Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VIN= +12V (MAX16801: VINmust first be brought up to +23.6V for startup), 10nF bypass capacitors at IN and VCC, C
V
(VIN= +12V (MAX16801: VINmust first be brought up to +23.6V for startup), 10nF bypass capacitors at IN and VCC, C
V
UVLO/EN
are at T
CURRENT-SENSE COMPARATOR
Current-Sense Trip ThresholdV
CS Input Bias CurrentI
Propagation Delay From
Comparator Input to NDRV
Switching Frequencyf
Maximum Duty CycleD
IN CLAMP VOLTAGE
IN Clamp VoltageV
ERROR AMPLIFIER
Voltage GainR
Unity-Gain BandwidthR
Phase MarginR
DIM/FB Input Offset Voltage3mV
COMP Clamp Voltage
Source Current0.5mA
Sink Current0.5mA
Reference VoltageV
Input Bias Current50nA
COMP Short-Circuit Current8mA
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
Thermal-Shutdown Temperature130°C
Thermal Hysteresis25°C
DIGITAL SOFT-START
Soft-Start Duration15,872
Reference Voltage Steps During
Soft-Start
Reference Voltage Step40mV
Note 1: All devices are 100% tested at TA= +85°C. All limits over temperature are guaranteed by characterization.
Note 2: V
Note 3: The MAX16801 is intended for use in universal input offline drivers. The internal clamp circuit is used to prevent the boot-
= +1.4V, V
= +25°C.) (Note 1)
A
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
is measured with DIM/FB connected to the COMP pin (see the Functional Diagram).
REF
strap capacitor (C1 in Figure 5) from charging to a voltage beyond the absolute maximum rating of the device when
UVLO/EN is low. The maximum current to IN (hence to clamp) when UVLO/EN is low (device in shutdown), must be externally limited to 2mA (max). Clamp currents higher than 2mA may result in clamp voltage higher than +30V, thus exceeding
the absolute maximum rating for IN. For the MAX16802, do not exceed the +24V maximum operating voltage of the device.
The MAX16802B evaluation kit (EV kit) demonstrates a
current-controlled, high-output-current LED driver
based on the MAX16802B. This EV kit is capable of
supplying stable output currents of up to 750mA, can
run at supply voltages between 10.8V and 30V, and can
operate at temperatures ranging from -40°C to +85°C.
The MAX16802B EV kit features two different types of
dimming controls using either a linear input voltage or a
PWM input signal to control the LED brightness. This EV
kit also has a UVLO feature to turn off the EV kit operation during low input supply voltage and an overvoltage
protection to protect the EV kit under an open-LED condition. The MAX16802B EV kit is a fully assembled and
tested board.
Warning: Under severe fault or failure conditions, this
EV kit may dissipate large amounts of power, which
could result in the mechanical ejection of a component
or of component debris at high velocity. Operate this
EV kit with care to avoid possible personal injury.
The MAX16802B EV kit is fully assembled and tested.
Follow these steps to verify operation. Do not turn on
the power supply until all connections are completed.
1) Connect a DC power supply (0 to 30V or above, 1A)
to +VIN and GND.
2) Connect a voltmeter or oscilloscope and the LED
array (connected in series to drop about 12V at
750mA forward current) to +VLED and -VLED with
anode connected to +VLED and cathode to -VLED.
3) Close the jumpers J1 and J2 to disable dimming.
4) Turn on the power supply and increase the input
voltage to above 10.8V. The output voltage increases to forward bias the LED array and delivers
approximately 750mA regulated average LED current. Increase the supply further up to 30V and the
output average current will be regulated throughout
the range.
5) Open shunt J1 and apply a PWM signal to PWM_IN
with a frequency of 200Hz and 0 to 2V amplitude.
Vary the duty cycle from 0 to 100% and the LED
brightness varies from 100% to 0%. When the PWM
duty cycle is 0%, the LED brightness is 100%.
