Medtronic TB2222C116X Instructions for Use

TALENT® THORACIC STENT GRAFT
WITH THE XCELERANT
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
IMPORTANT!
Do not attempt to use the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System before completely reading and understanding the information contained in this booklet.
Carefully inspect all product packaging for damage or defects prior to use. Do not use product if any sign of damage or breach of the sterile barrier is observed.
These devices are supplied STERILE for single use only. After use, dispose of the delivery system in accordance with hospital, administrative and/or government policies. Do not resterilize.
Caution: Federal (U.S.) Law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician.
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DELIVERY SYSTEM
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 4
2.0 DEVICE DESCRIPTION..................................................................................................... 4
2.1 TALENT THORACIC STENT GRAFT SYSTEM ........................................................................ 4
2.2 TALENT THORACIC STENT GRAFT...................................................................................... 4
2.2.1 PROXIMAL MAIN SECTION................................................................................. 5
2.2.2 DISTAL MAIN SECTION ....................................................................................... 6
2.2.3 PROXIMAL EXTENSION ...................................................................................... 6
2.2.4 DISTAL EXTENSION ............................................................................................ 7
2.3 XCELERANT DELIVERY SYSTEM ......................................................................................... 8
3.0 INDICATIONS FOR USE ................................................................................................... 9
4.0 CONTRAINDICATIONS ..................................................................................................... 9
5.0 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS .................................................................................... 9
5.1 GENERAL ......................................................................................................................... 9
5.2 PATIENT SELECTION, TREATMENT AND FOLLOW-UP........................................................... 9
5.3 IMPLANT PROCEDURE ..................................................................................................... 10
5.4 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) .......................................................................... 11
6.0 POTENTIAL ADVERSE EVENTS.................................................................................... 12
6.1 ADVERSE EVENT REPORTING.......................................................................................... 12
7.0 SUMMARY OF PIVOTAL US CLINICAL STUDY ............................................................ 13
7.1 SUBJECT ACCOUNTABILITY AND FOLLOW-UP.................................................................... 14
7.2 DEMOGRAPHICS AND BASELINE MEDICAL HISTORY .......................................................... 15
7.3 BASELINE ANEURYSM DATA ............................................................................................ 17
7.4 DEVICES IMPLANTED....................................................................................................... 18
7.5 STUDY RESULTS............................................................................................................. 20
7.5.1 SAFETY............................................................................................................... 20
7.5.2 EFFECTIVENESS ............................................................................................... 30
7.5.3 SUPPLEMENTARY ACUTE PROCEDURAL DATA........................................... 33
7.6 VALOR TEST GROUP RESULTS BY LESION TYPE............................................................. 34
7.6.1 SUBJECT DEMOGRAPHICS AND LESION CHARACTERISTICS ................... 34
7.6.2 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS ENDPOINT
ANALYSIS BY LESION TYPE............................................................................ 36
8.0 PATIENT SELECTION ..................................................................................................... 38
8.1 INDIVIDUALIZATION OF TREATMENT .................................................................................. 38
9.0 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION ....................................................................... 38
10.0 HOW SUPPLIED .............................................................................................................. 38
10.1 STERILITY ...................................................................................................................... 38
10.2 CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................... 38
10.3 STORAGE ....................................................................................................................... 38
11.0 CLINICAL USE INFORMATION....................................................................................... 39
11.1 RECOMMENDED SKILLS AND TRAINING............................................................................. 39
11.1.1 PATIENT SELECTION ........................................................................................ 39
11.1.2 PHYSICIAN SKILLS AND EXPERIENCE ........................................................... 39
11.2 MATERIALS RECOMMENDED FOR DEVICE IMPLANTATION .................................................. 39
11.3 PRE-TREATMENT PLANNING AND SELECTION OF STENT GRAFT ........................................ 40
12.0 IMPLANTATION INSTRUCTIONS................................................................................... 42
12.1 PICTORIAL REFERENCES................................................................................................. 42
12.2 VASCULAR ACCESS, ANTICOAGULATION AND INITIAL ANGIOGRAM ..................................... 42
12.3 DEVICE PREPARATION .................................................................................................... 42
12.4 DEVICE INSERTION ......................................................................................................... 42
12.5 DEPLOYING THE TALENT THORACIC STENT GRAFT........................................................... 44
12.6 REMOVING THE DELIVERY SYSTEM.................................................................................. 49
12.7 ANCILLARY BALLOON CATHETER MODELING .................................................................... 50
12.8 IMPLANTING ADDITIONAL COMPONENT SECTIONS............................................................. 51
13.0 IMAGING GUIDELINES AND POST-OPERATIVE FOLLOW-UP ................................... 53
13.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 53
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13.2 ANGIOGRAPHIC IMAGING................................................................................................. 53
13.3 CTA/MRA IMAGES ......................................................................................................... 54
13.4 X-RAY ........................................................................................................................... 54
13.5 MRI INFORMATION.......................................................................................................... 55
13.6 ADDITIONAL SURVEILLANCE AND TREATMENT .................................................................. 55
14.0 DEVICE-RELATED ADVERSE EVENTS REPORTING .................................................. 56
15.0 PATIENT MATERIALS AND TRACKING INFORMATION .............................................. 56
16.0 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS........................................................................................ 57
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 - Thoracic Stent Graft - Main Section................................................................................ 5
Figure 2 - Thoracic Stent Graft - Additional Distal Main Section..................................................... 6
Figure 3 - Thoracic Stent Graft - Proximal Extension...................................................................... 6
Figure 4 - Thoracic Stent Graft - Distal Extension........................................................................... 7
Figure 5 - Xcelerant Delivery System.............................................................................................. 8
Figure 6- Covered Portion (Top of Fabric) Placement Zones ....................................................... 10
Figure 7- Kaplan-Meier Plot of Freedom from All Cause Mortality at 30 Days and 12 Months:
VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery Group ........................................ 21
Figure 8 – Kaplan-Meier Plot of Freedom from Major Adverse Events at 30 Days: VALOR Test
Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery......................................................................... 25
Figure 9 – Kaplan-Meier Plot of Freedom from Serious Major Adverse Events: VALOR Test
Group Only..................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 10 – Kaplan-Meier Plot of Freedom from Aneurysm-Related Mortality at 12 Months:
VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery Group ........................................ 29
Figure 11 - Regions for Modular Overlaps .................................................................................... 41
Figure 12 – Introduce the Xcelerant Delivery System ................................................................... 43
Figure 13 – Proximal Marker Indicating the Top Edge of Covered Portion of the Stent Graft ...... 44
Figure 14: Misaligned Opening...................................................................................................... 45
Figure 15: Misaligned Opening: Pull Back to Correct.................................................................... 45
Figure 16: Misaligned Opening Corrected..................................................................................... 46
Figure 17: Covered Portion (Top of Fabric) Placement Zones ..................................................... 46
Figure 18 - Initial Deployment of Main Section.............................................................................. 47
Figure 19 - Initial Deployment of Main Section.............................................................................. 47
Figure 20: Deploy the Remainder of Stent Graft ........................................................................... 49
Figure 21: Delivery System Removal ............................................................................................ 50
Figure 22: Balloon Modeling of the Stent Graft........................................................................ 51
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 – Stent Graft Materials........................................................................................................ 4
Table 2 - Talent Thoracic Stent Graft Summary.............................................................................. 4
Table 3 - Subject and Imaging Accountability Table–VALOR Test Group Only ........................... 14
Table 4 - Subject Demographics: VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery Group .. 15
Table 5 - Subject Anatomic Lesion Type: VALOR Test Group Only............................................. 15
Table 6 - Baseline Medical History: VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery Group16
Table 7 - Baseline Modified SVS Classification: VALOR Test Group Only................................... 16
Table 8 - Baseline Maximum Aneurysm Diameters: VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open
Surgery........................................................................................................................... 17
Table 9 - Baseline Vessel Dimensions (Core Lab Reported): VALOR Test Group Only.............. 17
Table 10- Number of Devices Implanted at Initial Procedure: VALOR Test Group Only.............. 18
Table 11: Number of Main Sections and Number of Extensions Implanted at Initial Procedure:
VALOR Test Group Only ............................................................................................... 18
Table 12 - VALOR Test Group: Talent Thoracic Stent Graft Devices Implanted.......................... 19
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Table 13- VALOR Test Group: Distal Main Devices Implanted .................................................... 19
Table 14- All-Cause Mortality at 30 Days and 12 months: VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective
Open Surgery................................................................................................................. 21
Table 15: Details of Kaplan-Meier Plot of Freedom from All Cause Mortality at 30 Days and 12
Months: VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery Group........................... 22
Table 16 - Summary of Major Adverse Events for VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open
Surgery Group (30 days) ............................................................................................... 23
Table 17- Freedom from Major Adverse Events (MAE) at 30 days: VALOR Test Group vs.
Retrospective Open Surgery Group .............................................................................. 24
Table 18: Details of Kaplan-Meier Plot of Freedom from Major Adverse Events at 30 Days:
VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery ................................................... 25
Table 19 -Summary of Serious Major Adverse Events from VALOR Test Group Only ................ 26
Table 20- Freedom from Serious Major Adverse Events (MAE) at 30 days and 12-months:
VALOR Test Group Only ............................................................................................... 26
Table 21: Details of Kaplan-Meier Plot of Freedom from Serious Major Adverse Events: VALOR
Test Group Only............................................................................................................. 27
Table 22- Aneurysm-Related Mortality at 12 Months: VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open
Surgery Group ............................................................................................................... 28
Table 23: Details of Kaplan-Meier Plot of Freedom from Aneurysm-Related Mortality at 12
Months: VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery Group........................... 29
Table 24- Primary Effectiveness Endpoint: Successful Aneurysm Treatment: VALOR Test Group
....................................................................................................................................... 30
Table 25- Summary of Subjects with Primary Effectiveness Failure: VALOR Test Group ........... 30
Table 26 - Other Effectiveness Data: VALOR Test Group Only ................................................... 31
Table 27 - Supplementary Acute Procedural Data: VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open
Surgery Group ............................................................................................................... 33
Table 28 - Subject Demographics by Lesion Type – VALOR Test Group Only............................ 34
Table 29 - Baseline Vessel Dimensions by Lesion Type: VALOR Test Group Only (Core Lab
Reported
Table 30: Baseline Vessel Shape by Lesion Type (Core Lab Reported1) – VALOR Test Group
Only................................................................................................................................ 36
Table 31: Primary Safety Endpoint: All Cause Mortality by Lesion Type – VALOR Test Group
Only................................................................................................................................ 36
Table 32: Primary Effectiveness Endpoint: Successful Aneurysm Treatment by Lesion Type –
VALOR Test Group Only ............................................................................................... 36
Table 33: Summary of Secondary Endpoints by Lesion Type – VALOR Test Group Only .......... 37
Table 34: Persistent Paraplegia/Paraparesis at 12 Months or last Follow-up by Lesion Type –
VALOR Test Group Only ............................................................................................... 37
Table 35 - Sizing Guidelines.......................................................................................................... 40
Table 36 - Order of Deployment When Using Multiple Stent Graft Component Sections............. 41
Table 37 - Imaging Recommendations ......................................................................................... 53
Table 38 - CTA Imaging Guidelines .............................................................................................. 54
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1.0 Introduction
The Talent ® Thoracic Stent Graft System is intended for the endovascular repair of fusiform aneurysms and saccular aneurysms/penetrating ulcers of the descending thoracic aorta. When placed within the target lesion, the stent graft provides an alternative conduit for blood flow within the patient’s vasculature by excluding the lesion from blood flow and pressure.
2.0
2.1 Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System
The Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System includes:
The Talent
The Xcelerant® Delivery System
The Talent Thoracic Stent Graft is pre-loaded into the Xcelerant Delivery System. The loaded delivery system is inserted endoluminally via the femoral or iliac artery and tracked through the patient’s vasculature to deliver the stent graft to the target site.
2.2 Talent Thoracic Stent Graft
The Talent Thoracic Stent Graft is composed of a series of shaped, sinusoidal, self-expanding nitinol wire rings which act as springs that are stacked in a tubular arrangement to form a self expanding nitinol structure. Proximal and distal springs of the stent graft are connected by a full-length connecting bar. The self-expanding nitinol structure is covered by a mono­filament polyester woven graft. The graft material is sewn to the nitinol structure, which securely incorporates the springs into the graft. Radiopaque markers, made out of platinum-iridium in shape of a figure eight (known as Figur8), are sewn to the graft to help visualize and identify: the edge of the graft material, the location of the connecting bar, and the minimum overlap required when multiple stent grafts are used. A support spring surrounding the proximal edge of the graft material is also used in some configurations. Table 1 lists the materials comprising the stent graft.
The Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System is a modular device system that accommodates the use of multiple stent graft sections. Depending on the patient’s anatomy, single or multiple stent grafts may be required to achieve sufficient coverage and exclude the target lesion. Table 2 summarizes the features of various modular stent graft component sections. Each component section is described in detail below.
Device Description
Thoracic Stent Graft
Table 1 – Stent Graft Materials
Stent Graft Component Material
Springs Nitinol wire (55% Nickel, balance Titanium with trace elements) Connecting Bar Nitinol wire (55% Nickel, balance Titanium with trace elements) Support Spring (FreeFlo™ only) Nitinol wire (55% Nickel, balance Titanium with trace elements) Stent Fabric High-density woven mono-filament polyester Sutures Braided polyester suture Radiopaque Markers Figur 8 Platinum Iridium wire
Component
Proximal Main Section Distal Main Section Proximal Extension Distal Extension
Table 2 - Talent Thoracic Stent Graft Summary
Proximal End Configuration
FreeFlo (>22mm) Bare Spring (22mm)
Open Web Closed Web 130mm 110-114mm 26mm – 46mm Tapered Tube
FreeFlo (Bare Spring with Support Spring)
Open Web Bare Spring 80-90mm 46-54mm 26mm – 46mm Straight Tube
Distal End
Configuration
Closed Web 130mm 112-116mm 22mm – 46mm Straight Tube
Open Web 80-90mm 46-54mm 26mm – 46mm Straight Tube
Total
Length
Covered
Length
Available
Diameters
Straight or
Tapered
Tube
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2.2.1 Proximal Main Section
The proximal main section has an uncovered nitinol spring as the proximal end configuration, which allows for trans­vessel flow. Proximal main stent grafts with a proximal diameter greater than 22mm have a mini-support spring to aid in sealing. The proximal end configuration in which an uncovered nitinol spring and mini-support spring are present is called the ‘FreeFlo’ configuration. The proximal end configuration in which an uncovered nitinol spring is present without a mini­support spring is called a ‘Bare Spring’ configuration. The distal end of the stent graft has a Closed Web configuration. The two proximal markers and two distal markers indicate the ends of the covered portion of the stent graft. The middle marker indicates the rotational position of the connecting bar. See Figure 1.
Figure 1 - Thoracic Stent Graft - Main Section
[GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION ONLY. MAY APPEAR DIFFERENTLY UNDER FLUOROSCOPY]
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2.2.2 Distal Main Section
Distal main sections are used to increase the length of coverage of the treated vessel when the proximal main section is inadequate in length to exclude the aneurysm. The proximal end of the distal main section utilizes a configuration in which the outline of the most proximal spring is covered with fabric leaving a “tulip” effect, called Open Web. The distal end of the distal main section is a Closed Web configuration. Two alignment markers are used to indicate the 30mm minimum overlap with the mating graft. The two distal markers indicate the bottom edge of the covered portion of the stent graft. The middle marker indicates the rotational position of the connecting bar. See Figure 2.
