PCI-2513
User's Guide
Document Revision 1, September, 2006
© Copyright 2006, Measurement Computing Corporation
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3
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4
Table of Contents
Preface
About this User's Guide .......................................................................................................................7
What you will learn from this user's guide .........................................................................................................7
Conventions used in this user's guide.................................................................................................................7
Where to find more information.........................................................................................................................7
Chapter 1
Introducing the PCI-2513......................................................................................................................8
Overview: PCI-2513 features .............................................................................................................................8
Software features................................................................................................................................................8
Chapter 2
Installing the PCI-2513..........................................................................................................................9
What comes with your PCI-2513 shipment? ......................................................................................................9
Hardware .......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Additional documentation................................................................................................................................................10
Unpacking the PCI-2513 ..................................................................................................................................10
Installing the software ......................................................................................................................................10
Installing the PCI-2513.....................................................................................................................................10
Configuring the hardware.................................................................................................................................11
Connecting the board for I/O operations ..........................................................................................................11
Connectors, cables – main I/O connector.........................................................................................................................11
Pinout – main I/O connector............................................................................................................................................12
Cabling .............................................................................................................................................................12
Field wiring and signal termination .................................................................................................................................13
Chapter 3
Programming and Developing Applications ....................................................................................14
Programming languages ...................................................................................................................................14
Packaged applications programs.......................................................................................................................14
Chapter 4
Functional Details ...............................................................................................................................15
PCI-2513 block diagram...................................................................................................................................15
Synchronous I/O – mixing analog, digital, and counter scanning ....................................................................15
Bus mastering DMA.........................................................................................................................................16
Analog input .....................................................................................................................................................16
Analog input scanning .....................................................................................................................................................16
Digital I/O.........................................................................................................................................................16
Digital input scanning......................................................................................................................................................17
Digital outputs and pattern generation.............................................................................................................................17
Triggering.........................................................................................................................................................17
Hardware analog triggering .............................................................................................................................................17
Digital triggering..............................................................................................................................................................18
Software-based triggering................................................................................................................................................18
Stop trigger modes...........................................................................................................................................................18
Pre-triggering and post-triggering modes ........................................................................................................................18
Counter inputs ..................................................................................................................................................19
5
PCI-2513 User's Guide
Mapped channels .............................................................................................................................................................19
Counter modes.................................................................................................................................................................20
Totalize mode ..................................................................................................................................................................20
Clear on read mode..........................................................................................................................................................20
Stop at the top mode ........................................................................................................................................................20
32-bit or 16-bit.................................................................................................................................................................20
Latch on map ...................................................................................................................................................................20
Gating "on" mode ............................................................................................................................................................20
Debounce modes..............................................................................................................................................................21
Timer outputs....................................................................................................................................................24
Example: Timer outputs...................................................................................................................................................24
Multiple PCI-2513s per PC ..............................................................................................................................24
Chapter 5
Calibrating the PCI-2513.....................................................................................................................25
Chapter 6
Specifications......................................................................................................................................26
Analog input .....................................................................................................................................................26
Accuracy..........................................................................................................................................................................26
Digital input / output.........................................................................................................................................27
Counters............................................................................................................................................................27
Input sequencer.................................................................................................................................................28
Trigger sources and modes ...............................................................................................................................29
Frequency/pulse generators ..............................................................................................................................29
Power consumption ..........................................................................................................................................29
PCI compatibility..............................................................................................................................................29
Environmental ..................................................................................................................................................30
Mechanical .......................................................................................................................................................30
Main connector and pin out..............................................................................................................................30
6
About this User's Guide
What you will learn from this user's guide
This user's guide explains how to install, configure, and use the PCI-2513 so that you get the most out of its
analog input, digital I/O, and counter/timer I/O features.
This user's guide also refers you to related documents available on our web site, and to technical support
resources that can also help you get the most out of these boards.
Conventions used in this user's guide
For more information on …
Text presented in a box signifies additional information and helpful hints related to the subject matter you are
reading.
Caution! Shaded caution statements present information to help you avoid injuring yourself and others,
damaging your hardware, or losing your data.
Preface
<#:#> Angle brackets that enclose numbers separated by a colon signify a range of numbers, such as those assigned
to registers, bit settings, etc.
bold text Bold text is used for the names of objects on the screen, such as buttons, text boxes, and check boxes. For
example:
1. Insert the disk or CD and click the OK button.
italic text Italic text is used for the names of manuals and help topic titles, and to emphasize a word or phrase. For
example:
The InstaCal installation procedure is explained in the Quick Start Guide.
Never touch the exposed pins or circuit connections on the board.
Where to find more information
The following electronic documents provide information that can help you get the most out of your PCI-2513.
MCC's Specifications: PCI-2513 (the PDF version of the Specifications chapter in this guide) is available
on our web site at www.mccdaq.com/pdfs/PCI-2513.pdf
MCC's Quick Start Guide is available on our web site at
www.mccdaq.com/PDFmanuals/DAQ-Software-Quick-Start.pdf
MCC's Guide to Signal Connections is available on our web site at
www.mccdaq.com/signals/signals.pdf
MCC's Universal Library User's Guide is available on our web site at
www.mccdaq.com/PDFmanuals/sm-ul-user-guide.pdf
MCC's Universal Library Function Reference is available on our web site at
www.mccdaq.com/PDFmanuals/sm-ul-functions.pdf
MCC's Universal Library for LabVIEW
www.mccdaq.com/PDFmanuals/SM-UL-LabVIEW.pdf.
.
™
User’s Guide is available on our web site at
.
.
.
.
PCI-2513 User's Guide (this document) is also available on our web site at
www.mccdaq.com/PDFmanuals/PCI-2513.pdf
.
7
Chapter 1
Introducing the PCI-2513
Overview: PCI-2513 features
The PCI-2513 is supported under popular Microsoft® Windows® operating systems.
The PCI-2513 provides either eight differential or 16 single-ended analog inputs with 16-bit resolution. It offers
seven software-selectable analog input ranges of ±10 V, ±5 V, ±2 V, ±1 V, ±0.5 V, ±0.2 V, and ±0.1V.
