AVTM246004
July 2011
Rev. 4
Instruction Manual
BITE 2 and BITE 2P
Battery Impedance
Test Equipment
(Includes AVOLink Addendum)
BITE 2: Catalog No. 246002B
BITE 2P: Catalog No. 246004
HIGH-VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT
Read this entire manual before operating.
APARATO DE ALTO VOLTAJE
Ante de operar este producto lea este manual enteramente.
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2621 Van Buren Ave
Norristown, PA 19403-2329
610-676-8500
www.megger.com
BITE 2 and BITE 2P
Battery Impedance Test Equipment
Instruction Manual
Copyright© 2003 by Megger. All rights reserved.
The information presented in this manual is believed to be adequate for the intended use of the
product. If the product or its individual instruments are used for purposes other than those specified
herein, confirmation of their validity and suitability must be obtained from Megger. Refer to the
warranty information below. Specifications are subject to change without notice.
WARRANTY
Products supplied by Megger are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a
period of one year following shipment. Our liability is specifically limited to replacing or repairing, at
our option, defective equipment. Equipment returned to the factory for repair must be shipped
prepaid and insured. Contact your MEGGER representative for instructions and a return
authorization (RA) number. Please indicate all pertinent information, including problem symptoms.
Also specify the serial number and the catalog number of the unit. This warranty does not include
batteries, lamps or other expendable items, where the original manufacturer’s warranty shall apply.
We make no other warranty. The warranty is void in the event of abuse (failure to follow
recommended operating procedures) or failure by the customer to perform specific maintenance as
indicated in this manual.
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2621 Van Buren Ave
Norristown, PA 19403-2329
610-676-8500 (Telephone)
610-676-8610 (Fax)
www.megger.com
email: battery@megger.com
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Contents
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1
About the BITE 2 and BITE 2P…................................................................................................ 1
How the BITE 2/2P Works........................................................................................................... 2
Applications for the BITE 2/2P....................................................................................................3
BITE 2/2P Measurements............................................................................................................. 4
Upon Receipt of the BITE 2/2P....................................................................................................4
Safety First...................................................................................................................................6
How to Use This Manual.............................................................................................................. 7
Typographic Conventions..................................................................................................... 7
SAFETY..........................................................................................................................................9
Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Safety Requirements .................................................................................................................... 9
Connection to Power Source....................................................................................................... 11
Fuse Replacement ...................................................................................................................... 11
Cautions and Warnings............................................................................................................... 11
CONTROLS, CONNECTORS, INDICATORS AND MENUS...................................................... 13
Overview ................................................................................................................................... 13
BITE 2 Transmitter..............................................................................................................14
BITE 2P Transmitter ...........................................................................................................16
Receiver ..............................................................................................................................18
Receiver Keys .....................................................................................................................19
Receiver Reset Switch.........................................................................................................24
STANDARD TEST PROCEDURE................................................................................................ 25
Overview ................................................................................................................................... 25
Step One: Prepare for Testing.....................................................................................................27
Step Two: Powering-on the Receiver .......................................................................................... 28
Step Three: Scanning Test Information with the Wand (Optional)................................................ 30
If You Do Not Want to Scan Information Using the Wand ..................................................30
If You Want to Scan Information Using the Wand...............................................................30
Step Four: Setting Baseline, Warning and Fail Values................................................................ 32
Step Five: Splitting the Strap (if needed)....................................................................................33
If You Do Not Want to Split the Strap.................................................................................33
If You Want to Split the Strap..............................................................................................33
Step Six: Connecting the Receiver and the BITE 2 or BITE 2P Transmitter to the Battery.......... 35
Connecting the BITE 2 or BITE 2P Transmitter...................................................................37
Step Seven: Measuring the Cell and the Strap............................................................................. 38
Measuring the Next Section of a Sectioned Battery String ...................................................42
Step Eight: What to Do When the Test Is Complete ................................................................... 43
Reviewing a Test.................................................................................................................43
Retesting Cells and Straps ...................................................................................................44
Printing an Active Test to Review the Data (BITE 2P).........................................................44
Powering Down and Disconnecting the BITE 2/2P..................................................................... 45
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MODIFIED PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL CONDITIONS.........................................................47
Overview ....................................................................................................................................47
Reversing the Current Source Leads............................................................................................ 47
Verifying the Source Current ...................................................................................................... 48
Sectioning a Battery System................................................................................................49
TRANSFERRING, PRINTING, AND DELETING TEST RESULTS ............................................55
Overview ....................................................................................................................................55
Exporting Test Results from the Receiver to a PC.......................................................................56
Printing Test Results in the BITE 2P Transmitter Printer............................................................. 58
Deleting Test Results from the Receiver...................................................................................... 59
INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS................................................................................................61
Overview ....................................................................................................................................61
Instantaneous Interpretation........................................................................................................62
Short-Term Inter pretation............................................................................................................63
Long-Term Interpretation ............................................................................................................63
Temperature Corrections.............................................................................................................64
SETTING OPTIONS...................................................................................................................... 67
Overview ....................................................................................................................................67
Turning the Receiver Backlight ON and OFF..............................................................................68
Adjusting the Receiver Screen Contrast.......................................................................................68
Selecting the Receiver Language .................................................................................................69
Setting the Receiver Clock..........................................................................................................69
Selecting the Line Frequency...................................................................................................... 71
MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING ...........................................................................73
Overview ....................................................................................................................................73
Cleaning and Inspecting the BITE 2 and BITE 2P.......................................................................74
Charging the Receiver................................................................................................................. 74
Replacing Batteries in the Receiver............................................................................................. 75
Maintaining the Receiver Charger in the BITE 2 and BITE 2P....................................................78
Maintaining Fuses in the BITE 2 and BITE 2P Transmitters .......................................................78
Verifying a Transmitter Fuse Problem.................................................................................79
Replacing Fuses in the BITE 2 Transmitter .........................................................................82
Replacing Fuses in the BITE 2P Transmitter ....................................................................... 85
Interpreting Error Messages........................................................................................................88
If the BITE 2 or BITE 2P Needs Repairs.....................................................................................88
OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT.............................................................................................................89
Available Options .......................................................................................................................89
APPENDIX A: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS......................................................................... 91
Application................................................................................................................................. 91
Electrical.....................................................................................................................................91
BITE 2 and BITE 2P Transmitters .......................................................................................91
Receiver..............................................................................................................................92
Fuses...................................................................................................................................93
Mechanical .................................................................................................................................93
Environmental.............................................................................................................................94
Accessories - Standard................................................................................................................95
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CONTENTS
APPENDIX B: REPLACEABLE PARTS...................................................................................... 97
Catalog Numbers 246002B and 246004...................................................................................... 97
Catalog Numbers 246002B and 246004...................................................................................... 98
How to Order Replaceable Parts for the BITE 2/2P.................................................................... 98
GLOSSARY..................................................................................................................................99
INDEX......................................................................................................................................... 101
Figures
Figure 1-1: BITE 2 instrument......................................................................................................... 5
Figure 1-2: BITE 2P instrument ...................................................................................................... 6
Figure 3-1: BITE 2 transmitter ...................................................................................................... 14
Figure 3-2: BITE 2P transmitter .................................................................................................... 16
Figure 3-3: Voltage Selector Card Orientation............................................................................... 17
Figure 3-4: Receiver controls, connectors, and indicators.............................................................. 18
Figure 3-5: Flowchart for Receiver menus..................................................................................... 20
Figure 3-6: Flowchart for Receiver menus..................................................................................... 21
Figure 3-7: Flowchart for Receiver menus..................................................................................... 22
Figure 3-8: Receiver menu ............................................................................................................ 23
Figure 3-9: Receiver RESET switch.............................................................................................. 24
Figure 4-1: Receiver controls, connectors and indicators............................................................... 28
Figure 4-2: Initialization screens ................................................................................................... 29
Figure 4-3: Scanning test information............................................................................................ 31
Figure 4-4: Receiver controls, connectors, and indicators.............................................................. 35
Figure 4-5: BITE 2/2P transmitter connected to the battery ........................................................... 36
Figure 4-6: Receiver and potential probe positioned on top of battery cell terminals...................... 39
Figure 4-7: Receiver and potential probe positioned on top of battery strap terminals.................... 40
Figure 5-1: Reversing the current source leads on a single string of cells when a high
or low current message is displayed. ......................................................................... 48
Figure 5-2: Sectioning a battery system greater than 275 V........................................................... 50
Figure 5-3: Sectioning a parallel string of cells.............................................................................. 52
Figure 6-1: Exporting data to a PC................................................................................................57
Figure 6-2: Printing test results...................................................................................................... 58
Figure 6-3: Deleting test results from the Receiver ........................................................................ 60
Figure 7-1: Generic curve of impedance vs. cell life...................................................................... 64
Figure 9-1: RTC battery "piggybacks" the system battery.............................................................. 77
Figure 9-2: BITE 2 transmitter secondary fuses (front view) ......................................................... 83
Figure 9-3: BITE 2P transmitter secondary fuses (front view) ....................................................... 86
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1
INTRODUCTION
About the BITE 2 and BITE 2P…
NOTE: Before attempting to use the BITE 2/2P, be sure that you
read and understand the safety requirements and operating
procedures contained in this manual.
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Thank you for selecting an Megger product. This instrument
has been thoroughly tested and inspected to meet rigid
specifications before being shipped.
It is ready for use when set up and operated as described in
this manual.
The BITE 2 and BITE 2P are testing instruments used to
evaluate the condition of stationary battery strings. They
measure the complete electrical path of the battery:
• internal ac impedance of each cell/jar in the string
• dc terminal voltage of each cell/jar
• interconnection resistance
These measurements, along with other maintenance data
such as ambient and pilot cell temperatures and ac ripple
currents, help determine the condition of a battery system.
The BITE 2/2P consists of a transmitter and a receiver that
enable an operator to test for sulfating plates, post-strap
corrosion, poor internal connections and poor intercell
connections.
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How the BITE 2/2P Works
Average impedance values for
different types of batteries are
available from Megger.
The operator connects the current source leads from the
BITE 2/2P transmitter to a battery string so that an ac test
current is capacitively coupled through the battery. It is best
to test the battery string when it is operating at full float, that
is, a constant charge level.
Then the operator uses the receiver to measure the voltage
drop across the cell terminals. When the voltage drop across
the cell is divided by the total ac current passing through the
battery, the calculated value is impedance according to Ohm's
Law. This impedance value gives the operator an indication of
the overall condition of the cell, with high impedance typically
indicating an unhealthy cell.
Several factors influence an impedance value, for instance,
the size and type of cell, ambient and electrolyte temperature,
and state of charge. Therefore, to determine the impedance of
a healthy cell, the operator should measure a large number of
similar cells under similar conditions and then calculate the
average value. Deteriorating cells are easily identified by their
higher-than-average impedance.