6) Close J1, and then open J2. Connect a variable voltage source to LIN_IN and vary the voltage between
0 and 1.6V. The LED brightness varies from 100% to
0%. When the voltage input at LIN_IN is 0V, the LED
brightness is 100%.
Caution: Avoid powering up the EV kit without connecting load.
Detailed Description
The MAX16802B evaluation kit is a current-controlled,
high-output-current LED driver capable of supplying
constant currents up to 750mA, irrespective of supply
voltage variations.
This EV kit is based on a discontinuous current mode
(DCM) buck-boost converter operating at 262kHz to
deliver a finite amount of energy to the output every
cycle. The amount of this energy depends primarily on
the value of the inductor and the user-programmable
peak inductor current and does not depend on the supply voltage. Due to this configuration, the power output
of the EV kit, and thus the output current supplied to the
LED at a given LED operating voltage, becomes independent of the supply voltage.
This EV kit is designed to drive LED loads capable of
taking up to 750mA of maximum current at a 12V operating voltage. If an LED load with lower operating voltage
is used, then the maximum output current will increase
by the same ratio to maintain the output power constant.
To drive an LED array with a different operating voltage,
the value of the current-sense resistor needs to be
adjusted. Calculation of the current-sense resistor for a
different output operating voltage is explained in later
sections.
Input Supply UVLO
Input supply UVLO is implemented by using a resistor
network that combines R3 and R4, which senses the
input supply voltage and uses the EN pin to turn on the
circuit when the input supply voltage goes above
10.8V. The wake-up threshold of EN is 1.23V when the
voltage at EN is rising, and it has a hysteresis of 50mV.
Once the device is turned on, due to the hysteresis, the
device turns off only if the input supply voltage goes
below 10.4V.
The UVLO threshold can be adjusted by varying R1 or
R2 using the equation below:
where V
UVLO
is the desired UVLO threshold. To main-
tain threshold accuracy, keep the value of R4 less than
100kΩ.
Component Suppliers
Note: Indicate you are using the MAX16802B when contacting these manufacturers.
V
⎛
R
UVLO
3
⎜
⎝
123
.
⎞
R
14=−
×
⎟
⎠
SUPPLIERPHONEFAXWEBSITE
Central Semiconductor631-435-1110631-435-3388www.centralsemi.com
Susumu Co Ltd.208-328-0307208-328-0308www.susumu-usa.com
TDK847-390-4373847-390-4428www.component.tdk.com
Vishay402-563-6866402-563-6296www.vishay.com
Output Overvoltage Protection
The maximum voltage at the positive pin of VLED with
respect to GND is limited to 45V by a feedback network
formed by R1 and R2, which is connected to the FB pin
of the MAX16802B. If the EV kit is turned on with no load
or if the LED connection opens, the voltage at the positive pin of VLED may rise to unsafe levels. This condition
is sensed by the internal error amplifier, which reduces
the peak inductor current to limit the voltage at the positive pin of VLED to 45V. Even if this protection is present,
it is recommended to connect the specified load before
powering up the EV kit.
PWM Dimming
The PWM dimming is for controlling the LED brightness
by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM input signal
connected to the PWM_IN input. A HIGH at PWM_IN
input turns off the LED current and LOW turns on the
LED current. Connect a signal with peak amplitude
between 1.5V to 5.0V and with frequency between
100Hz to 1000Hz and vary the duty cycle to adjust the
LED brightness. Frequencies lower than 100Hz can
introduce flickering in the light output. LED brightness
reduces when duty cycle is increased and vice-versa.
When the PWM duty cycle is 0%, the LED brightness
will be 100%.
Linear Dimming
The linear dimming is for controlling the LED brightness
by varying the amplitude of the voltage connected to
the LIN_IN input. The voltage at the LIN_IN input modulates the current-sense signal and makes the MOSFET
trip at a different current level. This process, in turn,
changes the output current and thus controls the LED
brightness. Since the LED is continuously on at all
brightness levels, flickering effect is not present with
linear dimming. Vary the LIN_IN voltage between 0 and
1.6V to adjust LED brightness from 100% to 0%. LED
brightness reduces when the voltage at LIN_IN is
increased and vice-versa. When the voltage at LIN_IN
is 0V the LED brightness is 100%.
