Maxtor DIAMONDMAX PLUS 40, 54098U8, 53073U6, 52049U4, 51536U3 User Manual

...

DiamondMax® Plus 40

54098U8, 53073U6, 52049U4, 51536U3, 51024U2

Part #1429/A

All material contained herein Copyright © 2000 Maxtor Corporation. MaxFax™ is a trademark of Maxtor Corporation. DiamondMax®, Maxtor and No Quibble® Service are registered trademarks of Maxtor Corporation. Other brands or products are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Contents and specifications subject to change without notice. All rights reserved.

Corporate Headquarters

510 Cottonwood Drive Milpitas, California 95035 Tel: 408-432-1700 Fax: 408-432-4510

Research and Development Center

2190 Miller Drive Longmont, Colorado 80501 Tel: 303-651-6000 Fax: 303-678-2165

Before YBefore Y

Before Y

Before YBefore Y

Thank you for your interest in the Maxtor DiamondMax® Plus 40 AT hard disk drives. This manual provides technical information for OEM engineers and systems integrators regarding the installation and use of DiamondMax hard drives. Drive repair should be performed only at an authorized repair center. For repair information, contact the Maxtor Customer Service Center at 800-2MAXTOR or 408-922-2085.

Before unpacking the hard drive, please review Sections 1 through 4.

ou Beginou Begin

ou Begin

ou Beginou Begin

CAUTION

Maxtor DiamondMax Plus 40 hard drives are precision products. Failure to

follow these precautions and guidelines outlined here may lead to

product failure, damage and invalidation of all warranties.

3 During handling,

4 Once a drive is removed from the Maxtor shipping container,

BEFORE unpacking or handling a drive, take all proper electro-static discharge (ESD) precautions, including personnel and equipment grounding. Stand-alone drives are sensitive to ESD damage.

BEFORE

temperature.

the drive through its mounting holes within a chassis. Otherwise, store the drive on a padded, grounded, antistatic surface.

NEVER

into the drive's connector.

ELECTRICAL GROUNDING -

to a device bay that provides a suitable electrical ground to the drive baseplate.

removing drives from their packing material, allow them to reach room

NEVER

drop, jar, or bump a drive.

switch DC power onto the drive by plugging an electrically live DC source cable

NEVER

connect a live bus to the drive's interface connector.

For proper operation, the drive must be securely fastened

Please do not remove or cover up Maxtor factory-installed drive labels.

They contain information required should the drive ever need repair.

IMMEDIATELY

secure

ContentsContents

Contents

ContentsContents

DIAMONDMAX PLUS 40 PRODUCT MANUAL

Section 1 Section 1

Section 1 —

Section 1 Section 1

Maxtor Corporation 1 - 1

Products 1 - 1

Support 1 - 1

Manual Organization 1 - 1

Abbreviations 1 - 1

Conventions 1 - 2

Key Words 1 - 2

Numbering 1 - 2

Signal Conventions 1 - 2

Section 2 Section 2

Section 2 —

Section 2 Section 2

The DiamondMax® Plus 40

Product Features 2 - 2

Functional/Interface 2 - 2

Cache Management 2 - 4

Buffer Segmentation 2 - 4

Read-Ahead Mode 2 - 4

Automatic Write Reallocation (AWR) 2 - 4

Write Cache Stacking 2 - 4

Major HDA Components 2 - 5

Drive Mechanism 2 - 5

Rotary Actuator 2 - 5

Read/Write Electronics 2 - 5

Read/Write Heads and Media 2 - 5

Air Filtration System 2 - 5

Microprocessor 2 - 5

Subsystem Configuration 2 - 6

Dual Drive Support 2 - 6

Cable Select Option 2 - 6

Jumper Location/Configuration 2 - 6

Cylinder Limitation 2 - 6

Introduction Introduction

Introduction

Introduction Introduction

Product Description Product Description

Product Description

Product Description Product Description

Zone Density Recording 2 - 2

Read/Write Multiple Mode 2 - 2

UltraDMA - Mode 4 2 - 2

Multi-word DMA (EISA Type B) - Mode 2 2 - 2

Sector Address Translation 2 - 2

Logical Block Addressing 2 - 3

Defect Management Zone 2 - 3

On-the-Fly Hardware Error Correction Code (ECC) 2 - 3

Software ECC Correction 2 - 3

Automatic Head Park and Lock Operation 2 - 3

DIAMONDMAX PLUS 40 PRODUCT MANUAL

Section 3 Section 3

Section 3 —

Section 3 Section 3

Models and Capacities 3 - 1

Drive Configuration 3 - 1

Performance Specifications 3 - 1

Physical Dimensions 3 - 2

Power Requirements 3 - 3

Power Mode Definitions 3 - 3

Spin-up 3 - 3

Seek 3 - 3

Read/Write 3 - 3

Idle 3 - 3

Standby 3 - 3

Sleep 3 - 3

EPA Energy Star Compliance 3 - 3

Environmental Limits 3 - 3

Shock and Vibration 3 - 4

Reliability Specifications 3 - 4

Annual Return Rate 3 - 4

Quality Acceptance Rate 3 - 4

Start/Stop Cycles 3 - 4

Data Reliability 3 - 4

Component Design Life 3 - 4

EMC/EMI 3 - 5

EMC Compliance 3 - 5

Canadian Emissions Statement 3 - 5

Safety Regulatory Compliance 3 - 5

Product Specifications Product Specifications

Product Specifications

Product Specifications Product Specifications

Section 4 Section 4

Section 4 —

Section 4 Section 4

Hard Drive Handling Precautions 4 - 1

Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) 4 - 1

Unpacking and Inspection 4 - 2

Repacking 4 - 3

Physical Installation 4 - 3

Before You Begin 4 - 4

Please Read 4 - 4

Back up. Protect Your Existing Data 4 - 4

Tools for Installation 4 - 4

System Requirements 4 - 4

Operating System Requirements 4 - 4

Hook up 4 - 4

Boot the System with MaxBlast Plus Diskette 4 - 4

Configure the Drive Jumpers 4 - 4

Installaing 5.25-inch Mounting Brackets 4 - 4

Install Hard Drive in Device Bay 4 - 5

Attach Interface and Power Cables 4 - 5

Start up 4 - 5

Set up 4 - 5

Handling and Installation Handling and Installation

Handling and Installation

Handling and Installation Handling and Installation

DIAMONDMAX PLUS 40 PRODUCT MANUAL

Section 5 Section 5

Section 5 —

Section 5 Section 5

Interface Connector 5 - 1

Pin Description Summary 5 - 1

Pin Description Table 5 - 2

PIO Timing 5 - 3

DMA Timing 5 - 4

Ultra DMA Timing Parameters 5 - 5

Section 6 Section 6

Section 6 —

Section 6 Section 6

Task File Registers 6 - 1

Data Register 6 - 1

Error Register 6 - 1

Features Register 6 - 1

Sector Count Register 6 - 2

Sector Number Register 6 - 2

Cylinder Number Registers 6 - 2

Device/Head Register 6 - 2

Status Register 6 - 2

Command Register 6 - 3

Read Commands 6 - 3

Write Commands 6 - 3

Mode Set/Check Commands 6 - 3

Power Mode Commands 6 - 3

Initialization Commands 6 - 3

Seek, Format, and Diagnostic Commands 6 - 3

S.M.A.R.T. Commands 6 - 3

Summary 6 - 4

Control Diagnostic Registers 6 - 5

Alternate Status Register 6 - 5

Device Control Register 6 - 5

Digital Input Register 6 - 5

Reset and Interrupt Handling 6 - 6

AT Interface Description AT Interface Description

AT Interface Description

AT Interface Description AT Interface Description

Host Software Interface Host Software Interface

Host Software Interface

Host Software Interface Host Software Interface

Section 7 Section 7

Section 7 —

Section 7 Section 7

Command Summary 7 - 1

Read Commands 7 - 2

Write Commands 7 - 4

Interface Commands Interface Commands

Interface Commands

Interface Commands Interface Commands

Read Sector(s) 7 - 2

Read Verify Sector(s) 7 - 2

Read Sector Buffer 7 - 2

Read DMA 7 - 3

Read Multiple 7 - 3

Set Multiple 7 - 3

Write Sector(s) 7 - 4

iii

DIAMONDMAX PLUS 40 PRODUCT MANUAL

Write Verify Sector(s) 7 - 4

Write Sector Buffer 7 - 4

Write DMA 7 - 5

Write Multiple 7 - 5

Ultra DMA 7 - 5

Set Feature Commands 7 - 5

Set Features Mode 7 - 5

Power Mode Commands 7 - 7

Standby Immediate 7 - 7

Idle Immediate 7 - 7

Standby 7 - 7

Idle 7 - 7

Check Power Mode 7 - 7

Set Sleep Mode 7 - 7

Default Power-on Condition 7 - 7

Initialization Commands 7 - 9

Identify Drive 7 - 9

Initialize Drive Parameters 7 - 12

Seek, Format, and Diagnostic Commands 7 - 13

S.M.A.R.T. Command Set 7 - 14

Section 8 Section 8

Section 8 —

Section 8 Section 8

Service Policy 8 - 1

No Quibble Service 8 - 1

Support 8 - 1

GlossaryGlossary

Glossary

GlossaryGlossary

Service and Support Service and Support

Service and Support

Service and Support Service and Support

FiguresFigures

Figures

FiguresFigures

Figure Title Page

2 - 1 PCBA Jumper Location and Configuration 2 - 6

3 - 1 Outline and Mounting Dimensions 3 - 2

4 - 1 Multi-pack Shipping Container 4 - 2

4 - 2 Single-pack Shipping Container (Option A) 4 - 3

4 - 3 Single-pack Shipping Container (Option B) 4 - 3

4 - 4 Master, Slave and Cable Select Settings 4 - 5

4 - 5 5.25-inch Mounting Brackets and Rails 4 - 6

4 - 6 IDE Interface and Power Cabling Detail 4 - 7

4 - 7 Master, Slave and Cable Select Settings 4 - 10

5 - 1 Data Connector 5 - 1

5 - 2 PIO Data Transfer to/from Device 5 - 3

5 - 3 Multi-word DMA Data Transfer 5 - 4

5 - 4 Initiating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst 5 - 5

5 - 5 Sustained Ultra DMA Data In Burst 5 - 6

5 - 6 Host Pausing an Ultra DMA Data In Burst 5 - 6

5 - 7 Device Terminating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst 5 - 7

5 - 8 Host Terminating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst 5 - 7

5 - 9 Initiating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst 5 - 8

5 - 10 Sustained Ultra DMA Data Out Burst 5 - 8

5 - 11 Device Pausing an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst 5 - 9

5 - 12 Host Terminating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst 5 - 9

5 - 13 Device Terminating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst 5 - 10

DIAMONDMAX PLUS 40 PRODUCT MANUAL

DIAMONDMAX PLUS 40 – INTRODUCTION

SECTION 1

IntroductionIntroduction

Introduction

IntroductionIntroduction

Maxtor CorporationMaxtor Corporation

Maxtor Corporation

Maxtor CorporationMaxtor Corporation

Maxtor Corporation has been providing high-quality computer storage products since 1982. Along the way, we’ve seen many changes in data storage needs. Not long ago, only a handful of specific users needed more than a couple hundred megabytes of storage. Today, downloading from the Internet and CD-ROMs, multimedia, networking and advanced office applications are driving storage needs even higher. Even home PC applications need capacities measured in gigabytes, not megabytes.

ProductsProducts

Products

ProductsProducts

Maxtor’s products meet demanding storage capacity requirements with room to spare. They feature proven compatibility and reliability. While DiamondMax performance 7,200 RPM desktop and workstation hard drives, our DiamondMax deliver industry-leading capacity, reliability and value for entry-level systems and consumer electronics applications.

SupportSupport

Support

SupportSupport

No matter which capacity, all Maxtor hard drives are supported by our commitment to total customer satisfaction and our No Quibble Service

guarantee. One call – or a visit to our home page on the Internet (http://www.maxtor.com) – puts you in touch with either technical support or customer service. We’ll provide you the information you need quickly, accurately and in the form you prefer – a fax, a downloaded file or a conversation with a representative.

Plus 40 is the latest addition to our legacy of high

VL 20 series hard drives

Manual OrganizationManual Organization

Manual Organization

Manual OrganizationManual Organization

This hard disk drive reference manual is organized in the following method:

❏ Section 1 – Introduction ❏ Section 2 – Description ❏ Section 3 – Specifications ❏ Section 4 – Installation ❏ Section 5 – AT Interface ❏ Section 6 – Host Software Interface ❏ Section 7 – Interface Commands ❏ Section 8 – Service and Support ❏ Appendix – Glossary

AbbreviationsAbbreviations

Abbreviations

AbbreviationsAbbreviations

VRBBANOITPIRCSEDVRBBANOITPIRCSED

ATAtnemhcattaTABMetybagem

ipbhcnirepstibces/stibMdnocesrepstibagem

SHCrotces-daeh-rednilycces/BMdnocesrepsetybagem

bdslebicedzHMztrehagem

ABddethgiewA,slebicedsmdnocesillim

AMDsseccayromemtceridBSMtibtnacifingistsom

CCEedocnoitcerrocrorreVmstlovillim

icfhcnirepsegnahcxulfsnsdnocesonan

GnoitareleccaOIPtuptuo/tupnidemmargorp

BGetybagigMPRetunimrepsnoitulover

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BSLtibtnacifingistsaelVstlov

AmserepmaillimWsttaw

1 – 1

DIAMONDMAX PLUS 40 – INTRODUCTION

ConventionsConventions

Conventions

ConventionsConventions

If there is a conflict between text and tables, the table shall be accepted as being correct.

Key WordsKey Words

Key Words

Key WordsKey Words

The names of abbreviations, commands, fields and acronyms used as signal names are in all uppercase type (e.g., IDENTIFY DRIVE). Fields containing only one bit are usually referred to as the “name” bit instead of the “name” field.

Names of drive registers begin with a capital letter (e.g., Cylinder High register).

NumberingNumbering

Numbering

NumberingNumbering

Numbers that are not followed by a lowercase “b” or “h” are decimal values. Numbers that are followed by a lowercase “b” (e.g., 01b) are binary values. Numbers that are followed by a lowercase “h” (e.g., 3Ah) are hexadecimal values.

Signal ConventionsSignal Conventions

Signal Conventions

Signal ConventionsSignal Conventions

Signal names are shown in all uppercase type.

All signals are either high active or low active signals. A dash character (-) at the end of a signal name indicates that the signal is low active. A low active signal is true when it is below ViL and is false when it is above ViH. A signal without a dash at the end indicates that the signal is high active. A high active signal is true when it is above ViH and is false when it is below ViL.

When a signal is asserted, it means the signal is driven by an active circuit to its true state.

When a signal is negated, it means the signal is driven by an active circuit to its false state.

When a signal is released, it means the signal is not actively driven to any state. Some signals have bias circuitry that pull the signal to either a true or false state when no signal driver is actively asserting or negating the signal. These instances are noted under the description of the signal.

1 – 2

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

SECTION 2

ProductProduct

Product

ProductProduct

Maxtor DiamondMax® Plus 40 AT disk drives are 1-inch high, 3.5-inch diameter random access storage devices which incorporate an on-board ATA-5/Ultra DMA 66 controller. High capacity is achieved by a balanced combination of high areal recording density and the latest data encoding and servo techniques.

Maxtor's latest advancements in electronic packaging and integration methods have lowered the drive's power consumption and increased its reliability. Advanced giant magneto-resistive read/write heads and a state-of-the-art head/disk assembly - using an integrated motor/spindle design - allow up to four disks in a 3.5-inch package.

Exceptionally high data transfer rates, 7,200 RPM spin speed and < 9.0 ms access times make these performance series disk drives especially well-suited to high-end desktop and server applications.

DiamondMax Plus 40 Key FeaturesDiamondMax Plus 40 Key Features

DiamondMax Plus 40 Key Features

DiamondMax Plus 40 Key FeaturesDiamondMax Plus 40 Key Features

ANSI ATA-5 compliant PIO Mode 4 interface (Enhanced IDE)

Supports Ultra DMA Mode 4 for up to 66.7 MB/sec data transfers

2 MB buffer with multi-adaptive cache manager

7,200 RPM spin speed

< 9.0 ms seek time

DescriptionDescription

Description

DescriptionDescription

Zone density and I.D.-less recording

Outstanding shock resistance at 250 Gs

High durability with 50K contact start/stop cycles

Advanced multi-burst on-the-fly Error Correction Code (ECC)

Extended data integrity with ECC protected data and fault tolerant servo synchronization fields

Supports EPA Energy Star Standards (Green PC Friendly) with ATA powering savings commands

Auto park and lock actuator mechanism

Low power consumption

S.M.A.R.T. Capability

Note: Maxtor defines one megabyte as 106 or one million bytes and one gigabyte as 109 or one billion bytes.

2 – 1

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

ProductProduct

Product

ProductProduct

Functional / InterfaceFunctional / Interface

Functional / Interface

Functional / InterfaceFunctional / Interface

Maxtor DiamondMax Plus 40 hard drives contain all necessary mechanical and electronic parts to interpret control signals and commands from an AT-compatible host computer. See Section 3 Product Specifications, for complete drive specifications.

Zone Density RecordingZone Density Recording

Zone Density Recording

Zone Density RecordingZone Density Recording

Read / Write Multiple ModeRead / Write Multiple Mode

Read / Write Multiple Mode

Read / Write Multiple ModeRead / Write Multiple Mode

UltraDMA - Mode 4UltraDMA - Mode 4

UltraDMA - Mode 4

UltraDMA - Mode 4UltraDMA - Mode 4

Multi-word DMA (EISA Type B) - Mode 2Multi-word DMA (EISA Type B) - Mode 2

Multi-word DMA (EISA Type B) - Mode 2

Multi-word DMA (EISA Type B) - Mode 2Multi-word DMA (EISA Type B) - Mode 2

FeaturesFeatures

Features

FeaturesFeatures

The disk capacity is increased with bit density management – common with Zone Density Recording. Each disk surface is divided into 16 circumferential zones. All tracks within a given zone contain a constant number of data sectors. The number of data sectors per track varies in different zones; the outermost zone contains the largest number of data sectors and the innermost contains the fewest.