The BITE 2/2P also automatically measures and records the
cell voltage and the time and date of the test. This voltage
represents individual cell float voltage while measuring an
operational string of cells.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
The BITE 2/2P also measures intercell or strap connections
and stores them with the cell impedance values. The BITE
2/2P can measure and record all aspects of the electrical path
of the battery, including:
• location ID
• user ID
• test current
• total current
• internal cell impedance
• dc voltage
• intercell connector resistance
• specfic gravity
• time and date
2
Applications for the BITE 2/2P
INTRODUCTION
The BITE 2/2P measures the following battery types, ranging
to 7000 Ah:
• lead-acid flooded cells
• sealed (VRLA) cells
• nickel-cadmium cells
The BITE 2/2P tests many system types, including:
• telecommunications
• substations
• UPS systems
• electrical power substations
• railroad signals and communications
• motive power batteries
• aircraft power supplies
• marine and military applications
• many others
For information about other installations that might benefit
from impedance testing, contact Megger.
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BITE 2/2P Measurements
Impedance readings are calibrated to 5 percent of reading over
the specified temperature range. For ac impedance, the
receiver screen presents data as ranges: 1.000, 10.00, and
100.0 mΩ. The maximum measurement is 200 mΩ.
Impedance precision (reproducibility) is 0.5%, and voltage
precision is 0.5%.
Test numbers start with number one (001) and increment
after each successful cell and strap reading. The operator
initiates data acquisition by pulling a trigger on the receiver.
The measurement range for dc voltage is from 1 to 25 V dc
with an accuracy of 1 percent of reading.
Intercell (strap) and intertier connection measurements are
made directly after the internal cell impedance measurement
when STRAP is displayed on the LCD of the receiver. This
feature provides resistance measurements in the same ranges
as the cell/module impedance.
Total current is monitored with each impedance measurement
to compute both cell and strap impedance and intercell (strap)
resistance. The operator selects filtering in a menu in the
receiver as either 50 Hz or 60 Hz depending on the line
voltage.
A low current cutoff alarm is maintained at 3 A, and the
maximum current allowed is 15 A. The LCD displays
"Hi_A" to warn of an ac current over-range and "Lo_A" for
current below 3 A.
Upon Receipt of the BITE 2/2P
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
Check the equipment received against the packing list to
ensure that all materials are present. Notify Megger of any
shortage (tel: 610-676-8500).
The BITE 2 instrument is shown in Figure 1-1. The BITE 2
includes the following components and accessories:
• transmitter with built-in receiver battery charger
• receiver
4
INTRODUCTION
• current source leads
• clamp-on current sensor (CT) with a 6-ft extension
cable
• canvas carrying case for leads
• instruction manual
• null modem cable
Figure 1-1: BITE 2 instrument
The BITE 2P instrument is shown in Figure 1-2. The BITE 2P
includes the following components and accessories:
• transmitter with built-in printer and receiver battery
charger
• receiver
• current source leads
• clamp-on current sensor (CT) with a 6-ft extension
cable
• instruction manual
• null modem cable
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Figure 1-2: BITE 2P instrument
Safety First
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Be sure to read the safety information in Chapter 2
thoroughly and observe all safety precautions and
recommendations.
6
How to Use This Manual
Typographic
Conventions
INTRODUCTION
Cautions alert you to possible
damage to equipment.
G
Warnings alert you to
conditions that are potentially
hazardous to people.
F
• Figures and tables are numbered in sequence by
section.
• Numbered lists show procedural steps.
• Bullets list items and options.
• Buttons represent elements on the BITE 2/2P control
panel.
CAUTION
Never allow water to enter the case of the BITE 2/2P.
WARNING
Always power off and disconnect the BITE 2/2P before
cleaning it.
Notes provide important
information.
Margin notes offer extra
information and assistance.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
NOTE: If you do not want to test the strap, pull the trigger and go
directly to Step Six.
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2
SAFETY
Overview
The BITE 2 and BITE 2P and their recommended
operating procedures have been designed with careful
attention to safety. However, it is not possible to eliminate
all hazards from electrical test equipment or to foresee
every possible hazard that may occur. The user not only
must follow the safety precautions contained in this
manual, but also must carefully consider all safety
aspects of the operation before proceeding.
Safety Requirements
Any use of electricity inherently involves some degree of
safety hazard. While Megger has made every effort to
reduce the hazard, the operator must assume
responsibility for his or her own safety. Any work on
batteries is hazardous and requires constant attention to
safety. You should guard particularly against the
possibility of acid spills, explosion, and electrical shock.
The BITE 2/2P test instrument has been designed to the
IEC-1010-1 safety standard. Observe all industry
standard safety rules for testing batteries.
• The BITE 2/2P transmitter is designed for connection
to energized systems. Keep the BITE 2/2P
transmitter S1 power switch set to O (OFF) or turn off
the Current On/Off switch when connecting or
disconnecting to the battery. Always wear rubber
gloves during these operations.
• Always connect the source leads to the BITE 2/2P
before connecting to the battery under test.
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• Always remove the instrument test leads from the
battery under test when not in use.
• The purpose of this equipment is limited to use as
described in this manual. Do not use the equipment
or its accessories for any purpose other than
specifically described.
• To avoid electric shock hazard, operating personnel
must not remove the protective instrument covers.
Component replacement and internal adjustments
must be made by qualified service personnel only.
• Do not operate in an explosive atmosphere. Explosive
gases such as hydrogen can be present around
batteries. A properly vented battery environment is
considered safe, but it is the responsibility of the
operator to verify conditions before using the
BITE 2/2P.
• Wear protective clothing and eye protection to guard
against skin and eye damage from battery acid or in
the event of short-circuit sparking.
Replacement leads can be obtained
from Megger.
• Ensure that test leads and probes are in good
condition, clean, and free of broken or cracked
insulation.
• Observe all cautions and warnings in this manual and
on the equipment.
• This instrument is to be used only by suitably trained
personnel who are familiar with the hazards involved
in testing high voltage dc systems.
• Safety is the responsibility of the operator.
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Connection to Power Source
SAFETY
The BITE 2/2P test instruments operate from a singlephase power source. The three-wire power cord requires a
two-pole, three-terminal, live, neutral, and ground type
connector. The voltage to ground from either pole of the
power source must be 100 – 240 volts (50-60 Hz)
nominal. Do NOT exceed 264 V max.
Before connecting to the ac power source, determine that
the instrument rating matches the voltage of the power
source and has a suitable two-pole, three-terminal
grounding type connector.
The power input plug must be inserted only into a mating
receptacle with a ground contact. Do not bypass the
grounding connection. Any interruption of the grounding
connection can create an electric shock hazard. Make
sure that the receptacle is properly wired before inserting
the plug.
Depending on whether the test set is supplied with a
black, white and green input supply cord or a brown,
blue and green/yellow supply cord, the black or brown
cord lead must be connected to the live pole and the
white or blue cord lead must be connected to the neutral
pole of an approved power input plug. The green or
green/yellow ground lead of the input supply cord must
be connected to the protective ground (earth) contact of
the input plug.
Fuse Replacement
See "Maintaining Fuses in the BITE 2
and BITE 2P Transmitters" on page
78 for detailed instructions on fuse
replacement.
Refer fuse replacement to qualified personnel only. To
avoid electric shock and fire hazard, use only the fuse
specified (see Appendix B), which is identical with respect
to type, voltage rating, and current rating.
Cautions and Warnings
This manual provides cautions and warnings where
applicable, and these safety features should be strictly
observed.
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3
CONTROLS, CONNECTORS, INDICATORS AND
MENUS
Overview
This chapter explains the locations and functions of the
controls, connectors, indicators and menus for the
BITE 2/BITE 2P transmitter and receiver. The first section
covers the BITE 2 transmitter, the second covers the BITE
2P transmitter, and the third covers the receiver.
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J3 J2
F1
BITE 2 Transmitter
Current On/Off Switch
Figure 3-1 shows a front view of the BITE 2 transmitter.
Over Voltage
Current Ready
Control Panel
Digital Meter
J1
Power Switch
Receiver Charger On/Off Indicator
Receiver Charger On/Off Indicator
Figure 3-1: BITE 2 transmitter
Digital Meter—ac source current digital indicator with a
scale of 0 to 15 A.
Power Switch—The power switch is pressed to turn the
transmitter on and off. The power switch is marked with |
(for ON) and O (for OFF).
Current On/Off Switch—The current on/off switch is
pressed to start or stop the flow of the test current to the
battery.
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CONTROLS, CONNECTORS, INDICATORS AND MENUS
Receiver Charger On/Off Indicator—LED illuminates when
the receiver is plugged into the receiver and the charger is
energized. It also indicates the state-of-charge of the receiver
battery. While the battery is charging, the LED remains
constant; when the battery is fully charged, the LED blinks.
Indicator Lamps:
CURRENT READY—Illuminates after the coupling
capacitors in the transmitter are charged to the bus
voltage. A delay timer allows current flow to the
battery under test.
POWER—Illuminates whenever the Power Switch is in
the | (ON) position and the unit is powered by 120 V
(230 V) ac line voltage
OVER VOLTAGE—Indicates that the voltage across the
current source leads is greater than 275 V dc. (The
READY light will go out and the current flow to the
battery will stop when an over-voltage condition
occurs.)
Transmitter
Connector Panel
Power module—The transmitter power module comprises
the following components:
J1 receptacle—The standard power cord supplied with
the instrument is inserted into this 120 V/60 Hz (230
V/50 Hz) receptacle for ac power.
F1 Fuse carrier/voltage selector—The fuse carrier is
removed as needed to replace fuses. The arrow located on
the connector panel directly to the left of the J1 receptacle
should point to the indicator on the fuse carrier that
corresponds to the proper voltage (120 V or 230 V). See
Figure 3-3.
J2 connector—The transmitter current source leads are
connected from this connector to the battery under test.
J3 connector—The receiver battery is charged from this
connector to J3 on the receiver to charge its battery.
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Receiver Charger
Bin
J3
Switch
BITE 2P Transmitter
Figure 3-2 shows a front view of the BITE 2P transmitter.
Printer
Storage
Current Ready
Over Voltage
Control Panel
Digital
J2
F1
Power
Module
J1
Power
J4
Current On/Off Switch
Figure 3-2: BITE 2P transmitter
Digital Meter—ac source current indicator with a scale of 0
to 15 A.
Power Switch—The power switch is pressed to turn the
transmitter on and off. The power switch is marked with a |
(for ON) and an O (for OFF).
Current On/Off Switch—The current on/off switch is
pressed to start or stop the flow of the test current to the
battery.
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CONTROLS, CONNECTORS, INDICATORS AND MENUS
Indicator Lamps:
Note: Use only the 120V or
240V setting. The 100V and
230V will blow fuses.
RECEIVER CHARGER ON/OFF—Illuminates when the
receiver is plugged into J4 and the receiver charger is
energized. It also indicates the state-of-charge of the receiver
battery.
