Medtronic 700Series_Operators_Manual_EN_10066984E00 COULTER HmX Hematology Analyzer with Autoloader

Operator’s Manual

Puritan Bennett

TM

700 Series Ventilator System

To obtain information about a warranty, if any, contact Covidien Technical Services at

1.800.635.5267 or your local representative.
Purchase of this instrument confers no express or implied license under any Covidien patent

to use the instrument with any Ventilator System that is not manufactured or licensed by
Covidien.

Copyright Information

Copyright 2011 Covidien. COVIDIEN, COVIDIEN with logo. The Covidien logo and
positive results for life are U.S. and internationally registered trademarks of Covidien
AG. Other brands are trademarks of a Covidien company. U.S. Patents 5,540,222;
5,596,984; 5,632,270; 5,664,560; 5,673,689; 5,909,731; 5,915,382; 5,934,274; 6,116,240;
6,142,150; 6,321,748; 6,467,478.

The information contained in this manual is the sole property of Covidien and may not
be duplicated without permission. This manual may be revised or replaced by Covidien
at any time and without notice. You should ensure that you have the most current
applicable version of this manual; if in doubt, contact the Technical Publications
Department of Covidien. While the information set forth herein is believed to be
accurate, it is not a substitute for the exercise of professional judgment.

The ventilator should be operated and serviced only by trained professionals.
Covidien’s sole responsibility with respect to the ventilator, and its use, is as stated in
the limited warranty provided.

Nothing in this manual shall limit or restrict in any way Covidien’s right to revise or
otherwise change or modify the equipment (including its software) described herein,
without notice. In the absence of an express, written agreement to the contrary,
Covidien has no obligation to furnish any such revisions, changes, or modifications to
the owner or user of the equipment (including its software) described herein.

Preface

Warning

Caution

Warning

Definitions

This manual uses these special indicators to convey information of a
specific nature:

Indicates a condition that can endanger the patient or
the ventilator operator.

Indicates a condition that can damage the equipment.

NOTE:

Indicates points of particular emphasis that make operation of
the ventilator more efficient or convenient.

Warnings, cautions, and notes

Please take the time to familiarize yourself with the following safety
considerations, special handling requirements, and regulations that
govern the use of the 700 Series Ventilator System.

ii

To avoid an electrical shock hazard while servicing the ventilator,
be sure to remove all power to the ventilator by disconnecting
the power source and turning off all ventilator power switches.

Preface

Warning

Warning

Warning

Warning

To avoid a fire hazard, keep matches, lighted cigarettes, and all
other sources of ignition (e.g., flammable anesthetics and/or
heaters) away from the ventilator and oxygen hoses.

Do not use oxygen hoses that are worn, frayed, or contaminated
by combustible materials such as grease or oils. (Textiles, oils,
and other combustibles are easily ignited and burn with great
intensity in air enriched with oxygen.)

In case of fire or a burning smell, immediately disconnect the
ventilator from the oxygen supply and electrical power source.

Patients on life-support equipment should be appropriately
monitored by competent medical personnel and suitable
monitoring devices.

The 700 Series Ventilator is not intended to be a comprehensive
monitoring device and does not activate alarms for all types of
dangerous conditions for patients on life-support equipment.

Check the ventilator periodically as outlined in the service manual;
do not use if defective. Immediately replace parts that are broken,
missing, obviously worn, distorted, or contaminated.

An alternative source of ventilation should always be available
when using the 700 Series Ventilator System.

iii

Preface

Warning

Warning

Warning

Caution

To ensure proper servicing and avoid the possibility of physical
injury, only qualified personnel should attempt to service or
make authorized modifications to the ventilator.

The user of this product shall have sole responsibility for any
ventilator malfunction due to operation or maintenance
performed by anyone not trained by Covidien staff.

For a thorough understanding of ventilator operations, be
sure to read the 700 Series Ventilator System Operator's
Manual in its entirety before attempting to use the system.

Before activating any part of the ventilator, be sure to check
the equipment for proper operation and, if appropriate, run
the self-diagnostic short self test (SST) program described in
this manual.

iv

U.S. Federal law restricts this device to sale by or on the order
of a physician.

Warranty

The 700 Series Ventilator System is warranted against defects in
material and workmanship in accordance with Covidien Medical
Equipment Warranty for a period of one year from the time of sale.
To ensure the validity of the warranty, be sure to keep a maintenance
record.

Year of manufacture

The 700 Series Ventilator System’s year of manufacture is indicated
by the fifth and sixth digits of the serial number which is located at
the lower edge of the ventilator front panel.

Preface

Manufacturer:
Covidien llc
15 Hampshire Street
Mansfield, MA 02048
USA

Authorized Representative:
Covidien Ireland Limited
IDA Business & Technology Park
Tull amore

Manufacturer

Electromagnetic susceptibility

The 700 Series Ventilator System complies with the requirements of
IEC 60601-1-2 (EMC Collateral Standard), which includes E-field
susceptibility and ESD requirements. However, even though the
device is compliant at the levels of immunity specified in the
standard, certain transmitting devices (cellular phones, walkie­talkies, cordless phones, paging transmitters, etc.) emit radio
frequencies that could interrupt ventilator operation if located in a
range too close to the ventilator. It is difficult to determine when the
field strength of these devices becomes excessive. Practitioners
should be aware that radio frequency emissions are additive, and
that the ventilator must be located a sufficient distance from
transmitting devices to avoid interruption. Do not operate the
ventilator in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment.
The Alarm handling section of this manual describes possible
ventilator alarms and what to do if they occur. Consult with your
institution’s biomedical engineering department in case of
interrupted ventilator operation, and before relocating any life
support equipment.

v

Customer assistance

For further assistance contact your local Covidien representative.

This page is intentionally blank.

vi

Table of Contents

Table of Contents 2

1 Introduction

1.1 Functional description............................................................ 1-3

1.2 Symbols and labels ................................................................. 1-8

1.3 Keyboard............................................................................... 1-13

1.3.1 VENTILATOR SETTINGS ............................................. 1-14

1.3.2 PATIENT DATA ......................................................... 1-24

1.3.3 VENTILATOR STATUS ............................................... 1-29

2 Setting up the ventilator

2.1 Connecting and using internal and external batteries ........ 2-2

2.2 Connecting the electrical supply ........................................... 2-6

2.3 Connecting the oxygen supply .............................................. 2-8

2.4 Connecting the ventilator breathing circuit ....................... 2-10

2.5 Installing the collector vial................................................... 2-13

2.6 Installing the flex arm .......................................................... 2-13

2.7 Installing the humidifier ...................................................... 2-15

2.8 Using the ventilator cart ...................................................... 2-17

3 Getting started

3.1 Powering up the ventilator.................................................... 3-1

3.2 Selecting ventilator settings .................................................. 3-4

3.3 Viewing and changing alarm settings................................... 3-6

3.4 Entering and exiting standby mode...................................... 3-7

4 Self tests (SST and EST)

4.1 Short self test (SST) ................................................................. 4-3

4.2 Extended self test (EST) ........................................................ 4-13

5 Once ventilation begins

5.1 Changing settings: a quick review......................................... 5-1

5.1.1 Changing settings ....................................................... 5-1

5.1.2 Switching between VCV, PCV, and PSV ..................... 5-2

5.1.3 Changing the mode .................................................... 5-3

5.2 Viewing and changing alarm settings: a quick review ........ 5-3

5.3 Adjusting apnea parameters ................................................. 5-4

5.3.1 Adjusting the apnea interval ..................................... 5-5

vii

Table of Contents

5.4 Viewing patient data.............................................................. 5-6

5.5 The 100% O

5.6 The EXP PAUSE and INSP PAUSE keys (760 only) ................ 5-10

6 The MENU key

6.1 More active alarms.................................................................. 6-6

6.2 Autoreset alarms..................................................................... 6-6

6.3 Self tests................................................................................... 6-7

6.4 User settings ........................................................................... 6-8

6.4.1 Endotracheal tube....................................................... 6-8

6.4.2 Humidifier type ........................................................... 6-8

6.4.3 Date and time set ........................................................ 6-9

6.4.4 Apnea interval (Ta) ................................................... 6-10

6.4.5 VCV flow pattern ...................................................... 6-10

6.4.6 Speaking valve setup ................................................ 6-11

6.4.7 Alarm volume ............................................................ 6-17

6.4.8 PCV timing setting .................................................... 6-17

6.4.9 Volume LED bar......................................................... 6-17

6.5 Oxygen sensor ....................................................................... 6-18

6.6 Standby mode ....................................................................... 6-20

6.7 Battery info .......................................................................... 6-20

6.8 Software revision .................................................................. 6-21

6.9 Service summary.................................................................... 6-21

6.10 Nebulizer ............................................................................... 6-21

and MANUAL INSP keys................................... 5-9

2

7 Alarm handling

7.1 Autoreset alarms..................................................................... 7-2

7.2 Alarm silence ........................................................................... 7-3

7.3 Alarm reset .............................................................................. 7-4

7.4 Clinical and technical alarms .................................................. 7-4

7.5 Power alarm .......................................................................... 7-20

7.5.1 Loss of AC Power ...................................................... 7-20

7.5.2 Loss of Power............................................................. 7-20

A Maintenance

A.1 Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization ...............................A-2

A.1.1 Cleaning: general guidelines ......................................A-4

A.1.2 Disinfection and sterilization......................................A-5

viii

A.2 Preventive maintenance ........................................................A-6

A.2.1 Daily or as required: inspiratory and expiratory bacteria

A.2.2 Daily or as required: collector vial ............................. A-9

A.2.3 Daily or as required: in-line water traps.................. A-10

A.2.4 As necessary: oxygen sensor calibration.................. A-10

A.2.5 Every 250 hours (or 1 month of use): cooling fan filter ... A-11
A.2.6 Every 1000 hours (or 3 months of use): air intake filter ... A-12

A.2.7 Every 2 years: device checks ..................................... A-13

A.2.8 Storage ......................................................................A-13

A.2.9 Repacking ..................................................................A-14

B Part numbers

C Specifications

C.1 Physical ................................................................................... C-2

C.2 Environmental ....................................................................... C-3

C.3 Power .................................................................................... C-5

C.4 Compliance and approvals .................................................... C-7

C.5 Technical ................................................................................ C-8

Table of Contents

filters .......................................................................... A-8

D Breath delivery

D.1 A/C mode ................................................................................ D-3

D.2 SPONT mode ..........................................................................D-4

D.3 SIMV mode .............................................................................D-5

D.3.1 Breath timing ..............................................................D-5

E Alarm testing

F Pneumatic schematic

GGlossary

ix

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x

List of Tables

Table 1-1. Mode/breath type availability on 740/760 Ventilators.................... 1-2

Table 1-2. Changes to current settings in occlusion cycling mode................. 1-7

Table 1-3. 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: VENTILATOR SETTINGS ...... 1-15

Table 1-4. 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: PATIENT DATA ...................... 1-24

Table 1-5. 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: VENTILATOR STATUS .......... 1-29

Table 4-1. 700 Series Ventilator self tests ...................................................... 4-2

Table 4-2. SST sequence of tests .................................................................. 4-9

Table 4-3. Overall SST results ..................................................................... 4-12

Table 4-4. EST hardware requirements ....................................................... 4-13

Table 4-5. EST setup messages .................................................................. 4-14

Table 4-6. EST test sequence ...................................................................... 4-17

Table 4-7. Key functions during EST ........................................................... 4-22

Table 4-8. Prompts during EST .................................................................... 4-22

Table 4-9. EST completion status ............................................................... 4-25

Table 5-1. Breath type availability .................................................................. 5-2

Table 6-1. Menu function summary ................................................................ 6-3

Table 7-1. Clinical alarms ............................................................................... 7-5

Table 7-2. Technical alarms ........................................................................ 7-14

Table A-1. Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization ......................................... A-3

Table A-2. Preventive maintenance schedule ............................................... A-7

Table B-1. Ventilator accessories ................................................................... B-2

Table C-1. Physical specifications .................................................................. C-2

Table C-2. Environmental specifications......................................................... C-3

Table C-3. Power specifications...................................................................... C-5

Table C-4. Compliance and approvals............................................................ C-7

Table C-5. Technical specifications ................................................................ C-8

xi

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xii

List of Figures

Figure 1-2. 740 Ventilator System keyboard................................................... 1-13

Figure 1-3. 760 Ventilator System keyboard................................................... 1-14

Figure 2-1. Lifting the ventilator......................................................................... 2-2

Figure 2-2. Internal battery charge indicator ..................................................... 2-3

Figure 2-3. Plugging the external battery into the ventilator ............................. 2-5

Figure 2-4. Disconnecting the external battery ................................................. 2-6

Figure 2-5. Connecting the ventilator power cord ............................................. 2-7

Figure 2-6. Storing the power cord on the ventilator ......................................... 2-7

Figure 2-7. Connecting the oxygen supply........................................................ 2-9

Figure 2-9. Installing the collector vial ............................................................ 2-13

Figure 2-10. Installing the flex arm.................................................................... 2-14

Figure 2-11. Shortening the flex arm................................................................. 2-15

Figure 2-12. Installing the humidifier ................................................................ 2-16

Figure 2-13. Locking and unlocking the cart’s front wheels .............................. 2-17

Figure 3-1. Turning the power switch on (the “I” position)................................. 3-2

Figure 5-1. Viewing patient data ....................................................................... 5-7

Figure 5-2. Volume bar graph (760 Ventilator only) .......................................... 5-8

Figure 6-1. Using the
Figure 6-2. Using the

Figure 7-1. Viewing active alarms ..................................................................... 7-2

More active alarms
Autoreset alarms

menu function to view autoreset alarms .... 6-7

menu function to view active alarms ....... 6-6

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xiv

Introduction

The 700 Series Ventilator System (including the 740 and 760
Ventilators) provides respiratory support for a wide range of
pediatric to adult patients for a wide variety of clinical conditions.
The ventilator’s mixing technique allows it to ventilate critically ill
patients at adjustable oxygen concentrations without the need for a
blender, compressor, or hospital-grade wall air.

