METREL MI 3108 EurotestPV Instruction Manual

EurotestPV

MI 3108

Instruction manual

Version 1.2, Code no. 20 751 987

2

Distributor:

Manufacturer:
METREL d.d.

Ljubljanska cesta 77
1354 Horjul
Slovenia
web site: http://www.metrel.si
e-mail: [e-mail]

Mark on your equip ment cert ifies t hat this eq uipm ent me et s the req uire ment s of th e EU
(European Unio n) concerning safety an d electromagneti c compatibility reg ul ati ons

© 2013 METREL

The trade names Metrel, Smartec, Eurotest, Autosequence are trademarks registered or pending in
Europe and other countries.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means
without permission in writing from METREL.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Table of contents

3

Table of contents

1 Preface .................................................................................................................... 6

2 Safety and operational considerations ................................................................. 7

2.1 Warnings and notes .......................................................................................... 7

2.2 Battery and charging ....................................................................................... 12

2.3 Standards applied ........................................................................................... 14

3 Instrument description ......................................................................................... 16

3.1 Front panel ...................................................................................................... 16

3.2 Connector panel .............................................................................................. 17

3.3 Back side ......................................................................................................... 18

3.4 Carrying the instrument ................................................................................... 19

3.4.1 Secure attachment of the strap .......................................................................... 20

3.5 Instrument set and accessories ....................................................................... 21

3.5.1 Standard set MI 3108 ........................................................................................ 21

3.5.2 Optional accessories ......................................................................................... 21

4 Instrument operation ............................................................................................ 22

4.1 Display and sound ........................................................................................... 22

4.1.1 Terminal voltage monitor ................................................................................... 22

4.1.2 Battery indication ............................................................................................... 22

4.1.3 Messages .......................................................................................................... 22

4.1.4 Results .............................................................................................................. 23

4.1.5 Sound warnings ................................................................................................. 23

4.1.6 Help screens ..................................................................................................... 23

4.1.7 Backlight and contrast adjustments ................................................................... 24

4.2 Function selection ........................................................................................... 24

4.3 Instruments main menu ................................................................................... 26

4.4 Settings ........................................................................................................... 26

4.4.1 Memory ............................................................................................................. 27

4.4.2 Language .......................................................................................................... 27

4.4.3 Date and time .................................................................................................... 27

4.4.4 RCD standard .................................................................................................... 28

4.4.5 Isc factor ............................................................................................................ 29

4.4.6 Commander support .......................................................................................... 29

4.4.7 Communication ................................................................................................. 30

4.4.8 Initial settings ..................................................................................................... 31

4.4.9 Clamp Settings .................................................................................................. 33

4.4.10 Synchronization (A 1378 - PV Remote unit) ....................................................... 33

4.4.11 Solar settings ..................................................................................................... 35

5 Measurements – a.c. LV installatio ns ................................................................. 38

5.1 Voltage, frequency and phase sequence ........................................................ 38

5.2 Insulation resistance ........................................................................................ 40

5.3 Resistance of earth connection and equipotential bondi ng ............................. 42

5.3.1 R LOWΩ, 200 mA resistance measurement ...................................................... 42

5.3.2 Continuous resistance measurement with low current ....................................... 43

5.3.3 Compensation of test leads resistance .............................................................. 44

5.4 Testing RCDs .................................................................................................. 46

5.4.1 Contact voltage (RCD Uc) ................................................................................. 47

MI 3108 EurotestPV Table of contents

4

5.4.2 Trip-out time (RCDt) .......................................................................................... 48

5.4.3 Trip-out current (RCD I) ..................................................................................... 48

5.4.4 RCD Autotest .................................................................................................... 50

5.5 Fault loop impedance and prospective fault current ........................................ 53

5.6 Line impedance and prospective short-circ ui t cur r ent / Volt ag e dr op .............. 55

5.6.1 Line impedance and prospective short circuit current ........................................ 56

5.6.2 Voltage drop ...................................................................................................... 57

5.7 Earth resistance .............................................................................................. 59

5.8 PE test terminal ............................................................................................... 61

6 Solar measurements - PV systems ..................................................................... 63

6.1 Insulation resistance on PV systems ............................................................... 63

6.2 PV inverter test ................................................................................................ 65

6.3 PV panel test ................................................................................................... 67

6.4 Measuring of environmental parameters ......................................................... 69

6.4.1 Operation with A1378 PV Remote Unit .................................................................... 71

6.5 Uoc / Isc test .................................................................................................... 71

6.6 I / V curve measurement ................................................................................. 73

7 Measurements - Power & Energy ........................................................................ 75

7.1 Power .............................................................................................................. 75

7.2 Harmonics ....................................................................................................... 76

7.3 Scope .............................................................................................................. 77

7.4 Current ............................................................................................................ 78

7.5 Energy ............................................................................................................. 79

8 Data handling ........................................................................................................ 81

8.1 Memory organization ....................................................................................... 81

8.2 Data structure .................................................................................................. 81

8.3 Storing test results ........................................................................................... 83

8.4 Recalling test results ....................................................................................... 84

8.5 Clearing stored data ........................................................................................ 85

8.5.1 Clearing complete memory content ................................................................... 85

8.5.2 Clearing measurement(s) in selected location ................................................... 85

8.5.3 Clearing individual measurements ..................................................................... 86

8.5.4 Renaming installation structure elements (upload from PC) .............................. 87

8.5.5 Renaming installation structure elements with serial barcode reader or RFID
reader 87

8.6 Communication ............................................................................................... 88

8.6.1 USB and RS232 communication ....................................................................... 88

8.6.2 Bluetooth communication .................................................................................. 89

9 Upgrading the instrument .................................................................................... 90

10 Maintenance ...................................................................................................... 91

10.1 Fuse replacement ............................................................................................ 91

10.2 Cleaning .......................................................................................................... 91

10.3 Periodic calibration .......................................................................................... 91

10.4 Service ............................................................................................................ 91

11 Technical specifications................................................................................... 92

11.1 Insulation resistance, Insulation resistance of PV systems ............................. 92

MI 3108 EurotestPV Table of contents

5

11.2 Continuity ........................................................................................................ 93

11.2.1 Resistance R LOWΩ ......................................................................................... 93

11.2.2 Resistance CONTINUITY .................................................................................. 93

11.3 RCD testing ..................................................................................................... 93

11.3.1 General data ...................................................................................................... 93

11.3.2 Contact voltage RCD-Uc ................................................................................... 94

11.3.3 Trip-out time ...................................................................................................... 94

11.3.4 Trip-out current .................................................................................................. 95

11.4 Fault loop impedance and prospective fault current ........................................ 95

11.4.1 No disconnecting device or FUSE selected ....................................................... 95

11.4.2 RCD selected .................................................................................................... 96

11.5 Line impedance and prospective short-circuit current / Voltage dr op .............. 96

11.6 Resistance to earth ......................................................................................... 97

11.7 Voltage, frequency, and phase rotation ........................................................... 97

11.7.1 Phase rotation ................................................................................................... 97

11.7.2 Voltage .............................................................................................................. 98

11.7.3 Frequency ......................................................................................................... 98

11.7.4 Online terminal voltage monitor ......................................................................... 98

11.8 TRMS Clamp current ....................................................................................... 98

11.9 Power tests ...................................................................................................... 99

11.10 PV tests ..................................................................................................... 100

11.10.1 Accuracy of STC data .................................................................................. 100

11.10.2 Panel, Inverter ............................................................................................. 100

11.10.3 I-V curve ...................................................................................................... 101

11.10.4 Uoc - Isc ...................................................................................................... 102

11.10.5 Environmental parameters ........................................................................... 102

11.10.6 Insulation Resistance of PV systems ........................................................... 103

11.11 General data .............................................................................................. 103

Appendix A - Fuse table ............................................................................................ 105

A.1 Fuse table - IPSC .......................................................................................... 105

Appendix B - Accessories for specific measurements .......................................... 108

Appendix C – Country notes .................................................................................... 110

C.1 List of country modifications .............................................................................. 110

C.2 Modification issues ............................................................................................ 110

C.2.1 AT modification - G type RCD................................................................................ 110

Appendix D – Commanders (A 1314, A 1401) ......................................................... 112

D.1 Warnings related to safety .......................................................................... 112

D.2 Battery ............................................................................................................... 112

D.3 Description of commanders ............................................................................... 112

D.4 Operation of commanders ................................................................................. 113

Appendix E – PV measurements - calculated values ............................................. 115

MI 3108 EurotestPV Preface

6

1 Preface

Congratulations on your purchase of the Eurotest instrument and its accessories from
METREL. The instrument was designed on a basis of rich experience, acquired through
many years of dealing with electric installation test equipment.

The Eurotest instrument is a professional, multifunctional, hand-held test instrument
intended to perform all the measurements on a.c. electrical LV installations and d.c.
photovoltaic systems.

The following measurements and tests can be performed on a.c. electrical LV
installations:

 Voltage and frequency,
 Continuity tests,
 Insulation resistance tests,
 RCD testing,
 Fault loop / RCD trip-lock impedance measurements,
 Line impedance / Voltage drop,
 Phase sequence,
 Earthing resistance tests,
 Current measurements,
 Power, harmonics and energy measurements.

Measurements and tests on PV systems:

 Voltages, currents and power in PV systems (Inverter and PV panels),
 Calculation of efficiencies and STC values in PV systems,
 Uoc / Isc measurements,
 Environmental parameters (Temperature and Irradiance),
 I-V curve test,
 Insulation resistance on PV systems.

The graphic display with backlight offers easy reading of results, indications,
measurement parameters and messages. Two LED Pass/Fail indicators are placed at
the sides of the LCD.
The operation of the instrument is designed to be as simple and clear as possible and
no special training (except for the reading this instruction manual) is required in order to
begin using the instrument.
In order for operator to be familiar enough with performing measurements in general
and their typical applications it is advisable to read Metrel handbook Guide for testing
and verification of low voltage installations.

The instrument is equipped with the entire necessary accessory for comfortable testing.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Safety and operational considerations

7

2 Safety and operational considerations

2.1 Warnings and notes

In order to maintain the highest level of operator safety while carrying out various tests
and measurements, Metrel recommends keeping your Eurotest instruments in good
condition and undamaged. When using the instrument, consider the following general
warnings:

General warnings related to safety:

 The symbol on the instrument means »Read the Instruction manual

with special care for safe oper at io n«. The symbol requires an action!

 If the test equipment is used in a manner not specified in this user manual,

the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired!

 Read this user manual carefully, otherwise the use of the instrument may

be dangerous for the operator, the instrument or for the equ ipment under
test!

 Do not use the instrument or any of the accessories if any damage is

noticed!

 Consider all generally known precautions in order to avoid risk of electric

shock while dealing with hazardous voltages!

 If the 315 mA fuse blows follow the instructions in this manual in order to

replace it! Use only fuses that are specified!

 Do not disassemble or repair the high breaking current fuse block! In case

it fails the entire block must be replaced with a new original one!

 Do not use the instrument in AC supply systems with voltages higher than

550 Va.c.

 Service, repairs or adjustment of instruments and accessories is only

allowed to be carried out by a competent authorized personnel!

 Use only standard or optional test accessories supplied by your

distributor!

 Consider that protection category of some accessories is lower than of the

instrument. Test tips and Tip commander have removable caps. If they are
removed the protection falls to CAT II. Check markings on accessories!
(cap off, 18 mm tip)…CAT II up to 1000 V
(cap on, 4 mm tip)… CAT II 1000 V / CAT III 600 V / CAT IV 300 V

 The instrument comes supplied with rechargeable Ni-MH battery cells. The

cells should only be replaced with the same type as defined on the battery
compartment label or as described in this manual. Do not use standard
alkaline battery cells while the power supply adapter is connected,
otherwise they may explode!

MI 3108 EurotestPV Safety and operational considerations

8

 Hazardous voltages exist inside the instrument. Disconnect all test leads,

remove the power supply cable and switch off the instrument before
removing battery compartment cover.

 Do not connect any voltage source on C1 and P/C2 inputs. They are

intended only for connection of current clamps and sensors. Maximal input
voltage is 3 V!

 All normal safety precautions must be taken in order to avoid risk of

electric shock while workin g on el ect ri cal in stal lat io ns!

 If the instrument is not in SOLAR operating mode the instrument displays a

warning if an external DC voltage of higher than 50 V is applied to the
instrument. Measurements are blocked.

Warnings related to safety of measurement functions:

All PV functions

 Use only dedicated accessories for testing on PV electrical installations.

Accessories for PV installations have yellow marked connectors.
Appropriate warnings are displayed.

PV Safety probe A1384 has inbuilt protective circuit that safely disconnects the
instrument from the PV installation in case of a failure in the instrument.
PV test lead A1385 has integrated fuses that safely disconnects instrument from
the PV installation in case of a failure in the instrument.

 Do not use the instrument in PV systems with voltages higher than 1000 V

d.c. and/ or currents higher than 15 A d.c. ! Otherwise the instrument can
be damaged.

 PV sources can produce very high voltages and c urrents. Only skilled and

trained personnel should perform measurements on photovoltaic systems.

 Local regulations should be considered.
 Safety precautions for working on the roof should be considered.
 In case of a fault in the measuring system (wires, devices, connections,

measuring instrument, accessories), presence of flammable gases, very
high moisture or heavy dust an electrical arc can occur that will not
extinguish by itself. Arcs can lead to fire and can cause heavy damage.
Users must be skilled to disconnect the PV system safely in this case.

Insulation resistance, Insulation resistance of PV systems

 Insulation resistance measurement should only be performed on de-energized

objects!

 Do not touch the test object during the measurement or before it is fully

discharged! Risk of electric shock!

MI 3108 EurotestPV Safety and operational considerations

9

 When an insulation resistance measurement has been performed on a capacitive

object, automatic discharge may not be done immediately! The warning message

and the actual voltage are displayed during discharge until voltage drops

below 10 V.

Continuity functions

 Continuity measurements should only be performed on de-energized objects!
 Parallel loops may influence on test results.

Testing PE terminal

 If phase voltage is detected on the tested PE terminal, stop all measurements

immediately and ensure the cause of the fault is eliminated before proceeding
with any activity!

Notes related to measurement functions:
General

 The indicator means that the selected measurement cannot be performed

because of irregular conditions on input terminals.

 Insulation resistance, continuity functions and earth resistance measurements

can only be performed on de-energized objects.

 PASS / FAIL indication is enabled when limit is set. Apply appropriate limit value

for evaluation of measurement results.

 In the case that only two of the three wires are connected to the electrical

installation under test, only voltage indication between these two wires is valid.

Insulation resistance, Insulation resistance of PV systems

 Insulation resistance:

If a voltage of higher than 30 V (AC or DC) is detected between test terminals,
the insulation resistance measurement will not be performed.