CURRENT READY—Illuminates after the coupling capacitors
in the transmitter have been charged to the bus voltage. A
delay timer allows current flow to the battery under test.
OVER VOLTAGE—Indicates that the voltage across the
current source leads is greater than 275 V dc. (When an
over-voltage condition occurs, the CURRENT READY light will
go out and the current will stop being applied to the battery.)
J1 receptacle—The standard power cord supplied with the
instrument is inserted into this 120 V (230 V) receptacle for ac
power.
F1 Fuse carrier/voltage selector—The fuse carrier is
removed as needed to replace fuses.
To change selected voltage: open fuse cover, using small blade
screwdriver or similar tool. Pull voltage selector card straight
out of housing, using indicator pin. Orient indicator pin to
point up when desired voltage is readable at bottom. Insert
voltage selector card into housing with printed side of card
facing forward toward IEC connector and edge containing the
desired voltage first. Replace cover, and verify that indicator
pin shows the desired voltage.
Figure 3-3: Voltage Selector Card Orientation
J2 connector—The transmitter current source leads are
connected from this connector to the battery under test.
J3 connector—The printer cable from the receiver is
connected to print test data.
J4 connector—The receiver battery is charged from the on
the BITE 2P transmitter when the J4 connector on the
transmitter is connected to the J3 connector on the receiver.
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POWER ON
ENTER Key
7-
Pin
4-Pin
Potential
3-Pin
TRIGGER
UP and
Receiver
The receiver is a universal device that can be used with the
entire BITE product family. Figure 3-4 shows a front view of
the receiver.
DOWN
ARROW
Keys
Connector
Connector
LCD
Switch
Probe
Connector
Figure 3-4: Receiver controls, connectors, and indicators
POWER ON switch—The POWER ON switch is pressed to
power on the receiver. However, it is important to note that
this switch does not power off the receiver. You must choose
POWER DOWN from Menu 1.
LCD—The graphics-type LCD displays menu choices and
receiver-related information. (See the following subsection,
“Receiver Keys,” for information about keys associated with
the screen.)
Potential probe—The potential probe is used in conjunction
with the receiver to take cell impedance, voltage, and strap
resistance measurements.
Trigger—The trigger is pulled to perform functions on the
receiver, including entering test information.
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CONTROLS, CONNECTORS, INDICATORS AND MENUS
7-pin connector—The 7-pin connector is used to insert one
of the following: RS-232 communication cable, bar-code wand
(optional), potential probe or printer.
Receiver Keys
4-pin connector—The 4-pin connector is used to connect the
current sensor (CT).
3-pin connector—The 3-pin connector is used to connect the
battery charger.
Buzzer—The buzzer prompts the user to input data. It also
sounds under certain error conditions.
There are three keys located on the receiver that are used to
operate the receiver and to navigate through the menus and
displays on the LCD screen:
The UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys are
used to select information displayed next to
these keys on the screen. These keys are also
used to scroll up and down through receiver
screens.
The ENTER key is used to access receiver
menus, which are shown in Figure 3-6
through Figure 3-7.
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Test Menu Structure
Megger
COPYRIGHT 2000
RELEASE 2.0
Figure 3-5: Flowchart for Receiver menus
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CONTROLS, CONNECTORS, INDICATORS AND MENUS
Main Menu Structure
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
Figure 3-6: Flowchart for Receiver menus (cont'd)
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Print Menu Structure
Figure 3-7: Flowchart for Receiver menus (cont’d)
Example of How to Use
the Receiver Keys
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
1. Suppose that the following Menu is displayed on the
screen as shown in Figure 3-6.
2. To select EXPORT DATA, press .
3. However, to move from menu to menu, press .
22
CONTROLS, CONNECTORS, INDICATORS AND MENUS
Y TEST COMPLETE
N (Y/N)? MENU
Figure 3-8: Receiver menu
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Receiver Reset
Switch
The RESET switch (see Figure 3-9), located on the receiver
back panel, is only for Megger authorized calibration and
repair. Activating the RESET switch de-energizes the
receiver. Never use the RESET switch. It will result in
permanent loss of data and loss of calibration.
RESET Switch
Figure 3-9: Receiver RESET switch
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4
STANDARD TEST PROCEDURE
Overview
The testing procedure explained in this chapter represents a
generic application of the BITE 2/2P. Actual test scenarios
may differ with each application. Contact Megger if you need
additional information about a specific test procedure.
The BITE 2/2P is used to test battery strings while the dc
Using the BITE 2/2P to test a battery string involves the
NOTE: Before performing tests on any battery system, read,
understand, and observe all safety precautions as outlined in
Chapter 2 “Safety”, which starts on page 9 of this manual.
system is at float potential. It can store up to 2040 cell/jar
records in up to 300 tests. The transmitter can provide test
current for battery strings of up to 275 V dc.
NOTE: If the battery under test is greater than 275 V dc, the
string must be tested in sections. Refer to "Sectioning a
Battery System" on page 49 for information on sectioning a
battery.
following steps:
1. Perform pretest activities such as recording information
about the test site, visually inspecting the condition of the
battery, and recording the temperature.
2. Power on the receiver and follow menus.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
3. Scan test information with the bar-code wand (optional).
4. Split the strap (if needed).
25
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5. Connect the BITE current source leads to the battery and
then power on the transmitter.
F
6. Measure the cell impedance, voltage, and strap resistance.
7. Perform post-test activities such as transferring data,
reviewing and deleting data, and powering down and
disconnecting the transmitter.
The detailed procedures needed to perform these steps are
explained in the following subsections.
WARNING
Before attempting to use the BITE2 or 2P to perform a
test, be sure that you first read and understand the safety
requirements and operating procedures contained in this
manual. When using the BITE 2/2P, strictly observe all
safety precautions.
Operating Note
Do not perform a test while the battery is under a heavy
charge or discharge. If the battery under test has been
recently subjected to boost charging, a waiting period of 72
hours is recommended before performing an ac impedance
test or any other test. If the ac mains are out and the battery
is discharging to support the load, then unreliable impedance
measurements may be obtained. Relative impedance values
are affected by charge and discharge status, cell age, and
ambient temperature.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
26
Step One: Prepare for Testing
STANDARD TEST PROCEDURE
Record information about the test site, visually inspect the
condition of the battery, and record the ambient temperature.
1. Record the installation date and the location and type of
cells being tested. You can record the information at the
battery test site on a data sheet or on the top of the paper
fed from the built-in printer or scanned into memory.
If the battery is to be measured while on standby, ensure
that the charger associated with the battery is supplying
normal float current and that the battery is not in a
discharged condition.
The best reproducible test information occurs when the
battery is operating at recommended float voltage. See
Operating Note on page 26.
2. Perform a visual check of all cells and connections.
For flooded cells, use a flashlight and mirror (if necessary)
and check for plate corrosion and other internal defects.
Record and correct all problems encountered before testing
impedance.
NOTE: For valve-regulated
(sealed) cells, measure the
temperature of the negative
post of the cell.
For VRLA cells, visually inspect for leaking or weeping
posts, bulging cells, terminal corrosion and general
installation condition. Record and correct all problems
encountered before testing impedance.
For NiCd cells, visually inspect each cell and intercell
connector for general condition. Check electrolyte levels.
Record and correct all problems encountered before testing
impedance.
Changes in cell temperature or ambient (room) temperature may
affect cell impedance.
3. Record the cell temperature.
4. Record the ambient temperature.
After you have successfully performed these pretest activities,
you are ready to power on the receiver. The following
subsection contains the appropriate procedures.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
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Step Two: Powering-on the Receiver
After you successfully perform the pretest activities described
Step One, you are ready to power on the receiver.
UP and
DOWN
ARROW
Keys
3-Pin
Connector
7-Pin
Connector
LCD
4-Pin
Connector
POWER ON
Switch
ENTER Key
TRIGGER
Potential
Probe
Figure 4-1: Receiver controls, connectors and indicators
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
1. Make sure the receiver charger is disconnected from the
receiver.
NOTE: Do not use the receiver to perform tests while the
charger is connected to the receiver.
2. Connect the potential probe cable assembly to the 7-pin
connector on the receiver.
3. Press the POWER ON switch on the receiver.
The receiver powers on and displays several initialization
screens.
28
STANDARD TEST PROCEDURE
POWER ON
Check for connected cables
RS232 None Wand
Megger
COPYRIGHT 2000
RELEASE 2.0
Figure 4-2: Initialization screens
NOTE: If the receiver is not sufficiently charged, a low battery
message is displayed to alert you. You can work for a short time
on a low battery; however, you should charge the receiver as soon
as possible to ensure that your work is not disrupted because of
low battery power.
NOTE: If the available memory in the receiver is low (that is, if
there is not much space left to store test information), a message
is displayed to alert you. In this case, prior to testing you may
want to export previous test results to a PC and then delete all or
some of those test results from the receiver. Doing so will make
more memory available for the test you are about to perform.
After initializing, the receiver displays a screen that prompts
you to decide whether you want to scan bar-coded
information related to the test. The following subsection
contains the appropriate procedures.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
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Step Three: Scanning Test Information with the Wand (Optional)
Refer to page 89 for additional
information about bar coding.
If you connect the wand before
powering on the receiver, the
receiver automatically prompts
you to scan the location ID.
If You Do Not Want
to Scan Information
Using the Wand
After initialization, the screen on the receiver prompts you to
decide whether you want to scan the test location ID, ambient
temperature, and pilot cell temperature using preprinted bar
codes provided by Megger.
Y WAND (Y/N)?
N MENU
If you choose to use the wand, the scanned information is
stored in the receiver along with the results of the test. It is
important to note that the wand is optional and, although it
provides a quick and convenient way of recording information,
it is not needed to perform a test.
If you do not have a wand or you do not want to scan
information about this test, press on the receiver. The
key corresponds to the N (for NO) and instructs the receiver
to bypass the scanning procedures.
If You Want to Scan
Information Using
the Wand
The UP ARROW key
corresponds to the Y (for yes).
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
The receiver then prompts you to decide whether you want to
split the strap. Proceed to Step Five: Splitting the Strap on
page 33.
If you have a wand and you want to scan information about
this test:
1. Press on the receiver.
The receiver prompts you to connect the wand.
CONNECT WAND!
30
STANDARD TEST PROCEDURE
2. Using the wand adapter cable, insert the wand into the
7-pin connector on the receiver. (See Figure 4-1 on
page 28 for the location of the 7-pin connector.)
If these indications do not
occur, the receiver has not
saved the information.
The receiver prompts you to begin scanning the test
information. For information on creating bar-code labels,
refer to the documentation provided with the wand.
Figure 4-3: Scanning test information
3. Scan the location ID. Then scan Enter. The receiver
buzzer should sound and the wand LED should light each
time you scan information with the wand.
4. Scan the ambient temperature. Then scan Enter.
5. Scan the pilot cell temperature. Then scan Enter.
You are finished scanning information. The receiver prompts
you to disconnect the wand.