The 700 Series Ventilator System can be mains- or battery-powered.
Each ventilator includes two microcontrollers: one for breath delivery
(which controls ventilation), and one for the user interface (which
monitors ventilator and patient data). Each microcontroller verifies that
the other is functioning properly. Using two independent
microcontrollers in this fashion prevents a single fault from causing a
simultaneous failure of controlling and monitoring functions.

The 700 Series Ventilator System supplies mandatory or spontaneous
breaths with a piston-based pneumatic system. Table 1-1 summarizes
the modes and breath types offered by the 740 and 760 Ventilators.
Mandatory breaths can be volume control ventilation (VCV, available
on 740 and 760 Ventilators) or pressure control ventilation (PCV,
available on the 760 Ventilator only). VCV delivers breaths to the
patient at a preset tidal volume, peak flow, waveform, and oxygen
concentration at a minimum respiratory rate. PCV delivers breaths to

Introduction

the patient at a preset inspiratory pressure, I:E ratio or inspiratory
time, rise time factor (how quickly inspiratory pressure rises to
achieve the set inspiratory pressure), and oxygen concentration at a
minimum respiratory rate. A spontaneous breath allows the patient
inspiratory flows of up to 300 L/min, with or without pressure
support ventilation (PSV). On the 760 Ventilator, you can set the rise
time factor and exhalation flow sensitivity (that is, the point at
which the ventilator cycles from inspiration to exhalation) in PSV.

The ventilator begins apnea ventilation if no breath (patient- ,
ventilator-, or operator-initiated) is delivered within the selected
apnea interval. Apnea ventilation is active during all modes. On the
740 Ventilator, only VCV breaths are available in apnea ventilation.
On the 760 Ventilator, VCV or PCV breaths are available in apnea
ventilation.

The 760 Ventilator also offers the ability to perform respiratory
mechanics calculations and maneuvers as a standard feature using
the EXP PAUSE (to calculate auto-PEEP) and INSP PAUSE (to calculate
patient resistance and compliance) keys.

Table 1-1: Mode/breath type availability on 740/760 Ventilators

Mode/breath type 740 Ventilator 760 Ventilator

VCV breath type • •

PCV breath type •

PSV breath type (support pressure
setting)

PSV (rise time factor and exhalation
sensitivity settings)

SIMV mode • •

Apnea ventilation (VCV breath type) • •

Apnea ventilation (choice of VCV or
PCV breath type)

Respiratory mechanics (EXP PAUSE
and INSP PAUSE)

1-2

••

•

•

•

This manual tells you how to operate and perform simple
maintenance for the 700 Series Ventilator. Covidien recommends
that you become familiar with this manual and accompanying labels
before attempting to operate or maintain the ventilator. If you need
additional copies of this manual, contact your Covidien
representative.

To ensure optimum performance of the 700 Series Ventilator System,
Covidien recommends that a qualified service technician perform
periodic maintenance on the ventilator. For more information,
contact your Covidien representative.

1.1 Functional description

By pressing keys and turning the knob on the ventilator keyboard,
the operator gives initial instructions and data to the ventilator
(Figure 1-1). The user interface microcontroller processes this
information and stores it in the ventilator’s memory. The breath
delivery microcontroller uses this stored information to control and
monitor the flow of gas to and from the patient.

The 700 Series Ventilator uses a flow trigger to recognize patient
effort. The trigger monitors flow from the piston during exhalation.
When the patient inhales, patient circuit pressure drops very slightly
below end-expiratory pressure. At the same time, the piston moves
forward to deliver flow to the ventilator breathing circuit and
maintain the preset PEEP/CPAP level. The level of flow depends on
the patient’s effort. If this flow exceeds the user-set level, the
ventilator triggers. By design, the ventilator attempts to maintain
PEEP in the presence of a circuit leak. Since a leak drives the piston to
deliver flow to make up for pressure losses, a circuit leak can require
an increase in the flow trigger level to avoid autocycling.

Introduction

During exhalation, the ventilator’s piston retracts and draws air and
oxygen into the cylinder. The ventilator uses room air, which means
the ventilator can operate without a compressor or wall air source.
Room air enters the ventilator through a protected user-replaceable
air intake filter just inside the ventilator cabinet. This filter captures
airborne particles.

1-3

Introduction

Oxygen from a cylinder or wall supply enters the ventilator through
a hose and oxygen fitting (the fitting is available in several versions).
Once inside the ventilator, the oxygen is regulated to a pressure the
ventilator can use, then mixed with air, according to the selected
%O

.

2

The flow-triggered piston/cylinder system and motor controller
circuit control the flow of gas to the patient. On the 760 Ventilator in
PCV or PSV, the rate of flow is also determined by the preset rise time
factor. This system is designed with a minute gap (about the size of a
thin sheet of paper) between the piston and the cylinder wall.
This design eliminates the friction between the piston and cylinder,
allowing it to respond more rapidly than a “sealed” system.

A small amount of gas leaks through the gap between the piston
and cylinder. Ventilator software and a continuous forward motion
of the piston compensate for this leak.

The piston delivers the mixed air and oxygen through the inspiratory
manifold system, and out to the patient. The oxygen concentration
and temperature of the delivered gas are monitored here, using a
galvanic oxygen sensor and a thermistor. The galvanic sensor
generates a voltage proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen,
from which the oxygen concentration is calculated. The ventilator
alarms if the monitored oxygen concentration is more than ten
percentage points above or below the % O

setting. The inspiratory

2

manifold system also includes a safety valve to relieve patient
pressure if necessary (for example, if the ventilator breathing circuit
is kinked or occluded).

The patient system includes the components external to the ventilator
that route gas between the ventilator and the patient. These
components include the inspiratory filter (which protects against
contamination between the ventilator and patient), a humidification
device, ventilator breathing circuit (the tubing through which the gas
travels), collector vial (which protects the exhalation system from
moisture in the exhaled gas, and can be emptied without losing circuit
PEEP), and an expiratory filter (which limits the bacteria in the
patient’s exhaled gas from escaping to room air or contaminating the
ventilator).

1-4

Introduction

-

+

740 Ventilator

Filter

Keyboard

Regulator

Oxygen

Room air

Patient

7-00017

Inspiration
manifold

Gas intake
system

Inspiratory
filter

Humidification
device

Ventilator breathing circuit
(inspiratory limb)

Piston/cylinder

system

Exhalation/

PEEP/CPAP

system

Expiratory

filter

Collector

vial

Ventilator breathing circuit

(expiratory limb)

Figure 1-1 . Block diagram: 700 Series Ventilator function

The heated exhalation system monitors the flow of the patient’s
exhaled gas using a differential pressure transducer. The patient
exhales through the exhalation valve. During exhalation, the
PEEP/CPAP system maintains user-selected pressure in the ventilator
breathing circuit.

1-5

Introduction

Throughout the respiratory cycle, pressure transducers monitor
inspiratory, expiratory, and atmospheric pressures. The temperatures
of the pneumatic compartment and inspiratory gas are also
monitored. Information from these transducers is continuously used
to update the calculations that control ventilation. (Appendix F
provides a diagram of the ventilator’s pneumatic system and
ventilator breathing circuit.)

Power to operate the ventilator comes from ac mains (wall) or
battery power. The power supply is designed to protect against
excessive voltages, temperatures, or current draws. A power cord
retainer prevents the cord from accidental disconnection.

The ventilator includes an internal battery, and accommodates an
optional external battery. Depending on the ventilator settings,
battery backup power can be supplied for up to 2½

hours using the

internal battery, and up to 7 hours using the external battery.
Both batteries are recharged during operation from ac power.
If both are installed, the external battery is used first when ac power
is not present. If the external battery is depleted or not installed, the
internal battery supplies power to the ventilator when ac power is
not available. The keyboard indicates the source of power and
battery charge level of the internal battery at all times.

Emergency modes: The ventilator declares a ventilator inoperative
(VENT INOP) condition if a hardware failure or critical software error

that could compromise safe ventilation occurs. In case of a ventilator
inoperative condition, the VENT INOP indicator lights and the
ventilator enters the safety valve open (SVO) state. To correct a
ventilator inoperative condition, the ventilator must be turned off,
then powered on again; at power-on, the operator must run
extended self-test (EST). The ventilator must pass EST before normal
ventilation can resume.

The safety valve allows the patient to breathe room air unassisted
when the ventilator is in the SVO state. The ventilator remains in the
SVO state until power-on self-test (POST) verifies that power levels to
the ventilator are acceptable and that the motor controller and
microcontrollers are functioning correctly, and until the user has
confirmed ventilator settings.

1-6

Introduction

If the ventilator enters the SVO state and POST is not running, the
SAFETY VALVE OPEN indicator lights and a high-priority alarm
sounds. The ventilator enters the SVO state if it detects a hardware
or software failure that could compromise safe ventilation. In case of
a malfunction that prevents software from opening the safety valve,
there is also an analog circuit that opens the safety valve when
system pressure exceeds 115 cmH

O (113 hPa).

2

If the ventilator detects an occlusion or a continuous high inspiratory
pressure condition, it opens the safety and exhalation valves to vent
excess pressure, then shuts them and begins occlusion cycling mode.
In occlusion cycling mode the ventilator uses current settings except
for those summarized in Table 1-2. If the ventilator again detects an
occlusion or continuous high pressure condition, it again opens the
safety and exhalation valves then resumes occlusion cycling mode.
If the operator presses the alarm reset key or the ventilator does not
detect an occlusion or continuous high pressure condition, it reverts
to normal ventilation using the most recently accepted settings.

Table 1-2: Changes to current settings in occlusion cycling mode

Setting Change to setting

HIGH PRESSURE
alarm (VCV breath
type)

PEEP (all modes) Set to 0 cmH

% O

(all modes) Set to 100%

2

SPONT mode
(PSV breath type)

SUPPORT
PRESSURE
(PSV breath type)

SUPPORT
PRESSURE
(PCV breath type)

RISE TIME FACTOR
(PCV breath type)

Set to 30 cmH

Breaths are delivered at a rate of 12/min with an
inspiratory time of 2 seconds.

If less than 15 cmH
If 15 cmH

(no change).

If less than 15 cmH
If 15 cmH

(no change).

Set to 70%

O or above: the current setting is used

2

O or above: the current setting is used

2

O

2

O

2

O: set to 15 cmH2O.

2

O: set to 15 cmH2O.

2

1-7

Introduction

SN

1.2 Symbols and labels

These symbols and labels appear on the 700 Series Ventilator System:

Power switch positions per IEC 601-1.”I” represents ON
position; “O” represents OFF position.

7-00421

Refer to manual per IEC 601-1. When this symbol appears
on product, it means “Refer to documentation for

7-00418

7-00416

7-00426

7-00414

information.”

Potential equalization point, per IEC 601-1

External battery connection

Circuit breaker

Serial number

ac current

7-00427

Type B equipment, per IEC 601-1

7-00415

Indicates the degree of protection provided by enclosure
(drip-proof).