Adjusting the Output Power
To change the maximum output power of the EV kit
from 12V at 750mA to a different level, adjust the value
of the current-sense resistor, R9, using the following
equations. Note that the maximum output current of the
EV kit is limited to 750mA, the maximum output voltage
is limited to 15V, and the maximum output power is limited to 8.25W.
Initially calculate the approximate optimum ON duty
cycle required at the minimum input voltage:
where V
INMIN
is the minimum input supply voltage,
V
LED
is the LED operating voltage, I
LED
is the desired
LED current and VDis the forward voltage of D2.
Calculate the approximate required peak inductor current:
where kfis a noncritical “fudge factor” set equal to 1.1
for this circuit.
Calculate the approximate required inductor value and
choose the closest standard value smaller than the calculated value:
where L is the inductance value of inductor L1, and f
SW
is the switching frequency equal to 262kHz.
Power transferred to the output circuit by the flyback
process is:
Power consumed by the output circuit is:
Conservation of power requires that the above two
equations can be equated and solved for a more precise value of the required peak inductor current.
Set the value of the current-sense resistor, R9, based
on the I
PEAK
value using the following equation:
where 0.292V is the current-sense trip threshold voltage. R7 and R8 form a voltage-divider, which scales
down the voltage across the current-sense resistor
before reaching the current-sense pin of the device.
Jumper Selection
Keep jumper J1 closed when PWM dimming is not
used. Keep jumper J2 closed when linear dimming is
not used.
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 _____________________ 5
Figure 2. MAX16802B EV Kit Component Placement Guide—
Component Side
Figure 3. MAX16802B EV Kit PC Board Layout—Component
Side
Figure 4. MAX16802B EV Kit PC Board Layout—Solder Side
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642,
or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
General Description
The MAX16801A/B/MAX16802A/B high-brightness (HB)
LED driver-control ICs contain all the circuitry required
for the design of wide-input-voltage-range LED drivers
for general lighting and display applications. The
MAX16801 is well suited for universal input (rectified
85VAC to 265VAC) LED drivers, while the MAX16802 is
intended for low-input-voltage (10.8VDC to 24VDC) LED
drivers.
When the LED current needs to be tightly regulated, an
additional on-board error amplifier with 1% accurate reference can be utilized. A wide dimming range can be
implemented by using low-frequency PWM dimming.
The MAX16801/MAX16802 feature an input undervoltage
lockout (UVLO) for programming the input-supply start
voltage, and to ensure proper operation during brownout
conditions. The MAX16801 has an internal-bootstrap
undervoltage lockout circuit with a large hysteresis that
simplifies offline LED driver designs. The MAX16802 does
not have this internal bootstrap circuit and can be biased
directly from a +12V rail.
The 262kHz fixed switching frequency is internally
trimmed, allowing for optimization of the magnetic and filter components, resulting in a compact, cost-effective
LED driver. The MAX16801A/MAX16802A are offered with
50% maximum duty cycle. The MAX16801B/MAX16802B
are offered with 75% maximum duty cycle. These devices
are available in an 8-pin µMAX
®
package and operate
over the -40°C to +85°C temperature range.
Applications
Features
♦ Suitable for Buck, Boost, Flyback, SEPIC, and
Other Topologies
♦ Up to 50W or Higher Output Power
♦ Universal Offline Input Voltage Range: Rectified
85VAC to 265VAC (MAX16801)
♦ IN Pin Directly Driven From 10.8VDC to 24VDC
Input (MAX16802)
♦ Internal Error Amplifier with 1% Accurate
Reference for Precise LED Current Regulation
♦ PWM or Linear Dimming
♦ Fixed Switching Frequency of 262kHz ±12%
♦ Thermal Shutdown
♦ Digital Soft-Start
♦ Programmable Input Startup Voltage
♦ Internal Bootstrap UVLO with Large Hysteresis
(VIN= +12V (MAX16801: VINmust first be brought up to +23.6V for startup), 10nF bypass capacitors at IN and VCC, C
NDRV
= 0µF,
V
UVLO
= +1.4V, V
DIM/FB
= +1.0V, COMP = unconnected, VCS= 0V, TA= -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are
at T
A
= +25°C.) (Note 1)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Note 1: All devices are 100% tested at TA= +85°C. All limits over temperature are guaranteed by characterization.