DISCONNECT WAND:
........WAITING........
6. Disconnect the wand from the 7-pin connector on the
receiver.
The receiver now prompts you to set baseline, warn and fail
values for the test.
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Step Four: Setting Baseline, Warning and Fail Values
The BITE 2/2P now lets you set baseline, warning and fail
impedance values when conducting a test. Then, after
displaying the cell or strap measurements, the BITE 2/2P
receiver screen will indicate PASS, FAIL or WARN and will
display the measured value as a percentage of the baseline
value.
After you finish wanding information, the receiver will display
the following menu:
Y ENTER BASELINE?
N (Y/N) MENU
If you do not want to set baseline, warn and fail values, press
(for NO). The receiver screen will ask whether you want to
split the strap. Go to "Step Five: Splitting the Strap below.
If you want to enter baseline, warn and fail values, press
(for YES).
BASE WARN FAIL
XX.XX XX% XX%
Use the to scroll through the digits until the desired
1.
digit is displayed.
2.
Press
.
3. Repeat for each digit and the decimal point until the
desired baseline, warn and fail values are displayed.
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Step Five: Splitting the Strap (if needed)
STANDARD TEST PROCEDURE
If You Do Not Want
to Split the Strap
After the Wand Menu and Enter Baseline menu, the receiver
displays a screen that asks whether you want to split the
strap.
You need to split the strap if the strap you want to measure
consists of more cables or intercell connectors than the
diameter of the clamp-on current sensor (CT) can handle.
Y SPLIT STRAP
N (Y/N)? MENU
NOTE: Splitting a strap may not split the current equally. Verify
that the current is split fairly evenly between the straps. If the
current split is not even, then try to find another location where
the current is more evenly split.
If You Want to Split
the Strap
If you do not want to split the strap, simply press (for NO)
on the receiver, which instructs the receiver not to split the
strap.
You are prompted to connect the CT to the strap. Proceed to
“Step Six: Connecting the Receiver and the BITE 2 or BITE 2P
Transmitter to the Battery” on page 35.
If you want to split the strap:
1. Press on the receiver to enter Y (for YES).
The receiver prompts you to enter a multiplier, which is a
numeric value that the receiver uses to determine the
measurement of the entire strap.
UP MULTIPLIER
DN >1_< ACCEPT
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For example, suppose that the strap you want to measure
consists of four cables, but you can get the standard CT
around only two of them. You would need to enter a multiplier
of 2.
The receiver would then multiply the reading you take by two
so that the proper test results are computed for all four
cables.
Pressing increases the
multiplier. Pressing
decreases the multiplier.
Saving the settings saves the
baseline, warn and fail values
and the multiplier.
2. Press or to specify the correct multiplier.
3. When the multiplier you want to use is displayed, press
to accept the multiplier value.
The receiver screen asks if you want to save settings
Y SAVE SETTING?
N (Y/N) MENU
Press (for YES) or for (NO). Proceed to Step Six.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
34
STANDARD TEST PROCEDURE
Step Six: Connecting the Receiver and the BITE 2 or BITE 2P
Transmitter to the Battery
WARNING!
To avoid electric shock, always wear rubber gloves when
F
making connection to battery systems. Voltages to
ground in excess of 270 V dc are possible.
UP and
DOWN
ARROW
Keys
3-Pin
Connector
LCD
1. The receiver screen prompts you to connect the CT.
CONNECT CT! XX.X
RIPPLE CURRENT
2. Connect the plug of the CT to the 4-pin connector on the
receiver. Figure 4-4 shows the location of the 4-pin
connector.
POWER ON
Switch
ENTER Key
TRIGGER
7-Pin
Connector
Figure 4-4: Receiver controls, connectors, and indicators
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
4-Pin
Connector
Potential
Probe
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If you are splitting the strap,
keep in mind the multiplier you
specified. When the CT is
connected, the receiver displays
a measurement of the system
ripple current.
3. Position the clamp-on end of the CT around a convenient
intertier or intercell connection on the battery so that the
current you are going to measure will be within the loop
created by the current source leads from the
transmitter and the battery string.
NOTE: Loads, parallel strings, and charging equipment can
create parallel paths for the measurement current. Therefore,
place the standard 2 in. CT at a location that verifies the source
measurement current for the cells under test. Do not place the CT
around the current source lead. This may not represent the
current flowing through the battery string.
4. Pull the receiver trigger to advance the receiver and store
the ripple-current reading.
5. Next, the receiver screen prompts you to begin connecting
the BITE 2/2P transmitter to the battery.
CONNECT & POWER
TRANSMITTER: XX.X
Source leads from
transmitter connected
to terminal plate
Red
Source leads from
transmitter connected
to terminal plate
To ac power
Black
Figure 4-5: BITE 2/2P transmitter connected to the battery
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
36
STANDARD TEST PROCEDURE
Connecting the
BITE 2 or BITE 2P
Transmitter
1. Make sure that the transmitter power switch is in the O
(OFF) position.
See Figure 3-1 for the position
of the J2 connector.
Be sure to make the
connections to the battery
terminal plate and not to
intercell connection hardware.
G
2. Insert the plug of the current source leads into the
transmitter connector marked J2. Then rotate the plug
collar clockwise to tighten it.
3. Connect the current source leads to the end positive and
negative terminal plates of the battery.
CAUTION
You can use the BITE 2 transmitter to provide test current for
measurements on each cell/module for a battery string of up
to 275 V dc. If the battery under test exceeds this limit, section
the battery into portions that are less than 275 V dc. For
information on sectioning a battery, refer to "Sectioning a
Battery System" on page 49.
.
BITE 2: The transmitter
CURRENT READY lamp
illuminates when the unit is
operating and applying current.
BITE 2P: The transmitter
Power LED illuminates when
the unit is on.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
4. Insert the power cord into the J1 power receptacle on the
transmitter. Then plug the power cord into a 120 V
(230 V) outlet, as appropriate.
5. Power on the transmitter by pressing the power switch to
the | (ON) position.
6. Press the current On/Off switch to energize the current
source. There is a delay while the coupling capacitors are
charged to the bus voltage. Then the CURRENT READY
lamp lights.
7. Observe the current reading displayed on the receiver
screen.
8. Pull the receiver trigger to advance the receiver and
store the source current reading.
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The receiver displays the first test screen, which prompts you
to measure the first cell. Proceed to “Step Seven: Measuring
the Cell and the Strap.”
Operating Note
If there are less than 3 A flowing within the string of cells
selected, the receiver displays a message indicating low
current (Lo_A). This ensures proper current magnitude for
accurate measurement since the total current includes both
current from the BITE 2/2P and any ac ripple current
produced by the battery charger. If significant ripple current
is present and out of phase with the applied source current, a
low current condition may occur. If this happens, first turn off
the BITE 2/2P transmitter, then reverse the polarity of the
current source leads to bring the two currents in phase. For
the majority of applications, this will not present any
difficulty. (Refer to Chapter 5 for more information.)
Step Seven: Measuring the Cell and the Strap
CAUTION
G
Do not exceed 25 V dc, the maximum voltage allowed
between the receiver and the potential probe.
The twisting action of the probe
tips as the handle is pushed
down cleans the point of
contact and provides a better
test connection. See Figure 4-6.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
After the transmitter is connected to the battery and is
powered on, the receiver displays the first test screen.
CELL VOLTS mΩ
001 XX.XX XX.XX
T01
The digits displayed in the upper left corner of the screen
(001) indicate that you are ready to test the first cell. The
digits in the lower left corner indicate the number of the active
test (for example, T01 for test one, T02 for test two, and so
on).
To begin testing the first cell in the string:
1. Position the receiver on the positive terminal and the
potential probe on the negative terminal of the cell/jar,
and then press down.
38
STANDARD TEST PROCEDURE
NOTE: The reason the receiver should be positioned on the
positive terminal is to obtain a positive float voltage of the cell.
Then a cell that has gone into “cell reversal” becomes very
evident when it displays a negative float voltage.
Current Source Lead
Current Source Lead
from Transmitter
connected to negative
terminal plate
Black
from Transmitter
connected to positive
terminal plate
Red
Figure 4-6: Receiver and potential probe positioned
on top of battery cell terminals
The measurements are stored
in the receiver.
2. View the cell terminal voltage and ac impedance values
that are displayed on the receiver screen.
A sample screen is shown below.
CELL VOLTS mΩ
001 13.43 23.33
T01
3. When the voltage and impedance values displayed on the
screen stabilize, pull the trigger on the receiver to store
the reading.
If you have entered baseline, warn and fail values, the
screen will display either PASS, WARN or FAIL and a
percentage of baseline.
001
T01 PASS XX%
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
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terminal negative
If you do not want to test the
strap, pull the trigger and go
directly to Step Eight.
Current Source
Lead from
Transmitter
connected to
plate
The receiver LCD now displays the word STRAP, which
prompts you to test the strap that is associated with the
cell you just tested.
CELL VOLTS mΩ
001 13.43 23.33
T01 STRAP 0.112
4. Position the receiver and potential probe on top of the
battery strap terminals, and then press the probes down.
See the sample placement shown in Figure 4-7.
Current Source
Lead from
Transmitter
connected to
terminal positive
plate
Black
Red
Figure 4-7: Receiver and potential probe positioned
on top of battery strap terminals
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
40
STANDARD TEST PROCEDURE
If you are testing a sectioned
battery string and want to test
the next section, refer to the
following subsection,
“Measuring the Next Section of
a Sectioned Battery String,” for
the appropriate procedures.
5. When the strap value displayed on the screen stabilizes,
pull the trigger on the receiver to store the reading.
The measurements are stored in the receiver.
The receiver now displays the digits 002 in the top left corner
of the test screen. This means that you are ready to test
cell #2.
6. Continue to measure the other cells and straps in the
string.
7. After the last cell, the receiver expects a strap result.
Short the receiver and potential probe together and pull
the trigger. This saves the last cell’s data or else it will be
lost.
8. When you are finished measuring all the cells and straps,
press on the receiver to complete the test.
The receiver prompts you to confirm that the test is complete.
Y TEST COMPLETE
N (Y/N)? MENU
Review the test information that
is stored in the receiver. You
can scroll through the results
and, if needed, retest individual
cells and straps. Refer to
"Reviewing a Test” on page
43.
9. Press on the receiver to enter Y (for YES).
The receiver prompts you again to confirm that the test is
complete.
Y ARE YOU SURE
N (Y/N)? MENU
10. Press on the receiver to enter Y (for YES).
The receiver displays a screen to indicate that the test is
complete.
DONE!
For instructions on what to do following the test, see "Step
Eight: What to Do When the Test Is Complete” on page 43.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
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Measuring the Next
Section of a
Sectioned Battery
String
F
If you have finished testing the first section of a sectioned
battery string and want to measure the next section:
1. Press the Current ON/OFF switch on the BITE 2/2P
transmitter.
