instrument. Disconnect all test leads,
remove the power supply cable and switch off the instrument before removing
battery compartment cover.
In hot (> 40 °C) environment the battery holder screw might reach maximum
allowed temperature for metal part of handle. In such environment it is advisable
not to touch the battery cover during or immediately after the charging.
Maximum voltage between any phase and neutral input is 1000 V
RMS
. Maximum
voltage between phases is 1730 V
RMS
.
Always short unused voltage inputs (L1, L2, L3) with neutral (N) input to prevent
1 Introduction 8
measurement errors and false event triggering due to noise coupling.
1.3 Applicable standards
The PowerQ4 series of instruments are designed and tested in accordance with the
following standards:
Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)
EN 61326-2-2: 2007
Electrical equipment for measurement, control and
laboratory use.
• Emission: Class A equipment (for industrial
purposes)
• Immunity for equipment intended for use in
industrial locations
Safety (LVD)
EN 61010-1 : 2001
Safety requirements for electrical equipment for
measurement, control and laboratory use
Measurements methods
IEC 61000-4-30 : 2008 Class S Testing and measurement techniques – Power
quality measurement methods
IEC 61557-12 : 2007 Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of
protective measures – Part 12: Performance
measuring and monitoring devices (PMD)
IEC 61000-4-7: 2002 Class II General guide on harmonics and interharmonics
measurements and instrumentation
IEC 61000-4-15 : 1997 Flickermeter – Functional and design specifications
EN 50160 : 2007 Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by
public distribution networks
Note about EN and IEC standards:
Text of this manual contains references to European standards. All standards of EN
6XXXX (e.g. EN 61010) series are equivalent to IEC standards with the same number
(e.g. IEC 61010) and differ only in amended parts required by European harmonization
procedure.
1.4 Abbreviations
In this document following symbols and abbreviations are used:
Cf
I
Current crest factor, including Cf
Ip
(phase p current crest factor) and Cf
IN
(neutral current crest factor). See 5.1.3 for definition.
Cf
U
Voltage crest factor, including Cf
Upg
(phase p to phase g voltage crest
factor) and Cf
Up
(phase p to neutral voltage crest factor). See 5.1.2 for
definition.
Cosϕ,
DPF
Displacement factor including Cosϕp / DPFp (phase p displacement
factor). See 5.1.5 and 5.1.6 for definition.
eP+ , eP
-
Active energy including ePp (phase p energy) and eP
tot
(total energy).
1 Introduction 9
Minus sign indicates generated energy and plus sign, indicate consumed
energy. See 5.1.7 for definition.
eQi+, eQc+,
eQi-, eQc-
Reactive energy including eQp (phase p energy) and eP
tot
(total energy).
Minus sign indicates generated energy and plus sign, indicate consumed
energy. Inductive reactive energy character is marked with “i” and
capacitive reactive energy character is marked with “c”. See 5.1.7 for
definition.
eS+, eS
-
Apparent power. See 5.1.7 for definition.
f, freq
Frequency, including freq
U12
(voltage frequency on U12), freqU1 (voltage
frequency on U1 and freqI1 (current frequency on I1). See 5.1.4 for
definition.
i-
Negative sequence current ratio (%). See 5.1.10 for definition.
i0
Zero sequence current ratio (%). See 5.1.10 for definition.
I
+
Positive sequence current component on three phase systems. See
5.1.10 for definition.
I-
Negative sequence current component on three phase systems. See
5.1.10 for definition.
I0
Zero sequence current components on three phase systems. See 5.1.10
for definition.
I
½Rms
RMS current measured over each half period , including Ip
½
Rms (phase p
current), I
N½Rms
(neutral RMS current)
I
Fnd
Fundamental RMS current Ih1 (on 1st harmonics), including IpFmd (phase p
fundamental RMS current) and INFmd (neutral RMS fundamental current).
See 5.1.8 for definition
Ih
n
nth current RMS harmonic component including Iph
n
(phase p n
th
RMS
current harmonic component) and INh
n
(neutral n
th
RMS current harmonic
component). See 5.1.8 for definition
I
Nom
Nominal current. Current of clamp-on current sensor for 1Vrms at output
I
Pk
Peak current, including IpPk (phase p current) including INPk (neutral peak
current)
I
Rms
RMS current, including IpRms (phase p current), I
NRms
(neutral RMS current).
