MAXIM MAX4554 Technical data

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General Description

The MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556 are CMOS analog ICs
configured as force-sense switches for Kelvin sensing in
automated test equipment (ATE). Each part contains
high-current, low-resistance switches for forcing current,
and higher resistance switches for sensing a voltage or
switching guard signals. The MAX4554 contains two
force switches, two sense switches, and two guard
switches configured as two triple-pole/single-throw
(3PST) normally open (NO) switches. The MAX4555 con­tains four independent single-pole/single-throw (SPST)
normally closed (NC) switches, two force switches, and
two sense switches. The MAX4556 contains three inde­pendent single-pole/double-throw (SPDT) switches, of
which one is a force switch and two are sense switches.

These devices operate from a single supply of +9V to
+40V or dual supplies of ±4.5V to ±20V. On-resistance
(6Ω max) is matched between switches to 1Ω max.
Each switch can handle Rail-to-Rail®analog signals.
The off-leakage current is only 0.25nA at +25°C and

2.5nA at +85°C. The MAX4554 is also fully specified for
+20V and -10V operation.

All digital inputs have +0.8V and +2.4V logic thresh­olds, ensuring both TTL- and CMOS-logic compatibility.

Applications

Automated Test Equipment (ATE)
Calibrators
Precision Power Supplies
Automatic Calibration Circuits
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)

with Loopback

Features

♦ 6Ω Force Signal Paths (±15V Supplies)

1Ω Force Signal Matching (±15V Supplies)

♦ 60Ω Sense-Guard Signal Paths (±15V Supplies)

8Ω Sense-Guard Signal Matching (±15V Supplies)

♦ Rail-to-Rail Signal Handling
♦ Break-Before-Make Switching (MAX4556)
♦ t

ON

and t

OFF

= 275ns (±15V Supplies)

♦ Low 1µA Power Consumption
♦ >2kV ESD Protection per Method 3015.7
♦ TTL/CMOS-Compatible Inputs

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

________________________________________________________________

Maxim Integrated Products

1

TOP VIEW

16
15
14
13
12
11
10

9

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

MAX4554

DIP/SO

COMG
COMS
COMF*
V+
VL
IN1
IN2
EN

V-

NOF1*

NOS1

NOG1

NOG2

NOS2

NOF2*

GND

MAX4554

NOTE: SWITCH POSITIONS SHOWN WITH IN_ = LOW
*INDICATES HIGH-CURRENT, LOW-RESISTANCE FORCE SWITCH
X = DON’T CARE

EN

IN1 IN2 COMG COMS COMF*

1
0
0
0

X
0
0
1

X
0
1
0

OFF

OFF
NOG2
NOG1

OFF

OFF
NOS2
NOS1

OFF

OFF
NOF2*
NOF1*

NOG1

&

NOG2

NOS1

&

NOS2

NOF1*

&

NOF2*

1

10

19-1358; Rev 0; 4/98

PART

MAX4554CPE

MAX4554CSE 0°C to +70°C

0°C to +70°C

TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE

16 Plastic DIP
16 Narrow SO

Ordering Information continued at end of data sheet.

*

Contact factory for availability.

Pin Configurations/Functional Diagrams/Truth Tables

Ordering Information

Rail-to-Rail is a registered trademark of Nippon Motorola Ltd.

MAX4554C/D
MAX4554EPE -40°C to +85°C

0°C to +70°C Dice*

16 Plastic DIP

MAX4554ESE -40°C to +85°C 16 Narrow SO

MAX4555/MAX4556 shown at end of data sheet.

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

2 _______________________________________________________________________________________

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX4554 (+20V, -10V Supplies)

(V+ = +20V, V- = -10V, VL = 5V, GND = 0V, V

IN_H

= 2.4V, V

IN_L

= 0.8V, TA= T

MIN

to T

MAX

, unless otherwise noted. Typical values

are at T

A

= +25°C.)

Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

Note 1: Signals on analog or digital pins exceeding V+ or V- are clamped by internal diodes. Limit forward diode current to maxi-

mum current rating.