This blocks the current from being applied to the battery
while the transmitter powers down.
2. Connect the current source leads to the next battery
section.
NOTE: If you are interrupted and need to leave the site
unexpectedly, simply shut down the receiver and transmitter.
The receiver will “remember” where you left off when you
return to finish the test.
WARNING
Do not remove the BITE 2/2P transmitter current source
leads from the battery until the BITE 2/2P transmitter is
powered off. Always disconnect the current source leads
from the battery before removing them from the J2
connector on the transmitter. Do not leave the BITE 2/2P
connected to the battery when not in use.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
3. Press the Current On/Off switch on the BITE 2/2P
transmitter.
After the CURRENT READY light illuminates, the current is
applied to the battery and you can continue testing.
Test the section. Repeat the procedure as needed, depending
on the number of sections in the battery string.
42
STANDARD TEST PROCEDURE
Step Eight: What to Do When the Test Is Complete
Reviewing a Test
You can perform the following operations after a test is
complete:
1. Export test results to a PC. You can then use the PC to
view or print the test results. (Refer to Chapter 6.)
2. Print test results on the BITE 2P transmitter printer.
3. Delete the test information from the receiver.
4. Start a new test. (Return to "Step One: Prepare for
Testing" page 27.)
5. Power down and disconnect the transmitter. You will
need to do this if you are finished using the BITE 2/2P
for this testing session. (See "Powering Down and
Disconnecting the BITE 2/2P" on page 45).
At any time while you are performing a test, you can review
the results of the active test that are already stored in the
receiver.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
1. To review the current test, press on the receiver to
scroll back through the active test screens.
2. Press to scroll forward through the active test screens.
You may print the active test results on the BITE 2P
transmitter printer for review. Please note that there are no
statistics or bar graphs printed for the active test. See
"Printing an Active Test to Review the Data (BITE 2P)" on
page 44.
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Retesting Cells and
Straps
You cannot review a test after it
has been completed. (Refer to
"Step Seven: Measuring the Cell
and the Strap," #'s 6,7, and 8,
for a description of completing a
test.)
If needed, you can retest any of the cells or straps in the
current test.
1. Navigate through the test screens until information about
the cell or strap you want to retest is displayed.
2. Pull the trigger.
The receiver enters into test mode.
001 XX.XX XX.XX
T01
3. Position the receiver and potential probe on top of the
battery cell terminals, and then press down.
4. When the voltage and impedance values displayed on the
LCD stabilize, pull the trigger to store the readings.
See the sample placement
shown in Figure 4-7 on page 40.
Printing an Active
Test to Review the
Data (BITE 2P)
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
5. When the strap values displayed on the screen stabilize,
pull the trigger to store the reading.
NOTE: Both measurements must be taken.
6. To return to testing, scroll forward to the next cell.
7. To retest another cell/strap, repeat steps 1-5.
To print the test data of the string for which you are taking
measurements, disconnect the potential probe and connect
the printer cable to J3. The LCD will display the following
screen.
44
STANDARD TEST PROCEDURE
(EXPORT DATA)
Y TRANSMIT DATA
N (Y/N?) MENU
1. Press for TRANSMIT. The screen will display the
following screen.
EBITE/PC
PRINTER MENU
2. Press for PRINTER then SELECT. You will be
prompted to enter the test number. During printing the
following screen will appear:
ALLTESTS
SELECT
3. Press until the active test number is displayed. In this
example, six is the active test.
TEST 001 OF 006
O = CANCEL ACCEPT
4. Reconnect the potential probe to resume testing. The
measurement screen is displayed again.
Powering Down and Disconnecting the BITE 2/2P
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
Before you power down and disconnect the BITE 2/2P
transmitter, first power down and disconnect the receiver.
Then power down and disconnect the transmitter. Carefully
follow these steps:
1. To power down the receiver, press the
receiver until the LCD displays the following:
POWER DOWN
EXPORT DATA MENU
45
key on the
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2. Press on the receiver to choose POWER DOWN.
The receiver prompts you to confirm your decision.
Y ARE YOU SURE?
N (Y/N)? MENU
3. Press on the receiver to enter Y (YES). The receiver
powers down.
4. Disconnect the CT from the battery and the receiver.
You can now power down the transmitter.
5. To power down the BITE 2/2P transmitter, press the
Current ON/OFF switch to disconnect the current
source. Then press the transmitter power switch to the
O (OFF) position.
WARNING
F
Remember to recharge the
receiver battery. Refer to
"Charging the Receiver" on page
74 for detailed procedures.
G
Do not remove the BITE 2/2P transmitter current source
leads from the battery until the BITE 2/2P transmitter is
powered down. Always disconnect the current source
leads from the battery before removing them from the J2
connector on the transmitter.
6. Remove the current source leads from the battery.
7. Remove the current source leads from the J2 connector
on the transmitter.
8. Unplug the power cable and then disconnect it from the
J1 receptacle on the transmitter.
CAUTION
Do not leave the BITE 2/2P connected to the battery when
not in use.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
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5
MODIFIED PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL
CONDITIONS
Overview
This chapter explains how to perform alternative test
procedures, including reversing the current source leads
and sectioning battery systems to correct high or low current
situations.
This chapter also describes optional equipment that can be
used with the BITE 2 and BITE 2P test instruments.
Reversing the Current Source Leads
If the transmitter displays a high or low current message,
you need to modify the test procedure. See the following
subsections for alternative test procedures.
Figure 5-1 shows a battery system with a single string of
cells. If a high or low current message is displayed on the
receiver after you connect the current source leads to a
similar battery configuration, try reversing the polarity of the
current source leads. Doing so shifts the test current by 180
degrees and offsets the effect of the system ripple current in
the receiver. This helps ensure sufficient test current in the
section of the battery string to enable computation of cell
impedance or strap resistance.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
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From transmitter
(current source
leads)
J2
Figure 5-1: Reversing the current source leads on a single string of cells
when a high or low current message is displayed.
Verifying the Source Current
This temporarily “disconnects”
the transmitter and blocks the
current from going to the
battery.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
A low current indication on the transmitter’s analog or
digital meter can be caused by high resistance in the cell
string. To verify whether the magnitude of the source current
is within the required limits (3-15 A):
1. Press the Current switch on the BITE 2/2P transmitter
to the ( (OFF) position.
2. Disconnect the current source leads from the battery.
3. Connect the current source lead clips together and
restart current flow by pressing the BITE 2/2P
transmitter Current On/Off switch to the (ON) position.
48
MODIFIED PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL CONDITIONS
WARNING
Do not remove the BITE 2/2P transmitter current source
leads from the battery until the transmitter is powered
F
off. Always disconnect the current source leads from the
battery before removing them from the J2 connector on
the transmitter. Do not leave the BITE 2/2P connected to
the battery when not in use.
The wire for the current source
lead set extends from only one
side of each pair of jaws.
Sectioning a Battery
System
Sectioning a Battery
System Greater than
275 Volts
If the LCD displays "Lo_A", refer to page 88 under
"Maintenance and Troubleshooting."
Section the battery system by connecting the current source
leads across individual sections of the string to isolate highresistance or open cells and straps. (See "Sectioning a
Battery System” below for the correct procedures.)
To test certain battery systems with the BITE 2/2P, you must
measure individual sections, one at a time. Examples are
included in the following subsections.
The nonpolarized coupling capacitor in the BITE 2/2P
current source is limited to 275 V. This restricts the current
source applied across battery systems of 275 V dc and
higher.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
If the battery system to be tested is greater than 275 V, you
must test the system in sections that are 275 V or less. It is
recommended that you section the battery in equally-sized
sections.
Figure 5-2 shows a 600 V dc UPS system in which the source
current leads are connected across a 200 V section of the
battery string.
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J2
Not to
exceed
250 V dc
From transmitter
(current source
leads)
B
A
Figure 5-2: Sectioning a battery system greater than 275 V
The potential between the current source leads (red at A
and black B) in Figure 5-1 cannot exceed 275 V. To section
the string:
1. Place the current source leads (at points A and B) in the
string so that the potential does not exceed 275 V.
2. Test the cells located between connections A and B.
3. When you are finished testing the cells, press the Current
switch on the transmitter to the O (OFF) position.
NOTE: If you have to move the transmitter to test the next
section, you may need to power down and disconnect the
transmitter. (See "Powering Down and Disconnecting the BITE
2/2P" on page 45.)
4. Remove the current source leads from the battery. Then
move them to the next section to be tested (not to exceed
275 V).
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MODIFIED PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL CONDITIONS
WARNING
Do not remove the BITE 2/2P transmitter current source
leads from the battery until the BITE 2/2P transmitter
F
current is de-energized. Always disconnect the current
source leads from the battery before removing them
from the J2 connector on the transmitter. Do not leave
the BITE 2/2P connected to the battery when not in use.
Sectioning a Battery
System with Parallel
Strings
5. Press the Current On/Off switch.
The current is applied to the battery and you can
continue testing.
6. Test the section.
Repeat the procedure, as needed, depending on the
number of sections in the battery string.
Figure 5-3 shows how to start sectioning a battery system
with parallel strings of cells. To test this string, you must
section the system to supply the proper level of test current
needed to stimulate the cell impedance or strap resistance
measurements.
You may see other ripple current influences as noted in the
single string of cells (see Figure 5-1) and you may have to
interchange the polarity of the current source lead clips.
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AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
WARNING
Do not remove the current source leads from the battery
until the transmitter is turned off. Always remove the
leads at the battery connection before removing them
from the J2 connection on the transmitter.
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From transmitter
(current source leads)
125 V dc
40 V dc
section
(example)
J2
Figure 5-3: Sectioning a parallel string of cells
Sectioning HighVoltage UPS Batteries
Some UPS systems with voltages up to 600 V dc are designed
with parallel strings of cells. To test one of these systems,
positions the current source leads accordingly to satisfy
both the test current and the voltage limit of the BITE 2/2P.
Refer to the procedure explained in the preceding subsection,
"Sectioning a Battery System Greater than 275 Volts" In
addition consider the string impedance with reference to the
remaining parallel string influences. Ensure that the majority
of the current flows through the cells under test and not
through parallel influences. (See Figure 5-2)
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MODIFIED PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL CONDITIONS
Sectioning Noisy UPS
Systems
The BITE 2/2P source current may be affected by the noise
generated by the switching power supply or the inverter. In
this situation, test only a few cells at a time. See Figure 5-2
and refer to the procedure explained earlier in the
subsection, “Sectioning a Battery System Greater than 275
Volts."
An alternative, although not normally recommended, is to not
apply a test signal from the transmitter, but to use the noise
in the system to induce the signal that is measured.
Impedance will be calculated based on the current signal as
an artifact of the noisy charger/rectifier. The receiver will
not take measurements if the total current is less than 3 A or
more than 15 A to maintain data reliability.