See 5.1.3 for definition.
±
P, P+, P-
Active power including Pp (phase p active power) and P
tot
(total active
power). Minus sign indicates generated power and plus / no sign, indicate
consumed energy. See 5.1.5 and 5.1.6 for definition.
p, pg
Indices. Annotation for parameter on phase p: [1, 2, 3] or phase-to-phase
pg: [12, 23, 31]
PF, PFi+,
PFc+, PFi-,
PFc-
Power factor including PFp (phase p power factor vector) and P
tot
(total
power factor vector). Minus sign indicates generated power and plus sign,
indicate consumed power. Inductive power factor character is marked with
“i” and capacitive power factor character is marked with “c”.
Note: PF = Cos ϕ when no harmonics are present. See 5.1.5 and 5.1.6
for definition.
1 Introduction 10
Plt
Long term flicker (2 hours) including P
ltpg
(phase p to phase g long term
voltage flicker) and P
ltp
(phase p to neutral long term voltage flicker). See
5.1.9 for definition.
P
st
Short term flicker (10 minutes) including P
stpg
(phase p to phase g short
term voltage flicker) and P
stp
(phase p to neutral voltage flicker). See 5.1.9
for definition.
P
st1min
Short term flicker (1 minutes) including P
st1minpg
(phase p to phase g short
term voltage flicker) and P
st1minp
(phase p to neutral voltage flicker). See
5.1.9 for definition.
±
Q, Qi+,
Qc+, Qi-,
Qc-
Reactive power including Qp (phase p reactive power) and Q
tot
(total
reactive power). Minus sign indicates generated power and plus sign,
indicate consumed power. Inductive reactive character is marked with “i”
and capacitive reactive character is marked with “c”. See 5.1.5 and 5.1.6
for definition.
S, S+, S-
Apparent power including Sp (phase p active power) and S
tot
(total
apparent power). See 5.1.5 and 5.1.6 for definition. Minus sign indicates
apparent power during generation and plus sign indicate apparent power
during consumption. See 5.1.5 and 5.1.6 for definition.
THD
I
total harmonic distortion current related to fundamental, including THDIp
(phase p current THD) and THD
IN
(neutral current THD). See 5.1.8 for
definition
THD
U
total harmonic distortion voltage related to fundamental, including THD
Upg
(phase p to phase g voltage THD) and THDUp (phase p to neutral voltage
THD). See 5.1.10 for definition.
u-
Negative sequence voltage ratio (%). See 5.1.10 for definition.
u0
Zero sequence voltage ratio (%). See 5.1.10 for definition.
U, U
Rms
RMS voltage, including U
pg
(phase p to phase g voltage) and Up (phase p
to neutral). See 5.1.2 for definition.
U
+
Positive sequence voltage component on three phase systems. See
5.1.10 for definition.
U-
Negative sequence voltage component on three phase systems. See
5.1.10 for definition.
U
0
Zero sequence voltage component on three phase systems. See 5.1.10
for definition.
U
Dip
Minimal U
Rms(1/2)
voltage measured during dip occurrence
U
Fnd
Fundamental RMS voltage (Uh1 on 1st harmonics), including U
pgFnd
(phase
p to phase g fundamental voltage) and UpFmd (phase p to neutral
fundamental voltage). See 5.1.8 for definition
Uh
N
nth voltage RMS harmonic component including Upgh
N
(phase p to phase g
voltage nth RMS harmonic component) and Uph
N
(phase p to neutral
voltage nth RMS harmonic component). See 5.1.8 for definition.
U
Int
Minimal U
Rms(1/2)
voltage measured during interrupt occurrence
U
Nom
Nominal voltage, normally a voltage by which network is designated or
2 Description 11
identified
U
Pk
Peak voltage, including U
pgPk
(phase p to phase g voltage) and UpPk (phase
p to neutral voltage)
U
Rms(1/2)
RMS voltage refreshed each half-cycle, including U
pgRms(1/2)
(phase p to
phase g half-cycle voltage) and UpRms
(1/2)
(phase p to neutral half-cycle
voltage) See 5.1.11 for definition.