(Voltages referenced to GND)

V+...........................................................................-0.3V to +44V

V-............................................................................-25V to +0.3V

V+ to V-...................................................................-0.3V to +44V

All Other Pins (Note 1)..........................(V- - 0.3V) to (V+ + 0.3V)

Continuous Current into Force Terminals.......................±100mA

Continuous Current into Any Other Terminal....................±30mA

Peak Current into Force Terminals

(pulsed at 1ms, 10% duty cycle).................................±300mA

Peak Current into Any Other Terminal

(pulsed at 1ms, 10% duty cycle).................................±100mA

ESD per Method 3015.7 ..................................................>2000V

Continuous Power Dissipation (T

A

= +70°C)

Plastic DIP (derate 10.53mW/°C above +70°C) ...........842mW

Narrow SO (derate 8.7mW/°C above +70°C) ...............696mW

Operating Temperature Ranges

MAX455_C_ E......................................................0°C to +70°C

MAX455_E_ E ...................................................-40°C to +85°C

Storage Temperature Range.............................-65°C to +150°C

Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec).............................+300°C

60Ω ANALOG SWITCH (SENSE-GUARD)

6Ω ANALOG SWITCH (FORCE)

+25°C

+25°C
C, E
+25°C
C, E
+25°C

3.5 6

On-Resistance Match
(Note 4)

0.4 1

∆R

ON

1.5

Ω

On-Resistance Flatness
(Note 5)

0.5 1.5

R

FLAT(ON)

2.0

Ω

NOF_ Off-Leakage Current

-0.25 0.03 0.25

V

COMF

= 10V, I

COMF

= 10mA

V

COMF

= +5V, 0V, -5V;

I

COMF

= 10mA

T

A

C, E

PARAMETER SYMBOL

MIN TYP MAX

(Note 2)

UNITS

C, E

On-Resistance R

ON

7

+25°C
C, E
+25°C
C, E

Analog Signal Range

V

COMF

,

V

NOF_

V- V+ V

34 60

On-Resistance R

ON

70

Ω

5 8

On-Resistance Match
(Note 4)

∆R

ON

10

Ω

V

COM_

= 10V, I

COM_

= 1mA

V

COM_

= 10V, I

COM_

= 1mA

C, E
+25°C
C, E
C, E

C, E

Ω

I

COMF(OFF)

-2.5 2.5

nA

COMF On-Leakage Current

-0.5 0.06 0.5

V

COMF

= 10V, I

COMF

= 10mA

I

COMF(ON)

-10 10

nA

Charge Injection Q 80 pC

CONDITIONS

Analog Signal Range

V

COMS

,

V

COMG

,

V

NOS_

,

V

NOG_

V- V+ V

V+ = 22V, V- = -11V,
V

COMF

= ±10V, V

NOF_

= 10V

V+ = 22V, V- = -11V,
V

COMF

= ±10V

V

COMF

= 0, Figure 13

(Note 3)

C, E
+25°C

COMF Off-Leakage Current

I

NOF_(OFF)

-2.5 2.5

(Note 3)

nA

-0.5 0.03 0.5

V+ = 22V, V- = -11V,
V

COMF

= ±10V, V

NOF_

= 10V

±

±

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX4554 (+20V, -10V Supplies) (continued)

(V+ = +20V, V- = -10V, VL = 5V, GND = 0V, V

IN_H

= 2.4V, V

IN_L

= 0.8V, TA= T

MIN

to T

MAX

, unless otherwise noted. Typical values

are at T

A

= +25°C.)