Insulation resistance of PV systems:

Different pre-tests are carried out. If conditions are proper and safe the
measurement will be be continued.

Otherwise or or message is displayed.

 The instrument automatically discharge tested object after finished

measurement.

 A double click of TEST key starts a continuous measurement.

Continuity functions

 If a voltage of higher than 10 V (AC or DC) is detected between test terminals,

the continuity resistance test will not be performed.

 Compensate test lead resistance before performing a continuity measurement,

where necessary.

RCD functions

MI 3108 EurotestPV Safety and operational considerations

10

 Parameters set in one function are also kept for other RCD functions!
 The measurement of contact voltage does not normally trip an RCD. However,

the trip limit of the RCD may be exceeded as a result of leakage current flowing
to the PE protective conductor or a capacitive connection between L and PE
conductors.

 The RCD trip-lock sub-function (function selector switch in LOOP position) takes

longer to complete but offers much better accuracy of fault loop resistance (in
comparison to the RL sub-result in Contact voltage function).

 RCD trip-out time and RCD trip-out current measurements will only be performed

if the contact voltage in the pre-test at nominal differential current is lower than
the set contact voltage limit!

 The autotest sequence (RCD AUTO function) stops when trip-out time is out of

allowable time period.

Z-LOOP

 The low limit prospective short-circuit current value depends on fuse type, fuse

current rating, fuse trip-out time and impedance scaling factor.

 The specified accuracy of tested parameters is valid only if the mains voltage is

stable during the measurement.

 Fault loop impedance measurements will trip an RCD.
 The measurement of fault loop impedance using trip-lock function does not

normally trip an RCD. However, the trip limit may be exceeded if a leakage
current flows to the PE protective conductor or if there is a capacitive connection
between L and PE conductors.

Z-LINE / Voltage drop

 In case of measurement of Z

Line-Line

with the instrument test leads PE and N
connected together the instrument will display a warning of dangerous PE
voltage. The measurement will be performed anyway.

 Specified accuracy of tested parameters is valid only if mains voltage is stable

during the measurement.

 L and N test terminals are reversed automatically according to detected terminal

voltage (except in UK version).

Power / Harmonics / Energy / Current

 Before starting any Power measurement the current clamp settings in Settings

menu should be checked. Select appropriate current clamp model and
measuring range that are best fitted to the expected current values.

 Consider polarity of current clamp (arrow on test clamp should be oriented

toward connected load), otherwise result will be negative!

PV measurements

 A 1384 PV Safety Probe must be used for PANEL, UOC/ISC, I/V, INVERTER

(AC, DC) and ISO PV measurements.

 A 1385 PV test lead must be used for INVERTER AC/DC measurements.
 Before starting a PV measurement the settings of PV module type and PV test

parameters should be checked.

 Environmental parameters (Irr, T) can be measured or entered manually.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Safety and operational considerations

11

 Environmental conditions (irradiance, temperature) must be stable during the

measurements.

 For calculation of STC results measured Uoc / Isc values, irradiance,

temperature (ambient or cell), and PV module parameters must be known. Refer
to Appendix E for more information.

 Always perform zeroing of DC current clamps before test.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Safety and operational considerations

12

2.2 Battery and charging

The instrument uses six AA size alkaline or rechargeable Ni-MH battery cells. Nominal
operating time is declared for cells with nominal capacity of 2100 mAh. Battery condition
is always displayed in the lower right display part. In case the battery is too weak the
instrument indicates this as shown in figure 2.1. This indication appears for a few
seconds and then the instrument turns itself off.

Figure 2.1: Discharged battery indication

The battery is charged whenever the power supply adapter is connected to the
instrument. The power supply socket polarity is shown in figure 2.2. Internal circuit
controls charging and assures maximum battery lifetime.

+

-

Figure 2.2: Power supply socket polarity

Symbols:

Indication of battery charging

Figure 2.3: Charging indication

Warnings related to safety:

 When connected to an installation, the instruments battery compartment can

contain hazardous voltage inside! When replacing battery cells or before
opening the battery/fuse compartment cover, disconnect any measuring
accessory connected to the instrument and turn off the instrument,

 Ensure that the battery cells are inserted correctly otherwise the instrument will

not operate and the batteries could be discharged.

 Do not recharge alkaline battery cells!
 Use only power supply adapter delivered from the manufacturer or distributor of

the test equipment !

Notes:

 The charger in the instrument is a pack cell charger. This means that the battery

cells are connected in series during the charging. The battery cells have to be
equivalent (same charge condition, same type and age).

MI 3108 EurotestPV Safety and operational considerations

13

 If the instrument is not to be used for a long period of time, remove all batteries

from the battery compartment.

 Alkaline or rechargeable Ni-MH batteries (size AA) can be used. Metrel

recommends only using rechargeable batteries with a capacity of 2100mAh or
above.

 Unpredictable chemical processes can occur during the charging of battery cells

that have been left unused for a longer period (more than 6 months). In this case
Metrel recommends to repeat the charge / discharge cycle at least 2-4 times.

 If no improvement is achieved after several charge / discharge cycles, then each

battery cell should be checked (by comparing battery voltages, testing them in a
cell charger, etc). It is very likely that only some of the battery cells are
deteriorated. One different battery cell can cause an improper behavior of the
entire battery pack!

 The effects described above should not be confused with the normal decrease of

battery capacity over time. Battery also loses some capacity when it is repeatedly
charged / discharged. This information is provided in the technical specification
from battery manufactur er .

MI 3108 EurotestPV Safety and operational considerations

14

2.3 Standards applied

The Eurotest instruments are manufactured and tested in accordance with the following
regulations:

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

EN 61326

Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory

use – EMC requirements

Class B (Hand-held equipment used in controlled EM environments)

Safety (LVD)

EN 61010-1

Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control
and laboratory use – Part 1: General requirements

EN 61010-2-030

Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control

and laboratory use – Part 2-030:

Particular requirements for testing

and measuring circuits

EN 61010-031

Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control

and laboratory use – Part 031: Safety requirements for hand-

held

probe assemblies for electr i c al measur ement and test

EN 61010-2-032

Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement,

control, and laboratory use - Part 2-

032: Particular requirements for

hand-held and hand-

manipulated current sensors for electrical test

and measurement

Functionality

EN 61557

Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1000 VAC

and 1500 VAC –

Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of

protective measures

Part 1 General requirements

Part 2 Insulation resistance
Part 3 Loop resistance
Part 4 Resistance of earth connecti on and eq ui pot ential
bonding
Part 5 Resistance to earth
Part 6 Residual current devices (RCDs) in TT and TN systems
Part 7. Phase sequence
Part 10 Combined measuring equipment

Part 12 Performance measuring and monitoring devices (PMD)

Reference standards for electrical installations and components

EN 61008

Residual current operated circuit-breakers without integral overcurrent
protection for household and similar uses

EN 61009

Residual current operated circuit-breakers with integral overcurrent
protection for household and similar uses

EN 60364-4-41

Electrical installations of buildings Part 4-41 Protection for safety –
protection against electric shock

BS 7671

IEE Wiring Regulations (17th edition)

AS/NZS 3017

Electrical installations – Verification guidelines

Reference standard for photovoltaic systems

EN 62446

Grid connected photovoltaic systems – Minimum requirements for
system documentation, commissioning tests and inspection

MI 3108 EurotestPV Safety and operational considerations

15

Note about EN and IEC standards:

 Text of this manual contains references to European standards. All standards of

EN 6XXXX (e. g. EN 61010) series are equivalent to IEC standards with the same
number (e.g. IEC 61010) and differ only in amended parts required by European
harmonization procedure.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument description

16

3 Instrument description

3.1 Front panel

Figure 3.1: Front panel

Legend:

1

LCD

128 x 64 dots matrix display with backlight.

2

UP

Modifies selected parameter.

3

DOWN

4

TEST

TEST

Starts measurements.

Acts also as the PE touching electrode.

5

ESC

Goes one level back.

6

TAB

Selects the parameters in selected function.

7

Backlight,
Contrast

Changes backlight level and contrast.

8 ON / OFF

Switches the instrument power on or off.

The instrument automatically turns off 15 minutes after the
last key was pressed

9 HELP / CAL

Accesses help menus.

Calibrates test leads in Continuity functions.

Starts Z

REF

measurement in Voltage drop sub-function.

10

Function selector

- RIGHT

Selects test function.

11

Function selector

- LEFT

12

MEM

Stores / recalls memory of instrument.
Stores clamp and solar settings.

13

Green LEDs
Red LEDs

Indicates PASS / FAIL of result.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument description

17

3.2 Connector panel

Figure 3.2: Connector panel (pic tur e of MI 31 08)

Legend:

1

Test connector

Measuring inputs / outputs

2

Charger socket

3 USB connector

Communication with PC USB (1.1) port.

4

Protection cover

5 C1

Current clamp measuring input #1

6 P/C2

Current clamp measuring input #2
Measuring input for exter nal pro bes

7 PS/2 connector

Communication with PC serial port

Connection to optional measuring adapters
Connection to barcode / RFID reader

Connection to Bluetooth dongle

Warnings!

 Maximum allowed voltage between any test terminal and ground is 600 V

a.c., 1000 V d.c.!

 Maximum allowed voltage between test terminals on test connector is 600 V

a.c., 1000 V d.c.!

 Maximum allowed voltage between test terminals P/C2, C1 is 3 V!
 Maximum short-term voltage of external power supply adapter is 14 V!

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument description

18

3.3 Back side

1

2

3

Figure 3.3: Back panel

Legend:

1

Battery / fuse compartment cover

2

Back panel information label

3

Fixing screws for battery / fuse compartment
cover

Figure 3.4: Battery and fuse compartment

Legend:

1

Fuse F1

FF 315 mA / 1000 V d.c.
(Breaking capacity: 50 kA)

2

High breaking current fuse block

3 Serial number label

4 Battery cells

Size AA, alkaline / rechargeable NiMH

5

Battery holder

Can be removed from the instrument

MI 3108 EurotestPV: Instrum ent description

19

3

1

2

R: 0.0 1999 Test current: max. 8.5mA
Open-circuit voltage:6.5V

  

Continu ity 7mA







R: 0.18M 199.9M , U =50V ,100 ,
R: 0.12M 999M , U = 500V , 1kV
U: 0V 1200V
Nominal voltages: 100V , 250V , 500V , 1kV
Measuring current: min. 1mA at R =U 1k /V
Short-circuit current: < 3mA






N





N

N N









Insulation resistance (EN 61557-2)



V 250V



Continu ity

Trippi ng tim e

non-delayed (time-delayed) RCDs



  

1: 0ms 300ms (500ms)
2: 0ms 150ms (200ms)
5: 0ms 40ms (150ms), U : 0.0V 100.0V

C

Trippi ng cur re nt

I : 0.2 I 1.1 I A C (
t : 0ms 300ms, U : 0.0V 100.0V



�



 

C

�� � �

N N N

 

1.5 I A)

Multiplier: 0.5, 1, 2, 5



Contact voltage

U : 0.0V 100.0V
R : 0.00 10.0 0k (R =U / I )

C
S SCN



    

�

R : 0. 1999 I : 0. A . kA

L-N(L) PSC

17 20 1 4

Nominal voltage: 100V 440V/ 15Hz 500Hz



 

Line impedance(EN 61557-3)

  

Fault loop (EN 61557-3)

R : 0. 1999
I : 0. A . kA



PFC

14 14

Nominal voltage: 100V 264V/ 15Hz 500Hz



 

impedance

L-PE

17





Voltage, frequency

U: 0V 440V / f: 15Hz 500Hz



Phase rotation (EN 61557-7)

Nominal voltage: 100V 440V / 1 00
Results: 1.2.3 or 2.1.3

 

5Hz 5 Hz

RCD(EN 61557-6)

I : 10mA, 30mA, 100mA, 300mA, 500mA, 1A
Nominal voltage: 100V 264V/ 15Hz 500Hz

�

 

R Low (EN 61557-4)



 





R: 0.12 1999
Test current: min. ±200mA at 2
Open-circuit voltage: 6.5V 9.0V




Resistance to earth (EN 61557-5)

R: 0.04 9999
Open-circuit voltage:
Short-circuit current



< 45V

: < 20m A

RMS



Ljubljanska 77
SI - 1354 Horjul
Tel: [phone]
http://www.metrel.si

20 224 832

CAT III 600V

�

550V

Figure 3.5: Bottom

Legend:

1

Bottom information label

2

Neck belt openings

3

Handling side covers

3.4 Carrying the instrument

With the neck-carrying belt supplied in standard set, various possibilities of carrying the
instrument are available. Operator can choose appropriate one on basis of his
operation, see the following examples:

The instrument hangs
around operators neck
only - quick placing and
displacing.

MI 3108 EurotestPV: Instrum ent description

20

The instrument can be used even when placed in
soft carrying bag – test cable connected to the
instrument through the front aperture.

3.4.1 Secure attachment of the strap

You can choose between two methods:

Figure 3.6: First method

Figure 3.7: Alternativ e method

Please perform a periodical check o f the att achment.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument description

21

3.5 Instrument set and accessories

3.5.1 Standard set MI 3108

 Instrument
 Soft carrying bag, 2 pcs
 PV Safety Probe
 Pyranometer
 PV Temperature probe
 AC/ DC current clamp
 Schuko-plug test cable
 Test lead, 3 x 1.5 m
 Test probe, 4 pcs
 Crocodile clip, 4 pcs
 Set of carrying straps
 PV MC 4 adapter male
 PV MC 4 adapter female
 PV MC 3 adapter male
 PV MC 3 adapter female
 RS232-PS/2 cable
 USB cable
 Set of NiMH battery cells
 Power supply adapter
 CD with instruction manual, and “Guide for testing and verification of low voltage

installations” handb ook.

 Short instruction manual
 Calibration Certificate

3.5.2 Optional accessories

See the attached sheet for a list of optional accessories that are available on request
from your distributor.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument operation

22

4 Instrument operation

4.1 Display and sound

4.1.1 Terminal voltage monitor

The terminal voltage monitor displays on-line the voltages on the test terminals and
information about active test terminals in the a.c. installation measuring mode.

Online voltages are displayed together with test terminal indication. All
three test terminals are used for selected measurement.

Online voltages are displayed together with test terminal indication. L
and N test terminals are used for selected measurement.

L and PE are active test terminals; N terminal should also be connected

for correct input voltage condition.

4.1.2 Battery indication

The battery indication indicates the charge condition of battery and connection of
external charger.

Battery capacity indication.

Low battery.
Battery is too weak to guarantee correct result. Replace or
recharge the battery cells.

Charging in progress (if power supply adapter is connected).

4.1.3 Messages

In the message field warnings and messages are displayed.

Measurement is running, consider displayed warnings.

Conditions on the input terminals allow starting the measurement;
consider other displayed warnings and messages.