Figure 2 - Thoracic Stent Graft - Additional Distal Main Section
MIDDLE MARKER
[GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION ONLY. MAY APPEAR DIFFERENTLY UNDER FLUOROSCOPY]
2.2.3 Proximal Extension
Proximal extensions are intended to be used when the proximal end of the stent graft requires extension to fully exclude the target lesion, or to treat proximal Type I endoleaks. The proximal extension is deployed within the proximal end of the proximal main section. The proximal end of the proximal extension section has a FreeFlo configuration, which allows for trans-vessel flow. The distal end of the proximal extension section has an Open Web configuration. The two proximal markers indicate the top edge of the covered stent graft. The single alignment marker is used to indicate the 30mm minimum overlap with the mating graft, as well as the rotational location of the connecting bar. See Figure 3.
Figure 3 - Thoracic Stent Graft - Proximal Extension
FREEFLO
MINI SUPPORT SPRING
[GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION ONLY. MAY APPEAR DIFFERENTLY UNDER FLUOROSCOPY]
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2.2.4 Distal Extension
Distal extensions are intended to be used when the distal end of the stent graft requires extension to fully exclude the target lesion, or to treat distal Type I endoleaks. The distal extension is deployed in the distal end of the proximal main or distal main section and extends distally. The proximal end has an Open Web configuration. The distal end has a bare spring extending beyond the edge of the fabric, which allows for trans-vessel flow. The single “alignment marker” indicates the 30mm minimum overlap with the mating graft, as well as the rotational position of the connecting bar. The two distal markers indicate the bottom edge of the covered portion of the stent graft. See Figure 4.
Figure 4 - Thoracic Stent Graft - Distal Extension
[GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION ONLY. MAY APPEAR DIFFERENTLY UNDER FLUOROSCOPY]
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2.3 Xcelerant Delivery System
The Xcelerant Delivery System consists of a single use, disposable catheter with an integrated handle to provide the user with controlled deployment. The delivery system is composed of an inner member, a middle member with flexible stent stop, and an outer graft cover incorporating a stainless steel braid. The inner member allows the system to track over a
0.035” guidewire. The middle member with flexible stent stop helps with tracking through tortuous anatomy and maintains stent graft position during deployment. The graft cover contains the stent graft during tracking and releases the stent graft during deployment. A flexible tapered tip is attached to the inner member and provides a transition from the guidewire to the outer graft cover. A distal radiopaque marker indicates the graft cover edge under fluoroscopy. A hemostasis valve at the proximal end of the delivery system minimizes leaking and blood loss during the procedure. Rotating or retracting the integrated handle deploys the stent graft. See Figure 5.
Figure 5 - Xcelerant Delivery System
1. Stent Stop
2. Graft Cover
3. RO Marker
4. Taper Tip
5. Rear Grip
6. Screw Gear
7. External Slider
8. Trigger
9. Front Grip
10. Handle Disassembly Port
11. Strain Relief
12. Touhy Bourst
13. Quick Disconnect
14. Sideport Extension
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3.0 Indications for Use
The Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System is intended for the endovascular repair of fusiform aneurysms and saccular aneurysms/penetrating ulcers of the descending thoracic aorta in patients having appropriate anatomy, including:
iliac/femoral access vessel morphology that is compatible with vascular access techniques, devices, and/or accessories;
non-aneurysmal aortic diameter in the range of 18 – 42mm; and
non-aneurysmal aortic proximal and distal neck lengths 20mm
4.0 Contraindications
The Talent Thoracic Stent Graft is contraindicated in:
Patients who have a condition that threatens to infect the graft.
Patients with sensitivities or allergies to the device materials (see Table 1).
5.0
5.1 General
5.2 Patient Selection, Treatment and Follow-Up
Warnings and Precautions
Read all instructions carefully. Failure to properly follow the instructions, warnings and precautions may lead to serious consequences or injury to the patient
The Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System should only be used by physicians and teams trained in vascular interventional techniques, including training in the use of this device. Specific training expectations are described in Section 11.1
Always have a vascular surgery team available during implantation or reintervention procedures in the event that conversion to open surgical repair is necessary
Do not attempt to use the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft with the Xcelerant Delivery System in patients unable to undergo the necessary preoperative and postoperative imaging and implantation studies as described in Section 13.0.
The Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System is not recommended in patients who cannot tolerate contrast agents necessary for intra-operative and post-operative follow-up imaging.
The Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System is not recommended in patients exceeding weight and/or size limits which compromise or prevent the necessary imaging requirements
Prior to the procedure, pre-operative planning for access and placement should be performed. See Section
11.3. Key anatomic elements that may affect successful exclusion of the aneurysm include severe neck angulation, short aortic neck(s) and significant thrombus and/or calcium at the arterial implantation sites. In the presence of anatomical limitations, a longer neck length may be required to obtain adequate sealing and fixation.
The use of this device requires administration of radiographic agents. Patients with preexisting renal insufficiency may have an increased risk of renal failure postoperatively
The safety and effectiveness of this device in the treatment of dissections have not been established. In the first 10 years of clinical experience (OUS-commercial and US-investigational), there were 39 reported events of retrograde dissection in patients. Of the 39 reported events, 33 patients had a pre-existing aortic dissection.
Inappropriate patient selection may contribute to poor device performance.
The safety and effectiveness of the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft has not been evaluated in the following patient
situations and/or populations in which:
Planned placement of the COVERED (top edge of fabric) portion of the stent graft requires implant to
occur in zones 0 or 1 (See Figure 6).
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Figure 6- Covered Portion (Top of Fabric) Placement Zones
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The patient’s access vessel (as determined by treating physician) precludes safe insertion of the delivery
system.
NOTE: ILIAC CONDUITS MAY BE USED TO ENSURE THE SAFE INSERTION OF THE DELIVERY SYSTEM.
Patient requires a planned aortic conduit.  Patient has a thoracic aneurysm with a contained rupture.  Patient has a connective tissue disease (e.g., Marfan’s syndrome, medial degeneration).  Patient has received a previous stent and/or stent graft or previous surgical repair in the descending
thoracic aortic area.
Patient requires treatment of an infra-renal aneurysm at the time of implant.  Patient has had previous surgical or endovascular treatment of an infra-renal aortic aneurysm.  Patient has a history of bleeding diathesis, coagulopathy, or refuses blood transfusions.  Patient has had a recent (within three (3) months) Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA).  The patient has a known hypersensitivity or contraindication to anticoagulants or contrast media, which is
not amenable to pre-treatment.
The presence of significant and/or circumferential aortic mural thrombus at either the proximal or distal
attachment sites that would compromise fixation and seal of the implanted stent graft.
Pregnant females Patients less than 18 years old
The long-term safety and effectiveness of this implant have not been established. All patients with endovascular aneurysm repair must undergo periodic imaging to evaluate the stent graft and aneurysm size. Significant aneurysm enlargement (>5 mm), the appearance of a new endoleak, or migration resulting in an inadequate seal zone should prompt further investigation and may indicate the need for additional intervention or surgical conversion.
Intervention or conversion to standard open surgical repair following initial endovascular repair should be considered for patients experiencing enlarging aneurysms and/or endoleak. An increase in aneurysm size and/or persistent endoleak may lead to aneurysm rupture.
5.3 Implant Procedure
Strict adherence to the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System IFU sizing table is strongly recommended when selecting the appropriate device size (Table 35). The appropriate device oversizing has been incorporated into the IFU sizing guide. Sizing outside of this range can potentially result in endoleak, fracture, migration, infolding or graft wear.
o Medtronic is aware of an instance from Talent Thoracic Stent Graft explant observations, in which
oversizing of the overlap components beyond the recommended guidelines resulted in a graft material hole and broken sutures.
Oversizing of the stent graft to vessel more than 10% may be unsafe, especially in the presence of dissecting tissue or intramural hematoma.
A seal zone less than 20mm could increase the risk of endoleak or migration of the stent graft. Migration may also be caused by deployment of the proximal spring into a thrombus-filled or severely angled vessel wall.
Manipulation of wires, balloons, catheters, and endografts in the thoracic aorta may lead to vascular trauma including aortic dissection and embolization.
Deployment of the Stent Graft in highly angulated anatomies, especially in the transverse arch, may result in misaligned deployment of the proximal stent structure. Misaligned deployment is also more likely with Stent Graft diameters of 42mm and larger. In some instances, this misalignment may result in mal-apposition of the proximal stent(s) and incomplete seal with clinical impact, including evidence of endoleak or luminal narrowing
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of the endograft. In the first 10 years of clinical experience (OUS-commercial and US-investigational), there were 10 reported events of misaligned opening/deployment.
Wrinkling of graft material may promote thrombus formation. Inflate a conformable balloon within the deployed stent graft lumen to reduce wrinkling of the graft material.
An uncovered spring should never be placed inside the covered graft section of another stent graft. Doing so may result in abrasion of the fabric by the bare spring, resulting in graft material holes and/or broken sutures.
o Medtronic is aware of an instance from Talent Thoracic Stent Graft explant observations, in which
placing a bare stent graft spring inside of a covered stent graft section of another device resulted in a graft material hole and broken sutures.
Use the Reliant Stent Graft Balloon Catheter according to the instructions for use supplied with the Reliant Device. Do not attempt to use the Reliant Stent Graft Balloon Catheter before completely reading and understanding the information supplied with the Reliant Device.
Do not use the Reliant Stent Graft Balloon Catheter in patients with history of thoracic dissection disease. Do not over-inflate the Reliant Stent Graft balloon within or outside of the graft material.
When expanding a vascular prosthesis using the Reliant Balloon, there is an increased risk of vessel injury and/or rupture, and possible patient death, if the balloon’s proximal and distal radiopaque markers are not completely within the covered (graft fabric) portion of the prosthesis.
Failure to align the connecting bar with the outer bend of the target vessel may increase the likelihood of endoleaks post implantation.
During general handling of the Xcelerant Delivery System, avoid bending or kinking the graft cover because it may cause the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft to prematurely and improperly deploy.
It is not recommended to position the device higher in the presence of excessive calcification or thrombus, due to the increased risk of dislodging material during distal repositioning of the Stent Graft.
Do not advance the Talent Thoracic System with an exposed proximal stent as it may lead to misaligned deployment and/or aortic perforation. In the first 10 years of clinical experience (OUS-commercial and US­investigational), there were 10 reported events of misaligned opening/deployment and 8 reported events of aortic perforation.
The proximal edge of the covered portion of the Stent Graft should not be placed beyond the origin of the left common carotid artery (i.e., Zone 0 or Zone 1, See Figure 6).
Ensure that the proximal and distal springs are placed in an adequate landing zone comprised of healthy tissue. Healthy tissue is defined as tissue without evidence of circumferential thrombus, intramural hematoma, dissection, ulceration, and/or aneurysmal involvement. Failure to do so may result in inadequate exclusion or vessel damage, including perforation.
The retrieval of the tip must be carefully monitored with fluoroscopic Guidance to ensure that the tip does not cause the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft to be inadvertently pulled down.
Any endoleak left untreated during the implantation procedure must be carefully followed after implantation.
5.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
MRI may be used on the graft only under specific conditions. See Section 13.5: MRI INFORMATION for details.
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6.0 Potential Adverse Events
Adverse events associated with use of the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System include, but are not limited to the following:
Amputation
Aneurysm Enlargement
Balloon rupture
Breakage of the metal portion of the device
Cardiac Failure/Infarction
Change in mental status
Conversion to open surgery
Death
Deployment difficulties
Edema
Embolization
Endoleak
Erectile Dysfunction
Erosion with fistula or pseudoaneurysm
Failure to deploy
Gastrointestinal complications, including: adynamic ileus, bowel (ileus, transient ischemic, infarction, necrosis)
Graft twisting and/or kinking
Hemorrhage/Bleeding
Inaccurate placement
Infection and fever
Insertion and removal difficulties
Intercostal pain
Neurological complications, including: spinal cord ischemia with paraplegia, paraparesis and/or paresthesia,
Cerebral Vascular Accidents (CVA), Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA), neuropathy, and blindness
Prosthetic thrombosis
Pulmonary complications
Renal failure
Rupture of graft material
Ruptured vessel/aneurysm sac enlargement
Stent graft migration
Vascular complications including: thrombosis, thromboembolism, occlusion (arterial and venous), vessel
dissection
Wound healing complications
Major Adverse Events observed in the VALOR Test Group are provided in Section 7.5.1 (page 23)
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or perforation, collateral vessel occlusion, vascular ischemia, tissue necrosis, amputation
6.1 Adverse Event Reporting
Any adverse event (clinical incident) involving the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System should be reported to Medtronic immediately. To report an incident, call (800) 465-5533 (in the US).
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Aortic dissection is an infrequent but recognized risk of endovascular repair. In the first 10 years of clinical experience (OUS-commercial and US-investigational), there were 39 reported events of retrograde dissection in patients. Of the 39 reported events, 33 patients had a pre-existing aortic dissection
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7.0 Summary of Pivotal US Clinical Study
The VALOR Pivotal Study (VALOR Test Group) was a multi-center, non-randomized clinical study conducted within the United States in order to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System when used in the treatment of subjects with descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (fusiform aneurysms and saccular aneurysms/penetrating ulcers). For the VALOR Test Group, 38 sites enrolled a total of 195 subjects. The primary safety endpoint was All-Cause Mortality at one year. The All-Cause Mortality rate of TAA repair with the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft was to be compared to the literature All-Cause Mortality rate for open surgical TAA repair, within one year of the initial procedure. The primary effectiveness endpoint, Successful Aneurysm Treatment 80%, derived from a control population from the Feasibility studies totaling 21 subjects with 1 year of follow-up, all of whom met the protocol definition of Successful Aneurysm Treatment.
In the VALOR Test Group, analysis of the primary endpoints used follow-up visits at 1, 6 and 12 months after the implant procedure and annually for a total of 5 years from the date of the initial implant. Clinical sites sent CT/MR and chest X-ray (CXR) images to an independent Core Laboratory to provide an assessment of patient data through one year post implantation. All major adverse events (MAEs) were adjudicated by an independent Clinical Events Committee (CEC) for device and procedure relatedness.
Original Literature Control
The original literature control compared the All-Cause Mortality rate of TAA repair of the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft with the literature All-Cause Mortality rate for open surgical TAA repair, within one year of the initial procedure. Based on the adequacy of information regarding disease etiology, length of follow-up information and definition of events, three articles were chosen, from which 608 subjects had atherosclerotic lesions that accurately fit the VALOR Test Group’s intended patient population of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms. Of the 608 patients, the number of patients surviving at 12 months was estimated from the 12 month rates given in the Kaplan-Meier curves included in each article. Using this method, 181 patients were estimated to have died within one year, establishing an All-Cause Mortality rate of 29.8%. The result of Primary Safety Endpoint comparison between the VALOR Test Group and the Original Literature Control Group is included in Section 7.5.1 (page 20) below.
Retrospective Open Surgery Control
After the original VALOR Trial was conducted, additional retrospective open surgical data was gathered from selected surgical centers to serve as a comparator for Acute Procedural Outcomes and Acute Adverse Events, as well as to further compare early and 12-Month Mortality and Aneurysm-Related Mortality. This retrospective surgical control group included 189 subjects from 3 centers who matched selected inclusion/exclusion criteria of the VALOR study. The VALOR Test and Retrospective Open Surgery Groups included surgical candidates diagnosed with a thoracic aortic aneurysm of degenerative etiology. The VALOR Test Group candidates were of low to moderate risk (SVS 0, 1, and 2). The Demographics and Baseline Medical History comparison between the VALOR Test Group and Retrospective Open Surgery Group is included in Section 7.2. Baseline Aneurysm Data comparison is included in section 7.3. Safety information is compared in section 7.5.1 (page 21 onwards) and effectiveness data and procedural result comparison is provided in section 7.5.2 and 7.5.3.