SWITCH DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

LOGIC INPUT

+25°C

COMS, COMG
On-Capacitance

C

ON

30 pF

V

COMS, VCOMG

= GND; f = 1MHz;

Figure 14

+25°CCOMF On-Capacitance C

ON

130 pFV

COMF

= GND, f = 1MHz, Figure 14

+25°COff Isolation (Force) V

ISO

-30 dB

R

IN_

= 50Ω, R

OUT

= 50Ω, f = 1MHz,

V

COM_

= 100mV

RMS

, Figure 15

+25°C
C, E

170 275

Enable Time Off

+25°C
C, E

t

EN

350

375 500

ns

Enable Time On t

EN

600

ns

V

COM_

= 10V, Figure 11

V

COM_

= 10V, Figure 11

+25°C
C, E

130 300

Turn-Off Time
(Sense-Guard)

+25°C
C, E

t

OFF

350

130 300

ns

Turn-Off Time (Force) t

OFF

350

ns

V

COMS, VCOMG

= 10V; RL= 1kΩ;

Figure 10

V

COMF

= 3V, RL= 300Ω,

Figure 10

+25°C
C, E

150 300

Turn-On Time
(Sense-Guard)

t

ON

350

ns

V

COMS, VCOMG

= 10V; RL= 1kΩ;

Figure 10

+25°C

+25°C

COMS, COMG
Off-Capacitance

C

OFF

15 pF

Total Harmonic Distortion
(Force)

THD 0.007 %

V

COMS, VCOMG

= GND; f = 1MHz;

Figure 14

C, E

IN_, EN Input Current Logic

High or Low

I

IN_H

, I

IN_L

,

I

ENH

, I

ENL

-0.5 0.03 0.5 µAV

IN_

= VEN= 0 or VL

C, E

IN_, EN Input Logic
Threshold Low

V

IN_L

,

V

ENL

0.8 1.6 V

+25°C
C, E

+25°C
+25°C
+25°C

150 300

Turn-On Time (Force) t

ON

350

ns

NOF_ Off-Capacitance C

OFF

22 pF

NOS_, NOG_
Off-Capacitance

C

OFF

7 pF

COMF Off-Capacitance C

OFF

50 pF

V

COMF

= 3V, RL= 300Ω,

Figure 10

V

NOF

= GND, f = 1MHz, Figure 14

V

NOS_, VNOG_

= GND; f = 1MHz;

Figure 14
V

COMF

= GND, f = 1MHz, Figure 14

C, E
+25°C
C, E
+25°C

C, E

I

COMS(OFF)

,

I

COMG(OFF)

-2.5 2.5

nA

COMS, COMG On-Leakage
Current

-0.5 0.04 0.5

I

COMS(ON)

,

I

COMG(ON)

-5.0 5.0

nA

Charge Injection Q 6 pC

IN_, EN Input Logic
Threshold High

V

IN_H

,

V

ENH

1.6 2.4 V

V+ = 22V; V- = -11V; V

COM_

= ±10V;

V

NOS_, VNOG_

= ±10V

V+ = 22V, V- = -11V, V

COM_

= ±10V

V

COM_

= 0, Figure 13

C, E
+25°C

COMS, COMG Off-Leakage
Current

I

NOS_(OFF)

,

I

NOG_(OFF)

-2.5 2.5

nA

-0.25 0.02 0.25

V+ = 22V; V- = -11V; V

COM_

= ±10V;

V

NOS_, VNOG_

= ±10V

+25°C
C, E
+25°C

On-Resistance Flatness
(Note 5)

3.5 9

R

FLAT(ON)

10

Ω

NOS_, NOG_ Off-Leakage
Current

-0.25 0.02 0.25

V

COM_

= +5V, 0V, -5V;

I

COM_

= 10mA

T

A

PARAMETER SYMBOL

MIN TYP MAX

(Note 2)

UNITSCONDITIONS

SWITCH DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

4 _______________________________________________________________________________________

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX4554 (+20V, -10V Supplies) (continued)

(V+ = +20V, V- = -10V, VL = 5V, GND = 0V, V

IN_H

= 2.4V, V

IN_L

= 0.8V, TA= T

MIN

to T

MAX

, unless otherwise noted. Typical values

are at T

A

= +25°C.)