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6
TRANSFERRING, PRINTING, AND DELETING TEST
RESULTS
Overview
This chapter explains how to:
• Transfer test results from the receiver to a personal
computer (PC)
• Print test results from the receiver to the BITE 2P
transmitter
• Delete test results from the receiver
When a test is completed using the BITE 2/2P, the results are
automatically stored in the receiver.
If needed the test results can be exported to a personal
computer (PC) where it can then be viewed or printed.
If the PC has the appropriate software, the test information
can be imported into standard spreadsheet programs for
further analysis.
Test results can also be printed from the receiver to the
BITE 2P transmitter printer.
Test results that are no longer needed may also be deleted
from the receiver.
The following subsections contain the appropriate procedures.
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Exporting Test Results from the Receiver to a PC
NOTE: The device receiving the
data must be ready before
transmitting the data.
If you insert the RS-232
communication cable into the
receiver before powering on
the receiver, the Transmit
Data Menu is automatically
displayed in place of Menu 1.
Y Transmit Data
N (Y/N) Menu
The results of a test can be exported from the receiver directly
to the PC.
1. Run the software on the PC that you are using to import
the data.
If needed, refer to the instruction manual that came
with the software. Megger has shipped with the BITE
2/2P a software program called AVO®Link. Please refer
to the Addendum to this manual for detailed
instructions on AVO®Link.
2. Press the receiver Power On switch to energize the
receiver.
3. Press on the receiver to access Menu 1.
POWER DOWN
EXPORT DATA MENU
Press on the Receiver to
select Y and skip steps 4 and
5 below.
Y TRANSMIT DATA
N (Y/N) MENU
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TRANSFERRING, PRINTING, AND DELETING TEST RESULTS
Figure 6-1: Exporting data to a PC
If the RS-232 communication
cable is not connected, the
receiver displays a message
instructing you to connect it.
4. Connect the plug of the RS-232 communication
cable/printer (Cat. No. 35340) to the 7-pin connector
on the receiver. Then insert the pin end of the
communication cable into the com port on the PC.
5. Press on the receiver to select EXPORT DATA.
The receiver prompts you to select EBITE/PC or
printer.
EBITE/PC
PRINTER MENU
6. Press on the receiver to select PC.
A screen on the receiver tells you to wait as the test results
are transferred.
When the transfer is complete, the receiver prompts you to
choose POWER DOWN or EXPORT DATA.
POWER DOWN
EXPORT DATA MENU
7. Disconnect the RS-232 communication cable from both
the receiver and the PC.
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8. Turn off the power to the transmitter and receiver.
(See "Powering Down and Disconnecting the BITE 2/2P"
on page 45.
Printing Test Results in the BITE 2P Transmitter Printer
To print test results on the built-in printer of the BITE 2P
transmitter, connect the printer cable to the 7-pin connector on the
receiver and to J3 on the BITE 2P transmitter. Follow the menus
on the receiver to select the tests you wish to print.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
Figure 6-2: Printing test results
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TRANSFERRING, PRINTING, AND DELETING TEST RESULTS
Deleting Test Results from the Receiver
When the results of a test are no longer needed, they can be
deleted from the receiver by choosing DELETE DATA from
receiver Menu 2.
1. Press on the receiver to access receiver Menu 2.
RESUME TEST
DELETE DATA MENU
2. Press on the receiver to choose DELETE DATA.
You are prompted to select a test or all tests.
The receiver asks if you are sure you want to delete the data:
Y ARE YOU SURE?
N (Y/N) MENU
3. Press on the receiver to enter Y (for YES).
The test results are deleted and you are returned to Menu 1.
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Figure 6-3: Deleting test results from the Receiver
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7
INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS
Overview
This chapter discusses various factors to consider when
interpreting results of tests obtained with the BITE 2/BITE 2P.
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Megger maintains a database of impedance values. Megger
will provide approximate baseline values if specific information
is received from the user. The list of required information
needed from the user is found on our website,
www.megger.com.
Impedance measurements with the BITE 2/2P should be made
part of a battery maintenance program with readings taken
and recorded semiannually for flooded lead-acid and nickelcadmium cells and quarterly for VRLA.
Increases in impedance are caused by numerous factors.
Some of the failure modes that can be detected by impedance
are:
• plate sulphation
• dry-out
• soft shorts (dendritic shorts)
• hard shorts (due to sediment build-up or paste lumps)
• intercell and intertier connections (due to loose
hardware or corrosion)
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
• internal corrosion
However, there are other factors that can change the
impedance value of a cell. Impedance shifts can be caused by:
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• temperature
• state of charge
• load conditions
These conditions should be monitored and recorded before
making measurements. A large difference in the impedance of
an individual or group of cells indicates a potential problem
and warrants additional investigation.
Instantaneous Interpretation
The BITE 2/2P receiver has the ability to calculate
impedance variations based on a preset baseline or
benchmark value. On start-up (or after wanding) the
following screen will appear:
To enter a baseline or benchmark value, press
the following screen:
Y ENTER BASELINE?
N (Y/N) MENU
to display
BASE WARN FAIL
XX.XX XX% XX%
Enter the value by using to enter 0-9 or decimal point.
Use to move to the next place.
To set the “Warning” level, enter a percent change using the
same technique. The default warning value is 20% variation.
The screen will display:
BASE WARN FAIL
20.25 25% XX%
Continue to the “Fail” level and follow the same steps. The
default fail value is 40% variation.
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INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS
BASE WARN FAIL
20.25 25% 40%
After each cell/strap measurement, the receiver displays the
percent variation and the cell status. Also, the receiver will
remember the last values entered since they were saved when they
were entered.
Short-Term Interpretation
Impedance readings for individual cells can be used in the
short term to compare each cell with the average impedance
reading for the entire battery. Cells with the deviations listed
below require further investigation:
Additional investigation of cells exhibiting the above
• Flooded lead-acid cells of more than 15% deviation
from the string average
• Valve-regulated, lead-acid cell of more than 35%
deviation from the string average
• Nickel-cadmium cells of more than 50% deviation from
the string average and may be exhibiting “memory.”
The deviations are shown in the bar graph accompanying the
printout of a closed test.
deviations is recommended (cell temperature and specific
gravity, if appropriate) and perhaps a load cycle test. Megger
recommends that you perform a complete analysis before
replacing cells due solely to high or increasing impedance
values.
Long-Term Interpretation
Impedance readings for the entire battery can be used in the
long term to determine the need for replacement. Battery cell
impedance values should be recorded and compared to
previous readings to determine the position of the cell on the
curve of impedance versus cell life. Generally speaking, cells
with the following variations require immediate attention:
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 20 40 60 80
% Impedance Change from Baseline
WEAK
• Flooded lead-acid cells having variations (from
baseline) greater than 20%
• Valve-regulated, lead-acid cell having variations greater
than 50%
• Nickel-cadmium cells having variations greater than
100%.
The initial decrease in
impedance is due to the
completion of the formation
process, i.e., the conversion to
active plate material.
A sample curve for a generic valve-regulated, lead-acid cell
is shown in Figure 7-1. Curves may differ for other
manufacturers and battery chemistries, such as nickelcadmium.
-10
-20
-30
Figure 7-1: Generic curve of impedance vs. cell life
Impedance vs. Expected Battery Life
VRLA Cells
% of Expected Battery Life
ABNORMAL
NORMAL
100
120
Temperature Corrections
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
The internal impedance of a cell is inversely influenced by
temperature. In addition, the degree of influence depends on
battery type and length of exposure to the present ambient
temperature.
Flooded battery types have a significantly more thermal mass
and are slower to react to changing ambient temperatures
than VRLA cells. The actual internal cell temperature can be
measured by inserting a thermometer into the flooded cell via
a fill tube or vent cap to determine the temperature present
during impedance testing. Measure the temperature of VRLA
cells at the negative terminal.
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INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS
NOTE: Please note the placements of HVAC systems as they can
have a significant effect on the temperatures of the cells in the
battery. For example, cell on the top tier of a three-tier rack may
have higher temperatures than the cells on the bottom tier.
NOTE: Middle cells in three-cell or four-cell trays of Valve-
regulated, lead-acid batteries may have a higher temperature due
to the inability to remove heat as well as the outside cells.
A suggested correction factor for impedance values of flooded
lead-acid cells is shown below:
Zb @ 77 ° F = 0.088 (Zm)
Contact Megger at
610-676-8500.
(T + 30)
-0.520
Zb = corrected battery impedance to 77 ° F
Zm = measured impedance value
T = measured temperature value in °F
Valve-regulated, lead-acid cells may differ among battery
vendors and electrolyte types. Gel style cells have a different
temperature response curve than the starved-electrolyte
(AGM) types. If temperature correction is required, contact the
battery manufacturer for these data.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
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SETTING OPTIONS
Overview
M
You can change
these default
options to optimize
the BITE 2 and BITE
2P functions for your
use.
This chapter explains how to set options that control the operation of
the BITE2/2P receiver.
The BITE 2/2P receiver is shipped with certain options set, including:
• Turning the backlight on and off so that the receiver screen
does or does not light up when the instrument is powered on
• Adjusting the screen contrast
• Selecting the language in which the receiver displays
information (English, Français, Deutsch, Español, Português)
• Setting the date and time
• Setting the line frequency to 50 or 60Hz
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Turning the Receiver Backlight ON and OFF
To turn the receiver backlight on and off so that the receiver
screen does or does not light when the instrument is powered
on:
1. Press
to access the following receiver Menu.
BACKLIGHT
CONTRAST MENU
2. Press
to select Backlighting.
You are prompted to turn the backlight on or off.
ON BACKLIGHT
OFF ON/OFF? MENU
3. Press
the backlight off.
to turn the backlight on. Or press
to turn
The receiver backlight is set as you specified.
Adjusting the Receiver Screen Contrast
To adjust the contrast of the receiver screen:
1. Press
to access the receiver Menu 3.
BACKLIGHT
CONTRAST MENU
2. Press
to select CONTRAST.
You are prompted to turn the contrast up or down.
UP CONTRAST
DN DONE
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MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
3. Press
to turn the contrast up. Or press
the contrast down. Select DONE when the display is set as
desired.
Selecting the Receiver Language
The receiver is programmed to display information in a number
of languages. English is the default; however, you can easily select
another language.
1. Press
to access the receiver Menu 4.
LANGUAGE
SETTIME MENU
2. Press
The first two language choices are displayed.
to select LANGUAGE.
ENGLISH
FRANCAIS NEXT
to turn
Press
press
or
to view additional available languages.
Once you make a selection, the receiver displays screen
information using the language you chose.
Setting the Receiver Clock
To set the date and time in the receiver clock:
1. Press
LANGUAGE
SETTIME MENU
to select one of the languages displayed. Or
to access the receiver Menu.
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The BITE receiver uses a
global date format, DDMMM-YYYY, e.g. 10-OCT-
2000.
The BITE receiver uses
military time (that is, a 24hour clock). For example,
3:15 p.m. would be
displayed as 15:15:00.