This mode is implemented per ANSI ATA/ATAPI-5 specification. Read/Write Multiple allows the host to transfer a set number of sectors without an interrupt request between them, reducing transfer process overhead and improving host performance.

Maxtor DiamondMax Plus 40 hard drives fully comply with the new ANSI Ultra DMA protocol, which greatly improves overall AT interface performance by significantly improving burst and sustained data throughput.

Supports multi-word Direct Memory Access (DMA) EISA Type B mode transfers.

Sector Address TranslationSector Address Translation

Sector Address Translation

Sector Address TranslationSector Address Translation

All DiamondMax Plus 40 drives feature a universal translate mode. In an AT/EISA-class system, the drive may be configured to any specified combination of cylinders, heads and sectors (within the range of the drive's formatted capacity). DiamondMax Plus 40 drives power-up in a translate mode:

LEDOMLYCDHTPSenoZLmocPWABLXAMYTICAPAC

8U89045604,976136)*()*(842,140,08BM089,04 6U37035455,956136)*()*(234,030,06BM537,03 4U94025307,936136)*()*(426,020,04BM094,02 3U63515777,926136)*()*(612,510,03BM763,51 2U42015258,916136)*()*(618,010,02BM542,01

(*) The fields LZone (Landing Zone) and WPcom (Write Pre-comp) are not used by the Maxtor hard drive and the values may be either 0 or the values set by the BIOS. All capacities listed in the above table are based on 106 or one million bytes.

Logical Block AddressingLogical Block Addressing

Logical Block Addressing

Logical Block AddressingLogical Block Addressing

The Logical Block Address (LBA) mode can only be utilized in systems that support this form of translation. The cylinder, head and sector geometry of the drive, as presented to the host, differs from the actual physical geometry. The host AT computer may access a drive of set parameters: number of cylinders, heads and sectors per track, plus cylinder, head and sector addresses. However, the drive can’t use these host parameters directly because of zoned recording techniques. The drive translates the host parameters to a set of logical internal addresses for data access.

The host drive geometry parameters are mapped into an LBA based on this formula:

LBA = (HSCA - 1) + HHDA x HSPT + HNHD x HSPT x HCYA (1)

where HSCA = Host Sector Address, HHDA = Host Head Address

= (HSCA - 1) + HSPT x (HHDA + HNHD x HCYA) (2)

HCYA = Host Cylinder Address, HNHD = Host Number of Heads HSPT = Host Sectors per Track

2 – 2

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

The LBA is checked for violating the drive capacity. If it does not, the LBA is converted to physical drive cylinder, head and sector values. The physical address is then used to access or store the data on the disk and for other drive related operations.

Defect Management Zone (DMZ)Defect Management Zone (DMZ)

Defect Management Zone (DMZ)

Defect Management Zone (DMZ)Defect Management Zone (DMZ)

Each drive model has a fixed number of spare sectors per drive, all of which are located at the end of the drive. Upon detection of a bad sector that has been reassigned, the next sequential sector is used.

For example, if sector 3 is flagged, data that would have been stored there is “pushed down” and recorded in sector 4. Sector 4 then effectively becomes sector 3, as sequential sectors are “pushed down” across the entire drive. The first spare sector makes up for the loss of sector 3, and so maintains the sequential order of data. This push down method assures maximum performance.

On-the-Fly Hardware Error Correction Code (ECC)On-the-Fly Hardware Error Correction Code (ECC)

On-the-Fly Hardware Error Correction Code (ECC)

On-the-Fly Hardware Error Correction Code (ECC)On-the-Fly Hardware Error Correction Code (ECC)

5 symbols, single burst, guaranteed

Software ECC CorrectionSoftware ECC Correction

Software ECC Correction

Software ECC CorrectionSoftware ECC Correction

22 symbols, single burst, guaranteed

Automatic Park and Lock OperationAutomatic Park and Lock Operation

Automatic Park and Lock Operation

Automatic Park and Lock OperationAutomatic Park and Lock Operation

Immediately following power down, dynamic braking of the spinning disks delays momentarily allowing the read/write heads to move to an inner mechanical stop. A small fixed magnet holds the rotary actuator in place as the disk spins down. The rotary actuator is released only when power is again applied.

Cache ManagementCache Management

Cache Management

Cache ManagementCache Management

Buffer SegmentationBuffer Segmentation

Buffer Segmentation

Buffer SegmentationBuffer Segmentation

The data buffer is organized into two segments: the data buffer and the micro controller scratch pad. The data buffer is dynamically allocated for read and write data depending on the commands received. A variable number of read and write buffers may exist at the same time.

Read-Ahead ModeRead-Ahead Mode

Read-Ahead Mode

Read-Ahead ModeRead-Ahead Mode

Normally, this mode is active. Following a read request, disk read-ahead begins on the first sector and continues sequentially until the allocated buffer is full. If a read request is received during the read-ahead operation, the buffer is examined to determine if the request is in the cache. If a cache hit occurs, readahead mode continues without interruption and the host transfer begins immediately.

Automatic Write Reallocation (AWR)Automatic Write Reallocation (AWR)

Automatic Write Reallocation (AWR)

Automatic Write Reallocation (AWR)Automatic Write Reallocation (AWR)

This feature is part of the write cache and reduces the risk of data loss during deferred write operations. If a disk error occurs during the disk write process, the disk task stops and the suspect sector is reallocated to a pool of alternate sectors located at the end of the drive. Following reallocation, the disk write task continues until it is complete.

Write Cache StackingWrite Cache Stacking

Write Cache Stacking

Write Cache StackingWrite Cache Stacking

Normally, this mode is active. Write cache mode accepts the host write data into the buffer until the buffer is full or the host transfer is complete. A command complete interrupt is generated at the end of the transfer.

A disk write task begins to store the host data to disk. Host write commands continue to be accepted and data transferred to the buffer until either the write command stack is full or the data buffer is full. The drive may reorder write commands to optimize drive throughput.

2 – 3

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Major HDA ComponentsMajor HDA Components

Major HDA Components

Major HDA ComponentsMajor HDA Components

Drive MechanismDrive Mechanism

Drive Mechanism

Drive MechanismDrive Mechanism

A brush-less DC direct drive motor rotates the spindle at 7,200 RPM (±0.1%). The dynamically balanced motor/spindle assembly ensures minimal mechanical run-out to the disks. A dynamic brake provides a fast stop to the spindle motor upon power removal. The speed tolerance includes motor performance and motor circuit tolerances.

Rotary ActuatorRotary Actuator

Rotary Actuator

Rotary ActuatorRotary Actuator

All DiamondMax Plus 40 drives employ a rotary voice coil actuator which consists of a moving coil, an actuator arm assembly and stationary magnets. The actuator moves on a low-mass, low-friction center shaft. The low friction contributes to fast access times and low power consumption.

Read/Write ElectronicsRead/Write Electronics

Read/Write Electronics

Read/Write ElectronicsRead/Write Electronics

An integrated circuit mounted within the sealed head disk assembly (near the read/write heads) provides up to eight head selection (depending on the model), read pre-amplification and write drive circuitry.

Read/Write Heads and MediaRead/Write Heads and Media

Read/Write Heads and Media

Read/Write Heads and MediaRead/Write Heads and Media

Low mass, low force giant magneto-resistive read/write heads record data on 3.5-inch diameter disks. Maxtor uses a sputtered thin film medium on all disks for DiamondMax Plus 40 drives.

Air Filtration SystemAir Filtration System

Air Filtration System

Air Filtration SystemAir Filtration System

All DiamondMax Plus 40 drives are assembled in a Class 100 controlled environment. Over the life of the drive, a 0.1 micron filter and breather filter located within the sealed head disk assembly (HDA) maintain a clean environment to the heads and disks. DiamondMax 40 drives are designed to operate in a typical office environment with minimum environmental control.

MicroprocessorMicroprocessor

Microprocessor

MicroprocessorMicroprocessor

The microprocessor controls the following functions for the drive electronics:

Command execution

Cache management

Data correction and error recovery

Diagnostic execution

Data sequencing

Head positioning (including error recovery)

Host interface

Index detection

Spin speed control

Seeks

Servo

S.M.A.R.T.

2 – 4

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

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Subsystem ConfigurationSubsystem Configuration

Subsystem Configuration

Subsystem ConfigurationSubsystem Configuration

Dual Drive SupportDual Drive Support

Dual Drive Support

Dual Drive SupportDual Drive Support

Two drives may be accessed via a common interface cable, using the same range of I/O addresses. The drives are jumpered as device 0 or 1 (Master/Slave), and are selected by the drive select bit in the Device/Head register of the task file.

All Task File registers are written in parallel to both drives. The interface processor on each drive decides whether a command written to it should be executed; this depends on the type of command and which drive is selected. Only the drive selected executes the command and activates the data bus in response to host I/O reads; the drive not selected remains inactive.

A master/slave relationship exists between the two drives: device 0 is the master and device 1 the slave. When J50 is closed (factory default, figure 2-1), the drive assumes the role of master; when open, the drive acts as a slave. In single drive configurations, J50 must be closed.

Cable Select OptionCable Select Option

Cable Select Option

Cable Select OptionCable Select Option

CSEL (cable select) is an optional feature per ANSI ATA specification. Drives configured in a multiple drive system are identified by CSEL’s value:

– If CSEL is grounded, then the drive address is 0. – If CSEL is open, then the drive address is 1.

Jumper Location / ConfigurationJumper Location / Configuration

Jumper Location / Configuration

Jumper Location / ConfigurationJumper Location / Configuration

Darkened jumper pins indicate factory-installed (default) shunts.

+12 VDC

+12 V return

EIDE Interface Connector

J1  pin 1

J50 - Master/Slave

J48 - Cable Select

J46 - Cylinder Limitation

J44 - Factory Reserved

J42 - Factory Reserved

+5 V return

+5 VDC

Power Connector

Figure 2-1

PCBA Jumper Location and Configuration

Cylinder Limitation Jumper DescriptionCylinder Limitation Jumper Description

Cylinder Limitation Jumper Description

Cylinder Limitation Jumper DescriptionCylinder Limitation Jumper Description

On some older BIOS', primarily those that auto-configure the disk drive, a hang may occur. The Cylinder Limitation jumper reduces the capacity in the Identify Drive allowing large capacity drives to work with older BIOS'. The capacity reported when J46 is closed will be as follows: drives less than or equal to 32GB will report 2.1GB. Drives greater than 32GB will report 32GB.

2 – 5

Product SpecificationsProduct Specifications

Product Specifications

Product SpecificationsProduct Specifications

Models and CapacitiesModels and Capacities

Models and Capacities

Models and CapacitiesModels and Capacities

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Drive ConfigurationDrive Configuration

Drive Configuration

Drive ConfigurationDrive Configuration

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8U890456U370354U940253U635152U42015

089,04537,03094,02763,51542,01

01saetybagemenosenifedrotxaM

842,140,08234,030,06426,020,04612,510,03618,010,02

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION 3

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Performance SpecificationsPerformance Specifications

Performance Specifications

Performance SpecificationsPerformance Specifications

LEDOM8U890456U370354U940253U635152U42015

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ycnetaLegarevAsm71.4

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MPR002,7

ces/BM0.66otpu

ces/BM7.61otpu

3 – 1

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

Physical Dimensions Physical Dimensions

Physical Dimensions (maximum)

Physical Dimensions Physical Dimensions

RETEMARAPDRADNATSCIRTEM

thgieHsehcni820.1sretemillim1.62 htgneLsehcni787.5sretemillim741

htdiWsehcni00.4sretemillim6.101

thgieWsdnuop3.1smargolik95.0

1.028 max

[26.1 mm ma

6 x 6-32 UNC -28 THREAD

4 x 6-32 UNC -28 THREAD

4.00 ± .01

[101.6 ± 0.5 mm]

5.787 max

[147 mm max]

1.75 ± .01

[44.95 ± 0.25 mm]

1.638 ± .010

[41.6 ± 0.25 mm]

1.122 ± .020

[28.5 ± 0.5 mm]

1.625 ± .02

[41.28 ± 0.5 mm]

.25 ± .01

[6.35 ± 0.25 m

4.00 ± .01

3.75 ± .01

[101.6 ± 0.25 mm]

[95.25 ± 0.25 mm]

3 – 2

Outline and Mounting Dimensions

Figure 3 - 1

.125 ± .010

[3.18 ± .025 mm]

Power RequirementsPower Requirements

Power Requirements

Power RequirementsPower Requirements

EDOM%01±V21%5±V5REWOP

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Power Mode DefinitionsPower Mode Definitions

Power Mode Definitions

Power Mode DefinitionsPower Mode Definitions

Spin-upSpin-up

Spin-up

Spin-upSpin-up

The drive is spinning up following initial application of power and has not yet reached full speed.

SeekSeek

Seek

SeekSeek

A random access operation by the disk drive.

Read/WriteRead/Write

Read/Write

Read/WriteRead/Write

Data is being read from or written to the drive.

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

IdleIdle

Idle

IdleIdle

The drive is spinning, the actuator is parked and powered off and all other circuitry is powered on. The drive is capable of responding to read commands within 40 ms.

StandbyStandby

Standby

StandbyStandby

The spin motor is not spinning. The drive will leave this mode upon receipt of a command that requires disk access. The time-out value for this mode is programmable. The buffer is active to accept write data.

SleepSleep

Sleep

SleepSleep

This is the lowest power state – with the interface set to inactive. A software or hardware reset is required to return the drive to the Standby state.

EPA Energy Star ComplianceEPA Energy Star Compliance

EPA Energy Star Compliance

EPA Energy Star ComplianceEPA Energy Star Compliance

Maxtor Corporation supports the goals of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Energy Star program to reduce the electrical power consumption of computer equipment.

Environmental LimitsEnvironmental Limits

Environmental Limits

Environmental LimitsEnvironmental Limits

RETEMARAPGNITAREPOEGAROTS/GNITAREPO-NON

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.snoitidnocdecudni-toh;yrogetaccitamilc

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3 – 3

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

Shock and VibrationShock and Vibration

Shock and Vibration

Shock and VibrationShock and Vibration

RETEMARAPGNITAREPOGNITAREPO-NON

zH003-01edutilpma)kaep-0(G0.1

Reliability SpecificationsReliability Specifications

Reliability Specifications

Reliability SpecificationsReliability Specifications

Annual Return RateAnnual Return Rate

Annual Return Rate

Annual Return RateAnnual Return Rate

< 1.0% Annual Return Rate (ARR) indicates the average against products shipped.

Quality Acceptance RateQuality Acceptance Rate

Quality Acceptance Rate

Quality Acceptance RateQuality Acceptance Rate

< 1,000 DPPM The quality acceptance rate indicates the percentage of Maxtor products

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kcohSlanoitatoR egamadon,sm0.1-5.0,ces/daR000,02

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srorreon

noitarbiVeniStpewS

zH/

G800.0tazH26-84

zH/

G400.0tazH003-56

zH/

G6000.0tazH005-103

zH/

ARR includes all reasons for returns (failures, handling damage, NDF), but does not include inventory credit returns.

successfully installed by our customers, and/or the number of defective parts per million (DPPM) encountered during the entire installation process.

G50.0tazH01

zH/

G550.0tazH02

zH/

G50.0tazH003

zH/

G4100.0tazH103

zH/

G100.0tazH067-005

zH/

G300.0tazH778

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G100.0tazH0751-0001

G100.0tazH0002

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Start/Stop CyclesStart/Stop Cycles

Start/Stop Cycles

Start/Stop CyclesStart/Stop Cycles

50,000 This indicates the average minimum cycles for reliable start/stop function.

Data ReliabilityData Reliability

Data Reliability

Data ReliabilityData Reliability

< 10 per 1015 bits read Data errors (non-recoverable). Average data error rate allowed with all error

recovery features activated.

Component Design LifeComponent Design Life

Component Design Life

Component Design LifeComponent Design Life

5 years (minimum) Component design life is defined as a.) the time period before identified

wear-out mechanisms impact the failure rate, or b.) the time period up to the wear-out point when useful component life expires.

3 – 4

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

EMC/EMIEMC/EMI

EMC/EMI

EMC/EMIEMC/EMI

Radiated Electromagnetic Field Emissions - EMC ComplianceRadiated Electromagnetic Field Emissions - EMC Compliance

Radiated Electromagnetic Field Emissions - EMC Compliance

Radiated Electromagnetic Field Emissions - EMC ComplianceRadiated Electromagnetic Field Emissions - EMC Compliance

The hard disk drive mechanism is designed as a subassembly for installation into a suitable enclosure and is therefore not subject to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules (47CFR15) or the Canadian Department of Communications Radio Interference Regulations. Although not required, the disk mechanism has been tested within a suitable end-use product and found to comply with Class B limits of the FCC Rules and Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.

The CE Marking indicates conformity with the European Union Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC) when the disk mechanism is installed in a typical personal computer. Maxtor recommends that testing and analysis for EMC compliance be performed with the disk mechanism installed within the user's end-use application.

Canadian Emissions StatementCanadian Emissions Statement

Canadian Emissions Statement

Canadian Emissions StatementCanadian Emissions Statement

This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the radio interference regulations of the Canadian department of communications.

Le present appareil numerique n'emet pas de bruit radioelectriques depassant les limites applicables aux appareils numeriques de Class B prescrites dans le reglement sur le brouillage radioelectrique edicte par le ministere des communications du Canada.

Safety Regulatory ComplianceSafety Regulatory Compliance

Safety Regulatory Compliance

Safety Regulatory ComplianceSafety Regulatory Compliance

All Maxtor hard drives comply with relevant product safety standards such as CE, CUL, TUV and UL rules and regulations. As delivered, Maxtor hard drives are designed for system integration before they are used.