U
Swell
Swell U
Rms(1/2)
voltage measured during swell occurrence
2 Description
2.1 Front panel
Figure 2.1: Front panel
Front panel layout:
1. LCD
Graphic display with LED backlight, 320 x 200 pixels.
2. F1 – F4
Function keys.
3. ARROW keys
Move cursor and select parameters.
4. ENTER key
Confirms new settings, step into submenu
5. ESC key
Exits any procedure, exit from submenu
6. LIGHT key
LCD backlight on/off (backlight automatically turns off after 15
minutes if no key action occurs).
If the LIGHT key is pressed for more then 1.5 seconds,
CONTRAST menu is displayed, and the contrast can be
adjusted with the LEFT and RIGHT keys.
5
7
2 Description 12
7. ON-OFF key
Turns on/off the instrument.
2.2 Connector panel
IN I3 C B A I1
L1 L3C
N
A
I2
L2 B
1
2
Warning!
• Use safety test leads only!
• Max. permissible voltage between voltage
input terminals and ground is 1000 V
RMS
!
Figure 2.2: Top connector panel
Top connector panel layout:
1 Clamp-on current transformers (I1, I2, I3, IN ) input terminals.
2 Voltage (L1, L2, L3, N, GND) input terminals.
Figure 2.3: Side connector panel
Side connector panel layout:
1 External power socket.
2 PS-2 – RS-232 serial connector.
3 USB – Connector
2 Description 13
2.3 Bottom view
Figure 2.4: Bottom view
Bottom view layout:
1. Screws (unscrew to open the instrument).
2. Battery compartment.
3. Battery compartment screw (unscrew to replace the batteries).
2.4 Accessories
2.4.1 Standard accessories
Table 2.1: PowerQ4 standard accessories
Description Peaces
3000/300/30A Flexible current clamps A1227 4
Test tips – red 3
Test tip – black 1
Crocodile tips – red 3
Crocodile tip – black 1
Crocodile tip – green 1
Voltage measurement cables - red 3
Voltage measurement cables - black 1
Voltage measurement cables - green 1
2 Description 14
USB cable 1
RS-232 cable 1
12V/1.2A Power supply adapter 1
Rechargeable batteries, 6 pcs. 6
Soft carrying bag 1
PowerQ4 Instruction manual 1
Compact disk contest
• PC software PowerView with instruction manual
• PowerQ4 Instruction manual
• Handbook ”Modern Power Quality Measurement Techniques”
2.4.2 Optional accessories
Table 2.2: PowerQ4 optional accessories
Ord.
code
Description
A 1020 Small soft carrying bag
A 1033 Current clamp 1000A/1V
A 1037 Current transformer 5A/1V
A 1039 Clamp adapter
A 1069 Mini clamp 100A /1 V
A 1122 Mini clamp 5A /1 V
A 1179 3 - phase 2000 / 200 / 20 A
current clamp
S 2014 Safety fuse adapters
S 2015 Safety flat clamps
A 1279 Printer DPU 414*
A 1280 Mini clamp 200mA/5A/100A*
A 1281 Current clamp 5A/100A/1000A*
* Available in Q2 2010
3 Operating the instrument 15
3 Operating the instrument
This section describes how to operate the instrument. The instrument front panel
consists of a graphic LCD display and keypad. Measured data and instrument status
are shown on the display. Basic display symbols and keys description is shown on
figure bellow.
PowerQ4
Battery status:
· Animated icon – indicate battery charging
· Static icon – Indicate charge level
Current time
and date
Indicate that
supply adapter
is connected to
the instrument
Power On/Off
Escape:
Exit any
procedure
Function keys:
It's functions
depends on
active screen
Cursor keys:
· Move
· Zoom
· Scroll
Enter:
Select
procedure
Press & Hold for
contrast adjustment
Backlight On/Off
Figure 3.1: Display symbols and keys description
During measurement campaign various screens can be displayed. Most screens share
common labels and symbols. These are shown on figure bellow.
