Megger MPRT 8415, MPRT 8430 User Manual
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User
Manual
Model MPRT
Megger Protective Relay Tester
Part 710000
Rev 3 Date 11/15/2005
* MPRT shown with optional large carry handle
Revision History
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Revision
1 Initial Release 12/17/2003
2 30043 3/07/2005
3 30207 11/16/2005
This manual, as well as the hardware and software described in it, is furnished under license and
may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license. The content of this
manual is furnished for informational use only, is subject to change without notice. Megger
assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this
manual.
The information and data in this User Manual are proprietary. The equipment described herein
may be protected by U.S. patents. Megger specifically reserves all rights to such proprietary
information as well as rights under any patent, none of which is waived by the submission of this
user manual.
ECN # Date
IMPORTANT
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Except as permitted by such license, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording,
or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Megger.
Megger, the Megger logo are trademarks of Megger. VXWorks, Zinc, and Tornado are either
registered trademarks or trademarks of the WindRiver Corporation in the US and other countries.
Adobe, the Adobe logo, and Adobe Reader are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. All
other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Notice to U.S. government end users. The hardware, software and documentation are
“commercial items”, as that term is defined at 48 C.F.R. §2.101, consisting of “commercial
computer software” and “commercial computer software documentation,” as such terms a re u sed
in 48 C.F.R. §12.212 or 48 C.F.R. §227.7202, as applicable. Consistent with 48 C.F.R. §12.212
or 48 C.F.R. §§227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4, as applicable, the commercial computer software
and commercial computer software documentation are being licensed to U.S. government end
users (1) only as commercial items and (2) with only those rights as are granted to all other end
users pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Megger standard commercial
agreement for this software and hardware. Unpublished rights reserved under the copyright laws
of the United States. The recipient, if a Government agency, acknowledges that this manual and
the equipment described were procured with "Limited Rights" to technical data as described in
ASPR 9-203 (b).
The MPRT test set includes an RTOS-resident computer program. This program belongs to
Megger and contains trade secret ideas and information of Megger.
Written and designed at Megger, 4271 Bronze Way, Dallas, Texas 75237.
__________________________
Printed in the USA.
© 2003, 2005 Megger. All rights reserved.
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
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WARNING:
VOLTAGES GENERATED BY THIS INSTRUMENT CAN BE HAZARDOUS
This instrument has been designed for operator safety; however, no design can
completely protect against incorrect use. Electrical circuits are dangerous and can be
lethal when lack of caution and poor safety practices are used. There are several
standard safety precautions that should be taken by the operator. Where applicable, IEC
safety markings have been placed on the instrument to notify the operator to refer to the
user manual for instructions on correct use or safety related topics. Refer to the following
table of symbols and definitions.
Symbol Description
Direct Current
Alternating Current
Both direct and alternating current
Earth (ground) Terminal. There is a common chassis ground
terminal located on the back panel (see Back Panel under
Description of Controls.
Protective Conductor Terminal
Frame or Chassis Terminal
On (Supply)
Off (Supply)
Caution, risk of electric shock
Caution (refer to accompanying documents)
WARNING: Under no circumstances should the operator or technician attempt to open or
service this instrument while connected to a power source. Lethal voltages are present
and may cause serious injury or death!
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS (Continued)
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The following are some specific safety related items associated with the
MPRT test system.
Always start with the power OFF, before connecting the power cord.
Make sure outputs are off before attempting to make test
connections.
Always use properly insulated test leads. The test leads supplied
with the unit are rated for the continuous output ratings of the test
system, and should be properly used and cared for. DO NOT use
cracked or broken test leads.
Always turn the test system off before disconnecting the power cord
or removing / inserting output modules. Turn the power off when
removing or inserting the Voltage / Current module(s).
DO NOT power up without the modules secured in their respective
slot.
DO NOT attempt to use the unit without a safety ground connected.
DO NOT attempt to use the unit if the power cord ground prong is
broken or missing.
Under no circumstances should the operator put their hand or
tools inside the test system chassis area with the test system
connected to a power source. Lethal voltages are present and
may cause serious injury or death!
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Table of Contents
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Section Page
Revision History ............................................................................................................................ 2
Safety Precautions........................................................................................................................ 4
1.0 Operation........................................................................................................................... 11
1.1 Control Description.......................................................................................................... 11
1.1.1 Front Panel...................................................................................................................... 11
1.1.2 Rear Panel...................................................................................................................... 12
1.1.3 Touch View Interface ...................................................................................................... 14
1.2 Terminology ...................................................................................................................... 15
1.2.1 Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ 15
1.2.2 Glossary of Terms........................................................................................................... 15
1.2.2.1 Tap............................................................................................................................... 15
1.2.2.2 Time Dial ..................................................................................................................... 16
1.2.2.3 Instantaneous (Inst.) Tap............................................................................................. 16
1.2.2.4 Reset Time.................................................................................................................. 16
1.2.2.5 Target Tap...................................................................................................................16
1.2.2.6 Test Multiple................................................................................................................ 16
1.2.2.7 Reach.......................................................................................................................... 16
1.2.2.8 Torque......................................................................................................................... 16
1.2.2.9 Operation (Op) Time.................................................................................................... 16
1.2.2.10 Winding Number............................................................................................................. 17
1.2.2.11 Percent (%) Slope .......................................................................................................... 17
1.2.2.12 Percent (%) Harmonic....................................................................................................17
1.3 Touch View Interface (TVI)............................................................................................... 17
1.4 Input Power and Control..................................................................................................... 17
1.4.1 Input Power.....................................................................................................................17
1.4.2 Control Section................................................................................................................ 17
1.4.2.1 V/I Generator Module.................................................................................................. 17
1.4.2.1.1 Voltage and Current Ranges................................................................................... 18
1.4.2.1.1.1 Model 8415 (each output module)........................................................................... 18
1.4.2.1.1.2 Model 8430 (each output module)........................................................................... 18
1.4.2.1.2 Frequency Ranges................................................................................................... 18
1.4.2.1.3 Phase Angle............................................................................................................. 18
1.5 Timer Control .................................................................................................................... 18
1.5.1 Binary Inputs – Timer...................................................................................................... 19
1.5.1.1 Start, Stop, and Monitor Gates.................................................................................... 19
1.5.1.1.1 Dry Contacts Open.................................................................................................. 19
1.5.1.1.2 Dry Contacts Close.................................................................................................. 19
1.5.1.1.3 Application or Removal of AC or DC voltage........................................................... 19
1.5.2 Binary Outputs – Timer.................................................................................................... 20
1.6 Battery Simulator.............................................................................................................. 20
1.7 Transducer DC IN Measuring Circuit.............................................................................. 20
1.8 Operation of Optional High Current Interface................................................................ 20
2.0 SETUP................................................................................................................................20
2.1 System...............................................................................................................................20
2.2 Touch View Interface Operation...................................................................................... 21
2.2.1 Touch Panel Display....................................................................................................... 22
2.2.1.1 Keypad Entry...............................................................................................................22
2.2.1.2 Alphanumeric Keypad ................................................................................................. 22
2.2.2 Control Knob................................................................................................................... 22