2
, was compared to a fixed rate of
2
Successful Aneurysm Treatment was a composite endpoint defined as no aneurysm growth greater than 5 mm at the 12 month follow-up visit when compared to the one (1) month follow-up visit (after the initial Talent Thoracic Stent Graft implant) AND absence of a Type I endoleak for which a secondary procedure was performed before, at or as a result of the 12 month follow-up visit.
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7.1 Subject Accountability and Follow-up
For the VALOR Test Group, 38 sites enrolled a total of 195 subjects. One (1) subject had technical failure and did not receive a stent graft and therefore did not have any imaging follow-up. Four (4) subjects died and one (1) withdrew from the study before the 1-month visit.
189 subjects were eligible for clinical and imaging follow-up at 1 month follow-up interval. Of these 189 subjects, 80.4% (152/189) had a clinical follow-up. Please note; three (3) additional patients who were not eligible for clinical follow-up had imaging follow-up within the expanded time windows (as footnoted within the Table 3 below).
At the 6 month follow-up interval, 173 subjects were eligible for clinical and imaging follow-up. Of these, 74.0% (128/173) had clinical follow-up and 73.8 % (127/173) had imaging follow-up. CT imaging was performed on 68.2% (118/173) subjects.
At the 12 month follow-up interval, 157 subjects were eligible for clinical and imaging follow-up. Of these 71.3% (112/157) had clinical follow-up and 90.4% (142/157) had imaging follow-up. CT imaging was performed on 82.8% (130/157) patients.
Detailed subject follow-up and accountability for 1, 6, and 12 months is provided in Table 3.
Table 3 - Subject and Imaging Accountability Table–VALOR Test Group Only
Patient follow-up
2
Patients with
imaging
performed at time
interval
(Core Lab)
3
3
3
Patients with adequate
imaging to assess the
3
parameter
3
Patient events occurring before next
4
3
visit
2
Eligible
Clinical
Treatment / Follow-up
Interval
Originally Enrolled 195 1
Events after implant but before
1 Month visit
1 Month 189 152 192 184 189 174 182 161
Events after 1 Month visit but
before 6 Month visit
6 Month 173 128 127 118 114 117 112 117 93
Events after 6 Month visit but
before 12 Month visit
12 Month 157 112 142 130 125 129 123 129 97
0 4 1 0
0 14 2 0
1 13 1 1
Imaging
Follow-up
Follow-up
CT Imaging
Aneurysm
KUB Imaging
Endoleak
size increase
Migration
Integrity
Technical
Failure
Conversion to
Death
Surgery
Withdrawal
1 Data analysis sample size varies for each of the time points above and in following tables. This variability is due to patient availability for follow-
up, as well as, quantity and quality of images available from specific time points for evaluation. For example, the number and quality of images available for evaluation of endoleak at 6 months is different than the number and quality of images available at 12 months due to variation in the number of image exams performed, the number of images provided from the clinical site to the Core Lab, and/or the number of images with acceptable evaluation quality.
2 Protocol-defined time windows were used for clinical follow-up and patient events
1-month : 16days to 44 days 6 month: 153 days to 213 days 12-month: 335 days to 395 days
3 Expanded time windows were used for Imaging follow-up and assessment of imaging-dependant parameters
1-month: 0 days to 122 days 6 month: 153 days to 213 days 12-month: 335 days to 480 days for CT, Endoleak and Aneurysm size increase 335 days to 760days for X-ray and Integrity
4 Number of subjects evaluable for migration assessment were based on CT performed in windows and Slice interval and thickness <5mm for
10mm evaluation
Lost to
Follow-up
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7.2 Demographics and Baseline Medical History
Table 4 to Table 7; provide the demographics of the VALOR Test Group and Retrospective Open Surgery Group subjects.
Table 4 - Subject Demographics: VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery Group
VALOR Test Group
AGE
Total Population
Mean ± SD (years) 70.2 ± 11.1 69.6 ± 9.1 0.528
Mean ± SD (years) 69.3 ± 11.7 69.9 ± 8.5 0.680
Mean ± SD (years) 71.6 ± 10.1 69.3 ± 9.8 0.130
Gender
Ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic 83.1% (162) 93.7% (177) Black- non-Hispanic 12.8% (25) 5.8% (11)
Hispanic (White or
Asian/Pacific Islander 1.0% (2) 0% (0)
Native American 0% (0) 0% (0)
1
One subject had Ethnicity specified as “None given”
N 195 189
Median 73.0 71.0
Min-Max 27 - 86 27 - 85
Male
N 115 99
Median 72.0 71.0
Min-Max 27 - 85 40 - 84
Female
N 80 90
Median 74.0 71.0
Min-Max 38 - 86 27 - 85
Males 59.0% (115) 52.4% (99)
Females 41.0% (80) 47.6% (90)
Black)
Other 0.5% (1) 1 0% (0)
2.6% (5) 0.5% (1)
Retrospective Open
Surgery
p-value
0.218
0.007
Table 5 - Subject Anatomic Lesion Type: VALOR Test Group Only
Thoracic Lesion
Fusiform 112 57.4
Saccular/Penetrating Ulcer 70 35.9
Both 13 6.7
Note;
The Retrospective Open Surgery Group did not provide patient level data for Anatomic Lesion Type treated.
N %
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Table 6 - Baseline Medical History: VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery Group
Body System / Condition
VALOR Test Group
% (m/n)
1
Retrospective Open
Surgery
1
% (m/n)
p-value
Cardiovascular
Angina 14.4% (28/195) 22.8% (26/114) 0.064
Arrhythmias 26.7% (52/195) 20.3% (37/182) 0.182
Carotid artery disease 5.6% (11/195) Not Available N/A
Congestive heart failure (CHF) 8.7% (17/195) 11.2% (21/187) 0.495
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) 10.3% (20/195) 13.3% (25/188) 0.428
Coronary artery disease (CAD) 40.5% (79/195) 49.2% (91/185) 0.099
Hypertension 87.2% (170/195) 88.8% (166/187) 0.641
Myocardial infarction (MI) 13.8% (27/195) 20.9% (39/187) 0.079
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 5.6% (11/195) Not Available N/A
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) 16.4% (32/195) 37.4% (70/187) <0.001
Symptomatic thoracic aortic aneurysm 26.2% (51/195) Not Available N/A
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) 19.0% (37/195) 37.0% (70/189) <0.001
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair 2.1% (4/195) 27.5% (52/189) <0.001
Gastrointestinal conditions 53.8% (105/195) Not Available N/A
Renal insufficiency 17.4% (34/195) 16.0% (30/187) 0.784
Musculoskeletal conditions 53.8% (105/195) Not Available N/A
Neurological
Cerebral vascular accident (CVA) 9.7% (19/195) 13.4% (25/186) 0.267
Paraplegia 1.0% (2/195) 0.5% (1/186) 1.000
Paraparesis 0.5% (1/195) Not Available N/A
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) 7.7% (15/195) Not Available N/A
Pulmonary
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 36.9% (72/195) 42.6% (80/188) 0.296
Tobacco use 76.9% (150/195) 75.9% (142/187) 0.904
Other abnormal body systems
Hyperlipidemia 43.6% (85/195) Not Available N/A
Diabetes 15.9% (31/195) 8.6% (16/187) 0.030
Bleeding disorders 2.6% (5/195) Not Available N/A
1m = number in category, n = number of known values
Table 7 - Baseline Modified SVS Classification: VALOR Test Group Only
n
SVS 0 % (m)
SVS 1 % (m)
SVS 2
% (m)
SVS 3 % (m)
Modified SVS 195 4.1% (8) 21.0% (41) 72.8% (142) 2.1% (4)
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7.3 Baseline Aneurysm Data
Table 8 lists the initial aneurysm diameter sizes treated.
Table 8 - Baseline Maximum Aneurysm Diameters: VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery
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VALOR Test Group
Aneurysm
Diameter (mm)
Site-Reported
% (m / n)
1
Core Lab Reported
% (m / n)
2
Retrospective Open Surgery
%(m/n)
10-17 0% (0/188) 0% (0/187) 0% (0/189)
18-29 0% (0/188) 0.5% (1/187) 0% (0/189)
30-39 4.3% (8/188) 7.5% (14/187) 0% (0/189)
40-49 10.6% (20/188) 20.3% (38/187) 0.5% (1/189)
50-59 34.6% (65/188) 34.8% (65/187) 13.8% (26/189)
60-69 33.5% (63/188) 24.6% (46/187) 40.7% (77/189)
70-79 12.2% (23/188) 10.2% (19/187) 24.3% (46/189)
80-89 3.2% (6/188) 2.1% (4/187) 16.9% (32/189)
90-99 1.1% (2/188) 0% (0/187) 0.5% (1/189)
100-109 0.5% (1/188) 0% (0/187) 1.6% (3/189)
110-119 0% (0/188) 0% (0/187) 0.5% (1/189)
120+ 0% (0/188) 0% (0/187) 1.1% (2/189)
1 Denominator is 188 subjects with site reported data.
2 Denominator is 187 subjects with evaluable scans. 3 This p-value represents a Monte Carlo estimate of the p-value for the exact Mantel-Haenszel Chi-
Square test for trend, based on 100,000 Monte Carlo repetitions.
p-value
Site-Reported
VALOR vs.
Retrospective
Open Surgery
<0.001
3
Table 9 - Baseline Vessel Dimensions (Core Lab Reported): VALOR Test Group Only
1
Vessel Dimensions (mm) n
Mean ± SD Median Min Max
Proximal neck diameter 187 31.2 ± 4.9 31.5 18.5 43.5
Aneurysm diameter 187 55.5 ± 11.6 56.0 26.2 88.8
Distal neck diameter 184 29.7 ± 5.0 29.5 17.0 42.5
Proximal neck length 187 80.0 ± 52.1 77.9 10.0 234.0
Aneurysm length 180 121.4 ± 72.7 107.7 8.0 297.5
Distal neck length 184 90.0 ± 62.9 73.5 9.0 255.0
Right external iliac minimum diameter 122 6.5 ± 1.5 6.5 2.9 11.0
Left external iliac minimum diameter 124 6.6 ± 1.5 6.5 3.3 10.9
1 Denominators are n specified from readable scans.
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7.4 Devices Implanted
Table 10 provides details on the number of devices implanted per subject for the VALOR Test Group.
Table 10- Number of Devices Implanted at Initial Procedure: VALOR Test Group Only
Devices Implanted
Number per subject % (m)1
0
1 19.5% (38)
2 28.7% (56)
3 24.6% (48)
4 17.4% (34)
5 7.2% (14)
6 1.5% (3)
7+ 0.5% (1)
1
m= number of subjects implanted & percentages based on total number of
enrolled subjects (N=195)
Table 11 cross-tabulates the 194 subjects in the VALOR Test Group, who had Talent Stent Grafts implanted by the number of main sections and the number of extensions. For example, 38 subjects had a single main section implanted and no extensions, and 5 subjects had one main section and one extension. Similarly, 51 subjects had two main sections and no extensions and 6 had two main sections and one extension.
0.5% (1)
Table 11: Number of Main Sections and Number of Extensions Implanted at Initial Procedure: VALOR Test Group
Only
m (%)
1
Number of Extensions
0 1 2 Total
1 38 (19.59%) 5 (2.58%) 1 (0.52%) 44 (22.68%)
2 51 (26.29%) 6 (3.09%) 5 (2.58%) 62 (31.96%)
3 41 (21.13%) 11 (5.67%) 2 (1.03%) 54 (27.84%)
Number of
Main
4 18 (9.28%) 6 (3.09%) 0 (0.00%) 24 (12.37%)
Sections
5 6 (3.09%) 1 (0.52%) 0 (0.00%) 7 (3.61%)
6 2 (1.03%) 1 (0.52%) 0 (0.00%) 3 (1.55%)
Total 156 (80.41%) 30 (15.46%) 8 (4.12%) 194 (100.00%)
1 m= number of subjects with tabulated number of main sections and extensions. Percentages based on total number of
implanted subjects (N=194)
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Table 12 and Table 13 provide details on the components (proximal main devices, proximal extension devices, distal main devices, and distal extension devices) implanted per subject for the VALOR Test Group.
Table 12 - VALOR Test Group: Talent Thoracic Stent Graft Devices Implanted
Diameter (mm)
Proximal Main
% (m)
Stent Graft Modular Component (Number Implanted)
1
Proximal Extension
% (m)
1
Distal Extension
% (m)
22 0.5% (1)
24 1.4% (3)
26 1.9% (4) 0.0% (0) 0.0% (0)
28 2.8% (6) 0.0% (0) 12.0% (3)
30 3.8% (8) 4.8% (1) 4.0% (1)
32 8.1% (17) 14.3% (3) 8.0% (2)
34 11.4% (24) 4.8% (1) 16.0% (4)
36 16.1% (34) 14.3% (3) 8.0% (2)
38 19.4% (41) 19.0% (4) 16.0% (4)
40 11.4% (24) 4.8% (1) 12.0% (3)
42 10.9% (23) 4.8% (1) 8.0% (2)
44 5.2% (11) 9.5% (2) 8.0% (2)
46 7.1% (15) 23.8% (5) 8.0% (2)
Total Catalog Devices
Implanted
211 21 25
1 m=number of subjects implanted with specific type of device within each diameter category & denominator is the
total number of the specific type of device implanted.
1
Table 13- VALOR Test Group: Distal Main Devices Implanted
(mm)
1
Number of Devices
% (m)
2
Diameters
26 – 22 0.4% (1)
28 – 24 0.8% (2)
30 – 26 0.8% (2)
32 – 28 0.4% (1)
34 – 30 2.3% (6)
36 – 32 5.4% (14)
38 – 34 14.0% (36)
40 – 36 16.3% (42)
42 – 38 19.8% (51)
44 – 40 15.1% (39)
46 – 42 14.3% (37)
46 – 44 10.5% (27)
1 Proximal – distal. 2 m=number of subjects implanted and the denominator is 258
implanted distal main devices.
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7.5 Study Results
Results of the safety and effectiveness of the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft are provided in Section 7.5.1 to Section7.5.3.
7.5.1 Safety
Primary Safety Endpoint
All-Cause Mortality at One Year: Talent Thoracic vs. Original Literature Control
The primary safety endpoint was All-Cause Mortality at 12 months. Based on the test of superiority of the All-Cause Mortality rate in the Test Group to that of the original literature control group with an All-Cause Mortality rate of 181 of 608 subjects, or 29.8% (H pre-specified performance goal of 29.8%. The primary safety endpoint of the VALOR Study was met.
Through one year, subjects who received the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft experienced an All-Cause Mortality rate of
16.1% and the subjects who underwent open surgery experienced a rate of 29.8%.
0
: P
TestArm
P
SurgicalGroup
versus HA: P
TestArm
< P
SurgicalGroup
), the VALOR Test Group subjects met the
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All-Cause Mortality at 30 days and 12 months: Talent Thoracic vs. Retrospective Open Surgery Group
Table 14 and Figure 7 describe the 30-day mortality rates for the VALOR Test Group as compared to the Retrospective Open Surgery Group. The VALOR Test Group experienced a lower rate of early mortality (2% vs. 8%).
An analysis of freedom from All-Cause Mortality was performed, and a Kaplan-Meier plot of subject freedom from All­Cause Mortality is provided in Table 14 and Figure 7.
Table 14- All-Cause Mortality at 30 Days and 12 months: VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery
VALOR Test Group
% (m/n)
Retrospective Open
Surgery
% (m/n)
95% Exact Confidence
Interval of
Difference
1,2
All-cause mortality at 30 days 2.1% (4/195) 7.9% (15/189) (-10.9%, -1.3%)
All-cause mortality at 12 months 16.1% (31/192) 20.6% (39/189)3 (-12.4%, -3.4%)
1 Confidence level was not adjusted for multiplicity. Confidence interval for difference (VALOR Test Group –
Retrospective Open Surgery group) in percentage was calculated by the exact method.