3 – 5

SECTION 4

Handling and InstallationHandling and Installation

Handling and Installation

Handling and InstallationHandling and Installation

Hard Drive Handling PrecautionsHard Drive Handling Precautions

Hard Drive Handling Precautions

Hard Drive Handling PrecautionsHard Drive Handling Precautions

◆ If the handling precautions are not followed, damage to the hard drive may result - which may void the warranty.

◆ During handling, NEVER drop, jar, or bump a drive. Handle the drive by its sides and avoid touching the printed circuit board

assembly (PCBA).

◆ Hard drives are sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage. Use proper ESD practices by grounding yourself and the

computer system the hard drive will be installed in.

◆ Allow the hard drive to reach room temperature BEFORE installing it in your computer system.

◆ NEVER switch DC power onto the drive by plugging an electrically live DC source cable into the drive's connector. NEVER

connect a live connector to the hard drive's IDE interface connector.

◆

ELECTRICAL GROUNDING - For proper operation, the drive must be securely fastened to a device bay that provides a suitable electrical ground to the drive baseplate.

INSTALLATION

Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)

Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)

Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)

To avoid some of the problems associated with ESD, Maxtor advises that anyone handling a disk drive use a wrist strap with an attached wire connected to an earth ground. Failure to observe these precautions voids the product warranty.

Manufacturers frequently experience “unsolved” component/hardware malfunctions often caused by ESD. To reduce the incidence of ESD-related problems, Maxtor recommends that any electronics manufacturing plans include a comprehensive ESD program, the basic elements and functions of which are outlined here:

ESD Program Element ESD Program Function Management Institute and maintain Chief coordinator Organize and enforce Multi-department committee Evaluate and improve Employee training Educate and inform

ESD program supplies typically include: wrist- and foot-worn grounding straps; counter-top and floor antistatic matting; wrist strap testers; ESD video and training materials. Sources for such supplies include:

Static Control Systems – 3M Charleswater 225-4S, 3M Center 93 Border St. St. Paul, MN 55144 West Newton, MA 02165-9990

Maxtor also offers a complete video training package, “Care and Handling of Maxtor Disk Drives.” Contact your Maxtor representative for details.

4 – 1

INSTALLATION

Unpacking and InspectionUnpacking and Inspection

Unpacking and Inspection

Unpacking and InspectionUnpacking and Inspection

Retain any packing material for reuse. Inspect the shipping container for evidence of damage in transit. Notify the carrier immediately in case of damage to the shipping container.

As they are removed, inspect drives for evidence of shipping damage or loose hardware. If a drive is damaged (and no container damage is evident), notify Maxtor immediately for drive disposition.

4 – 2

Multi-pack Shipping Container

Figure 4 - 1

INSTALLATION

RepackingRepacking

Repacking

RepackingRepacking

Single Pack Shipping Container (Option A)

Figure 4 - 2

Single Pack Shipping Container (Option B)

Figure 4 - 3

If a Maxtor drive requires return, repack it using Maxtor packing materials, including the antistatic bag.

Physical InstallationPhysical Installation

Physical Installation

Physical InstallationPhysical Installation

Recommended Mounting ConfigurationRecommended Mounting Configuration

Recommended Mounting Configuration

Recommended Mounting ConfigurationRecommended Mounting Configuration

The DiamondMax® drive design allows greater shock tolerance than that afforded by larger, heavier drives. The drive may be mounted in any attitude using four size 6-32 screws with 1/8-inch maximum penetration and a maximum torque of 5-inch pounds. See Figure 3-1 for mounting dimensions. Allow adequate ventilation to the drive to ensure reliable operation. See the following pages for specific installation steps.

4 – 3

INSTALLATION

Before You BeginBefore You Begin

Before You Begin

Before You BeginBefore You Begin

Important – Please ReadImportant – Please Read

Important – Please Read

Important – Please ReadImportant – Please Read

Please read this installation section completely before installing the Maxtor hard drive. It gives general information for installing a Maxtor hard drive in a typical computer system. If you don’t understand the installation steps, have a qualified computer technician install the hard drive.

Back up. Protect your Existing DataBack up. Protect your Existing Data

Back up. Protect your Existing Data

Back up. Protect your Existing DataBack up. Protect your Existing Data

Periodic backup of important data is always a good idea. Whenever your computer is on, there is the potential for losing data on your hard drive. This is especially true when running disk utilities or any software that directly manipulates your files. Maxtor recommends that you make a backup copy of the files on any existing hard drives prior to installing the new drive. If required, this data may then be copied to the Maxtor hard drive after it has been installed in the computer. Refer to your computer user’s manual for detailed data backup instructions.

Tools for InstallationTools for Installation

Tools for Installation

Tools for InstallationTools for Installation

The following tools are needed to install your new Maxtor hard drive:

• A small (#2) Phillips head screw driver

• Small needle-nose pliers or tweezers

• Your computer user’s manuals

• Operating system software

System RequirementsSystem Requirements

System Requirements

System RequirementsSystem Requirements

• IDE/AT interface Maxtor recommends:

• Drives less than or equal to 8.4 GB – 486 DX 66 MHz

• Drives larger than 8.4 GB – Pentium-class processor

Operating System RequirementsOperating System Requirements

Operating System Requirements

Operating System RequirementsOperating System Requirements

• Drives less than or equal to 8.4 GB:

- DOS 5.0 or higher

• Drives larger than 8.4 GB:

- Installing as boot drive (Primary Master) requires full installation set of Windows 95/98 – not an update from DOS or Windows 3.x.

- Installing as non-boot drive (Primary Slave, Secondary Master or Slave) requires Windows 95/98 on the boot drive.

Hook upHook up

Hook up

Hook upHook up

Maxtor recommends that you use the MaxBlast™ Plus software to create a customized installation guide for your system before physically installing your new hard drive. The information created by MaxBlast Plus relates to the following illustrations.

Boot the System with the MaxBlast Plus DisketteBoot the System with the MaxBlast Plus Diskette

Boot the System with the MaxBlast Plus Diskette

Boot the System with the MaxBlast Plus DisketteBoot the System with the MaxBlast Plus Diskette

Before physically installing the Maxtor hard drive, boot your system with the MaxBlast Plus diskette. It will assist you with the instructions in this section for a successful installation.

Configure the Drive JumpersConfigure the Drive Jumpers

Configure the Drive Jumpers

Configure the Drive JumpersConfigure the Drive Jumpers

The jumper configurations have three valid jumper settings – Master, Slave and Cable Select. Maxtor hard drives are always shipped with the Master jumper setting enabled.

Install the 5.25-inch Mounting BracketsInstall the 5.25-inch Mounting Brackets

Install the 5.25-inch Mounting Brackets

Install the 5.25-inch Mounting BracketsInstall the 5.25-inch Mounting Brackets

If the Maxtor hard drive will be mounted in a 5.25-inch device bay, you will need to attach 5.25-inch brackets to the hard drive. These brackets are not required if the drive is mounted in a 3.5-inch device bay.

4 – 4

Install the Hard Drive in a Device BayInstall the Hard Drive in a Device Bay

Install the Hard Drive in a Device Bay

Install the Hard Drive in a Device BayInstall the Hard Drive in a Device Bay

Refer to your computer user’s manual for specific mounting information. Be sure to secure the drive to the device bay with all four screws.

Attach the Interface and Power CablesAttach the Interface and Power Cables

Attach the Interface and Power Cables

Attach the Interface and Power CablesAttach the Interface and Power Cables

Do not force or rock the connectors into their sockets on the hard drive. Push them in straight until they are seated.

Note: DiamondMax Hard Drive Kits that carry a “U” in the kit number are UltraDMA 66 compatible hard drives. A standard IDE cable can be used for drive installation; however, an UltraDMA cable is required to achieve UltraDMA 66 data transfers in UltraDMA 66 compatible systems. Follow the illustration below for proper cable connections to the system and hard drive(s) when using this cable.

Attach an IDE interface connector to J1 on the Maxtor drive. Attach a power connector to J2 on the Maxtor drive. This connector is keyed and will only fit one way. Check all other cable connections before you power up. Striped/colored edge is pin 1

After attaching the IDE interface cable and the power cable to the Maxtor hard drive, verify that all other cables connected to other devices, the mother board or interface card(s) are correctly seated.

INSTALLATION

Striped/colored edge is pin

Start upStart up

Start up

Start upStart up

Turn your system ON. During the system start up sequence, run the SETUP (BIOS) program. Newer systems usually display a message like “press DEL to enter Setup,” showing how to access the SETUP (BIOS) program.

Choose the device position where the Maxtor hard drive will be installed (Primary Master, Primary Slave, Secondary Master, Secondary Slave or their equivalents) and select the “Auto Detect” option. Save and exit the BIOS. The system will now boot. Boot to the MaxBlast™ Plus diskette.

Set upSet up

Set up

Set upSet up

MaxBlast™ Plus will guide you through the steps to prepare (partition and format) your new Maxtor hard drive. Once you have completed this step, your new Maxtor hard drive will be ready to use.

Note: Do not discard the MaxBlast Plus diskette once the installation is complete. The diskette contains Maxdiag, a diagnostic utility that is a separate program from the MaxBlast™ Plus installation software.

4 – 5

AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

SECTION 5

T Interface DescriptionT Interface Description

T Interface Description

T Interface DescriptionT Interface Description

Interface ConnectorInterface Connector

Interface Connector

Interface ConnectorInterface Connector

All DiamondMax® Plus 40 AT drives have a 40-pin ATA interface connector mounted on the PCBA. The drive may connect directly to the host; or it can also accommodate a cable connection (maximum cable length: 18 inches).

Striped Edge (Pin 1)

Drive 1 - Slave (gray)

System Connector (blue) Drive 0 - Master (black)

Figure 5-1

Data Connector

Pin Description SummaryPin Description Summary

Pin Description Summary

Pin Description SummaryPin Description Summary

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5 – 1

AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

Pin Description TablePin Description Table

Pin Description Table

Pin Description TablePin Description Table

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5 – 2

AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

PIO TimingPIO Timing

PIO Timing

PIO TimingPIO Timing

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PIO Data Transfer To/From Device

5 – 3

AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

DMA TimingDMA Timing

DMA Timing

DMA TimingDMA Timing

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5 – 4

Multi-word DMA Data Transfer

Figure 5 - 3

Ultra DMA TimingUltra DMA Timing

Ultra DMA Timing

Ultra DMA TimingUltra DMA Timing

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050302ANAN

5707060606

061521001001001

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YDROIgnivirderofebtiawllahsecivedemitmuminiM 00000

fonoitagendnanoitressaerofebsemitdlohdnaputeS

gnippotssirednes

ehtnehwnoitressaPOTSotegdeEBORTSmorfemiT

0202020202

0505050505

AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

DMARQ

(device)

DMACK-

(host)

STOP (host)

HDMARDY-

(host)

DSTROBE

(device)

DD(15:0)

DA0, DA1, DA2,

CS0-, CS1-

ACK

ZIORDY

ACK

ENV

Figure 5 - 4

Initiating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst

ZAD

VDS

DVH

5 – 5

AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

DSTROBE

at device

DD(15:0)

at device

DSTROBE

at host

2CYC

CYC

DVH

DVS

DVH

CYC

DVS

DVH

2CYC

DD(15:0)

at host

DMARQ

(device)

DMACK-

HDMARDY-

DSTROBE

DD(15:0)

(host)

STOP (host)

(host)

(device)

Figure 5 - 5

Sustained Ultra DMA Data In Burst

RFS

5 – 6

Host Pausing an Ultra DMA Data In Burst

Figure 5 - 6

DMARQ

(

)

(

)

(

)

device

DMACK-

(host)

STOP

(host)

HDMARDY-

(host)

DSTROBE

device

DD(15:0)

DA0, DA1, DA2,

CS0-, CS1-

AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

MLI

ACK

DVH

IORDYZ

ZAH

DVS

CRC

ACK

DMARQ (device)

DMACK-

(host)

STOP

host

HDMARDY-

(host)

DSTROBE

(device)

DD(15:0)

Device Terminating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst

Figure 5 - 7

RFS

ZAH

MLI

ACK

DVS

MLI

IORDYZ

DVH

CRC

DA0, DA1, DA2,

CS0-, CS1-

Host Terminating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst

Figure 5 - 8

ACK

5 – 7

AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

(

)

DMARQ

(device)

DMACK-

host

STOP

(host)

DDMARDY-

(device)

HSTROBE

(host)

DD(15:0)

(host)

DA0, DA1, DA2,

CS0-, CS1-

HSTROBE

at host

DD(15:0)

at host

DVH

ACK

ZIORDY

ACK

ENV

Figure 5 - 9

Initiating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst

2CYC

CYC

DVS

DVH

CYC

DVS

DVH

2CYC

DVH

HSTROBE

at device

DD(15:0) at device

5 – 8

Figure 5 - 10

Sustained Ultra DMA Data Out Burst

DMARQ

(device)

DMACK-

(host)

STOP (host)

DDMARDY-

(device)

HSTROBE

(host)

DD(15:0)

(host)

AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

RFS

DMARQ (device)

DMACK-

(host)

STOP (host)

DDMARDY-

(device)

HSTROBE

(host)

DD(15:0)

(host)

DA0, DA1, DA2,

CS0-, CS1-

Device Pausing an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst

Figure 5 - 11

MLI

DVS

CRC

ACK

IORDYZ

DVH

Host Terminating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst

Figure 5 - 12

5 – 9

AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

(

)

(

)

DMARQ (device)

DMACK-

(host)

STOP

host

DDMARDY-

device

HSTROBE

(host)

DD(15:0)

(host)

DA0, DA1, DA2,

CS0-

CS1-

MLI

RFS

Figure 5 - 13

Device Terminating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst

DVS

CRC

ACK

IORDYZ

ACK

DVH

ACK

5 – 10

HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE

SECTION 6

Host Software InterfaceHost Software Interface

Host Software Interface

Host Software InterfaceHost Software Interface

The host communicates with the drive through a set of controller registers accessed via the host’s I/O ports. These registers divide into two groups: the Task File, used for passing commands and command parameters and the Control/Diagnostic registers.

Task File RegistersTask File Registers

Task File Registers

Task File RegistersTask File Registers

The Task File consists of eight registers used to control fixed disk operations. The host accesses each register by the I/O port address shown in this Task File register map:

TROPO/IDAERETIRW

h0F1retsigeRataDretsigeRataD h1F1retsigeRrorrEretsigeRserutaeF h2F1tnuoCrotceStnuoCrotceS h3F1rebmuNrotceSrebmuNrotceS h4F1woLrednilyCwoLrednilyC h5F1hgiHrednilyChgiHrednilyC h6F1)HDS(daeH/evirD)HDS(daeH/evirD h7F1retsigeRsutatSretsigeRdnammoC

Data RegisterData Register

Data Register

Data RegisterData Register

Provides access to the drive’s sector buffer for read and write operations. With the exception of ECC byte transfers (which, during Read long and Write long commands, are 8 bits wide), data transfers through the Data register are all 16 bits wide.

Error RegisterError Register

Error Register

Error RegisterError Register

A read-only register containing specific information regarding the previous command. Data interpretation differs depending on whether the controller is in operational or diagnostic mode. A power up, reset, software reset, or receipt of a diagnostic command sets the controller into diagnostic mode. This mode invalidates contents of the Status register. The contents of the Error register reflect a completion code.

Issuing any command (apart from a Diagnostic command) places the controller into operational mode. In operational mode, the Error register is valid only when the Error bit in the Status register is set. The bit definitions for operational mode follow:

765432 10

0CCE0 FNDI0TRBA0KTFNMA

ecafretnI

CRC

ataD

rorrECCE

toN

desU

dnuoFtoN

toN

desU

detrobA

dnammoC

0kcarT

rorrE

sserddA

toNkraM

dnuoF

Interface CRC – An interface CRC error occurred during an Ultra DMA transfer.

Data ECC Error – An non-correctable ECC error occurred during a Read Sector command.

Firmware Problem – Indicates a firmware problem was detected, (e.g., invalid interrupt, divide overflow).

ID Not Found – Either a matching ID field not found, or a CRC error occurred.

Aborted Command – Invalid commands, write fault, no seek complete, or drive not ready.

Track 0 Error – Track 0 was not found during execution of a Restore command.

Address Mark Not Found – The Address Mark could not be found after an ID match.

Features RegisterFeatures Register

Features Register

Features RegisterFeatures Register

Enables or disables features through the Set Features command.

6 – 1

HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE

Sector Count RegisterSector Count Register

Sector Count Register

Sector Count RegisterSector Count Register

Holds the number of sectors to be sent during a Read or Write command, and the number of sectors per track during a Format command. A value of zero in this register implies a transfer of 256 sectors. A multisector operation decrements the Sector Count register. If an error occurs during such an operation, this register contains the remaining number of sectors to be transferred.

Sector Number RegisterSector Number Register

Sector Number Register

Sector Number RegisterSector Number Register

Holds the starting sector number for any disk operation. The register is updated as each sector is processed in a multi-sector operation.

Cylinder Number RegistersCylinder Number Registers

Cylinder Number Registers

Cylinder Number RegistersCylinder Number Registers

Two 8-bit Cylinder Number registers (Low and High) specify the starting cylinder for disk operation.

Device/Head RegisterDevice/Head Register

Device/Head Register

Device/Head RegisterDevice/Head Register

Used to specify the drive and head number to be operated on during any disk operations. Within the context of a Set Parameters command, this register specifies the maximum number of heads on the drive. Bit definitions follow:

765432 10

1ABL1VRD3SH2SH1SH0SH

edoM

evirD

tceleStceleS

daeH

tceleS

daeH

tceleS

daeH

tceleS

Select LBA Mode

the Task File register contents are defined as follows for the Read/Write and translate command:

– Enabling this bit for commands not supported by LBA mode will abort the selected command. When set,

STNETNOCSTIBABL

rebmuNrotceS7-0

woLrednilyC51-8

hgiHrednilyC32-61

daeH/evirD72-42

Drive Select – Set to 0 to select the master drive; set to 1 to select the slave drive.

Head Select – Specifies the binary coded address of the head to be selected.