7-00403

Signifies compliance with the Medical Device Directive, 93/
42/EEC

1-8

CSA and NRTL (Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory)

EXHAUST

TO

PATIENT

FROM

PATIENT

certification, granted by CSA

8-00417

The TUV Rheinland logo signifies TUV Rheinland Type Test
approval to Annex III of the Medical Device Directive

7-00420

Exhaust port connector

Inspiratory limb connector

Expiratory limb connector

Introduction

1-9

Introduction

61006

Oxygen inlet port label

O

2

V

.

ma

Air intake label

61010

Cooling fan label

61009

General life support equipment warning label

61011

1-10

740 Ventilator back panel label

Introduction

1-11

Introduction

760 Ventilator back panel label

1-12

1.3 Keyboard

Caution

Patient data Ventilator status

Ventilator settings

7-00048

To avoid damaging the keyboard, do not press on it with sharp
objects.

The keyboard (Figure 1-2 shows the 740 keyboard and Figure 1-3
shows the 760 keyboard) is grouped into three sections:

• VENTILATOR SETTINGS: Where you set breath delivery variables.

Introduction

• PATIENT DATA: Where you set alarm limits and view
mon

itored pressures, breath timing, and volumes.

• VENTILATOR STATUS: Where you see the alarm status and
operating condition of the ventilator.

Figure 1-2. 740 Ventilator System keyboard

the

1-13

Introduction

Patient data Ventilator status

Ventilator settings

7-00123

Figure 1-3. 760 Ventilator System keyboard

1.3.1 VENTILATOR SETTINGS

The VENTILATOR SETTINGS section of the keyboard allows you to
select the ventilation mode, breath type, and settings. For more
detail on ventilation modes and breath delivery, see Appendix D.

To change the mode and settings, select the mode, then the breath
type, and then the ventilator settings. The keys flash during setup
and mode changes to ensure that you review all pertinent settings.
The keyboard is designed to minimize accidental or unintentional
changes.

Table 1-3 summarizes the functions of the keys, knob, and indicators
in the VENTILATOR SETTINGS section of the keyboard. Ventilator
settings are also limited by these breath delivery boundaries:

• I:E ratio  4:1 for PCV (760 Ventilator only),  3:1 for all other
breath types

• Inspiratory time = 0.2 to 8 seconds (excluding plateau)

• Expiratory time  0.2 seconds

1-14

Introduction

• PEEP/CPAP + SUPPORT PRESSURE or INSPIRATORY PRESSURE
 80 cmH

O (80 hPa)

2

NOTE:

Maximum SUPPORT PRESSURE is 70 cmH
INSPIRATORY PRESSURE is 80 cmH

2

O.

O, maximum

2

• SUPPORT PRESSURE or INSPIRATORY PRESSURE + PEEP/CPAP
< HIGH PRESSURE - 2 cmH

O (2 hPa)

2

• HIGH PRESSURE (in A/C and SIMV modes) > PEEP/CPAP +
7cmH

O (7 hPa)

2

• HIGH PRESSURE (in SPONT mode) > PEEP/CPAP + SUPPORT
PRESSURE + 2 cmH

O(2hPa)

2

• HIGH PRESSURE > LOW INSP PRESSURE

• Minute volume  50 L/min at an I:E ratio of 2:1

Table 1-3: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: VENTILATOR SETTINGS

Key/indicator Specifies... Range

Mode/breath type settings

A/C Assist/control mode VCV (volume control

ventilation) and PCV
(pressure control ventilation)
breath types.

(PCV available on 760
Ventilator only.)

SIMV Synchronous intermittent

mandatory ventilation mode

SPONT Spontaneous mode PSV breath type

VCV VCV breath type VCV available on 740 and

VCV, PCV (760 only), and PSV
(pressure support
ventilation) breath types.

760 Ventilators in A/C or
SIMV modes.

1-15

Introduction

Table 1-3: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: VENTILATOR SETTINGS

Key/indicator Specifies... Range

Mode/breath type settings (continued)

PCV PCV breath type PCV available on 760

Ventilator only in A/C or
SIMV modes.

PSV PSV breath type PSV available in SIMV or

SPONT modes.

Mandatory (VCV) settings

RESPIRATORY
RATE

TIDAL
VOLUME

PEAK FLOW Maximum flow of gas

PLATEAU (s) Length of inspiratory pause

Mandatory (PCV) settings (760 Ventilator only)

RESPIRATORY
RATE

The minimum number of
mandatory breaths the
patient receives per minute.
During apnea ventilation the
minimum RESPIRATORY RATE
setting is 6 /minute.

Volume delivered to the
patient during a mandatory
breath, compliance­compensated and corrected to
body temperature and
pressure, saturated (BTPS).

delivered during a mandatory
breath (BTPS). (Combined
with tidal volume, peak flow
defines the active portion of
inspiratory time.)

after a mandatory breath has
been delivered, during which
no gas is delivered.

The minimum number of
mandatory breaths the
patient receives per minute.
During apnea ventilation the
minimum RESPIRATORY RATE
setting is 6 /minute.

1 to 70 /minute
Accuracy:

 (0.1 + 1%) /minute

40 to 2000 ml
Accuracy:

 (10 ml + 10% of setting)

3 to 150 L/min
Accuracy:

 (5 + 10% of setting) L/min

0.0 to 2.0 second
Accuracy:  0.05 second

1 to 70 /minute
Accuracy:

 (0.1 + 1%) /minute

1-16

Introduction

Table 1-3: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: VENTILATOR SETTINGS

Key/indicator Specifies... Range

Mandatory (PCV) settings (760 Ventilator only) (continued)

INSPIRATORY
PRESSURE
(760 only)

/I:E RATIO

T

I

(760 only)

RISE TIME
FACTOR
(760 only)

Pressure above PEEP during
the inspiratory phase of a PCV
breath.

You can use the MENU key to
select inspiratory time (TI) or
I:E ratio as the breath timing
setting for a PCV breath. You
can change the selected
breath timing setting (T

or I:E

I

ratio), but the setting remains
constant when you change
the respiratory rate in PCV.

Selecting I:E ratio makes the
set ratio of inspiratory time to
expiratory time for a PCV
breath.

The time for inspiratory
pressure to rise from 0 to 95%
of the target pressure level
during a PCV breath.

A setting of 100 = a 100-ms
rise time, and a setting of
5 = 80% of the inspiratory
time or 2500 ms, whichever is
less.

When you adjust this setting,
the message window shows
the actual time (in seconds) to
reach 95% of target pressure.

5 to 80 cmH

O (5 to 80 hPa)

2

Accuracy:
 (3 + 2.5% of setting) cmH

Inspiratory time (T

):

I

0.2 to 8 seconds
Accuracy:  0.05 second

I:E ratio: ≤ 4:1
Accuracy:  (0.1 + 2%)

5 to 100

O

2

NOTE:

To help determine the correct setting for inspiratory time, during
PCV the message window displays peak inspiratory flow, end
inspiratory flow, and end exhalation flow in L/min.

1-17

Introduction

Table 1-3: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: VENTILATOR SETTINGS

Key/indicator Specifies... Range

Spontaneous (PSV) settings

SUPPORT
PRESSURE

RISE TIME
FACTOR
(760 only)

Pressure above PEEP
maintained during
spontaneous inspiration.
Support pressure is
terminated when inspiratory
flow falls to 25% of peak
inspiratory flow, or to the
exhalation sensitivity setting
(760 only), or 10 L/min or 25%
of peak flow, whichever is
lower (740 only). Maximum
inspiratory time is 3.5 seconds
for adults, and 2.5 seconds for
pediatric patients.

The time for inspiratory
pressure to rise from 0 to 95%
of the target pressure level
during a PSV breath.

A setting of 100 = a 100-ms
rise time, and a setting of
5 = 80% of the inspiratory
time or 1500 ms (when adult
ventilator breathing circuit is
selected) or 600 ms (when
pediatric circuit is selected),
whichever is less.

When you adjust this setting,
the message window shows
the actual time (in seconds) to
reach 95% of target pressure.

0 to 70 cmH

O (0 to 70 hPa)

2

Accuracy:
 (3 + 2.5% of setting) cmH

5 to 100

O

2

1-18

Introduction

Table 1-3: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: VENTILATOR SETTINGS

Key/indicator Specifies... Range

Spontaneous (PSV) settings (continued)

EXH
SENSITIVITY
(760 only)

The percent of peak expiratory
flow at which the ventilator
cycles from inspiration to
exhalation for spontaneous
breaths. The flow at which the
ventilator cycles from
inspiration to exhalation for
PSV breaths. Exhalation begins
when the inspiratory flow is
less than the set value.

To help set EXH SENSITIVITY
appropriately, the peak
inspiratory flow and end
inspiratory flow are displayed
in the message window in PSV.
(To ensure accurate estimates
of these flows, it is important
to run SST so that tubing
compliance calculations are
correct.)

Common settings

PEEP/CPAP Positive end expiratory

pressure/continuous positive
airway pressure. Minimum
pressure maintained during
inspiratory and expiratory
phases.

TRIGGER
SENSITIVITY
(L/min)

Inspiratory flow required to
trigger the ventilator to
deliver a breath.

1 to 80%

0 to 35 cmH
Accuracy:

 (2 cmH

O + 4% of setting)

2

1 to 20 L/min

O (0 to 35 hPa)

2

% O

2

Percentage of inspired oxygen
of the gas delivered to the

21 to 100%
Accuracy:  3% full scale

patient.

NOTE:

It may take several minutes for the oxygen percentage
to stabilize.

1-19

Introduction

Table 1-3: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: VENTILATOR SETTINGS

Key/indicator Specifies... Range

Other keys, knobs, and indicators

APNEA
PARAMS key

Allows you to select VCV or PCV (760 Ventilator only) apnea
ventilation, and the apnea ventilation settings. The apnea
interval is adjustable from 10 to 60 seconds. Apnea
ventilation is available in all modes. For apnea parameter
ranges, see mandatory VCV settings and mandatory PCV
(760 Ventilator only) settings.

MENU Allows you to view active and reset alarms, run SST and EST,

adjust certain settings (including alarm volume, PCV timing,
volume bar graph display, endotracheal tube size, and date
and time), access oxygen sensor functions (calibrate, enable
or disable % O

alarm limits, and enable or disable display of

2

oxygen sensor reading), enter standby mode, view battery
information, display software revision, display service
information, and enter EasyNeb nebulizer functions.
(Chapter 6 tells you how to use the menu function.)

100% O

Switches the % O2 to 100% for 2 minutes, then returns to

2

the current % O2 setting. The 2-minute interval restarts
every time you press 100% O

. Once the 100% O2 has

2

started, you can press CLEAR to stop the maneuver (unless
you have entered a MENU key function or selected a
setting).

MANUAL
INSP

Delivers one mandatory breath to the patient according to
the current mandatory settings (in A/C or SIMV) or the
current apnea parameters (in SPONT). You can deliver a
MANUAL INSP at any time during the exhalation phase of a
breath as long as the exhaled flow is less than 30% of the
peak exhaled flow, except during apnea ventilation.

1-20

Introduction

Table 1-3: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: VENTILATOR SETTINGS

Key/indicator Specifies... Range

Other keys, knobs, and indicators (continued)

EXP PAUSE
(760 only)

Allows you to measure the patient’s auto-PEEP. An EXP PAUSE
maneuver causes the ventilator to close the exhalation valve
at the end of the expiratory phase, and not deliver the next
mandatory breath. At the end of the maneuver, the message
window shows the calculated value for auto-PEEP (expiratory
pressure at the beginning of the maneuver minus expiratory
pressure at the end of the maneuver) and total PEEP for
30 seconds.

The message window shows the end expiratory flow in L/min
at the beginning of each breath. If there is expiratory flow
when the ventilator delivers the next breath, auto-PEEP is
present.

The EXP PAUSE continues as long as you hold down the key,
and should last only until expiratory pressure stabilizes. An
EXP PAUSE maneuver ends when you release the key, the
patient initiates a breath, an alarm occurs, the expiratory
phase (including the maneuver) lasts more than 20 seconds,
or the ventilator detects a leak.

Auto-PEEP:
Range: 1 to 35 cmH
Accuracy:  (1 cmH

O.

2

O + 3% of reading).

2

The EXP PAUSE maneuver is unavailable when the
RESPIRATORY RATE setting is less than 3 /minute.

1-21

Introduction

Table 1-3: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: VENTILATOR SETTINGS

Key/indicator Specifies... Range

Other keys, knobs, and indicators (continued)

INSP PAUSE
(760 only)

Allows you to measure the patient’s compliance and
resistance. An extended inspiratory pause also allows you to
expand the patient’s lungs for up to 10 seconds.