2 Difference represents the (% of patients with mortality from any cause within the period in the population treated
with the test device) - (% of patients with mortality from any cause within the period in the population treated with open surgery)
3 Of the 39 deaths, this data includes both information from the reporting centers and queries of the National Social
Security Death Index database
Figure 7- Kaplan-Meier Plot of Freedom from All Cause Mortality at 30 Days and 12 Months: VALOR Test Group
vs. Retrospective Open Surgery Group
98.0%
100
90
80
70
±1.0%
83.9% ±2.6%
92.1% ±2.0%
79.4% ±2.9%
60
50
40
30
20
Number at risk Valor
10
190 176 161 Open Surgery 174 157 149
0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390
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Table 15: Details of Kaplan-Meier Plot of Freedom from All Cause Mortality at 30 Days and 12 Months: VALOR
No. at Risk 195 190 176 189 174 157
No. of Events 4 13 14 15 17 7
No. Censored 1 1 1 0 0 1
Kaplan-Meier Estimate 0.980 0.912 0.839 0.921 0.831 0.794
Test Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery Group
VALOR Test Group Retrospective Open Surgery
Treatment to 30 days
31 days to 182 days
183 days to 365 days
Treatment to 30 days
31 days to 182 days
183 days to 365 days
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Secondary Safety Endpoints
Major Adverse Events (MAE) at 30 days: VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery Group
Adverse events were categorized by severity in the VALOR Trial and in the Retrospective Open Surgery Group using the following definitions. A Major Adverse Event (MAE) was defined as the occurrence of any of the following:
Death:
o due to complications of the procedure, including bleeding, vascular repair, transfusion reaction, or
conversion to open surgical TAA repair
o within 30 days of the baseline implant or surgical procedure
Respiratory complications (atelectasis / pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary edema, respiratory failure)
Renal complications (renal failure, renal insufficiency)
Cardiac: MI, unstable angina, new arrhythmia, exacerbation of congestive heart failure (CHF)
Neurological: new CVA / embolic events, paraplegia / paraparesis
Aneurysm rupture
Gastrointestinal: bowel ischemia
Major bleeding complication (procedural or post-procedural), coagulopathy
Vascular complications
Table 16 is a comparison of 30-day MAE for Talent Thoracic subjects versus the Retrospective Open Surgical Group.
Table 16 - Summary of Major Adverse Events for VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery Group (30
days)
Retrospective Open
Surgery
Major Adverse Events
0-30 days % (m/n)
N=1891
95% Exact Confidence Interval of Difference
2,3
Category
VALOR Test Group
Major Adverse Events
0-30 days % (m/n)
N=195
Any MAE 41.0% (80/195) 84.4% (151/179) (-51.9%, -34.2%)
Respiratory complications 13.3% (26/195) 46.9% (84/179) (-42.2%, -24.6%)
Renal complications 6.2% (12/195) 29.1% (52/179) (-30.6%, -15.3%)
Cardiac complications 12.3% (24/195) 44.7% (80/179) (-41.0%, -23.5%)
Neurological complications 11.8% (23/195) 20.1% (36/179) (-16.0%, -0.7%)
GI complications 1.0% (2/195) 0.6% (1/179) (-2.1%, 3.2%)
Bleeding complications 15.4% (30/195) 48.0% (86/179) (-41.7%, -23.4%)
Vascular complications 21.0% (41/195) 12.3% (22/179) (1.1%, 16.5%)
Target Lesion Aneurysm Rupture 0.0% (0/195) 0.6% (1/179) (-3.1%, 1.4%)
1 10 patients were followed for less than 16 days without MAE so were eliminated from the analysis 2 Confidence level was not adjusted for multiplicity. Confidence interval for difference (VALOR Test Group –
Retrospective Open Surgery group) in percentage was calculated by the exact method.
3 Difference represents the (% of patients free from MAEs within 30 days in the population treated with the test device)
- (% of patients free from MAEs within 30 days in the population treated with open surgery)
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One or more Major Adverse Events were reported in 80 of the 195 VALOR Test Group subjects available for evaluation, resulting in a probability of freedom from Major Adverse Events of 59%. In the Retrospective Open Surgery group, 151 of the 179 subjects had one or more Major Adverse Events, resulting in a freedom from Major Adverse Event rate of 15.6% in this group.
Table 17- Freedom from Major Adverse Events (MAE) at 30 days: VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open
Parameter VALOR Test Group
Number of subjects at start 195 179
Number of subjects with one or more events 80 151
Probability of freedom from event 59.0% 15.6% (34.2%, 51.9%)
1 Confidence level was not adjusted for multiplicity. Confidence interval for difference (VALOR Test Group –
Retrospective Open Surgery group) in percentage was calculated by the exact method.
2 Difference represents the (% of patients free from MAEs within 30 days in the population treated with the test device)
- (% of patients free from MAEs within 30 days in the population treated with open surgery)
Surgery Group
Retrospective Open Surgery
95% Exact Confidence Interval of Difference
Figure 8 provides the Kaplan-Meier analysis of Freedom from Major Adverse Events at 30 Days: VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery
1,2
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Figure 8 – Kaplan-Meier Plot of Freedom from Major Adverse Events at 30 Days: VALOR Test Group vs.
Retrospective Open Surgery
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Number at risk VALOR 122 118 114
0
Open Surgery 47 29 28
59.0% ± 3.5%
19.6% ± 2.9%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Table 18: Details of Kaplan-Meier Plot of Freedom from Major Adverse Events at 30 Days: VALOR Test Group vs.
Retrospective Open Surgery
VALOR Test Group Retrospective Open Surgery
Treatment
to 5 days
6 days to 15
days
16 days to
30 days
Treatment
to 5 days
6 days to 15
days
16 days to
30 days
No. at Risk 195 122 118 189 47 29
No. of Events 73 4 3 141 9 1
No. Censored 0 0 1 1 9 0
Kaplan-Meier Estimate 0625 0.605 0.590 0.254 0.203 0.196
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Serious Major Adverse Events: VALOR Test Group Only
VALOR MAEs were further stratified into more clinically severe events: Serious Major Adverse Events (Serious MAEs). These Serious MAEs were fatal, life-threatening, required in-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, caused persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or resulted in a congenital anomaly/birth defect.
Major Adverse Events (MAE) were reviewed by the CEC and adjudicated as either device- and/or procedure-related as per the study protocol. A Major Adverse Event (MAE) that was identified as a Serious Adverse Event (SAE) by the clinical Investigator was defined as a Serious MAE.
The total number of subjects with one or more Serious MAEs in each category is summarized in Table 19.
Table 19 -Summary of Serious Major Adverse Events from VALOR Test Group Only
0-30 days % (m)
Category
N=195
Serious Major
Adverse Events
Any Serious MAE 30.3% (59/195)
Respiratory complications 6.7% (13/195)
Renal complications 3.6% (7/195)
Cardiac complications 5.1% (10/195)
Neurological complications 9.7% (19/195)
GI complications 0.5% (1/195)
Bleeding complications 13.3% (26/195)
Vascular complications 9.2% (18/195)
Target Lesion Aneurysm Rupture
0.0% (0/195)
0-30 days
95% Exact CI
(23.9%, 37.2%)
(3.6%, 11.1%)
(1.5%, 7.3%)
(2.5%, 9.2%)
(6.0%, 14.8%)
(0.0%, 2.8%)
(8.9%, 18.9%)
(5.6%, 14.2%)
(0.0%, 1.9%)
0-365 days % (m)
1
N=192
Serious Major
Adverse Events
42.7% (82/192)
15.1% (29/192)
6.8% (13/192)
12.0% (23/192)
13.5% (26/192)
1.0% (2/192)
14.6% (28/192)
10.4% (20/192)
0.5% (1/192)
0-365 days
95% Exact CI
(35.6%, 50.0%)
(10.4%, 21.0%)
(3.7%, 11.3%)
(7.7%, 17.4%)
(9.0%, 19.2%)
(0.1%, 3.7%)
(9.9%, 20.4%)
(6.5%, 15.6%)
(0.0%, 2.9%)
1 Confidence level was not adjusted for multiplicity. Confidence interval for the percentage was calculated by the exact
(binomial) method.
During the VALOR Study, 59 of 195 evaluable subjects had one or more Serious Major Adverse Events within 30 days, giving a rate of Serious MAEs within 30 days of 30.3% (95% CI 23.9-37.2%). Eighty-two (82) of 192 evaluable subjects had one or more Serious MAEs within 12 months, providing a Serious MAE rate of 42.7% (95% CI 35.6-50.0%).
1
Table 20- Freedom from Serious Major Adverse Events (MAE) at 30 days and 12-months: VALOR Test Group Only
Parameter
Talent Thoracic
Serious MAE at 30 days Serious MAE at 12-months
Number of subjects at start 195 1921
Number of subjects with one or more events 59 82
Probability of freedom from event 69.7% 57.3%
Exact 95% confidence interval for freedom from
2
event
(62.7%, 76.1%) (49.1%, 63.4%)
1 192 subjects followed for the required time frame.
2 Confidence level was not adjusted for multiplicity. Confidence interval for the percentage was calculated by the
exact (binomial) method.
26
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Figure 9 – Kaplan-Meier Plot of Freedom from Serious Major Adverse Events: VALOR Test Group Only
100
90
80
70
60
50
57.5%
± SE 3.6%
40
30
20
10
0
Table 21: Details of Kaplan-Meier Plot of Freedom from Serious Major Adverse Events: VALOR Test Group Only
No. at Risk 195 135 118
No. of Events 59 13 10
_____ VALOR
Number at risk: 135 118 103
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390
VALOR Test Group
Treatment to 30 days 31 days to 182 days 183 days to 365 days
No. Censored 1 4 5
Kaplan-Meier Estimate 0.697 0.629 0.575
27
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Aneurysm-Related Mortality
Table 22 and Figure 10 provide Aneurysm-Related Mortality information for the VALOR Test and Retrospective Open Surgery Groups. An analysis of freedom from Aneurysm-Related Mortality was performed, and a Kaplan-Meier plot of subject freedom from Aneurysm-Related Mortality is provided in Figure 10.
Table 22- Aneurysm-Related Mortality at 12 Months: VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery Group
Retrospective
Open Surgery
% (m/n)
2
95% Exact Confidence Interval of Difference
Aneurysm-Related Mortality at 12 Months
VALOR Test Group
1
% (m/n)
3.1% (6/192) 11.6% (22/189) (-14.2%, -2.9%)
1 Aneurysm-related mortality was defined as any death within 30 days from initial implantation or occurring as a
consequence of an aneurysm rupture, a conversion to open repair, or any other secondary endovascular procedure relative to the aneurysm that was treated by the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System as evidenced by CT, angiography or direct observation at surgery or autopsy. Excluded are aneurysms in anatomic areas other than the targeted segment treated by the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System.
2 The definition for Aneurysm Related Mortality for the Retrospective Open Surgery Group was any death within 30
days from the surgical procedure or any death caused by reintervention of the targeted aortic segment, or by complications related to the graft or the procedure (i.e., graft infections, rupture, pseudoaneurysm, aorto-eophageal fistula, aorto-bronchial fistula, etc.)
3 Confidence level was not adjusted for multiplicity. Confidence interval for difference (VALOR Test Group –
Retrospective Open Surgery group) in percentage was calculated by the exact method.
4 Difference represents the (% of patients with aneurysm-related mortality within 12 months in the population treated
with the test device) - (% of patients with aneurysm-related mortality within 12 months in the population treated with open surgery)
3,4
28
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Figure 10 – Kaplan-Meier Plot of Freedom from Aneurysm-Related Mortality at 12 Months: VALOR Test Group vs.
Retrospective Open Surgery Group
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
Number at risk
10
VALOR 190 176 161 Open Surgery
0
174 157 149
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390
96.9% ±1.3%
88.3% ±2.3%
Table 23: Details of Kaplan-Meier Plot of Freedom from Aneurysm-Related Mortality at 12 Months: VALOR Test
Treatment
to 30 days
No. at Risk 195 190 176 189 174 157
No. of Events 4 1 1 15 7 0
No. Censored 1 13 14 0 10 8
Kaplan-Meier Estimate 0.980 0.974 0.969 0.921 0.883 0.883
Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery Group
VALOR Test Group Retrospective Open Surgery
31 days to
182 days
183 days to
365 days
Treatment
to 30 days
31 days to
182 days
183 days to
365 days
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7.5.2 Effectiveness
Primary Effectiveness Endpoint: Successful Aneurysm Treatment
The primary effectiveness endpoint was met. This endpoint, Successful Aneurysm Treatment, was a composite endpoint consisting of:
No aneurysm growth greater than 5 mm at the 12 month follow-up visit when compared to the one (1) month follow-up visit as assessed by the Core Lab (after the initial Talent Thoracic Stent Graft implant); and
Absence of a Type I endoleak as assessed by the Core Lab for which a secondary procedure was performed before, at or as a result of the 12 month follow-up visit.
The rate of Successful Aneurysm Treatment in the VALOR Test Group, 89.2%, was higher than the 80% comparator (which was based on earlier feasibility studies). As shown is Table 24, the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft achieved a successful aneurysm treatment rate of 89.2%. Table 25 provides details regarding subjects who have failed the successful aneurysm treatment endpoint.
Table 24- Primary Effectiveness Endpoint: Successful Aneurysm Treatment: VALOR Test Group
Primary Effectiveness Endpoint
Successful Aneurysm Treatment at 12 months
% (m / n)
[95% CI]
1
89.2% (116/130)
[82.6% – 94.0%]
95% Exact
Confidence Interval
2
1 Eligible subjects for Successful Aneurysm Treatment required images depicting a one and
twelve month aneurysm size, or had a Type I endoleak which required endovascular repair to be included in the analysis. Twenty-nine (29) subjects were missing a 12 month image at the Core Lab and were excluded from this analysis.
2 Confidence level was not adjusted for multiplicity. Confidence interval for the percentage was
calculated by the exact (binomial) method.
Table 25- Summary of Subjects with Primary Effectiveness Failure: VALOR Test Group
Subjects with Primary Effectiveness Failure
n
Aneurysm growth > 5mm 101
Type I endoleak requiring re-intervention 3
Aneurysm growth > 5mm and
12
Type I endoleak requiring re-intervention
1 Of the 10 subjects, four (4) had secondary procedures. Of the remaining six (6)
subjects, one (1) patient died of cardiac arrest at approximately 24 months, and one died of cirrhosis at 14 months.
2 This subject is alive at 24 months
30
Other Effectiveness Data
Table 26 summarizes the other secondary endpoints from the VALOR Study.
Table 26 - Other Effectiveness Data: VALOR Test Group Only
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Secondary Endpoint
Successful deployment and delivery of the stent graft at implantation 99.5% (194/195)2 (97.2%, 100.0%)
Secondary procedures due to endoleak at 30 days 0.0% (0/194) (0.0%, 1.9%)
Conversion to open surgical repair within 12 months post-implantation 0.5% (1/192)3 (0.0%, 2.9%)
Aneurysm rupture within 12 months post-implantation 0.5% (1/192)4 (0.0%, 2.9%)
Stent graft migration between 1 and 12 months 3.9% (4/103)5 (1.1%, 9.6%)
Proximal stent graft migration > 10 mm proximally
Proximal stent graft migration > 10 mm distally
Distal stent graft migration > 10 mm proximally
Distal stent graft migration > 10 mm distally
1 Confidence level was not adjusted for multiplicity. Confidence interval for the percentage was calculated by the exact
(binomial) method. 2 One (1) subject did not receive a stent graft due to extensive disease and heavy calcification of the iliac arteries. 3 One (1) subject was converted to surgery. The stent graft was explanted 9 months post initial procedure due to an apparent
infection in the stented segment of the aorta. 4 One (1) subject experienced aneurysm rupture at the distal thoracic aorta, at the stent graft seal zone. Review of CT scans
by the Core Lab revealed patient had a thoraco-abdominal aneurysm rather than an isolated descending thoracic aneurysm
as well as an inadequate distal landing zone. 5 Migration is defined as proximal or distal movement of the stent graft (>10mm) relative to fixed anatomic landmarks. The 1-
month CTA/MRA was used as the baseline for this determination.