Status RegisterStatus Register

Status Register

Status RegisterStatus Register

Contains results of the last command executed, and the drive’s status. The other seven Task File registers may be read only when bit 7 (BUSY) of the Status register is low. Reading any of the Task File registers when BUSY is high returns the value of the Status register. Reading the Status register also clears any interrupt request to the host. Bit definitions follow:

7654 3210

YSUBYDRDFDCSDQRD00 RRE

rellortnoC

ysuB

eciveD

ydaeR

eciveD

tluaF

keeSeciveD

etelpmoC

ataD

tseuqeR

rorrE

Controller Busy – Goes active when a command is written to the Command register, indicating controller task execution. After a command, this bit resets.

Device Ready – Indicates that the drive is ready for commands. If drive ready is not present, all commands abort.

Device Fault – Indicates the drive’s detection of a write fault condition, causing all commands to abort.

Device Seek Complete – Signifies a seek completion, and that the drive is on track.

Data Request – Indicates that the drive’s sector buffer is ready for data transfer.

Error – The Error bit sets when the previous command has completed with a non-recoverable error.

6 – 2

HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE

Command RegisterCommand Register

Command Register

Command RegisterCommand Register

Contains code for the command to be performed. Additional command information should be written to the task file before the Command register is loaded. When this register is written, the BUSY bit in the Status register sets, and interrupt request to the host clears; invalid commands abort. (Detailed information on interface commands is given in Section 7.) Hex values for valid command formats follow:

Read CommandsRead Commands

Read Commands

Read CommandsRead Commands

Read Sector(s) 20h Normal reads; retries enabled

21h Normal reads; retries disabled 22h Read Long; retries enabled 23h Read Long; retries disabled

Read Verify Sector(s) 40h Retries enabled

41h Retries disabled Read Sector Buffer E4h Read Multiple C4h Read DMA C8h

C9h No retries

Write CommandsWrite Commands

Write Commands

Write CommandsWrite Commands

Write Sector(s) 30h Normal writes; retries enabled

31h Normal writes; retries disabled

32h Write Long; retries enabled

33h Write Long; retries disabled Write Verify Sector(s) 3Ch Write Sector Buffer E8h Write Multiple C5h Write DMA CAh

CBh No retries

Mode Set/Check CommandsMode Set/Check Commands

Mode Set/Check Commands

Mode Set/Check CommandsMode Set/Check Commands

Set Features EFh Set Multiple Mode C6h

Power Mode CommandsPower Mode Commands

Power Mode Commands

Power Mode CommandsPower Mode Commands

Standby Immediate 94/E0h Stops drive spindle; do not change time-out value Idle Immediate 95/E1h Starts spindle; do not change time-out value Standby 96/E2h Stops spindle; change time-out value Idle 97/E3h Starts spindle; change time-out value Check Power Mode 98/E5h Set Sleep Mode 99/E6h

Initialization CommandsInitialization Commands

Initialization Commands

Initialization CommandsInitialization Commands

Identify Drive ECh Initialize Drive Parameters 91h Re-calibrate 1xh

Seek, Format, and Diagnostic CommandsSeek, Format, and Diagnostic Commands

Seek, Format, and Diagnostic Commands

Seek, Format, and Diagnostic CommandsSeek, Format, and Diagnostic Commands

Seek 7xh Format Track 50h Execute Drive Diagnostic 90h

S.M.A.R.T. CommandsS.M.A.R.T. Commands

S.M.A.R.T. Commands

S.M.A.R.T. CommandsS.M.A.R.T. Commands

Execute S.M.A.R.T. B0h

6 – 3

HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE

SummarySummary

Summary

SummarySummary

etarbilaceR 0001xxxx NNNN D

)s(rotceSdaeR 001000Lx NYYY Y

AMDdaeR 1100 100x NYYY Y

AMDetirW 1100101x NYYY Y

kcarTtamroF 010 10000 NNNY Y

keeS 0111xxxx NNYY Y

evirDyfitnedI 11 10 1 1 0 0 NNNN D

serutaeFteS 1110 1111 YNNN D

elpitluMdaeR 11000 100 NYYY Y

elpitluMetirW 11000101 NYYY Y

DESUSRETEMARAPEDOCDNAMMOCEMANDNAMMOC

7b6b5b4b3b2b1b0bFCSNSC HDS

)s(rotceSetirW 00 1100Lx NYYY Y

)s(rotceSyfireVetirW 00111100 NYYY Y

)s(rotceSyfireVdaeR 0100000x NYYY Y

citsongaiDetucexE 100 10000 NNNN D

sretemaraPezilaitinI 100 10001 NYNN Y

reffuBrotceSdaeR 11 10 0 1 0 0 NNNN D

reffuBrotceSetirW 11 10 1 0 0 0 NNNN D

edoMelpitluMteS 11000110 NYNN D

EULAVREMITDOIREPTUO-EMIT

0delbasidtuo-emiT

042-1sdnoces)5*eulav(

152-142setunim)03*)042-eulav(( 252setunim12 352sruoh01=doirepeuqinurodneV 452devreseR 552sdnoces51,setunim12

6 – 4

HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE

Control Diagnostic RegistersControl Diagnostic Registers

Control Diagnostic Registers

Control Diagnostic RegistersControl Diagnostic Registers

These I/O port addresses reference three Control/Diagnostic registers:

TROPO/IDAERETIRW

h6F3sutatSetanretlAlortnoCksiDdexiF

h7F3tupnIlatigiDdesutoN

Alternate Status RegisterAlternate Status Register

Alternate Status Register

Alternate Status RegisterAlternate Status Register

Contains the same information as the Status register in the Task File. However, this register may be read at any time without clearing a pending interrupt.

Device Control RegisterDevice Control Register

Device Control Register

Device Control RegisterDevice Control Register

Contains the software Reset and Enable bit to enable interrupt requests to the host. Bit definitions follow:

765432 10

00000 TSRSNEI0

teseRelbanEQRI

Reset – Setting the software Reset bit holds the drive in the reset state. Clearing the bit re-enables the drive. The software Reset bit must be held active for a minimum of 5 µsec.

IRQ Enable – Setting the Interrupt Request Enable to 0 enables the IRQ 14 signal to the host. When this

bit is set to 1, IRQ14 is tri-stated, and interrupts to the host are disabled. Any pending interrupt occurs when

the bit is set to 0. The default state of this bit after power up is 0 (interrupt enabled).

Digital Input RegisterDigital Input Register

Digital Input Register

Digital Input RegisterDigital Input Register

Contains information about the state of the drive. Bit definitions follow:

765432 10

xGW-3SH-2SH-1SH-0SH-1SD-0SD

devreseR

etaG

daeH

3tceleS

daeH

2tceleS

daeH

1tceleS

daeH

0tceleS

evirD

1tceleS

evirD

0tceleS

Bit 7 of the host data bus is not driven when this register is read.

-Write Gate – Reflects the state of the active low write gate signal on the drive.

-Head Select 3 through -Head Select 0 – Represents the ones complement of the currently selected head number.

-Drive Select 1 – Is 0 if drive 1 selected; 1 otherwise.

-Drive Select 0 – Is 0 if drive 0 selected; 1 otherwise.

6 – 5

HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE

Reset and Interrupt HandlingReset and Interrupt Handling

Reset and Interrupt Handling

Reset and Interrupt HandlingReset and Interrupt Handling

Reset HandlingReset Handling

Reset Handling

Reset HandlingReset Handling

One of three different conditions may cause a reset: power on, hardware reset or software reset. All three cause the interface processor to initialize itself and the Task File registers of the interface. A reset also causes a set of the Busy bit in the Status register. The Busy bit does not clear until the reset clears and the drive completes initialization. Completion of a reset operation does not generate a host interrupt.

Task File registers are initialized as follows:

Error 1

Sector Count 1

Sector Number 1

Cylinder Low 0

Cylinder High 0

Drive/Head 0

Interrupt HandlingInterrupt Handling

Interrupt Handling

Interrupt HandlingInterrupt Handling

The drive requests data transfers to and from the host by asserting its IRQ 14 signal. This signal interrupts the host if enabled by bit 1 (IRQ enable) of the Fixed Disk Control register.

Clear this interrupt by reading the Status register, writing the Command register, or by executing a host hardware or software reset.

6 – 6

Interface CommandsInterface Commands

Interface Commands

Interface CommandsInterface Commands

The following section describes the commands (and any parameters necessary to execute them), as well as Status and Error register bits affected.

Read CommandsRead Commands

Read Commands

Read CommandsRead Commands

Read Sector(s) Read Verify Sector(s) Read Sector Buffer Read DMA

Multi-word DMA

Ultra DMA Read Multiple Set Multiple

Write CommandsWrite Commands

Write Commands

Write CommandsWrite Commands

Write Sector(s) Write Verify Sector(s) Write Sector Buffer Write DMA

Multi-word DMA

Ultra DMA Write Multiple

INTERFACE COMMANDS

SECTION 7

Set Feature CommandsSet Feature Commands

Set Feature Commands

Set Feature CommandsSet Feature Commands

Set Features Mode

Power Mode CommandsPower Mode Commands

Power Mode Commands

Power Mode CommandsPower Mode Commands

Standby Immediate Idle Immediate Standby Idle Check Power Mode Set Sleep Mode Default Power-on Condition

Initialization CommandsInitialization Commands

Initialization Commands

Initialization CommandsInitialization Commands

Identify Drive Initialize Drive Parameters

7 – 1

INTERFACE COMMANDS

Read CommandsRead Commands

Read Commands

Read CommandsRead Commands

Read Sector(s)Read Sector(s)

Read Sector(s)

Read Sector(s)Read Sector(s)

Reads from 1 to 256 sectors, as specified in the Command Block, beginning at the specified sector. (A sector count of 0 requests 256 sectors.) Immediately after the Command register is written, the drive sets the BSY bit and begins execution of the command. If the drive is not already on the desired track, an implied seek is performed.

Once at the desired track, the drive searches for the data address mark of the requested sector. The data address mark must be recognized within a specified number of bytes, or the Data Address Mark Not Found error will be reported. Assuming the data address mark is found:

1. The data field is read into the sector buffer.

2. Error bits are set (if an error was encountered).

3. The DRQ bit is set.

4. An interrupt is generated.

The DRQ bit is always set, regardless of the presence or absence of an error condition after the sector. Upon command completion, the Command Block registers contain the numbers of the cylinder, head and sector of the last sector read. Back-to-back sector read commands set DRQ and generate an interrupt when the sector buffer is filled at the completion of each sector. The drive is then ready for the data to be read by the host. DRQ is reset and BSY is set immediately when the host empties the sector buffer.

If an error occurs during Read Sector commands, the read terminates at the sector where the error occurred. The host may then read the Command Block to determine the nature of that error, and the sector where it happened. If the error type is a correctable or an non-correctable data error, the flawed data is loaded into the sector buffer.

A Read Long command sets the Long bit in the command code and returns the data and the ECC bytes in the data field of the specified sector. During a Read Long, the drive does not check the ECC bytes to determine if there has been a data error. The Read Long command is limited to single sector requests.

Read Verify Sector(s)Read Verify Sector(s)

Read Verify Sector(s)

Read Verify Sector(s)Read Verify Sector(s)

Identical to the Read Sector(s) command, except that:

1. DRQ is never set,

2. No data is transferred back to the host and

3. The long bit is not valid.

7 – 2

INTERFACE COMMANDS

Read DMARead DMA

Read DMA

Read DMARead DMA

Multi-word DMA

Identical to the Read Sector(s) command, except that

1. The host initializes a slave-DMA channel prior to issuing the command,

2. Data transfers are qualified by DMARQ and are performed by the slave-DMA channel and

3. The drive issues only one interrupt per command to indicate that data transfer has terminated and status is available.

Ultra DMA

With the Ultra DMA Read protocol, the control signal (DSTROBE) that latches data from DD(15:0) is generated by the devices which drives the data onto the bus. Ownership of DD(15:0) and this data strobe signal are given DSTROBE to the drive during an Ultra DMA data in burst.

During an Ultra DMA Read burst, the drive always moves data onto the bus, and, after a sufficient time to allow for propagation delay, cable settling, and setup time, the sender shall generate a DSTROBE edge to latch the data. Both edges of DSTROBE are used for data transfers.

Any unrecoverable error encountered during execution of a Read DMA command terminates data transfer after the transfer of all sectors prior to the sector where the error was detected. The sector in error is not transferred. The drive generates an interrupt to indicate that data transfer has terminated and status is available. The error posting is identical to the Read Sector(s) command.

Read MultipleRead Multiple

Read Multiple

Read MultipleRead Multiple

Performs similarly to the Read Sector(s) command, except that for each READ MULTIPLE command data transfers are multiple sector blocks and the Long bit is not valid.

Execution is also similar to that of the READ SECTOR(S) command, except that:

1. Several sectors are transferred to the host as a block, without intervening interrupts.

2. DRQ qualification of the transfer is required only at the start of each block, not of each sector.

The block count consists of the number of sectors to be transferred as a block. (The block count is programmed by the Set Multiple Mode command, which must be executed prior to the Read Multiple command.) READ LONG command is limited to single sector requests.

When the Read Multiple command is issued, the Sector Count register contains the number of sectors requested — not the number of blocks or the block count. If the number of sectors is not evenly divisible by the block count, as many full blocks as possible are transferred, followed by a final, partial block transfer. This final, partial block transfer is for N sectors, where N = (sector count) modulo (block count)

The Read Multiple operation will be rejected with an Aborted Command error if attempted:

1. Before the Set Multiple Mode command has been executed, or

2. When Read Multiple commands are disabled.

The controller reports disk errors encountered during Read Multiple commands at the start of the block or partial block transfer. However, DRQ still sets, and the transfer occurs normally, along with the transfer of any corrupt data. Remaining block data from the following the sector in error is not valid.

If the Sector Count register contains 0 when the Set Multiple Mode command is issued, Read Multiple and Write Multiple commands are disabled; no error is returned. Once the appropriate action has been taken, the controller resets BSY and generates an interrupt. At power up, or after a hardware or software reset, Read Multiple and Write Multiple commands are disabled by default.

7 – 3

INTERFACE COMMANDS

Set Multiple ModeSet Multiple Mode

Set Multiple Mode

Set Multiple ModeSet Multiple Mode

Enables the controller to perform Read and Write Multiple operations, and establishes the block count for these commands. Before issuing this command, the Sector Count register should be loaded with the number of sectors per block. The drives support block sizes of 2, 4, 8 and 16 sectors.

When this command is received, the controller sets BSY and examines the Sector Count register contents. If they contain a valid and supported block count value, that value is loaded for all subsequent Read and Write Multiple commands, and execution of those commands is enabled. An invalid and unsupported block count in the register results in an Aborted Command error and disallows Read Multiple and Write Multiple commands.

Write CommandsWrite Commands

Write Commands

Write CommandsWrite Commands

Write Sector(s)Write Sector(s)

Write Sector(s)

Write Sector(s)Write Sector(s)

Writes from 1 to 256 sectors, beginning at a sector specified in the Command Block. (A sector count of 0 requests 256 sectors.)

When the Command register is written, the drive sets the DRQ bit and waits for the host to fill the sector buffer with the data to be written. An interrupt is not generated to start the first buffer fill operation.

Once the buffer is full, the drive resets DRQ, sets BSY, and begins command execution. If the drive is not already on the desired track, an implied seek is performed.

The data loaded in the buffer is written to the data field of the sector, followed by the ECC bytes. Upon command completion, the Command Block registers contain the cylinder, head and sector number of the last sector written. The next time the buffer is ready to be filled during back-to-back Write Sector commands, DRQ is set and an interrupt is generated.

After the host fills the buffer, DRQ is reset and BSY is set. If an error occurs, Write Sector operations terminate at the sector containing the error.

The Command Block registers then contain the numbers of the cylinder, head and sector where the error occurred. The host may read the Command Block to determine the nature of that error, and on which sector it happened. A Write Long may be executed by setting the Long bit in the command code. The Write Long command writes the data and the ECC bytes directly from the sector buffer; the drive itself does not generate the ECC bytes. Restrict Write Long commands to PIO Mode 0.

Write Verify Sector(s)Write Verify Sector(s)

Write Verify Sector(s)

Write Verify Sector(s)Write Verify Sector(s)

Identical to the Write Sector(s) command, except that the requested sectors are verified immediately after being written. The verify operation reads (without transferring), and checks for data errors. Any errors encountered during this operation are reported.

Write Sector BufferWrite Sector Buffer

Write Sector Buffer

Write Sector BufferWrite Sector Buffer

Allows the host to overwrite the contents of the drive’s sector buffer with a selected data pattern. When this command is received, the drive:

1. Sets BSY,

2. Sets up the sector buffer for a write operation,

3. Sets DRQ,

4. Resets BSY and

5. Generates an interrupt.

The host may then write up to 256 words of data to the buffer. A disk write task begins to store the host data to disk. Host write commands continue to be accepted and data transferred to the buffer until either the write command stack is full or the data buffer is full. The drive may reorder write commands to optimize drive throughput.

7 – 4

INTERFACE COMMANDS

Write MultipleWrite Multiple

Write Multiple

Write MultipleWrite Multiple

Performs similarly to the Write Sector(s) command, except that:

1. The controller sets BSY immediately upon receipt of the command,

2. Data transfers are multiple sector blocks and

3. The Long bit and Retry bit is not valid.

Command execution differs from Write Sector(s) because:

1. Several sectors transfer to the host as a block without intervening interrupts.

2. DRQ qualification of the transfer is required at the start of the block, not on each sector.

The block count consists of the number of sectors to be transferred as a block and is programmed by the Set Multiple Mode command, which must be executed prior to the Write Multiple command. When the Write Multiple command is issued, the Sector Count register contains the number of sectors requested — not the number of blocks or the block count.

If the number of sectors is not evenly divisible by the block count, as many full blocks as possible are transferred, followed by a final, partial block transfer. This final, partial block transfer is for N sectors, where N = (sector count) modulo (block count)

The Write Multiple operation will be rejected with an Aborted Command error if attempted:

1. Before the Set Multiple Mode command has been executed, or

2. When Write Multiple commands are disabled.

All disk errors encountered during Write Multiple commands report after the attempted disk write of the block or partial block in which the error occurred.