The board has 24 high-speed lines of digital I/O, two timer outputs, and four 32-bit counters. It provides up to
12 MHz scanning on all digital input lines.
You can operate all analog I/O, digital I/O, and counter/timer I/O synchronously and simultaneously.
Software features
For information on the features of InstaCal and the other software included with your PCI-2513, refer to the
Quick Start Guide that shipped with your device. The Quick Start Guide is also available in PDF at
www.mccdaq.com/PDFmanuals/DAQ-Software-Quick-Start.pdf
.
Check www.mccdaq.com/download.htm
under less commonly used operating systems.
for the latest software version or versions of the software supported
8
Installing the PCI-2513
What comes with your PCI-2513 shipment?
As you unpack your PCI-2513, verify that the following components are included.
Hardware
PCI-2513
Chapter 2
Optional components
Cables and signal conditioning accessories that are compatible with the PCI-2513 are not included with PCI2513 orders, and must be ordered separately.
If you ordered any of the following products with your board, they should be included with your shipment.
Cables
CA-68-3R
Signal conditioning accessories
MCC provides signal termination products for use with the PCI-2513. Refer to the "Field wiring and signal
termination
" section for a complete list of compatible accessory products.
CA-68-3S (3-feet) and CA-68-6S (6-feet)
9
PCI-2513 User's Guide Installing the PCI-2513
Additional documentation
In addition to this hardware user's guide, you should also receive the Quick Start Guide (available in PDF at
www.mccdaq.com/PDFmanuals/DAQ-Software-Quick-Start.pdf). This booklet supplies a brief description of
the software you received with your PCI-2513 and information regarding installation of that software. Please
read this booklet completely before installing any software or hardware.
Unpacking the PCI-2513
As with any electronic device, you should take care while handling to avoid damage from static
electricity. Before removing the PCI-2513 from its packaging, ground yourself using a wrist strap or by simply
touching the computer chassis or other grounded object to eliminate any stored static charge.
If any components are missing or damaged, notify Measurement Computing Corporation immediately by
phone, fax, or e-mail:
Phone: 508-946-5100 and follow the instructions for reaching Tech Support.
Fax: 508-946-9500 to the attention of Tech Support
Email: techsupport@mccdaq.com
Installing the software
Refer to the Quick Start Guide for instructions on installing the software on the Measurement Computing Data
Acquisition Software CD. This booklet is available in PDF at www.mccdaq.com/PDFmanuals/DAQ-Software-
Quick-Start.pdf.
Installing the PCI-2513
The PCI-2513 board is completely plug-and-play. There are no switches or jumpers to set on the board.
Configuration is controlled by your system's BIOS.
Before you install the PCI-2513…
Enable Bus Mastering DMA: For a PCI-2513 to operate properly, you must enable Bus Mastering DMA on
the PCI slot where you will install the board. Make sure that your computer is can perform Bus Mastering DMA
for the applicable PCI slot. Some computers have BIOS settings that enable and disable Bus Mastering DMA. If
your computer has this BIOS option, make sure you enable Bus Mastering DMA on the appropriate PCI slot.
Refer to your PC Owner's Manual for additional information regarding your PC and enabling Bus Mastering
DMA for PCI slots.
Install the MCC DAQ software: The driver needed to run your PCI-2513 is installed with the MCC DAQ
software. Therefore, you need to install the MCC DAQ software before you install your board. Refer to the
Quick Start Guide for instructions on installing the software.
To install your PCI-2513, follow the steps below.
1. Turn your computer off, open it up, and insert your board into an available PCI slot.
2. Close your computer and turn it on.
A dialog opens as the system loads indicating that new hardware has been detected. If the information file
for this board is not already loaded onto your PC, you are prompted for the disk containing this file. The
MCC DAQ software contains this file. If required, insert the Measurement Computing Data Acquisition
Software CD and click
OK.
10
PCI-2513 User's Guide Installing the PCI-2513
3. To test your installation and configure your board, run the InstaCal utility installed in the previous section.
Refer to the Quick Start Guide that came with your board for information on how to initially set up and
load InstaCal.
4. If your board has been powered-off for more than 10 minutes, allow your computer to warm up for at least
30 minutes before acquiring data. This warm-up period is required in order for the board to achieve its rated
accuracy. The high speed components used on the board generate heat, and it takes this amount of time for
a board to reach steady state if it has been powered off for a significant amount of time.
Allow the PCI-2513 to operate for at least 30 minutes before using the device. This warm up time is required to
achieve the specified rated accuracy of measurements.
Configuring the hardware
All hardware configuration options on the PCI-2513 are software-controlled. You can select some of the
configuration options using InstaCal, such as the analog input configuration (16 single-ended or eight
differential channels), and the edge used for pacing when using an external clock. Once selected, any program
that uses the Universal Library initializes the hardware according to these selections.
Information on signal connections
General information regarding signal connection and configuration is available in the Guide to Signal
Connections. This document is available on our web site at www.mccdaq.com/signals/signals.pdf).
Connecting the board for I/O operations
Connectors, cables – main I/O connector
Table 2-1 lists the board connectors, applicable cables, and compatible accessory products for the PCI-2513.
Table 2-1. Board connectors, cables, and compatible hardware
Connector type 68-pin standard "SCSI TYPE III" female connector
HDMI connector (targeted for future expansion)
Compatible cables (for the 68-pin SCSI connector) CA-68-3R — 68-pin ribbon cable; 3 feet.
CA-68-3S — 68-pin shielded round cable; 3 feet.
CA-68-6S — 68-pin shielded round cable; 6 feet.