2. Press
to select SET TIME.
The date and time as they are now set in the receiver
are displayed.
U DD-MMM-YYYY
D 15:30:00 SET
3. If you want to change the month, press until the
month is set correctly. Then press
Pressing
moves the cursor from the month field to
the day, year, hour, minutes, and seconds fields.
4. Set the day, year, hour, minutes, and seconds as
needed.
5. When you are finished setting the clock, press
needed so that the minutes field is selected. Then press
again.
.
as
The receiver prompts you to save the new time and
date.
Y SAVE NEW
N TIME SETTING?
6. Press
to enter Y (for YES).
The receiver clock is set.
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Selecting the Line Frequency
MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
The frequency setting in the receiver must be the same as the
line frequency at the outlet. To set the line frequency:
1. Press
until the following screen appears.
2. Use to select the correct frequency.
3. Press MENU to exit the line frequency set-up.
* 60 Hz LINE FREQ
50 Hz MENU
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9
MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING
Overview
F
This chapter explains:
• How to maintain the BITE 2/2P so that it remains in
good operating condition
• How to interpret error messages
• What to do if repairs are needed
NOTE: Before performing maintenance on the BITE 2 or BITE
2P, please read, understand, and observe all safety precautions
as indicated in Chapter 2, “Safety”. Maintenance should be
performed only by qualified personnel familiar with the hazards
involved with line-operated test equipment.
WARNING
The BITE 2/2P transmitters contain large high-voltage
capacitors. During operation these capacitors could be
charged up to about 300 V dc. Normally these capacitors
are automatically discharged when the instrument is
switched off. However, under certain fault conditions,
these capacitors may be left charged. Always use a
voltmeter to check the state of the charge and wear
rubber gloves as necessary when touching the
capacitors and the circuits connected to them.
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Cleaning and Inspecting the BITE 2 and BITE 2P
WARNING
F
Since the BITE 2/2P are used in corrosive environments, all
components and test leads should be cleaned periodically
(approximately every six months) with a mild detergent and a
soft cloth.
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Charging the Receiver
Inspect measuring and current source leads for corrosion
and wear.
The BITE receiver is powered by a 4.8 V rechargeable Ni-Cd
battery pack. The built-in Ni-Cd battery charger is designed
to recharge the battery pack in approximately one hour.
Always power off and disconnect the BITE 2/2P
transmitter before cleaning it.
CAUTION
Do not immerse the any components of the BITE 2/2P in
water or allow moisture to enter the case.
Refer to "Powering Down and
Disconnecting the BITE 2/2P" on
page 45.
Refer to Figure 3-1 and Figure 32 for the location of the receiver
charger on the BITE 2 and BITE
2P transmitters.
Refer to Figure 4-4 on page 35
for the location of the 3-PIN
connector.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
To recharge the receiver battery pack:
1. Turn off the receiver.
2. Insert the ac power cord into the transmitter ac
receptacle at J1. Plug the power cord into an outlet.
3. Connect the charger 3-pin input connector to J4 on
the transmitter at the charger panel.
4. Connect the charger 3-pin output connector to the
receiver 3-pin mating connector.
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MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
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NOTE: The receiver cannot be
operated while it is being
charged.
5. Press the Charger On/Off switch.
The yellow LED on the panel turns on to indicate that
charging is underway. The yellow light flashes when charging
is complete.
If the yellow light does not turn on after approximately 10
seconds, there may be a serious electrical problem that
should be addressed by qualified personnel.
6. Unplug the ac power cord from the outlet and
disconnect the charger from the receiver.
Replacing Batteries in the Receiver
There are two batteries in the receiver: a battery pack of four
1.2 V AA Ni-Cd batteries and an RTC battery.
Megger recommends that you use the exact type of batteries
for replacement since they match the corresponding charger
characteristics.
WARNING
Refer to “Powering Down and
Disconnecting the BITE 2/2P”on
page 45.
F
NOTE: All data will be lost when the RTC battery is replaced.
The receiver may have to be recalibrated, too.
To replace the receiver battery pack of four 1.2 V AA NiCd:
1. Turn off the receiver.
2. Disconnect all cables from the receiver.
WARNING
Be sure to power down the receiver and disconnect all
cables before disassembling the receiver to replace the
battery pack. Do not connect the charger to the receiver
while replacing batteries.
3. Lay the receiver on a flat surface with the display screen
face down. Using a Phillips head screwdriver, remove the
eight screws fastening the back cover and probe housing.
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Dispose of the Ni-Cd battery
pack in an environmentally safe
way.
4. Carefully remove the probe housing. Remove the back
cover.
CAUTION
Do not disturb the wrist strap, trigger assembly, or wiring
harness.
5. Locate the battery pack at the base of the receiver.
Unplug the battery pack from the 5-PIN connector of the
receiver printed circuit board
6. Install the replacement battery pack (part number 30654).
Be sure to align the replacement battery pack connector
with the keyed mating connector on the printed circuit
board.
7. Reassemble the receiver by placing the back cover over
the printed circuit board.Ensure that the two connectormounting plates are aligned with the channels inside the
back cover.
F
8. Snap the back cover into place, and then fasten it using
the six Phillips head screws.
9. Snap the probe housing into place, and then fasten it
using the two Phillips head screws.
WARNING
Make sure that no wires are pinched when replacing
covers and housings!!!!!
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MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
System Battery
RTC Chip Battery
Figure 9-1: RTC battery "piggybacks" the system battery
.
Refer to “Powering Down and
Disconnecting the BITE 2/2P”on
page 45.
F
To replace the receiver RTC (Real-Time Clock) battery:
1. Turn off the receiver.
2. Disconnect all cables from the receiver.
WARNING
Be sure to power down the receiver and disconnect all
cables before disassembling the receiver to replace
batteries. Do not connect the charger to the receiver
while replacing batteries.
3. Lay the receiver on a flat surface with the display screen
face down. Using a Phillips head screwdriver, remove the
eight screws fastening the back cover and probe housing.
4. Carefully remove the probe housing. Remove the back
cover.
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AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
CAUTION
Do not disturb the wrist strap, trigger assembly, or wiring
harness.
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RTC battery is P/N 35569.
Dispose of the lithium battery in
an environmentally safe way.
5. Locate the battery at the base of the receiver. Remove the
battery from the holder.
6. Install the replacement battery (part number 35569).
Be sure to align the replacement battery polarity with the
mating battery holder.
7. Reassemble the receiver by placing the back cover over
the printed circuit board.
Ensure that the two connector-mounting plates are
aligned with the channels inside the back cover.
8. Snap the back cover into place, and then fasten it using
the six Phillips head screws.
9. Snap the probe housing into place, and then fasten it
using the two Phillips head screws.
WARNING
F
Make sure that no wires are pinched when replacing
covers and housings!!!!!
Maintaining the Receiver Charger in the BITE 2 and BITE 2P
NOTE: The charger in the BITE 2P transmitter does not have a
user-replaceable fuse. Please call Megger at 610-676-8500 (or
email to battery@megger.com) if there are problems with this
charger.
Maintaining Fuses in the BITE 2 and BITE 2P Transmitters
Both the BITE 2 and BITE 2P transmitters contain two
primary fuses and two secondary fuses.
The J1 ac receptacle on the transmitter contains the
following primary fuse configuration:
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MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
Refer to Figure 3-1 on page
Error! Bookmark not
defined. for the location of the
BITE 2 transmitter primary fuse.
F
Catalog No. 246002B
Double Pole 2 AT, 250 V, 5 mm x 20 mm
Catalog No. 246004
Double Pole 2 AT, 250 V, 5 mm x 20 mm.
The output of the transmitter is double pole fused with two
15 ATM, 600 V type fuses. These secondary fuses are
installed to protect the operator from possible shock and to
protect the BITE 2/2P circuitry in the event of catastrophic
component failure. The secondary fuses are mounted on the
bottom base panel internal to the BITE 2 transmitter as in
Figure 9-2. See Figure 9-3 for the BITE 2P configuration. The
fuses are coordinated for fast response to a dc inrush from
the battery under test.
WARNING
Under no circumstances should any fuse be defeated or
replaced with another type of fuse. Replace with the fuse
types specified in Appendix B: Replaceable Parts List.
Verifying a
Transmitter Fuse
Problem
Identifying a Primary
Fuse Problem
If you encounter a problem with the BITE 2 or BITE 2P
transmitter, check the primary and secondary fuses to see if
the problem is fuse related.
To identify a primary fuse problem in the transmitter:
1. Remove the transmitter from the vicinity of the battery
room.
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2. Verify that the transmitter ac line voltage selector is set
for the correct ac line voltage (120 V or 230 V).
The arrow located on the connector panel directly to the
left of the J1 receptacle should point to the arrow on the
fuse carrier that corresponds to the proper voltage.
3. Insert the ac power cord into the J1 ac receptacle. Then
plug the power cord into the (120 V or 230 V) outlet.
4. Press the power switch to (ON), and then the Current
On/Off switch.
5. The transmitter POWER light and Current On/Off switch
should illuminate followed by the CURRENT READY
indicator. If neither indication occurs, the primary fuse
may be bad. Refer to the appropriate subsection,
"Replacing Fuses in the BITE 2 Transmitter" on page 82 or
"Replacing Fuses in the BITE 2P Transmitter" on page 85.
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MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
Identifying a
Secondary Fuse
Problem
To identify a secondary fuse problem in the transmitter:
1. Remove the transmitter from the vicinity of the battery
room.
2. Verify that the transmitter ac line voltage selector is set
for the correct ac line voltage (120 V or 230 V).
The arrow located on the connector panel directly to the
left of the J1 receptacle should point to the arrow on the
fuse carrier that corresponds to the proper voltage.
3. Insert the ac power cord into the J1 ac receptacle. Then
plug the power cord into the 120 V (230V) outlet.
4. Connect the current source leads to the J2 connector on
the transmitter connector panel. Then short (or clamp)
together the red and black clamps of the current source
leads.
If the displayed reading is 0, the
transmitter secondary fuses
may be bad. Refer to "Replacing
Fuses in the BITE 2 Transmitter"
on page 82, or "Replacing Fuses
in the BITE 2P Transmitter" on
page 85, as appropriate.
5. Press the power switch to the (ON) position to power on
the transmitter. Press the Current On/Off switch to
energize the current circuit.
The transmitter POWER light and the CURRENT READY
light should illuminate. Also, the digital meter should
indicate current.
6. Observe the AC source current reading on analog or
digital meter. Current reading should be about 10 amps
for 60 Hz or about 8 amps for 50 Hz.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
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Replacing Fuses in
the BITE 2
Transmitter
Replacing the BITE 2
Transmitter Primary
Fuse
If you identify a fuse problem and suitably trained repair
personnel are available to perform the operation, refer to the
following subsections to replace primary and secondary
fuses.