Pressing INSP PAUSE momentarily causes the ventilator to
wait until the end of the inspiratory phase of the current or
next mandatory breath (in SPONT mode, the ventilator
delivers a mandatory breath using the MANUAL INSP key
according to the apnea settings), stop breath delivery, and
keep the exhalation valve closed. The INSP PAUSE continues
until the ventilator detects a stable plateau pressure or
2 seconds have elapsed. An INSP PAUSE maneuver ends when
a stable plateau is reached or an alarm occurs.

Pressing INSP PAUSE for 2 or more seconds after the pause
begins causes the ventilator to deliver an inspiratory pause for
as long as you hold down the key. An extended INSP PAUSE
maneuver ends when you release the key or 10 seconds have
elapsed.

You can press CLEAR or release the INSP PAUSE key at any
time to cancel an INSP PAUSE maneuver, and alarms cancel
the maneuver.

At the end of the breath, the message window shows the
calculated value for compliance and resistance (if the
mandatory breath was a VCV breath) or compliance (if the
mandatory breath was a PCV breath) for 30 seconds.

Compliance:
Range: 1 to 150 mL/H
Accuracy:  (1 mL/cmH

O.

2

O + 20% of reading).

2

Resistance:
Range: 0 to 150 cmH2O/L/second.
Accuracy:  (3 cmH

O/L/second + 20% of reading).

2

CLEAR Pressing CLEAR before accepting a setting cancels the

proposed setting. Pressing CLEAR does not cancel accepted
settings.

Pressing CLEAR twice returns the ventilator to its previous
state (unless you have entered a MENU key function that
requires you to press CLEAR more times).

Pressing CLEAR during a 100% O

maneuver cancels the

2

maneuver.

1-22

Introduction

Table 1-3: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: VENTILATOR SETTINGS

Key/indicator Specifies... Range

Other keys, knobs, and indicators (continued)

ACCEPT Makes changes to settings effective. If you don’t press

ACCEPT within 30 seconds of proposing a new setting, the
user interface returns to its previous state.

Knob Adjusts the value of a setting or selects a menu option.

A setting value that flashes means that the knob is linked to
that setting. Turning the knob clockwise increases the value,
and turning the knob counterclockwise decreases the value.

CURRENT Lights when the ventilator is operating according to the

displayed settings, or during apnea ventilation. (There is one
indicator for mandatory breaths, and one for spontaneous
breaths.)

PROPOSED Lights when you propose a mode or breath type, or you are

setting apnea parameters. Once a proposed setting is
accepted, it becomes effective at the next breath.

APNEA
PARAMS
indicator

Message
window

Lights when apnea ventilation is active.
Lights with PROPOSED indicator when you are setting apnea

parameters, and both indicators turn off once apnea
parameters are accepted.

Shows up to four lines of information (20 characters per
line).

First line: Reserved for the highest-priority active or
autoreset alarm. On the 760 Ventilator only, if no alarm is
active and the display of the oxygen sensor reading is
enabled, the % O

is displayed here. Otherwise, if VCV is the

2

current or proposed breath type and there are no active or
autoreset alarms, shows the selected VCV flow pattern (ramp
or square).

Second line: Information about the menu function or
settings, alarm silence time remaining, or current date and
time. During normal ventilation, shows “Flow (L/min).”

Third and fourth lines: Reserved for other messages. For
every breath type, peak and end inspiratory flows are
displayed on the third line, and end expiratory flow is
displayed on the fourth line (except that inspiratory flow is
not displayed during VCV breaths or VCV apnea ventilation).

1-23

Introduction

1.3.2 PATIENT DATA

The PATIENT DATA section of the keyboard allows you to view the
pressure, breath timing, and volume of the patient’s breath. You can
also view the alarm settings. A lighted key indicates that a
measurement is selected, and its value appears in the display
window. Values are continuously displayed and updated during
ventilation.

Table 1-4 summarizes the functions of the keys and indicators in the
PATIENT DATA section of the keyboard.

Table 1-4: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: PATIENT DATA

Key/

indicator

Pressure

MEAN
PRESSURE

PEAK
PRESSURE

PLATEAU
PRESSURE

(760 only)

PEEP/CPAP
(760 only)

Function Range

Shows the calculated value of
ventilator breathing circuit
pressure over an entire
respiratory cycle. Updated at the
beginning of each breath.

Shows the maximum pressure
measured during inspiration.
Updated at the beginning of
each expiratory phase. (Default
pressure display.)

Shows the pressure measured at
the end of the plateau period of
a mandatory inspiration
(whether the inspiration is in a
regular VCV breath or is part of
an inspiratory pause maneuver).
Updated at the beginning of
each expiratory phase. The
PRESSURE display shows a blank
if the ventilator does not detect
a stable plateau pressure.

Shows the pressure measured at
the expiratory limb before any
inspiratory effort. Updated at
the beginning of each
inspiratory phase.

0 to 99 cmH2O
(0 to 99 hPa)

Accuracy:
 (3 + 4% of reading) cmH

0 to 140 cmH

O

2

(0 to 140 hPa)
Accuracy:

 (3 + 4% of reading) cmH

0 to 140 cmH

O

2

(0 to 140 hPa)
Accuracy:

 (3 + 4% of reading) cmH

0 to 140 cmH2O
(0 to 140 hPa)

Accuracy:
 (3 + 4% of reading) cmH

O

2

O

2

O

2

O

2

1-24

Introduction

Table 1-4: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: PATIENT DATA

Key/

indicator

Breath timing

RATE
(/min)

I:E RATIO Shows the ratio of measured

INSP
TIME(s)
(760 only)

Shows the calculated value of
the total respiratory rate, based
on the previous 60 seconds or 8
breaths (whichever interval is
shorter). Updated at the
beginning of each breath.
(Default breath timing display.)

The calculation is reset (and
display is blank) when
ventilation starts, when apnea
ventilation starts or autoresets,
when you change the mode,
breath type, or RESPIRATORY
RATE setting, and when you
press the alarm reset key.

inspiratory time to measured
expiratory time. Updated at the
beginning of each breath.

The measured inspiratory time,
including breaths that are
truncated due to a HIGH
PRESSURE alarm. Updated at the
beginning of each expiratory
phase.

Function Range

1 to 199 /minute
Accuracy:

(0.1 +1% of reading)/minute

1:99.9 to 9.9:1
Accuracy:

 (0.1 + 2%)

0.1 to 9.90 seconds
Accuracy:

 0.05 seconds

1-25

Introduction

Table 1-4: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: PATIENT DATA

Key/

indicator

Volume

EXHALED
VOLUME
(ml)

TOTAL
MINUTE
VOLUME
(L)

DELIVERED
VOLUME
(ml)
(760 only)

Function Range

Shows the patient’s measured
expiratory tidal volume
averaged over the last 5 breaths
(for A/C VCV breaths, ventilator­initiated PCV breaths, and PCV
apnea breaths) or for the just­completed breath (for all other
breaths). Corrected to BTPS and
compliance-compensated.
Updated at the beginning of
each inspiration. (Default
volume display.)

The calculation is reset when
ventilation starts, when apnea
ventilation starts or autoresets,
when you change the mode or
breath type, and when you press
the alarm reset key.

Shows the patient’s measured
expiratory minute volume, based
on the previous 60 seconds or 8
breaths (whichever interval is
shorter). Updated at the
beginning of each breath.

The calculation is reset when
ventilation starts, when apnea
ventilation starts or autoresets,
when you change the mode or
breath type, and when you press
the alarm reset key.

Shows the measured inspiratory
tidal volume for the just­completed PCV or PSV breath.
Corrected to BTPS and
compliance-compensated.
Updated at the beginning of
each inspiration for PCV and PSV
breath types.

0 to 9 L
Accuracy:

 (10 ml + 10% of reading)

0 to 99 L
Accuracy:

 (10 ml + 10% of reading)

0 to 3000 ml
Accuracy:

 (10 ml + 10% of reading)

1-26

Introduction

Table 1-4: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: PATIENT DATA

Key/

indicator

Function Range

Volume (continued)

SPONT
MINUTE
VOLUME
(L)
(760 only)

Shows the patient’s measured
expiratory minute volume for all
spontaneous breaths, based on
the previous 60 seconds or 8
breaths (whichever interval is
shorter). Updated at the
beginning of each breath.

The calculation is reset when
ventilation starts, when apnea
ventilation starts or autoresets,
when you change the mode or
breath type, and when you press
the alarm reset key.

Alarm settings

HIGH RATE An active alarm indicates that

measured respiratory rate is
higher than the alarm setting.

HIGH
TIDAL
VOLUME

An active alarm indicates that
exhaled volume for three out of
four consecutive breaths was
above the alarm setting.

LOW INSP
PRESSURE

An active alarm indicates that
monitored circuit pressure is
below the alarm setting at the
end of inspiration. Inactive in for
any spontaneous breath.

LOW
TIDAL
VOLUME

An active alarm indicates that
delivered volume for three out
of four consecutive breaths were
below the alarm setting. (If this
alarm is set to 0 ml and breath
type is PCV, an active alarm
indicates that delivered volume
is less than 3 ml for three out of
four consecutive breaths.)

0 to 99 L
Accuracy:

 (10 ml + 10% of reading)

3 to 100 /minute
Accuracy:

 (0.1 +1% of setting)/minute

20 to 6000 ml
Accuracy:

 (10 ml + 10% of setting)

3 to 60 cmH

O (3 to 60 hPa)

2

Accuracy:
 (1 + 3% of setting)

0 to 2000 ml
Accuracy:

 (10 ml + 10% of setting)

1-27

Introduction

Table 1-4: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: PATIENT DATA

Key/

indicator

Function Range

Alarm settings (continued)

HIGH
PRESSURE

An active alarm indicates that
two consecutive breaths were
truncated because circuit
pressure reached the alarm
setting.

LOW
MINUTE
VOLUME

An active alarm indicates that
monitored minute volume is less
than the alarm setting, based on
an eight-breath running average
or the previous minute,
whichever is less.

Other indicators

Pressure
bar graph

Shows real-time pressures in
centimeters of water (cmH2O) or
hectopascals (hPa).

LEDs show the current HIGH
PRESSURE alarm setting and the
peak pressure of the last breath
during exhalation.

Volume
bar graph
(760 only)

Shows real-time exhaled volume
in milliliters (ml). Volumes are
compliance-compensated and
corrected to BTPS.

The active scale is determined by
the HIGH TIDAL VOLUME alarm
setting. LEDs show the current
HIGH TIDAL VOLUME and LOW
TIDAL VOLUME alarm settings.
You can use the MENU key to
enable or disable the volume bar
graph. During exhalation, LEDs
show the maximum exhaled
volume of the last breath.

MAND Lights at the start of each breath

to indicate a ventilator- or
operator-initiated (time or
manually triggered) mandatory
breath is being delivered.

10 to 90 cmH

O

2

(10 to 90 hPa)
Accuracy:

 (1 + 3% of setting)

0 to 50 L
Accuracy:

 (10 ml + 10% of setting)

-10 to 90 cmH
(-10to90hPa)

Resolution: 1 cmH

If HIGH TIDAL VOLUME
setting < 500 ml: 0 to 500 ml

Resolution: 5 ml

If HIGH TIDAL VOLUME
setting

500 ml: 0 to 2000 ml

>
Resolution: 20 ml

Not applicable

O

2

O (1 hPa)

2

1-28

Introduction

Table 1-4: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: PATIENT DATA

Key/

indicator

Other indicators (continued)

ASSIST Lights at the start of each breath

to indicate a patient-initiated
mandatory (flow triggered)
breath is being delivered.

SPONT Lights at the start of each breath

to indicate a patient-initiated
spontaneous (flow triggered)
breath is being delivered.

Function Range

Not applicable

Not applicable

1.3.3 VENTILATOR STATUS

The VENTILATOR STATUS section of the keyboard shows the operating
condition of the ventilator, and is continuously updated during
operation. Table 1-5 summarizes the functions of the keys and
indicators in the VENTILATOR STATUS section of the keyboard.

Table 1-5: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: VENTILATOR STATUS

Key/

indicator

ALARM Red

Color Function

Flashes when a high-priority alarm is active.

(high priority)

A repeating sequence of three, then two
beeps sounds. Lights steadily when a high­priority alarm has been autoreset.

CAUTION Yellow

(medium
priority)

NORMAL Green Lights when no alarm condition is present.

Flashes when a medium-priority alarm is
active. A repeating sequence of three beeps
sounds. Lights steadily when a medium­priority alarm has been autoreset.