The write operation ends with the sector in error, even if it was in the middle of a block. When an error occurs, subsequent blocks are not transferred. When DRQ is set at the beginning of each full and partial block, interrupts are generated.

Write DMAWrite DMA

Write DMA

Write DMAWrite DMA

Multi-word DMA

Identical to the Write Sector(s) command, except that:

1. The host initializes a slave-DMA channel prior to issuing the command,

2. Data transfers are qualified by DMARQ and are performed by the slave-DMA channel and

3. The drive issues only one interrupt per command to indicate that data transfer has terminated at status is available.

Ultra DMA

With the Ultra DMA Write protocol, the control signal (HSTROBE) that latches data from DD(15:0) is generated by the devices which drives the data onto the bus. Ownership of DD(15:0) and this data strobe signal are given to the host for an Ultra DMA data out burst.

During an Ultra DMA Write burst, the host always moves data onto the bus, and, after a sufficient time to allow for propagation delay, cable settling, and setup time, the sender shall generate a HSTROBE edge to latch the data. Both edges of HSTROBE are used for data transfers.

Any error encountered during Write DMA execution results in the termination of data transfer. The drive issues an interrupt to indicate that data transfer has terminated and status is available in the error register. The error posting is the same as that of the Write Sector(s) command.

7 – 5

INTERFACE COMMANDS

Set Feature CommandsSet Feature Commands

Set Feature Commands

Set Feature CommandsSet Feature Commands

Set Features ModeSet Features Mode

Set Features Mode

Set Features ModeSet Features Mode

Enables or disables features supported by the drive. When the drive receives this command it:

1. Sets BSY,

2. Checks the contents of the Features register,

3. Clears BSY and

4. Generates an interrupt.

If the value of the register is not a feature supported by the drive, the command is aborted. The acceptable values in the Features register are defined as follows:

*h20ehcacetirwdelbanE

h30retsigertnuoCrotceSnieulavnodesabedomrefsnartteS

h44 ehtnideificepssdnammocgnoLetirW/gnoLdaeRnodedneppaatadfohtgneL

h55erutaefdaeha-kooldaerelbasiD

*h66stluafedno-rewopotgnitreverelbasiD

h28ehcacetirwelbasiD

*hAAerutaefdaeha-kooldaerelbanE

*hBB sdnammocgnoLetirW/gnoLdaeRnodedneppaatadcificepsrotxaMfosetyb4

hCCstluafedno-rewopotgnitreverelbanE

*.tluafedybpurewoptadelbanE

EULAVNOITPIRCSED

noitamrofnieciveDyfitnedI

7 – 6

INTERFACE COMMANDS

Power Mode CommandsPower Mode Commands

Power Mode Commands

Power Mode CommandsPower Mode Commands

Standby Immediate – 94h/E0hStandby Immediate – 94h/E0h

Standby Immediate – 94h/E0h

Standby Immediate – 94h/E0hStandby Immediate – 94h/E0h

Spin down and do not change time out value. This command will spin the drive down and cause the drive to enter the STANDBY MODE immediately. If the drive is already spun down, the spin down sequence is not executed.

Idle Immediate – 95h/E1hIdle Immediate – 95h/E1h

Idle Immediate – 95h/E1h

Idle Immediate – 95h/E1hIdle Immediate – 95h/E1h

Spin up and do not change time out value. This command will spin up the spin motor if the drive is spun down, and cause the drive to enter the IDLE MODE immediately. If the drive is already spinning, the spin up sequence is not executed. The actuator is parked and some circuits are powered off.

Standby – 96h/E2hStandby – 96h/E2h

Standby – 96h/E2h

Standby – 96h/E2hStandby – 96h/E2h

Spin down and change time out value. This command will spin the drive down and cause the drive to enter the STANDBY MODE immediately. If the drive is already spun down, the spin down sequence is not executed. A non-zero value placed in the sector count register will enable the Automatic Power Down sequence. The timer will begin counting down when the drive returns to the IDLE MODE. A value of zero placed in the sector count register will disable the Automatic Power Down sequence.

Idle – 97h/E3hIdle – 97h/E3h

Idle – 97h/E3h

Idle – 97h/E3hIdle – 97h/E3h

Spin up and change time out value. This command will spin-up the spin motor if the drive is spun-down. If the drive is already spinning, the spin up sequence is not executed. A non-zero value placed in the Sector Count register will enable the Automatic Power Down sequence and their timer will begin counting down immediately. A value of zero placed in the Sector Count register will disable the Automatic Power Down sequence. The actuator is parked and some circuits are powered off.

Check Power Mode – 98h/E5hCheck Power Mode – 98h/E5h

Check Power Mode – 98h/E5h

Check Power Mode – 98h/E5hCheck Power Mode – 98h/E5h

This command returns a code in the Sector Count register that determines the current Power Mode status of the drive. If the drive is in, going to, or recovering from the STANDBY MODE the drive sets the Sector Count register to OOh. If the drive is in the IDLE MODE or ACTIVE MODE, the drive sets the Sector Count register to FFh.

Set Sleep Mode – 99h/E6hSet Sleep Mode – 99h/E6h

Set Sleep Mode – 99h/E6h

Set Sleep Mode – 99h/E6hSet Sleep Mode – 99h/E6h

This command will spin the drive down and cause the drive to enter the SLEEP MODE immediately. If the drive is already spun down, the spin down sequence is not executed.

Note: The only way to recover from SLEEP MODE is with a software reset or a hardware reset.

Default Power-on ConditionDefault Power-on Condition

Default Power-on Condition

Default Power-on ConditionDefault Power-on Condition

The drive’s default power on condition is the ACTIVE MODE.

Upon receiving a Power Mode command, except the SLEEP MODE command, the drive sets BSY and performs the requested power operation. Once the requested Power Mode change has begun, the drive resets BSY and generates an interrupt - without waiting for the drive to spin up or spin down. Upon receiving a SLEEP MODE command the drive is spun down, and when it is stopped, the drive resets BSY and generates an interrupt.

7 – 7

INTERFACE COMMANDS

When enabling the Automatic Power Down sequence, the value placed in the Sector Count register is multiplied by five seconds to obtain the Time-out Interval value. If no drive commands are received from the host within the Time-out Interval, the drive automatically enters the STANDBY mode. The minimum value is 5 seconds.

While the drive is in STANDBY MODE, any commands received from the host are accepted and executed as they would in normal operation, except that the spin motor is started if required to execute a disk command. Under these conditions, the drive will set BSY when command processing would normally begin and will leave BSY set until the drive comes up to speed and the disk command can be executed. Disk commands issued while the drive is in STANDBY MODE, restarts the Time-out Interval after completing the command. A reset must be issued before attempting to issue any commands while the drive in SLEEP MODE.

EULAVREMITDOIREPTUO-EMIT

0delbasidtuo-emiT

042-1sdnoces)5*eulav(

152-142setunim)03*)042-eulav(( 252setunim12 35201=doirepeuqinurodneV

sruoh 452devreseR 552sdnoces51,setunim12

7 – 8

Initialization CommandsInitialization Commands

Initialization Commands

Initialization CommandsInitialization Commands

Identify DriveIdentify Drive

Identify Drive

Identify DriveIdentify Drive

Allows the host to receive parameter information from the drive. When the command is received, the drive:

1. Sets BSY,

2. Stores the required parameter information in the sector buffer,

3. Sets the DRQ bit and

4. Generates an interrupt.

The host may then read the information out of the sector buffer. Parameter words in the buffer follow. Note that all reserved bits or words should be zeroes.

DROWNOITPIRCSEDTNETNOC

0noitarugifnoclareneG

)IPATA=1,ecivedATA=0(ecived=51

deriter=8-41

ecivedaidemelbavomer=1,7

ecivedro/dnarellortnocelbavomerton=1,6

deriter=3-5

etelpmocniesnopser=2

deriter=1

devreser=0

1srednilyclacigolforebmuN 2devreseR 3sdaehlacigolforebmuN

5-4deriteR

6kcartlacigolrepsrotceslacigolforebmuN

8-7devreseR

9deriteR

91-01)sretcarahcIICSA02(rebmunlairesevirD

02desutoN

12)deificepston=h0000(stnemercnietyb215niezisreffuB

22 sdnammocgnoLetirW/daeRnoelbaliavasetybcificepsrotxaMforebmuN

62-32)sretcarahcIICSA8(noisivererawmriF

64-72)sretcarahcIICSA04(rebmunledoM 74 sdnammocelpitlumetirwdnadaernotpurretnirepderrefsnartebnactahtsrotcesforebmunmumixaM 84devreseR 94seitilibapaC

devreser=41-51

)troppusedomOIPdecnavda(devreser=21

detroppusebyamYDROI=0,detroppusYDROI=1,11

delbasidebnacYDROI=1,01 devreser=8-9 desuton=0-7

INTERFACE COMMANDS

)cificepsrotxaMeraseulav=0,detroppuseradradnatssihtnideificepssaseulav=1(remitybdnats=31

7 – 9

INTERFACE COMMANDS

DROWNOITPIRCSEDTNETNOC

05devreseR

15edomrefsnartatadOIP=8-51

25edomrefsnartatadAMD=8-51

35devreser=51

45srednilyclacigoltnerrucforebmuN 55sdaehlacigoltnerrucforebmuN 65kcartrepsrotceslacigolforebmuN

85-75srotcesniyticapactnerruC

95devreser=9-51

16-06)ylnoedomABL(srotceselbasserddaresuforebmunlatoT 26devreseR 36evitcaedomrefsnartAMDdrow-itluM=8-51

46devreser=8-51

56 )sdnocesonanniemitelcyc=0-51(emitelcycrefsnartAMDdrow-itlummuminiM 66 )sdnocesonanniemitelcyc=0-51(emitelcycrefsnartAMDdrow-itlumdedemmocers'rerutcafunaM 76 )sdnocesonanniemitelcyc=0-51(lortnocwolftuohtiwemitelcycrefsnartOIPmuminiM 86 )sdnocesonanniemitelcyc=0-51(lortnocwolfYDROIhtiwemitelcycrefsnartOIPmuminiM

97-96devreseR

08devreser=6-51

18rebmunnoisrevroniM

28 .detroppustonnoitacifitontesdnammochFFFFroh0000=38dna28sdrowfI.detroppustesdnammoC

desuton=0-7

dilavtonera88sdrownidetroppussdleifeht=0,dilavera88sdrownidetroppussdleifeht=1,2 dilavtonera07-46sdrownistropersdleifeht=0,dilavera07-46sdrownistropersdleifeht=1,1 dilavtonera85-45sdrownistropersdleifeht=0,dilavera85-45sdrownistropersdleifeht=1,0

dilavsignittesrotceselpitlum=1,8

elpitluMetirW/daeRnotpurretnirepderrefsnartrepnactahtsrotcesforebmunrofgnittestnerruc=hxx0-7

dnammoc

detroppussedomrefsnartAMDdrow=itluM=0-7

detroppussedomrefsnartOIPdecnavda=0-7

5-IPATA/ATAstroppus=1,5

4-IPATA/ATAstroppus=1,4 3-ATAstroppus=1,3 2-ATAstroppus=1,2 1-ATAstroppus=1,1

devreser,0

dnammocAMDeciveDyfitnedIehtstroppus=1,51

dnammocPONehtstroppus=1,41

dnammocreffuBetirWehtstroppus=1,31

dnammocreffuBdaeRehtstroppus=1,21

dnammocreffuBdaeRehtstroppus=1,11

teserutaefaerAdetcetorP-tsoHstroppus=1,01

dnammocteseReciveDehtstroppus=1,9 tpuretnIecivreSstroppus=1,8 tpuretnIesaeleRstroppus=1,7

daehAkooLstroppus=1,6

ehcaCetirWstroppus=1,5

teserutaefdnammoctekcaPehtstroppus=1,4

dnammocerutaeftnemeganaMrewoPehtstroppus=1,3

dnammocerutaefelbavomeRehtstroppus=1,2

dnammocerutaefytiruceSehtstroppus=1,1

teserutaefTRAMSehtstroppus=1,0

7 – 10

DROWNOITPIRCSEDTNETNOC

38 tonnoitacifitontesdnammochFFFFroh0000=48dna38,28sdrowfI.detroppusstesdnammoC

48 tesdnammochFFFFroh0000=68dna58,48sdrowfI.detroppussnoisnetxetesdnammoC

58 tonnoitacifitontesdnammochFFFFroh0000=68dna58,48sdrowfI.delbanetesdnammoC

68 tonnoitacifitontesdnammochFFFFroh0000=78dna68,58sdrowfI.delbanestesdnammoC

78 tonnoitacifitontesdnammochFFFFroh0000=78dna68,58sdrowfI.delbanestesdnammoC

88AMDartlU

721devreseR 821sutatSytiruceS

031-921devreseR

131 .delbanesipu-rewoptanipsonnehwdetressasi0tub,pu-rewoptanipS

951-231)desuton(cificeps-rotxaM

552-061devreseR

INTERFACE COMMANDS

.detroppus

orezotderaelcebllahs=51

enoottesebllahs=41

devreser=1-31

dnammocedocorciMdaolnwoDstroppus=1,0

.detroppustonnoitacifiton

orezotderaelcebllahs=51

enoottesebllahs=41

devreser=0-31

.detroppus

delbanednammocAMDeciveDyfitnedI=1,51

delbanednammocPON=1,41

delbanednammocreffuBetirW=1,31

delbanednammocreffuBdaeR=1,21

delbanednammocyfireVetirW=1,11

delbaneteserutaefaerAdetcetorPtsoH=1,01

delbanednammocteseReciveD=1,9 delbanetpurretnIecivreS=1,8 delbanetpurretnIesaeleR=1,7

delbanedaehAkooL=1,6

delbaneehcaCetirW=1,5

delbaneteserutaefdnammoctekcaP=1,4

delbaneteserutaeftnemegnaMrewoP=1,3

delbaneteserutaefelbavomeR=1,2 delbaneteserutaefytiruceS=1,1 delbaneteserutaefTRAMS=1,0

.detroppus

orezotderaelcebllahs=51

enoottesebllahs=41

devreser=1-31

dnammocedocorciMdaolnwoDstroppus=1,0

.detroppus

orezotderaelcebllahs=51

enoottesebllahs=41

devreser=0-31

devreseR31-51

detcelessi4edomAMDartlU=121

detcelestonsi4edomAMDartlU=0

detcelessi3edomAMDartlU=111

detcelestonsi3edomAMDartlU=0

detcelessi2edomAMDartlU=101

detcelestonsi2edomAMDartlU=0

detcelessi1edomAMDartlU=19

detcelestonsi1edomAMDartlU=0

detcelessi0edomAMDartlU=18

detcelestonsi0edomAMDartlU=0

devreseR5-7

detroppuserawolebdna4edomAMDartlU=14 detroppuserawolebdna3edomAMDartlU=13 detroppuserawolebdna2edomAMDartlU=12 detroppuserawolebdna1edomAMDartlU=11

detroppussi0edomAMDartlU=10

devreseR9-51

mumixaM=1,hgiH=0leveLytiruceS8

devreseR5-7

deripxetnuocytiruceS=14 nezorfytiruceS=13 dekcolytiruceS=12

delbaneytiruceS=11

detroppusytiruceS=10

7 – 11

INTERFACE COMMANDS

Initialize Drive ParametersInitialize Drive Parameters

Initialize Drive Parameters

Initialize Drive ParametersInitialize Drive Parameters

Enables the drive to operate as any logical drive type. The drive will always be in the translate mode because of Zone Density Recording, which varies the number of sectors per track depending on the zone. Through setting the Sector Count Register and Drive Head Register, this command lets the host alter the drive's logical configuration. As a result, the drive can operate as any equal to or less than capacity drive type. Do not exceed the total number of sectors available on the drive:

When this command is executed, the drive reads the Sector Counter Register and the Drive Head Register (and so determines the number of the logical sectors per track and maximum logical head number per cylinder and will calculate the number of logical cylinders.)

Upon receipt of the command, the drive:

1. Sets BSY,

2. Saves the parameters,

3. Resets BSY and

4. Generates an interrupt.

To specify maximum heads, write 1 less than the maximum (e.g. write 4 for a 5 head drive). To specify maximum sectors, specify the actual number of sectors (e.g. 17 for a maximum of 17 sectors/track).

The sector count and head values are not checked for validity by this command. If they are invalid, no error will be posted until an illegal access is made by some other command.

Moves the read/write heads from anywhere on the disk to cylinder 0. When this command is received, the drive:

1. Sets BSY and

2. Issues a seek to cylinder zero.

The drive waits for the seek to complete, then the drive:

1. Updates status,

2. Resets BSY and

3. Generates an interrupt.

If the drive cannot reach cylinder 0, the Error bit is set in the Status register, and the Track 0 bit is set in the Error register.

NOTE: If a maximum head and sector number is selected – such that the number of cylinders will exceed 65,535 – then the maximum cylinder value will be reduced to 65, 535.

7 – 12

INTERFACE COMMANDS

Seek, Format and Diagnostic CommandsSeek, Format and Diagnostic Commands

Seek, Format and Diagnostic Commands

Seek, Format and Diagnostic CommandsSeek, Format and Diagnostic Commands

SeekSeek

Seek

SeekSeek

Initiates a seek to the track, and selects the head specified in the Command block.

1. Sets BSY in the Status register,

2. Initiates the Seek,

3. Resets BSY and

4. Generates an interrupt.

The drive does not wait for the seek to complete before returning the interrupt. If a new command is issued to a drive during the execution of a Seek command, the drive will wait (with BSY active) for the Seek to complete before executing the new command.

Format TrackFormat Track

Format Track

Format TrackFormat Track

Formats the track specified in the Command Block. Shortly after the Command register is written, the drive sets the bit, and waits for the host to fill the sector buffer with the interleave table. When the buffer is full, the drive resets DRQ, sets BSY and begins command execution. If the drive is not already on the desired track, an implied seek is performed. Once at the desired track the data fields are written with all zeroes.