Compatible accessory products TB-100 terminal connector
RM-TB-100
11
PCI-2513 User's Guide Installing the PCI-2513
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Pinout – main I/O connector
Table 2-2. PCI-2513 16-channel single-ended pin out
(8-channel differential signals in parentheses)
Signal name Pin
ACH0 (ACH0 HI) 68
AGND 67
ACH9 (ACH1 LO) 66
ACH2 (ACH2 HI) 65
AGND 64
ACH11 (ACH3 LO) 63
SGND 62
ACH12 (ACH4 LO) 61
ACH5 (ACH5 HI) 60
AGND 59
ACH14 (ACH6 LO) 58
ACH7 (ACH7 HI) 57
NC 56
NC 55
NEGREF 54
GND 53
A1 52
A3 51
A5 50
A7 49
B1 48
B3 47
B5 46
B7 45
C1 44
C3 43
C5 42
C7 41
GND 40
CNT1 39
CNT3 38
TMR1 37
GND 36
GND 35
PCI slot ↓
Pin Signal name
34 ACH8 (ACH0 LO)
33 ACH1 (ACH1 HI)
32 AGND
31 ACH10 (ACH2 LO)
30 ACH3 (ACH3 HI)
29 AGND
28 ACH4 (ACH4 HI)
27 AGND
26 ACH13 (ACH5 LO)
25 ACH6 (ACH6 HI)
24 AGND
23 ACH15 (ACH7 LO)
22 N/C
21 N/C
20 POSREF
19 +5V
18 A0
17 A2
16 A4
15 A6
14 B0
13 B2
12 B4
11 B6
10 C0
9C2
8C4
7C6
6 TTL TRG
5 CNT0
4 CNT2
3TMR0
2 XAPCR
1 XDPCR
Cabling
Use a CA-68-3R 68-pin ribbon expansion cable (Figure 2-1), or a CA-68-3S (3-foot) or CA-68-6S (6-foot) 68pin shielded expansion cable (Figure 2-2) to connect signals to the PCI-2513 board.)
6834
351
The stripe
identifies pin # 1
34
1
Figure 2-1. CA-68-3R cable
12
68
35
PCI-2513 User's Guide Installing the PCI-2513
6834
135
34
1
68
35
Figure 2-2. CA-68-3S and CA-68-6S cable
Field wiring and signal termination
You can use the following MCC screw terminal boards to terminate field signals and route them into the PCI2513 board using the CA-68-3R, CA-68-3S, or CA-68-6S cable:
TB-100: Termination board with screw terminals. Details on this product are available on our web site at
www.mccdaq.com/cbicatalog/cbiproduct.asp?dept_id=98&pf_id=1787
RM-TB-100: 19-inch rack mount kit for the TB-100 termination board. Details on this product are available
on our web site at www.mccdaq.com/cbicatalog/cbiproduct.asp?dept_id=98&pf_id=1786.
.
13
Chapter 3
Programming and Developing Applications
After following the installation instructions in Chapter 2, your PCI-2513 should now be installed and ready for
use. Although the board is part of the larger Measurement Computing hardware family, in general there may be
no correspondence among registers for different boards. Software written at the register level for other models
will not function correctly with your board.
Programming languages
Measurement Computing's Universal Library provides access to board functions from a variety of Windows
programming languages. If you are planning to write programs, or would like to run the example programs for
Visual Basic
site at www.mccdaq.com/PDFmanuals/sm-ul-user-guide.pdf
Packaged applications programs
Many packaged application programs—such as SoftWIRE and DASYLab™—now have drivers for your
board. If the package you own does not have drivers for the board, please fax or e-mail the package name and
the revision number from the install disks. We will research the package for you and advise how to obtain
drivers.
or any other language, please refer to the Universal Library User's Guide (available on our web
).
Some application drivers are included with the Universal Library package, but not with the application package.
If you have purchased an application package directly from the software vendor, you may need to purchase our
Universal Library and drivers. Please contact us by phone, fax or e-mail:
Phone: 508-946-5100 and follow the instructions for reaching Tech Support.
Fax: 508-946-9500 to the attention of Tech Support
Email: techsupport@mccdaq.com
For information on Measurement Computing applications that you can use with the PCI-2513, refer to the
PCI-2513 product page at www.mccdaq.com/cbicatalog/cbiproduct_new.asp?dept_id=139&pf_id=1780
.
14
Chapter 4
Functional Details
This chapter contains detailed information on all of the features available from the board, including:
a block diagram of board functions
information on how to use, when to use, and when not to use the signals generated by the board
diagrams of signals using default or conventional board settings
PCI-2513 block diagram
Figure 4-1 is a simplified block diagram of the PCI-2513. This board provides all of the functional elements
shown in the figure.
Figure 4-1. PCI-2513 functional block diagram
Synchronous I/O – mixing analog, digital, and counter scanning
The PCI-2513 can read analog, digital, and counter inputs, while generating digital pattern outputs at the same
time. Digital and counter inputs do not affect the overall A/D rate because these inputs use no time slot in the
scanning sequencer.
For example, one analog input channel can be scanned at the full 1 MHz A/D rate along with digital and counter
input channels. Each analog channel can have a different gain, and counter and digital channels do not need
additional scanning bandwidth as long as there is at least one analog channel in the scan group.
Digital input channel sampling is not done during the "dead time" of the scan period where no analog sampling
is being done either.
15
PCI-2513 User's Guide Functional Details
The ability to scan digital and counter channels along with analog channels provides for a more deterministic
collection of data.
Bus mastering DMA
The PCI-2513 supports bus mastering DMA. With multiple DMA channels, analog, digital, and counter input
data, as well as digital output data, can flow between the PC and the PCI-2513 without consuming valuable
CPU time. The driver supplied with the PCI-2513 automatically uses bus mastering DMA to efficiently conduct
I/O from the PC to the PCI-2513.
Analog input
The PCI-2513 has a 16-bit, 1-MHz A/D coupled with 16 single-ended, or eight differential analog inputs. Seven
software programmable ranges provide inputs from ±10 V to ±100 mV full scale.
Analog input scanning
The PCI-2513 has several scanning modes to address various applications. You can load the 512-location scan
buffer with any combination of analog input channels. All analog input channels in the scan buffer are measured
sequentially at 1 µs per channel.
For example, in the fastest mode, with a 0 delay between the end of scan and the start of scan, a single analog
channel can be scanned continuously at 1 MS/s; two analog channels can be scanned at 500 kS/s each; 16
analog input channels can be scanned at 62.5 kS/s.