3 Operating the instrument 16
Figure 3.2: Common display symbols and labels during measurement campaign
3.1 Instrument Main Menu
After powering on the instrument the “MAIN MENU” is displayed. From this menu all
instrument functions can be selected.
Figure 3.3: “MAIN MENU”
Table 3.1: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations
Battery status
• Animated icon – indicate battery charging
• Static icon – Indicate charge level
Indicate that charger is connected to the instrument
Current time and date
Table 3.2: Keys function
Select function from the “MAIN MENU”.
Enter selected function.
3 Operating the instrument 17
3.2 U, I, f menu
All important voltage, current and frequency parameters can be observed in the “U, I, f”
menu. Measurements results can be viewed in a tabular (METER) or a graphical form
(SCOPE, TREND). TREND view is active only in RECORDING mode. See section 3.10
for details.
3.2.1 Meter
By entering U, I, f menu, the U, I, f – METER tabular screen is shown (see figure
below).
Figure 3.4: U, I, f meter table screens.
In those screens current on-line voltage and current measurements are shown.
Descriptions of symbol and abbreviations used in this menu are shown in table bellow.
Table 3.3: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations
Show currently displayed channel.
Current recorder status
RECORDER is active
RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory)
RECORDER is not active
Current instrument time
RMS True effective value U
Rms
and I
Rms
THD Total harmonic distortion THDU and THDI
CF Crest factor CfU and CfI
PEAK Peak value UPk and IPk
MAX 1/2 Maximal U
Rms(1/2)
voltage and maximal I
½Rms
current, measured after
RESET (key: F2)
MIN ½ Minimal U
Rms(1/2)
voltage and minimal I
½Rms
current, measured after
RESET (key: F2)
f Frequency on reference channel
Note: In case of AD converter overloading current and voltage value will be displayed
with inverted color 250.4 V.
3 Operating the instrument 18
Table 3.4: Keys function
Waveform snapshoot:
Hold measurement on display
Save held measurement into memory
Reset MAX ½ and MIN ½ values (U
Rms(1/2)
and I
½Rms
)
Show frequency trend (available only during recording)
Show measurements for phase L1
Show measurements for phase L2
Show measurements for phase L3
Show measurements for phase LN
Summary of all phases measurements
Show phase-to-phase voltages measurements
Switch to METER view.
Switch to SCOPE view
Switch to TREND view (available only during recording)
Return to the “MAIN MENU” screen.
3.2.2 Scope
Various combinations of voltage and current waveforms are displayed.
Figure 3.5: Voltage waveform
Figure 3.6: Current waveform
3 Operating the instrument 19
Figure 3.7: Voltage and current
waveform (single mode)
Figure 3.8: Voltage and current
waveform (dual mode)
Table 3.5: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations
Current recorder status
RECORDER is active
RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory)
RECORDER is not active
Current instrument time
Up
p: [1..3, N]
True effective value of phase voltage:
U
1Rms, U2Rms, U3Rms, UNRms
Upg
pg:[12,23,31]
True effective value of phase-to-phase (line) voltage:
U
12Rms, U23Rms, U31Rms
Ip
p: [1..3, N]
True effective value of current:
I
1Rms, I2Rms, I3Rms, INRms
Thd Total harmonic distortion for displayed quantity (THDU or THDI)
F Frequency on reference channel
Table 3.6: Keys function
Waveform snapshoot:
Hold measurement on display
Save held measurement into memory
Select which waveforms to show:
Show voltage waveform
Show current waveform
Show voltage and current waveform (single mode)
Show voltage and current waveform (dual mode)
Select between phase, neutral, all-phases and line view:
Show waveforms for phase L1
3 Operating the instrument 20
Show waveforms for phase L2
Show waveforms for phase L3
Show waveforms for phase LN
Summary of all phases waveforms
Switch to METER view.
Switch to SCOPE view
Switch to TREND view (available only during recording)
Select which waveform to zoom (only in U/I or U+I)
Set vertical zoom
Set horizontal zoom
Return to “MAIN MENU” screen
3.2.3 Trend
While RECORDER is active, TREND view is available (see section 3.10 for instructions
how to start recorder)..