Note 2: V
REF
is measured with DIM/FB connected to the COMP pin (see the Functional Diagram).
Note 3: The MAX16801 is intended for use in universal input offline drivers. The internal clamp circuit is used to prevent the boot-
strap capacitor (C1 in Figure 5) from charging to a voltage beyond the absolute maximum rating of the device when
EN/UVLO is low. The maximum current to IN (hence to clamp) when UVLO is low (device in shutdown), must be externally
limited to 2mA (max). Clamp currents higher than 2mA may result in clamp voltage higher than +30V, thus exceeding the
absolute maximum rating for IN. For the MAX16802, do not exceed the +24V maximum operating voltage of the device.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VIN= +12V (MAX16801: VINmust first be brought up to +23.6V for startup), 10nF bypass capacitors at IN and VCC, C
NDRV
= 0µF,
V
UVLO
= +1.4V, V
DIM/FB
= +1.0V, COMP = unconnected, VCS= 0V, TA= -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are
at T
A
= +25°C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
CURRENT-SENSE COMPARATOR
Current-Sense Trip ThresholdV
CS
320mV
CS Input Bias CurrentI
CS
VCS = 0V-2+2µA
Propagation Delay From
Comparator Input to NDRV
t
PWM
50mV overdrive60ns
Switching Frequencyf
SW
290kHz
MAX1680_A50
Maximum Duty CycleD
MAX
MAX1680_B7576
%
IN CLAMP VOLTAGE
IN Clamp VoltageV
INC
2mA sink current, MAX16801 only (Note 3)
V
ERROR AMPLIFIER
Voltage GainR
LOAD
= 100kΩ80dB
Unity-Gain BandwidthR
LOAD
= 100kΩ, C
LOAD
= 200pF2
Phase MarginR
LOAD
= 100kΩ, C
LOAD
= 200pF65
DIM/FB Input Offset Voltage3mV
High2.23.5
COMP Clamp Voltage
Low0.41.1
V
Source Current0.5mA
Sink Current0.5mA
Reference VoltageV
REF
(Note 2)
V
Input Bias Current50nA
COMP Short-Circuit Current8mA
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
Thermal-Shutdown Temperature
°C
Thermal Hysteresis25°C
DIGITAL SOFT-START
Soft-Start Duration
Clock
Reference Voltage Steps During
Soft-Start
31
Reference Voltage Step40mV
SYMBOL
MINTYPMAXUNITS
262291
230262
24.126.129.0
1.2181.2301.242
130
15,872
50.5
MHz
D eg r ees
cycles
Steps
MAX16801A/B/MAX16802A/B
Offline and DC-DC PWM Controllers for
High-Brightness LED Drivers
The MAX16801/MAX16802 family of devices is intended for constant current drive of high-brightness (HB)
LEDs used in general lighting and display applications.
They are specifically designed for use in isolated and
nonisolated circuit topologies such as buck, boost, flyback, and SEPIC, operating in continuous or discontinuous mode. Current mode control is implemented with
an internally trimmed, fixed 262kHz switching frequency. A bootstrap UVLO with a large hysteresis (11.9V),
very low startup current, and low operating current
result in an efficient universal-input LED driver. In addition to the internal bootstrap UVLO, these devices also
offer programmable input startup voltage programmed
through the UVLO/EN pin. The MAX16801 is well suited
for universal AC input (rectified 85VAC to 265VAC) drivers. The MAX16802 is well suited for low input voltage
(10.8VDC to 24VDC) applications.
The MAX16801/MAX16802 regulate the LED current by
monitoring current through the external MOSFET cycle
by cycle.
Offline and DC-DC PWM Controllers for
High-Brightness LED Drivers
Error-Amplifier Output. Connect the compensation components between DIM/FB and COMP in highaccuracy LED current regulation.
4CS
Current-Sense Connection for Current Regulation. Connect to high side of sense resistor. An RC filter
may be necessary to eliminate leading-edge spikes.
5GNDPower-Supply Ground
6NDRVExternal n-Channel MOSFET Gate Connection
7V
CC
Gate-Drive Supply. Internally regulated down from IN. Decouple with a 10nF or larger capacitor to GND.
8IN
IC Supply. Decouple with a 10nF or larger capacitor to GND. For bootstrapped operation (MAX16801),
connect a startup resistor from the input supply line to IN. Connect the bias winding supply to this point
(see Figure 5). For the MAX16802, connect IN directly to a +10.8V to +24V supply.
When in the bootstrapped mode with a transformer
(Figure 5), the circuit is protected against most output
short-circuit faults when the tertiary voltage drops
below +10V, causing the UVLO to turn off the gate
drive of the external MOSFET. This re-initiates a startup
sequence with soft-start.
When the LED current needs to be tightly regulated, an
internal error amplifier with 1% accurate reference can
be used (Figure 9). This additional feedback minimizes
the impact of passive circuit component variations and
tolerances, and can be implemented with a minimum
number of additional external components.
A wide dimming range can be implemented using a
low-frequency PWM dimming signal fed directly to the
DIM/FB pin.
LED driver circuits designed with the MAX16801 use a
high-value startup resistor R1 that charges a reservoir
capacitor C1 (Figure 5 or Figure 9). During this initial
period, while the voltage is less than the internal bootstrap UVLO threshold, the device typically consumes
only 45µA of quiescent current. This low startup current
and the large bootstrap UVLO hysteresis help minimize
the power dissipation across R1, even at the high end
of the universal AC input voltage.
An internal shutdown circuit protects the device whenever the junction temperature exceeds +130°C (typ).
Dimming
Linear dimming can be implemented by creating a
summing node at CS, as shown in Figures 6 and 7.
Low-frequency PWM (chopped-current) dimming is
possible by applying an inverted-logic PWM signal to
the DIM/FB pin of the IC (Figure 8). This might be a preferred way of dimming in situations where it is critical to
retain the light spectrum unchanged. It is accomplished by keeping constant the amplitude of the
chopped LED current.
MAX16801/MAX16802 Biasing
Implement bootstrapping from the transformer when it
is present (Figure 5). Biasing can also be realized
directly from the LEDs in non-isolated topologies
(Figure 1).
Bias the MAX16802 directly from the input voltage of
Figure 1. Biasing the IC using LEDs in Nonisolated Flyback Driver
in applications with higher input DC voltages by implementing resistor-Zener bias (Figure 2a) or transistorZener-resistor bias (Figure 2b).
MAX16801/MAX16802 Undervoltage
Lockout
The MAX16801/MAX16802 have an input voltage
UVLO/EN pin. The threshold of this UVLO is +1.28V.
Before any operation can commence, the voltage on
this pin has to exceed +1.28V. The UVLO circuit keeps
the CPWM comparator, ILIM comparator, oscillator,
and output driver in shutdown to reduce current consumption (see the Functional Diagram). Use this UVLO
function to program the input start voltage. Calculate
the divider resistor values, R2 and R3 (Figure 5), by
using the following formulas:
The value of R3 is calculated to minimize the voltagedrop error across R2 as a result of the input bias current of the UVLO/EN pin. V
ULR2
= +1.28V, I
UVLO
=
50nA (max), VINis the value of the input-supply voltage
where the power supply must start.
where I
UVLO
is the UVLO/EN pin input current, and
V
ULR2
is the UVLO/EN wake-up threshold.
MAX16801 Bootstrap Undervoltage
Lockout
In addition to the externally programmable UVLO function offered in both the MAX16801/MAX16802, the
MAX16801 has an additional internal bootstrap UVLO
that is very useful when designing high-voltage LED
drivers (see the Functional Diagram). This allows the
device to bootstrap itself during initial power-up. The
MAX16801 attempts to start when VINexceeds the
bootstrap UVLO threshold of +23.6V. During startup,
the UVLO circuit keeps the CPWM comparator, ILIM
comparator, oscillator, and output driver shut down to
reduce current consumption. Once VINreaches
+23.6V, the UVLO circuit turns on both the CPWM and
ILIM comparators, as well as the oscillator, and allows
the output driver to switch. If VINdrops below +9.7V,
the UVLO circuit will shut down the CPWM comparator,
ILIM comparator, oscillator, and output driver thereby
returning the MAX16801 to the startup mode.
MAX16801 Startup Operation
In isolated LED driver applications, VINcan be derived
from a tertiary winding of a transformer. However, at
startup there is no energy delivered through the transformer. Therefore, a special bootstrap sequence is
required. Figure 3 shows the voltages on IN and V
CC
during startup. Initially, both VINand VCCare 0V. After
the line voltage is applied, C1 charges through the
startup resistor R1 to an intermediate voltage. At this
point, the internal regulator begins charging C2 (see
Figure 5). The MAX16801 uses only 45µA of the current
supplied by R1, and the remaining input current
charges C1 and C2. The charging of C2 stops when
the VCCvoltage reaches approximately +9.5V, while
the voltage across C1 continues rising until it reaches
R
VV
V
R
INULR
ULR
23
2
2
=×
−
R
VV
IVV
ULRIN
UVLO INULR
3
500
2
2
≅
×
×
()
−
MAX16801A/B/MAX16802A/B
Offline and DC-DC PWM Controllers for
High-Brightness LED Drivers
Figure 2. (a) Resistor-Zener and (b) Transistor-Zener-Resistor Bias Arrangements
the wake-up level of +23.6V. Once VINexceeds the
bootstrap UVLO threshold, NDRV begins switching the
MOSFET and transfers energy to the secondary and
tertiary outputs. If the voltage on the tertiary output
builds to a value higher than +9.7V (the bootstrap
UVLO lower threshold), then startup has been accomplished and sustained operation commences.
If VINdrops below +9.7V before startup is complete,
the device goes back to low-current UVLO. In this
case, increase C1 in order to store enough energy to
allow for the voltage at the tertiary winding to build up.
Soft-Start
The MAX16801/MAX16802 soft-start feature allows the
LED current to ramp up in a controlled manner. Softstart begins after UVLO deasserts. The voltage applied
to the noninverting node of the amplifier ramps from 0
to +1.23V over a 60ms soft-start timeout period. Figure
4 shows a typical 0.5A output current during startup.
Note the staircase increase of the LED current. This is a
result of the digital soft-starting technique used. Unlike
other devices, the reference voltage to the internal
amplifier is soft-started. This method results in superior
control of the LED current.
n-Channel MOSFET Switch Driver
The NDRV pin drives an external n-channel MOSFET.
The NDRV output is supplied by the internal regulator
(VCC), which is internally set to approximately +9.5V.
For the universal input voltage and applications with a
transformer, the MOSFET used must be able to withstand the DC level of the high-line input voltage plus
the reflected voltage at the primary of the transformer.
For most offline applications that use the discontinuous
flyback topology, this requires a MOSFET rated at
600V. NDRV can source/sink in excess of the
650mA/1000mA peak current. Select a MOSFET that
yields acceptable conduction and switching losses.
Internal Error Amplifier
The MAX16801/MAX16802 include an internal error
amplifier that can be used to regulate the LED current
very accurately. For example, see the nonisolated
power supply in Figure 5. Calculate the LED current
using the following equation:
where V
REF
= +1.23V. The amplifier’s noninverting
input is internally connected to a digital soft-start circuit
that gradually increases the reference voltage during
startup and is applied to this pin. This forces the LED
current to come up in an orderly and well-defined manner under all conditions.