To replace the BITE 2 transmitter primary fuse:
1. Remove the transmitter from the vicinity of the battery
room.
2. Press the transmitter power switch to the O (OFF)
position. Then disconnect the ac power cord from the ac
outlet.
3. Remove the current source leads from the battery under
test.
F
If the fuse is not bad, refer to
"Identifying a Secondary Fuse
Problem" on page 81.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
WARNING
Do not remove the BITE 2 transmitter current source
leads from the battery until the BITE 2 transmitter is
powered down. Always disconnect the current source
leads from the battery before removing them from the J2
connector on the transmitter.
4. Remove the current source leads from the J2 connector
on the transmitter.
5. Remove the fuse carrier from the power module on the
transmitter.
6. Remove the damaged fuse and replace with exact
replacement spares (not provided) as specified in Appendix
B: Replaceable Parts List. Verify with an ohmmeter that
the removed fuse is indeed bad.
82
MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
Replacing the BITE 2
Transmitter
Secondary Fuses
7. Replace the fuse carrier in the power module on the
transmitter.
NOTE: An indicator pin is located on the fuse carrier to the
right of the J1 receptacle. Make sure that this indicator pin
points to the correct voltage (120 V or 230 V).
8. Test the transmitter as described under Verifying a
Transmitter Fuse Problem” on page 79.
If the instrument still does not respond correctly, return it
to Megger for service. Please refer to the repair section
later in this chapter.
Fuse Location
Figure 9-2: BITE 2 transmitter secondary fuses (front view)
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
83
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F
To replace the transmitter secondary fuses:
1. Remove the transmitter from the vicinity of the battery
room.
2. Press the transmitter power switch to the O (OFF
position to power down the transmitter. Then remove all
cables from the J1 and J2 connectors.
WARNING
Do not remove the BITE 2 transmitter current source
leads from the battery until the transmitter is powered
down. Always disconnect the current source leads from
the battery before removing them from connector J2 on
the transmitter.
3. Remove the top panel screws.
4. Carefully lift the transmitter chassis out of the case.
5. Locate the two-pole fuse block on the front plate of the
transmitter chassis (see Figure 9-2 shown earlier in this
chapter). The fuses should be marked 15 ATM or 15 KLM.
6. Remove the fuses from the fuse block. Verify if one or both
fuses are bad.
7. If needed, replace the bad fuse(s) with the exact
replacement type as specified in Appendix B: Replaceable
Parts List.
8. Reassemble the transmitter by returning the chassis to
the case, inserting the top panel screws into the recessed
holes and tightening to 0.7 Newton-Meters. Do not overtighten because this will misalign required clearances for
mechanical operation. Then test the transmitter as
described earlier in "Verifying a Transmitter Fuse
Problem" on page 79.
9. Replace the top panel screws.
If the instrument still does not respond correctly, return it
to Megger for service. Please refer to "If the BITE 2 or BITE
2P Needs Repairs" on page 88.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
84
F
Replacing Fuses in
the BITE 2P
Transmitter
MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
WARNING
Under no circumstances should any fuse be defeated or
replaced with another type of fuse. Replace with the fuse
types specified in Appendix B: Replaceable Parts List.
Replacing the BITE 2P
Transmitter Primary
Fuse
If you identify a fuse problem and suitably trained repair
personnel are available to perform the operation, refer to the
following subsections to replace primary and secondary
fuses.
To replace the transmitter primary fuse:
1. Remove the transmitter from the vicinity of the battery
room.
2. Press the transmitter power switch to the O (OFF)
position. Then disconnect the ac power cord from the 120
V (230 V) ac outlet.
3. Remove the current source leads from the battery under
test.
If the fuse is not bad, refer to
"Identifying a Secondary Fuse
Problem" on page 81.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
4. Remove the current source leads from the J2 connector
on the transmitter.
5. Remove the fuse carrier from the power module on the
transmitter.
6. Remove the damaged fuse and replace with exact
replacement spares (provided) as specified in Appendix B:
Replaceable Parts List. Verify with an ohmmeter that the
removed fuse is indeed bad.
85
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Fuse Location
Replacing BITE 2P
Transmitter
Secondary Fuses
Figure 9-3: BITE 2P transmitter secondary fuses (front view)
7. Replace the fuse carrier in the power module on the
transmitter.
NOTE: An indicator pin is located on the fuse carrier to the
right of the J1 receptacle. Make sure that this indicator pin
points to the correct voltage (120 V or 230 V).
8. Test the transmitter as described earlier in the
subsection, “Verifying a Transmitter Fuse Problem.”
If the instrument still does not respond correctly, return it
to Megger for service. Please refer to "If the BITE 2 or BITE
2P Needs Repairs" on page 88 for the necessary
information.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
To replace the transmitter secondary fuses:
1. Remove the transmitter from the vicinity of the battery
room.
2. Press the transmitter power switch to the O (OFF)
position to power down the transmitter. Then remove all
cables from J1 and J2 connectors.
86
MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
WARNING
Do not remove the BITE 2P transmitter current source
leads from the battery until the transmitter is powered
G
down. Always disconnect the current source leads from
the battery before removing them from connector J2 on
the transmitter.
3. Remove the screws around the top panel of the
transmitter.
4. Carefully lift the transmitter chassis out of the case.
5. Locate the two-pole fuse block on the front plate of the
transmitter chassis (see Figure 9-2 shown earlier in this
chapter. The fuses should be marked 15 ATM or 15 KLM.
6. Remove the fuses from the fuse block. Verify if one or both
fuses are bad.
7. If needed, replace the bad fuse(s) with the exact
replacement type as specified in Appendix B: Replaceable
Parts List.
8. Reassemble the transmitter by returning the chassis to
the case; replace the screws around the top panel and
tightening to 0.7 Newton-Meters. Do not over-tighten
because this will misalign required clearances for
mechanical operation. Then test the transmitter as
described earlier under "Verifying a Transmitter Fuse
Problem" on page 79.
If the instrument still does not respond correctly, return it
to Megger for service. Please refer to page 88 for the
necessary information.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
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Interpreting Error Messages
Condition Display Explanation
Low Current Lo_A Receiver screen display for transmitter current
measurement (I < 3.0 A)
High Current Hi_A Receiver screen display for ripple and transmitter
current measurement (I > 15.0 A)
Over-range OVER Receiver screen display for dc terminal voltage,
impedance, and strap resistance
Low Battery LOW BATTERY Receiver screen display indicating low battery pack capacity
Over Voltage OVER
VOLTAGE
lamp
The OVER VOLTAGE light illuminates when the
voltage across which the current source leads are
connected is greater than 275 Vdc. Section the
battery as described under Sectioning a Battery
System on page 49.
If the BITE 2 or BITE 2P Needs Repairs
Megger offers complete repair service and recommends that
its customers take advantage of this service in the event of
equipment malfunction. Please call 610-676-8500 and ask
for Customer Service to obtain an RA #, then ship to:
TEL: 610-676-8500
It is best if you return the entire instrument, including leads,
Megger
ATTN: Repair Department
Valley Forge Corporate Center
2621 Van Buren Avenue
Norristown, PA 19403 U.S.A.
to help us find the source of the problem. Many times the
problem appears to be the transmitter, but the problem is
eventually found to be in the receiver. Please indicate all
pertinent information, including problem symptoms and
attempted repairs. Equipment returned for repair must be
shipped prepaid and insured and marked for the attention of
the Repair Department.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
88
cm) to make 8 in. (20 cm) and 12 in. (30 cm) diameter circles.
10
OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
Available Options
M
To accommodate testing requirements of various battery
installation configurations, Megger offers the following
optional equipment for the BITE 2 and BITE 2P.
Current sensor—Miniature clamp-on CT with 0.5-in. (12mm) opening for use in small cabinets. This current sensor
has shrouded banana-jack connections and includes a 2.5 ft
(0.75 m) lead.
Current sensor—RopeCTTM: In some battery installations,
the buswork is too big for the standard 2 in. (50 mm) CT to
close. There are two lengths, 24 in. (60 cm) and 36 in. (90
Because they are flexible, they can adapt to almost any
buswork configuration.
Bar code wand—for use with the receiver’s 7-pin connection
as a means of electronically scanning cell, location, and
operator identification. This option includes a wand and
prompt sheets with alphanumeric characters for scanning.
Windows®-based software for producing bar code labels using
a personal computer and printer is also available as a
separate option.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
Extended source leads—30 and 40 ft (9 and 12 m).
Extension cable—20-ft (6 m) for clamp-on current sensor (CT).
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Probe Extensions—These are used to extend the length of
the receiver and potential probe to reach racked and
cabinetized batteries found primarily in UPS systems. The
basic kit includes two adapters, two 12-in. (30-cm)
extensions and three pairs of tips. The tip configurations are
straight, 90o bend and 180o bend. The tips are hardened
steel to break through oxide coatings easily.
Canvas carrying case—for the BITE 2 transmitter.
Digital Hydrometer—is designed to easily take specific
gravity readings and store them in up to eight tests and up to
1,024 readings.
Transit cases—heavy-duty cases to properly protect the
instruments during shipment.
Custom designed lead sets may also be possible if kept
within strict safety guidelines and within the operating
specifications of the instrument.
WARNING
F
Contact Megger for assistance before attempting to use
the BITE 2 or BITE 2P in a customized design.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
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A
APPENDIX A: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Application
Electrical
BITE 2 and BITE 2P
Transmitters
The BITE 2/2P can test lead-acid and nickel-cadmium
cells of less than 7000 Ah capacity.
Tests on most battery systems require the standard
clamp-on current sensor (CT) with a 2-inch opening.
Maximum total voltage at BITE2/2P transmitter current
source connections is 275 V dc (larger battery systems
can be sectioned to accommodate this specification).
Supply Voltage:
IEC 1010-1 Class I, Installation category II
Cat Nos. 246002 & 246004: 100 to 240 V nominal,
(50/60 Hz). Do NOT exceed 264 V max.
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011
Source Output Current:
IEC 1010-I Installation category I
10 A nominal, 50/60 Hz operation
Output:
6.50 V dc @ 1.10 A dc charging (max)
9.60 V dc open circuit
Maximum Battery Test Voltage:
275 V dc at transmitter source lead terminals
91
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Receiver
Precision:
ac impedance ± 0.3% one sigma
dc voltage ± 0.1% one sigma
Accuracy:
ac impedance ± (5% of rdg + 1 LSD)
dc voltage ± (1% of rdg + 1 LSD)
Resolution:
dc voltage
(0 to 2.5 V) 1 mV
(2.5 to 25 V) 10 mV
ac impedance
(0–1.000 m?) 1 µΩ
(1-10.00 m?) 10 µΩ
(10-100.0 m?) 100 µΩ
Supply:
4.8 V dc, 800 mAh, quick-charge nickel-cadmium battery
pack
Battery Pack Life, Full Charge:
5 hours continuous
Maximum Voltage Between Potential Probes:
25V dc
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