Voltage and current trends
Current and voltage trends are observed by cycling function key F4 (METER-SCOPETREND).
Figure 3.9: Voltage trend
Figure 3.10: Voltage and
current trend (single mode)
3 Operating the instrument 21
Figure 3.11: Voltage and
current trend (dual mode)
Figure 3.12: Trends of all
current
Figure 3.13: Different combinations of voltage and current trends.
Table 3.7: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations
Current recorder status
RECORDER is active
RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory).
RECORDER is not active
Current instrument time
Up, Upg
p: [1..3; N]
Maximal ( ), average ( ) and minimal ( ) value of phase voltage
U
pRms
or line voltage U
pgRms
for last recorded time interval (IP)
Ip
p: [1..3, N]
Maximal ( ), average ( ) and minimal ( ) value of current I
pRms
for last
recorded time interval (IP)
Current RECORDER time
Maximal and minimal recorded voltage
Maximal and minimal recorded current
Table 3.8: Keys function
Zoom in
Zoom out
Select between the following options:
Show voltage trend
Show current trend
Show voltage and current trend (single mode)
Show voltage and current trend (dual mode)
Select between phase, neutral, all-phases and view:
Show trend for phase L1
Show trend for phase L2
3 Operating the instrument 22
Show trend for phase L3
Show trend for phase LN
Summary of all phases trends
Switch to METER view.
Switch to SCOPE view
Switch to TREND view
Select which waveform to zoom (only in U/I or U+I)
Return to “MAIN MENU” screen.
Frequency trend
Frequency trend can be seen from METER screen by pressing function key F2.
Figure 3.14: U, I, f frequency trend screen.
Table 3.9: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations
Current recorder status
RECORDER is active
RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory)
RECORDER is not active
Current instrument time
f
Maximal ( ), average ( ) and minimal ( ) value of frequency at
synchronization channel for last recorded time interval (IP)
Current RECORDER time
Maximal and minimal frequency on displayed graph
3 Operating the instrument 23
Table 3.10: Keys function
Zoom in
Zoom out
Return to METER view.
Set vertical zoom.
Set horizontal zoom.
Return to “MAIN MENU” screen.
3.3 Power menu
In POWER menu instrument show measured power parameters. Results can be seen in
a tabular (METER) or a graphical form (TREND). TREND view is active only while
RECORDER is active. See section 3.10 for instructions how to start recorder. In order to
fully understand meanings of particular power parameter see sections 5.1.5 and 5.1.6.
3.3.1 Meter
By entering Power menu from MAIN MENU the POWER – METER tabular screen is
shown (see figure below). METER screen show power, voltage and current signatures.
Figure 3.15: Power
measurements summary
Figure 3.16: Detailed Power
measurements at phase L1
Description of symbols and abbreviations used in METER screens are shown in table
bellow.
Table 3.11: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations
Show currently displayed channel.
Current recorder status
RECORDER is active
RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory)
3 Operating the instrument 24
RECORDER is not active
Current instrument time
P, Q, S Instantaneous active (P), reactive(Q) and apparent (S) power
PF, DPF Instantaneous power factor (PF) and displacement power factor (cos φ)
U True effective value U
Rms
I True effective value I
Rms
RMS True effective value U
Rms
and I
Rms
THD Total harmonic distortion THDU and THDI
CF Crest factor CfU and CfI
Table 3.12: Keys function
Waveform snapshoot:
Hold measurement on display
Save held measurement into memory
Toggle between HOLD (the results are frozen on the display)
and SAVE (save the frozen results).
Select between phase, neutral, all-phases and line view:
Show measurements for phase L1
Show measurements for phase L2
Show measurements for phase L3
Summary of all phases measurements
Show phase-to-phase voltages measurements
Switch to METER view (available only during recording)
Switch to TREND view (available only during recording)
Return to the MAIN MENU screen.
3.3.2 Trend
During active recording TREND view is available (see section 3.10 for instructions how
to start RECORDER).
Figure 3.17: Power trend screen.