2.2.3 Factory Defaults..............................................................................................................23
2.2.3.1 Language..................................................................................................................... 23
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2.2.3.2 Color Palette................................................................................................................ 23
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2.2.3.3 Brightness.................................................................................................................... 23
2.2.3.4 About - Information Screen ......................................................................................... 24
2.2.3.5 Date and Time............................................................................................................. 24
2.2.3.6 Battery Simulator Setting............................................................................................. 24
2.2.3.7 IP Address...................................................................................................................24
2.2.3.8 Serial Port.................................................................................................................... 24
2.2.3.9 GPIB Address.............................................................................................................. 25
2.2.3.10 Convertible V/I Control ................................................................................................ 25
2.2.3.11 Phase Angle Setting.................................................................................................... 25
2.2.3.12 System Frequency....................................................................................................... 26
2.2.3.13 Default Current Output ................................................................................................ 26
2.2.3.14 Default Voltage Output................................................................................................26
2.2.4 File Management ............................................................................................................ 27
2.2.4.1 Test Files.....................................................................................................................27
2.2.4.2 Test Results................................................................................................................. 27
2.3 Communication Ports ...................................................................................................... 27
2.3.1 RS-232C Serial Port........................................................................................................ 28
2.3.2 IEEE-488 GPIB............................................................................................................... 28
2.3.3 Ethernet 10 BaseT.......................................................................................................... 28
2.3.4 USB Port ......................................................................................................................... 28
2.3.5 Printer Port......................................................................................................................28
2.4 Error Reporting.................................................................................................................28
2.5 Advanced Visual Test Software (AVTS)......................................................................... 28
3.0 OPERATING PROCEDURES............................................................................................ 28
3.1 Touch View Interface........................................................................................................ 28
3.2 Setting Phase Angle Relationships................................................................................ 29
3.3 Current Sources................................................................................................................ 31
3.3.1 Parallel Operation ........................................................................................................... 31
3.3.2 Currents in Series Operation .......................................................................................... 32
3.3.3 Harmonic Restraint Test................................................................................................. 33
3.3.3.1 Basic Harmonic Restraint Test Proced ure..................................................................34
3.4 Voltage Sources................................................................................................................ 35
3.4.1 Outputs Summed Together............................................................................................. 35
3.4.2 Dynamic Voltage Relay Test........................................................................................... 35
3.4.3 3Ø, 3-Wire, Open-Delta and T-Connection..................................................................... 35
3.4.3.1 Open Delta .................................................................................................................. 35
3.4.3.1.1 Voltage Output Connections.................................................................................... 36
3.4.3.2 T-Connection............................................................................................................... 37
3.4.4 3Ø, 4-Wire, Y-Connection............................................................................................... 39
3.5 Internal Software Test Profiles........................................................................................ 40
3.5.1 Pulse Ramping................................................................................................................ 40
3.5.2 Ramping.......................................................................................................................... 40
3.5.3 Angle of Torque............................................................................................................... 41
3.5.4 Step................................................................................................................................. 41
3.5.5 Dynamic Frequency Hz/S ............................................................................................... 42
3.5.6 Auto Synchronizing......................................................................................................... 43
3.5.7 Pickup.............................................................................................................................. 43
3.5.8 Seal-In (Target)............................................................................................................... 44
3.5.9 Timing.............................................................................................................................. 44
3.5.10 Harmonic Restraint......................................................................................................... 44
3.5.11 Slope............................................................................................................................... 44
3.5.12 Through Fault.................................................................................................................. 44
3.5.13 Polarizing........................................................................................................................ 44
3.6 Timer..................................................................................................................................45
Basic Timer Setup Menu............................................................................................................ 45
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Description............................................................................................................................... ..45
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Controls...................................................................................................................................... 45
Complex Timer Setup Menu...................................................................................................... 47
Description............................................................................................................................... ..47
3.7 Battery Simulator.............................................................................................................. 47
3.8 Relay Testing .................................................................................................................... 47
3.8.1 Touch View Interface Graphical User Interface..............................................................48
3.8.1.1 Main Menu Screen ...................................................................................................... 48
3.8.1.2 Pre-set Test Menu....................................................................................................... 49
3.8.2 Impedance Relay Testing Menu .................................................................................. 50
3.8.2.1 Impedance Relay Setting Screen................................................................................ 51
3.8.2.2 The Reach Test Setting Screen.................................................................................. 52
3.8.2.3 Impedance Relay Pre-fault Setting Screen.................................................................53
3.8.2.4 Impedance Relay Reach Test Result Screen............................................................. 54
3.8.2.5 Impedance Relay Test Timing Settings....................................................................... 55
3.8.2.6 Impedance Relay Timing Test Result Screen............................................................. 56
3.8.2.7 Impedance Relay Angle of Torque Test Settings Screen...........................................58
3.8.2.8 Impedance Relay Angle of Torque Test Results Screen............................................59
3.8.2.9 Impedance Relay Target & Seal-In Test and Results................................................. 61
3.8.3 Overcurrent Relay Test Menu...................................................................................... 62
3.8.3.1 Over-Current Relay Setting Screen............................................................................. 63
3.8.3.2 Overcurrent Relay Test Configuration Screen............................................................ 64
3.8.3.3 Overcurrent Relay Pickup Test Results ...................................................................... 66
3.8.3.4 Overcurrent Relay Target & Seal-In Test Results....................................................... 67
3.8.3.5 Overcurrent Relay Instantaneous Test Results .......................................................... 68
3.8.3.6 Overcurrent Relay Timing Test Results ...................................................................... 69
3.8.4 Differential Relay Test Menu........................................................................................ 70
3.8.4.1 Differential Relay Setting Screen ................................................................................ 71
3.8.4.2 Differential Relay Test Configuration Screen..............................................................73
3.8.4.2 Differential Relay Winding 1, 2 or 3 Pick-Up Test Results.......................................... 75
3.8.4.3 Differential Relay Harmonic Restraint Test Results.................................................... 76
3.8.4.4 Differential Relay Slope Test Results.......................................................................... 77
3.8.4.5 Differential Relay Seal-In Test Results........................................................................ 78
3.8.4.6 Differential Relay Instantaneous Test Results............................................................ 79
3.8.4.7 Differential Relay Through Fault Test Results............................................................. 80
3.8.4.8 Differential Relay Polarizing Test Results................................................................... 81
3.8.5 Voltage Relay Test Menu.............................................................................................. 82
3.8.5.1 Voltage Relay Setting Screen ..................................................................................... 83
3.8.5.2 Voltage Relay Pickup Test Results............................................................................. 84
3.8.5.3 Voltage Relay Target & Seal-In Test Results.............................................................. 86
3.8.5.3 Voltage Relay Timing Test Results............................................................................. 87
3.8.6 Synchronous Relay Test Menu.................................................................................... 89
3.8.6.1 Synchronous Relay Setting Screen............................................................................. 90
3.8.6.2 Synchronous Relay Pickup Test Results .................................................................... 91
3.8.6.2.1 Testing Sync-Check, Synchronizing and Auto-Synchronizing Relays.................... 92
3.8.6.3 Synchronous Relay Timing.......................................................................................... 93
3.8.7 Power Relay Test Menu................................................................................................ 94
3.8.7.1 Power Relay Setting Screen ....................................................................................... 95
3.8.7.1.1 Test Configuration Screen.......................................................................................98
3.8.7.2 Power Relay Pickup Test Results............................................................................. 100
3.8.7.3 Power Relay Target & Seal-In Test and Results....................................................... 101
3.8.7.4 Power Relay Timing Test Results.............................................................................102
3.8.8 Reclose Relay Test Menu........................................................................................... 103
3.8.8.1 Reclose Relay Setting Screen................................................................................... 104
3.8.8.2 Reclose Relay Pickup Test Setting Screen............................................................... 105
3.8.8.3 Reclose Relay Timing Test Results .......................................................................... 106
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3.8.8.3.1 Testing Reclosing Relays - Theory of Operation................................................... 107
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3.8.8.3.2 Testing Reclosing Relays (Reclose Only), Timing and Sequence to Lockout ...... 110
3.8.8.3.3 Testing Distribution Relays with Trip, Reclosing and Sequence to Lockout......... 114
3.8.9 Frequency Relay Test Menu ...................................................................................... 118
3.8.9.1 Frequency Relay Setting Screen............................................................................... 119
3.8.9.2 Frequency Relay Pickup Test Results ...................................................................... 120
3.8.9.3 Frequency Relay Target & Seal-In Test Screen ....................................................... 120
3.8.9.4 Frequency Relay Timing Test Screen....................................................................... 122
3.8.9.4.1 Dynamic Frequency Timing Test........................................................................... 122
3.8.10 Manual Test Menu Screen.......................................................................................... 124
3.8.10.1 Manual Voltage/Current Test Screen..................................................................... 125
Description...............................................................................................................................125
Operation ................................................................................................................................. 125
Controls.................................................................................................................................... 125
3.8.10.2 Manual Frequency Test Settings Screen..............................................................128
Description...............................................................................................................................128
Operation ................................................................................................................................. 128
Controls.................................................................................................................................... 128
Dynamic Frequency Operation................................................................................................131
3.8.10.3 Manual Auto Synchronizing Test Screen..............................................................132
Description...............................................................................................................................132
Operation ................................................................................................................................. 132
Controls.................................................................................................................................... 132
Testing Synchronizing and Auto-Synchronizing Relays.......................................................... 133
3.8.10.4 Manual Transducer Test Settings Screen............................................................. 135
3.8.10.4.1 Select Transducer Type..................................................................................... 135
3.8.10.4.2 Transducer Description......................................................................................135
3.8.10.4.3 System Default Settings..................................................................................... 136
3.8.10.4.4 Transducer Output............................................................................................. 137
3.8.10.5 Manual Transducer Test Screen............................................................................ 139
3.8.10.5.1 MPRT Output Section........................................................................................139
3.8.10.5.2 Transducer Output Section................................................................................ 140
3.8.10.6 Testing Transducers...............................................................................................140
3.8.10.6.1 Saving Results.................................................................................................. 141
3.8.10.7 Watt / Var / Va / Power Factor Applications.......................................................... 141
3.8.10.7.1 Watt/VAR 1 Element..........................................................................................141
3.8.10.7.2 Power Factor 1 Element..................................................................................... 142
3.8.10.7.3 Watt/VAR1 1/2 Element.....................................................................................144
3.8.10.7.4 Watt/VAR 2 Element..........................................................................................145
3.8.10.7.5 Watt/VAR 2 1/2 Element....................................................................................147
3.8.10.7.6 Watt/VAR 3 Element..........................................................................................149
3.8.10.7.7 Power Factor 3 Element..................................................................................... 151
3.8.10.8 Single Phase Applications ..................................................................................... 152
3.8.10.8.1 AC and DC V oltage Transducers....................................................................... 152
3.8.10.8.2 AC and DC Current Transd ucers....................................................................... 153
3.8.10.8.3 Frequency Transducers..................................................................................... 154
4.0 External High Current Amplifier.................................................................................... 156
5.0 Warranty Statement........................................................................................................ 156
6.0 Service Data.................................................................................................................... 157
6.1 Preventive Maintenance................................................................................................. 157
6.1.1 Examine the Unit........................................................................................................... 157
6.2 MPRT Ethernet Port and IP Networks........................................................................... 157
6.2.1 Setting MPRT IP Address Dialog Box........................................................................... 158
6.2.2 Updating MPRT Software / Firmware........................................................................... 158
6.3 Service and Repair Instructions.................................................................................... 159
6.3.1 Basic Troubleshooting................................................................................................... 159
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6.3.1.2 Power Input............................................................................................................ 160
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6.3.1.3 Input Power and Control........................................................................................160
6.3.1.4 Binary Inputs and Battery Simulator...................................................................... 161
6.3.1.5 Voltage/Current Amplifier Module.......................................................................... 162
6.2.1.3 Input Power and Control........................................................................................162
6.4 Calibration Check........................................................................................................... 163
6.4.1 Checking Transducer DC IN.........................................................................................164
6.4.2 Checking Battery Simulator........................................................................................... 164
6.4.3 Checking AC Volts / DC Volts....................................................................................... 164
6.4.4 Checking AC Amperes / DC Amperes.......................................................................... 165
6.4.5 Checking AC Current – Convertible Channel............................................................... 166
6.4.6 Checking Phase Angle.................................................................................................. 167
6.4.7 Checking Frequency.....................................................................................................168
6.5 Preparation for Reshipment .......................................................................................... 168
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1.0 Operation
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The unit’s design is a "modular" concept. All controls and outputs are clearly marked and
logically grouped so continual reference to the instruction manual should not be necessary once
the test operator is acquainted with the operation of the test system. The unit’s rear panel will
appear different among units since each unit may have up to four V/I Generator Modules and
may have an optional EPOCH II / EPOCH 20 interface, or other type. However, there must be at
least one V/I Generator Module installed for this unit to operate properly.
1.1 Control Description
Figure 1 MPRT Front Panel
1.1.1 Front Panel
1. POWER ON/OFF Switch – used to switch unit on and off.
2. ON Light – indicates power is on when illuminated.
3. Reset Button – the reset button provides a soft reboot for the unit and restores the unit
to its normal Power-On state. The reset will clear all values entered into various screens.
The data should be saved before performing a reset, if possible.
4. Binary Outputs – there are 6 internal to the MPRT Unit. Each output can be configured
as Normally Open or Normally Closed contacts providing logic to the device under test.
The output can switch up to 300 VAC or 250 VDC with 1 Amp continuous. The
programmable wait duration is from 1 millisecond to 10,000 milliseconds.
5. Battery Simulator – the output voltages are 24, 48, 125 and 250 Volts DC with current
limiting output power protection. If a voltage is powered ON, that respective voltage will
have a lighted value.
6. Measurement (DC IN) – the DC IN will allow measurements up to ± 10 Volts DC or ± 20
milliamps of current.
7. Binary Inputs – there are 10 internal to the MPRT unit. The input will accept a voltage
range of 5 to 300 VAC or 5 to 250 VDC or dry Normally Open / Normally Closed contacts.
8. Three Phase Power Indication – the three phases are noted by the red, yellow, and
blue color boxes surrounding each output. Phase A (V1 & I1) is denoted by the red color;
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Phase B (V2 & I2) is denoted by the yellow color; and Phase C (V3 & I3) is denoted by
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the blue color. An optional fourth output module is denoted by the black color box. With a
fourth output module installed, there may be up to four phases of voltage and current, or
two three phase open delta voltages, with four currents, or up to eight phases of current.
The first four phases are indicated by V1/I1, V2/I2, V3/I3 and V4/I4. Once the voltage
generators are converted to current generators, they will change as indicated below:
V1 ⇒ I5
V2 ⇒ I6
V3 ⇒ I7
V4 ⇒ I8
9. TVI Connector – connects the Touch View Interface to the unit. Used for manual
operation, and display outputs when under computer control.
1.1.2 Rear Panel:
Figure 2 MPRT Rear Panel
1. Incoming Power / Line Cord – the input line cord, ground terminal, are mounted on the
back panel of the test set.
Input Line Cord
The test set is equipped with a line cord; see the accessory kit, which
connects to the male plug on the back panel. Verify the input voltage
before connecting the line cord to the power source.
NOTE: The unit can be powered from an input source with a rating of
100 VAC to 240 VAC. The unit automatically adjusts to the available
power if it is within the specified range.
2. Earth Ground Jack – use this terminal to connect chassis ground to earth ground.
A chassis ground (earth) point on the back panel is provided as an
additional safety ground.
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3. RS-232C Serial Port - The serial port can operate at a maximum baud rate of 115,200
and will send / receive data in a serial fashion. See section 2.2.3.8 for more description.
4. IEEE-488 GPIB –The IEEE-488 GPIB port enables the unit to function as a talker-listener
as well as operate at speeds much faster than the serial bus, which will send / receive
data in a parallel fashion. This will allow DFR and EMTP files to be downloaded at a
faster rate. See section 2.2.3.9 for more description.
5. Ethernet 10BaseT – The Ethernet 10BaseT port will typically operate very efficiently and
effectively in real time. This port is the fastest communication method within this unit.
The setup will be similar to Microsoft
addition, this port provides the optimal method for downloading EMTP files, DFR
streaming, and updating the unit’s firmware as required. See sections 2.2.3.7 and 6.2 for
more descriptions.
6. USB Interface – Provides a communication port for connecting external devices, such as
the optional external binary input/output box to the unit (when more than 10 binary inputs
and/or more than 6 binary outputs are required).
7. EPOCH High Current Interface Port –The High Current Interface port is provided on the
rear panel of the unit. It is designed to interface with the Multi-Amp Models EPOCH-II or
EPOCH-20 High-Current Output Units (reference the EPOCH-20 or EPOCH-II Bulletins
for output specifications). This port interfaces with the optional interface module box to
provide control of up to three EPOCH-20 or EPOCH-II current amplitude, phase angle
and frequency outputs. Status of the EPOCH-20/II output can be seen on the TVI display.
8. External Clock –The external clock has separate input and output connections. The
Clock In is used in conjunction with a Clock Out from another unit or other clock source
for multiple unit operations or other special test applications. The Clock Out provides a
24 KHz clock signal to another unit that phase locks these units together.
9. External Trigger –The External Trigger has separate input and output connections. They
enable the unit to sync with another unit, or TTL (+ 5Vdc) signal source such as a GPS
satellite receiver. The Trigger In is used in conjunction with another unit to establish a
trigger for a special operation or programmed event. Typically the Trigger In
synchronizes to the Trigger Out unit and acts as a slave to it. The Trigger Out provides a
TTL digital signal to another unit in order to synchronize a multiple unit operation when it
needs to establish a trigger for a special operation or programmed event. The TTL signal
and pulse width for the GPS receiver is:
Voltage Input Signal: 3V peak minimum Pulse Width: 50µS nominal
10. PRINTER Interface Port– For future use (not used at this time).
®
Windows where one may set the protocol. In
Voltage/Current Modules (or V/I Gen). –There are four available slots for the Voltage/Current
Amplifier Modules. The slots are numbered from right to left with the back of the unit facing you.