Two (2) subjects had no MAEs due to their device migration
One (1) subject underwent a secondary procedure at Day 273. Two additional proximal main devices were implanted to
resolve migration and cover a pseudoaneurysm. Repair was successful
One (1) subject had no MAEs due to their device migration. Subject underwent a planned AAA open repair at approximately 2 months and expired at approximately 14 months from cirrhosis
Incidences
% (m / n)
0.0% (0/103) (0.0%, 3.5%)
1.9% (2/103) (0.2%, 6.8%)
1.9% (2/103) (0.2%, 6.8%)
0.0% (0/103) (0.0%, 3.5%)
95% Exact CI1
31
Table 26 - Other Effectiveness Data: VALOR Test Group Only (Continued)
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Incidences
Secondary Endpoint
% (m / n)
All endoleaks at 12 months (Core Lab reported) 12.2% (15/123)
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Unknown
4.9% (6/123)
4.9% (6/123)
0.0% (0/123)
0.0% (0/123)
2.4% (3/123)
Secondary procedures due to endoleak between 31 days and 365 days 6.5% (12/186)8
Loss of patency of the stent graft at 12 months 0% (0/107)
Loss of stent graft integrity at 12 months9 2.1% (2/97)10
6
7
95% Exact CI
(7.0%, 19.3%)
(1.8%, 10.3%)
(1.8%, 10.3%)
(0.0%, 3.0%)
(0.0%, 3.0%)
(0.5%, 7.0%)
(3.4%, 11.0%)
(0.0%, 3.4%)
(0.3%, 7.3%)
Change in maximum aneurysm diameter from 1 month image
Increase > 5 mm
Stable
Decrease > 5 mm
8.5% (11/129) (4.3%, 14.7%)
67.4% (87/129) (58.6%, 75.4%)
24.0% (31/129) (16.9%, 32.3%)
1 Confidence level was not adjusted for multiplicity. Confidence interval for the percentage was calculated by the exact
(binomial) method. 6 None of the six (6) subjects with Type I endoleak underwent secondary procedure within 12 months 7 One (1) of the six (6) subjects with Type II endoleak underwent a secondary procedure at 140 days 8 The 12 subjects who received a secondary endovascular procedure are characterized as follows, all secondary repairs
were successful:
Two (2) patients had endoleaks detected at day 6 and 35, with secondary procedures at Day 84 and 186, respectively. Proximal mains were placed to correct Type I endoleaks (proximal).
One (1) patient had endoleak detected at day 55, with secondary procedure at Day 334. Proximal extension was placed to correct Type I endoleak (proximal).
Four (4) patients had endoleak detected at days 22, 29, 33 and 38, with secondary procedures at Day 140, 203, 116 and 253, respectively. Distal extensions were placed to correct three Type I endoleaks (distal) and one Type II endoleak.
One (1) patient had endoleak detected at day 8, with secondary procedure at Day 113. Distal mains were placed to correct a Type III endoleak.
Three (3) patients had endoleaks detected at day 19, 27 and 32, with secondary procedures at Day 56, 49 and 42, respectively. Proximal and distal mains were placed to correct one Type I (distal) endoleak and two Type I (proximal) endoleaks.
One (1) patient had endoleak detected at day 155, with secondary procedure at Day 246. Proximal and Distal extensions were placed to correct a Type I (proximal) endoleak.
9 Loss of stent graft integrity is defined as the absence of stent fractures and/or graft fabric defects. 10 Of the two (2) subjects with loss of stent graft integrity, one was due to a nitinol spring fracture and the second was a
connecting bar fracture. Neither subject had any adverse event related to these fractures. Both subjects are alive at 24 months
1
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7.5.3 Supplementary Acute Procedural Data
Table 27 provides the Acute Procedural Data for VALOR Test Group and Retrospective Open Surgery Group. The VALOR Test Group showed reduced blood loss, reduced need for transfusions, as well as shorter ICU and hospital stays when compared to Open Surgery.
Table 27 - Supplementary Acute Procedural Data: VALOR Test Group vs. Retrospective Open Surgery Group
Parameter VALOR Test
Subjects requiring blood transfusion (%) 22.7% (44/194) 93.7% (164/175) (-77.5%, -63.5%)
Blood loss during procedure (ml) (mean ± SD)1 371.2 ± 514.4 3054.9 ± 1702.4 (-2961.1, -2406.2)
Duration of implant procedure (min) (mean ± SD)2 154.2 ± 76.0 303.3 ± 97.6 (-166.9, -131.3)
Time in Intensive Care Unit (hours) for all assessable subjects (mean ± SD)
Overall hospital stay (days) (mean ± SD)4 6.4 ± 11.5 16.7 ± 15.0 (-12.9, -7.5)
1 189 VALOR Test Group subjects and 57 Retrospective Open Surgery subjects had known data for this parameter 2 194 VALOR Test Group subjects and 178 Retrospective Open Surgery subjects had known data for this parameter 3 193 VALOR Test Group subjects and 168 Retrospective Open Surgery subjects had known data for this parameter
4 195 VALOR Test Group subjects and 186 Retrospective Open Surgery subjects had known data for this parameter 5 Confidence level was not adjusted for multiplicity. Confidence intervals for difference (VALOR Test Group-
Retrospective Open Surgery group) in means were calculated using a t-distribution. Confidence intervals for difference (VALOR Test Group-Retrospective Open Surgery group) in percentages were calculated by the exact method. Confidence interval for Time in ICU is not calculated due to a large number of ties in the data (i.e. large number of “0 hours” reported in the Test Group).
6 For Duration of Procedure and Overall Hospital Stay, difference represents the (mean of specific acute procedural
parameter in the population treated with the test device) - (mean of specific acute procedural parameter in the population undergoing open surgical repair). For Patients Requiring Blood Transfusion, difference represents the (% of patients with the specific acute procedural parameter for the population treated with the test device) - (% of patients with the specific acute procedural parameter for the population undergoing open surgical repair).
3
Group
46.8 ± 114.3 185.3 ± 204.7
Retrospective Open Surgery
95% Confidence
Interval of
Difference
5,6
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7.6 VALOR Test Group Results by Lesion Type
The VALOR Test Group consisted of subjects with the following three groups of lesion types
Subjects with fusiform thoracic aneurysms
Subjects with saccular aneurysms and/or penetrating ulcers
Subjects with multiple types of lesions (fusiform thoracic aneurysms and saccular and/or penetrating ulcers)
Section 7.6.1 and 7.6.2, provide demographic and lesion characteristics as well as safety and effectiveness endpoint analysis by lesion type.
7.6.1 Subject Demographics and Lesion Characteristics
Table 28 - Subject Demographics by Lesion Type – VALOR Test Group Only
AGE Total Population
N 112 70 13
Mean ± SD (years) 71.7 ± 9.2 68.0 ± 13.4 69.4 ± 11.9
Median 74.0 72.0 74.0
Min-Max 39 – 86 27 – 85 46 – 85
Male
N 63 44 8
Mean ± SD (years) 70.7 ± 8.9 67.8 ± 14.6 67.1 ± 13.9
Median 73.0 72.0 72.5
Min-Max 50 – 85 27 – 85 46 – 85
Female
N 49 26 5
Mean ± SD (years) 73.1 ± 9.3 68.5 ± 11.5 73.0 ± 7.8
Median 75.0 70.5 75.0
Min-Max 39 – 86 38 – 82 64 – 84
Gender
Males 56.3% (63) 62.9% (44) 61.5% (8)
Females 43.8% (49) 37.1% (26) 38.5% (5)
Ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic 84.8% (95) 81.4% (57) 76.9% (10)
Black- non-Hispanic 12.5% (14) 12.9% (9) 15.4% (2)
Hispanic (White or Black) 1.8% (2) 2.9% (2) 7.7% (1)
Asian/Pacific Islander 0% (0) 2.9% (2) 0% (0)
Native American 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Other 0.9% (1) 1 0% (0) 0% (0)
1 One subject declined providing ethnicity
Fusiform
Saccular /
Penetrating Ulcer
Multiple Lesion
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Table 29 - Baseline Vessel Dimensions by Lesion Type: VALOR Test Group Only (Core Lab Reported1)
Vessel Dimension n Mean ± SD Median Min Max
Proximal Neck Diameter (mm)
Fusiform 107 32.1 ± 4.7 32.5 19.0 43.5
Saccular/Penetrating Ulcer 67 29.8 ± 5.2 30.5 18.5 43.5
Multiple Lesion 13 31.0 ± 4.1 30.0 25.0 37.7
Max Aneurysm Diameter (mm)
Fusiform 107 60.3 ± 9.1 59.0 43.5 88.8
Saccular/Penetrating Ulcer 68 48.0 ± 11.9 44.8 26.2 79.8
Multiple Lesion 12 55.7 ± 7.1 55.7 44.4 71.3
Distal Neck Diameter (mm)
Fusiform 104 31.0 ± 4.8 30.8 18.5 42.0
Saccular/Penetrating Ulcer 67 27.9 ± 4.9 27.5 17.0 42.5
Multiple Lesion 13 28.4 ± 4.5 26.4 22.0 38.0
Proximal Neck Length (mm)
Fusiform 107 82.4 ± 50.9 78.0 12.9 234.0
Saccular/Penetrating Ulcer 67 76.2 ± 56.0 70.0 10.0 214.0
Multiple Lesion 13 79.9 ± 42.2 78.9 18.0 149.0
Aneurysm Length (mm)
Fusiform 101 145.7 ± 71.6 157.9 30.0 297.5
Saccular/Penetrating Ulcer 66 86.8 ± 63.6 63.0 8.0 258.9
Multiple Lesion 13 107.7 ± 49.5 99.0 34.0 186.0
Distal Neck Length (mm)
Fusiform 104 74.1 ± 51.9 62.2 10.9 225.0
Saccular/Penetrating Ulcer 67 114.5 ± 71.3 105.0 9.0 255.0
Multiple Lesion 13 90.7 ± 60.7 66.7 11.9 180.8
Right External Iliac Min Diameter (mm)
Fusiform 71 6.5 ± 1.6 6.3 3.5 11.0
Saccular/Penetrating Ulcer 43 6.7 ± 1.5 6.5 2.9 9.7
Multiple Lesion 8 5.5 ± 1.5 5.4 4.0 7.9
Left External Iliac Min Diameter (mm)
Fusiform 71 6.7 ± 1.5 6.5 4.0 10.9
Saccular/Penetrating Ulcer 45 6.5 ± 1.5 6.5 3.3 9.6
Multiple Lesion 8 5.8 ± 1.5 6.1 3.4 8.0
1 Denominators are n specified from readable scans.
35
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Table 30: Baseline Vessel Shape by Lesion Type (Core Lab Reported1) – VALOR Test Group Only
Vessel Shape Fusiform
% (m/n)
Saccular/Penetrating Ulcer
% (m/n)
Multiple Lesion
% (m/n)
Proximal Neck Shape
Parallel 14.0% (15/107) 41.8% (28/67) 30.8% (4/13)
Funnel 22.4% (24/107) 22.4% (15/67) 23.1% (3/13)
Inverted Funnel 63.6% (68/107) 35.8% (24/67) 46.2% (6/13)
Distal Neck Shape
Parallel 27.9% (29/104) 49.3% (33/67) 46.2% (6/13)
Funnel 54.8% (57/104) 37.3% (25/67) 38.5% (5/13)
Inverted Funnel 17.3% (18/104) 13.4% (9/67) 15.4% (2/13)
1 Denominators are n specified for readable scans
7.6.2 Primary and secondary safety and Effectiveness endpoint Analysis by Lesion Type
Table 31: Primary Safety Endpoint: All Cause Mortality by Lesion Type – VALOR Test Group Only
1
Lesion Type % (m/n) [95% CI]
Fusiform 15.6% (17/109)
[9.4%-23.8%]
Saccular/Penetrating Ulcer 15.7% (11/70)
[8.1%-26.4%]
Multiple Lesion 23.1% (3/13)
[5.0%-53.8%]
1 Confidence level was not adjusted for multiplicity. Confidence interval for the
percentage was calculated by the exact (binomial) method.
Table 32: Primary Effectiveness Endpoint: Successful Aneurysm Treatment by Lesion Type – VALOR Test Group
Only
Lesion Type % (m/n) [95% CI]
1
Fusiform 89.0% (65/73)
[79.5%-95.1%]
Saccular/Penetrating Ulcer 88.2% (45/51)
[76.1%-95.6%]
Multiple Lesion 100.0% (6/6)
[54.1%-100.0%]
1 Confidence level was not adjusted for multiplicity. Confidence interval for the
percentage was calculated by the exact (binomial) method.
36
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Table 33: Summary of Secondary Endpoints by Lesion Type – VALOR Test Group Only
Secondary Endpoints Fusiform
% (m/n) [95% CI]
Successful deployment and delivery
1
of the stent graft
@ Implant 99.1% (111/112)
[95.1%-100.0%]
“All-cause” Mortality
Within 30 Days 0.0% (0/112)
[0.0%-3.2%]
Aneurysm-related Death
Within 12 months 0.9% (1/109)
[0.0%-5.0%]
Paraplegia/paraparesis
Paraplegia @ 30 Days 0.0% (0/112)
[0.0%-3.2%]
Paraparesis @ 30 Days 9.8% (11/112)
[5.0%-16.9%]
Secondary endovascular procedure due to endoleak
Within 30 Days post implantation 0% (0/111)
[0.0%-3.3%] Between 31 days and 12 months post implantation
One or more Major Adverse Events
8.4% (9/107)
[3.9%-15.4%]
(MAE)
Within 30 Days post implantation 46.4% (52/112)
[37.0%-56.1%]
Within 12 Months post implantation 57.8% (63/109)
[48.0%-67.2%]
One or more Serious Major Adverse Events (MAE)
Within 30 Days post implantation 34.8% (39/112)
[26.1%-44.4%]
Within 12 Months post implantation 46.8% (51/109)
[37.2%-56.6%]
Conversion to open surgical repair
Within 12 Months post implantation 0.0% (0/109)
[0.0%-3.3%]
Migration of the stent graft
Migration >10 mm between 1 and 12 months
5.6% (3/54)
[1.2%-15.4%]
Loss of patency of the stent graft
At 12 Month visit 0% (0/60)
[0.0%-6.0%]
Aneurysm rupture
Within 12 Months post implantation 0.9% (1/109)
[0.0%-5.0%]
Endoleaks
At 12 Month visit 13.2% (9/68)
[6.2%-23.6%]
1 Confidence level was not adjusted for multiplicity. Confidence interval for the percentage was calculated
by the exact (binomial) method.
Table 34: Persistent Paraplegia/Paraparesis at 12 Months or last Follow-up by Lesion Type – VALOR Test Group
Only
Safety Endpoint Fusiform
% (m/n) [95% CI]
Paraplegia (at 12 Months or last Follow-up)
Paraparesis (at 12 Months or last Follow-up)
1 Confidence level was not adjusted for multiplicity. Confidence interval for the percentage was calculated by the exact (binomial) method.