3 Operating the instrument 25
Table 3.13: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations
Current recorder status
RECORDER is active
RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory)
RECORDER is not active
Show selected power mode:
Mot Consumed power data(+) are shown
Gen
Generated power data (-) are shown
Current instrument time
Pp±, Pt±
p: [1..3]
Maximal ( ), average ( ) and minimal ( ) value of consumed (P
1
+
,
P
2
+
, P
3
+
, P
tot
+
) or generated (P
1
-
, P
2
-
, P
3
-
, P
tot
-
) active power for last
recorded time interval (IP)
Qip±, Qit±
p: [1..3]
Maximal ( ), average ( ) and minimal ( ) value of consumed (Q
i1
+
,
Q
i2
+
, Q
i3
+
, Q
itot
+
) or generated (Q
i1
-
, Q
i2
-
, Q
i3
-
, Q
itot
-
) reactive inductive
power (Q
i1
±
, Q
i2
±
, Q
i3
±
, Q
itot
±
) for last recorded time interval (IP)
Qcp±, Qct±
p: [1..3]
Maximal ( ), average ( ) and minimal ( ) value of consumed (Q
c1
+
,
Q
c2
+
, Q
c3
+
, Q
ctot
+
) or generated (Q
c1
-
, Q
c2
-
, Q
c3
-
, Q
ctot
-
) reactive
capacitive power (Q
c1
±
, Q
c2
±
, Q
c3
±
, Q
ctot
±
) for last recorded time
interval (IP)
Sp±, St±
p: [1..3]
Maximal ( ), average ( ) and minimal ( ) value of consumed
apparent power (S
1
+
, S
2
+
, S
3
+
, S
tot
+
) or generated apparent power
(S
1
-
, S
2
-
, S
3
-
, S
tot
-
) for last recorded time interval (IP)
PFip±, PFit±
p: [1..3]
Maximal ( ), average ( ) and minimal ( ) value of inductive power
factor (1
st
quadrant: PF
i1
+
, PF
i2
+
, PF
i3
+
, PF
itot
+
and 3rd quadrant: PF
i1
-
,
PF
i2
-
, PF
i3
-
, PF
itot
-
) for last recorded time interval (IP)
PFcp±, PFt±
p: [1..3]
Maximal ( ), average ( ) and minimal ( ) value of capacitive power
factor (4
th
quadrant: PF
c1
+
, PF
c2
+
, PF
c3
+
, PF
ctot
+
and 2nd quadrant:
PF
c1
-
, PF
c2
-
, PF
c3
-
, PF
ctot
-
) for last recorded time interval (IP)
Current RECORDER time
Maximal and minimal recorded quantity
Table 3.14: Keys function
Zoom in
Zoom out
Press &
Hold
Select between consumed or generated power view:
3 Operating the instrument 26
Select between trending various parameters:
Active power
Reactive inductive power
Reactive capacitive power
Apparent power
Inductive power factor
Capacitive power factor
Inductive displacement factor (cos φ)
Capacitive displacement factor (cos φ)
Select between single phase, all-phases and total trend
graph
Power parameters for phase L1
Power parameters for phase L2
Power parameters for phase L3
Power parameters summary for all phases and totals
Power parameters for delta wired loads (3W)
Switch to METER view (available only during recording)
Switch to TREND view (available only during recording)
Return to “MAIN MENU” screen.
3.4 Energy menu
In energy menu instrument show status of energy counters. Results can be seen in a
tabular (METER) form. For representing data in graph (TREND) form, download data to
PC and use PowerView. Energy measurement is active only if RECORDER is active,
too. See section 3.10 for instructions how to start RECORDER. In order to fully
understand meanings of particular energy parameter see section 5.1.7. The meter
screen is shown on figure bellow.
Figure 3.18: Energy counters screen.
3 Operating the instrument 27
Table 3.15: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations
Current recorder status
RECORDER is active
RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory)
RECORDER is not active
Current instrument time
eP+ Consumed phase (eP
1
+
, eP
2
+
, eP
3
+
) or total (eP
tot
+
) active energy
eP- Generated phase (eP
1
-
, eP
2
-
, eP
3
-
) or total (eP
tot
-
) active energy
eQ+ Consumed phase (eQ
1
+
, eQ
2
+
, eQ
3
+
) or total (eQ
tot
+
) reactive energy
Note: eQ+ is two quadrant measurements. For separate measurements
(eQ
i
+
, eQ
c
-
) download data to PC and use PowerView in order to observe
results.
eQ- Generated phase (eQ
1
-
, eQ
2
-
, eQ
3
-
) or total (eQ
tot
-
) reactive energy
Note: eQ- is two quadrant measurements. For four quadrant
measurement (eQ
i
-
, eQ
c
+
) download data to PC and use PowerView in
order to observe results.
Pp, Pt
p: [1..3]
Instantaneous phase active power (P1, P2, P3) or total P
tot
active power
Qp, Qt
p: [1..3]
Instantaneous reactive power (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q
tot
) or total Q
tot
reactive power
Start Recorder start time
Duration Current RECORDER time
Table 3.16: Keys function
Select between single phase and total energy meter
Energy parameters for phase L1
Energy parameters for phase L2
Energy parameters for phase L3
Summary for all phases energy
Energy parameters for Totals
Toggle between time interval:
Show energy registers for last interval
Show energy registers for current interval
Show energy registers for whole record
Return to the MAIN MENU screen.
3.5 Harmonics menu
Harmonics presents voltage and current signals as sum of sinusoids of power frequency
and its integer multiples. Power frequency is called fundamental frequency. Sinusoidal
wave with frequency k times higher than fundamental (k is an integer) is called
3 Operating the instrument 28
harmonic wave and is denoted with amplitude and a phase shift (phase angle) to a
fundamental frequency signal. See 5.1.8 for details.
3.5.1 Meter
By entering HARMONICS menu from MAIN MENU the HARMONICS – METER tabular
screen is shown (see figure below). In this screens voltage and current harmonics and
THD are shown.
Figure 3.19: Harmonics meter table.
Description of symbols and abbreviations used in METER screens are shown in table
bellow.
Table 3.17: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations
Show currently displayed channel.
Current recorder status
RECORDER is active
RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory)
RECORDER is not active
Current instrument time
RMS True effective value U
Rms
and I
Rms
THD Total harmonic distortion THDU and THDI
hn
n: 0..50
nth harmonics voltage Uhn or current Ihn component
Table 3.18: Keys function
Waveform snapshoot:
Hold measurement on display
Save held measurement into memory
Represent harmonics as % of first harmonic RMS value
Represent values in RMS quantities (Volts, Ampere)
3 Operating the instrument 29
Select between single phases, neutral, all-phases and line
harmonics view
Harmonics components for phase L1
Harmonics components for phase L2
Harmonics components for phase L3
Harmonics components for neutral LN
Summary of components on all phases
Harmonics components for phase-to-phase voltages
Switch to METER view.
Switch to BAR view
Switch to TREND view (available only during recording)
Shift through harmonic components.
Return to the “MAIN MENU” screen.
3.5.2 Bar
Bar screen displays dual bar graphs. The first shows voltage harmonics and the second
shows current harmonics.
Figure 3.20: Harmonics b screens.
Description of symbols and abbreviations used in BAR screens are shown in table
bellow.
Table 3.19: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations
Current recorder status
RECORDER is active
RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory)
RECORDER is not active
Current instrument time
Show selected harmonic component
3 Operating the instrument 30
Up, UN
p:1..3
True effective phase or line voltage U
Rms
Ip, IN
P:1..3
True effective phase current I
Rms
ThdU Total voltage harmonic distortion THDU and THDI
ThdI Total Current harmonic distortion THDU and THDI
hn
n: 0..50
n-th voltage or current harmonic component Uhn or Ihn
Table 3.20: Keys function
Waveform snapshoot:
Hold measurement on display
Save held measurement into memory
Select between single phases, neutral, harmonics bars
Harmonics components for phase L1
Harmonics components for phase L2
Harmonics components for phase L3
Harmonics components for neutral LN
Switch to METER view.
Switch to BAR view
Switch to TREND view (available only during recording)
Select voltage or current cursor in order to move
Scale displayed waveform by amplitude.
Scroll cursor left or right.
Return to the “MAIN MENU” screen.
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