Conditions on the input terminals do not allow starting the
measurement, consider displayed warnings and messages.

RCD tripped-out during the measurement (in RCD functions).

Instrument is overheated. The measurement is prohibited until the
temperature decreases under the allowed limit.

Result(s) can be stored.

High electrical noise was detected during measurement. Results may
be impaired.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument operation

23

L and N are changed.

Warning! High voltage is applied to the test terminals.

Warning! Dangerous voltage on the PE terminal! Stop the activity

immediately and eliminate the fault / connection problem before
proceeding with any activity!

Test leads resistance in Continuity measurement is not compensated.
Test leads resistance in Continuity measurement is compensated.

High resistance to earth of test probes. Results may be impaired.

Too small current for declared accuracy. Results may be impaired.
Check in Current Clamp Settings if sensitivity of current clamp can be
increased.

Measured signal is out of range (clipped). Results are impaired.
Fuse F1 is broken.

External DC voltage is detected. Measurements in this operating mode
are blocked.

4.1.4 Results

Measurement result is inside pre-set limits (PASS).
Measurement result is out of pre-set limits (FAIL).
Measurement is aborted. Consider displayed warnings and messages.

4.1.5 Sound warnings

Continuous sound

Warning! Dangerous voltage on the PE terminal is detected.

4.1.6 Help screens

HELP

Opens help screen.

Help menus are available in all functions. The Help menu contains schematic diagrams
for illustrating how to properly connect the instrument to electric installation or PV
system. After selecting the measurement you want to perform, press the HELP key in
order to view the associated Help menu.

Keys in help menu:

UP / DOWN

Selects next / previous help screen.

ESC / HELP /
Function selector

Exits help menu.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument operation

24

Figure 4.1: Examples of help screens

4.1.7 Backlight and contrast adjustments

With the BACKLIGHT key backlight and contrast can be adjusted.

Click

Toggles backlight intensity level.

Keep pressed for 1 s

Locks high intensity backlight level until power is turned off or the
key is pressed again.

Keep pressed for 2 s

Bargraph for LCD contrast adjustment is displayed.

Figure 4.2: Contrast adjustment menu

Keys for contrast adjustment:

DOWN

Reduces contrast.

UP

Increases contrast.

TEST

Accepts new contrast.

ESC

Exits without changes.

4.2 Function selection

For selecting test / measurement function within each test mode the FUNCTION
SELECTOR keys shall be used.

Keys:

Function selector

Selects test / measurement function.

UP/DOWN

Selects sub-function in selected measurement funct ion.
Selects screen to be viewed (if results are split into more screens).

TAB

Selects the test parameter to be set or modified.

TEST

Runs selected test / measure me nt function.

MEM

Stores measured results / recalls stored results.

ESC

Exits back to main menu.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument operation

25

Keys in test parameter field:

UP/DOWN

Changes the selected parameter.

TAB

Selects the next measuring parameter.

Function selector

Toggles between the main functions.

MEM

Stores measured results / recalls stored results

General rule regarding enabling parameters for evaluation of measurement / test result:

Parameter

OFF

No limit values, indication: _ _ _.

ON

Value(s) – results will be marked as PASS or FAIL in

accordance with selected limit.

See Chapter 5 for more information about the operation of the instrument test functions.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument operation

26

4.3 Instruments main menu

In instrument’s main menu the test mode can be selected. Different instrument options
can be set in the SETTINGS menu.

 <INSTALLATION> a.c. LV installation testing
 <POWER> Power & Energy testing
 <SOLAR> PV systems testing
 <SETTINGS> Instrument settings

Figure 4.3: Main menu

Keys:

UP / DOWN

Selects appropriate opt ion.

TEST

Enters selected option.

4.4 Settings

Different instrument options can be set in the SETTINGS menu.

Options are:

 Recalling and clearing stored results
 Selection of language
 Setting the date and time
 Selection of reference stand ar d f or

RCD tests

 Entering Isc factor
 Commander support
 Setting the instrument to initial values
 Settings for Bluetooth com mu ni cat ion
 Settings for current clamps
 Menu for synchronization with PV

Remote unit

 Settings for PV measureme nts

Figure 4.4: Options in Settings menu

Keys:

UP / DOWN

Selects appropriate opt ion.

TEST

Enters selected option.

ESC /
Function selector

Exits back to main menu.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument operation

27

4.4.1 Memory

In this menu the stored data can be recalled or
deleted. See chapter 8 Data han dl ing for more
information.

Figure 4.5: Memory options

Keys:

UP / DOWN

Selects option.

TEST

Enters selected option.

ESC

Exits back to settings menu.

Function selector

Exits back to main menu without changes.

4.4.2 Language

In this menu the language can be set.

Figure 4.6: Language selecti on

Keys:

UP / DOWN

Selects language.

TEST

Confirms selected language and exits to settings menu.

ESC

Exits back to settings menu.

Function selector

Exits back to main menu without changes.

4.4.3 Date and time

In this menu date and time can be set.

Figure 4.7: Setting date and time

Keys:

TAB

Selects the field to be changed.

UP / DOWN

Modifies selected field.

TEST

Confirms new date / time and exits .

ESC

Exits back to settings menu.

Function selector

Exits back to main menu without changes.

Warning:

 If the batteries are removed for more than 1 minute the set date and time will be

lost.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument operation

28

4.4.4 RCD standard

In this menu the used standard for RCD

tests can be set.

Figure 4.8: Selection of RCD test

standard

Keys:

UP / DOWN

Selects standard.

TEST

Confirms selected standard.

ESC

Exits back to settings menu.

Function selector

Exits back to main menu without changes.

Maximum RCD disconnection times differ in various standards.
The trip-out times defined in individual standards are listed below.

Trip-out times according to EN 61008 / EN 61009:

½×I

∆N

*)

I

∆N

2×I

∆N

5×I

∆N

General RCDs
(non-delayed)

t∆ > 300 ms t∆ < 300 ms t∆ < 150 ms t∆ < 40 ms

Selective RCDs
(time-delayed)

t∆ > 500 ms 130 ms < t∆ < 500 ms 60 ms < t∆ < 200 ms 50 ms < t∆ < 150 ms

Trip-out times according to EN 60364-4-41:

½×I

∆N

*)

I

∆N

2×I

∆N

5×I

∆N

General RCDs
(non-delayed)

t∆ > 999 ms t∆ < 999 ms t∆ < 150 ms t∆ < 40 ms

Selective RCDs
(time-delayed)

t∆ > 999 ms 130 ms < t∆ < 999 ms 60 ms < t∆ < 200 ms 50 ms < t∆ < 150 ms

Trip-out times according to BS 7671:

½×I

∆N

*)

I

∆N

2×I

∆N

5×I

∆N

General RCDs
(non-delayed)

t∆ > 1999 ms

t∆ < 300 ms t∆ < 150 ms t∆ < 40 ms

Selective RCDs
(time-delayed)

t∆ > 1999 ms 130 ms < t∆ < 500 ms 60 ms < t∆ < 200 ms 50 ms < t∆ < 150 ms

Trip-out times according to AS/NZS 3017

**)

:

½×I

∆N

*)

I

∆N

2×I

∆N

5×I

∆N

RCD type

I∆N [mA]

t

∆

t

∆

t

∆

t

∆

Note

I

≤ 10

> 999 ms

40 ms

40 ms

40 ms

Maximum brea k time

II

> 10 ≤ 30

300 ms

150 ms

40 ms

III

> 30

300 ms

150 ms

40 ms

IV

S

> 30 > 999 ms

500 ms

200 ms

150 ms

130 ms

60 ms

50 ms

Minimum non-actuating time

*)

Minimum test period for current of ½×I∆N, RCD shall not trip-out.

**)

Test current and measurement accuracy correspond to AS/NZS 3017 requirements.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument operation

29

Maximum test times related to selected test current for general (non-delayed) RCD

Standard

½×I

∆N

I

∆N

2×I

∆N

5×I

∆N

EN 61008 / EN 61009

300 ms

300 ms

150 ms

40 ms

EN 60364-4-41

1000 ms

1000 ms

150 ms

40 ms

BS 7671

2000 ms

300 ms

150 ms

40 ms

AS/NZS 3017 (I, II, III)

1000 ms

1000 ms

150 ms

40 ms

Maximum test times related to selected test current for selective (time-delayed) RCD

Standard

½×I

∆N

I

∆N

2×I

∆N

5×I

∆N

EN 61008 / EN 61009

500 ms

500 ms

200 ms

150 ms

EN 60364-4-41

1000 ms

1000 ms

200 ms

150 ms

BS 7671

2000 ms

500 ms

200 ms

150 ms

AS/NZS 3017 (IV)

1000 ms

1000 ms

200 ms

150 ms

4.4.5 Isc factor

In this menu the Isc factor for calculation of

short circuit current in Z-LINE and Z-LOOP
measurements can be set.

Figure 4.9: Selection of Isc factor

Keys:

UP / DOWN

Sets Isc value.

TEST

Confirms Isc value.

ESC

Exits back to settings menu.

Function selectors

Exits back to main menu without changes.

Short circuit current Isc in the supply system is important for selection or verification of
protective circuit breakers (fuses, over-current breaking devices, RCDs).
The default value of Isc factor (ksc) is 1.00. The value should be set according to local
regulative.
Range for adjustment of the Isc factor is 0.20 ÷ 3.00.

4.4.6 Commander support

T

he support for remote commanders can be

enabled or disabled in this menu.

Figure 4.10: Selection of commander

support

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument operation

30

Keys:

UP / DOWN

Selects commander option.

TEST

Confirms selected option.

ESC

Exits back to settings menu.

Function selector

Exits back to main menu without changes.

Note:

 Commander disabled option is intended to disable the commander’s remote

keys. In the case of high EM interfering noise the operation of the commander
can be irregular.

4.4.7 Communication

In this menu the Bluetooth dongle A 1436
can be initialized and device for scanning

barcodes can be selected.

Figure 4.11: Menu for Bluetooth

communication

Keys:

UP / DOWN

Selects option.

TEST

Confirms selected option.

ESC

Exits back to settings menu.

Function selector

Exits back to main menu without changes.

Initialization of the Bluetooth dongle

The Bluetooth dongle A 1436 should be initialized when it is used with the instrument for
the first time. During initialization the instrument sets the dongle parameters and name
in order to communicate properly with PC and other devices via Bluetooth.

Initialization procedure

1. Connect Bluetoo th d ongle A 1436 to the instrument.

2. Press RESET key on the Bluetooth dongle A 1436 for at least 5 seconds.

3. Select INIT. BT DONGLE in Communication menu and press TEST.

4. Wait for confirmation message and beep. Following message is displayed if dongle
was initialized properly:

EXTERNAL BT ‘DONGLE SEARCHING OK!

Notes:

 The Bluetooth dongle A 1436 should always be initialized before first use with the

instrument.

 If the dongle was initialized by another Metrel instrument it will probably not work

properly when working with the previous instrument again. Bluetooth dongle
initialization should be repeated in that case.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument operation

31

 For more information about communication via Bluetooth refer to chapter 8.6

Communications and A 1436 ma nual.

Selection of barcode scanner type

In this menu the barcode scanner type can be set. Options are:

 Serial barcode scanner
 Barcode scanner application on Android devices (check list of approved Metrel

Android devices and applications)

Keys:

UP / DOWN

Selects option.

TEST

Confirms selected option.

ESC

Exits back to Settings menu.

Function selector

Exits back to main menu without changes.

Figure 4.12: Menu for Scanner type

4.4.8 Initial settings

In this menu the instrument settings, measurement
parameters and limits can be set to initial (factory)
values.

Figure 4.13: Initial settings

dialogue

Keys:

UP / DOWN

Selects option [YES, NO].

TEST

Restores default settings ( if YES is selected).

ESC

Exits back to settings menu.

Function selector

Exits back to main menu without changes.

Warning:

 Customized settings will be lost when this option is used!
 If the batteries are removed for more than 1 minute the custom made settings will

be lost.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument operation

32

The default setup is listed below:

Instrument setting

Default value

Language

English

Contrast

As defined and stored by adjustment procedure

Isc factor

1.00

RCD standards

EN 61008 / EN 61009

Commander

Enabled

Scanner type

RS232

Clamp settings

CLAMP 1
CLAMP 2

A1391, 40A
A1391, 40A

Solar settings

See chapter 4.4.10 Solar Settings

Test mode:
Function

Parameters / limit value

Sub-function

INSTALLATION:

EARTH RE

No limit

R ISO

No limit
Utest = 500 V

Low Ohm Resistance

R LOWΩ

No limit

CONTINUITY*

No limit

Z - LINE

Fuse type: none selected

VOLTAGE DROP

ΔU: 4.0 %

Z

REF

: 0.00 Ω

Z - LOOP

Fuse type: none selected

Zs rcd

Fuse type: none select ed

RCD

RCD t

Nominal differential current: I∆N=30 mA

RCD type: AC

non-delayed
Test current starting polarity: (0°)
Limit contact voltage: 50 V

Current multiplier: ×1

POWER:

CURRENT

C1

HARMONICS

U

I

U

h:1

ENERGY

I: 40A, U: 260A

SOLAR:

ISO PV

No limit
Utest = 500 V

ENV.

Measured

I/V

Measured

INVERTER

AC/ DC

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument operation

33

Note:

 Initial settings (reset of the instrument) can be recalled also if the TAB key is

pressed while the instrument is switched on.

4.4.9 Clamp Settings

In Clamp settings menu the C1 and C2/P
measuring inputs can be configured.

Figure 4.14: Configuration of current clamp

measuring inputs

Parameters to be set:

Model

Model of current clamp [A1018, A1019, A1391].

Range

Measuring range of current clamp [20 A, 200 A], [40 A, 300 A].

Selection of measuring parameters
Keys

UP / DOWN

Selects appropriate option.

TEST

Enables changing data of selected parameter.

MEM

Saves settings.

ESC

Exits back to clamp settings menu.

Function selector

Exits back to main menu without changes.

Changing data of selected parameter
Keys

UP / DOWN

Sets parameter.

TEST

Confirms set data.

ESC

Disable changing data of selected parameter.

Function selector

Exits back to main menu without changes.

Note:

 Measuring range of the instrument must be considered. Measurement range of

current clamp can be higher than of the instrument.

4.4.10 Synchronization (A 1378 - PV Remote unit)

The main purpose of the synchronization is to get correct values of temperature and
irradiance for calculation of STC measurement results. During the PV tests the
displayed STC results are calculated on base of set or measured environmental data in
the instrument’s Environmental menu. These values are not necessarily measured at
the same time as other measurements.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument operation

34

Synchronization (of time stamps) enables to later update the PV measured results with
enviromental data that were measured simultaneously with the A 1378 PV Remote unit.
Stored STC values are then corrected accordingly.

Selecting this option will allow

synchronization of data between the
instrument and PV Remote unit.