0.9% (1/109) [0.0%-5.0%]
5.5% (6/109)
[2.0%-11.6%]
1
Saccular / Penetrating Ulcer % (m/n) [95% CI]
1
100.0% (70/70)
[94.9%-100.0%]
5.7% (4/70)
[1.6%-14.0%]
7.1% (5/70)
[2.4%-15.9%]
2.9% (2/70)
[0.3%-9.9%]
2.9% (2/70)
[0.3%-9.9%]
0% (0/70)
[0.0%-5.1%]
4.5% (3/66)
[0.9%-12.7%]
35.7% (25/70)
[24.6%-48.1%]
48.6% (34/70)
[36.4%-60.8%]
24.3% (17/70)
[14.8%-36.0%]
37.1% (26/70)
[25.9%-49.5%]
0.0% (0/70)
[0.0%-5.1%]
2.3% (1/44)
[0.1%-12.0%]
0% (0/42)
[0.0%-8.4%]
0.0% (0/70)
[0.0%-5.1%]
12.2% (6/49)
[4.6%-24.8%]
Saccular / Penetrating
Ulcer
% (m/n) [95% CI]
1
2.9% (2/70)
[0.3%-9.9%]
0.0% (0/70)
[0.0%-5.1%]
Multiple Lesion
% (m/n) [95% CI]
100.0% (13/13)
[75.3%-100.0%]
0.0% (0/13)
[0.0%-24.7%]
0.0% (0/13)
[0.0%-24.7%]
7.7% (1/13)
[0.2%-36.0%]
7.7% (1/13)
[0.2%-36.0%]
0% (0/13)
[0.0%-24.7%]
0% (0/13)
[0.0%-24.7%]
23.1% (3/13)
[5.0%-53.8%]
46.2% (6/13)
[19.2%-74.9%]
23.1% (3/13)
[5.0%-53.8%]
38.5% (5/13)
[13.9%-68.4%]
7.7% (1/13)
[0.2%-36.0%]
0.0% (0/5)
[0.0%-52.2%]
0% (0/5)
[0.0%-52.2%]
0.0% (0/13)
[0.0%-24.7%]
0.0% (0/6)
[0.0%-45.9%]
Multiple Lesion
% (m/n) [95% CI]
7.7% (1/13)
[0.2%-36.0%]
0.0% (0/13)
[0.0%-24.7%]
1
1
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8.0 Patient Selection
8.1 Individualization of Treatment
Medtronic recommends that Talent Thoracic Stent Graft be used according to the Sizing Guidelines (see Table 35). All lengths and diameters of the devices necessary to complete the procedure should be available to the physician, especially when pre-operative case planning measurements (treatment diameters/lengths) are not certain. This approach allows for greater intraoperative flexibility to achieve optimal procedural outcomes. The warnings and precautions previously described in Section 3.0 should be carefully considered relative to each patient before use of the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System. The risks and benefits should be carefully considered for each patient before use of the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System.
Patient selection factors to be assessed should include but are not limited to:
Patient age and life expectancy
Co-morbidities (e.g., cardiac, pulmonary or renal insufficiency prior to surgery, morbid obesity, etc.)
Patient's suitability for open surgical repair
Patient's anatomical suitability for endovascular repair
The risk of aneurysm rupture compared to the risks of endovascular repair
Ability to tolerate general, regional or local anesthesia
iliac/femoral access vessel morphology (minimal thrombus, calcium and/or tortuosity) that is compatible with vascular
access techniques, devices, and/or accessories;
non-aneurysmal aortic diameter in the range of 18 – 42mm;
non-aneurysmal aortic proximal and distal neck lengths 20mm
the final treatment decision is at the discretion of the physician and patient
9.0
The physician should consider the following points when counseling the patient about this endovascular device and procedure:
Medtronic recommends that physicians use the Medtronic Patient Information Booklet to aid in describing risks associated with use of the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System with the patient. Additionally Medtronic recommends that detailed patient specific risks also be discussed.
10.0
10.1 Sterility
Each Talent Thoracic Stent Graft is individually contained within a Xcelerant Delivery System. The Xcelerant Delivery Systems are sterilized using e-beam and are supplied sterile for single use only.
Do not reuse or attempt to resterilize.
Do not use if package is opened or damaged.
Patient Counseling Information
Differences between endovascular repair and open surgical repair
Risks related to open surgical repair
Risks related to endovascular repair
Pros and cons of open surgical repair and endovascular repair
Endovascular repair is an option with potential advantages related to its minimally invasive approach
It is possible that subsequent endovascular or open surgical repair of the aneurysm may be required
The long term effectiveness of endovascular repair has not been established
Regular follow-up, including imaging of the device, should be performed at least every 6 to 12 months, or more
frequently in subjects with enhanced surveillance needs (see Section 13.0 for additional imaging recommendations)
Details contained in the patient information booklet regarding risks occurring after implantation of the device, e.g., cardiac complications, neurological complications, etc.
Symptoms of aneurysm rupture.
How Supplied
10.2 Contents
The following items are supplied in an envelope with the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System:
One (1) set Device Registration Packet
10.3 Storage
Store at room temperature in a dark, dry place.
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11.0 Clinical Use Information
WARNING: CONSIDER HAVING A SURGICAL TEAM AVAILABLE DURING IMPLANTATION OR REINTERVENTION PROCEDURES IN THE EVENT THAT CONVERSION TO OPEN SURGICAL REPAIR IS NECESSARY.
11.1 Recommended Skills and Training
Physicians performing the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System procedure must be trained in vascular interventional procedures and in the use of this device.
The recommended skill/knowledge requirements for physicians using the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System are outlined below:
11.1.1 Patient Selection
Knowledge of the natural history of thoracic aortic aneurysms and comorbidities associated with thoracic repair
Knowledge of image interpretation, stent graft selection and sizing.
11.1.2 Physician Skills and Experience
Either the individual physician operator or a combined, multidisciplinary team should possess extensive procedural skills and experience with:
Angioplasty
Appropriate use of contrast material
Embolization
Endovascular stent graft placement
Femoral cutdown, arteriotomy, and repair
Live fluoroscopic and angiographic image interpretation
Non-selective and selective catheterization
Snare techniques
Techniques to minimize radiation exposure.
11.2 Materials Recommended for Device Implantation
At the time of surgery, Medtronic recommends that the physicians have available:
Additional Talent Thoracic Stent Grafts of various lengths and diameters which might be needed to customize the implant to fit the anatomy of the individual patient
Assorted angiographic catheters, angioplasty catheters, graduated pigtail catheters
Assorted guidewires of at least 260cm in length
At least one additional Talent Thoracic Stent Graft (of the size intended for implantation) in the event that the device is
damaged during attempted placement
At least two additional Talent Thoracic Stent Grafts (one size larger and one size smaller) in the event that the original measurement underestimated or overestimated the vessel size
Contrast media
Fluoroscope with digital angiography capabilities and the ability to record and recall imaging
Heparin and heparinized saline solution
Intravascular Ultrasound catheter (IVUS)
Introducer sheaths for vascular access to access arteries and to perform diagnostic imaging
Reliant Stent Graft Balloon Catheter and other materials recommended by the Reliant Instructions for Use
NOTE: THE RELIANT STENT GRAFT BALLOON CATHETER IS RECOMMENDED FOR USE WITH THE TALENT
Sterile lubricant
Stiff 0.035” diameter guidewires to support the Xcelerant Thoracic Delivery System in the aortic vasculature
THORACIC STENT GRAFT. DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE FOR USE WITH OTHER BALLOONS FOR REMODELING STENT GRAFTS.
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11.3 Pre-Treatment Planning and Selection of Stent Graft
The specific stent graft diameter used for treatment should be oversized to the non-aneurysmal vessel using the sizing guidelines to ensure appropriate radial fixation. Strict adherence to the sizing guide is strongly recommended when selecting the appropriate device. Table 35, Column 2 describes the stent graft to vessel over-sizing guidelines.
When multiple components are needed to exclude the target lesion, and the component junctions (overlapping connections) will not be supported by the vessel (i.e. in the aneurysm sac), a 4mm oversizing between overlapping stent grafts should be used, as shown in Column 3 of Table 35. If the component junctions will be supported by the vessel, sizing to the supporting native vessel should be used, as described in Table 35, Column 2. Appropriate oversizing has already been incorporated into the recommended sizes, therefore additional oversizing does not need to be incorporated. See
Figure 11 for a depiction of supported and unsupported regions.
Oversizing stent grafts greater than the stated guidelines could lead to endoleak, fracture, migration, infolding, or graft wear. Medtronic is aware of an instance from Talent Thoracic Stent Graft explant observations, in which oversizing of the overlap components beyond the recommended guidelines resulted in a graft material hole and broken sutures.
Undersizing of the stent graft may lead to device migration.
Table 35 - Sizing Guidelines
Column 1
Native Vessel
Diameter
(mm)
18 22 26 19 22 26 20 24 28 21 24 28 22 26 30 23 26 30 24 28 32 25 28, 30 32, 34 26 30 34 27 30, 32 34, 36 28 32 36 29 32, 34 36, 38 30 34 38 31 34, 36 38, 40 32 36 40 33 38 42 34 38 42 35 40 44 36 40 44 37 42 46 38 42 46 39 44 40 44 41 46 42 46
Column 2
Suggested Talent
Graft Diameter
(mm)
Suggested Talent Graft
Diameter for Unsupported
Junction with Graft Sizes
Column 3
from
Column 2
(mm)
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Figure 11 - Regions for Modular Overlaps
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The order of deployment when using multiple stent graft component sections may vary, depending on the diameter of the aorta proximal to and distal to the lesion. Table 36 should be followed to determine the order of deployment when using multiple stent graft component section.
Table 36 - Order of Deployment When Using Multiple Stent Graft Component Sections
Proximal Aortic Diameter =
Distal Aortic Diameter
First Section Implanted (Primary Section)
Second Section Implanted (Additional Section)
Third Section Implanted (Additional Section)
* Use this option when implanting the proximal section first to avoid oversizing beyond the recommendations in Table 35.
NOTE: THE END CONFIGURATION FOR DEPLOYMENT WITHIN AN ADJACENT COMPONENT MUST BE A
CLOSED WEB OR OPEN WEB.
Proximal Main Section implanted at proximal end of lesion
Distal Main Section implanted with correct junction oversizing. Due to tapered configuration of distal main section, this fits a straight aorta correctly.
[Optional] Additional Distal Main Sections or extensions implanted with correct oversizing at junction.
Proximal Aortic Diameter >
Distal Aortic Diameter*
Distal Main Section (or other configuration if more appropriate) implanted at distal end of lesion
Proximal Main Section implanted with correct oversizing at junction with Distal Main Section. Proximal telescoping of devices fits this shape of aorta.
[Optional] Additional Proximal Main Sections or extensions to telescope to fit greater proximal diameter better.
Proximal Aortic Diameter <
Distal Aortic Diameter
Proximal Main Section implanted at proximal end of lesion
Distal Main Section implanted with correct oversizing at junction.
Distal Extension (which is not tapered) to telescope to properly fit diameter of distal landing zone
Caution: An uncovered spring should never be placed inside a covered graft section of another stent graft.
Correct sizing of the aorta and iliac/femoral vessels must be determined before implantation of the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System. Medtronic recommends a Computed Tomography Angiogram (CTA) be performed within 3 months of implantation. These images should be available for review during the procedure.
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12.0 Implantation Instructions
12.1 Pictorial References
For pictorial references of the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft components and Xcelerant Delivery System refer to Figure 1 to Figure 5.
12.2 Vascular Access, Anticoagulation and Initial Angiogram
Step 1- Establish Vascular Access
Establish vascular access for the Xcelerant Delivery System via a small oblique groin incision over the primary access artery. A secondary access should be used for diagnostic and imaging purposes. The choice of the location of the secondary access site is left to the physician’s discretion (contralateral femoral artery, brachial, etc.).
Step 2- Provide Systemic Anticoagulation
To reduce the risk of thromboembolism, it is recommended that patients be anticoagulated for the duration of the procedure to achieve an ACT of 250–300 seconds at the discretion of the physician. Antiplatelet therapy may also be administered at the discretion of the physician.
Step 3- Initial Angiogram
Using continuous fluoroscopy, traverse an 0.035” guidewire and graduated pigtail angiographic catheter (via the secondary access site) to confirm the target landing zones. Pre-operative CTA measurements (length/diameter) should be confirmed with angiographic images at this time. Confirm diameter and length of the selected Talent Thoracic Stent Graft for suitability. The angiographic catheter should be left in place during the procedure to aid in confirming position. During the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft implantation, these images may be used for road-mapping “on the table”.
In order to obtain the most accurate angiogram of the Stent Graft landing zone, the fluoroscope should be positioned such that the arc of the wire appears as “open” as possible. That is, the fluoroscope will be most perpendicular to the target landing zone when the image of the wire angle within the anatomy is as wide as possible.
12.3 Device Preparation
Step 1- Inspection Prior to Use
Carefully inspect the sterile package for damage or defects before opening. Do not use product after the “Use By” date on the package. If the integrity of the sterile package has been compromised prior to the product “Use By” date or the packaging or product is defective, do not use the product and contact your Medtronic representative for return information.
Step 2 – Flush Graft Cover
While holding the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System upright, flush the graft cover using a syringe with heparinized saline solution (tapping the graft cover to aid in releasing air bubbles). Close stopcock and always leave the side port stopcock closed when not in use.
Step 3 – Flush Guidewire Lumen
Flush the guidewire lumen with heparinized saline.
NOTE: ENSURE THE QUICK DISCONNECT IS CONNECTED PRIOR TO USE.
Step 4 – Identify and Align Connecting Bar
Inspect the radiopaque markers on the stent graft to identify positioning of the graft within the sheath. Identify the location of the connecting bar by visualization of the markers described in Section 2.2. Before introducing the system into the patient’s body, turn the delivery system to align the connecting bar with the outer bend of the target vessel for implantation.
CAUTION: FAILURE TO ALIGN THE CONNECTING BAR WITH THE OUTER BEND OF THE TARGET VESSEL
12.4 Device Insertion
Step 1 – Introducing System
CAUTION: MANIPULATION OF WIRES, BALLOONS, CATHETERS, AND ENDOGRAFTS IN THE THORACIC
NOTE: CAREFULLY MONITOR THE PATIENT’S VITAL SIGNS THROUGHOUT THE IMPLANTATION
MAY INCREASE THE LIKELIHOOD OF ENDOLEAKS POST IMPLANTATION.
AORTA MAY LEAD TO VASCULAR TRAUMA INCLUDING AORTIC DISSECTION AND EMBOLIZATION.
PROCEDURE.
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NOTE: THE XCELERANT DELIVERY SYSTEM DOES NOT REQUIRE A SEPARATE INTRODUCER SHEATH FOR
NOTE: IF NECESSARY, OPEN NARROW ILIAC VESSELS WITH PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL
Slowly insert the Xcelerant Delivery System over a 0.035” stiff or super-stiff guidewire (Figure 12). During insertion and advancement, it is important to align the connecting bar with the outside of the most severe bend of the target deployment area. Proper orientation of the connecting bar should be monitored during advancement. Proper alignment is key in order to avoid excessive twisting and manipulation of the Xcelerant Delivery System.
THE PRIMARY ACCESS SITE.
ANGIOPLASTY (PTA) CATHETERS PRIOR TO TALENT THORACIC STENT GRAFT SYSTEM PLACEMENT, OR DILATE VESSELS WITH TAPERED VESSEL DILATORS WITH A STEP-UP APPROACH. ALTERNATIVELY, AN ILIAC CONDUIT MAY BE SEWN TO THE ILIAC ARTERY TO FACILITATE PLACEMENT OF THE DELIVERY SYSTEM.
Figure 12 – Introduce the Xcelerant Delivery System
CAUTION: DURING GENERAL HANDLING OF THE XCELERANT DELIVERY SYSTEM, AVOID BENDING OR
KINKING THE GRAFT COVER BECAUSE IT MAY CAUSE THE TALENT THORACIC STENT GRAFT TO PREMATURELY AND IMPROPERLY DEPLOY.