Example: Analog channel scanning of voltage inputs
Figure 4-2
channels (Ch0, Ch1, Ch3, Ch4, Ch6, Ch7). Each of these analog channels can have a different gain. The
acquisition is triggered and the samples stream to the PC via DMA. Each analog channel requires one
microsecond of scan time—therefore the scan period can be no shorter than 6 µs for this example. The scan
period can be made much longer than 6 µs—up to 1 s. The maximum scan frequency is one divided by 6 µs or
166,666 Hz.
shows a simple acquisition. The scan is programmed pre-acquisition and is made up of six analog
Figure 4-2. Analog channel scan of voltage inputs example
Digital I/O
Twenty-four TTL-level digital I/O lines are included in each PCI-2513. You can program digital I/O in 8-bit
groups as either inputs or outputs and scan them in several modes (see "Digital input scanning
You can access input ports asynchronously from the PC at any time, including when a scanned acquisition is
occurring.
16
" on page 17).
PCI-2513 User's Guide Functional Details
Digital input scanning
Digital input ports can be read asynchronously before, during, or after an analog input scan.
Digital input ports can be part of the scan group and scanned along with analog input channels. Two
synchronous modes are supported when digital inputs are scanned along with analog inputs.
In both modes, adding digital input scans has no affect on the analog scan rate limitations.
If no analog inputs are being scanned, the digital inputs can be scanned at up to 12 MHz.
Digital outputs and pattern generation
Digital outputs can be updated asynchronously at anytime before, during, or after an acquisition. You can use
two of the 8-bit ports to generate a digital pattern at up to 12 MHz. The PCI-2513 supports digital pattern
generation with bus mastering DMA. The digital pattern can be read from PC RAM.
Digital pattern generation is clocked using an internal clock. The on-board programmable clock generates
updates ranging from once every 1 second to 1 MHz, independent of any acquisition rate.
Triggering
Triggering can be the most critical aspect of a data acquisition application. The PCI-2513 supports the
following trigger modes to accommodate certain measurement situations.
Hardware analog triggering
The PCI-2513 uses true analog triggering in which the trigger level you program sets an analog DAC, which is
then compared in hardware to the analog input level on the selected channel. . This guarantees an analog trigger
latency that is less than 1 µs.
You can select any analog channel as the trigger channel, but the selected channel must be the first channel in
the scan. You can program the trigger level, the rising or falling edge, and hysteresis.
Concerning hardware analog level trigger and comparator change state
When analog input voltage starts near the trigger level, and you are performing a rising or falling] hardware
analog level trigger, the analog level comparator may have already tripped before the sweep was enabled. If this
is the case, the circuit waits for the comparator to change state. However, since the comparator has already
changed state, the circuit does not see the transition.
To resolve this problem, do the following:
1. Set the analog level trigger to the threshold you want.
2. Apply an analog input signal that is more than 2.5% of the full-scale range away from the desired
threshold. This ensures that the comparator is in the proper state at the beginning of the acquisition.
3. Bring the analog input signal toward the desired threshold. When the input signal is at the threshold (±
some tolerance) the sweep will be triggered.
4. Before re-arming the trigger, again move the analog input signal to a level that is more than 2.5% of the
full-scale range away from the desired threshold.
For example, if you are using the ±2 V full-scale range (gain = 5), and you want to trigger at +1 V on the rising
edge, you would set the analog input voltage to a start value that is less than +0.9 V (1 V – (2 V * 2 * 2.5%)).
17
PCI-2513 User's Guide Functional Details
Digital triggering
A separate digital trigger input line is provided, allowing TTL-level triggering with latencies guaranteed to be
less than 1 µs. You can program both of the logic levels (1 or 0) and the rising or falling edge for the discrete
digital trigger input.
Software-based triggering
The three software-based trigger modes differ from hardware analog triggering and digital triggering because
the readings—analog, digital, or counter—are checked by the PC in order to detect the trigger event.
Analog triggering
You can select any analog channel in the scan as the trigger channel. You can program the trigger level, the
rising or falling edge, and hysteresis.
Pattern triggering
You can select any scanned digital input channel pattern to trigger an acquisition, including the ability to mask
or ignore specific bits.
Counter triggering
You can program triggering to occur when one of the counters meets or exceeds a set value, or is within a range
of values. You can program any of the included counter channels as the trigger source.
Software-based triggering usually results in long period of inactivity between the trigger condition being
detected and the data being acquired. However, the PCI-2513 avoids this situation by using pre-trigger data.
When software-based-triggering is used, and the PC detects the trigger condition—which may be thousands of
readings after the actual occurrence of the signal—the PCI-2513 driver automatically looks back to the location
in memory where the actual trigger-causing measurement occurred, and presents the acquired data that begins at
the point where the trigger-causing measurement occurs. The maximum inactive period in this mode equals one
scan period.
Set pre-trigger > 0 when using counter as trigger source
When using a counter for a trigger source, you should use a pre-trigger with a value of at least 1. Since all
counters start at zero with the first scan, there is no valid reference in regard to rising or falling edge. Setting a
pre-trigger to 1 or more ensures that a valid reference value is present, and that the first trigger will be
legitimate.
Stop trigger modes
You can use any of the software trigger modes explained previously to stop an acquisition.
For example, you can program an acquisition to begin on one event—such as a voltage level—and then stop on
another event—such as a digital pattern.
Pre-triggering and post-triggering modes
The PCI-2513 supports four modes of pre-triggering and post-triggering, providing a wide-variety of options to
accommodate any measurement requirement.
When using pre-trigger, you must use software-based triggering to initiate an acquisition.
18
PCI-2513 User's Guide Functional Details
No pre-trigger, post-trigger stop event.
In this simple mode, data acquisition starts when the trigger is received, and the acquisition stops when the stoptrigger event is received.
Fixed pre-trigger with post-trigger stop event
In this mode, you set the number of pre-trigger readings to acquire. The acquisition continues until a stoptrigger event occurs.
No pre-trigger, infinite post-trigger
In this mode, no pre-trigger data is acquired. Instead, data is acquired beginning with the trigger event, and is
terminated when you issue a command to halt the acquisition.
Fixed pre-trigger with infinite post-trigger
You set the amount of pre-trigger data to acquire. Then, the system continues to acquire data until the program
issues a command to halt acquisition.
Counter inputs
Four 32-bit counters are built into the PCI-2513. Each counter accepts frequency inputs up to 20 MHz.
The counters can concurrently monitor time periods, frequencies, pulses, and other event driven incremental
occurrences directly from pulse-generators, limit switches, proximity switches, and magnetic pick-ups.
Counter inputs can be read asynchronously under program control, or synchronously as part of an analog or
digital scan group.
When reading synchronously, all counters are set to zero at the start of an acquisition. When reading
asynchronously, counters may be cleared on each read, count up continually, or count until the 16 bit or 32 bit
limit has been reached. See counter mode descriptions below.
Figure 4-3. Typical PCI-2513 counter channel
Mapped channels
A mapped channel is one of four counter input signals that can get multiplexed into a counter module. The
mapped channel can participate with the counter's input signal by gating the counter, latching the counter, and
so on. The four possible choices for the mapped channel are the four counter input signals (post-debounce).
19
PCI-2513 User's Guide Functional Details
A mapped channel can be used to:
gate the counter
decrement the counter
latch to current count to the count register
Usually, all counter outputs are latched at the beginning of each scan within the acquisition. However, you can
use a second channel—known as the Error! Reference source not found. to latch the counter output.
Counter modes
A counter can be asynchronously read with or without clear on read. The asynchronous read-signals strobe
when the lower 16-bits of the counter are read by software. The software can read the counter's high 16-bits
some time later after reading the lower 16-bits. The full 32-bit result reflects the timing of the first
asynchronous read strobe.
Totalize mode
The Totalize modes allows basic use of a 32-bit counter. While in this mode, the channel's input can only
increment the counter upward. When used as a 16-bit counter (counter low), one channel can be scanned at the
12 MHz rate. When used as a 32-bit counter (counter high), two sample times are used to return the full 32-bit
result. Therefore a 32-bit counter can only be sampled at a 6 MHz maximum rate. If you only want the upper 16
bits of a 32-bit counter, then you can acquire that upper word at the 12 MHz rate.
The counter counts up and does not clear on every new sample. However, it does clear at the start of a new scan
command.
The counter rolls over on the 16-bit (counter low) boundary, or on the 32-bit (counter high) boundary.
Clear on read mode
The counter counts up and is cleared after each read. By default, the counter counts up and only clears the
counter at the start of a new scan command. The final value of the counter —the value just before it was
cleared—is latched and returned to the PCI-2513.
Stop at the top mode
The counter stops at the top of its count. The top of the count is FFFF hex (65,535) for the 16-bit mode, and
FFFFFFFF hex (4,294,967,295) for the 32-bit mode.
32-bit or 16-bit
Sets the counter type to either 16-bits or 32-bits. The type of counter only matters if the counter is using the
stop at the top mode—otherwise, this option is ignored.
Latch on map
Sets the signal on the mapped counter input to latch the count.
By default, the start of scan signal—a signal internal to the PCI-2513 pulses once every scan period to indicate
the start of a scan group—latches the count, so the count is updated each time a scan is started.
Gating "on" mode
Sets the gating option to "on" for the mapped channel, enabling the mapped channel to gate the counter.
20
PCI-2513 User's Guide Functional Details
Any counter can be gated by the mapped channel. When the mapped channel is high, the counter is enabled.
When the mapped channel is low, the counter is disabled (but holds the count value). The mapped channel can
be any counter input channel other than the counter being gated.
Decrement "on" mode
Sets the counter decrement option to "on" for the mapped channel. The input channel for the counter
increments the counter, and you can use the mapped channel to decrement the counter.
Debounce modes
Each channel's output can be debounced with 16 programmable debounce times from 500 ns to 25.5 ms. The
debounce circuitry eliminates switch-induced transients typically associated with electro-mechanical devices
including relays, proximity switches, and encoders.
There are two debounce modes, as well as a debounce bypass, as shown in Figure 4-4. In addition, the signal
from the buffer can be inverted before it enters the debounce circuitry. The inverter is used to make the input
rising-edge or falling-edge sensitive.
Edge selection is available with or without debounce. In this case the debounce time setting is ignored and the
input signal goes straight from the inverter or inverter bypass to the counter module.
There are 16 different debounce times. In either debounce mode, the debounce time selected determines how
fast the signal can change and still be recognized.
The two debounce modes are trigger after stable and trigger before stable. A discussion of the two modes
follows.
Figure 4-4. Debounce model block diagram
Trigger after stable mode
In the trigger after stable mode, the output of the debounce module does not change state until a period of
stability has been achieved. This means that the input has an edge, and then must be stable for a period of time
equal to the debounce time.
21
PCI-2513 User's Guide Functional Details
Figure 4-5. Debounce module – trigger after stable mode
The following time periods (T1 through T5) pertain to Figure 4-5. In trigger after stable mode, the input signal
to the debounce module is required to have a period of stability after an incoming edge, in order for that edge to
be accepted (passed through to the counter module.) The debounce time for this example is equal to T2 and T5.
T1 – In the example above, the input signal goes high at the beginning of time period T1, but never stays
high for a period of time equal to the debounce time setting (equal to T2 for this example.)
T2 – At the end of time period T2, the input signal has transitioned high and stayed there for the required
amount of time—therefore the output transitions high. If the input signal does not stabilize in the high state
long enough, no transition would have appeared on the output and the entire disturbance on the input would
have been rejected.
T3 – During time period T3, the input signal remained steady. No change in output is seen.
T4 – During time period T4, the input signal has more disturbances and does not stabilize in any state long
enough. No change in the output is seen.
T5 – At the end of time period T5, the input signal has transitioned low and stayed there for the required
amount of time—therefore the output goes low.
Trigger before stable mode
In the trigger before stable mode, the output of the debounce module immediately changes state, but will not
change state again until a period of stability has passed. For this reason the mode can be used to detect glitches.
Figure 4-6. Debounce module – Trigger before stable mode
The following time periods (T1 through T6) pertain to the above drawing.
T1 – In the illustrated example, the input signal is low for the debounce time (equal to T1); therefore when
the input edge arrives at the end of time period T1, it is accepted and the output (of the debounce module)
goes high. Note that a period of stability must precede the edge in order for the edge to be accepted.
T2 – During time period T2, the input signal is not stable for a length of time equal to T1 (the debounce
time setting for this example.) Therefore, the output stays "high" and does not change state during time
period T2.
T3 – During time period T3, the input signal is stable for a time period equal to T1, meeting the debounce
requirement. The output is held at the high state. This is the same state as the input.
T4 – At anytime during time period T4, the input can change state. When this happens, the output will also
change state. At the end of time period T4, the input changes state, going low, and the output follows this
action [by going low].
T5 – During time period T5, the input signal again has disturbances that cause the input to not meet the
debounce time requirement. The output does not change state.
T6 – After time period T6, the input signal has been stable for the debounce time and therefore any edge on
the input after time period T6 is immediately reflected in the output of the debounce module.
Debounce mode comparisons
Figure 4-7 shows how the two modes interpret the same input signal, which exhibits glitches. Notice that the
trigger before stable mode recognizes more glitches than the trigger after stable mode. Use the bypass option to
achieve maximum glitch recognition.
22
PCI-2513 User's Guide Functional Details
Figure 4-7. Example of two debounce modes interpreting the same signal
Debounce times should be set according to the amount of instability expected in the input signal. Setting a
debounce time that is too short may result in unwanted glitches clocking the counter. Setting a debounce time
too long may result in an input signal being rejected entirely. Some experimentation may be required to find the
appropriate debounce time for a particular application.
To see the effects of different debounce time settings, simply view the analog waveform along with the counter
output. This can be done by connecting the source to an analog input.
Use trigger before stable mode when the input signal has groups of glitches and each group is to be counted as
one. The trigger before stable mode recognizes and counts the first glitch within a group but rejects the
subsequent glitches within the group if the debounce time is set accordingly. The debounce time should be set
to encompass one entire group of glitches as shown in the following diagram.
Figure 4-8.Optimal debounce time for trigger before stable mode
Trigger after stable mode behaves more like a traditional debounce function: rejecting glitches and only passing
state transitions after a required period of stability. Trigger after stable mode is used with electro-mechanical
devices like encoders and mechanical switches to reject switch bounce and disturbances due to a vibrating
encoder that is not otherwise moving. The debounce time should be set short enough to accept the desired input
pulse but longer than the period of the undesired disturbance as shown in Figure 4-9.
23
PCI-2513 User's Guide Functional Details
Figure 4-9. Optimal debounce time for trigger after stable mode
Timer outputs
Two 16-bit timer outputs are built into every 3000 series board. Each timer is capable of generating a different
square wave with a programmable frequency in the range of 16 Hz to 1 MHz.
Figure 4-10. Typical PCI-2513 timer channel
Example: Timer outputs
Timer outputs are programmable square waves. The period of the square wave can be as short as 1us or as long
as 65535 µs. See Table 4-3
Divisor Timer output frequency
1 1 MHz
100 10 kHz
1000 1 kHz
10000 100 Hz
65535 15.259 Hz
for some examples.
Table 4-3. Timer output frequency examples
The two timer outputs can generate different square waves. The timer outputs can be updated asynchronously at
any time.
Multiple PCI-2513s per PC
PCI-2513 features can be replicated up to four times, as up to four boards can be installed in a single host PC.
The serial number on each PCI-2513 distinguishes one from another. You can operate multiple PCI-2513
boards synchronously. To do this, assign one PCI-2513 as the master.. Synchronize the other slave PCI-2513
boards to the master by the pacer clock, which is externally routed to the designated slave boards.
24
Chapter 5
Calibrating the PCI-2513
Every range of a PCI-2513 device is calibrated at the factory using a digital NIST traceable calibration method.
This method works by storing a correction factor for each range on the unit at the time of calibration. For analog
inputs, the user can adjust the calibration of the board while it is installed in the acquisition system. This does
not destroy the factory calibration supplied with the board. This is accomplished by having two distinct
calibration tables in the PCI-2513 on-board EPROM—one which contains the factory calibration, and the other
which is available for field calibration.
You can perform field calibration automatically in seconds with InstaCal and without the use of external
hardware or instruments.
Field calibration derives its traceability through an on-board reference which has a stability of 0.005% per year.
Note that a two-year calibration period is recommended for PCI-2513 boards.
You should calibrate the PCI-2513 using InstaCal after the board has fully warmed up. The recommended
warm-up time is 30 minutes. For best results, calibrate the board immediately before making critical
measurements. The high resolution analog components on the board are somewhat sensitive to temperature.
Pre-measurement calibration ensures that your board is operating at optimum calibration values.
25
Specifications
Typical for 25 °C unless otherwise specified.
Specifications in italic text are guaranteed by design.
Analog input
Table 1. Analog input specifications
A/D converter type Successive approximation
Resolution 16 bits
Number of channels 16 single-ended/8 differential, software-selectable
Input ranges (SW programmable) Bipolar: ±10 V, ±5 V, ±2 V, ±1 V , ±0.5 V, ±0.2 V, ±0.1 V
Maximum sample rate 1 MHz
Nonlinearity (integral) ±2 LSB maximum
Nonlinearity (differential) ±1 LSB maximum
A/D pacing On board A/D clock, external source (XAPCR)
Trigger sources and modes See Table 6
Data transfer DMA
Configuration memory Programmable I/O
Maximum usable input voltage
+ common mode voltage
(CMV + V
Signal to noise and distortion 72 dB typical for ±10 V range, 1 kHz fundamental
Total harmonic distortion -80 dB typical for ±10 V range, 1 kHz fundamental
Calibration
CMRR @ 60 Hz -70 dB typical DC to 1 kHz
Bias current 40 pA typical (0 °C to 35°C)
Input impedance 10 M single-ended, 20 M differential
Absolute maximum input voltage ±30 V
)
in
Range: ±10 V, ±5 V, ±2 V, ±1 V , ±0.5 V
10.5 V maximum
Range: ±0.2 V, ±0.1 V
2.1 V maximum
Auto-calibration, calibration factors for each range stored on the board in nonvolatile RAM.