Figure 4.15: Synchronize menu

Data to be synchronized:

TIME

Instrument’s time and date will be uploaded to the PV Remote unit.

RESULT

Values of measured environmental parameters will be downloaded to
the instrument. Saved STC results will be corrected accordingly.

Keys:

UP / DOWN

Selects data to be synchronized.

TEST

Synchronizes data. Follow the information on the LCD. If the

synchronization succeeded a confirmation beep will follow after

short connecting... and synchronizing... messages.

ESC

Exits back to settings menu.

Function selector

Exits back to main menu.

Connection for synchronization

Figure 4.16: Connection of the instruments during synchronization

Note:

 Refer to A 1378 PV Remote unit user manual for more information.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument operation

35

4.4.11 Solar settings

In Solar settings parameters of PV modules
and settings for PV measurements can be

set.

Figure 4.17: Solar settings

Keys:

UP / DOWN

Selects option.

TEST

Enters menu for changing parameter s .

ESC

Exits back to settings menu.

Function selector

Exits back to main menu without changes.

PV module settings

Parameters of PV modules can be set in this menu. A database for up to 20 PV
modules can be created / edited. Parameters are used for calculation of STC values.

Note:

 The database can be also created on the PC or mobile device and then sent to

the instrument. PCSW EurolinkPRO and some Android applications support this
feature.

Figure 4.18: PV module settings menu

Parameters of PV module:

Module

PV module name

Pmax

1 W ..2000 W

Nominal power of PV module

Umpp

1.0 V .. 999 V

Voltage on maximum power point

Impp

0.01 A .. 15.0 A

Current on maximum power point

Uoc

1.0 V .. 999 V

Open circuit voltage of module

Isc 0.01 A .. 15.0 A

Short circuit current of modul e

NOCT

1.0 °C .. 99.0 °C

Nominal working temperature of PV cell

alfa

-5.00 mA/°C .. 300 mA/°C

Temperature coefficient of Isc

beta

-5.00 V/°C .. -0.001 V/°C

Temperature coefficient of Uoc

gamma

-5.00 %/°C .. 0.999 %/°C

Temperature coefficient of Pmax

Rs

0.01 Ω .. 9.99 Ω

Serial resistance of PV module

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument operation

36

Selection of PV module type and parameters

Keys:

UP / DOWN

Selects appropriate opt ion.

TEST

Enters menu for changing type or parameters.

ESC, Function selector

Exits back.

MEM

Enters PV module type memory menu.

Changing a PV module type / parameter

Keys:

UP / DOWN

Sets value / data of parameter / PV module type.

TEST

Confirms set value / data.

ESC, Function selector

Exits back.

PV module type memory menu

ADD

Enters menu for adding a new PV module type.

OVERWRITE

Enters menu for storing changed data of selected PV module type.

DELETE

Deletes selected PV module type.

DELETE ALL

Deletes all PV module types.

Keys:

UP / DOWN

Selects option.

TEST

Enters selected menu.

Function selectors

Exits back to main function men u.

If Add or Overwrite is selected the menu for setting the PV module type name is
displayed.

Figure 4.19: Setting name of PV module type

Keys:

 / 

Selects a character.

TEST

Selects the next character.

MEM

Confirms new name and stores it in the memory. Then returns to Module
settings menu.

ESC

Deletes last letter.
Returns to previous menu without changes.

If Delete or Delete all is selected a warning will be displayed.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Instrument operation

37

Figure 4.20: Delete options

Keys:

TEST

Confirms clearing. In Delete all option YES must be
selected.

ESC / Function selector

Exits back to main function menu without changes.

PV measurements settings

Parameters for PV measurements can be

set in this menu.

Figure 4.21: Selection of PV

measurement settings

Parameters for PV measurements:

Test std

Testing standard [IEC 60891, CEI 82-25]

Irr. Sens.

Type of irradiance measuring sensor [PV cell, Pyran.]

Irr. min.

Minimal valid solar irradiance for calculation [500 – 1000 W/m2]

T. sensor

Temperature for calcul at ion [Tamb, Tcell]

Mod.Ser.

Number of modules in serial [1 – 30]

Mod.Par.

Number of modules in parallel [1 – 10]

Selection of PV test parameters
Keys:

UP / DOWN

Selects appropriate opt ion.

TEST

Enables changing data of selected parameter.

MEM

Saves settings.

ESC / Function selector

Exits back.

Changing data of selected parameter

Keys:

UP / DOWN

Sets parameter.

TEST

Confirms set data.

ESC / Function selector

Exits back.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Measurements – a.c. LV installatio ns

38

5 Measurements – a.c. LV installations

5.1 Voltage, frequency and phase sequence

Voltage and frequency measurement is always active in the terminal voltage monitor. In
the special VOLTAGE TRMS menu the measured voltage, frequency and information
about detected three-phase connection can be stored. Measurements are based on the
EN 61557-7 standard.

See chapter 4.2 Function selection for instructions on
key functionality.

Figure 5.1: Voltage in single

phase system

Test parameters for voltage measurement
There are no parameters to be set.

Connections for voltage measurement

Figure 5.2: Connection of 3-wire test lead and optional adapter in three-phase system

MI 3108 EurotestPV Measurements – a.c. LV installatio ns

39

Figure 5.3: Connection of plug commander and 3-wire test lead in single-phase system

Voltage measurement procedure



Select the VOLTAGE TRMS function using the function selector keys.

 Connect test cable to the instrument.
 Connect test leads to the item to be tested (see figures 5.2 and 5.3).



Store voltage measurement result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

Measurement runs immediately after selection of VOLTAGE TRMS function.

Figure 5.4: Examples of voltage measurement in three-phase system

Displayed results for single phase system:

Uln ........... Voltage between phase and neutral conductors,

Ulpe ......... Voltage between phase and protective conductors,

Unpe ........ Voltage between neutral and protective conductors,

f ............... frequency.

Displayed results for three-phase system:

U12 .......... Voltage between phases L1 and L2,

U13 .......... Voltage between phases L1 and L3,

U23 .......... Voltage between phases L2 and L3,

1.2.3 ........ Correct connection – CW rotation seq uence,

3.2.1 ........ Invalid connection – CCW rotation sequence,

f ............... frequency.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Measurements – a.c. LV installatio ns

40

5.2 Insulation resistance

The Insulation resistance measurement is performed in order to ensure safety against
electric shock through ins ulat ion. Typical applications ar e:

 Insulation resistance between conductors of installation,
 Insulation resistance of non-conductive rooms (walls and floors),
 Insulation resistance of ground cables,
 Resistance of semi-conducti ve (antistatic) floors .

See chapter 4.2 Function selection for instructions on

key functionality.

Figure 5.5: Insulation resistance

Test parameters for insulation resistance measurement

Uiso

Test voltage [50 V, 100 V, 250 V, 500 V, 1000 V]

Limit

Minimum insulation resistance [OFF, 0.01 MΩ ÷ 200 M Ω]

Test circuits for insulation resistance

Figure 5.6: Connections for insulation measurement

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Insulation resistance measuring procedure



Select the R ISO function using the function selector keys.

 Set the required test voltage.
 Enable and set limit value (optional).
 Disconnect

tested installation from mains supply (and discharge insulation as

required).

 Connect test cable to the instrument and to the item to be tested (see figure 5.6).
 Press the TEST

key to perform the measurement (double click for continuous

measurement and later press to stop the measurement).

 After the measurement is finished wait until tested item is fully discharged.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

Figure 5.7: Example of insulation resistance measurement resul t

Displayed results:

R.........................Insulation resistance

Um......................Test v oltag e – actual value.

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5.3 Resistance of earth connection and equipotential
bonding

The resistance measurement is performed in order to ensure that the protective
measures against electric shock through earth connections and bondings are effective.
Two sub-functions are av ai l abl e:

 R LOWΩ - Earth bond measurement according to EN 61557-4 (200 mA),
 CONTINUITY - Continuous resistance measurement performed with 7 mA.

See chapter 4.2 Function selection for instructions on
key functionality.

Figure 5.8: 200 mA RLOW Ω

Test parameters for resistance measurement

TEST

Resistance measurem ent sub-function [R LOWΩ, CONTINUITY]

Limit

Maximum resistance [OFF, 0.1 Ω ÷ 20.0 Ω]

Additional test parameter for In Continuity sub-function

Buzzer On (sound if resistance is lower than the set limit value) or Off

5.3.1 R LOWΩ, 200 mA resistance measurement

The resistance measurement is performed with automatic polarity reversal of the test
voltage.

Test circuit for R LOWΩ measurement

Figure 5.9: Connection of 3-wire test lead plus optional extension lead

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R LOWΩ measurement procedure



Select continuity function using the function selector keys.

 Set sub-function to R LOWΩ.
 Enable and set limit (optional).
 Connect test cable to the instrument.
 Compensate the test leads resistance (if necessary, see secti on 5.3 . 3).
 Disconnect from mains supply and discharge installation to be tested.
 Connect the test leads to the appropriate PE wiring (see figure 5.9).
 Press the TEST key to perform the measurement.
 After the measurement is finished store

the result by pressing the MEM button

(optional)*.

Figure 5.10: Example of RLOW result

Displayed result:

R................R LOWΩ resistance.

R+..............Result at positive polarity

R-...............Result at negative test polarity

5.3.2 Continuous resistance measurement with low current

In general, this function serves as standard Ω-meter with a low testing current. The
measurement is performed continuously without polarity reversal. The function can also
be applied for testing continuity of inductive components.

Test circuit for continuous resistance measurement

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Figure 5.11: Tip commander and 3-wire test lead applications

Continuous resistance measurement procedure



Select continuity function using the function selector keys.

 Set sub-function CONTINUITY.
 Enable and set the limit (optional).
 Connect test cable to the instrument.
 Compensate test leads resistance (if necessary, see section 5.3.3).
 Disconnect from mains supply and discharge the object to be tested.
 Connect test leads to the tested object (see figure 5.11).
 Press the TEST key to begin performing a continuous measurement.
 Press the TEST key to stop measurement.



After the measurement is finished, store the result (optional).

Figure 5.12: Example of continuous resistance measurement

Displayed result:

R............Resistance

5.3.3 Compensation of test leads resistance

This chapter describes how to compensate the test leads resistance in both continuity
functions, R LOWΩ and CONTINUITY. Compensation is required to eliminate the
influence of test leads resistance and the internal resistances of the instrument on the
measured resistance. The lead compensation is therefore a very important feature to
obtain correct result.

symbol is displayed if the compensation was carried out successfully.

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Circuits for compensating the resistance of test leads

Figure 5.13: Shorted test leads

Compensation of test leads resistance procedure



Select R LOWΩ or CONTINUITY function.

 Connect test cable to the instrument and short the test leads together (see figure

5.13).

 Press TEST to perform resistance measurement.



Press the CAL key to compensate leads resistance.

Figure 5.14: Results with old calibration

values

Figure 5.15: Results with new calibration

values

Note:

 The highest value for lead compensation is 5 Ω. If the resistance is higher the

compensation value is set back to default value.

is displayed if no calibration value is stored.

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5.4 Testing RCDs

Various test and measurements are required for verification of RCD(s) in RCD protected
installations. Measurements are based on the EN 61557-6 standard.
The following measurements and tests (sub-functions) can be performed:

 Contact voltage,
 Trip-out time,
 Trip-out current,
 RCD autotest.

See chapter 4.2 Function selection for instructions on
key functionality.

Figure 5.16: RCD test

Test parameters for RCD test and measurement

TEST

RCD sub-function test [RCDt, RCD I, AUTO, Uc].

I∆N

Rated RCD residual current sensitivity I∆N [10 mA, 30 mA, 100 mA, 300 mA,
500 mA, 1000 mA].

type

RCD type AC, A, F, B, B+, starting polarity [ , , , ,

,

],

selective

S

or general characteristic.

MUL

Multiplication factor for test current [½, 1, 2, 5 I∆N].

Ulim

Conventional touch voltage limit [25 V, 50 V].

Notes:

 Ulim can be selected in the Uc sub-function only.
 Selective (time delayed) RCDs have delayed response characteristics. As the

contact voltage pre-test or other RCD tests influence the time delayed RCD it
takes a certain period to recover into normal state. Therefore a time delay of 30 s
is inserted before performing trip-out test by default.

Connections for testing RCD

Figure 5.17: Connecting the plug commander and the 3-wire test lead

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5.4.1 Contact voltage (RCD Uc)

A current flowing into the PE terminal causes a voltage drop on earth resistance, i.e.
voltage difference between PE equipotential bonding circuit and earth. This voltage
difference is called contact voltage and is present on all accessible conductive parts
connected to the PE. It shall always be lower than the conventional safety limit voltage.
The contact voltage is measured with a test current lower than ½ I∆N to avoid trip-out of
the RCD and then normalized to the rated I∆N.

Contact voltage measurement procedure



Select the RCD function using the function selector keys.

 Set sub-function Uc.
 Set test parameters (if necessary).
 Connect test cable to the instrument.
 Connect test leads to the item to be tested (see figure 5.17).
 Press the TEST key to perform the measurement.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

The contact voltage result relates to the rated nominal residual current of the RCD and
is multiplied by an appropriate factor (depending on RCD type and type of test current).
The 1.05 factor is applied to avoid negative tolerance of result. See table 5.1 for detailed
contact voltage calculation factors.

RCD type

Contact voltage Uc

proportional to

Rated I∆N

AC

1.05×I∆N

any

AC

S

2×1.05×I∆N

A, F

1.4×1.05×I∆N

≥ 30 mA

A, F

S

2×1.4×1.05×I∆N

A, F

2×1.05×I∆N

< 30 mA

A, F

S

2×2×1.05×I∆N

B, B+

2×1.05×I∆N

any

B, B+

S

2×2×1.05×I∆N

Table 5.1: Relationship between Uc and I

∆

N

Loop resistance is indicative and calculated from Uc result (without additional
proportional factors) according to:

N

C

L

I

U

R

∆

=

.

Figure 5.18: Example of contact voltage measurement results

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Displayed results:

Uc ........ Contact voltage.

Rl ......... Fault loop resistance.

5.4.2 Trip-out time (RCDt)

Trip-out time measurement verifies the sensitivity of the RCD at different residual
currents.

Trip-out time measurement procedure



Select the RCD function using the function selector keys.

 Set sub-function RCDt.
 Set test parameters (if necessary).
 Connect test cable to the instrument.
 Connect test leads to the item to be tested (see figure 5.17).
 Press the TEST key to perform the measurement.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

Figure 5.19: Example of trip-out time measurement results

Displayed results:

t ........... Trip-out time,

Uc ........ Contact voltage for rated I∆N.