Execute Drive DiagnosticExecute Drive Diagnostic

Execute Drive Diagnostic

Execute Drive DiagnosticExecute Drive Diagnostic

Commands the drive to implement the internal diagnostic tests. (These tests are executed only upon command receipt; they do not run automatically at power up or after a reset.)

The drive sets BSY immediately upon receiving this command. The following table presents the codes and their descriptions. Note that the value in the Error register should be viewed as a unique 8 bit Code.

EDOCRORRENOITPIRCSED

10detcetedrorreoN

00deliafevirdretsaM

28,08deliafsevirdevalsdnaretsaM

18deliafevirdevalS

Note: If a slave drive fails diagnostics, the master drive OR’s 80h with its own status, and loads that code into the Error register. If a slave drive passes diagnostics (or a slave is absent), the master drive OR’s 00 with its own status and loads that code into the Error register.

7 – 13

INTERFACE COMMANDS

S.M.A.R.T. Command SetS.M.A.R.T. Command Set

S.M.A.R.T. Command Set

S.M.A.R.T. Command SetS.M.A.R.T. Command Set

Execute S.M.A.R.T.Execute S.M.A.R.T.

Execute S.M.A.R.T.

Execute S.M.A.R.T.Execute S.M.A.R.T.

The Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.) command has been implemented to improve the data integrity and data availability of hard disk drives. In some cases, a S.M.A.R.T. capable device will predict an impending failure with sufficient time to allow users to backup their data and replace the drive before data loss or loss of service.

The S.M.A.R.T. sub-commands (listed below) comprise the ATA S.M.A.R.T. feature set that provide access to S.M.A.R.T. attribute values, attribute thresholds and other logging and reporting information.

Prior to writing a S.M.A.R.T. command to the device’s command register, key values must be written by the host into the device’s Cylinder Low and Cylinder High registers, or the command will be aborted. For any S.M.A.R.T. sub-command, if a device register is not specified as being written with a value by the host, then the value in that register is undefined and will be ignored by the device. The key values are:

Key Register

4Fh Cylinder Low (1F4h) C2h Cylinder High (1F5h)

The S.M.A.R.T. sub-commands use a single command code (B0h) and are differentiated from one another by the value placed in the Features register. In order to issue a command, the host must write the subcommand-specific code to the device’s Features register before writing the command code to the command register. The sub-commands and their respective codes are:

D0h S.M.A.R.T. Read Attribute Value

This feature returns 512 bytes of attribute information to the host.

D1h S.M.A.R.T. Read Attribute Thresholds

This feature returns 512 bytes of warranty failure thresholds to the host.

D2h Enable/Disable Autosave

To enable this feature, set the sector count register to F1h (enable) or 0 (disable). Attribute values are automatically saved to non-volatile storage on the device after five minutes of idle time and before entering idle, sleep or standby modes. This feature is defaulted to “enabled” when S.M.A.R.T. is enabled via the S.M.A.R.T. Enable Operations commands. The autosave feature will not impact host system performance and does not need to be disabled.

D3h S.M.A.R.T. Save Attribute Value

This feature saves the current attribute values to non-volatile storage.

D4h Perform Off-Line Data Collection

Data is collected from random seeks, timed pattern seek times and head margin tests.

D8h Enable S.M.A.R.T.

D9h Disable S.M.A.R.T.

DAh S.M.A.R.T. Return Status

This feature allows the host to assess the status of a S.M.A.R.T. capable device by comparing all saved attribute values with their corresponding warranty failure thresholds. If no thresholds are exceeded, the drive is declared to have a positive health status. If any warranty failure threshold is exceeded, the drive is declared to have a negative health status. Executing this sub-command results in all attribute values being saved to non-volatile storage on the device.

DBh Enable/Disable Automatic Off-Line

To enable this feature, set the Sector Count register to F1h or 0 to disable.

7 – 14

SERVICE AND SUPPORT

SECTION 8

Service and SupportService and Support

Service and Support

Service and SupportService and Support

Service PolicyService Policy

Service Policy

Service PolicyService Policy

If a customer discovers a defect in a DiamondMax® Plus 40 drive, Maxtor will, at its option, repair or replace the disk drive at no charge to the customer, provided it is returned during the warranty period. Drives must be properly packaged in Maxtor packaging or Maxtor-approved packaging to obtain warranty service. Any unauthorized repairs or adjustments to the drive void the warranty.

To consistently provide our customers with the best possible products and services, Maxtor developed the Total Customer Satisfaction (TCS) program. Through the ongoing TCS process, Maxtor employees take direct responsibility for every customer’s level of satisfaction – with Maxtor technology, price, quality, delivery, service and support.

®®

No QuibbleNo Quibble

No Quibble

No QuibbleNo Quibble

Another TCS feature is Maxtor’s No Quibble® Service policy. By minimizing paperwork and processing, No Quibble Service dramatically cuts the turnaround time normally required for repairs and returns.

Here’s how it works:

®®

Service Service

Service

Service Service

1. Customer calls 1-800-2MAXTOR for a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and provides a credit card number,

2. Maxtor ships a replacement drive within 2 business days, and

3. Customer returns the original drive and credit card draft is destroyed.

SupportSupport

Support

SupportSupport

Technical AssistanceTechnical Assistance

Technical Assistance

Technical AssistanceTechnical Assistance

Highly-trained technicians are available 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. (Mountain Standard Time) Monday through Friday to provide detailed technical support.

U.S. and Canada Language support: English, Spanish

Voice 800-2MAXTOR, press 1 (800-262-9867) E-mail Technical_Assistance@maxtor.com Fax 303-678-2260

Outside U.S. and Canada 303-678-2015

Europe Language support: English, French, German

Voice + 353 1 286 62 22 E-mail Eurotech_Assistance@maxtor.com Fax + 353 1 286 45 77

Asia/Pacific

Voice Contact your local Maxtor Sales Office for assistance E-mail Apactech_Assistance@maxtor.com

Language support: English

MaxInfo ServiceMaxInfo Service

MaxInfo Service

MaxInfo ServiceMaxInfo Service

Use a touch-tone phone to listen to technical information about Maxtor products and the top Q&A’s from our 24-hour automated voice system.

U.S. and Canada 800-2MAXTOR (800-262-9867)

Outside U.S. and Canada 303-678-2015, listen for option

Press 1, wait for announcement, listen for option

8 – 1

SERVICE AND SUPPORT

MaxFaxMaxFax

MaxFax

MaxFaxMaxFax

Use a touch-tone phone to order Technical Reference Sheets, Drive Specifications, Installation Sheets and other documents from our 24-hour automated fax retrieval system. Requested items are sent to your fax machine.

U.S. and Canada Language support: English

Outside U.S. and Canada 303-678-2618 Europe Language support: English, French, German

Asia/Pacific Language support: English

InternetInternet

Internet

InternetInternet

Browse the Maxtor home page on Internet, download files from our FTP site.

Home Page http://www.maxtor.com

Customer ServiceCustomer Service

Customer Service

Customer ServiceCustomer Service

All Maxtor products are backed by No Quibble® Service, the benchmark for service and support in the industry. Customer Service is available 5 a.m. to 5 p.m. (Pacific Standard Time) Monday through Friday.

™™

™

™™

Service Service

Service

Service Service

Phone 800-2MAXTOR, listen for option (800-262-9867)

Phone + 353 1 204 11 22

Phone + 61 2 9369 4733

U.S. and Canada Language support: English, Spanish

Voice 800-2MAXTOR, press 2 (800-262-9867) E-mail RMA@maxtor.com Fax 408-922-2085

Europe Language support: English, French, German

Voice + 353 1 286 62 22 E-mail Eurotech_Assistance@maxtor.com Fax + 353 1 286 14 19

Asia/Pacific Call Singapore Customer Service from the countries listed below.

Customer Service is available 8 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.

(Singapore time is GMT +8).

From Dial

Australia 1-800-124-328 Hong Kong +800-96-3387 Indonesia +001-803-65-6500 Japan +0031-65-3616 South Korea +0078-65-800-6500 Malaysia 1-800-1126 New Zealand +0800-44-6542 Singapore 1-800-481-6788 Taiwan +0080-65-1062 Thailand +001-800-65-6500

8 – 2

GlossaryGlossary

Glossary

GlossaryGlossary

ACCESSACCESS

ACCESS

ACCESSACCESS

To obtain data from, or place data into, RAM, a register, or data storage device.

ACCESS TIMEACCESS TIME

ACCESS TIME

ACCESS TIMEACCESS TIME

The interval between the issuing of an access command and the instant that the target data may be read or written. Access time includes seek time, latency and controller overhead time.

ADDRESSADDRESS

ADDRESS

ADDRESSADDRESS

A number, generally binary, distinguishing a specific member of an ordered set of locations. In disk engineering, the address may consist of drives (unit address), radial positions (cylinder address), or circumferential position (sector address).

ALLOCATIONALLOCATION

ALLOCATION

ALLOCATIONALLOCATION

A process of assigning designated areas of the disk to particular files.

ALTERNATE TRACKALTERNATE TRACK

ALTERNATE TRACK

ALTERNATE TRACKALTERNATE TRACK

A spare track used in the event that a normal track becomes damaged or is unusable.

ANALOGANALOG

ANALOG

ANALOGANALOG

A signal or system that does not use digital states to convey information. A signal may have any number of significant states (values), contrasted to digital signals which can only have two states.

ANSIANSI

ANSI

ANSIANSI

American National Standards Institute.

APPLICATION PROGRAMAPPLICATION PROGRAM

APPLICATION PROGRAM

APPLICATION PROGRAMAPPLICATION PROGRAM

A sequence of programmed instructions that tell the computer how to perform some end-user task, such as accounting or word processing.

AREAL DENSITYAREAL DENSITY

AREAL DENSITY

AREAL DENSITYAREAL DENSITY

Bit density (bits per inch) multiplied by track density (tracks per inch) or bits per square inch.

ASYMMETRYASYMMETRY

ASYMMETRY

ASYMMETRYASYMMETRY

A distortion of the readback signal which is shown in different intervals between the positive and negative voltage peaks.

AUXILIARY MEMORYAUXILIARY MEMORY

AUXILIARY MEMORY

AUXILIARY MEMORYAUXILIARY MEMORY

Memory other than main memory; generally a mass-storage subsystem containing disk drives and backup tape drives, controller(s) and buffer memory (also called peripheral memory).

AVERAGE ACCESS TIMEAVERAGE ACCESS TIME

AVERAGE ACCESS TIME

AVERAGE ACCESS TIMEAVERAGE ACCESS TIME

The average time to make all possible length accesses (seeks).

AVERAGE SEEK TIMEAVERAGE SEEK TIME

AVERAGE SEEK TIME

AVERAGE SEEK TIMEAVERAGE SEEK TIME

The average time to make all possible length seeks. A typical measure of performance.

BAD BLOCKBAD BLOCK

BAD BLOCK

BAD BLOCKBAD BLOCK

A block that cannot store data because of a media flaw.

BITBIT

BIT

BITBIT

An abbreviation for binary digit, of which there are two (0 and 1). A bit is the basic data unit of most digital computers. A bit is usually part of a data byte or word, but bits may be used singly to control or read logic “on-off” functions. The fundamental unit information, often used loosely to refer to a circuit or magnetization state at a particular instant in time.

BIOSBIOS

BIOS

BIOSBIOS

Acronym for Basic Input/Output System. The firmware area of a CPU that controls operations through the system bus and to the attached cards and peripheral devices.

GLOSSARY

BPIBPI

BPI

BPIBPI

Acronym for bits per inch. See bit density.

BLOCKBLOCK

BLOCK

BLOCKBLOCK

A group of bytes handled, stored, and accessed as a logical data unit, such as an individual file record.

BUFFERBUFFER

BUFFER

BUFFERBUFFER

A temporary data storage area that compensates for a difference in data transfer rates and/or data processing rates between sender and receiver.

BUSBUS

BUS

BUSBUS

A collection of functionally parallel conductors that forms an interconnection between functional blocks in a digital device. A length of parallel conductors that forms a major interconnection route between the computer system CPU (central processing unit) and its peripheral subsystems. Depending on its design, a bus may carry data, addresses, power, and more.

BYTEBYTE

BYTE

BYTEBYTE

An ordered collection of bits treated as a unit. Most often, a byte is understood to consist of eight bits. One byte is necessary to define an alphanumeric character.

CACHECACHE

CACHE

CACHECACHE

Random access memory (RAM) used as a buffer between the CPU and the disk drive.

CAPACITYCAPACITY

CAPACITY

CAPACITYCAPACITY

The amount of data, usually expressed in bytes, which can be stored in a given device or portion of same.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

The heart of the computer system that executes programmed instructions. It includes the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for performing all math and logic operations, a control section for interpreting and executing instructions, internal memory for temporary storage of program variables and other functions.

CHANNELCHANNEL

CHANNEL

CHANNELCHANNEL

A collection of electronic circuits used in the process of writing and reading information to and from magnetic media.

CHARACTERCHARACTER

CHARACTER

CHARACTERCHARACTER

An ordered collection of bits representing one of a set of predefined symbols. Often the term is used interchangeably with byte, but this is inexact.

CLOSED LOOPCLOSED LOOP

CLOSED LOOP

CLOSED LOOPCLOSED LOOP

A control technique that enables the positioning system to correct off-track errors in real time. The actual head position is monitored and compared to the ideal track position to determine any position error that might be occurring. This information is then used to produce a correction signal (feedback) that goes to the positioner to correct the error. (See also track following servo).

CLOSED LOOP SERVOCLOSED LOOP SERVO

CLOSED LOOP SERVO

CLOSED LOOP SERVOCLOSED LOOP SERVO

A servo control technique that uses position feedback to correct off-track errors. See Track Following Servo.

CLUSTERCLUSTER

CLUSTER

CLUSTERCLUSTER

The smallest allocatable unit of disk storage allowed by MS-DOS; each FAT entry represents one cluster.

CONTROLLERCONTROLLER

CONTROLLER

CONTROLLERCONTROLLER

An electronic device for connecting one or more mass storage peripherals (rigid disk drives, tape drives, and optical disk drives) to the input/output circuits of a host computer. Controllers vary in complexity, with more sophisticated units able to buffer and schedule commands, correct data errors, and bypass media defects without host intervention.

GL – 1

GLOSSARY

CONTROLLERCONTROLLER

CONTROLLER

CONTROLLERCONTROLLER

A miniature CPU dedicated to controlling a peripheral device, such as a disk drive, tape drive, video display terminal, or printer. The controller executes commands from the central processing unit and reissues commands to the peripheral device.

CORRECTABLE ERRORCORRECTABLE ERROR

CORRECTABLE ERROR

CORRECTABLE ERRORCORRECTABLE ERROR

An error that can be overcome by the use of Error Detection and Correction.

CYLINDERCYLINDER

CYLINDER

CYLINDERCYLINDER

On several disk surfaces sharing a common rotational axis, the aggregate of tracks at a given radial position. A set of disk tracks that are simultaneously under the set of read/write heads. This three-dimensional storage volume can be accessed after a single seek.

CYLINDER ZEROCYLINDER ZERO

CYLINDER ZERO

CYLINDER ZEROCYLINDER ZERO

The outermost cylinder in a drive that can be used for data storage.

DATADATA

DATA

DATADATA

An ordered collection of information. In a specific case, it is the information processed by a computer.

DATA SEPARATORDATA SEPARATOR

DATA SEPARATOR

DATA SEPARATORDATA SEPARATOR

An electronic circuit which decodes playback data and produces separate clock and data bits. Sometimes incorrectly used to denote data synchronizer.

DATA SYNCHRONIZERDATA SYNCHRONIZER

DATA SYNCHRONIZER

DATA SYNCHRONIZERDATA SYNCHRONIZER

An electronic circuit producing a clock signal that is synchronous with the incoming data stream. This clock signal is then used to decode the recording code being used into user data.

DATA TRANSFER RATEDATA TRANSFER RATE

DATA TRANSFER RATE

DATA TRANSFER RATEDATA TRANSFER RATE

In a disk or tape drive, the rate at which data is transferred to or from the storage media. It is usually given in thousands of bits per second (Kbit/second) or millions of bits per second (Mbit/second).

DEDICATED LANDING ZONEDEDICATED LANDING ZONE

DEDICATED LANDING ZONE

DEDICATED LANDING ZONEDEDICATED LANDING ZONE

A designated radial zone on the disk where contact starting and stopping occur by design.

DEDICATED SERVODEDICATED SERVO

DEDICATED SERVO

DEDICATED SERVODEDICATED SERVO

A servo scheme in which a prerecorded pattern on an otherwise unused disk surface provides position information to the servo circuitry by means of a head reading that surface.

DEFECTDEFECT

DEFECT

DEFECTDEFECT

A magnetic imperfection in a recording surface.

DEFECT MANAGEMENTDEFECT MANAGEMENT

DEFECT MANAGEMENT

DEFECT MANAGEMENTDEFECT MANAGEMENT

A general methodology of avoiding data errors on a recording surface by avoiding the use of known bad areas of media. Usually defective sectors or tracks are retired and data are written in alternate locations. Several algorithms are possible such as “sector slipping,” or “spare sector per track.”

DEFECT MAPDEFECT MAP

DEFECT MAP

DEFECT MAPDEFECT MAP

A list of defects that fall within a pass/fail criteria of a user. This list is usually used by an operating system or a disk drive controller for defect management.

DEFECT SKIPPINGDEFECT SKIPPING

DEFECT SKIPPING

DEFECT SKIPPINGDEFECT SKIPPING

A defect management scheme for avoiding surface defects. It has data written before and after the defect, instead of using alternate tracks or sectors to avoid use of the defective area.

DENSITYDENSITY

DENSITY

DENSITYDENSITY

Generally, recording density. See areal, bit, and storage density.

DC ERASEDC ERASE

DC ERASE

DC ERASEDC ERASE

The method of erasing a track using a DC write/erase current through either a Read/Write or Erase head.