Looking at the back of the unit, the rightmost slot equates to Phase A; the second slot from the
right equates to Phase B; the third slot from the right equates to Phase C; and left most slot may
be used to provide a fourth phase, polarizing voltage and/or current, residual voltage and/or
current, or other required sources.
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Amplifier EXT Inputs – There can be up to four sets of BNC connectors labeled V1/I5, I1; V2/I6,
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I2; V3/I7, I3 and V4/I8, I4 on the back panel depending on the number of amplifier modules
installed. These connectors are used to amplify an external analog signal using the MPRT
amplifiers. Application of ± 10 Volts Peak will provide Full Scale output from the selected output.
Figure 3 MPRT Rear Panel, Analog Input Terminals
CAUTION: DO NOT APPLY MORE THAN ± 10 VOLTS PEAK TO THE EXT INPUT
TERMINALS. APPLICATIION OF MORE THAN 10 VOLTS PEAK MAY DAMAGE THE
AMPLIFIER.
1.1.3 Touch View Interface
The Touch View Interface is used in manual operation of the unit. The color LCD touch-panel
display and control knob are the operator interface for the unit.
Figure 4 Touch-View Interface
1. LCD Color Display – this is an 8.5 inch touch panel display.
2. Control Knob – this knob will adjust values once the cursor is in the box location of the
value to be changed.
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1.2 Terminology
The acronyms, terms, and definitions used throughout this manual are described below:
1.2.1 Acronyms
AC Alternating Current
AVTS Advanced Visual Test Software
CW Clockwise (rotation)
CCW Counter Clockwise (rotation)
DC Direct Current
GPIB General Purpose Interface Bus (IEEE-488)
GPS Global Position System
GUI Graphical User Interface
Hz Hertz
ID Identification
I/O Input/Output
kHz Kilo Hertz
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LED Light Emitting Diode
MAG Magnitude
MHz Megahertz
MTA Maximum Torque Angle
NVRAM Non-volatile Random Access Memory
PC Personal Computer
ROM Read-Only Memory
RS-232 Serial Communication Interface
RTS Relay Test System
SRAM Static Random Access Memory
SSD Solid State Disk
TCM Timer Control Module
TVI Touch View Interface
USB Universal Serial Bus
VAC Volts Alternating Current
VDC Volts Direct Current
V/I Gen Voltage / Current Generator Module
VRMS Volts Root Mean Square
UUT Unit Under Test
1.2.2 Glossary of Terms
The MPRT TVI display screens prompt the user to select, or set, various values. The values vary
depending on the relay under test, and the relay setting screen. Many of the terms used are
similar in nature and mean virtually the same thing regardless of the type of relay. For example,
the term Time Dial is the used to define the time dial setting on the relay under test. The Time
Dial could be on an overcurrent relay, or just as easily be on a under voltage relay.
Unfortunately, some of the terms described here may apply to different types of relays in different
ways, and thus may not cover every possible relay made. However, it is hoped that this glossary
will help the user to understand every setting value on every relay setting screen.
1.2.2.1 Tap
A numerical value associated with a tap setting on the relay. Tap is normally associated with a
value of current, voltage, frequency or watts. Tap is used to define a setting value, pick up value,
or minimum operating point, of the relay under test.
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1.2.2.2 Time Dial
A numerical value normally associated with a TIME CURVE, or defines the use of a specific time
curve from a family of curves. Used when conducting a timing test. The TIME DIAL number also
may be used in a Time-Curve algorithm in calculating the theoretical operating time of the relay
under test.
1.2.2.3 Instantaneous (Inst.) Tap
A numerical value associated with a tap setting on the instantaneous element of the relay.
Normally associated with a value of current or voltage. Used to define a pick up value, or
minimum operating point, of the instantaneous element of the relay under test.
1.2.2.4 Reset Time
Is a numerical value of time in seconds. Normally associated with electromechanical relays, this
is the amount of time required for the operating disk to reset. If multiple timing tests are
conducted on a relay, the test system will wait the Reset Time value prior to applying the next
timing test.
Note, if the Reset Time is too short, and the disk does not completely reset, then timing error
will be introduced to the test. Note that numerical relays also can have reset times to coordinate
with electromechanical relays.
1.2.2.5 Target Tap
Is a numerical value of dc current. This value is used when conducting the Target and Seal-in
tests on electromechanical relays.
1.2.2.6 Test Multiple
A numerical value normally associated with conducting timing tests. Multiples are normally
expressed in terms of 2, 3, 4, etc., times the Relay Tap, or Pickup, value of the relay under test.
If only one Test Multiple is entered, then only one timing test point will be conducted. If two or
three multiples are entered, then the test system will wait the Reset Time before applying the next
Test Multiple.
1.2.2.7 Reach
A numerical value expressed in Ohms. This value is used to determine the “distance”, in Ohms,
that the relay under test “sees” either into the transmission line or a generator.
1.2.2.8 Torque
A numerical value expressed in degrees. A value used in impedance relays to define the
“maximum torque angle” or “line angle” setting of the relay under test.
1.2.2.9 Operate, (Op) or Trip Time
A numerical value which expresses the operating time of the relay under test. Normally used to
specify a definite operating time for a given fault value.
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1.2.2.10 Winding (1,2,3,4) Tap
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A numerical value associated with the Winding Number i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., of a transformer
differential relay. Used to define the tap setting value and test for each winding.
1.2.2.11 % Slope
A numerical value which establishes the operating characteristic of a differential relay. The
operating characteristic of the differential relay is a line, with a slope defined by the ratio of the
operating and restraint values.
1.2.2.12 % Harmonic
A numerical value which establishes the percent of harmonic restraint for a harmonic restrained
transformer differential relay. This value will be used to determine Pass/Fail during the Harmonic
Restraint test.
1.3 Touch View Interface (TVI)
The Touch View Interface is the operator’s interface for the manual operation of this unit.
Variable or value changes are performed by the touch panel keypad or by rotating the control
knob after touching the display with your finger where the change is required. See section 2.2 for
operational details.
1.4 Input Power and Control
1.4.1 Input Power
The input voltage may be from 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 hertz. Input current required varies with
the number of output modules in use and load. The maximum input power is 2100VA. The input
is protected by an ON/OFF switch / circuit breaker.
American power cord (part number 801046).
Model 84XX-XXXXEX comes with a Continental Europe power cord (part number 15021).
The 84XX-XXXXIX comes with a standard International Color code power co rd as shown below.
The cord, part number 14525, is ready for wiring to the appropriate plug (depending on country).
The following colors apply, Brown = Line, Blue = Neutral and Green/Yellow = Ground.
Model 84XX-XXXXAX comes with a North
Figure 5 International Color Coded Power Cord
1.4.2 Control Section
1.4.2.1 V/I Generator Module
The voltage and current ranges may be set to zero for automatic range adjustments or manually
set to the number desired in volts or amps as indicated below. The unit will choose the lowest
range which contains the desired value.
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1.4.2.1.1 Voltage and Current Ranges
1.4.2.1.1.1 Model 8415 (each output module)
Voltage Range Power / Current (Max)
30.00V 150VA @ 5A
150.00V 150VA @ 1A
Current Range (RMS) Power / Voltage (Max)
4.0A 200VA @ 50.0 V
7.5A 200VA @ 26.7 V
15.0A 200VA @ 13.4 V
1.4.2.1.1.2 Model 8430 (each output module)
Voltage Range Power / Current (Max)
30.00V 150VA @ 5.0A
150.00V 150VA @ 1.0A
300.0V 150VA @ 0.5A
Current Range (RMS) Power / Voltage (Max)
4.0A 200VA@ 50.0 V
7.5A 200VA @ 26.6 V
15.0A 200VA @ 13.4 V
30.0A 200VA @ 6.67 V
1.4.2.1.2 Frequency Ranges
The output module is able to provide a variable frequency output with the following ranges:
DC
00.001 to 99.999
100.01 to 999.99
1.4.2.1.3 Phase Angle
The phase angle may be set from 0° to 359.9° in either lead or lag configuration, clockwise or
counterclockwise rotation. In addition, the user may select the angle display configuration of
±180°. See section 2.2.3.11, Phase Angle Setting, for information regarding Factory Default
settings.
1.5 Timer Control
The Timer can indicate the elapsed time either in seconds or in cycles. The Timer is prearranged
in the setup screens of the respective relay types that are to be evaluated. There are factory
default settings for the timer inputs.
RMS
RMS
RMS
RMS
RMS
RMS
RMS
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1.5.1 Binary Inputs – Timer
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The Timer is specifically designed to measure high speed operation of electro-mechanical, solidstate and microprocessor-based protection relays. In addition, it will perform timing tests on EHV
to low voltage breakers, trip circuits, and contactors. The factory default settings are:
Input 1: Timer start, normally open position, and latched ON
Input 2: Timer stop, normally open position, and latched ON
Input 3: Dry Contact monitor, normally open position, and latched OFF
And Inputs 4 through 16 as dry contact monitor, normally open position, and
latched OFF.
It incorporates the banana plug receptacles that may be programmed to be: Start Gates, Stop
Gates, and Monitor Gates, all Stop Gates, all Contact Continuity Monitors, or all Voltage
Applied/Removed Monitors.
1.5.1.1 Start, Stop, and Monitor Gates
In the TVI there are up to sixteen identical, independent, programmable gate circuits (Start, Stop,
and Monitor) that permit simple selection of the desired mode for timing or contact monitoring
operation. There are 10 internal inputs and 6 optional external inputs for the unit.
To monitor operation of the contacts or trip SCR in the device under test, an "ACTIVE" light is
provided for each gate. The gate circuit is isolated for voltage-sensing and can monitor solidstate logic signals. Each “Active” light will illuminate once contacts close or voltage is applied to
the gate. If desired, a tone generator (horn) may provide an audible indication when the contacts
close or voltage is applied.
1.5.1.1.1 Dry Contacts Open
Timer starts, stops or a continuity indicator goes out at the opening of normally closed contacts,
or when conduction through a semiconductor device, such as a triac or a transistor, is interrupted.
1.5.1.1.2 Dry Contacts Close
Timer starts, stops or a continuity indicator glows at the closing of the normally open contacts, or
upon conduction through a semiconductor device such as a triac or a transistor.
1.5.1.1.3 Application or Removal of AC or DC voltage
This will either start the Timer or stop the Timer. The continuity indicator will glow (application) or
darkens (removal) upon the application or removal of either an AC or DC voltage. A higher
threshold voltage helps to eliminate false triggers due to a noisy source. Lower thresholds allow
starting and stopping of timer from TTL voltage signals. The allowable voltage applied is 5 to 300
Volts AC or 5 to 300 Volts DC, current limiting resistors provide protection.
1.5.1.1.4 The Timer can be started when turning on any selected generator s.
1.5.1.1.5 The Timer can be started simultaneously with a change in Frequency, Phase
Angle, or Amplitude. Also, it can be started simultaneously with a Voltage or Current waveform
step.
1.5.1.1.6 The Timer can be stopped upon Phase Synchronization between two voltage
channels (normally used to time auto synchronizing relays).
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1.5.2 Binary Outputs – Timer
There are 6 internal outputs and 10 optional external outputs for the unit. The contacts can
switch up to 300 VAC, 1 Amp or 250 VDC, 1 Amp continuous. The contacts may be to open or
closed, thus simulating circuit breaker operation. The programmable wait duration is from 1
millisecond to 10,000 milliseconds.
1.6 Battery Simulator
The receptacles provide 24, 48, 125, or 250 VDC with current limiting protection. The primary
application is to provide DC logic voltage to solid-state and microprocessor relays.
CAUTION:
NOTE: DC voltage is ON and available when the output is turned on using
the LCD touch panel or via software command. Do not plug or insert any
test lead into the BATTERY SIMULATOR binding posts without first
connecting the test leads to the load!
1.7 Transducer DC IN Measuring Circuit
The DC measuring circuit’s voltage is from 0 ±10VDC and current from either 0±1mADC or 1 to
±20mADC. This circuit is used for testing transducers. See Section 3.8.10.4 for more description.
1.8 Operation of Optional High Current Interface
The High Current Interface may be initiated in the Main Menu Screen. The High Current Interface
button is located at the bottom of the TVI. When initiated, the “High I” will change to “Unit I”.
When a relay test is completed and the HIGH CURRENT INTERFACE is no longer required, turn
OFF the EPOCH-20/II test unit.
2.0 SETUP
2.1 System
Unpack the unit and check for evidence of any shipping damage. If there is any visual damage,
notify the freight carrier to make a damage claim and notify Megger of the damage.
Potentially lethal voltages may be present on the output terminals. It is
highly recommended the operator read the user manual thoroughly and have an
understanding of the test set operation prior to turning power on.
1. Plug the Touch View Interface into the front of the unit. The TVI will be active once the
CAUTION
power is turned ON. A personal computer (PC) will take control of the unit if it is
connected. The unit power must be OFF before the PC is connected to the unit.
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2. Before connecting power to the unit, make sure the POWER ON/OFF Switch is in the
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OFF position (0). Plug the unit line cord into a power source and turn the POWER
ON/OFF Switch to ON (I).
2.2 Touch View Interface Operation
The TVI is the manual control and user interface for the unit. All manual entries will be made
through the TVI unless the unit is connected to a personal computer. During the power up
sequence the test system automatically does self-test to insure everything is operating properly.
Once the system has completed its self checks the Introduction screen will appear.
Figure 6 Introduction Screen
Pressing the Main Menu button will produce the following screen.
Figure 7 Main Menu Screen
If a PC is connected, the TVI will display the monitored outputs when the PC is in control of the
unit. The Timer button will be available to select time ONLY. In addition, the vector graph will be
displayed on the TVI.
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2.2.1 Touch Panel Display
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The TVI Touch Panel Display is the means by which data is entered into the unit, while the unit is
in manual control. The TVI will display all active (ON) generators in red and all selected, but
inactive (OFF), generators in green. If a generator is not selected it will be grey. If an entered
value is out-of-range, an error screen will appear to notify the setting is out-of-range.
2.2.1.1 Keypad Entry
The keypad entry provides an interface to the user when entering a value in the various screens.
Touching a data entry window on the TVI will activate the Numeric Keypad. Pressing Enter or
Cancel will return the user to the previous screen that is in use. Pressing Ramp will select that
value to ramp when using the control knob. Pressing Clear will clear the value you just entered.
Figure 8 TVI Numeric Keypad
2.2.1.2 Alphanumeric Keypad
The alphanumeric keypad allows the entry of ASCII text into the TVI. This keypad is used to enter
file names in length for the primary name, and a 3 character extension in the file management
screen. This screen is also used when using the Transducer Test Setting Screen.
Figure 9 TVI Alphanumeric Keyboard
2.2.2 Control Knob
The control knob will change the values after touching the display to highlight the value that
requires ramping. Clockwise rotation increases and counterclockwise decreases. The control
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knob uses a speed control algorithm to provide fine adjustment, with a slow rotation, and a larger
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step adjustment with a faster rotation.
2.2.3 Factory Defaults
There are several factory default settings including language, system frequency, phase angle
rotation, battery simulator, GPIB address, IP address, brightness and contrast, unit and V/I Gen
serial numbers, and the color palette. Pressing the System Config. button on the Main Menu will
result in the following,
Figure 10 Default System Configuration Screen
2.2.3.1 Language
The factory default is English, but may be changed to French, Spanish, German, Italian, or
Portuguese. Other languages will be added to the list at a later date. To change language, press
the language select button on the Main Menu Screen, see Figure 7.
2.2.3.2 Color Palette
The background and color scheme is adjustable. Press the button to select from a variety of other
color schemes.
Figure 11 Color Palette Selection Screen
2.2.3.3 Brightness
The brightness is adjustable. The display will always be visible since hardware limits the
brightness from becoming too bright or too dark to be seen. Press the brightness + or - buttons to
make adjustments.
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2.2.3.4 About - Information Screen
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The V/I Generators, Timer and Unit Serial Numbers, software/firmware versions and unit
configuration will be displayed once the About button is pressed. This information is useful when
calling Dallas for service or technical support related issues.
2.2.3.5 Date and Time
Press this button to reset the Date and Time. This information is critical for saving tests and test
results in the unit internal file manager.
2.2.3.6 Battery Simulator Setting
The Battery Simulator output voltage can be set to 24, 48, 125, or 250 Volts DC. The Volts DC
selection only establishes the voltage values, but does not turn power ON for the Battery
Simulator. The various test setup screens will allow the Battery Simulator to be powered ON/OFF
as applicable. Pressing the DC Battery Simulator setting button the following selection screen will
appear.
Figure 12 Battery Simulator Voltage Selection Screen
2.2.3.7 IP Address
The IP address allows the unit to be connected and controlled on a local area network. Pressing
the IP Address button will produce the IP Address Dialog box. See Section 6.2 MPRT Ethernet
Port and IP Networks for details associated with use of the Ethernet port and IP address settings.
Figure 13 Ethernet IP Address Dialog Box
2.2.3.8 Serial Port
The Serial port will operate at various baud rates. Pressing the Baud Rate button will provide a
list of baud rates to choose from. Popular rates are 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 and 115200. The
higher bauds rates provide faster downloads and response to commands.
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2.2.3.9 GPIB Address
The GPIB address is selectable from 01 to 15. The factory default is 01. This will permit
communication between a personal computer and the unit once the IEEE-488 GPIB driver is set
to communicate with the respective address.
2.2.3.10 Convertible V/I Control
Used to change voltage channel to a current channel. Current configuration will be highlighted in
red, while the unselected channels will be in green. If the channel is not present, it will be in grey
and not available for selection.
Figure 14 Convertible V/I Selection Screen
Note: If channel is not installed, the channels will be grey (see Figure 15 above).
2.2.3.11 Phase Angle Setting
The Phase Angle Setting has three selections: 0-360° Lead, Lag or ±180°. In addition, the user
can set the display for clockwise and counterclockwise rotations. The factory default is 0-360°
lagging. Press the Phase Angle select button, and the following screen will appear.
Figure 15 Phase Angle Display Selection Screen
Select either Leading or Lagging and the phase indicators 0 deg., or 0, 240, 120 deg. or 0, 120,
240 deg. or 0, - 120, +120 deg. Selecting 0 -360 Lead and 0, 240, 120 deg. will result with V1
referenced at 0˚, V2 at 240˚ Leading V1 and V3 at 120˚ Leading V1, Counterclockwise rotation.
Currents when entered will Lead their respective voltages by the angle entered. Selecting 0 – 360
Lag, and 0, 120, 240 will result with the voltage V2 and V3 lagging V1 by 120 and 240 degrees
respectively. Any current values entered will lag their respective voltages by the angle indicated.
See section 3.2 for more details on setting phase angle relationships.
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2.2.3.12 System Frequency
The system frequency will be set to the typical value of the country, either 50 or 60 hertz. Other
fixed frequencies are available. The unit can provide a fixed output frequency of 0 (DC), 25, 50,
60, 100 hertz, or Line Sync 50/60 Hz. To change the default frequency press the System
Frequency button and the following selection screen will appear.
Figure 16 System Default Frequency Select
2.2.3.13 Default Current Output
The Default Current provides a default value (set for 0 Amps) and provides the selectable setup
values for the current. The selectable currents are 0, 1, and 5 amps phase-to-neutral. This will
also be the value used in the prefault settings screen as well some other preset test screens.
These settings will change once the values are changed by the user in the relay settings screen.
2.2.3.14 Default Voltage Output
The Default Voltage output provides a default value (set for 0 volts) and provides the selectable
setup values for the voltage. These settings can be changed by the user in the relay settings
screen. Press the Default Voltage button and a list of popular phase-to-neutral values will be
provided to choose from. This is a big time saver when testing three-phase relays, the user does
not have to enter each individual voltage value, they will already be preset ready to use.
Figure 17 Default Voltage Setting Screen
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2.2.4 File Management
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The file management display is used by the TVI to access files stored on the unit’s internal
memory. This display will allow test files to be loaded, make or change directories, rename files
and directories, delete files and directories that were created by the customer.
Figure 18 File Manager Screen
The display is divided into two parts: the upper half is used to define the user action; and the
lower half displays the files and directories. File names are limited to 99 capital letter characters.
The alphanumeric keypad is used to enter file or directory names. In addition, the name of a file
or directory will appear in the name area as the cursor moves (using Up and Down buttons)
through the list of files or directories.
The following list of actions may be used in this display through pull down menus: Save Data,
Read Data, Make Directory, Rename, Delete, Save User Sys Defaults, Read User Sys Defaults,
Read Factory Defaults and Delete Factory Defaults. If files are to be deleted or written over, a
warning message will alert the operator this action is about to take place. This allows the
operator to cancel the action.
2.2.4.1 Test Files
The test files are used to verify the functionality of specific relays. These files typically verify the
functionality of the entire relay to ensure the operational readiness of this unit under test (UUT).
The test files may be provided by Megger or generated by the customer. Default files may be
added to or removed from the database. These files will reside in a specific directory in the
MPRT internal memory.
2.2.4.2 Test Results
The test results may be stored in the MPRT internal memory as a soft copy or downloaded into a
PC for soft and/or hard copy. The test results file must be saved using the file management
display. This is performed using a file naming convention that uniquely identifies the test results.
2.3 Communication Ports
There are several different communication ports. These ports are: Serial, USB, GPIB, Parallel,
and Ethernet. The function of these ports are similar, but are differentiated by their respective
speed at performing a set of operations.
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2.3.1 RS-232C Serial Port
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The Serial port will operate at various baud rates. The connection to it is limited by this speed.
Check baud rate using the System Configuration screen.
2.3.2 IEEE-488 GPIB
The IEEE-488 GPIB port will allow a faster baud rate and connectivity to the Unit. This port is
recommended for connection to the unit except when DFR streaming or EMTP files need to be
controlled in real-time.
2.3.3 Ethernet 10 BaseT
The Ethernet port will allow the fastest method for DFR playback streaming in real-time.
Firmware updates use this port for downloading purposes, since it is the most effective and
efficient communication. Simply connect the port to the networked PC and download accordingly.
2.3.4 USB Port
The USB ports are used for communication to external devices, such as an optional I/O interface
box.
2.3.5 Printer Port
The Printer port is for future use and is not available at this time.
2.4 Error Reporting
There are over 300 possible error messages that the operator may witness. Some have to do
with manual operation, some have to do with automated operation, and some have to do with unit
errors or overload situations. For example, errors will be reported when out-of-range values are
entered. The error screen will display the range for that value to ensure a value is entered that
resides within the tolerance of the range.
2.5 Advanced Visual Test Software (AVTS)
AVTS is external software specifically constructed to work with Megger relay test equipment
(MPRT and Pulsar). The software contains the necessary steps to perform specific relay tests. It
is designed to perform manual or automated relay testing for distance (impedance), over-current,
differential, frequency, voltage, synchronous, power and reclose relays. Also, AVTS is
specifically designed to perform DFR testing and playback including GPS synchronized end-toend tests. The MPRT comes with a Basic version of AVTS, while the Advanced and Professional
versions are optional.
3.0 OPERATING PROCEDURES
This section describes basic operating procedures for using the multiple output modules of the
unit for such applications as paralleling current outputs, conducting harmonic restraint tests,
series of potential sources to provide higher than rated potential, testing over/under voltage relays
and forming three phase voltage outputs.
3.1 Touch View Interface
The Touch View Interface (TVI) is used to operate the MPRT manually. It is controlled via a
touch screen and a control knob. The touch screen allows the operator to change a parameter by
simply touching the location for the value. Then, a keypad can be used to change the value or
the operator may use the knob to modify the value.
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3.2 Setting Phase Angle Relationships
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Think of each V/I Generator module as a vector generator. Each module has an internal zero
reference to which it references its phase angle settings as displayed on the TVI. This applies to
phase angle settings between the voltage and current outputs. When setting a phase angl e
between two outputs, it is recommended that one output be set at 0° and the other output be
referenced to the 0° . This is for operator convenience only. When setting an angle, the operator
has a multiple of choices, depending on the Default Phase Angle setting in the Default Setting
Screen, see 2.2.3.9. In the engineering world and in the following figures, the lagging diagram
displays negative rotation and will create negative sequence components, while the Lead and +/180 diagrams display positive rotation which is normal system activity.
Figure 19 Positive Phase Rotation Diagrams
Figure 20 Negative Sequence Phase Rotation Diagrams
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Figure 21 Positive Phase Sequence Rotation Using ± 180˚
For example, using 0-360 Lag (0, 120, 240) setting an angle of 30° between the two outputs
would look like:
The reference output is 0° and the second output is rotated 30° clockwise. In other words, the
angle is lagging the referenced source by 30°.
Conversely, if the angle decreases in the counterclockwise direction from 359.9° toward 0.0°, for
a setting angle of 300.0°, the second output would look like:
The reference output is 0° and the second output is rotated to 60° in the counterclockwise
direction. In other words, the second output lags the reference output by 300° or leads it by 60°.
The user may default to phase angles to ±180° with the
- (negative) angles lagging and the +
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