The IN bypass capacitor C1 supplies current immediately after wake-up (Figure 5). The size of C1 and the
connection configuration of the tertiary winding determine the number of cycles available for startup. Large
values of C1 increase the startup time but also supply
gate charge for more cycles during initial startup. If the
value of C1 is too small, VINdrops below +9.7V
because NDRV does not have enough time to switch
and build up sufficient voltage across the tertiary winding that powers the device. The device goes back into
UVLO and does not start. Use low-leakage capacitors
for C1 and C2.
Assuming that offline LED drivers keep typical startup
times to less than 500ms even in low-line conditions
(85VAC input for universal offline applications), size the
startup resistor R1 to supply both the maximum startup
bias of the device (90µA, worst case) and the charging
current for C1 and C2. The bypass capacitor C2 must
charge to +9.5V and C1 to +24V, all within the desired
time period of 500ms.
Because of the internal 60ms soft-start time of the
MAX16801, C1 must store enough charge to deliver
current to the device for at least this much time. To calculate the approximate amount of capacitance
required, use the following formula:
where IINis the MAX16801’s internal supply current
after startup (1.4mA), Q
gtot
is the total gate charge for
Q1, fSWis the MAX16801’s switching frequency
(262kHz), V
HYST
is the bootstrap UVLO hysteresis
(11.9V) and tSSis the internal soft-start time (60ms).
For example:
Choose the 15µF standard value.
Assuming C1 > C2, calculate the value of R1 as follows:
where V
IN(MIN)
is the minimum input supply voltage for
the application, V
SUVR
is the bootstrap UVLO wake-up
level (+23.6V, max), and I
START
is the IN supply current
at startup (90µA, max).
For example, for the minimum AC input of 85V:
Choose the 120kΩ standard value.
Choose a higher value for R1 than the one calculated
above if longer startup time can be tolerated in order to
minimize power loss on this resistor.
The above startup method is applicable to a circuit similar to the one shown in Figure 5. In this circuit, the tertiary winding has the same phase as the output
windings. Thus, the voltage on the tertiary winding at
any given time is proportional to the output voltage and
goes through the same soft-start period as the output
voltage. The minimum discharge voltage of C1 from
+22V to +10V must be greater than the soft-start time of
60ms.
Another method of bootstrapping the circuit is to have a
separate bias winding than the one used for regulating
the output voltage and to connect the bias winding so
that it is in phase with the MOSFET ON time (see Figure
9). In this case, the amount of capacitance required is
much smaller.
However, in this mode, the input voltage range has to
be less than 2:1. Another consideration is whether the
bias winding is in phase with the output. If so, the LED
driver circuit hiccups and soft-starts under output shortcircuit conditions. However, this property is lost if the
bias winding is in phase with the MOSFET ON time.
Figure 5. Offline, Nonisolated, Flyback LED Driver with Programmable Input-Supply Start Voltage
Application Circuits
Figure 5 shows an offline application of an HB LED driver using the MAX16801. The use of transformer T1
allows significant design flexibility. Use the internal
error amplifier for a very accurate LED current control.
Figure 6 shows a discontinuous flyback LED driver with
linear dimming capability. The total LED voltage can be
lower or higher than the input voltage.
Figure 7 shows a continuous-conduction-mode HB LED
buck driver with linear dimming and just a few external
components.
Figure 8 shows an offline isolated flyback HB LED driver with low-frequency PWM using MAX16801. The
PWM signal needs to be inverted (see the FunctionalDiagram). Transformer T1 provides full safety isolation
and operation from universal AC line (85VAC to
265VAC).
MAX16801A/B/MAX16802A/B
Offline and DC-DC PWM Controllers for
High-Brightness LED Drivers
For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the
package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the
package regardless of RoHS status.
PACKAGE TYPEPACKAGE CODEDOCUMENT NO.
8 µMAX—21-0036
MAX16801A/B/MAX16802A/B
Offline and DC-DC PWM Controllers for
High-Brightness LED Drivers
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
16 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600