DIGITALDIGITAL

DIGITAL

DIGITALDIGITAL

Any system that processes digital binary signals (having only values of a 1 or 0; usually in bits and bytes) rather than analog signals (signals that can have many values)

DIGITAL MAGNETIC RECORDINGDIGITAL MAGNETIC RECORDING

DIGITAL MAGNETIC RECORDING

DIGITAL MAGNETIC RECORDINGDIGITAL MAGNETIC RECORDING

See magnetic recording.

DIRECT ACCESSDIRECT ACCESS

DIRECT ACCESS

DIRECT ACCESSDIRECT ACCESS

Access directly to memory location. (See random access).

DIRECT MEMORY ACCESSDIRECT MEMORY ACCESS

DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS

DIRECT MEMORY ACCESSDIRECT MEMORY ACCESS

A mean of data transfer between the device and host memory without processor intervention.

DIRECTORYDIRECTORY

DIRECTORY

DIRECTORYDIRECTORY

A listing of files maintained by the disk operation system (DOS) or a data base management system to enable a user to quickly access data files.

DISKDISK

DISK

DISKDISK

A flat, circular piece of metal (usually aluminum) or plastic (usually mylar) with a magnetic coating upon which information can be recorded. (See, for example, floppy disk or Winchester disk)

DISK DRIVE OR DISK MEMORY DEVICEDISK DRIVE OR DISK MEMORY DEVICE

DISK DRIVE OR DISK MEMORY DEVICE

DISK DRIVE OR DISK MEMORY DEVICEDISK DRIVE OR DISK MEMORY DEVICE

The total electromechanical storage device containing disks and read/write heads, head positioning mechanism, drive motor, and electronics.

DISK PACKDISK PACK

DISK PACK

DISK PACKDISK PACK

A number of metal disks packaged in a canister for removal from the disk drive (predecessor of Winchester technology).

DISK OPERATING SYSTEM (DOS)DISK OPERATING SYSTEM (DOS)

DISK OPERATING SYSTEM (DOS)

DISK OPERATING SYSTEM (DOS)DISK OPERATING SYSTEM (DOS)

The master computer system program that schedules tasks, allocates the computer system resources, controls accesses to mass storage devices, manages files, and so forth. Typical disk operating systems include CP/M, MS-DOS, and UNIX.

DISK STORAGEDISK STORAGE

DISK STORAGE

DISK STORAGEDISK STORAGE

Auxiliary memory system containing disk drives.

DISK TRANSFER RATEDISK TRANSFER RATE

DISK TRANSFER RATE

DISK TRANSFER RATEDISK TRANSFER RATE

The rate that digital data is transferred from one point to another. Expressed in either bits/second or bytes/second.

DOUBLE FREQUENCY ENCODINGDOUBLE FREQUENCY ENCODING

DOUBLE FREQUENCY ENCODING

DOUBLE FREQUENCY ENCODINGDOUBLE FREQUENCY ENCODING

Another name for FM encoding. This is because all possible data combinations will result in only two possible temporal displacements of adjacent data bits, specifically “1F” and 2F.”

EARLY WINDOWEARLY WINDOW

EARLY WINDOW

EARLY WINDOWEARLY WINDOW

A data window that has been intentionally shifted in time in an early direction.

EMBEDDED SERVOEMBEDDED SERVO

EMBEDDED SERVO

EMBEDDED SERVOEMBEDDED SERVO

A servo technique used for track following. Position information is prerecorded between data areas in a track so that a data head, and proper additional circuitry, can determine the data head location with respect to the center position of the track (or cylinder) in question.

ERASEERASE

ERASE

ERASEERASE

A process by which a signal recorded on a medium is removed and the medium made ready for rerecording.

ERROR CORRECTION CODE (ECC)ERROR CORRECTION CODE (ECC)

ERROR CORRECTION CODE (ECC)

ERROR CORRECTION CODE (ECC)ERROR CORRECTION CODE (ECC)

A mathematical algorithm that can detect and correct errors in a data field. This is accomplished with the aid of Check Bits added to the raw data.

ERROR FREEERROR FREE

ERROR FREE

ERROR FREEERROR FREE

A recording surface that has no defects.

ERROR RATEERROR RATE

ERROR RATE

ERROR RATEERROR RATE

The number of errors (type must be specified) that occur in a specified number of bits read.

ERROR RECOVERY PROCEDUREERROR RECOVERY PROCEDURE

ERROR RECOVERY PROCEDURE

ERROR RECOVERY PROCEDUREERROR RECOVERY PROCEDURE

The process that occurs in response to a data error. In a drive without ECC, this would include re-calibration and re-seeking to the specified track and rereading the specified data.

GL – 2

GLOSSARY

EXTRA PULSEEXTRA PULSE

EXTRA PULSE

EXTRA PULSEEXTRA PULSE

Term used in surface certification. It is when a flux field discontinuity remains after the recording surface is erased, thereby producing an electrical output of a read head passing over the area with the discontinuity. An extra pulse occurs when the electrical output is larger than a specified threshold.

FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

FEEDBACK

FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

In a closed-loop system, the output signal (from the servo head) is used to modify the input signal (to the positioner).

FETCHFETCH

FETCH

FETCHFETCH

A read operation and its related data transfer operations.

FILE ALLOCATION TABLE (FAT)FILE ALLOCATION TABLE (FAT)

FILE ALLOCATION TABLE (FAT)

FILE ALLOCATION TABLE (FAT)FILE ALLOCATION TABLE (FAT)

Allocates space on the disk for files, one cluster at a time; locks out unusable clusters; identifies unused (free) area; and lists a file’s location. With two FAT’s present, the second copy ensures consistency and protects against loss of data if one of the sectors on the first FAT is damaged.

FLUX CHANGES PER INCHFLUX CHANGES PER INCH

FLUX CHANGES PER INCH

FLUX CHANGES PER INCHFLUX CHANGES PER INCH

Synonymous with frpi (flux reversals per inch). Only in MFM recording does 1 fci equal 1 bpi (bit per inch). In run-length-limited encoding schemes, generally 1 fci equals 1.5 bpi.

FORMATFORMAT

FORMAT

FORMATFORMAT

In a disk drive, the arrangement of data on a storage media. A standard 5.25-inch disk format consists of 17, 26, or 36 sectors per track, and 512 bytes of data per sector, plus identification, error correction, and other bytes necessary for accessing and synchronizing data.

FORMATTED CAPACITYFORMATTED CAPACITY

FORMATTED CAPACITY

FORMATTED CAPACITYFORMATTED CAPACITY

The actual capacity available to store data in a mass storage device. The formatted capacity is the gross capacity, less the capacity taken up by the overhead data used in formatting the sectors.

FREQUENCY MODULATIONFREQUENCY MODULATION

FREQUENCY MODULATION

FREQUENCY MODULATIONFREQUENCY MODULATION

A recording code. A flux reversal at the beginning of a cell time represents clock bit; a “1” bit is a flux reversal at the center of the cell time, and a “0” bit is an absence of a flux reversal.

FREQUENCY RESPONSEFREQUENCY RESPONSE

FREQUENCY RESPONSE

FREQUENCY RESPONSEFREQUENCY RESPONSE

A measure of how effectively a circuit or device transmits the different frequencies applied to it. In disk and tape drives this refers to the read/write channel. In disk drives, it can also refer to the dynamic mechanical characteristics of a positioning system.

GIGABYTE (GB)GIGABYTE (GB)

GIGABYTE (GB)

GIGABYTE (GB)GIGABYTE (GB)

One billion bytes (one thousand megabytes) or 109.

HARD ERRORHARD ERROR

HARD ERROR

HARD ERRORHARD ERROR

An error that is not able to be overcome by repeated readings and repositioning means.

HARD SECTOREDHARD SECTORED

HARD SECTORED

HARD SECTOREDHARD SECTORED

A technique where a digital signal indicates the beginning of a sector on a track. This is contrasted to soft sectoring, where the controller determines the beginning of a sector by the reading of format information from the disk.

HEADHEAD

HEAD

HEADHEAD

The electromagnetic device that write (records), reads (plays back), and erases data on a magnetic media. It contains a read core(s) and/or a write core(s) and/or erase core(s) which is/are used to produce or receive magnetic flux. Sometimes the term is all inclusive to mean the carriage assembly which includes the slider and flexure.

HEAD CRASHHEAD CRASH

HEAD CRASH

HEAD CRASHHEAD CRASH

The inadvertent touching of a disk by a head flying over the disk (may destroy a portion of the media and/or the head).

HEAD DISK ASSEMBLY (HDA)HEAD DISK ASSEMBLY (HDA)

HEAD DISK ASSEMBLY (HDA)

HEAD DISK ASSEMBLY (HDA)HEAD DISK ASSEMBLY (HDA)

The mechanical portion of a rigid, fixed disk drive. It usually includes disks, heads, spindle motor, and actuator.

HEAD LOADING ZONEHEAD LOADING ZONE

HEAD LOADING ZONE

HEAD LOADING ZONEHEAD LOADING ZONE

The non-data area on the disk set aside for the controlled takeoff and landing of the Winchester heads when the drive is turned on and off. Dedicated annulus on each disk surface in which heads are loaded, unloaded, or flying height is established. Head-disk contact may occur in some instances; no data is recorded in this area.

HEAD POSITIONERHEAD POSITIONER

HEAD POSITIONER

HEAD POSITIONERHEAD POSITIONER

Also known as actuator, a mechanism that moves the arms that carry read/write heads to the cylinder being accessed.

INDEXINDEX

INDEX

INDEXINDEX

Similar to a directory, but used to establish a physical to logical cross reference. Used to update the physical disk address (tracks and sectors) of files and to expedite accesses.

INSIDE DIAMETERINSIDE DIAMETER

INSIDE DIAMETER

INSIDE DIAMETERINSIDE DIAMETER

The smallest radial position used for the recording and playback of flux reversals on a magnetic disk surface.

INITIALIZATIONINITIALIZATION

INITIALIZATION

INITIALIZATIONINITIALIZATION

Applying input patterns or instructions to a device so that all operational parameters are at a known value.

INPUTINPUT

INPUT

INPUTINPUT

Data entering the computer to be processed; also user commands.

INPUT/OUTPUT (I/O)INPUT/OUTPUT (I/O)

INPUT/OUTPUT (I/O)

INPUT/OUTPUT (I/O)INPUT/OUTPUT (I/O)

The process of entering data into or removing data from a computer system or a peripheral device.

INTELLIGENT PERIPHERALINTELLIGENT PERIPHERAL

INTELLIGENT PERIPHERAL

INTELLIGENT PERIPHERALINTELLIGENT PERIPHERAL

A peripheral device that contains a processor or microprocessor to enable it to interpret and execute commands.

INTERFACEINTERFACE

INTERFACE

INTERFACEINTERFACE

The data transmitters, data receivers, logic, and wiring that link one piece of computer equipment to another, such as a disk drive to a controller or a controller to a system bus.

INTERFACE STANDARDINTERFACE STANDARD

INTERFACE STANDARD

INTERFACE STANDARDINTERFACE STANDARD

The interface specifications agreed to by various manufacturers to promote industry-wide interchangeability of products such as a disk drive. Interface standards generally reduce product costs, allows buyers to purchase from more than one source, and allow faster market acceptance of new products.

INTERLEAVEINTERLEAVE

INTERLEAVE

INTERLEAVEINTERLEAVE

An ordering of physical sectors to be skipped between logical sectors on your hard disk.

I/O PROCESSORI/O PROCESSOR

I/O PROCESSOR

I/O PROCESSORI/O PROCESSOR

Intelligent processor or controller that handles the input/output operations of a computer.

INTERRUPTINTERRUPT

INTERRUPT

INTERRUPTINTERRUPT

A signal, usually from a subsystem to a central processing unit, to signify that an operation has been completed or cannot be completed.

JUMPERJUMPER

JUMPER

JUMPERJUMPER

A small piece of plastic that slides over pairs of pins that protrude from the circuit board on the hard drive to make an electrical connection and activate a specific option.

KILOBYTE (KB)KILOBYTE (KB)

KILOBYTE (KB)

KILOBYTE (KB)KILOBYTE (KB)

A unit of measure of approximately 1,000 bytes. (However, because computer memory is partitioned into sizes that are a power of two, a kilobyte is really 1,024 bytes.)

GL – 3

GLOSSARY

LANDING ZONE OR LZONELANDING ZONE OR LZONE

LANDING ZONE OR LZONE

LANDING ZONE OR LZONELANDING ZONE OR LZONE

The cylinder number to where ParkHeads move the read/write heads.

LATE BITLATE BIT

LATE BIT

LATE BITLATE BIT

A bit that is in the late half of the data window.

LATE WINDOWLATE WINDOW

LATE WINDOW

LATE WINDOWLATE WINDOW

A data window that has been shifted in a late direction to facilitate data recovery.

LATENCYLATENCY

LATENCY

LATENCYLATENCY

A delay encountered in a computer when waiting for a specific response. In a disk drive there is both seek latency and rotational latency. The time required for the addressed sector to arrive under the head after the head is positioned over the correct track. It is a result of the disk’s rotational speed and must be considered in determining the disk drive’s total access time.

LOGICLOGIC

LOGIC

LOGICLOGIC

Electronic circuitry that switches on and off (“1” and “0”) to perform functions.

LOGICAL ADDRESSLOGICAL ADDRESS

LOGICAL ADDRESS

LOGICAL ADDRESSLOGICAL ADDRESS

A storage location address that may not relate directly to a physical location. Usually used to request information from a controller, which performs a logical to physical address conversion, and in turn, retrieves the data from a physical location in the mass storage peripheral.

LOGICAL BLOCK ADDRESSINGLOGICAL BLOCK ADDRESSING

LOGICAL BLOCK ADDRESSING

LOGICAL BLOCK ADDRESSINGLOGICAL BLOCK ADDRESSING

Defines the addressing of the device by the linear mapping of sectors.

LOGICAL SECTORLOGICAL SECTOR

LOGICAL SECTOR

LOGICAL SECTORLOGICAL SECTOR

The lowest unit of space that DOS can access through a device driver; one or more physical sectors.

LOW FREQUENCYLOW FREQUENCY

LOW FREQUENCY

LOW FREQUENCYLOW FREQUENCY

The lowest recording frequency used in a particular magnetic recording device. With FM or MFM channel codes, this frequency is also called “IF.”

MAIN MEMORYMAIN MEMORY

MAIN MEMORY

MAIN MEMORYMAIN MEMORY

Random-access memory (RAM) used by the central processing unit (CPU) for storing program instructions and data currently being processed by those instructions. (See also random access memory.)

MASS STORAGEMASS STORAGE

MASS STORAGE

MASS STORAGEMASS STORAGE

Auxiliary memory used in conjunctions with main memory; generally having a large, on-line storage capacity.

MEGABYTE (MB)MEGABYTE (MB)

MEGABYTE (MB)

MEGABYTE (MB)MEGABYTE (MB)

A unit of measure approximately one million bytes (actually 1,048,576 bytes) or 10

MEMORYMEMORY

MEMORY

MEMORYMEMORY

Any device or storage system capable of storing and retrieving information. (See also storage definitions.)

MICROCOMPUTERMICROCOMPUTER

MICROCOMPUTER

MICROCOMPUTERMICROCOMPUTER

A computer whose central processing unit is a microprocessor. It is usually, but not necessarily, desktop size.

MICROPROCESSORMICROPROCESSOR

MICROPROCESSOR

MICROPROCESSORMICROPROCESSOR

A central processing unit (CPU) manufactured as a chip or a small number of chips.

MISSING PULSEMISSING PULSE

MISSING PULSE

MISSING PULSEMISSING PULSE

A term used in surface certification. It is when a prerecorded signal is reduced in amplitude by a certain specified percentage.

MODIFIED FREQUENCY MODULATION (MFM)MODIFIED FREQUENCY MODULATION (MFM)

MODIFIED FREQUENCY MODULATION (MFM)

MODIFIED FREQUENCY MODULATION (MFM)MODIFIED FREQUENCY MODULATION (MFM)

A method of encoding digital data signals for recording on magnetic media. Also called “three frequency recording.” Recording code that only uses synchronizing clock pulse if data bits are not present. Doubles the lineal bit density without increasing the lineal flux reversal density, compared to Frequency Modulation.

MODIFIED MODIFIED FREQUENCY MODULATION (MMFM)MODIFIED MODIFIED FREQUENCY MODULATION (MMFM)

MODIFIED MODIFIED FREQUENCY MODULATION (MMFM)

MODIFIED MODIFIED FREQUENCY MODULATION (MMFM)MODIFIED MODIFIED FREQUENCY MODULATION (MMFM)

A recording code similar to MFM that has a longer run length limited distance.

MODULATIONMODULATION

MODULATION

MODULATIONMODULATION

1. Readback voltage fluctuation usually related to the rotational period of a disk. 2. A recording code, such as FM, MFM, or RLL, to translate between flux reversals and bits or bytes.

NON-RETURN TO ZERONON-RETURN TO ZERO

NON-RETURN TO ZERO

NON-RETURN TO ZERONON-RETURN TO ZERO

A form of data encoding that is not self-clocking, in other words, it needs to be provided with an external bit cell clock signal. Generally used in higher-performance disk drives.

OFF-LINEOFF-LINE

OFF-LINE

OFF-LINEOFF-LINE

processing or peripheral operations performed while disconnected from the system CPU via the system bus.

ON-LINEON-LINE

ON-LINE

ON-LINEON-LINE

processing or peripheral operations performed while disconnected from the system CPU via the system bus.

OPEN LOOP SERVOOPEN LOOP SERVO

OPEN LOOP SERVO

OPEN LOOP SERVOOPEN LOOP SERVO

A head positioning system that does not use positional information to verify and correct the radial location of the head relative to the track. This is usually achieved by use of a stepper motor which has predetermined stopping point that corresponds to track locations.