1-29

Introduction

Table 1-5: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: VENTILATOR STATUS

Key/

indicator

VENT INOP Red

(high priority)

SAFETY
VALVE

Red
(high priority)

OPEN

ON AC/

Green Lights when the ventilator is running on ac
BATTERY
CHARGING

Color Function

Lights to indicate that the ventilator
is inoperative, and the ventilator safety
valve is open. A qualified service technician
must run and pass the extended self-test
(EST) before normal ventilation can resume.

If the condition that caused the safety valve
to open no longer exists, and the VENT
INOP indicator is off, press the alarm reset
key to resume ventilation.

Lights when the ventilator’s safety valve
and exhalation valve open and only room
air is available to the patient.

Can indicate that the ventilator is inoperative,
or there is an occlusion in the ventilator
breathing circuit. If possible, the message
window shows the alarm that triggered the
safety valve open condition and how much
time has elapsed since the last breath was
triggered.

power and the battery is charging.

ON
INTERNAL

Yellow Flashes when the ventilator is running on

the internal battery.

BATTERY

ON
EXTERNAL

Yellow Flashes when the ventilator is running on

the external battery.

BATTERY

INTERNAL
BATTERY

Green Shows the relative charge level of the

internal battery.

LEVEL

Yellow Alarm silence: Silences the alarm sound for

2 minutes from the most recent key press.

7-00423

1-30

Introduction

Table 1-5: 700 Series Ventilator keyboards: VENTILATOR STATUS

Key/

indicator

7-00424

Color Function

Not applicable Alarm reset: Reestablishes all alarm

indicators, cancels the alarm silence period,
and resets the patient data displays. If the
condition that caused the alarm still exists,
the alarm reactivates. Cancels apnea
ventilation, if active. Reestablishes previous
settings and ventilation resumes, unless the
ventilator is inoperative.

1-31

This page is intentionally blank.

1-32

Setting up the ventilator

Warning

This section tells you how to set up the ventilator, including:

• Connecting and using the internal and external batteries

• Connecting the electrical supply

• Connecting the oxygen supply

• Connecting the ventilator breathing circuit

• Installing the collector vial

• Installing the flex arm

• Installing the humidifier

• Using the ventilator cart

• To avoid tipping or damaging the ventilator, do not stack
oth

er equipment on the ventilator. 700 Series Ventilators

are designed to be mounted on either a cart or a shelf by

lified service technician. When lifting the ventilator, li

qua

m the base, and use assistance and appropriate safety

fro
precautions. Figure 2-1 shows proper lifting technique.

a
ft

Setting up the ventilator

Caution

Warning

Use two people to lift

7-00053

Lift ventilator from
base only

• To avoid the possibility of injury to the patient and to
ensure proper ventilator operation, do not atta
de
sp

• To minimize the increased risk of fire due to an oxygen­enriched environment, do not use the ventilat
hype

• To avoid raising the oxygen concentration of room air, use
the ventilator in an adequately ventilated room.

Do not obstruct the cooling fan.

ch any

vice to the port labeled “EXHAUST” unless the device

ecifically authorized by Covidien.

or in a

rbaric chamber.

is

Figure 2-1. Lifting the ventilator

2.1 Connecting and using internal and external batteries

A Covidien battery must always be installed in the ventilator.
Without a battery, the ventilator is not protected against low
or lost ac power. Do not use the ventilator unless a battery
with at least minimal charge is installed.

2-2

Setting up the ventilator

7-00054

Internal
battery level

NOTE:

If the ventilator has been stored for an extended period, allow
it to acclimate to its environment before turning it on. This
helps ensure that the ventilator powers up correctly.

Every 700 Series Ventilator System includes an internal battery as a
backup power supply that comes standard with the ventilator.
The internal battery can provide up to 2

½ hours of backup power,

depending on ventilator settings and battery charge level. The
ventilator operates on backup power when ac power is lost or drops
below minimum. The internal battery’s charge level is continuously
indicated on the keyboard (see Figure 2-2). The ventilator alarms
when it determines that only 5 minutes of power remain using the
current settings.

Figure 2-2. Internal battery charge indicator

The optional external battery supplies up to 7 additional hours of
backup power in case ac power is lost or falls below minimum. (See
Appendix B for external battery ordering information.) If installed,
the external battery is the first source of backup power. The ventilator
uses the internal battery if the external battery is depleted or is not
connected.

NOTE:

When the ventilator switches off because battery charge is
inadequate, turn off the power switch to prevent the battery
from being fully depleted. Connect the ventilator to ac power
as soon as possible.

2-3

Setting up the ventilator

Caution

The ventilator charges the internal and external batteries during ac
power operation, or in standby mode when attached to ac power.
(See Appendix C for battery specifications.) When the ventilator is
operating on battery, you can use the MENU key to check the
estimated operational time remaining until recharge is required for
the internal and external batteries. (Chapter 6 tells you how to use
the MENU key.) The ventilator must operate for 2 minutes before it
can estimate battery time remaining.

You can disconnect and connect the external battery during normal
operation. When operating the ventilator on battery power, you can
install the external battery on the cart for easy transport. Follow these
steps to connect the external battery:

1. Mount the external battery on the base of the cart (or othe
table location).

sui

r

2. Plug the external battery’s cable into the connector (Figure 2-3).

3. Figure 2-4 shows you how to disconnect the external battery.

To ensure that the batteries retain their charge, store the ventilator
in standby mode, with its power switch on, and connected to ac
power. If the ventilator is not stored in this manner, check battery
charge levels before using the ventilator.

If you plan to store the ventilator for more than 6 months,
remove batteries before storage. Replace the internal battery
before using the ventilator again. A qualified service technician
must replace the battery according to the instructions in the 700
Series Ventilator System Service Manual.

If you turn on the ventilator after it has been unplugged for an
extended period, the LOW EXT BATTERY and LOW INT BATTERY
alarms may become active. If so, recharge the internal battery by
leaving the ventilator plugged in and turned on in standby mode
(with no patient connected) for up to 8 hours.

If the LOW EXT BATTERY, LOW INT BATTERY, or BAT NOT CHARGING
alarm is still active after 8 hours, replace the batteries. If you turn off
the ventilator when the battery is absent or inadequately charged, a
LOSS OF POWER alarm sounds for at least 2 minutes.

2-4

Setting up the ventilator

7-00055

External
battery
connector

External
battery

NOTE:

The ON BATTERY indicator flashes when the ventilator is
operating on battery power.

2-5

Figure 2-3. Plugging the external battery into the ventilator

Setting up the ventilator

Warning

7-00051

Figure 2-4. Disconnecting the external battery

2.2 Connecting the electrical supply

• To avoid electrical shock hazard, connect the ventilator
power cord into a grounded ac power outlet. If the integrit
of

the ac ground is in question, operate the ventilator fr
e internal or external battery.

th

• If used in the U.S., connect the ventilator to an ac
mar

ked “Hospital Only” or “Hospital Grade” to ensure

grounding reliability.

y

om

receptacle

2-6

Every 700 Series Ventilator System is supplied with a power cord.
A power cord retainer covers the connector and socket to protect
against liquid spills or accidental disconnection.

When the ventilator is ready for operation on ac power, connect the
power cord to ac power (see Figure 2-5).

Setting up the ventilator

7-00056

Power cord retainer

Power cord

To ac
power

7-00057

NOTE:

During operation on ac power, the power cord retainer must
always be in place.

Figure 2-5. Connecting the ventilator power cord

When the power cord is not in use, you can wrap the power cord
around the brackets on the back of the ventilator for convenient
storage (see Figure 2-6).

2-7

Figure 2-6. Storing the power cord on the ventilator

Setting up the ventilator

Warning

Warning

Caution

2.3 Connecting the oxygen supply

• To ensure proper oxygen concentration, do not obstruct the
vent

ilator’s air intake.

• To ensure adequate oxygen delivery to the patient, us

vidien-supplied oxygen hoses only. Use of other oxygen

Co
hoses could result in inadequate or inappropriate ox
pr

essures or leaks at the oxygen inlet.

• When using a cylinder oxygen supply, point the cylind
pr

essure relief device away from the vent

T

his helps avoid creating an oxygen-rich environmen

ithin the ventilator in the event that the cylind

w

gulator malfunctions.

re

The 700 Series Ventilator System can use oxygen from a cylinder or
wall supply. Follow these steps to connect the oxygen supply:

e

ygen

er's

ilator air intake.

t

er oxygen

1. Ensure that the oxygen supply pressure is between 40 and 90 ps
(

275 and 620 kPa) (50 psi (345 kPa) recommended).

Due to excessive restriction of certain hose assemblies (listed in
Table B-1), reduced FiO
pressures< 50 psi (345 kPa) are used. To maintain correct FiO

levels may result when oxygen inlet

2

2

levels, make sure that oxygen inlet pressure is  50 psi (345 kPa)
when using these hose assemblies.

2. Connect the oxygen supply to the oxygen inlet connector on the
side o

f the ventilator (see Figure 2-7). Make sure ventilator

con

figured with adapter(s) as required.

is

To prevent damage to the ventilator, ensure that the
connection to the oxygen supply is clean and unlubricated.

i

2-8

Setting up the ventilator

7-00058

Oxygen inlet
connector

Oxygen hose (to
oxygen supply)

Air intake

NOTE:

Whenever a pressurized oxygen source is connected to the
ventilator, the oxygen regulator has a maximum bleed rate of
3 L/min, even when the ventilator is not in use. Always take this
bleed rate into account when calculating oxygen cylinder volume
and duration. This is especially important when using the
ventilator and cart while transporting patients who are being
ventilated at above-ambient FiO

levels.

2

Figure 2-7. Connecting the oxygen supply

2-9

Setting up the ventilator

Warning

Caution

2.4 Connecting the ventilator breathing circuit

• To minimize the risk of bacterial contamination or
comp

onent damage, inspiratory and expiratory filters must
always be handled with care and connected to the
ventilator during use.

• Use of an external pneumatically powered nebulizer with
700 Series V
breathing circuit.

volumes, spirometry and spirometry alarms,

tidal
Fi

O

, and patient triggering. (However, the Covidien EasyNeb

2

Nebu
patient with
data.)

•

To minimize the risk of patient injury, use only ventilato
br

eathing circuits qualified for use in oxygen-enriched
environments with 700 Series Ventilators. Do not us
antistat
tight connection, only use connectors and tubes with ISO­standard cone and socket fittings (or use adapters to
connect barbed cuff fittings to ISO-standard fittings).

• Use ventilator breathing circuits identified by Covidien fo
us

e with 700 Series Ventilators or circuits that ensu

th

e maximum resistance values specified in Table C-5 ar

exceeded.

event the ventilator from ventilating as long as th

pr
vent

ilator passes SST.

entilator results in added flow to the ventil

This additional flow can af

lizer is designed to

deliver aerosol medications to the

out affecting ventilator performance or patien

ic or electrically conductive tubing. To ensure a leak-

Using a circuit with a higher resistance do

a

ator

fect delivered

delivered

t

r

e

r

re that

e not

es not

e

2-10

Adding accessories to the ventilator can increase system
resistance. Ensure that any changes to the recommended
ventilator circuit configurations do not exceed the values for
resistance provided in

Appendix C.

Setting up the ventilator

NOTE:

• Covidien recommends that you run SST every 15 days,
between patients, and when you change the ventilator
breathing circuit. Covidien recognizes that the protocol for
running SST varies widely among healthcare institutions.
It is not possible for Covidien to specify or require specific
practices that will meet all needs, or to be responsible for
the effectiveness of those practices.

• The ventilator uses an oxygen sensor to trigger an alarm if
the delivered % O
the % O

setting. You can view the ventilator’s % O

2

is 10 percentage points above or below

2

2

measurement by using the User settings function of the
MENU key.

• Check the inspiratory and expiratory limbs of the ventilator
breathing circuit and the collector vial and in-line water
traps regularly for water buildup. Under certain conditions,
they can fill quickly. In case of a partial occlusion alarm,
check for water in the ventilator breathing circuit. In very
severe cases, such a water occlusion can potentially cause
the ventilator to enter occlusion cycling mode. Empty and
clean the collector vial and in-line water traps as necessary.

• Covidien recommends using pediatric circuits when
ventilating patients with 5-mm or smaller internal-diameter
artificial airways.

Figure 2-8 shows how to connect the ventilator breathing circuit,
including the inspiratory filter, humidifier (if used), inspiratory limb,
patient wye, expiratory limb, collector vial, and expiratory filter.