CAUTION: IF AN OBSTRUCTION IN THE VESSEL (E.G., A TORTUOUS BEND, STENOSIS, CALCIFICATION, ETC.)
PREVENTS ADVANCEMENT OF THE XCELERANT DELIVERY SYSTEM, DO NOT USE EXCESSIVE FORCE TO ADVANCE THE DELIVERY SYSTEM.
Step 2- Positioning the Stent Graft
Slowly advance the Xcelerant Delivery System to the targeted landing zone (Figure 12). For patients who do not have evidence of excessive calcification or thrombus, it is suggested to initially position the proximal edge of the covered portion of the stent graft slightly higher (a few millimeters) than the targeted landing zone.
CAUTION: DO NOT ADVANCE ACROSS THE AORTIC VALVE WITH THE XCELERANT DELIVERY SYSTEM TIP
OR GUIDEWIRE.
CAUTION: IT IS NOT RECOMMENDED TO POSITION THE DEVICE HIGHER IN THE PRESENCE OF EXCESSIVE
CALCIFICATION OR THROMBUS, DUE TO THE INCREASED RISK OF DISLODGING MATERIAL DURING DISTAL REPOSITIONING OF THE STENT GRAFT.
Step 3 – Confirm Device Position and Verify Markers
Before deployment of the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft, confirm proper position of the device angiographically. When placing a main section, verify that the proximal markers indicate that the top edge of the fabric is at the desired location as shown in Figure 13. While positioning, also verify that the connecting bar is oriented on the outside of the most severe bend of the vessel. The middle marker indicates the rotational position of the connecting bar. In the event accurate
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placement of the distal end of the graft is critical, it is also important to verify that the distal markers indicate that the bottom edge of the fabric is at the desired location.
Figure 13 – Proximal Marker Indicating the Top Edge of Covered Portion of the Stent Graft
[GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION ONLY. MAY APPEAR DIFFERENTLY UNDER FLUOROSCOPY]
NOTE: WHEN POSITIONING THE TALENT THORACIC STENT GRAFT, BE SURE TO AVOID OR COMPENSATE
12.5 Deploying the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft
Background
Misaligned Opening/Deployment is a phenomenon associated with the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System. Using appropriate deployment technique and following the IFU can help avoid this event. It is particularly important to understand this phenomenon and its mitigations when treating highly angulated anatomies (especially the transverse arch), and when utilizing Stent Grafts with diameters of 42mm and larger. Definitions and graphical representations are provided below:
FOR PARALLAX OR OTHER SOURCES OF VISUALIZATION ERROR.
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DEFINITION OF MISALIGNED OPENING
Definition: Misaligned opening occurs when, during deployment, the proximal stent graft structure unfolds (opens) in an
alignment that is not parallel to the wall of the aorta. In some instances, a misaligned opening may result in misaligned stent graft deployment.
Explanation: Misaligned opening of any catheter-based prosthesis is possible in the irregular, three-dimensional geometry of the thoracic aorta. When placed in a curved anatomy, the straight, semi-flexible catheter will tend to hug one wall of the curvature. As the prosthesis is deployed, it will open from the mid-line of the catheter, adjacent to the curved wall of the aorta. The initial expansion of the graft will therefore occur away from the center-line of the aorta. The expansion forces, applied first against the adjacent and curved aortic wall, will normally “push” the graft away from the wall and into a more centered position within the vessel. This helps to ensure parallel implantation of the graft. This phenomenon is more likely to occur in highly angulated anatomies (especially the transverse arch) and with Stent Grafts of 42mm and larger diameters.
Clinical Sequelae: Misaligned opening is a phase which can occur during deployment of stent grafts in curved vessels, and no clinical sequelae have been observed as a result of misaligned opening.
DEFINITION OF MISALIGNED DEPLOYMENT
Definition: Misaligned deployment can occur when the proximal stent apices of a deployed stent graft remain significantly
non-parallel to the wall of the aorta after deployment has been completed. Potential clinical sequelae of misaligned deployment range from negligible to significant and may present either acutely or chronically.
Severity 1: No clinical impact- unresolved mild asymmetry or stent apex protrusion into the aortic wall
Severity 2: Clinical impact- unresolved asymmetry or stent apex protrusion into the aortic wall with clinical
Explanation: There are two observed causes for misaligned deployment of the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft. The first cause involves an uncorrected misaligned opening. In this case, the stent graft fails to self-resolve an misaligned opening, and the operator fails to (or cannot) retract the stent graft in order to correct the asymmetry. The second observed cause of misaligned deployment occurs when a partially opened stent graft is pushed proximally. In this circumstance, forcing the proximal edge of a partially-deployed graft forward can force the graft to bend or buckle within the aorta.
Clinical Sequelae: The severity levels provided above describe the potential clinical consequences of misaligned deployment. In the majority of observed cases of misaligned deployment with the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft, the clinical consequences have been slight or nonexistent.
without clinical impact, including no evidence of endoleak, graft narrowing/occlusion or perforation.
impact, including evidence of endoleak or luminal narrowing of the endograft.
Figure 14: Misaligned Opening
Figure 15: Misaligned Opening: Pull Back to Correct
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Figure 16: Misaligned Opening Corrected
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WARNING: DO NOT ADVANCE THE TALENT THORACIC SYSTEM WITH AN EXPOSED PROXIMAL STENT AS IT
MAY LEAD TO MISALIGNED DEPLOYMENT AND/OR AORTIC PERFORATION. IN THE FIRST 10 YEARS OF CLINICAL EXPERIENCE (OUS-COMMERCIAL AND US-INVESTIGATIONAL), THERE WERE 10 REPORTED EVENTS OF MISALIGNED OPENING/DEPLOYMENT AND 8 REPORTED EVENTS OF AORTIC PERFORATION.
WARNING: THE PROXIMAL EDGE OF THE COVERED PORTION OF THE STENT GRAFT SHOULD NOT BE
PLACED BEYOND THE ORIGIN OF THE LEFT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY (I.E., ZONE 0 OR ZONE 1).
Figure 17: Covered Portion (Top of Fabric) Placement Zones
WARNING: ENSURE THAT THE PROXIMAL AND DISTAL SPRINGS ARE PLACED IN AN ADEQUATE LANDING
ZONE COMPRISED OF HEALTHY TISSUE. HEALTHY TISSUE IS DEFINED AS TISSUE WITHOUT EVIDENCE OF CIRCUMFERENTIAL THROMBUS, INTRAMURAL HEMATOMA, DISSECTION, ULCERATION, AND/OR ANEURYSMAL INVOLVEMENT. FAILURE TO DO SO MAY RESULT IN INADEQUATE EXCLUSION OR VESSEL DAMAGE, INCLUDING PERFORATION.
Step 1 – Decrease Arterial Blood Pressure
Upon confirmation that the stent graft is properly positioned, it may be appropriate to momentarily decrease the patient's mean arterial blood pressure to approximately 80 mmHg or lower (at the discretion of the physician) to avoid inadvertent displacement of the stent graft upon withdrawal of the sheath.
Step 2 – Deploy Proximal End
In order to deploy the proximal end of the stent graft, first hold the delivery system stationary with one hand on the front grip. Then, withdraw the graft cover with the other hand by rotating the external slider counter clockwise (in the direction of the arrow in Figure 19). It may take multiple rotations before the graft cover separates from the tip, visualized by movement of the radiopaque marker band on the graft cover.
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Withdraw the graft cover only until the bare spring and the next covered spring have been deployed, and these two proximal springs are fully expanded and opposed to the aortic wall. This action should be accomplished in a smooth, continuous, and controlled manner until the first two stent springs are completely opposed to the vessel wall. In order to achieve complete apposition of the first two springs, it may be necessary to withdraw the graft cover up to or beyond the third stent spring. See Figure 18 and Figure 19.
For Stent Graft Extensions: Withdraw the graft cover until up to one covered stent is exposed.
Figure 18 - Initial Deployment of Main Section
Figure 19 - Initial Deployment of Main Section
[GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION ONLY. MAY APPEAR DIFFERENTLY UNDER FLUOROSCOPY]
WARNING: •DEPLOYMENT OF THE STENT GRAFT IN HIGHLY ANGULATED ANATOMIES, ESPECIALLY IN THE
TRANSVERSE ARCH, MAY RESULT IN MISALIGNED DEPLOYMENT OF THE PROXIMAL STENT
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STRUCTURE. MISALIGNED DEPLOYMENT IS ALSO MORE LIKELY WITH STENT GRAFT DIAMETERS OF 42MM AND LARGER. IN SOME INSTANCES, THIS MISALIGNMENT MAY RESULT IN MAL-APPOSITION OF THE PROXIMAL STENT(S) AND INCOMPLETE SEAL WITH CLINICAL IMPACT, INCLUDING EVIDENCE OF ENDOLEAK OR LUMINAL NARROWING OF THE ENDOGRAFT. IN THE FIRST 10 YEARS OF CLINICAL EXPERIENCE (OUS-COMMERCIAL AND US-INVESTIGATIONAL), THERE WERE 10 REPORTED EVENTS OF MISALIGNED OPENING/DEPLOYMENT.
CAUTION: IF THE STENT GRAFT IS DEPLOYED HIGHER THAN THE TARGETED LANDING ZONE, IT IS
CAUTION: IF THE GRAFT COVER IS INADVERTENTLY WITHDRAWN, THE TALENT THORACIC STENT GRAFT
NOTE: IF NECESSARY, THE STENT GRAFT CAN BE RE-POSITIONED DISTALLY TO ITS DESIRED LOCATION
NOTE: DEPLOYMENT OF THE TALENT THORACIC STENT GRAFT IN THE AORTIC ARCH CAN INCREASE THE
NOTE: IN THE UNLIKELY EVENT OF DELIVERY SYSTEM FAILURE AND CONCOMITANT PARTIAL STENT
Step 4 – Verify Stent Graft Position
Deployment of the proximal portion of the Stent Graft should be accomplished under continuous fluoroscopy. If the stent graft was deployed higher than the targeted landing zone or has exhibited misaligned opening (Refer Figure 14 to
Figure 16), gently pull on the entire delivery system until the proximal markers indicating the top edge of the fabric are at the desired position. Perform angiography to verify the position of the stent graft in relation to the desired location.
CAUTION: IF PULLING THE DELIVERY SYSTEM CAUSES THE GRAFT TO FURTHER DEPLOY INSTEAD OF
NOTE: IF PULLLING DOWN THE DELIVERY SYSTEM CAUSES THE GRAFT TO BE DEPLOYED PAST THE
Step 5 – Finish Stent Graft Deployment
For Stent Graft Extensions: Continue to slowly withdraw the graft cover by rotating the slider until the distal spring is
completely deployed.
For All Other Stent Graft Models: Continue withdrawing the graft cover using the rotational method until the distal spring is completely deployed. At anytime, pull the slider back using the trigger in order to more rapidly deploy the stent graft. When rapidly deploying the stent graft, pull the trigger all the way back and secure front grip to prevent recoil of the slider handle. If necessary the trigger can be re-engaged and rotation used to continue deploying the stent graft. Deployment is complete when the sheath marker band is beyond the distal spring. See Figure 20.
CAUTION: WHEN USING THE TRIGGER TO DEPLOY THE STENT GRAFT, BE SURE TO PULL THE GRAY THUMB
CAUTION: IF EXCESSIVE FORCE IS FELT, CONTINUE TO ROTATE THE HANDLE TO DEPLOY MORE SPRINGS.
CAUTION: IF THE STENT STOP DOES NOT RELEASE THE DISTAL END OF THE STENT GRAFT AFTER THE
CAUTION: DO NOT ROTATE THE GRAFT COVER DURING DEPLOYMENT, AS THIS MAY TORQUE THE DEVICE
EXTREMELY IMPORTANT NOT TO DEPLOY MORE THAN THE FIRST TWO STENT SPRINGS (SEE FIGURE 18). FURTHER DEPLOYMENT OF THE GRAFT CAN IMPAIR THE ABILITY TO MOVE THE GRAFT TO THE DESIRED LANDING ZONE.
WILL PREMATURELY DEPLOY AND WILL BE PLACED INCORRECTLY.
BY RETRACTING IT, AS LONG AS NO MORE THAN TWO OF THE PROXIMAL SPRINGS OF THE STENT GRAFT HAVE BEEN DEPLOYED.
DEPLOYMENT FORCE. DEPLOYMENT FORCES CAN BE FURTHER INCREASED BY EXCESSIVE TORTUOSITY AND A SMALL RADIUS AORTIC ARCH.
GRAFT DEPLOYMENT DUE TO GRAFT COVER SEVERANCE, A “HANDLE DISASSEMBLY” TECHNIQUE WILL PERMIT SUCCESSFUL DEPLOYMENT OF THE STENT GRAFT. SEE INSTRUCTIONS AT THE END OF SECTION 12.6 FOR DETAILS OF THE TECHNIQUE.
MOVING THE GRAFT DISTALLY, DO NOT CONTINUE TO PULL ON THE INTRODUCER SYSTEM. DEPRESS THE QUICK DISCONNECT FEATURE AND PULL ON THE CATHETER AND QUICK DISCONNECT TOGETHER UNTIL THE FULL DEVICE IS MOVED TO THE DESIRED LOCATION.
INTENDED LANDING ZONE THEN AN IMPLANTATION OF AN ADDITIONAL PROXIMAL EXTENSION SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS PER SECTION 12.8 BELOW.
TRIGGER ALL THE WAY BACK.
GRAFT COVER HAS BEEN FULLY RETRACTED PULL BACK SLIGHTLY ON THE DELIVERY SYSTEM AND SLOWLY ROTATE (LESS THAN 90°)_BACK AND FORTH UNTIL THE STENT GRAFT RELEASES.
AND CAUSE THE STENT GRAFT TO TWIST ON DEPLOYMENT.
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Figure 20: Deploy the Remainder of Stent Graft
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12.6 Removing the Delivery System
Step 1 – Catheter Withdrawal
Depress the quick disconnect button to retract the tapered tip into the graft cover. Using continual fluoroscopy, watch the top of the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft while slowly pulling back the tapered tip into the graft cover of the Xcelerant Delivery System re-establishing the smooth transition of the tip with the cover. It may be necessary to pull the entire delivery system back into a straight section of the aorta to aid in retraction of the tip. Hold the tip in place as the whole catheter is withdrawn, (take special care if any of the stents are not fully apposed to the vessel wall and may catch the tip). This can be verified by fluoroscopic examination of the sheath marker band aligning with the beginning of the radiopaque tip. See Figure 19.
CAUTION: THE RETRIEVAL OF THE TIP MUST BE CAREFULLY MONITORED WITH FLUOROSCOPIC GUIDANCE
Step 2 – Complete Catheter Removal
Gently remove the Xcelerant Delivery System. Do not use excessive force. Using fluoroscopic imaging, confirm that no movement of the stent graft occurs during withdrawal. Do not remove the guidewire. The stent graft is now ready for modeling as needed.
TO ENSURE THAT THE TIP DOES NOT CAUSE THE TALENT THORACIC STENT GRAFT TO BE INADVERTENTLY PULLED DOWN.
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Figure 21: Delivery System Removal
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Handle Dis-assembly Technique
In the unlikely event of delivery system failure and concomitant partial stent graft deployment due to graft cover severance, a “handle dis-assembly” technique will permit the successful deployment of the stent graft. See instructions below.
1) Pull back the trigger and fully retract the slider. Note: Since the graft cover is severed, the slider can be
retracted without further deploying the stent graft.
2) Stabilize the Delivery System.
3) Insert the tips of a pair of hemostats into each one of the handle disassembly ports on the front grip.
4) Disengage the front grip from the screw gear by pressing the tips of the hemostats into the handle disassembly ports and simultaneously advancing the front grip away from the screw gear.