5.4.3 Trip-out current (RCD I)

A continuously rising residual current is intended for testing the threshold sensitivity for
RCD trip-out. The instrument increases the test current in small steps through
appropriate range as follows:

RCD type

Slope range

Waveform

Start value

End value

AC

0.2×I∆N

1.1×I∆N

Sine

A, F (I∆N ≥ 30 mA)

0.2×I∆N

1.5×I∆N

Pulsed

A, F (I∆N = 10 mA)

0.2×I∆N

2.2×I∆N

B, B+

0.2×I∆N

2.2×I∆N

DC

Maximum test current is I∆ (trip-out current) or end value in case the RCD didn’t trip-out.

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Trip-out current measurement procedure



Select the RCD function using the function selector keys.

 Set sub-function RCD I.
 Set test parameters (if necessary).
 Connect test cable to the instrument.
 Connect test leads to the item to be tested (see figure 5.17).
 Press the TEST key to perform the measurement.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

Figure 5.20: Trip-out current measurement result example

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Displayed results:
I…….Trip-out current,
Uci…Contact voltage at trip-out current I or end value in case the RCD didn’t trip,
t…….Trip-out time.

5.4.4 RCD Autotest

RCD autotest function is intended to perform a complete RCD test (trip-out time at
different residual currents, trip-out current and contact voltage) in one set of automatic
tests, guided by the instrument.

Additional key:

HELP / DISPLAY

Toggles between top and bottom part of results field.

RCD autotest procedure

RCD Autotest steps

Notes



Select the RCD function using the function selector keys.



Set sub-function AUTO.



Set test parameters (if necessary).



Connect test cable to the instrument.



Connect test leads to the item to be tested (see figure

5.17).



Press the TEST key to perform the test.

Start of test



Test with I

∆N

, 0° (step 1).

RCD should trip-out



Re-activate RCD.



Test with I

∆N

, 180° (step 2).

RCD should trip-out



Re-activate RCD.



Test with 5×I

∆N

, 0° (step 3).

RCD should trip-out



Re-activate RCD.



Test with 5×I

∆N

, 180° (step 4).

RCD should trip-out



Re-activate RCD.



Test with ½×I∆N, 0° (step 5).

RCD should not trip­out



Test with ½×I∆N, 180° (step 6).

RCD should not trip­out



Trip-out current test, 0° (step 7).

RCD should trip-out



Re-activate RCD.



Trip-out current test, 180° (step 8).

RCD should trip-out



Re-activate RCD.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

End of test

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Result examples:

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6

Step 7

Step 8

Figure 5.21: Individual steps in RCD autotest

Top

Bottom

Figure 5.22: Two parts of result field in RCD autotest

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Displayed results:

x1 ........ Step 1 trip-out time ( , I∆N, 0º),

x1 ........ Step 2 trip-out time ( , I∆N, 180º),

x5 ........ Step 3 trip-out time ( , 5×I∆N, 0º),

x5 ........ Step 4 trip-out time ( , 5×I∆N, 180º),

x½ ....... Step 5 trip-out time ( , ½×I∆N, 0º),

x½ ....... Step 6 trip-out time ( , ½×I∆N, 180º),

I ......... Step 7 trip-out current (0º),

I ......... Step 8 trip-out current (180º),

Uc ........ Contact voltage for rated I∆N.

Notes:

 The autotest sequence is immediately stopped if any incorrect condition is

detected, e.g. excessive Uc or trip-out time out of bounds.

 Auto test is finished without x5 tests in case of testing the RCD types A, F with

rated residual currents of I∆n = 300 mA, 500 mA, and 1000 mA. In this case auto
test result passes if all other results pass, and indications for x5 are omitted.

 Tests for sensitivity (I ,, steps 7 and 8) are omitted for selective type RCD.

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5.5 Fault loop impedance and prospective fault current

Fault loop is a loop comprised by mains source, line wiring and PE return path to the
mains source. The instrument measures the impedance of the loop and calculates the
short circuit current. The measurement is covered by requirements of the EN 61557-3
standard.

See chapter 4.2 Function selection for
instructions on key functionality.

Figure 5.23: Fault loop impedance

Test parameters for fault loop impedance measurement

Test

Selection of fault loop impedance sub-function [Zloop, Zs rcd]

Fuse type

Selection of fuse type [---, NV, gG, B, C, K, D]

Fuse I

Rated current of selec ted f use

Fuse T

Maximum breaking time of selected fuse

Lim

Minimum short circuit current for selected fuse.

See Appendix A for reference fuse data.

Circuits for measurement of fault loop impedance

Figure 5.24: Connection of plug commander and 3-wire test lead

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Fault loop impedance measurement procedure



Select the Zloop or Zs rcd sub-function using the function selector keys and

 / keys.

 Select test parameters (optional).
 Connect test cable to the instrument.
 Connect test leads to the item to be tested (see figures 5.17 and 5.24).
 Press the TEST key to perform the measurement.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

Figure 5.25: Example of loop impedance measurement result

Displayed results:

Z .............. Fault loop impedance,

ISC ............ Prospective fault current,

Lim .......... Low limit prospective short-circuit current value.

Prospective fault current ISC is calculated from measur ed i mp eda nce as follows:

Z

kUn

I

SC

SC

×

=

where:

Un ........ Nominal U

L-PE

voltage (see table below),

ksc ....... Correction factor for Isc (see chapter 4.4.5).

Un

Input voltage range (L-PE)

110 V

(93 V ≤ U

L-PE

≤ 134 V)

230 V

(185 V ≤ U

L-PE

≤ 266 V)

Notes:

 High fluctuations of mains voltage can influence the measurement results (the

noise sign is displayed in the message field). In this case it is recommended
to repeat few measurements to check if the readings are stable.



This measurement will trip-out the RCD in RCD-protected electrical installation if
test Zloop is selected.

 Select Zs rcd measurement to prevent trip-out of RCD in RCD protected

installation.

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5.6 Line impedance and prospective short-circuit current /
Voltage drop

Line impedance is measured in loop comprising of mains voltage source and line wiring.
Line impedance is covered by the requirements of the EN 61557-3 standard.
The Voltage drop sub-function is intended to check that a voltage in the installation
stays above acceptable levels if the highest current is flowing in the circuit. The highest
current is defined as the nominal current of the circuit's fuse. The limit values are
described in the standard EN 60364-5-52.

Sub-functions:

 Z LINE - Line impedance measurement according to EN 61557-3,
 ΔU – Voltage drop measure ment .

See chapter 4.2 Function selection for instructions on
key functionality.

Figure 5.26: Line impedance

Figure 5.27: Voltage drop

Test parameters for line impedance measurement

Test

Selection of line impedance [Zline] or voltage drop [ΔU] sub-function

FUSE type

Selection of fuse type [---, NV, gG, B, C, K, D]

FUSE I

Rated current of selec ted f use

FUSE T

Maximum breaking time of selected fuse

Lim

Minimum short circuit current for selected fuse.

See Appendix A for reference fuse data.
Additional test parameters for voltage drop measurement

ΔU

MAX

Maximum voltage drop [3.0 % ÷ 9.0 %].

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5.6.1 Line impedance and prospect ive short circuit current

Circuits for measurement of line impedance

Figure 5.28: Phase-neutral or phase-phase line impedance measurement – connection

of plug commander and 3-wire test lead

Line impedance measurement procedure



Select the Zline sub-function.

 Select test parameters (optional).
 Connect test cable to the instrument.
 Connect test leads to the item to be tested (see figure 5.28).
 Press the TEST key to perform the measurement.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

Figure 5.29: Examples of line impedance measurement result

Displayed results:

Z .............. Line impedance,

ISC ............ Prospective short-circuit current,

Lim .......... Low limit prospective short-circuit current value.

Prospective short circuit current is calculated as follows:

Z

kUn

I

SC

SC

×

=

where:

Un ........ Nominal L-N or L1-L2 voltage (see table below),

ksc ....... Correction factor for Isc (see chapter 4.5.5).

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Un

Input voltage range (L-N or L1-L2)

110 V

(93 V ≤ U

L-N

< 134 V)

230 V

(185 V ≤ U

L-N

≤ 266 V)

400 V

(321 V < U

L-L

≤ 485 V)

Note:

 High fluctuations of mains voltage can influence the measurement results (the

noise sign is displayed in the message field). In this case it is recommended
to repeat few measurements to check if the readings are stable.

5.6.2 Voltage drop

The voltage drop is calculated based on the difference of line impedance at connection
points (sockets) and the line impedance at the reference point (usually the impedance
at the switchboard).

Circuits for measurement of voltage drop

Figure 5.30: Phase-neutral or phase-phase voltage drop measurement – connection of

plug commander and 3-wire test lead

Voltage drop measurement procedure
Step 1: Measuring the impedance Zref at origin



Select the ΔU sub-function using the function selector keys and  / keys.

 Select test parameters (optional).
 Connect test cable to the instrument.
 Connect the test leads to the origin of electrical installation (see figure 5.30).



Press the CAL key to perform the measurement.

Step 2: Measuring the voltage drop



Select the ΔU sub-function using the function selector keys and  / keys.

 Select test parameters (Fuse type must be selected).
 Connect test cable or plug commander to the instrument.
 Connect the test leads to the tested points (see figure 5.30).
 Press the TEST key to perform the measurement.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

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Step 1 - Zref

Step 2 - Voltage drop

Figure 5.31: Examples of voltage drop measurement result

Displayed results:

ΔU ........... Voltage drop,

ISC ............ Prospective short-circuit current,

Z .............. Line impedance at measured point,

Zref .......... Reference impedance

Voltage drop is calculated as follows:

[

]

100

)

(

%

⋅

⋅

−

=

∆

N

N

REF

U

I

Z

Z

U

where:

ΔU ........ calculated voltage drop

Z………impedance at test point
Z

REF

…...impedance at refer ence point
IN………rated current of selected fuse
UN…….nominal voltage (see table below)

Un

Input voltage range (L-N or L1-L2)

110 V

(93 V ≤ U

L-PE

< 134 V)

230 V

(185 V ≤ U

L-PE

≤ 266 V)

400 V

(321 V < U

L-N

≤ 485 V)

Notes:

 If the reference impedance is not set the value of Z

REF

is considered as 0.00 Ω.

 The Z

REF

is cleared (set to 0.00 Ω) if pressing CAL key while instrument is not

connected to a voltage source.

 I

SC

is calculated as described in chapter 5.6.1 Line impedance and prospective

short circuit current.

 If the measured voltage is outside the ranges described in the table above the

ΔU result will not be calculated.

 High fluctuations of mains voltage can influence the measurement results (the

noise sign is displayed in the message field). In this case it is recommended
to repeat few measurements to check if the readings are stable.

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5.7 Earth resistance

Earth resistance is one of the most important parameters for protection against electric
shock. Main earthing arrangements, lightning systems, local earthings, etc can be
verified with the earthing resistance test. The measurement conforms to the EN 61557­5 standard.

See chapter 4.2 Function selection for instructions on
key functionality.

Figure 5.32: Earth resistance

Test parameters for earth resistance measurement

Limit

Maximum resistance OFF, 1 Ω ÷ 5 kΩ

Connections for earth resistance measurement

Figure 5.33: Resistance to earth, measurement of main installation earthing

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Figure 5.34: Resistance to earth, measurement of a lighting protection system

Earth resistance measurements, common measurement procedure



Select EARTH function using the function selector keys.

 Enable and set limit value (optional).
 Connect test leads to the instrument.
 Connect the item to be tested (see figures 5.33, 5.34).
 Press the TEST key to perform the measurement.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

Figure 5.35: Example of earth resistance measurement result

Displayed results for ear th res is ta nc e me asurement:

R.............. Earth resistance,

Rp............ Resistance of S (potential) probe,

Rc ............ Resistance of H (current) probe.

Notes:

 High resistance of S and H probes could influence the measurement results. In

this case, “Rp” and “Rc” warnings are displayed. There is no pass / fail indication
in this case.

 High noise currents and voltages in earth could influence the measurement

results. The tester displays the warning in this case.

 Probes must be placed at sufficient distance from the measured object.

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5.8 PE test terminal

It can happen that a dangerous voltage is applied to the PE wire or other accessible
metal parts. This is a very dangerous situation since the PE wire and MPEs are
considered to be earthed. An often reason for this fault is incorrect wiring (see examples
below).
When touching the TEST key in all functions that requires mains supply the user
automatically performs this test.

Examples for application of PE test terminal

Figure 5.36: Reversed L and PE conductors (plug commander)

L1
N

Reversed phase and
protection conductors!

MOST DANGEROUS
SITUATION!

PE

LPEN

L/L1

N/L2

PE/L3

Figure 5.37: Reversed L and PE conductors (application of 3-wire test lead)

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PE terminal test procedure



Connect test cable to the instrument.

 Connect test leads to the item to be tested (see figures 5.36 and 5.37).
 Touch PE test probe (the TEST key) for at least one second.
 If PE terminal is connected to phase volta

ge the warning message is displayed,
instrument buzzer is activated, and further measurements are disabled in Zloop
and RCD functions.

Warning:

 If dangerous voltage is detected on the tested PE terminal, immediately stop all

measurements, find and remove the fault!

Notes:

 PE test terminal is active in the INSTALLATION operating mode (except in the

VOLTAGE, Low ohm, Earth and Ins ul ati on func ti ons) .

 PE test terminal does not operate in case the operator’s body is completely

insulated from floor or w al ls !

 For operation of PE test terminal on commanders refer to Appendix D

Commanders.

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6 Solar measurements - PV systems

The following measurements for verification and troubleshooting of PV installations can
be performed with the instrument:

 Insulation resistance on PV systems
 PV inverter test
 PV panel test
 Environmental parameters
 Open voltage and short circuit test
 I-V curve test

6.1 Insulation resistance on PV systems

The Insulation resistance measurement is performed in order to ensure safety against
electric shock through insulation between live parts on PV installations and earth.
The measurement is carried out according to test method 1 in IEC / EN 62446 (test
between panel / string / array negative and earth followed by a test between panel /
string / array positive and earth).

See chapter 4.2 Function selection for instructions on

key functionality. The input voltage is displayed in
order to check proper connection before carrying out
the test.

Figure 6.1: Insulation resistance

Test parameters for insulation resistance measurement on PV systems

TEST

RISO - , RISO +

Uiso

Test voltage [50 V, 100 V, 250 V, 500 V, 1000 V]

Limit

Minimum insulation resistance [OFF, 0.01 MΩ ÷ 200 M Ω]

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Test circuits for insulation resistance on PV systems

Figure 6.2: Connections for insulation resistance measurement on PV systems

Insulation resistance measuring procedure



Select the RISO - sub-function using the function selector keys and / keys.

 Set the required test voltage.
 Enable and set limit value (optional).
 Connect PV safety probe to the instrument (see figure 6.2)
 Connect accessories to the PV system (see figure 6.2).
 Press the TEST

key to perform the measurement (double click for continuous

measurement and later press to stop the measurement).