2-11

Setting up the ventilator

7-00059

Ventilator
(to patient)

Inspiratory filter
(arrow on filter
indicates direction
of flow)

Humidifier

Inspiratory limb of the
ventilator breathing
circuit (install EasyNeb
between inspiratory
filter and patient wye)

Patient wye

Expiratory

limb of the

ventilator
breathing

circuit

Collector vial

Expiratory filter

(arrow on filter

indicates direction

of flow)

Ventilator

(from patient)

2-12

Figure 2-8 . Connecting the ventilator breathing circuit

2.5 Installing the collector vial

7-00060

Bracket (on
cart or shelf­mounting
plate)

Collector

vial

Figure 2-9 shows you how to slide the collector vial into the bracket
on the cart or shelf mounting plate.

Figure 2-9. Installing the collector vial

Setting up the ventilator

2.6 Installing the flex arm

Figure 2-10 shows you how to install the flex arm onto the threaded
socket on the ventilator.

2-13

Setting up the ventilator

7-00061

Flex arm

NOTE:

If the flex arm is too large to fit into a tight space, you can
shorten the arm by removing the middle segment (Figure 2-11).

Figure 2-10. Installing the flex arm

2-14

Setting up the ventilator

Remove

Remove

Remove

Figure 2-11. Shortening the flex arm

2.7 Installing the humidifier

Figure 2-12 shows you how to slide the humidifier into the bracket
on the cart or shelf mounting plate.

NOTE:

The humidifier must be powered independently of the
ventilator (regardless of whether the ventilator is running on
ac or battery power).

2-15

Setting up the ventilator

7-00063

Bracket (on
cart or shelf­mounting
plate)

Humidifier

Figure 2-12. Installing the humidifier

2-16

2.8 Using the ventilator cart

Caution

Unlocked

Locked

7-00064

Unlocked

Ventilator
cart base

The ventilator cart is equipped with a storage area for the external
battery. You can lock and unlock the cart’s front wheels with your
foot, as shown in Figure 2-13.

To prevent equipment damage, pull, rather than push, the
ventilator over high thresholds when using the cart to transport
the ventilator. Ensure that the flex arm is positioned at the front
of the ventilator.

Setting up the ventilator

Figure 2-13. Locking and unlocking the cart’s front wheels

2-17

2-18

This page is intentionally blank.

Getting started

This section tells you how to:

• Power up the ventilator

• Select ventilator settings

• View and change alarm limits

• Enter and exit standby mode

NOTE:

Covidien recommends that before using the ventilator for the
first time, you wipe the ventilator exterior clean and sterilize its
components according to the instructions in Appendix A. Follow
your institution’s protocol for cleaning and sterilizing the
ventilator and its components.

3.1 Powering up the ventilator

NOTE:

To ensure battery charge(s), store the ventilator in standby
mode with the power cord plugged into the mains and the
power switch in the on (I) position whenever possible. The
power switch controls ac mains and battery power to the
ventilator.

Getting started

Warning

7-00065

1. Turn the power switch on (see Figure 3-1). The ventilator
disp

lays this mess

P

OST running...

age:

NPB 7x0 S/W Rev x
PM due xxxxx hrs

“PM due” refers to the number of hours until a routine
preventive maintenance procedure is due, based on the
ventilator’s operational hours.

If a single beep is not audible during POST, the main audible
alarm may be malfunctioning. Remove the ventilator from use
and contact service.

NOTE:

• If the ventilator is running on ac but the battery is low, u
wer up it may begin ventilating using th

po

ttings and an ABNORMAL RESTART alarm may occur.

se

• Do not switch off ventilator power during POST

e last valid

.

pon

3-

2

Figure 3-1. Turning the power switch on (the “I” position)

Getting started

Warning

Caution

2. Once the power-on self-test (POST) is complete (several
seconds), the ventilator displays the message:

Accept settings
to start ventilation

The last valid settings are proposed, and the appropriate
indicator lights to show the ventilator’s source of power.

Always let the ventilator run for 10 minutes before placing it
on a patient to allow heaters to warm up. Failure to warm up
the ventilator could result in failure of the SST flow sensor test,
and higher measured exhaled tidal volumes.

Covidien recommends running short self-test (SST) and testing
alarms to check proper operation of the ventilator before
ventilation begins or according to your institution’s protocol.
Chapter 4 tells you how to run SST. Appendix E tells you how
to test alarms.

NOTE:

If the ventilator detects low oxygen pressure, a low battery
level, or an occluded or missing air intake filter during POST,
POST continues uninterrupted. These alarms become active
when POST is complete, and you can override them by pressing
the alarm reset key.

3-3

Getting started

A/C

SIMV

SPONT

7-00066

Press each flashing key
and turn the knob to
adjust.

3.2 Selecting ventilator settings

NOTE:

Each keypress should result in a “blip” sound; otherwise, the
main alarm speaker may be faulty. If a keypress does not result
in this sound, turn the ventilator off then on to run POST and
verify the proper functioning of the speaker.

1. Select the mode: To select a mode, press A/C, SIMV, or SPONT.
(Appendix D gives a detailed explanation of these ventilatio
mod

es.)

In assist/control (A/C) mode, you can only select volume
control ventilation (VCV) or pressure control
ventilation (PCV) settings (PCV is only available on the
760 Ventilator).

In synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation
(SIMV) mode, you can select both VCV or PCV (760 only)
and pressure support ventilation (PSV) settings.

In spontaneous (SPONT) mode, you can only select PSV
settings.

n

2. Confirm or change settings: For every flashing key light, yo

3-

4

mus

t touch the key (and adjust the setting if necess

can apply the settings. You can confirm or change setting

you
in any orde

r.

Once you press a key, the proposed
setting flashes to indicate that the
knob is linked to the selected
setting. The setting’s LCD window
shows the setting and the message
window displays the current
setting, range, units, name of the
setting, and associated parameter.
Turn the knob to change the
setting or press another key to
leave the setting as is. (The setting
then stops flashing.)

u

ary) before

s

Getting started

PEEP/CPAP

TRIGGER

SENSITIVITY

L/min

% O2

ACCEPT

7-00067

3. Press CLEAR to cancel the most recently changed setting and
return to the last valid setting. (This only works if you haven’t
pressed ACCEPT yet.) Pressing CLEAR after you’ve pressed
100% O

stops the 100% O2 maneuver. The ventilator will beep

2

if you attempt to change a setting to a value above or below
the setting range.

4. PEEP/CPAP, TRIGGER SENSITIVITY, and % O

: You

2

can change these settings in any mode. These keys
don’t flash when you select a new mode, and you
are not required to confirm these settings.

NOTE:

The O

% alarm is delayed for 30 seconds and 12 L of tidal

2

volume following a change in setting so that the oxygen
concentration can stabilize.

5. Apply the settings: Press ACCEPT.

NOTE:

If apnea ventilation is possible, the ventilator displays this
message when normal ventilation begins:

Review Ta = xx s

where Ta is the apnea interval and xx is the current setting in
seconds (from 10 to 60 s). Chapter 5 tells you how to adjust
apnea ventilation parameters. You are not required to review
apnea parameters before normal ventilation begins.

3-5

Getting started

Warning

7-00066

7-00068

Ventilation begins according to the displayed settings and the
existing alarm limits. You should review all alarm limits and
change them if necessary. (Section 3.3 tells you how.) You can
change alarm limits or ventilator settings at any time during
normal ventilation.

In PSV it is impossible to set support pressure + PEEP to
deliberately cause a HIGH PRESSURE alarm. Although Covidien
does not recommend doing so, it is possible in VCV to set a tidal
volume that causes breath truncation and a HIGH PRESSURE
alarm. To avoid activating a HIGH PRESSURE alarm, select the
appropriate TIDAL VOLUME and HIGH PRESSURE alarm settings.

3.3 Viewing and changing alarm settings

You can view alarm settings at any time without affecting
ventilation by pressing the appropriate key. The ALARM SETTINGS
window displays the value of the alarm being viewed or changed.
The alarm setting flashes for up to 30 seconds, and you can change
an alarm setting any time its setting is flashing in the window.

All alarm settings are in effect during ventilation (except for
LOW INSP PRESSURE, which is not active in SPONT mode). You can
change alarm settings at any time during ventilation. You can only
change one alarm setting at a time.

3-

6

To change a setting: touch, turn, ACCEPT.

1. Touch the key: The key light turns
on, and the current alarm setting
flashes in the window for 30
seconds. The message window
shows the current setting, range,
and units of the alarm.

2. Turn the knob to adjust the alarm
setting (this only works when the
alarm setting is flashing in the
window). The ventilator will beep if
you attempt to select a setting
above or below the setting range.

3. Press ACCEPT to apply the new

Warning

ACCEPT

7-00067

alarm setting
se

tting stops flashing a

sage win

mes

sage:

mes

. The new alarm

nd the

dow displays this

Setting(s) accepted

• Inadvertent extubation in which the endotracheal tube
remains
pr

connected to the breathing circuit could result

essurization above the LOW INSP PRESSURE alarm setting.

The LOW INSP PRESSURE and low volume alarms sh

t appropriately.

se

• To ensure patient safety, always set the LOW
VOLUME and

HIGH RATE alarms.

TIDAL

NOTE:

The O
O
and the low O
the set % O

% alarm limits are based on the set % O2. The high

2

% alarm limit is 10 percentage points above the set % O2,

2

% alarm limit is 10 percentage points below

2

. The measured % O2 is shown in the message

2

window if its display is enabled (using the Oxygen sensor
menu function, described in Chapter 6).

Getting started

in

ould be

3.4 Entering and exiting standby mode

Standby mode is a waiting state in which there is no ventilation, but
the ventilator maintains its settings and battery charge(s).

3-7

Getting started

Warning

• To avoid raising the oxygen concentration of room air,
ensure that the ventilator is in an adequately ventilat
ro

om if connected to an oxygen supply while in stan

e. Disconnect the oxygen supply if you do not intend to

mod
use the ventilator immediately.

• To avoid patient injury due to lack of ventilatory support, do
not enter standby mode with a patient atta

ilator. You must confirm that no patient is attached

vent

ched to the

before entering standby mode.

NOTE:

To maintain battery charge(s), the ventilator must be plugged
into ac power with the power switch on while in standby
mode.

Follow these steps to enter standby mode:

ed

dby

3-

1. Turn on the ventilator. If ventilation has already begun,
mus

t turn off the ventilator, then turn it back on withou

st

arting ventilation. This allows you access to the Standby mode

you

t

menu function.

2. Press MENU.

3. Turn the knob to select standby mode.

4. Press ACCEPT. The ventilator displays this message:

Is pt disconnected?
ACCEPT to proceed

5. Confirm that no patient is attached by pressing ACCEPT. (If you
don’t press ACCEPT while this message is displayed, th
vent

ilator will not enter standby mode.)

8

e

Getting started

6. This message tells you that the ventilator is in standby mode:

In standby mode
Clear to exit

The ON AC/BATTERY CHARGING, INTERNAL BATTERY LEVEL,
and SAFETY VALVE OPEN indicators turn on. All other key lights
and displays are off during standby mode. The only alarms that
can become active during standby mode are FAN FAILED ALERT,
BAT NOT CHARGING, LOSS AC POWER, and LOSS OF POWER.

Follow these steps to exit from standby mode and resume ventilation:

1. Press CLEAR.

2. The ventilator displays this message:

POST running...

3. After a few seconds, POST is complete and the ventilator begins
ventilation using the last valid settings.

3-9

3-10

This page is intentionally blank.

Self tests (SST and EST)

Warning

All 700 Series Ventilators include these built-in self tests:

• Short self test (SST) is a short (about 2 to 3 minutes) and
sequen
the ventilator
complia

• Extended self test (EST) is a thorough test of the operationa
integ
pne

• Before running SST or EST, you must disconnect the

• A fault identified in SST or EST indicates that the ventil

ce of tests that verifies proper ventilator op

breathing circuit for leaks, and measures the circui

nce. Power on self test (POST) is part of SST.

rity of the ventilator, both the electronics and

umatics. POST and SST are part of EST.

ventilator from the patient. Running SST or EST while the
ventilator is connected to the patient can injure the patient.

an associated com
or associated component should be repaired before th
ventilator is returned to service, unless it can be determined
with ce
patient,
hazards.

rtainty that the defect cannot create a hazard for

or add to the risks which ma

ponent is defective. A defective ventilator

y arise from other

eration, checks

simple

the

ator or

e

the

t

l

Self tests (SST and EST)

Caution

To ensure accurate SST and EST operation, run SST and EST in
room air (% O
on for at least 10 minutes. (EST also requires an oxygen
supply.)

Table 4-1 describes SST and EST.

Test name Purpose When test is run

is 21%) after the ventilator has been powered

2

Table 4-1: 700 Series Ventilator self tests

Short self
test (SST)

Extended
self test
(EST)

An abbreviated version of EST to
be run primarily by the operator.
Makes detailed checks of the
pneumatics and electronics. It also
characterizes system leaks and
system/tubing compliance to
compensate during breath
delivery. POST is run as part of SST.

Thoroughly tests the operational
integrity of the ventilator, both
the electronics and pneumatics.
POST and SST are part of EST.

Before patient is
connected to the
ventilator or after
ventilator breathing
circuit or humidifier is
changed.

• When the ventilator
is serviced.

• As part of the
ventilator
performance
verification.

• Following a ventilator
inoperative.

NOTE:

The performance verification, described in the 700
Series Ventilator System Service Manual, is a more

thorough test of the ventilator to verify specifications
are met. The technician runs a partial or full
performance verification after servicing the ventilator
and at regular intervals.

4-

2

4.1 Short self test (SST)

Table 4-2 summarizes the functions of SST.

NOTE:

• Covidien recommends that you run SST every 15 da
tween patients, and when you change the ventilat

be

eathing circuit. Covidien recognizes that the pr

br
ru

nning SST varies widely among healthcare institutions

It is

not possible for Covidien to specify or require specif

pr

actices that will meet all needs, or to be responsible fo
e effectiveness of those practices.

th

• When SST asks you to do something (for example, press

ACCEPT or block the patient wye), the ventilator will wa
indefinit

Follow these steps to run SST:

ely for your response.

Self tests (SST and EST)

ys,

or

otocol for

.
ic

r

it

1. Turn on the ventilator. If ventilation has already begun,
must

turn off the ventilator, then turn it back on withou

st

arting ventilation. This allows you access to the Self test menu

function.

If you select the Self test function during ventilation th

ow displays this message:

wind

N/A in ventilation

2. Press MENU, turn the knob to select Self test, then press ACCEPT.
The usual 30-second timeout for your input is disabled during
the entry to the Self test function.

3. The window displays this message:

Short self test
Turn knob to view

4. Turn the knob to select Short self test (you
Extended self test). The

Short self test
Vent warming 09:59
CLEAR to bypass

window displays this message:

can also select

you

t

e

4-3

Self tests (SST and EST)

Warning

If the ventilator has already been running for more than
10 minutes before you select Short self test, this message is
bypassed (see step 5). If the ventilator was recently running and
is already warmed up, you can press CLEAR to override the
Vent warming message and begin SST. Covidien cannot
guarantee the accuracy of test results in this case, however.

5. The window displays this message:

6. Press ACCEPT to confirm that no patient is connected to the
ventilator. (Or press CLEAR to back up through the menu.)
The window displays this message:

7. Block the patient wye and then press ACCEPT.

8. The ventilator runs power-on self-test (POST) and displays this
message for a few seconds:

Is pt disconnected?
ACCEPT to proceed

Block wye

POST running...

4-

4

If a single beep is not audible during POST, the main audible
alarm may be malfunctioning. Remove the ventilator from use
and contact service.

NOTE:

• If the ventilator is running on ac but the battery is low, upon
power up it may begin ventilating using the last valid settings
and an ABNORMAL RESTART alarm may occur.

• During POST it is recommended that you not switch off
ventilator power.

9. The message window then displays this message:

humidification device type

Choose humidifier

where the humidification device type is the most recently
selected type, as follows:

Self tests (SST and EST)

Warning

Warning

• HME: Heat moisture exchanger (“artificial nose”)

• Dual heated wire: Humidifier with heated wire on expiratory
limb, or on both inspiratory and expiratory limbs

• No heated wire: Conventional humidifier without heated
wire circuit on the expiratory limb

Turn the knob to select the humidifier type attached, then
press ACCEPT.

Incorrectly specifying the humidifier type during SST can affect
the accuracy of spirometry calculations.

10. The message window then displays this message:

tubing type

Choose tubing type

where the tubing type is the most recently selected ventilator
breathing circuit type.

Turn the knob to select the ventilator breathing circuit type
(adult or pediatric tubing) attached to the ventilator, then
press ACCEPT.

Incorrectly specifying the ventilator breathing circuit type
during SST can cause an inappropriate sensitivity for the leak
test and occlusion alarm. Covidien recommends using pediatric
circuits when ventilating patients with 5-mm or smaller
internal-diameter artificial airways.

NOTE:

To ensure that compliance compensation functions correctly,
you must run SST with the circuit configured as intended for
use on the patient.

4-5

Self tests (SST and EST)

Warning

11. The message window then displays this message:

Turn the knob to select the appropriate ET (endotracheal tube)
size, then press ACCEPT.

Specifying an ET tube size that is too large can cause premature
termination of breaths on very small pediatric patients. During
normal ventilation, you can use the MENU key’s User settings
function to change the ET tube size (see Chapter 6).

12. The ventilator automatically starts the test sequence. A message
indicat
cannot be interrupted. In most cases you don’t need
a
required. When a test passes, SST automatically starts the next
test.

NOTE:

The PRESSURE bar graph and the PRESSURE display window
show the real-time expiratory pressure throughout SST.

ET size: x.x mm
Choose ET size

es which test is being performed. Once started, a test

to do

nything unless a test result is fault or fail, or your action is

4-

6

These keys are valid during SST:

ACCEPT

CLEAR

MANUAL

INSP

To confirm that a requested action is complete.

To repeat a test, return to the prompt at the start of a test,
or indicate an inaudible alarm (during the Main alarm
speaker test and Backup alarm test only).

To override an Incomplete or Fault test result.

To restart from the beginning of SST.

7-00424

To stop testing and skip to the end of SST.

Self tests (SST and EST)

7-00423
7-00072

NOTE:

If the tubing or humidifier type or ET tube size that
you’ve selected has changed from the previous time
SST was run, this key is temporarily disabled until the
Circuit comp test is complete.

4-7

Self tests (SST and EST)

Display:

Disconnect I tubing
Reconnect I tubing

(Do not disconnect inspiratory filter.)

7-00069

Display:

Unblock wye
Block wye

7-00070

Display:

Disconnect E tubing
Reconnect E tubing

(Do not disconnect expiratory filter.)

7-00071

13. The I/E filter test prompts you to complete these actions (press
ACCEPT when each action is complete):

4-

8

Self tests (SST and EST)

14. When the final test in the sequence is complete, this message is
displayed along with the overall SST result:

SST finished testing

Table 4-3 summarizes overall SST results and how to proceed in
each case.

15. Unblock the patient wye, then press ACCEPT. The ventilator
reruns POST.

Table 4-2: SST sequence of tests

Test Function Comments

Is pt
disconnected?

Leak test Checks the ventilator

P

e Pcyl

compare

Auto-zero sol
test

Circuit comp
test

Asks for confirmation that a
patient is not connected to
the ventilator.

breathing circuit for leaks.
Displays expiratory pressure
on pressure bar graph.

Verifies proper function of
pressure transducers in
internal pneumatics and
ventilator breathing circuit.
Displays expiratory pressure
on pressure bar graph.

Verifies the proper function
(ability to open and close)
of the P
P

cyl

Determines the compliance
of the ventilator breathing
circuit. Displays expiratory
pressure on pressure bar
graph.

(expiratory) and

e

(cylinder) solenoids.

SST cannot proceed until
you confirm that a patient is
not connected.

Fault if not passed.
Overriding a fault could

cause improper compliance
compensation, inaccurate
tidal volume delivery,
or autocycling.

Fault if not passed.
Overriding a fault could

cause improper compliance
compensation,
or autocycling.

Failure if not passed.

Fault if not passed.

Overriding a fault could
cause improper compliance
compensation or inaccurate
tidal volume delivery.

4-9

Self tests (SST and EST)

Test Function Comments

Table 4-2: SST sequence of tests (continued)

Safety valve
test

Verifies that safety valve
relieves excess circuit
pressure. Displays
expiratory pressure on
pressure bar graph.

PEEP system
test

Verifies that the PEEP
system can generate and
maintain preset PEEP levels.
Displays expiratory pressure
on pressure bar graph.

Flow/O

2

sensor test

Checks the accuracy of the
exhalation flow sensor and
the oxygen sensor.

I/E filter test Checks the pressure drop

across the inspiratory and
expiratory limbs of the
entire patient system.
Checks the pressure drop
across the filters.

Failure if not passed.

Failure if not passed.

Failure if flow sensor test

does not pass.
Fault if oxygen sensor test

does not pass. Use the
MENU key’s Oxygen sensor
function to recalibrate the
oxygen sensor (see
Chapter 6).

Overriding a fault (oxygen
sensor test only) could result
in inaccurate % O

2

measurement.

Fault if not passed. This test
is optional: pressing CLEAR
at the initial prompt skips
this test.

Skipping this test or
overriding a fault could
result in inadequate
bacteria protection or
excessive resistance to
inspiration or exhalation.

4-

10

Self tests (SST and EST)

Table 4-2: SST sequence of tests (continued)

Test Function Comments

Heaters test Verifies correct operation of

the heaters in the
exhalation subsystem.

Main alarm
test

Backup alarm
test

Sounds alarm at three
volumes and verifies that
user reports hearing it.

Checks the operation of the
backup alarm circuit.

NOTE:

Faults detected during SST may require removing
the ventilator from clinical use immediately and
servicing it. A trained operator, however, must
evaluate the situation and determine whether the
ventilator can be used. Failures detected during SST
require rerunning SST (using the alarm reset key).
It is not possible to exit SST if SST fails. If SST
continues to fail, the ventilator must be removed
from service.

Fault if not passed.
Overriding a fault could

cause inaccurate monitoring
of exhaled volume or lead to
damage to the ventilator’s
flow sensor or exhalation
valve.

Failure if not passed.
If alarm is audible press

ACCEPT. If not, press CLEAR.

Fault if not passed. If alarm
is audible press ACCEPT.
If not, press CLEAR.

Overriding a fault could
cause no backup audible
alarm in case the main
audible alarm fails.

4-11

Self tests (SST and EST)

Table 4-3: Overall SST results

If the SST

result is:

It means: Do this:

SST passed All tests passed. Press ACCEPT to exit SST

or press the alarm reset
key to restart SST from
the beginning.

SST
incomplete

SST fault One or more tests did not

All tests performed were
passed, but some were
skipped. The skipped tests
were passed on a previous
run.

pass. These tests might not
compromise the ventilator’s
ability to ventilate safely,
based on the operator’s

Press the alarm reset key
to restart SST from the
beginning or press
MANUAL INSP to override
this result and exit SST.*

Press the alarm reset key
to restart SST from the
beginning or press
MANUAL INSP to override
this result and exit SST.*

evaluation of the situation.

SST failed One or more critical

problems were detected.

Press the alarm reset key to
rerun SST. It is not possible
to exit SST if SST fails. If SST
continues to fail, remove
the ventilator from use and
contact service.

4-

* If you press MANUAL INSP to exit SST, you will be prompted to confirm that you

wish to override the fault or incomplete test. Confirm by pressing MANUAL INSP
again.

12

4.2 Extended self test (EST)

Warning

To run EST, you must have the hardware listed in Table 4-4.

Table 4-4: EST hardware requirements

Self tests (SST and EST)

Hardware
description

Ventilator
breathing circuit

Manufacturer/model or Covidien part number

To use as test circuit: G-061208-00 or equivalent (adult,
reusable, without heated wire)

NOTE:

To ensure that compliance compensation
functions correctly, the user must run EST or SST
with the circuit configured as intended for use
on the patient.

Stopper, wye
(no. 2)

Stopper,
inspiration port
(no. 3)

Oxygen source,
40 to 90 psi
(275 to 620 kPa)

Due to excessive restriction of Air Liquide™*, Australian, and
Dräger™* hose assemblies, reduced FiO2 levels can result if you use
oxygen inlet pressures < 50 psi (345 kPa). Make sure oxygen inlet
pressure is 50 psi (345 kPa) when using these hose assemblies, to
maintain correct FiO2 levels.

G-061574-00 or local supplier

G-061575-00 or local supplier

Local supplier

4-13

Self tests (SST and EST)

NOTE:

Covidien recommends that you always run the full EST before
placing the ventilator into operation following service and as
part of the ventilator’s routine performance verification. For
more information on performance verification, see the
700 Series Ventilator System Service Manual.

Follow these steps to run EST:

1. Set up the ventilator as for normal operation, co
hu

midifier, if applicable, and leak-tight ventilator breathing

mplete with

circuit.