5) Advance the front grip until it fully clears the screw gear.
6) Separate the screw gear halves in order to identify the location of graft cover severance.
12.7 Ancillary Balloon Catheter Modeling
The Reliant Stent Graft Balloon Catheter, packaged separately, may be used to assist in stent graft implantation by modeling the covered springs and removing wrinkles and folds from the graft material as needed. Sub-optimal apposition of the self-expanding stent graft may be improved by use of the Reliant Stent Graft Balloon (see Figure 22). Refer to the Instructions for Use supplied with the Reliant Stent Graft Balloon Catheter for more information.
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Figure 22: Balloon Modeling of the Stent Graft
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CAUTION: USE THE RELIANT STENT GRAFT BALLOON CATHETER ACCORDING TO THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR
NOTE: THE RELIANT STENT GRAFT BALLOON CATHETER IS RECOMMENDED FOR USE WITH THE TALENT
If focal area narrowing of the stent graft is observed, re-balloon. If the area remains narrow following ballooning, place another Talent Thoracic Stent Graft inside that segment. Do not leave untreated any focal area with significant stent graft narrowing or abrupt kinks of the connecting bar. This can lead to thrombosis, damage of the stent graft or incomplete distal seal.
WARNING: WHEN EXPANDING A VASCULAR PROSTHESIS USING THE RELIANT BALLOON, THERE IS AN
WARNING: DO NOT USE THE RELIANT STENT GRAFT BALLOON CATHETER IN PATIENTS WITH HISTORY OF
12.8 Implanting Additional Component Sections
If two or more Talent Thoracic Stent Graft component sections are required to exclude the target lesion, use the following steps.
Step 1 - Device Preparation and Insertion
Complete all steps described above in Section 12.3, and Steps 1 and 2 of Section 12.4.
Slowly advance the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System to the targeted landing zone. Advancement of the device within the previously implanted stent graft must be carefully monitored under fluoroscopy to ensure that the implanted stent graft does not move. Before deploying the stent graft, confirm proper position of the system.
USE SUPPLIED WITH THE RELIANT DEVICE. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO USE THE RELIANT STENT GRAFT BALLOON CATHETER BEFORE COMPLETELY READING AND UNDERSTANDING THE INFORMATION SUPPLIED WITH THE RELIANT DEVICE.
THORACIC STENT GRAFT. DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE FOR USE WITH OTHER BALLOONS FOR REMODELING STENT GRAFTS.
INCREASED RISK OF VESSEL INJURY AND/OR RUPTURE, AND POSSIBLE PATIENT DEATH, IF THE BALLOON’S PROXIM AL AND DISTAL RADIOP AQUE MARKERS ARE NOT COMPLETELY WITHIN THE COVERED (GRAFT FABRIC) PORTION OF THE PROSTHESIS.
THORACIC DISSECTION DISEASE. DO NOT OVER-INFLATE THE RELIANT STENT GRAFT BALLOON WITHIN OR OUTSIDE OF THE GRAFT MATERIAL.
Caution: An uncovered spring should never be placed inside a covered graft section of another stent graft.
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Step 2 - Confirm Device Position and Verify Markers
When placing a distal main section radiographically, verify that the proximal alignment markers are aligned with or above the distal markers of the mating graft (see Appendix A). Also, verify that the distal markers that indicate the bottom edge of the graft material are at the desired location. Verify that the connecting bar is rotationally oriented on the outside of the most severe bend of the vessel.
When placing a proximal main or proximal extension, radiographically verify that the proximal markers that indicate the top edge of the graft material are at the desired location (see Appendix B). It may be necessary to perform an angiogram to ensure this. Also, verify that the alignment-marker of the proximal extension is aligned with, or below, the proximal markers of the main graft. Radiographically verify that the connecting bar is oriented on the outside of the most severe bend of the vessel.
When placing a distal extension, radiographically verify that the proximal alignment-marker is aligned with, or above, the distal markers of the mating graft (see Appendix C). Also, verify that the distal markers that indicate the bottom edge of the graft material are at the desired location. Verify that the connecting bar is rotationally oriented on the outside of the most severe bend of the vessel.
CAUTION: AT LEAST A MINIMUM OF 30MM OF OVERLAP IS REQUIRED. HOWEVER, IN AREAS OF
Step 3 - Remaining Steps
Follow procedures previously described in Sections 12.5, 12.6, and 12.7.
Step 4 – Final Angiogram
Upon completion of the final ballooning procedure, perform angiography to verify stent graft apposition and seals, and absence of endoleaks (Type I and Type III). The most reliable course of endoleak management (Type I or Type III) is by remodeling the stent graft with a balloon and, if needed, placing a stent graft extension. A minor leak that does not seal after re-ballooning may seal spontaneously within several days. If any adjunctive maneuvers were conducted, perform a final angiogram to confirm successful exclusion of the target lesion. Do not use high-pressure injections at the edges or within the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft immediately after implantation.
CAUTION: ANY ENDOLEAK LEFT UNTREATED DURING THE IMPLANTATION PROCEDURE MUST BE
Step 5 – Entry Site Closure
Remove all remaining accessories (e.g., guidewire, introducer sheath, angiogram catheter). Close the arteriotomy site by standard surgical closure techniques.
ANGULATION OR CURVATURE AND/OR IF MORE THAN TWO (2) STENT GRAFTS ARE REQUIRED, ADDITIONAL OVERLAP IS RECOMMENDED (AT LEAST AN ADDITIONAL SPRING LENGTH-15MM). FAILURE TO PROVIDE SUFFICIENT OVERLAP MAY RESULT IN SEPARATION OF THE STENT GRAFTS AT THEIR JUNCTION. REFER TO Appendix A, Appendix B AND Appendix C
CAREFULLY FOLLOWED AFTER IMPLANTATION.
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13.0 Imaging Guidelines and Post-Operative Follow-up
13.1 General
All patients should be advised that endovascular treatment requires life-long, regular follow-up to assess their health and the performance of their endovascular graft. Patients with specific clinical findings (e.g., endoleaks, enlarging aneurysms, or changes in the structure or position of the endovascular graft) should receive additional follow-up. Patients should be counseled on the importance of adhering to the follow-up schedule, both during the first year and at yearly intervals thereafter. Patients should be informed that regular and consistent follow-up is a critical part of ensuring the ongoing safety and effectiveness of endovascular treatment of TAAs.
Physicians should evaluate patients on an individual basis and prescribe follow-up relative to the needs and circumstances of each individual patient. The recommended imaging schedule is presented in Table 37. This schedule outlines the minimum requirement for patient follow-up and should be maintained even in the absence of clinical symptoms (e.g., pain, numbness, weakness). Patients with specific clinical findings (e.g., endoleaks, enlarging aneurysms, or changes in the structure or position of the stent graft) should receive follow-up at more frequent intervals.
Annual imaging follow-up may include chest X-ray and computed tomography angiogram (CTA). Magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) may be used in patients with impaired renal function or intolerance to contrast media.
The combination of contrast and non-contrast CT imaging provides information on aneurysm diameter change, endoleak, patency, tortuosity, progressive disease, fixation length and other morphological changes
The chest X-rays provide information on device integrity (separation between components and stent fracture)
Table 37 lists the minimum requirements for imaging follow-up for patients with the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft.
Table 37 - Imaging Recommendations
Visit
Angiogram CTA/MRA
Pre-Treatment X (optional) X1 Treatment X 1 Month X4 X 12 Month (Annually thereafter) X4 X
1 Pre-treatment assessment should be done within 3 months prior to treatment. 2 A six month follow-up with CT Scan and Chest X-ray is recommended if an endoleak is reported at 1 month after the
procedure.
3 Magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) may be used in patients with impaired renal function or intolerance to contrast
media
4 If a Type I or III endoleak is present, prompt intervention and additional follow-up post-intervention is recommended. See
Section 13.6
Ultimately, it is the physician’s responsibility, based on previous clinical results and the overall clinical picture, to determine the appropriate imaging schedule for a particular patient.
Imaging Modality
2,3
Chest X-ray2
13.2 Angiographic Imaging
Angiographic images are recommended at pre-treatment (within 3 months of implant) for centers without CTA 3-D reconstruction capabilities to assist in determining anatomic suitability. Angiographic images are also recommended during the treatment to evaluate anatomy and device placement.
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13.3 CTA/MRA Images
CTA images are recommended pre-treatment (within 3 months of implant) to determine anatomic suitability for the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft. CTA with 3-D reconstruction is recommended in order to accurately assess the patient’s anatomy.
CTA images are also recommended post-treatment for lesion and device assessment. The triphasic imaging protocol for follow-up CT should consist of an unenhanced, contrast enhanced and 5 minute delay scan. Please refer to Table 38 for optimal CTA results. MRA may be indicated for patients with impaired renal function.
Film sets should include all sequential images at the lowest possible slice thickness (<3mm). Do not perform large slice thickness (>3mm) and/or omit consecutive CT images/films sets, as this prevents precise anatomical and device comparisons over time.
All images should include a scale for each film/image. Images should be arranged no smaller than 20:1 images on 14 inch X 17 inch sheets if film is used.
Both non-contrast and contrast runs are required, with matching or corresponding table positions.
Pre-contrast and contrast run slice thicknesses and intervals must match.
DO NOT change patient orientation or re-landmark the patient between non-contrast and contrast runs.
Non-contrast and contrast enhanced baseline and follow-up imaging are important for optimal patient surveillance. It is important to follow accepted imaging protocols during the CT exam. Table 38 lists examples of accepted imaging protocols.
Table 38 - CTA Imaging Guidelines
Injection Volume (cc) 100-150 Injection Rate (cc/sec) 3-4 via 20G IV or larger Bolus Timing SmartPrep, Carebolus, or equivalent Scan Range Thoracic inlet to aortic bifurcation Scan Diameter (FOV) Large DFOV (cm) 24 Scan Type Helical Rotation Speed (sec) 0.8 Slice Thickness <2.5 Scan Mode HS Table Speed (mm/rot) 15 Interval (mm) 1 kVp 120 mA 120 for non-contrast / 200 for contrast portion of study Reconstruction (mm) 1-2
13.4 X-Ray
Chest X-rays should be used to assess the presence of stent graft fracture. Posterior/anterior (PA) and lateral images are recommended for visualization of the stent graft. Ensure the entire device is captured on images for device assessment.
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13.5 MRI Information
Non-clinical testing has demonstrated that the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft is MR Conditional. It can be scanned safely in both 1.5T & 3.0T MR systems under the following conditions:
1.5 Tesla Systems:
Static magnetic field of 1.5 Tesla
Spatial gradient field of 1000 Gauss/cm
Maximum whole-body-averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4 W/kg for 15 minutes of scanning.
Based on non-clinical testing, the device was determined to produce a temperature rise of less than 1 whole body averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4 W/kg for 15 minutes of MR scanning in a 64MHz whole body transmit coil, which corresponds to a static field of 1.5T. The maximum whole body averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) was derived by calculation and verified by calorimetry.
3.0 Tesla Systems:
Static magnetic field of 3.0 Tesla
Spatial gradient field of 1000 Gauss/cm
Maximum whole-body-averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4 W/kg for 15 minutes of scanning (or the maximum
SAR allowed by the MR System, whatever is less).
Based on non-clinical testing, the device was determined to produce a temperature rise of less than 1 whole body averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4 W/kg for 15 minutes of MR scanning in a 3 Tesla Siemens TrioTIM (VB 13 Software) MR scanner. The maximum whole body averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) was derived by calculation and verified by calorimetry.
Image Artifact (1.5 Tesla & 3 Tesla Systems):
MR image quality may be compromised if the area of interest is in the same area or relatively close to the position of the device. Therefore, it may be necessary to optimize MR imaging parameters for the presence of this implant. The image artifact extends approximately 5 and 8 mm from the device, both inside and outside the device lumen when scanned in non-clinical testing using the sequence: spin echo and gradient echo, respectively in a 3.0T Siemens TrioTIM (VB 13 Software) MR system with a whole body coil.
Patients with Talent Thoracic Stent Grafts implanted in the thoracic aorta may safely undergo MRI for Normal Mode and First Level Controlled Operating Mode of the MR System, as defined in IEC Standard 60601-2-33.
o
C at a maximum
o
C at a maximum
13.6 Additional Surveillance and Treatment
Additional surveillance and possible treatment is recommended for:
Aneurysms with endoleak
Aneurysm enlargement, > 5mm of maximum diameter (regardless of endoleak status)
Migration
Inadequate seal length
Fracture
Consideration for reintervention or conversion to open repair should include the attending physician's assessment of an individual patient's co-morbidities, life expectancy, and the patient's personal choices. Patients should be counseled that subsequent re-intervention, including the fact that catheter-based and open surgical conversion may become necessary following an endograft procedure.
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14.0 Device-Related Adverse Events Reporting
Any adverse event (clinical incident) involving the Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System should be reported to Medtronic immediately. To report an incident, call (800) 465-5533 (in the US).
15.0
The Talent Thoracic Stent Graft System is packaged with additional specific information which includes:
Upon receipt of the device tracking form, Medtronic will mail the patient a permanent device implant card. This card includes important information regarding the implanted stent graft. Patients should refer to this card anytime they visit health practitioners, particularly for any diagnostic procedures (e.g. MRI). Patients should carry this card with them at all times. If a patient does not receive their permanent device implant card, or requires changes to the card, call 1-800-551-
5544. In addition a patient information booklet (PIB) will be provided to the physicians during training and additional
copies will be available upon request. The PIB will also be available online on the Medtronic website (www.medtronic.com). This booklet provides patients with basic information on thoracic aortic aneurysms and endovascular repair therapy.
Patient Materials and Tracking Information
Temporary Device Identification Card that includes both patient and stent graft information. Physicians
should complete this card and instruct the patient to keep this card in their possession at all times. The patients should refer to this card anytime they visit additional health practitioners, particularly for any additional diagnostic procedures (e.g. MRI). This temporary device implant card should only be discarded when the permanent identification card is received.
Device Tracking Form to be completed by the hospital staff and forwarded to Medtronic for the purposes of
registering the devices to identify all patients who received a Talent Thoracic Stent Graft (as required by Federal Regulation). The hospital’s submission of the device tracking form to Medtronic is also required for a patient to receive the permanent device implant card.
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16.0 Explanation of Symbols
Use by
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Consult instructions for use at. www.medtronic.com/manuals
Do not reuse
CAUTION: Federal (USA) law restricts this device for sale by or on order of a physician.
MR Conditional
Contents: One (1) TALENT Thoracic Stent Graft System with Xcelerant and
One (1) Device Registration Packet
Non-pyrogenic
Sterilized using irradiation
Do not use if package is damaged
Store at room temperature in a dark, dry place
Peel here
Pull tab to open
Do not use if indicator turns black
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APPENDIX A
M708499B001
[GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION ONLY. MAY APPEAR DIFFERENTLY UNDER FLUOROSCOPY]
58
APPENDIX B
M708499B001
[GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION ONLY. MAY APPEAR DIFFERENTLY UNDER FLUOROSCOPY]
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APPENDIX C
M708499B001
[GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION ONLY. MAY APPEAR DIFFERENTLY UNDER FLUOROSCOPY]
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MANUFACTURER:
MEDTRONIC, INC. 710 Medtronic Parkway NE Minneapolis, MN 55432-5604 U.S.A. Tel: (763) 514-4000 Fax: (763) 514-4879 www.medtronic.com
U.S. CUSTOMER SERVICE / PRODUCT INQUIRIES
Tel: (800) 961-9055 Fax: (800) 929-2133
© 2010 Medtronic, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Protected by one or more of the following United States Patents: 5,591,195; 5,713,917; 6,306,141; 6,344,052; 6,911,039 and 7,105,016.
Rev E
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