Chapter 6
Accuracy
Table 2. Analog input accuracy specifications
Voltage range Accuracy
±(% of reading + %
range)
23°C ±10 °C, 1 year
-10 V to 10 V 0.031% + 0.008% 14 + 8 1.5
-5 V to 5 V 0.031% + 0.009%
-2 V to 2 V
-1 V to 1 V
-500 mV to 500 mV
-200 mV to 200 mV
-100 mV to 100 mV
Note 1: Specifications assume differential input single-channel scan, 1 MHz scan rate, unfiltered,
Note 1
0.031% + 0.010% 14 +10
0.031% + 0.02% 14 + 12
0.031% + 0.04% 14 +18
0.036% + 0.075% 14 +12
0.042% + 0.15% 14 +18
CMV=0.0 V, 30 minute warm-up, exclusive of noise.
Note 2: Noise reflects 10,000 samples at 1 MHz, typical, differential short, using CA-68-3S cable.
Temperature coefficient
±(ppm of reading + ppm range)/°C
14 + 9
26
Noise (cts
RMS)
2.0
1.6
2.5
4.0
5.0
9.0
Note 2
PCI-2513 User's Guide Specifications
Digital input / output
Table 3. Digital input/output specifications
Number of I/O 24
Ports Three banks of 8.
Each port is programmable as input or output
Input scanning mode Asynchronous, under program control at any time relative to input scanning
Configuration 10 kΩ pull-up to +5 V, 20 pf to analog common
Input protection ±15 kV ESD clamp diodes
Input high +2.0 V to +5.0 V
Input low 0 to 0.8 V
Output high >2.0 V
Output low <0.8 V
Output current Output 12 mA per pin, 200 mA total continuous
Digital input pacing Onboard clock, external clock (XAPCR)
Digital output pacing Four programmable sources:
Onboard D/A clock, independent of scanning input clock
Onboard scanning input clock
External D/A input clock, independent of external scanning input clock-
(XDPCR)
External scanning input clock-(XAPCR)
Digital input trigger sources and
modes
Digital output trigger sources Start of input scan
Data transfer DMA
Sampling/update rate 12 MHz maximum
Pattern generation output
See Table 6
Two of the 8-bit ports can be configured for 16-bit pattern generation. The pattern
can also be updated synchronously with an acquisition at up to 12 MHz.
Counters
Counter inputs can be scanned based on an internal programmable timer or an external clock source.
Table 4. Counter specifications
Channels Four independent
Resolution 32-bit
Input frequency 20 MHz maximum
Input signal range -5 V to 10 V
Input characteristics
Trigger level TTL
Minimum pulse width 25 ns high, 25 ns low
De-bounce times
Time-base accuracy 30 ppm (0 ° to 50 °C)
Counter read pacer On board clock, external clock (XAPCR)
Trigger sources and modes See Table 6
Programmable mode Counter
Counter mode options
10 kΩ pull-up, ±15 kV ESD protection
16 selections from 500 ns to 25.5 ms, positive or negative edge sensitive, glitch
detect mode or de-bounce mode
Totalize, clear on read, rollover, stop at all Fs, 16- or 32-bit, any other channel can
gate the counter
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PCI-2513 User's Guide Specifications
Input sequencer
Analog, digital, and counter inputs can be scanned based on either an internal programmable timer or an
external clock source.
Table 5. Input sequencer specifications
Scan clock sources: two (Note
3Error! Reference source not
found.)
Programmable parameters per scan
Depth 512 locations
Onboard channel-to-channel scan
rate
External acquisition scan clock
input maximum rate
Clock signal range: Logical zero: 0 V to 0.8 V
Minimum pulse width 50 ns high, 50 ns low
Note 3: The maximum scan clock rate is the inverse of the minimum scan period. The minimum scan period
Internal:
Analog channels from 1 µs to 1 sec in 20.83 ns steps.
Digital channels and counters from 83.33 ns to 1 sec in 20.83 ns steps.
External. TTL-level input:
Analog channels down to 1 µs minimum
Digital channels and counters down to 83 ns minimum
Programmable channels (random order)
Programmable gain
Analog: 1 MHz maximum
Digital: 12 MHz
1.0 MHz
Logical one: 2.4 V to 5.0 V
is equal to 1 µs times the number of analog channels. If a scan contains only digital channels then
the minimum scan period is 83 ns times the number of digital channels.
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PCI-2513 User's Guide Specifications
Trigger sources and modes
Table 6. Trigger sources and modes
Input scan
trigger sources
Input scan
triggering
modes
Single channel analog hardware trigger
Single channel analog software trigger
External-single channel digital trigger (TTL TRG input)
Digital pattern trigger
Counter/totalizer trigger
Single channel analog hardware trigger: The first analog input channel in the scan is the analog trigger
channel.
Input signal range: -10 V to +10 V maximum
Trigger level: Programmable (12-bit resolution)
Latency: 350 ns typical
Accuracy: ±0.5% of reading, ±2 mV offset maximum
Noise: 2 mV RMS typical
Single channel analog software trigger: The first analog input channel in the scan is the analog trigger
channel.
Input signal range: Anywhere within range of the trigger channel
Trigger level: Programmable (16-bit resolution)
Latency: One scan period (maximum)
External-single channel digital trigger (TTL trigger input):
Input signal range: -15 V to +15 V maximum
Trigger level: TTL-level sensitive
Minimum pulse width: 50 ns high, 50 ns low
Latency: One scan period maximum
Digital pattern triggering: 8-bit or 16-bit pattern triggering on any of the digital ports. Programmable for
trigger on equal, not equal, above, or below a value. Individual bits can be masked for "don’t care"
condition.
Latency: One scan period, max
Counter/totalizer triggering: Counter/totalizer inputs can trigger an acquisition. User can select to
trigger on a frequency or on total counts that are equal, not equal, above, or below a value, or
within/outside of a window rising/falling edge.
Latency: One scan period, maximum
Frequency/pulse generators
Table 7. Frequency/pulse generator specifications
Channels 2 x 16-bit
Output waveform Square wave
Output rate 1 MHz base rate divided by 1 to 65535 (programmable)
High-level output voltage 2.0 V minimum @ -1.0 mA, 2.9 V minimum @ -400 µA
Low-level output voltage 0.4 V maximum @ 400 µA
Power consumption
Table 8. Power consumption specifications
Power consumption (per board) 3 W
PCI compatibility
Table 9. PCI compatibility specifications
PCI bus PCI r2.2 compliant, universal 3.3 V/5 V signaling support, compatible with PCI-X
29
PCI-2513 User's Guide Specifications
Environmental
Table 10. Environmental specifications
Operating temperature range 0 °C to +60 °C
Storage temperature range -40 °C to +80 °C
Relative humidity 0 to 95% non-condensing
Mechanical
Table 11. Mechanical specifications
Vibration MIL STD 810E cat 1 and 10
Dimensions 165 mm (W) x 15 mm (D) x 108 mm (H) (6.5” x 0.6” x 4.2”)
Weight 160 g (0.35 lbs)
Main connector and pin out
Table 12. Main connector specifications
Connector type 68-pin standard "SCSI TYPE III" female connector
HDMI connector (targeted for future expansion)
Compatible cables (for the 68-pin SCSI connector) CA-68-3R — 68-pin ribbon cable; 3 feet.
CA-68-3S — 68-pin shielded round cable; 3 feet.
CA-68-6S — 68-pin shielded round cable; 6 feet.
TB-100 termination board with screw terminals Compatible accessory products
RM-TB-100, 19-inch rack mount kit for TB-100
30
PCI-2513 User's Guide Specifications
Table 13. 16-channel single-ended pin out
Pin Function Pin Function
68 ACH0 34 ACH8
67 AGND 33 ACH1
66 ACH9 32 AGND
65 ACH2 31 ACH10
64 AGND 30 ACH3
63 ACH11 29 AGND
62 SGND 28 ACH4
61 ACH12 27 AGND
60 ACH5 26 ACH13
59 AGND 25 ACH6
58 ACH14 24 AGND
57 ACH7 23 ACH15
56 NC 22 NC
55 NC 21 NC
54 NEGREF 20 POSREF
53 GND 19 +5V
52 A1 18 A0
51 A3 17 A2
50 A5 16 A4
49 A7 15 A6
48 B1 14 B0
47 B3 13 B2
46 B5 12 B4
45 B7 11 B6
44 C1 10 C0
43 C3 9 C2
42 C5 8 C4
41 C7 7 C6
40 GND 6 TTL TRG
39 CNT1 5 CNT0
38 CNT3 4 CNT2
37 TMR1 3 TMR0
36 GND 2 XAPCR
35 GND 1 XDPCR
31
PCI-2513 User's Guide Specifications
Table 14. 8-channel differential pin out
Pin Function Pin Function
68 ACH0 HI 34 ACH0 LO
67 AGND 33 ACH1 HI
66 ACH1 LO 32 AGND
65 ACH2 HI 31 ACH2 LO
64 AGND 30 ACH3 HI
63 ACH3 LO 29 AGND
62 SGND 28 ACH4 HI
61 ACH4 LO 27 AGND
60 ACH5 HI 26 ACH5 LO
59 AGND 25 ACH6 HI
58 ACH6 LO 24 AGND
57 ACH7 HI 23 ACH7 LO
56 NC 22 NC
55 NC 21 NC
54 NEGREF 20 POSREF
53 GND 19 +5V
52 A1 18 A0
51 A3 17 A2
50 A5 16 A4
49 A7 15 A6
48 B1 14 B0
47 B3 13 B2
46 B5 12 B4
45 B7 11 B6
44 C1 10 C0
43 C3 9 C2
42 C5 8 C4
41 C7 7 C6
40 GND 6 TTL TRG
39 CNT1 5 CNT0
38 CNT3 4 CNT2
37 TMR1 3 TMR0
36 GND 2 XAPCR
35 GND 1 XDPCR
32
Declaration of Conformity
Manufacturer: IOTech, Incorporated
Address: 25971 Cannon Road
Cleveland, OH 44146
USA
Category: Information technology equipment.
IOTech, Incorporated declares under sole responsibility that the product
PCI-2513
to which this declaration relates is in conformity with the relevant provisions of the following standards or other
documents:
EU EMC Directive 89/336/EEC: Electromagnetic Compatibility, EN 61326 (1997) Amendment 1 (1998)
Emissions: Group 1, Class A
EN 55022 (1990)/CISPR 22: Radiated and Conducted emissions.
Immunity: EN61326, Annex A
IEC 61000-4-2 (1995): Electrostatic Discharge immunity, Criteria B.
IEC 61000-4-3 (1995): Radiated Electromagnetic Field immunity Criteria A.
IEC 61000-4-4 (1995): Electric Fast Transient Burst immunity Criteria B.
IEC 61000-4-5 (1995): Surge immunity Criteria A.
IEC 61000-4-6 (1996): Radio Frequency Common Mode immunity Criteria A.
To maintain the safety, emission, and immunity standards of this declaration, the following conditions must be
met.
Part CA-68-3S or CA-68-6S must be properly installed.
The host computer, peripheral equipment, power sources, and expansion hardware must be CE compliant.
All I/O cables must be shielded, with the shields connected to CHASSIS ground stud.
I/O cables must be less than 3 meters (9.75 feet) in length.
The host computer must be properly grounded.
Equipment must be operated in a controlled electromagnetic environment as defined by Standards EN
61326:1998, or IEC 61326:1998.
Note: Data acquisition equipment may exhibit noise or increased offsets when exposed to high RF fields
(>3V/m) or transients.
Declaration of Conformity based on tests conducted by Smith Electronics, Inc., Cleveland, OH 44141, USA in
December, 2005. Test records are outlined in Smith Electronics Test Report “Daqboard 3000 with PDQ30
Expansion Module”.
We hereby declare that the equipment specified conforms to the above Directives and Standards.
Paul Wittibschlager
Director of Hardware Engineering
Measurement Computing Corporation
10 Commerce Way
Suite 1008
Norton, Massachusetts 02766
(508) 946-5100
Fax: (508) 946-9500
E-mail: info@mccdaq.com
www.mccdaq.com
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