2. Turn on the ventilator. If ventilation has already begun,
mus

t turn off the ventilator, then turn it back on withou

st

arting ventilation. This allows you access to the Self test menu

you

t

function.

3. Press MENU, turn the knob to select Self test, then press ACCEPT.

4. Turn the knob to select Extended self test. The window displays
the messages shown in Table 4-5.

Table 4-5: EST setup messages

Message Description

Extended self
test Vent
warming xx:xx
CLEAR to bypass

This message is displayed (followed by a countdown) if
you just turned on the ventilator. The ventilator must
be on for 10 minutes before running EST so that
component temperatures can stabilize.

If the ventilator was recently running and is already
warmed up, you can press CLEAR to override the Vent
warming message and begin SST. Covidien cannot
guarantee the accuracy of test results in this case,
however.

4-

14

Is pt
disconnected?

Block wye Install no. 2 stopper and then press ACCEPT.

Confirm that patient is disconnected by pressing
ACCEPT; or press CLEAR to return to service menu.

Self tests (SST and EST)

Warning

Table 4-5: EST setup messages (continued)

Message Description

POST running... Wait a few seconds until POST is completed.

NOTE:

• If a single beep is not audible during POST,
the main audible alarm may be
malfunctioning. Contact service.

• During POST do not switch off ventilator
power.

humidification
device type

Choose
humidifier

Turn knob to select desired humidification device,
then press ACCEPT. Device types include: HME (heat­moisture exchanger or “artificial nose”), Dual heated
wire (humidifier with heated wires on both inspiratory
and expiratory limbs), or No heated wire (humidifier
without a heated wire on expiratory limb).

Incorrectly specifying the humidifier type during
EST can affect the accuracy of spirometry
calculations.

4-15

Self tests (SST and EST)

Warning

Warning

Message Description

Table 4-5: EST setup messages (continued)

tubing type

Choose tubing
type

ET size: x.x mm
Choose ET size

Turn knob to select either Adult tubing or Pediatric
tubing and then press ACCEPT.

Incorrectly specifying the ventilator breathing
circuit type during EST can cause an
inappropriate sensitivity for the leak test and
occlusion alarm. Covidien recommends using
pediatric circuits when ventilating patients with
5-mm or smaller internal-diameter artificial
airways.

NOTE:

To ensure that compliance compensation
functions correctly, run EST with the circuit
configured as intended for use on the patient.

Turn knob to select appropriate ET (endotracheal
tube) size, and then press ACCEPT.

Specifying an ET tube size that is too large can
cause premature termination of breaths on very
small pediatric patients. During normal
ventilation, you can use the MENU key’s User
settings function to change the ET tube size (see
Chapter 6).

4-

16

Self tests (SST and EST)

5. The ventilator automatically starts the test sequence (Table 4-6).
Unless a test requires your intervention (and waits indefinitely
for your response), you don’t need to do anything until a test
result is fault or failed, or EST is complete. Use the keys listed in
Table 4-7 as needed.

Table 4-6: EST test sequence

Test n u m b e r

and name

1. DAC-ADC
loop test

2. Safety valve
test

3. Motor
sensor test

4. Zeroing of
P

o

solenoids

5. O

2

test

Function Comments

A loopback test to check
digital-to-analog (D/A) and
analog-to-digital (A/D)
converters’ operation.

Verifies that safety valve
relieves excess circuit
pressure.

Checks operation of rotary
encoder.

Zeroes oxygen regulator
pressure transducer.

Disconnect and reconnect
oxygen supply, as directed.

Press ACCEPT to signify you
have performed each
requested action.

Checks oxygen solenoids
and oxygen sensor.

Failure if not passed. Not in
SST.

Failure if not passed. Also in
SST.

Failure if not passed. Not in
SST.

Fault if not passed. Not in
SST.

NOTE:

Overriding this fault
could result in
inaccurate oxygen
percentage delivery.

Fault if not passed. Not in
SST.

NOTE:

Overriding this fault
could result in
inaccurate oxygen
percentage delivery.

6. Flow sensor
test

4-17

Checks accuracy of
exhalation flow sensor.

Failure if not passed. Also in
SST.

Self tests (SST and EST)

Table 4-6: EST test sequence (continued)

Test n u m b e r

and name

7. Leak test Checks ventilator breathing
circuit for leaks.

7. P

ePcyl

compare
(also part
of test 7)

Verifies proper functioning
of pressure transducers and
ventilator breathing circuit.

Function Comments

Fault if not passed. Also in
SST.

NOTE:

Overriding this fault
could cause improper
compliance
compensation,
inaccurate tidal volume
delivery, or autocycling.

Fault if not passed. Also in
SST.

NOTE:

Overriding this fault
could cause improper
compliance
compensation,
inaccurate tidal volume
delivery, or autocycling.

4-

18

7. Auto-zero

sol test (also
part of
test 7)

8. Circuit comp

test

Verifies the proper function
of the Pe and P

Determines ventilator
breathing circuit
compliance.

solenoids.

cyl

Failure if not passed. Also in
SST.

NOTE:

Overriding this fault
could cause improper
compliance
compensation,
inaccurate tidal volume
delivery, or autocycling.

Fault if not passed. Also in
SST.

Self tests (SST and EST)

Table 4-6: EST test sequence (continued)

Test n u m b e r

and name

9. I/E filter test Checks pressure drop across
inspiratory and expiratory
limbs of entire patient
system. Checks pressure
drop across filters.

Disconnect and reconnect
inspiration (I) tube from/to
inspiratory filter outlet, and
exhalation (E) tube from/to
expiratory filter inlet, as
directed. Block and unblock
wye with a no. 2 stopper, as
directed. Press ACCEPT to
signify you have performed
each requested action.

10. PEEP

system test

Verifies that PEEP system can
generate and maintain
preset PEEP levels within
either of two sets of limits. If
results are within the inner
set of limits, test passes the
first time. If the results are
outside of the outer set of
limits, test fails the first
time. If the results are
outside the inner limits but
within the outer limits, the
ventilator adjusts its
calibration table in
nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM)
and repeats the test to verify
the calibration. The test fails
if the calibration cannot be
verified after five attempts.

Function Comments

Fault if not passed. Also in
SST. Mandatory in EST, but
optional in SST.

NOTE:

Overriding this fault
could result in
inadequate bacteria
protection or excessive
resistance to inspiration
or exhalation.

Failure if not passed. Also in
SST, but not identical.

11. Check

valve test

4-19

Checks check valves on inlet
and outlet ports of cylinder
and on exhalation limb of
ventilator breathing circuit.

Failure if not passed. Not in
SST.

Self tests (SST and EST)

Table 4-6: EST test sequence (continued)

Test n u m b e r

and name

12. Piston leak
test

13. Lights­displays
test

14. Keys test Verifies that every row and

Checks piston leak against a
table of leak values stored
in NVRAM.

First remove inspiratory filter;
then block and unblock
inspiratory filter port as
directed, using no. 3 stopper.
Press ACCEPT to signify you
have performed each
requested action. Replace
inspiratory tubing at end of
test.

Verifies that lights and
displays function.

Observe each named display,
and press ACCEPT to verify
that it is lit. Press CLEAR if a
display is not lit.

column of key matrix can be
correctly read.

Press each named key (each
key’s LED will also be lit).
Press CLEAR if a key’s LED is
not lit.

Function Comments

Failure if not passed. Not in
SST.

Failure if not passed. Not in
SST.

Failure if not passed. Not in
SST.

4-

20

15. Main alarm
test

Checks whether various
alarm sounds are audible (at
maximum volume).

Listen for each named
sound, then press ACCEPT to
verify that it is audible. Press
CLEAR if a sound is not
audible.

Failure if not passed. Also in
SST.

Self tests (SST and EST)

Table 4-6: EST test sequence (continued)

Test n u m b e r

and name

16. Backup
alarm test

17. Fan test Verifies that main fan is

18. Heaters
test

Checks operation of backup
alarm circuit.

Press ACCEPT if alarm is
audible or press CLEAR if
alarm is not audible.

operating correctly by
reading fan status bits.

Verifies correct operation of
heaters in exhalation
system.

Function Comments

Fault if not passed. Also in
SST.

NOTE:

Overriding this fault
could result in no
audible alarm if the
main speaker fails.

Failure if not passed. Not in
SST.

Fault if not passed. Also in
SST.

NOTE:

Overriding this fault
could result in
inaccurate monitoring
of exhaled volume or
damage to the
ventilator’s flow sensor
or exhalation valve.

At the end of each test, the test name and pass/fail/fault status
are displayed. When a test passes, EST automatically starts the
next test. You do not need to do anything unless a test result is
Fault or Fail, or your action is required. If a test does not pass,
you can still continue EST, although the overall EST result is not
passed until the error condition is corrected. Since information
on multiple errors can help troubleshooting, it can be useful to
complete EST even with errors.

4-21

Self tests (SST and EST)

ACCEPT

CLEAR

MANUAL

INSP

Table 4-7: Key functions during EST

Key Function

To confirm that a requested action is complete.

Repeat a test or return to prompt at start of a test.

To override an Incomplete or Fault test result.

To restart from the beginning of SST.

7-00424

To stop testing and skip to the end of SST.

4-

22

7-00423
7-00072

NOTE:

If the tubing or humidifier type or ET tube size
that you’ve selected has changed from the
previous time SST was run, this key is temporarily
disabled until the Circuit comp test is complete.

6. Some tests display additional prompts, some of which require
your

response. These are listed in Table 4-8.

Table 4-8: Prompts during EST

Prompt Your response

Disconnect O
supply

Reconnect O
supply

2

Disconnect ventilator from oxygen supply.
Press ACCEPT.

2

Reconnect ventilator to oxygen supply. Press ACCEPT.

Self tests (SST and EST)

Table 4-8: Prompts during EST (continued)

Prompt Your response

Disconnect I tubing Disconnect tubing from inspiratory filter outlet.

Leave inspiratory filter in place. Press ACCEPT.

I drop = x x.x at 100

or

I drop = x x.x at 40
Reconnect I tubing

This is the inspiratory filter pressure drop in cmH

O at

2

a flow of 100 L/min (adult tubing) or 40 L/min
(pediatric tubing). Reconnect tubing to inspiratory
filter outlet. Press ACCEPT.

Unblock wye Remove stopper from patient wye. Press ACCEPT.

Block wye Insert a stopper into patient wye. Press ACCEPT.

Disconnect E tubing Reconnect tubing to inspiratory filter outlet, and

disconnect tubing from expiratory filter inlet. Leave
expiratory filter in place. Press ACCEPT.

E drop = x.x at 100

or

E drop = x x.x at 40
Reconnect E tubing

This is the expiratory filter pressure drop in cmH
a flow of 100 L/min (adult tubing) or 40 L/min
(pediatric tubing). Press ACCEPT. Reconnect tubing to
expiratory filter outlet.

O at

2

Block insp filt port Remove inspiratory filter. Insert no. 3 stopper into

inspiratory filter outlet. Press ACCEPT.

Reconnect I tubing Remove stopper from inspiratory filter outlet.

Reinstall inspiratory filter. Press ACCEPT.

Name of a section
of display

Upper MDW =
blocks?

Press ACCEPT to confirm that all LEDs/LCDs in named
section are on.

Press ACCEPT to confirm that all pixels are turned on
in upper half.

Lower MDW =
blocks?

Press ACCEPT to confirm that all pixels are turned on
in lower half.

Name of a key Press named key.

High alarm sound Confirm that you hear alarm by pressing ACCEPT.

Medium alarm

Confirm that you hear alarm by pressing ACCEPT.

sound

4-23

Self tests (SST and EST)

No sound Confirm that you do not hear alarm by pressing

Table 4-8: Prompts during EST (continued)

Prompt Your response

ACCEPT.

Is backup alarm
ON?

Confirm that you hear alarm by pressing ACCEPT.

7. When the last test in the sequence is complete, the EST
comp

letion status is displayed (Table 4-9). Respond as indicate

If cert

ain tests do not pass, safe ventilation

romised, and the ventilator is rendered inoperative

comp

paired. This is called a ventilator failure. If certain othe

is re
tests do no
(subje

t pass, but ventilation might not be compromise

ct to a trained operator’s evaluation), this is called a

may be

ventilator fault.

NOTE:

Faults detected during EST may not require the ventilator to
be serviced or removed from use immediately. A trained
operator, however, must evaluate the situation and determine
whether the ventilator can be used. Failures detected during
EST require immediate servicing and removal of the ventilator
from clinical use.

d.

until it

r

d

4-

24