OPERATING SYSTEMOPERATING SYSTEM

OPERATING SYSTEM

OPERATING SYSTEMOPERATING SYSTEM

A software program that organizes the actions of the parts of the computer and its peripheral devices. (See disk operating system.)

OUTSIDE DIAMETEROUTSIDE DIAMETER

OUTSIDE DIAMETER

OUTSIDE DIAMETEROUTSIDE DIAMETER

The largest radius recording track on a disk.

OVERWRITEOVERWRITE

OVERWRITE

OVERWRITEOVERWRITE

A test that measures the residual 1F recorded frequency on a track after being overwritten by a 2F signal. Variations of the test exist.

PARALLELISMPARALLELISM

PARALLELISM

PARALLELISMPARALLELISM

1. The condition of two planes or lines being parallel. Important in disk drives because a lack of it in mechanical assemblies can result in positioning inaccuracy. More precisely: planes-coplanar; linescolinear. 2. Is the local variation in disk thickness measured independently of thickness itself. 3. The ability of a multiprocessor computer to allocate more than one processor (CPU) to a computing problem, where each CPU works on a separate problem or separate segment of that problem. Also referred to as parallel processing.

PARITYPARITY

PARITY

PARITYPARITY

A simple method of data error detections that always makes numbers either odd or even, using an extra bit in which the total number of binary 1s (or 0s) in a byte is always odd or always even; thus, in an odd parity scheme, every byte has eight bits of data and one parity bit. If using odd parity and the number of 1 bits comprising the byte of data is not odd, the ninth or parity bit is set to 1 to create the odd parity. In this way, a byte of data can be checked for accurate transmission by simply counting the bits for an odd parity indication. If the count is ever even, an error is indicated.

PARTITIONPARTITION

PARTITION

PARTITIONPARTITION

A logical section of a disk drive, each of which becomes a logical device with a drive letter.

PEAK SHIFTPEAK SHIFT

PEAK SHIFT

PEAK SHIFTPEAK SHIFT

The shifting in time of the zero-slope portion of a readback voltage from the values contained in the write current waveform. Sometimes incorrectly used to describe bit jitter.

PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENTPERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT

PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT

PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENTPERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT

Auxiliary memory, displays, printers, and other equipment usually attached to a computer system’s CPU by controllers and cables. (They are often packaged together in a desktop computer.)

PHASE LOCKED LOOP (PLL)PHASE LOCKED LOOP (PLL)

PHASE LOCKED LOOP (PLL)

PHASE LOCKED LOOP (PLL)PHASE LOCKED LOOP (PLL)

A circuit whose output locks onto and tracks the frequency of an input signal. Sometimes incorrectly called a data separator.

GL – 4

PHASE MARGINPHASE MARGIN

PHASE MARGIN

PHASE MARGINPHASE MARGIN

Measure in degrees of the amount of difference between excursions from the window center where flux reversals can occur and the edge of the data window. Similar to window margin.

PHYSICAL SECTORPHYSICAL SECTOR

PHYSICAL SECTOR

PHYSICAL SECTORPHYSICAL SECTOR

The smallest grouping of data on the hard disk; always 512 bytes.

PIOPIO

PIO

PIOPIO

Programmable Input Output. A means of accessing device registers. Also describes one form of data transfers. PIO data transfers are performed by the host processor using PIO register accesses to the data register.

PLATED THIN FILM MEDIAPLATED THIN FILM MEDIA

PLATED THIN FILM MEDIA

PLATED THIN FILM MEDIAPLATED THIN FILM MEDIA

Magnetic disk memory media having its surface plated with a thin coating of a metallic alloy instead of being coated with oxide.

PROCESSINGPROCESSING

PROCESSING

PROCESSINGPROCESSING

The process of the computer handling, manipulating and modifying data such as arithmetic calculation, file lookup and updating, and word pressing.

PULSE CROWDINGPULSE CROWDING

PULSE CROWDING

PULSE CROWDINGPULSE CROWDING

Modification of playback amplitude due to super-positioning of adjacent flux reversal fields being sensed by the read/write gap.

PULSE DETECTPULSE DETECT

PULSE DETECT

PULSE DETECTPULSE DETECT

A digital pulse train in which each leading edge or each edge corresponds to a magnetic transition read from the disk. If transition qualification circuitry exists in the drive, this signal is the output of same. Also known as transition detect.

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)

Memory designed so that any storage location can be accessed randomly, directly and individually. This is contrasted to sequential access devices such as tape drives.

READREAD

READ

READREAD

To access a storage location and obtain previously recorded data. To sense the presence of flux reversals on magnetic media. Usually implemented such that a dynamic flux amplitude will cause a proportional electrical output from the transducer.

READ GATE SIGNALREAD GATE SIGNAL

READ GATE SIGNAL

READ GATE SIGNALREAD GATE SIGNAL

A digital input signal which causes the drive circuitry to recover data.

READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)

READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)

READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)

A form of memory which cannot be changed in formal operational modes. Many different types are available. RAM is used for permanent information storage. Computer control programs are often stored in ROM applications.

READ/WRITE HEADREAD/WRITE HEAD

READ/WRITE HEAD

READ/WRITE HEADREAD/WRITE HEAD

The recording element which writes data to the magnetic media and reads recorded data from the media.

RE-CALIBRATERE-CALIBRATE

RE-CALIBRATE

RE-CALIBRATERE-CALIBRATE

The action of moving the head of a disk drive to cylinder zero.

RECOVERABLE ERRORRECOVERABLE ERROR

RECOVERABLE ERROR

RECOVERABLE ERRORRECOVERABLE ERROR

A read error, transient or otherwise, falling within the capability of an ECC mechanism to correct, or able to overcome by rereading the data in question.

ROTATIONAL LATENCYROTATIONAL LATENCY

ROTATIONAL LATENCY

ROTATIONAL LATENCYROTATIONAL LATENCY

The amount of delay in obtaining information from a disk drive attributable to the rotation of the disk.

RUN-LENGTH LIMITEDRUN-LENGTH LIMITED

RUN-LENGTH LIMITED

RUN-LENGTH LIMITEDRUN-LENGTH LIMITED

An encoding process that repositions data bits and limits the length of zero bits in order to compress information being stored on disks.

RUN-LENGTH LIMITED ENCODINGRUN-LENGTH LIMITED ENCODING

RUN-LENGTH LIMITED ENCODING

RUN-LENGTH LIMITED ENCODINGRUN-LENGTH LIMITED ENCODING

A recording code. Sometimes meant to denote “2.7 RLL” which can signify 1.5 times the bits as MFM, given the same number of flux reversals in a given lineal distance.

GLOSSARY

SECTORSECTOR

SECTOR

SECTORSECTOR

A logical segment of information on a particular track. The smallest addressable unit of storage on a disk. Tracks are made of sectors.

SECTOR PULSE SIGNALSECTOR PULSE SIGNAL

SECTOR PULSE SIGNAL

SECTOR PULSE SIGNALSECTOR PULSE SIGNAL

A digital signal pulse present in hard sectored drives which indicates the beginning of a sector. Embedded servo pattern or other prerecorded information may be present on the disk when sector is active.

SEEKSEEK

SEEK

SEEKSEEK

A random access operation by the disk drive. The act of moving a set of read/write heads so that one of them is over the desired cylinder. The actuator or positioner moves the heads to the cylinder containing the desired track and sector.

SEEK COMPLETE SIGNALSEEK COMPLETE SIGNAL

SEEK COMPLETE SIGNAL

SEEK COMPLETE SIGNALSEEK COMPLETE SIGNAL

A digital signal level which indicates that the positioner is not moving and is located over a cylinder or offset position.

SEEK TIMESEEK TIME

SEEK TIME

SEEK TIMESEEK TIME

The amount of time between when a step pulse or seek command is issued until the head settles onto the desired cylinder. Sometimes is measured without settling times.

SEQUENTIAL ACCESSSEQUENTIAL ACCESS

SEQUENTIAL ACCESS

SEQUENTIAL ACCESSSEQUENTIAL ACCESS

The writing or reading of data in a sequential order such as reading data blocks stored one after the other on magnetic tape. This is contrasted to random access of information.

SERVO BURSTSERVO BURST

SERVO BURST

SERVO BURSTSERVO BURST

A momentary servo pattern used in embedded servo control systems usually positioned between sectors or at the end of a track.

SERVO CONTROLSERVO CONTROL

SERVO CONTROL

SERVO CONTROLSERVO CONTROL

A technique by which the speed or position of a moving device is forced into conformity with a desired or standard speed or position.

SERVO HEADSERVO HEAD

SERVO HEAD

SERVO HEADSERVO HEAD

A magnetic head designed specifically for accurately reading servo data.

SERVO PATTERNSERVO PATTERN

SERVO PATTERN

SERVO PATTERNSERVO PATTERN

A readback signal that indicates the position of a head relative to a track.

SERVO SURFACESERVO SURFACE

SERVO SURFACE

SERVO SURFACESERVO SURFACE

A recording surface in a multi-surface disk drive that only contains control information which provides timing, head position, and trackfollowing information for the data surfaces.

SERVO SYSTEMSERVO SYSTEM

SERVO SYSTEM

SERVO SYSTEMSERVO SYSTEM

An automatic system for maintaining the read/write head on track; can be either “open loop,” “quasi-closed loop,” or “closed loop.”

SERVO TRACKSERVO TRACK

SERVO TRACK

SERVO TRACKSERVO TRACK

A track on a servo surface. The prerecorded reference track on the dedicated servo surface of a disk drive. All data track positions are compared to their corresponding servo track to determine “off track”/”on track” position.

SETTLING TIMESETTLING TIME

SETTLING TIME

SETTLING TIMESETTLING TIME

The time it takes a head to stop vibrating, within specified limits, after it reaches the desired cylinder.

SILICONSILICON

SILICON

SILICONSILICON

Semiconductor material generally used to manufacture microprocessors and other integrated circuit chips.

SMALL COMPUTER SYSTEM INTERFACE (SCSI)SMALL COMPUTER SYSTEM INTERFACE (SCSI)

SMALL COMPUTER SYSTEM INTERFACE (SCSI)

SMALL COMPUTER SYSTEM INTERFACE (SCSI)SMALL COMPUTER SYSTEM INTERFACE (SCSI)

An intelligent interface that incorporates controller functions directly into the drive.

S.M.A.R.T. CAPABILITYS.M.A.R.T. CAPABILITY

S.M.A.R.T. CAPABILITY

S.M.A.R.T. CAPABILITYS.M.A.R.T. CAPABILITY

Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology. Prediction of device degradation and/or faults.

GL – 5

GLOSSARY

SOFT ERRORSOFT ERROR

SOFT ERROR

SOFT ERRORSOFT ERROR

A data error which can be overcome by rereading the data or repositioning the head.

SOFT SECTOREDSOFT SECTORED

SOFT SECTORED

SOFT SECTOREDSOFT SECTORED

A technique where the controller determines the beginning of a sector by the reading of format information from the disk. This is contrasted to hard sectoring where a digital signal indicates the beginning of a sector on a track.

SOFTWARESOFTWARE

SOFTWARE

SOFTWARESOFTWARE

Applications programs, operating systems, and other programs (as opposed to hardware).

SPINDLESPINDLE

SPINDLE

SPINDLESPINDLE

The rotating hub structure to which the disks are attached.

SPINDLE MOTORSPINDLE MOTOR

SPINDLE MOTOR

SPINDLE MOTORSPINDLE MOTOR

The motor that rotates the spindle and therefore the disks.

SPUTTERED MEDIASPUTTERED MEDIA

SPUTTERED MEDIA

SPUTTERED MEDIASPUTTERED MEDIA

Magnetic disk or tape that has the magnetic layer deposited by sputtering means.

STEPPER MOTORSTEPPER MOTOR

STEPPER MOTOR

STEPPER MOTORSTEPPER MOTOR

A motor that has known detent positions where the rotor will stop with the proper control in some cases. The digitally controlled motor moves the head positioner from track to track in small, step-like motions.

STORAGE CAPACITYSTORAGE CAPACITY

STORAGE CAPACITY

STORAGE CAPACITYSTORAGE CAPACITY

The amount of data that can be stored in a memory location, usually specified in kilobytes for main memory and floppy drives and megabytes for mass storage devices.

STORAGE DENSITYSTORAGE DENSITY

STORAGE DENSITY

STORAGE DENSITYSTORAGE DENSITY

Usually refers to recording density (BPI, TPI, or a combination of the two.)

STORAGE LOCATIONSTORAGE LOCATION

STORAGE LOCATION

STORAGE LOCATIONSTORAGE LOCATION

A memory location, identified by an address where information may be read or written.

STROBE OFFSET SIGNALSTROBE OFFSET SIGNAL

STROBE OFFSET SIGNAL

STROBE OFFSET SIGNALSTROBE OFFSET SIGNAL

A group of digital input signal levels which cause the read PLL and/ or data decoder to shift the decoding windows by fractional amounts. Often early/late are modified when two signals are used.

THIN-FILM HEADTHIN-FILM HEAD

THIN-FILM HEAD

THIN-FILM HEADTHIN-FILM HEAD

A magnetic transducer manufactured by deposition of magnetic and electrical materials on a base material contrasted with prior art mechanical methods. Read/write heads whose read/write element is deposited using integrated circuit techniques rather than being manually wound.

THIN-FILM MEDIATHIN-FILM MEDIA

THIN-FILM MEDIA

THIN-FILM MEDIATHIN-FILM MEDIA

See plated thin film media.

TRACKTRACK

TRACK

TRACKTRACK

One surface of a cylinder. A path which contains reproducible information left on a magnetic medium by recording means energized from a single channel.

TRACK-FOLLOWING SERVOTRACK-FOLLOWING SERVO

TRACK-FOLLOWING SERVO

TRACK-FOLLOWING SERVOTRACK-FOLLOWING SERVO

A closed-loop positioner control system that continuously corrects the position of the disk drive’s heads by utilizing a reference track and a feedback loop in the head positioning system. (See also closed loop.)

TRACKS PER INCH (TPI)TRACKS PER INCH (TPI)

TRACKS PER INCH (TPI)

TRACKS PER INCH (TPI)TRACKS PER INCH (TPI)

A measurement of radial density. Tracks per inch of disk radius.

TRACK POSITIONINGTRACK POSITIONING

TRACK POSITIONING

TRACK POSITIONINGTRACK POSITIONING

The method, both mechanical and electrical, used to position the heads over the correct cylinder in a disk drive system.

UN-CORRECTABLE ERRORUN-CORRECTABLE ERROR

UN-CORRECTABLE ERROR

UN-CORRECTABLE ERRORUN-CORRECTABLE ERROR

An error that is not able to be overcome with Error Detection and Correction.

UNFORMATTED CAPACITYUNFORMATTED CAPACITY

UNFORMATTED CAPACITY

UNFORMATTED CAPACITYUNFORMATTED CAPACITY

Storage capacity of disk drive prior to formatting; also called the gross capacity. (See format.) The raw capacity of a drive not taking into account the capacity loss due to storage of the format control information on the disk surfaces.

UNRECOVERABLE ERRORUNRECOVERABLE ERROR

UNRECOVERABLE ERROR

UNRECOVERABLE ERRORUNRECOVERABLE ERROR

A read error falling outside the capability of an ECC mechanism to correct, or not able to be overcome by rereading the data in question, with or without repositioning the head.

VOICE COIL MOTORVOICE COIL MOTOR

VOICE COIL MOTOR

VOICE COIL MOTORVOICE COIL MOTOR

A positioning motor that uses the same principle as a voice coil in a loudspeaker. The motor has no detent positions. The mechanical motion output of it can be either rotary or linear.

WHITNEY HEADWHITNEY HEAD

WHITNEY HEAD

WHITNEY HEADWHITNEY HEAD

A successor to the original Winchester read/write head design. The primary change was to make the flexure smaller and more rigid. First used in IBM 3370/3380.

WHITNEY TECHNOLOGYWHITNEY TECHNOLOGY

WHITNEY TECHNOLOGY

WHITNEY TECHNOLOGYWHITNEY TECHNOLOGY

A method of constructing a read/write head in a rigid disk drive using a Whitney head. In all other details it is the same as Winchester technology.

WINCHESTER HEADWINCHESTER HEAD

WINCHESTER HEAD

WINCHESTER HEADWINCHESTER HEAD

The read/write head used in Winchester technology, non-removable media disk drives. May be either a monolithic or composite type. It is aerodynamically designed to fly within microinches of the disk surface.

WINCHESTER TECHNOLOGYWINCHESTER TECHNOLOGY

WINCHESTER TECHNOLOGY

WINCHESTER TECHNOLOGYWINCHESTER TECHNOLOGY

A method of constructing a rigid disk drive using concepts introduced in the IBM model 3340 disk drive. The primary changes from prior technology was to lower the mass of the slider, use of a monolithic slider, radically changing the design of the flexure and having the slider come to rest on a lubricated disk surface when disk rotation ceases. In addition to the above, a totally sealed chamber containing the read/write heads and disks was used to protect against contamination.

WINDOW MARGINWINDOW MARGIN

WINDOW MARGIN

WINDOW MARGINWINDOW MARGIN

The amount of tolerance a read/write system has for transition jitter at a specified error rate level.

WORDWORD

WORD

WORDWORD

A number of bits, typically a multiple of eight, processed in parallel (in a single operation). Standard word lengths are 8, 16, 32 and 64 bits (1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes).

WRITEWRITE

WRITE

WRITEWRITE

The recording of flux reversals on a magnetic media.

WRITE PRE-COMPENSATIONWRITE PRE-COMPENSATION

WRITE PRE-COMPENSATION

WRITE PRE-COMPENSATIONWRITE PRE-COMPENSATION

The intentional time shifting of write data to offset the effects of bit shift in magnetic recording.

WRITE GATE SIGNALWRITE GATE SIGNAL

WRITE GATE SIGNAL

WRITE GATE SIGNALWRITE GATE SIGNAL

A digital input signal level which causes the drive circuitry to record (write) data.

GL – 6

Maxtor DIAMONDMAX PLUS 40, 54098U8, 53073U6, 52049U4, 51536U3 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual