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The PC104-AC5 is a 24-line digital I/O board. The control register which sets the
direction of the I/O ports is identical to an 8255 in mode 0 (see 8255 data sheet). The
I/O pins are high-drive TTL compatible.
The connector is a 50 -pin header which is compatible with the pin-out of OPTO-22
and GORDOS solid state relay racks. If you are using an OPTO or GORDOS form
factor solid state relay rack, the PC104-AC5 can be connected directly to the relay
rack through a 50-pin cable such as the C50FE-2.
A group of application notes is included to assist in electrical interfacing.
2 INSTALLATION
Before you open your computer and install the board, install and run InstaCal, the
installation, calibration and test utility included with your board. InstaCal will guide
you through switch and jumper settings for your board. Detailed information
regarding these settings can be found below. Refer to the Extended SoftwareInstallation manual for InstaCal installation instructions.
The PC104-AC5 has one bank of base address-select switches, an interrupt select
jumper, a wait state select jumper and a jumper for configuring the function of pin 49
which must be set before
installing the board in your
computer.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
2
Sw Hex
A9 200
2.1 BASE ADDRESS
On the base address switches,
(Figure 2-1), each switch
position corresponds to one of
the PC bus address lines. By
placing the switch down, the
address decode logic responds to
that address bit.
A8 100
A7 80
A6 40
A2
04
A5 20
A4 10
A3 8
A2 4
Figure 2-1. Base Address Switch - 300h Shown
1
A complete address is constructed by calculating the HEX or decimal number which
corresponds to all the address bits the board has been instructed to respond to. For
example, in Figure 2-1, switches 9 and 8 are DOWN, all others UP.
Using figure 2-1 as an example, address 9 = 200h (512D) and address 8 = 100h
(256D); added together they equal 300h (768D).
Certain address are used by the PC, others are free and may be used by the
PC104-AC5 and other expansion boards. We recommend BASE = 300h (768D) be
tried first.
2.1.1 I/O Addresses
The BASE switch may be set for an address in the range of 000-3FC so it should not
be hard to find a free address area for your board. If you are not using IBM
prototyping cards or some other board which occupies these addresses, 300-31Fh are
free to use. Refer to Table 2-1.
Addresses not specifically listed, such as 390-39Fh, are free.
Table 2-1. Computer I/O Addresses
FUNCTIONHEX
EGA2C0-2CF8237 DMA #1000-00F
EGA2D0-2CF8259 PIC #1020-021
GPIB (AT)2E0-2E78253 TIMER040-043
SERIAL PORT2E8-2EF82C55 PPI (XT)060-063
SERIAL PORT2F8-2FF8742 CONTROLLER (AT)060-064
PROTOTYPE300-30FCMOS RAM & NMI MASK
PROTOTYPE CARD310-31FDMA PAGE REGISTERS080-08F
HARD DISK (XT)320-32F8259 PIC#20A0-0A1
PARALLEL PRINTER378-37FNMI MASK (XT)0A0-0AF
SDLC380-38F8237 #2 (AT)0C0-0DF
SDLC3A0-3AF80287 NUMERIC CO-P (AT)0F0-0FF
MDA3B0-3BBHARD DISK (AT)1F0-1FF
PARALLEL PRINTER3BC-3BFGAME CONTROL200-20F
EGA3C0-3CFEXPANSION UNIT (XT)210-21F
CGA3D0-3DFBUS MOUSE238-23B
SERIAL PORT3E8-3EFALT BUS MOUSE23C-23F
FLOPPY DISK3F0-3F7PARALLEL PRINTER270-27F
SERIAL PORT3F8-3FFEGA2B0-2BF
RANGE
070-071
FUNCTIONHEX
RANGE
(AT) CARD
2
2.2 WAIT STATE SELECT (P3)
A wait state may be enabled on the PC104-AC5 by selecting the ON position of
header P3. Enabling the wait state decreases the PC’s bus transfer rate during I/O
reads or I/O writes to the PC104-AC5. The wait state may be necessary for situations
where the PC’s I/O transfer rate is too fast for the PC104-AC5, causing the board to
randomly fail. If this is the case the jumper should be placed in the ON position. The
factory default location is OFF.
2.3 IRQ IN/ +5V SELECT (P4)
The PC104-AC5’s header P4 provides the option of routing either +5V or an
externally generated interrupt to pin 49 of the 50-pin connector P1. The +5V option
may be used in applications that require the PC104-AC5 to provide +5V power to
accessory boards connected to P1. The IRQ position may be used for applications
where an external interrupt needs to be passed to the PC104-AC5 which is then passed
to PC. The particular interrupt level to be used can be selected using header P5 (see
section 2.4).
CAUTION
Be sure to place jumper P4 in the correct position for your application. When the
jumper is in the 5V position, it supplies 5VDC to p in 49. If pin 49 is connected to an
external circuit that is not a 5VDC power input, it may damage the external circuit or
this board.
2.4 INTERRUPT LEVEL SELECT (P5)
The interrupt jumper needs to be set only if the software you are using requires it. The
PC104-AC5 provides interrupt levels 2 to 7 when using jumper-selectable header P5.
If you do set the interrupt jumper to a value other than X (no interrupt), please check
your PC’s current configuration for possible interrupt conflicts. T he factory default
setting is no interrupt (P5, position X).
2.5 INSTALLING THE BOARD
1. Turn the power off.
3
2. Remove the cover of your computer. Please be careful not to dislodge any of the
cables installed on the boards in your computer as you slide the cover off.
3. If desired, install plastic standoffs on board.
4. Install the board firmly in the extension jack.
2.6 CONNECTOR DIAGRAM
The PC104-AC5 I/O uses a 50-pin header-type connector. The signals available are
direct connections to an 82C55 digital I/O integrated circuit. Figure 2-2 shows the pin
outs for the connector.
PORT C7
PORT C6
PORT C5
PORT C4
PORT C3
PORT C2
PORT C1
PORT C0
PORT B7
PORT B6
PORT B5
PORT B4
PORT B3
PORT B2
PORT B1
PORT B0
PORT A7
PORT A6
PORT A5
PORT A4
PORT A3
PORT A2
PORT A1
PORT A0
CAUTION
Be sure to place jumper P4 in the correct position for your application. When
the jumper is in the 5V position, it supplies 5VDC to pin 49. If pin 49 is
connected to an external circuit that is not a 5VDC power input, it may damage
the external circuit or this board.
4
This board is typically used for driving the SSR-PB24 solid state relay rack. For this
application, the C50FE-# cable is used.
If your application requires point to point wiring, you may want to consider the
C50FF-# cable and a screw terminal board to simplify connections to the PC104-AC5.
Please refer to the information on the CIO-TERM100, CIO-SPADE50 and
CIO-MINI50 screw terminal boards or the SCB-50 and SCB-100 screw terminal
boards and enclosure.
5
3 REGISTER ARCHITECTURE
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The PC104-AC5 contains three data and one control register for the 24 lines of digital
I/O.
The first address, or BASE ADDRESS, is determined by setting a bank of switches on
the board.
Register manipulation is best left to experienced programmers as most of the
PC104-AC5 functions are implemented in the easy to use Universal Library.
The register descriptions follow all follow the format:
01234567
A0A1A2A3A4A5A6A7
Where the numbers along the top row are the bit positions within the 8-bit byte and
the numbers and symbols in the bottom row are the functions associated with that bit.
To write to or read from a register in decimal or HEX, the following weights apply:
HEX VALUEDECIMAL VALUEBIT POSITION
110
221
442
883
10164
20325
40646
801287
To write a control word or data to a register, the individual bits must be set to 0 or 1
then combined to form a byte.
The method of programming required to set/read bits from bytes is beyond the scope
of this manual.
6
In summary form, the registers and their function are listed on the following table.
Within each register are eight bits which may constitute a byte of data or eight
individual bit set/read functions.
Table 3-1. Board Register Functions
WRITE FUNCTIONREAD FUNCTIONADDRESS
1st Port A Output1st Port A Input BASE +0
1st Port B Output1st Port B InputBASE +1
1st Port C Output1st Port C InputBASE +2
Configure I/ONone. BASE +3
3.2 DIGITAL DATA REGISTERS
Port A
Base Address + 0
01234567
A0A1A2A3A4A5A6A7
Port B Data
Base Address +1
01234567
B0B1B2B3B4B5B6B7
Ports A & B may be programmed as input or output. Each is written to and read from
in bytes, but for control and monitoring, use individual bits.
When using bit set/reset and bit read functions, unwanted bits must be masked out of
reads and ORed into writes.
Port C Data
Base Address +2
01234567
C0C1C2C3C4C5C6C7
CL0CL1CL2CL3CH0CH1CH2CH3
Port C may be used as one 8-bit port of either input or outp ut, or it may be split into
two 4-bit ports which may be independently input or output. The notation for the
upper 4-bit port is CH3 - CH0, and for the lower, CL3 - CL0.
Although it may be split, every read and write to port C carries eight bits of data so
unwanted information must be ANDed out of reads, and writes must be ORed with the
current status of the other port.
7
3.2.1 Output Ports
Ports configured for output hold the output data written to them. This output byte can
be read back by reading a port configured for output.
IMPORTANT NOTE
THIS BOARD EMULATES THE 82C55. WHENEVER A
82C55 IS POWERED ON OR RESET, ALL PINS ARE SET
TO HIGH IMPEDANCE INPUT. SO DOES OUR
EMULATION.
The implications of this is that if you have output devices such as solid state relays,
they may be switched on whenever the computer is powered on or reset. To prevent
unwanted switching and to drive all outputs to a known state after power on or reset,
pull all pins either high or low through a 10K resistor.
To install pull up/down resistor packs, see the application note.
3.2.2 Input Ports
In 82C55 mode 0 configuration, ports configured for input read the state of the input
lines at the moment the read is executed, transitions are not latched.
3.3 CONTROL REGISTER
Configure A, B & C
Base Address +3
01234567
CLBN/ACUAN/AN/AN/A
Group BGroup A
The Ports A, B, C High and C Low may be independently programmed for input or
output. The most commonly used mode for an 82C55 is mode 0, input / output mode.
This is the only mode supported by the PC104-AC5. The codes for programming the
emulated 82C55 in this mode are shown in Table 3-2.
NOTE: D7 is always 1 and D6, D5 & D2 are always 0.
Digital Outputs - 74S244
Digital Inputs - 74LS373
24Number of I/O
2 banks of 8 bits each and 2 banks of 4 bits
each (8255A mode 0 emulation)
Each bank programmable as either input or
output
0.8V max.Input low voltage
2.0V min.Input high voltage
0.5V max. (Iol = 64 mA)Output low voltage
2.4V min. (Ioh = −15 mA)
−15 mA max.
64 mA max.Low Level Output Current
+5.5V max.Absolute maximum input voltage
Locations provided for user-installation.Pull-Up/Pull-Down Resistors
High impedance Power On / Reset
103mm wide x 96mm long x 15mm thickCard dimensions
Connector
49
50-pin. Compatible with SSR-PB24 using
C50FE-x cable
IRQ IN
(jumper-selectable)
See CAUTION Page 4
OR
+5V Out
Signal NamePinSignal NamePin
GND2PORT C – B71
GND4PORT C – B63
GND6PORT C – B55
GND8PORT C – B47
GND10PORT C – B39
GND12PORT C – B211
GND14PORT C – B113
GND16PORT C – B015
GND18PORT B – B717
GND20PORT B – B619
GND22PORT B – B521
GND24PORT B – B423
GND26PORT B – B325
GND28PORT B – B227
GND20PORT B – B129
GND32PORT B – B031
GND34PORT A – B733
GND36PORT A – B635
GND38PORT A – B537
GND40PORT A – B439
GND42PORT A – B341
GND44PORT A – B243
GND46PORT A – B145
GND48PORT A – B047
GND50
11
5 ELECTRONICS AND INTERFACING
5.1 INTRODUCTION
This short introduction to the electronics most o ften needed by digital I/O b oard users
covers the following topics:
y
Pull up/pull down resistors
y
Transistors
y
Power MOSFETs
y
Solid State Relays
y
Voltage Dividers
y
Low Pass Filters for digital inputs
y
Noise; sources and solutions
IMPORTANT NOTE
This board emulates the 82C55. WHENEVER THE 82C55 IS
POWERED ON OR RESET, ALL PINS ARE SET TO HIGH
IMPEDANCE INPUT.
The implications of this fact is that if you have output devices such as solid state
relays, they may be switched on whenever the computer is powered on or reset. To
prevent unwanted switching and to drive all outputs to a known state after power on or
reset, pull all pins either high or low through a 2.2K resistor.
To install pull up/down resistor packs, see the application note.
5.2 PULL UP & PULL DOWN RESISTORS
This description deals with pull up/down resistors and the emulated 82C55 digital I/O.
Whenever the PC104-AC5 is powered on or reset, the control register is set to a
known state. That state is mode 0, all ports are inputs.
When used as an output device to control other TTL input devices, the PC104-AC5
applies a voltage level of 0V for low and 2.5V to 5V for high.
12
The concept of voltage level of a PC104-AC5 in input mode is meaningless. Do not
connect a volt meter to the floating input of an PC104-AC5. It will show you nothing
of meaning. In input mode the PC104-AC5 is in 'high Z' or high impedance. If your
PC104-AC5 was connected to another input chip (the device you were controlling),
the inputs of that chip are left floating whenever the PC104-AC5 is in input mode.
If the inputs of the device you are controlling are left to float, they may float up or
down. Which way they float is dependent on the characteristics of the circuit and the
electrical environment; and is unpredictable This is why it often appears that the
PC104-AC5 has gone 'high' after power up. The result is that the controlled device
gets turned on.
That is why you need pull up/down
resistors.
82C55
Em ulated
Circuit
Shown here is one PC104-AC5
digital output with a pull-up
resistor attached.
The pull-up resistor provides a
reference to +5V while its value of
2200 ohms allows only about 2 mA
to flow through the circuit.
If the PC104-AC5 is reset and enters high impedance input, the line is pulled high. At
that point, both the PC104-AC5 AND the device being controlled will sense a high
signal.
If the PC104-AC5 is in output mode, the PC104-AC5 has more than enough power to
over ride the pull-up/down resistor's high signal and drive the line to 0 volts. If the
PC104-AC5 asserts a high signal, the pull up resistor guarantees that the line goes to
+5V.
A pull-down resistor accomplishes the same task except that the line is pulled low
when the PC104-AC5 is reset. The board has more than enough power to drive the
line high.
The PC104-AC5 board is equipped with positions for pull-up/down resistors Single
Inline Packages (SIPs). The positions are marked RN1 (Port A), RN2 (P ort B) and
RN3 (Port C) and are located beside the connector P1.
13
A 2.2Kohm, eight-resistor SIP has all its resistors connected on one end to a single
common pin. The common pin is marked with a dot and is at one end of the SIP. The
other resistor ends connect to eight in-line pins.
There are three locations for installation of SIP resistors on the PC104-AC5. They are
marked RN1 through RN3. The SIP can be installed to pull-up or pull-down. At each
location, RN1, 2, and 3, there are 10 holes in a line. On one end of the line a hole is
marked HI; the other end LO. The eight holes in the middle are connected to the eight
lines of a port, A, B, or C.
To pull-up all eight lines, orient the SIP with the common pin (dot) in the HI hole end;
to pull-down, install the resistor with the common pin in the LO hole.
Carefully solder the SIP in place.
A 2.2K resistor SIP is recommended. Use other values only if you have calculated the
necessity of doing so.
5.3 TTL TO SOLID STATE RELAYS
Many applications require digital outputs to switch AC and DC voltage motors on and
off and to monitor AC and DC voltages. High voltages c annot be controlled or read
directly by the TTL digital lines of a PC104-AC5.
Solid State Relays, such as those available from Measurement Computing Corp.
allow control and monitoring of AC and high DC voltages and provide 750V
isolation. Solid State Relays (SSRs) are the recommended method of interfacing to
AC and high DC signals.
The most convenient way to use solid state relays and a PC104-AC5 board is to use a
Solid State Relay Rack. A SSR Rack circuit board has outp ut buffers to switch the
socketed SSRs.
SSR Racks are available from Measurement Computing Corp.
5.4 VOLTAGE DIVIDERS
To measure a signal greater than the input range of a digital input, use a voltage
divider to drop the voltage of the input to the level the board can safely accept.
14
In a voltage divider, the voltage
across one of the resistors in a
circuit is proportional to that
resistance divided into the total
resistance in the circuit.
The object is to choose two
resistors with the proper ratio
relative to the full scale of the
digital input and the maximum
signal voltage.
For dropping the voltage
proportionally (attenuation) the
formula for is:
The variable Attenuation is the proportional difference
Attenuation = R1+R2
R2
2 = 10K+10K
10K
between the signal voltage max and the full scale of the
analog input.
For example, if the signal varies between 0 and 20 volts
and you wish to measure that with an analog input with a
full scale range of 0 to 10 volts, the Attenuation is 2:1 or
just 2.
For a given attentuation, pi ck a handy resisto r and ca ll it
R2, then use this formula to calculate R1.R1=(A-1)*R2
Digital inputs also may require voltage dividers. For example, if you wish to input a
24 volt digital signal, you cannot connect that directly to the PC104-AC5 digital
inputs. The voltage must be dropped to 5 volts max. The Attenuation is 24:5 or 4.8.
Use the equation above to find an appropriate R1 if R2 is 1K. Remember that a TTL
input is 'on' when the input voltage is greater than 2.5 volts.
IMPORTANT NOTE
The resistors, R1 and R2, are going to dissipate all the power in the
divider circuit according to the equation Current = Voltage /
Resistance and power = current-squared times resistance. The
higher the value of the resistance (R1 + R2) the less power
dissipated by the divider circuit. Here is a simple rule:
15
For Attenuation of 5:1 or less, no resistor should be less than 10K.
For Attenuation of greater than 5:1, no resistor should be less than 1K.
The CIO-TERMINAL has the circuitry on board to create custom voltage dividers. It
is a 16" by 4" screw terminal board with two 37-pin, D-type connectors and 56 screw
terminals (12 - 22 AWG). Designed for table top, wall, or rack mounting, the board
provides prototype, divider circuit, filter circuit and pull-up resistor positions which
you can use for your application.
5.5 LOW PASS FILTERS DE-BOUNCE INPUTS
A low-pass filter between a signal source and an A/D board attenuates higher than the
cut-off frequency, preventing them from entering the A/D board's analog or digital
input circuits.
The key term in a low pass filter circuit is cut-off frequency. The cut-off frequency is
that frequency above which no variation of voltage with respect to time may enter the
circuit. For example, if a low pass filter had a cut-off frequency of 30 Hz, the kind of
interference associated with line voltage (60 Hz) would be largely filtered out but a
signal of 25 Hz would pass.
Low-pass filters are often used to remove a switch-bounce noise signal from a switch
closure. The signal can be complex and have quite high frequency components
requiring a more sophisticated filter.
A simple low-pass filter can be
constructed from one resistor (R)
and one capacitor (C). The cut off
frequency is determined according
to the formula:
F
= 1
c
2*Pi*R*C
R = 1
2*Pi*C*F
c
Where Pi = 3.14...
R is in Ohms
C is in Farads
Fc is in cycles per second.
Signal
High
Signal
Volts
Signal
Low
LOW PASS FILTER - Fc =
16
C
1
2*Pi*R*C
A/D Board
High Input
A/D Board
Low Input
R
For your notes.
17
For your notes.
18
EC Declaration of Conformity
We, Measurement Computing Corp., declare under sole responsibility, that the
product:
Digital I/O BoardPC104-AC5
DescriptionPart Number
to which this declaration relates, meets the essential requirements, is in conformity
with, and CE marking has been applied according to the relevant EC Directives listed
below using the relevant section of the following EC standards and other normative
documents:
EU EMC Directive 89/336/EEC
compatibility.
EU 55022 Class B
characteristics of information technology equipment.
EN 50082-1
IEC 801-2
and control equipment.
IEC 801-3
measurements and control equipment.
IEC 801-4
equipment.
Carl Haapaoja, Director of Quality Assurance
: Electrostatic discharge requirements for industrial process measurement
: Radiated electromagnetic field requirements for industrial process
: Electrically fast transients for industrial process measurement and control
: Limits and methods of measurements of radio interference
: EC generic immunity requirements.
: Essential requirements relating to electromagnetic
Measurement Computing Corporation
10 Commerce Way
Suite 1008
Norton, Massachusetts 02766
(508) 946-5100
Fax: (508) 946-9500
E-mail: info@mccdaq.com
www.mccdaq.com
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