 After the measurement is finished wait until tested item is fully discharged.
 Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

 Select the RISO + sub-function using the  /  keys.
 Reconnect DC+ lead (see figure 6.2).
 Press the TEST

key to perform the measurement (double click for continuous

measurement and later press to stop the measurement).

 After the measurement is finished wait until tested item is fully discharged.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

Figure 6.3: Examples of insulation resistance measurement result

Displayed results:

R.........................Insulation resistance

Um......................Test v oltag e – actual value.

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6.2 PV inverter test

The test is intended to check proper operation of the PV inverter. Following functions
are supported:

 Measuring of DC values at inverter’s input and AC values at inverter’s output.
 Calculation of the efficiency of the inverter.

See chapter 4.2 Function selection for instructions on key functionality. The input
voltages are displayed in order to check proper connection before carrying out the test.

Figure 6.4: Examples of PV inverter test starting screens

Settings and parameters for PV inverter test

Input

Inputs/ Outputs being measured [ AC, DC, AC_DC]

Connections for PV inverter test

Figure 6.5: PV inverter test - DC side

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Figure 6.6: PV inverter test - AC side

Figure 6.7: PV inverter test - AC and DC sides

PV inverter test procedure



Select INVERTER sub-function using the function selector keys and  / keys.

 Connect

PV safety probe and current clamp to the instrument (see figures 6.5

and 6.6) or

 Connect

PV test lead A 1385 and current clamps to the instrument (see figure

6.7)

 Connect accessories to the PV system (see figures 6.5 to 6.7).
 Check input voltages.
 Press the TEST key to perform the measurement.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

Figure 6.8: Examples of PV inverter test results screens

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Displayed results for PV inverter test:

DC column:

U.............. measured voltage at the input of the inverter

I ............... measured current at the input of the inverter

P .............. measured power at the input of the inverter

AC column:

U.............. measured voltage at the output of the inverter

I ............... measured current at the output of the inverter

P .............. measured power at the output of the inverter

η…......... .. calculated efficiency of the inverter

Notes:

 With one current clamp the complete test can be performed in two steps. Input

should be set to DC and AC separately.

 For the INVERTER AC/DC test fused test lead A 1385 must be used!

6.3 PV panel test

PV panel test is intended to check proper operation of PV panels. Following functions
are supported:

 measuring of output voltage, current and power of PV panel,
 comparison of measured PV output values (MEAS values) and calculated

nominal data (STC values)

 comparison of measured PV output power (Pmeas) and theoretical output power

(Ptheo)

The PV panel test results are divided into three screens. See chapter 4.2 Function
selection for instructions on key functionality. The input voltage is displayed in order to
check proper connection before carrying out the test.

Figure 6.9: PV module test starting screens

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Connections for PV panel

Figure 6.10: PV panel test

PV panel test procedure



Select PANEL sub-function using the function selector keys.

 Connect PV safety probe, current clamp(s) and sensors to the instrument.
 Connect the PV system to be tested (see figure 6.10).
 Check input voltage.
 Press the TEST key to perform the test.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

Figure 6.11: Examples of PV measurement results

Displayed results are:

MEAS column

U.............. measured output voltage of the panel

I ............... measured output current of the panel

P .............. measured output power of the panel

STC column

U.............. calculated output voltage of the panel at STC

I ............... calculated output current of the panel at STC

P .............. calculated output power of the panel at STC

Pstc… ...... measured output power of the panel at STC

Pmax…... nominal output power of the panel at STC

η1….. ....... efficiency of the panel at STC

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Pmeas… . measured output power of the panel at momentary conditions
Ptheo…. .. calculated theoretical output power of the panel at momentary

conditions

η2…...... ... calculated efficiency of the panel at momentary conditions

Notes:

 Before starting the PV measurements settings of PV module type and PV test

parameters should be checked.

 For calculation of STC results PV module type, PV test parameters, Uoc, Isc, Irr

and T (ambient or cell) values must be measured or be entered manually before
the test. The results in ENV. and Uoc/Isc menus are considered. If there are no
results in Uoc/Isc menu the instrument will consider results in I-V menu.

 The Uoc, Isc, Irr and T measurements should be carried out immediately before

the PANEL test. Environmental conditions must be stable during the tests.

 For best results PV remote unit A 1378 should be used.

6.4 Me a s uring of environmental parameters

Temperature and solar irradiance values must be known for:

 Calculation of nominal values at standard test conditions (STC),
 Checking that environmental conditions are suitable for carrying out the PV tests.

The parameters can be measured or entered manually. The probes can be connected
to the instrument or to the PV remote unit A 1378.

See chapter 4.2 Function selection for instructions on
key functionality.

Figure 6.12: Environmental

parameters screen

Test parameters for measuring / setting of environmental parameters

INPUT

Input of environmental data [ MEAS, MANUAL]

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Connections for measuring of environmental parameters

Figure 6.13: Measurement of environm ental par ameters

Procedure for measuring of environmental parameters



Select ENV. function and MEAS sub-function using the function selector keys

and  / keys.

 Connect environmental probes to the instrument (see figure 6.13).
 Connect the item to be tested (see figure 6.13).
 Press the TEST key to perform the measurement.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

Figure 6.14: Example of measured results

Displayed results for environmental paramete rs :

Irr………………...solar irradiance
Tamb or Tcell…. temperature of ambient or PV cells

Note:

 If the Irradiance result is lower than the set minimal value Irr min the STC results

will not be calculated (message is displayed).

Procedure for manual entering of environmental parameters

If the data is measured with other measuring equipment they can be entered manually.
Select ENV. function and MANUAL sub-function using the function selector keys and
Up/Down keys.

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Keys:

TEST

Enters menu for manual setting of environmental parameters.

Enters menu for changing selected par a me t er.

Confirms set value of parameter.

 / 

Selects environmental parameter.
Selects value of parameter .

Function
selector

Exits environmental menu and select PV measurement.

Figure 6.15: Example of manually entered results

Displayed results for environmental paramete rs :

Irr………………...solar irradiance
Tamb or Tcell…. temperature of ambient or PV cells

Note:

 Environmental parameters are cleared when the SOLAR test mode is exited.

6.4.1 Operation with A1378 PV Remote Unit

See PV Remote Unit User Manual.

6.5 Uoc / Isc test

The Uoc / Isc test is intended to check if protection devices in the d.c. part of the PV
installation are effective. The measured data can be calculated to nominal data (STC
values).

See chapter 4.2 Function selection for
instructions on key functionality.

Figure 6.16: Uoc / Isc test

The input voltage is displayed in order to check proper connection before carrying out
the test.

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Connection for Uoc / Isc test

Figure 6.17: Uoc / Isc test

Uoc / Isc test procedure

 Select Uoc / Isc sub-function using the function selector keys and  / keys.
 Connect PV safety probe and sensors (optional) to the instrument.
 Connect the item to be tested (see figure 6.17).
 Check input voltage.
 Press the TEST key to perform the measurement.
 Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

Figure 6.18: Example of Uoc / Isc measurement results

Displayed results for Uoc / Isc measurement:
MEAS column

Uoc .......... measured open voltage of the panel

Isc............ measured short circuit current of the panel

STC column

Uoc .......... calculated open voltage at STC

Isc............ calculated short circuit current at STC

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Notes:

 Before starting the PV measurements settings of PV module type and PV test

parameters should be checked.

 For calculation of STC results correct PV module type, PV test parameters, Irr

and T (ambient or cell) values must be measured or be entered manually before
the test. The Irr and T results in ENV. menu are considered. Refer to Appendix E
for further information.

 The Irr and T measurements should be carried out immediately before the Uoc /

Isc test. Environmental conditions must be stable during the tests.

 For best results PV remote unit A 1378 should be used.

6.6 I / V curve measurement

The I / V curve measurement is used to check correct operation of the PV panels.
Different problems on PV panels (failure of a part of the PV panel / string, dirt, shadow
etc.) can be found.

Figure 6.19: I / V curve starting screens

The data to be measured is divided into three screens. See chapter 4.2 Function
selection for instructions on key functionality.

Settings parameters for I / V curve test

1/3

Number of screen.

STC

Results (STC, measured, bot h) to be displ ayed.

Connection for the I / V curve test

Figure 6.20: I / V curve test

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I / V curve test procedure



Select I / V sub-function using the function selector keys and / keys.

 Check or set PV module and PV testing parameters and limits (optional).
 Connect PV safety probe to the instrument.
 Connect environmental probes to the instrument (optional).
 Connect the item to be tested (see figure 6.20).
 Press the TEST key to perform the measurement.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

Figure 6.21: Example of I / V curve results

Displayed results for I / V curve test:

Uoc .......... measured / STC open circuit voltage of the panel

Isc............ measured / STC short circuit current of the panel

Umpp ....... measured / STC voltage at maximal power point

Impp ........ measured / STC current at maximal power point

Pmpp ....... measured / STC maximal output power of the panel

Notes:

 Before starting the PV measurements settings of PV module type and PV test

parameters should be checked.

 For calculation of STC results correct PV module type, PV test parameters, Irr

and T (ambient or cell) values must be measured or be entered manually before
the test. The Irr. and T results in ENV. menu are considered. Refer to Appendix E
for further information.

 The Irr. and T measurements should be carried out immediately before the I / V

curve test. Environmental conditions must be stable during the tests.

 For best results PV remote unit A 1378 should be used.

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7 Measurements - Power & Energy

1- phase power measurements and tests (sub-functions) can be performed with the
EurotestPV instrument. Main features are:

 Measurement of standard power parameters,
 Harmonic analysis of voltage and current,
 Displaying of voltage and current waveforms,
 Energy counting.

7.1 Power

The Power function is intended to measure the standard power parameters P, Q, S,
THDU and PF.

See chapter 4.2 Function selection for instructions on
key functionality.

Figure 7.1: Power menu

Settings and parameters for Power test

There are no parameters to be set in this menu.

Connection for Power test

Figure 7.2: Power measurement

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Power test procedure



Select POWER sub-function using the function selector keys and / keys.

 Connect the voltage test leads and current clamp to the instrument.
 Connect

the voltage test leads and current clamp to the item to be tested (see

figure 7.2).

 Press the TEST key to start the continuous measurement.
 Press the TEST key again to stop the measurement.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

Figure 7.3: Power measurement results

Displayed results for the Power measurements:

P .............. active power

S .............. apparent power

Q ............. reactive power (capacitive or inductive)

PF…… .... power factor ( capacitive or inductive)

THDU……voltage total harmonic distortion

Notes:

 Consider polarity and setup of current clamps (see chapter 4.4.8 Clamp settings).
 Results can also be stored while the measurement is running.

7.2 Harmonics

Harmonics are components of the voltage and currents signal with an integer multiple of
the fundamental frequency. The harmonic values are an important parameter of power
quality.

See chapter 4.2 Function selection for
instructions on key functionality.

Figure 7.4: Harmonics menu

Settings and parameters in Harmonics function

Input

Displayed parameters [ voltage U or current I]

h:0..h:11

Selected harmonic

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Connection for the Harmonics measurement

(See figure 7.2)

Harmonics measurement procedure



Select HARMONICS sub-function using the function selector keys and  /

keys.

 Connect voltage test leads and current clamp to the instrument.
 Connect

the voltage test leads and current clamp to the item to be tested (see

figure 7.2).

 Press the TEST key to start the continuous measurement.
 Press the TEST key again to stop the measurement.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional)

Figure 7.5: Examples of Harmonics measurement results

Displayed results for the Harmonics measurements:

Uh............ TRMS voltage of selected harmonic

Ih ............. TRMS current of selected harmonic

THDU……voltage total harmonic distortion
THDI…… . voltage total harmonic distortion

Notes:

 Parameters (input and number of harmonic) can be changed and results can also

be stored while the measurement is running.

 Displayed graph is auto-ranged.

7.3 Scope

The Scope function is intended to check the shape of voltage and current.

See chapter 4.2 Function selection for
instructions on key functionality.

Figure 7.6: Scope menu

Settings and parameters in Scope function

Input

Displayed parameters [ voltage U or current I or both]

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Connection for the Scope measurement

(See figure 7.2)

Scope measurement pro cedu re



Select SCOPE sub-function using the function selector keys and Up/Down keys.

 Connect voltage test leads and current clamp to the instrument.
 Connect the voltage test leads and current clamp to the item to be tested (see

figure 7.2).

 Press the TEST key to start the continuous measurement.
 Press the TEST key again to stop the measurement.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional)

Figure 7.7: Example of Scope measurement results

TRMS values of voltage and current are displayed.

Notes:

 The parameter input can be changed and results can also be stored while the

measurement is running.

 Displayed waveforms are auto-ranged.

7.4 Current

This function is intended for measurement of load and leakage currents with current
clamps. Two independent measuring inputs are available.

See chapter 4.2 Function selection for instructions on
key functionality.

Figure 7.8: Current menu

Settings and parameters for current measurement

Input

Selected channel [C1, C2, both]

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Connection for current measurement

Figure 7.9: Leakage and load current measurements

Current measurement procedure



Select CURRENT function using the function selector keys.

 Select input channel (optional).
 Connect current clamp(s) to the instrument.
 Connect the clamp(s) to the item to be tested (see figure 7.9).
 Press the TEST key to start the continuous measurement.
 Press the TEST key again to stop the measurement.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

Figure 7.10: Examples of current measurement result

Displayed results for Cur r ent meas ur e men t:
I, I1, I2 …..…..Current

Note:

 Channel C2 is intended for me asur i ng with clamps A 1391 only.

7.5 Energy

In this function consumed and generated energy can be measured.

See chapter 4.2 Function selection for instructions on
key functionality.

Figure 7.11: Energy menu

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Settings and parameters for the Energy measurement

I

MAX

Maximal expected TRMS current during measurement [ I

range

, I

range

/10,

I

range

/100]

U

MAX

Maximal expected TRMS voltage during measurement [ 260 V, 500 V]

Connection for the Energy measurements

(See figure 7.2)

Energy measurement procedure



Select ENERGY sub-function using the function selector keys and  / keys.

 Connect the voltage test leads and current clamp to the instrument.
 Connect

the voltage test leads and current clamp to the item to be tested (see

figure 7.2).

 Press the TEST key to start the measurement.
 Press the TEST key again to stop the measurement.



Store the result by pressing the MEM key (optional).

Figure 7.12: Example of Energy measurement results

Displayed results for the Energy measurements:

E+ ............ consumed energy (load)

E-............. generated energy (source)

P .............. momentary active power during energy measurement

t…………. time

Notes:

 Consider polarity and setup of current clamps (see chapter 4.4.8 Clamp settings).
 I

MAX

and U

MAX

should be set high enough in order to avoid clamping of measured

signals. Clamping will results in wrong energy result.

 If measured currents and voltages are lower than 20% of set I

MAX

, U

MAX

the

accuracy will be impaired.

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8 Data handling

8.1 Memory organizatio n

Measurement results together with all relevant parameters can be stored in the
instrument’s memory. After the measurement is completed, results can be stored to the
flash memory of the instrument, together with the sub-res ul ts and function parameters.

8.2 Data structure

The instrument’s memory place is divided into 4 levels each containing 199 locations.
The number of measurements that can be stored into one location is not limited.

The data structure field describes the location of the measurement (which object,
block, fuse, connection) and where can be accessed.
In the measurement field there is information about type and number of measurements
that belong to the selected structure element (object and block and fuse and
connection).
The main advantages of this syste m are :

 Test results can be organized and grouped in a structured manner that reflects

the structure of typical electrical installations.

 Customized names of data structure elements can be uploaded from

EurolinkPRO PCSW.

 Simple browsing through structure and results.
 Test reports can be created with no or little modifications after downloading

results to a PC.

Figure 8.1: Data structure and measurement fields

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Data structure field

Memory operation menu

Data structure field



1st level:

OBJECT: Default

location name (object and its

successive number).

004: No. of selected element.



2nd level:

BLOCK

: Default location name (block and its

successive number).

001: No. of selected element.



3rd level:

FUSE: Default

location name (fuse and its successive

number).



002: No. of selected element.



4th level:

CONNECTION

: Default location name (connection

and its successive number).

003: No. of selected element.

No. of measurements in selected location

[No. of measurements in selected location and its sub-

locations]

Measurement field

Type of stored measurement in the selected location.

No. of selected test result / No. of all stored test results in
selected location.

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8.3 Storing test results

After the completion of a test the results and parameters are ready for storing ( icon
is displayed in the information field). By pressing the MEM key, the user can store the
results.

Figure 8.2: Save test menu

Memory available for storing results.

Keys in save test menu - data structure fiel d:

TAB

Selects the location element (Object / Block / Fuse / Connection)

UP / DOWN

Selects number of selected location element (1 to 199)

MEM

Saves test results to the selected location and returns to the
measuring menu.

Function selector /
TEST

Exits back to main function men u.

Notes:

 The instrument offers to store the result to the last selected location by default.
 If the measurement is to be stored to the same location as the previous one just

press the MEM key twice.

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8.4 Recalling test results

Press the MEM key in a main function menu when there is no result available for storing
or select MEMORY in the SETTINGS menu.

Figure 8.3: Recall menu - installation

structure field selected

Figure 8.4: Recall menu - measurements

field selected

Keys in recall memory menu (installation structure field selected):
TAB

Selects the location element (Object / Block / Fuse /
Connection).

UP / DOWN

Selects number of selected location element (1 to 199)

Function selector /
ESC

Exits back to main function men u.

TEST

Enters measurements field.

Keys in recall memory menu (measurements field):

UP / DOWN

Selects the stored measurement.

TAB / ESC

Returns to installation structure fi eld.

Function selector

Exits back to main function men u.

TEST

View selected measurement results.

Figure 8.5: Example of recalled measurement result

Keys in recall memory menu (measurement results are displayed)

UP / DOWN

Displays measurement results stored in selected location

MEM / ESC

Returns to measurements field.

Function selector /
TEST

Exits back to main function men u.

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8.5 Clearing stored data

8.5.1 Clearing complete mem ory content

Select CLEAR ALL MEMORY in MEMORY menu. A warning will be displayed.

Figure 8.6: Clear all memory

Keys in clear all memory menu

TEST

Confirms clearing of complete memory content (YES
must be selected with / keys).

Function selector

Exits back to main function menu without changes.

Figure 8.7: Clearing memory in progress

8.5.2 Clearing measurement(s) in selected location

Select DELETE RESULTS in MEMORY menu.

Figure 8.8: Clear measurements menu (data structure field selected)

Keys in delete results menu (installation structure field selected):

TAB

Selects the location element (Object / Block / Fuse / Connection).

UP / DOWN

Selects number of selected location element (1 to 199)

Function selector

Exits back to main function menu.

ESC

Exits back to memory menu.

TEST

Enters dialog box for deleting all measurements in selected
location and its sub-locations.

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Keys in dialog for confirmation to clear results in selected location:

TEST

Deletes all results in selected location.

MEM / ESC

Exits back to delete results menu without changes.

Function selector

Exits back to main function menu without changes.

8.5.3 Clearing individual mea s urements

Select DELETE RESULTS in MEMORY menu.

Figure 8.9: Menu for clearing individual measurement (installation structure field

selected)

Keys in delete results menu (installation structure field selected):
TAB

Selects the location element (Object / Block / Fuse /
Connection).

UP / DOWN

Selects number of selected location element (1 to 199)

Function selector

Exits back to main function men u.

ESC

Exits back to memory menu.

MEM

Enters measurements field for deleting individual
measurements.

Keys in delete results menu (measur em ents field selected):

UP / DOWN

Selects measurement.

TEST

Opens dialog box for confirmation to clear selected
measurement.

TAB / ESC

Returns to installation st r uctur e fi el d.

Function selector

Exits back to main function menu without changes.

Keys in dialog for confirmation to clear selected result(s):

TEST

Deletes selected measurement result.

MEM / TAB / ESC

Exits back to measurements field without changes.

Function selector

Exits back to main function menu without changes.

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Figure 8.10: Dialog for confirmation

Figure 8.11: Display after measurement

was cleared

8.5.4 Renaming installati on s tr uc t ure elements (upload from PC)

Default installation structure elements are “Object”, “Block”, “Fuse” and “Connection”.
In the PCSW package Eurolink-PRO default names can be changed with customized
names that corresponds the installation under test. Refer to PCSW Eurolink-PRO
HELP for information how to upload customized installation names to the instrument.

Figure 8.12: Example of menu with customized installation structure names

8.5.5 Renaming installation structure elements with serial barcode
reader or RFID reader

Default installation structure elements are “Object”, “Block”, “Fuse” and “Connection”.
When the instrument is in the Save results menu location ID can be scanned from a
barcode label with the barcode reader or can be read from a RFID tag with the RFID
reader.

Figure 8.13: Connection of the barcode reader and RFID reader

How to change the name of memory location



Connect the barcode reader or RFID reader to the instrument .

 In Save menu select memory location to be renamed.



A new location name (scanned from a barcode label or a RFID tag) will be

accepted by the instrument. A successful receive of a

barcode or RFID tag is

confirmed by two short confirmation beeps.

Note:

 Use only barcode readers and RFID readers delivered by Metrel or authorized

distributor.

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8.6 Communication

Stored results can be transferred to a PC. A special communication program on the PC
automatically identifies the instrument and enables data transfer between the instrument
and the PC.
There are two communication interfaces available on the instrument: USB or RS 232.
With the optional Bluetooth dongle A 1436 the instrument can communicate via
Bluetooth too.

8.6.1 USB and RS232 communicat ion

The instrument automatically selects the communication mode according to detected
interface. USB interface has priority.

Figure 8.14: Interface connection for data transfer over PC COM port

How to establish an USB or RS232 link:



RS-232 communication: connect a PC COM port to the instrument PS/2

connector using the PS/2 - RS232 serial communication cable;



USB communication: connect a PC USB port to the instrument USB connector

using the USB interface cable.

 Switch on the PC and the instrument.
 Run the EurolinkPRO program.
 The PC and the instrument will automatically recognize each other.



The instrument is prepared to communicate with the PC.

The program EurolinkPRO is a PC software running on Windows XP, Windows Vista,
Windows 7, and Windows 8. Read the file README_EuroLink.txt on CD for instructions
about installing and running the program.

Note:

 USB drivers should be installed on PC before using the USB interface. Refer to

USB installation instructions available on installation CD.

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8.6.2 Bluetooth communic a t ion

How to configure a Bluetooth link between instrument and PC

For Bluetooth communication with PC a Standard Serial Port over Bluetooth link for
Bluetooth dongle A 1436 must be con fig ur ed fir st .



Switch Off and On the instrument.



Be sure that the Bluetooth dongle A 1436 is properly initialized. If not the

Bluetooth dongle must be initialized as described in chapter 4.4.7
Communication.



On PC configure a Standard Serial Port to enable communication over Bluetooth

link between instrument and PC. No code for pairing the devices is needed.

 Run the EurolinkPRO program.
 The PC and the instrument will automatically recognize each other.



The instrument is prepared to communicate with the PC.

How to configure a Bluetooth link between instrument and Android device



Switch Off and On the instrument.



Be sure that the Bluetooth dongle A 1436 is properly initialized. If not the

Bluetooth dongle must be initialized as described in chapter 4.4.7
Communication.



Some Android applications automatically carry out the setup of a Bluetooth

connection. It is preferred to use this option if it exists.
This option is supported by Metrel's Android applications.

 If this option is not supported by the selected Android application then

configure

a Bluetooth link via Android device’s Bluetooth configuration tool. No code for

pairing the devices is needed.



The instrument and Android device are ready to communicate.

Notes:

 Sometimes there will be a demand from the PC or Android device to enter the

code. Enter code ‘NNNN’ to correctly configure the Bluetooth link.

 The name of a correctly configured Bluetooth device must consist of the

instrument type plus serial number, eg. MI 3108-12240429D. If the Bluetooth
dongle got another name, the configuration must be repeated.

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9 Upgrading the instrument

The instrument can be upgraded from a PC via the RS232 communication port. This
enables to keep the instrument up to date even if the standards or regulations change.
The upgrade can be carried with a help of special upgrading software and the
communication cable as shown on Figure 8.14. Please contact your dealer for more
information.

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10 Maintenance

Unauthorized persons are not allowed to open the EurotestPV instrument. There are no
user replaceable components inside the instrument, except the battery and fuse under
rear cover.

10.1 Fuse replacement

There is a fuse under back cover of the EurotestPV instrument.

 F1

FF 315 mA / 1000 V d.c. , 32×6 mm (Breaking capacity: 50 kA)
This fuse protects internal circuitry for continuity functions if test probes are

connected to the mains supply voltage by mistake during measurement.
Position of fuse can be seen in Figure 3.4 in chapter 3.3 Back panel.

Optional accessory A 1385 PV test lead has replaceable fuse in each test lead.

 FF 315 mA / 1000 V d.c. , 32×6 mm (Breaking capacity: 50 kA)

Warnings:

 Disconnect all measuring accessory and switch off the instrument

before opening battery / fuse compartment cover, hazardous voltage
inside!

 Replace blown fuse with original type only, otherwise the instrument or accessory

may be damaged and/or operator’s safety impaired!

10.2 Cleaning

No special maintenance is required for the housing. To clean the surface of the
instrument or accessory use a soft cloth slightly moistened with soapy water or alcohol.
Then leave the instrument or accessory to dry totally before use.

Warnings:

 Do not use liquids based on petrol or hydrocarbons!
 Do not spill cleaning liquid over the instrument!

10.3 Periodic calibration

It is essential that the test instrument is regularly calibrated in order that the technical
specification listed in this manual is guaranteed. We recommend an annual calibration.
Only an authorized technical person can do the calibration. Please contact your dealer
for further information.

10.4 Service

For repairs under warranty, or at any other time, please contact your distributor.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Technical specifications

92

11 Technical specifications

11.1 Insulation resistance, Insulation resistance of PV systems

Insulation resistance (nominal voltages 50 VDC, 100 V

DC

and 250 VDC)

Measuring range according to EN 61557 is 0.15 MΩ ÷ 199.9 MΩ.

Measuring range (MΩ)

Resolution (MΩ)

Accuracy

0.00 ÷ 19.99

0.01

±(5 % of reading + 3 digits)

20.0 ÷ 99.9

0.1

±(10 % of reading)

100.0 ÷ 199.9

±(20 % of reading)

Insulation resistance (nominal voltages 500 VDC and 1000 VDC)
Measuring range according to EN 61557 is 0.15 MΩ ÷ 1 GΩ.

Measuring range (MΩ)

Resolution (MΩ)

Accuracy

0.00 ÷ 19.99

0.01

±(5 % of reading + 3 digits)

20.0 ÷ 199.9

0.1

±(5 % of reading)

200 ÷ 999

1

±(10 % of reading)

Voltage

Measuring range (V)

Resolution (V)

Accuracy

0 ÷ 1200

1

±(3 % of reading + 3 digits)

Nominal voltages ............................... 50 VDC, 100 VDC, 250 VDC, 500 VDC, 1000 VDC

Open circuit voltage ........................... -0 % / +20 % of nominal voltage

Measuring current .............................. min. 1 mA at RN=UN×1 kΩ/V

Short circuit current ........................... max. 3 mA

The number of possible tests ............ > 1200, with a fully charged battery

Auto discharge after test.
Specified accuracy is valid if 3-wire test lead is used while it is valid up to 100 MΩ if tip
commander is used.
Specified accuracy is valid up to 100 MΩ if relative humidity > 85 %.

In case the instrument gets moistened, the results could be impaired. In such case, it is
recommended to dry the instrument and accessories for at least 24 hours.
The error in operating conditions could be at most the error for reference conditions
(specified in the man u al for each f unction) ±5 % of measured value.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Technical specifications

93

11.2 Continuity

11.2.1 Resistance R LOWΩ

Measuring range according to EN 61557 is 0.16 Ω ÷ 1999 Ω.

Measuring range R (Ω)

Resolution (Ω)

Accuracy

0.00 ÷ 19.99

0.01

±(3 % of reading + 3 digits)

20.0 ÷ 199.9

0.1

±(5 % of reading)

200 ÷ 1999

1

Open-circuit voltage ........................... 6 .5 VDC ÷ 9 VDC

Measuring current .............................. min. 200 mA into load resistance of 2 Ω

Test lead compensation ..................... up to 5 Ω

The number of possible tests ............ > 2000, with a fully charged battery

Automatic polarity reversal of the test voltage.

11.2.2 Resistance CONTINUITY

Measuring range (Ω)

Resolution (Ω)

Accuracy

0.0 ÷ 19.9

0.1

±(5 % of reading + 3 digits)

20 ÷ 1999

1

Open-circuit voltage ........................... 6 .5 VDC ÷ 9 VDC

Short-circuit current ........................... max. 8.5 mA

Test le ad compensation ..................... up to 5 Ω

11.3 RCD testing

11.3.1 General data

Nominal residual current (A,AC) ........ 10 mA, 30 mA, 100 mA, 300 mA, 500 mA,

1000 mA

Nominal residual current accuracy ..... -0 / +0.1⋅I∆; I∆ = I∆N, 2×I∆N, 5×I∆N

-0.1⋅I∆ / +0; I∆ = 0.5×I∆N

AS/NZS selected: ± 5 %

Test current shape ............................. Sine-wave (AC), pulsed (A, F), smooth DC (B, B+)

DC offset for pulsed test current ........ 6 mA (typical)

RCD type ........................................... (non-delay ed) , S (ti m e-delayed)

Test current starting polarity ............. 0 º or 180 º

Voltage range .................................... 93 V ÷ 134 V (45 Hz ÷ 65 Hz)

185 V ÷ 266 V (45 Hz ÷ 65 Hz)

MI 3108 EurotestPV Technical specifications

94

I∆N × 1/2

I∆N × 1

I∆N × 2

I∆N × 5

RCD I∆

I∆N (mA)

AC

A,F

B, B+

AC

A,F

B,B+

AC

A,F

B,B+

AC

A,F

B,B+

AC

A,F

B,B+

10 5 3.5 5 10

20

20

20

40

40

50

100

100







30

15

10.5

15

30

42

60

60

84

120

150

212

300







100

50

35

50

100

141

200

200

282

400

500

707

1000







300

150

105

150

300

424

600

600

848

n.a.

1500

n.a.

n.a.







500

250

175

250

500

707

1000

1000

1410

n.a.

2500

n.a.

n.a.







1000

500

350

500

1000

1410

n.a.

2000

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.





n.a.

n.a. ..................................................... not applicabl e

AC type .............................................. sine wave test current

A, F types…… ................................... pulsed current

B, B+ types ........................................ smooth DC current

11.3.2 Contact voltage RCD-Uc

Measuring range according to EN 61557 is 20.0 V ÷ 31.0V for limit contact voltage 25V
Measuring range according to EN 61557 is 20.0 V ÷ 62.0V for limit contact voltage 50V

Measuring range (V)

Resolution (V)

Accuracy

0.0 ÷ 19.9

0.1

(-0 % / +15 %) of reading ± 10 digits

20.0 ÷ 99.9

0.1

(-0 % / +15 %) of reading

The accuracy is valid if mains voltage is stabile during the measurement and PE
terminal is free of interfering voltages.

Test current ...................................... max. 0.5×I∆N

Limit contact voltage ......................... 25 V, 50 V

Specified accuracy is valid for complete operating range.

11.3.3 Trip-out time

Complete measurement range corresponds to EN 61557 requirements.
Maximum measuring times set according to selected reference for RCD testing.

Measuring range (ms)

Resolution (ms)

Accuracy

0.0 ÷ 40.0

0.1

±1 ms

0.0 ÷ max. time *

0.1

±3 ms

* For max. time see normative references in chapter 4.4.4 RCD standard – this
specification applies to max. time >40 ms.

Test current ...................................... ½×I∆N, I∆N, 2×I∆N, 5×I

∆N

5×I∆N is not available for I∆N=1000 mA (RCD type AC) or I

∆N

≥ 300 mA (RCD types A, F,

B, B+).
2×I∆N is not available for I∆N=1000 mA (RCD types A, F) or I

∆N

≥ 300 mA (RCD types B,

B+).
1×I∆N is not available for I∆N=1000 mA (RCD types B, B+).

Specified accuracy is valid for complete operating range.

MI 3108 EurotestPV Technical specifications

95

11.3.4 Trip-out current

Trip-out current
Complete measurement range corresponds to EN 61557 requirements.

Measuring range I∆

Resolution I∆

Accuracy

0.2×I∆N ÷ 1.1×I∆N (AC type)

0.05×I∆N

±0.1×I∆N

0.2×I∆N ÷ 1.5×I∆N (A type, I∆N ≥30 mA)

0.05×I∆N

±0.1×I∆N

0.2×I∆N ÷ 2.2×I∆N (A type, I∆N <30 mA)

0.05×I∆N

±0.1×I∆N

0.2×I∆N ÷ 2.2×I∆N (B type)

0.05×I∆N

±0.1×I∆N

Trip-out time

Measuring range (ms)

Resolution (ms)

Accuracy

0 ÷ 300

1

±3 ms

Contact voltage

Measuring range (V)

Resolution (V)

Accuracy

0.0 ÷ 19.9

0.1

(-0 % / +15 %) of reading ± 10 digits

20.0 ÷ 99.9

0.1

(-0 % / +15 %) of reading

The accuracy is valid if mains voltage is stabile during the measurement and PE
terminal is free of interfering voltages.
Trip-out measurement is not available for I∆N=1000 mA (RCD types B, B+).
Specified accuracy is valid for complete op erating range.

11.4 Fault loop impedance and pr ospe c tive fault current

11.4.1 No disconnecting device or FUSE selected

Fault loop impedance
Measuring range according to EN 61557 is 0.25 Ω ÷ 9.99kΩ.

Measuring range (Ω)

Resolution (Ω)

Accuracy

0.00 ÷ 9.99

0.01

±(5 % of reading + 5 digits)

10.0 ÷ 99.9

0.1

100 ÷ 999

1

± 10 % of reading

1.00 k ÷ 9.99 k

10

Prospective fault current (calculated value)

Measuring range (A)

Resolution (A)

Accuracy

0.00 ÷ 9.99

0.01

Consider accuracy of fault

loop resistance

measurement

10.0 ÷ 99.9

0.1

100 ÷ 999

1

1.00 k ÷ 9.99 k

10

10.0 k ÷ 23.0 k

100

The accuracy is valid if mains voltage is stabile during the measurement.

Test current (at 230 V) ...................... 6.5 A (10 ms)

Nominal voltage range ...................... 93 V ÷ 134 V (45 Hz ÷ 65 Hz)

185 V ÷ 266 V (45 Hz ÷ 65 Hz)

MI 3108 EurotestPV Technical specifications

96

11.4.2 RCD selected

Fault loop impedance
Measuring range according to EN 61557 is 0.46 Ω ÷ 9.99 kΩ.

Measuring range (Ω)

Resolution (Ω)

Accuracy

0.00 ÷ 9.99

0.01

±(5 % of reading + 10 digits)

10.0 ÷ 99.9

0.1

100 ÷ 999

1

± 10 % of reading

1.00 k ÷ 9.99 k

10

Accuracy may be impaired in case of heavy noise on mains voltage.
Prospective fault current (calculated value)

Measuring range (A)

Resolution (A)

Accuracy

0.00 ÷ 9.99

0.01

Consider accuracy of fault

loop resistance

measurement

10.0 ÷ 99.9

0.1

100 ÷ 999

1

1.00 k ÷ 9.99 k

10

10.0 k ÷ 23.0 k

100

Nominal voltage range ...................... 93 V ÷ 134 V (45 Hz ÷ 65 Hz)

185 V ÷ 266 V (45 Hz ÷ 65 Hz)
No trip out of RCD.

11.5 Line impedance and prospective short-circuit current / Voltage

drop

Line impedance
Measuring range according to EN 61557 is 0.25 Ω ÷ 9.99kΩ.

Measuring range (Ω)

Resolution (Ω)

Accuracy

0.00 ÷ 9.99

0.01

±(5 % of reading + 5 digits)

10.0 ÷ 99.9

0.1

100 ÷ 999

1

± 10 % of reading

1.00 k ÷ 9.99 k

10

Prospective short-circuit current (calculated value)

Measuring range (A)

Resolution (A)

Accuracy

0.00 ÷ 0.99

0.01

Consider accuracy of line

resistance measureme nt

1.0 ÷ 99.9

0.1

100 ÷ 999

1

1.00 k ÷ 99.99 k

10

100 k ÷ 199 k

1000

Test current (at 230 V) ...................... 6.5 A (10 ms)

Nominal voltage range ...................... 93 V ÷ 134 V (45 Hz ÷ 65 Hz)

185 V ÷ 266 V (45 Hz ÷ 65 Hz)
321 V ÷ 485 V (45 Hz ÷ 65 Hz)

MI 3108 EurotestPV Technical specifications

97

Voltage drop (calculated value)

Measuring range (%)

Resolution (%)

Accuracy

0.0 ÷ 99.9

0.1

Consider accuracy of line

impedance

measurement(s)*

Z

REF

measuring range……………………… 0.00 Ω ÷ 20.0 Ω

*See chapter 5.6.2 Voltage drop for more information about calculation of voltage drop
result

11.6 Resistance to earth

Measuring range according to EN61557-5 is 2.00 Ω ÷ 1999 Ω.

Measuring range (Ω)

Resolution (Ω)

Accuracy

0.00 ÷ 19.99

0.01

±(5% of reading + 5 digits)

20.0 ÷ 199.9

0.1

200 ÷ 9999

1

Max. auxiliary earth electrode resistance RC ... 100×RE or 50 kΩ (whichever is lower)

Max. probe resistance RP ................................ 100×RE or 50 kΩ (whichever is lower)

Additional probe resistance error at R

Cmax

or R

Pmax.

±(10 % of reading + 10 digits)

Additional error

at 3 V voltage noise (50 Hz) ............................ ±(5 % of reading + 10 digits)

Open circuit voltage ......................................... < 15 VAC

Short circuit current .......................................... < 30 mA

Test voltage frequency .................................... 125 Hz

Test voltage shape .......................................... sine wave

Noise voltage indication threshold ................... 1 V (< 50 Ω, worst case)

Automatic measurement of auxiliary electrode resistance and probe resistance.
Automatic measurement of voltage noise.

11.7 Voltage, frequency, and phase rotation

11.7.1 Phase rotation

Nominal system voltage range ......... 100 VAC ÷ 550 VAC

Nominal frequency range .................. 14 Hz ÷ 500 Hz

Result displayed ............................... 1.2.3 or 3.2.1

MI 3108 EurotestPV Technical specifications

98

11.7.2 Voltage

Measuring range (V)

Resolution (V)

Accuracy

0 ÷ 550

1

±(2 % of reading + 2 digits)

Result type ........................................ True r.m.s. (trms)

Nominal frequency range .................. 0 Hz, 14 Hz ÷ 500 Hz

11.7.3 Frequency

Measuring range (Hz)

Resolution (Hz)

Accuracy

0.00 ÷ 9.99

0.01

±(0.2 % of reading + 1 digit)

10.0 ÷ 499.9

0.1

Nominal voltage range ...................... 10 V ÷ 550 V

11.7.4 Online terminal voltage monitor

Measuring range (V)

Resolution (V)

Accuracy

10 ÷ 550

1

±(2 % of reading + 2 digits)

11.8 TRMS Clamp current

Instrument

Maximum voltage on C1 and P/C2 measuring inputs…3 V

Nominal frequency ............................ 0 Hz, 40 Hz ÷ 500 Hz

AC current clamp A1018

Range = 20 A

Measuring range (A)

Resolution (A)

Accuracy*

0.0 m ÷ 99.9 m

0.1 m

±(5 % of reading + 5 digits)

100 m ÷ 999 m

1 m

±(3 % of reading + 3 digits)

1.00 ÷ 19.99

0.01

±(3 % of reading)

Range = 200 A

Measuring range (A)

Resolution (A)

Accuracy*

0.00 ÷ 0.09

0.01

indicative

0.10 ÷ 19.99

0.01

±(3 % of reading + 3 digits)

20.0 ÷ 199.9

0.1

±(3 % of reading)

AC current clamp A1019

Range = 20 A

Measuring range (A)

Resolution (A)

Accuracy*

0.0 m ÷ 99.9 m

0.1 m

indicative

100 m ÷ 999 m

1 m

±(5 % of reading )

1.00 ÷ 19.99

0.01

±(3 % of reading)

MI 3108 EurotestPV Technical specifications

99

Range = 200 A

Measuring range (A)

Resolution (A)

Accuracy*

0.00 ÷ 0.09

0.01

indicative

0.10 ÷ 1.99

0.01

±(5 % of reading + 3 digits)

2.00 ÷ 19.99

0.01

±(3 % of reading + 3 digits)

20.0 ÷ 199.9

0.1

±(3 % of reading)

AC / DC current clamp A1391

Range = 40 A

Measuring range (A)

Resolution (A)

Accuracy*

0.00 ÷ 1.99

0.01

±(3 % of reading + 3 digits)

2.00 ÷ 19.99

0.01

±(3 % of reading)

20.0 ÷ 39.9

0.1

±(3 % of reading)

Range = 300 A

Measuring range (A)

Resolution (A)

Accuracy*

0.00 ÷ 19.99

0.01

indicative

20.0 ÷ 39.9

0.1

40.0 ÷ 299.9

0.1

±(3 % of reading + 5 digits)

* Accuracy at operating conditions for instrument and current clamp is given.

11.9 Power tests

Measurement characteristics

Function symbols

Class according to

IEC 61557-12

Measuring range

P E 2.5

5 % ÷ 100 % I

Nom

(1)

Q 2.5

5 % ÷ 100 % I

Nom

(1)

S 2.5

5 % ÷ 100 % I

Nom

(1)

PF 1 - 1 ÷ 1

f

0.05

40 Hz ÷ 60 Hz

I, I

Nom

1.5

5 % ÷ 100 % I

Nom

U

1.5

110 V ÷ 500 V

Uhn

2.5

0 % ÷ 20 % U

Nom

THDu 2.5

0 % ÷ 20 % U

Nom

Ihn

2.5

0 % ÷ 100 % I

Nom

THDi 2.5

0 % ÷ 100 % I

Nom

(1)

– I

Nom

depends on set current sensor type and selected current range:

- A 1018, A1019 (20 A or 200 A),

- A 1391 (40 A or 300 A)

MI 3108 EurotestPV Technical specifications

100

Note:

 Error of external voltage and current transducers is not considered in this

specification.

Power (P, S, Q)

Measuring range is from 0.00 W (VA, Var) to 99.9 kW (kVA, kVar)

Power factor

Measuring range is from – 1.00 to 1.00

Voltage harmonics

Measuring range is from 0.1 V to 500 V

Voltage THD

Measuring range is from 0.1 % to 99.9 %

Current harmonics and Current THD

Measuring range is from 0.00 A to 199.9 A

Energy

Measuring range is from 0.000 Wh to 1999 kWh
Measurement is performed continuously without gaps.

Notes:

 Error of external voltage and current transducers is not considered in this

specification.

 Accuracy values for Energy are valid if I > 0.2 I

MAX

. I

MAX

is set in ENERGY

measuring menu.

11.10 PV tests

11.10.1 Accurac y of STC data

Accuracy of STC values is based on accuracy of measured electrical quantities,
accuracy of environmental parameters, and entered parameters of PV module. See
Appendix E: PV measurements – calculared values for more information about
calculation of STC values.

11.10.2 Panel, Inverter
DC Voltage

Measuring range (V)

Resolution (V)

Accuracy

0.0 ÷ 199.9

0.1

± (1.5 % of reading + 5 digits)

200 ÷ 999

1

±1.5 % of reading

DC Current

Measuring range (A)

Resolution (mA)

Accuracy

0.00 ÷ 19.99

10

±(1.5 % of reading + 5 digits)

20.0 ÷ 299.9

100

±1.5 % of reading

DC Power

Measuring range (W)

Resolution (W)

Accuracy

0 – 1999

1

± (2.5 % of reading + 6 digits)