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX4554 (±15V Supplies)

(V+ = +15V, V- = -15V, VL = 5V, GND = 0V, V

IN_H

= 2.4V, V

IN_L

= 0.8V, TA= T

MIN

to T

MAX

, unless otherwise noted. Typical values

are at T

A

= +25°C.)

POWER SUPPLY

+25°C

+25°C
C, E
+25°C
C, E
+25°C

-1.0 1.0

V- Supply Current

-1.0 1.0

I-

-5.0 5.0

µA

VL Supply Current

-1.0 1.0

I

L+

-5.0 5.0

µA

Ground Current

-1.0 1.0

V+ = 22V; V- = -11V;
V

EN, VIN_

= 0 or VL

V+ = 22V; V- = -11V;
V

EN, VIN_

= 0 or VL

T

A

C, E

PARAMETER SYMBOL

MIN TYP MAX

(Note 2)

UNITS

C, E

V+ Supply Current I+

-5.0 5.0

Power-Supply Range V+, VL, V-

±4.5 ±20 V

µA

V+ = 22V; V- = -11V;
V

EN, VIN_

= 0 or VL

CONDITIONS

C, E

I

GND

-5.0 5.0

VL ≥ 4.5V

µA

V+ = 22V; V- = -11V;
V

EN, VIN_

= 0 or VL

60Ω ANALOG SWITCH (SENSE-GUARD)

6Ω ANALOG SWITCH (FORCE)

+25°C

+25°C
C, E
+25°C
C, E
+25°C

4 6

On-Resistance Match
(Note 4)

0.5 1

∆R

ON

1.5

Ω

On-Resistance Flatness
(Note 5)

0.1 1

R

FLAT(ON)

1.5

Ω

NOF_ Off-Leakage Current

-0.25 0.03 0.25

V

COMF

= ±10V, I

COMF

= 10mA

V

COMF

= +5V, 0V, -5V;

I

COMF

= 10mA

T

A

C, E

PARAMETER SYMBOL

MIN TYP MAX

(Note 2)

UNITS

C, E

On-Resistance R

ON

7

+25°C
C, E

Analog Signal Range

V

COMF

,

V

NOF_

V- V+ V

38 60

On-Resistance R

ON

70

ΩV

COM_

= ±10V, I

COM_

= 1mA

C, E
+25°C
C, E
+25°C

C, E

Ω

I

COMF(OFF)

-5.0 5.0

nA

COMF On-Leakage Current

-0.5 0.06 0.5

V

COMF

= ±10V, I

COMF

= 10mA

I

COMF(ON)

-10 10

nA

Charge Injection Q 100 pC

CONDITIONS

Analog Signal Range

V

COMS

,

V

COMG

,

V

NOS_

,

V

NOG_

V- V+ V

V+ = 16.5V, V- = -16.5V,
V

COMF

= ±10V, V

NOF_

= 10V

V+ = 16.5V, V- = -16.5V,
V

COMF

= ±10V

V

COMF

= 0, Figure 13

(Note 3)

C, E
+25°C

COMF Off-Leakage Current

I

NOF_(OFF)

-2.5 2.5

(Note 3)

nA

-0.5 0.03 0.5

V+ = 16.5V, V- = -16.5V,
V

COMF

= ±10V, V

NOF_

= 10V

±

±

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX4554 (±15V Supplies) (continued)

(V+ = +15V, V- = -15V, VL = 5V, GND = 0V, V

IN_H

= 2.4V, V

IN_L

= 0.8V, TA= T

MIN

to T

MAX

, unless otherwise noted. Typical values

are at T

A

= +25°C.)

SWITCH DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

LOGIC INPUT

+25°C
C, E

On-Resistance Flatness
(Note 5)

1.5 5

R

FLAT(ON)

6

ΩV

COM_

= +5V, 0V, -5V; I

COM_

= 1mA

+25°C
C, E

+25°C

On-Resistance Match
(Note 4)

5 9

∆R

ON

10

Ω

NOS_, NOG Off-Leakage
Current

-0.25 0.01 0.25

V

COM_

= ±10V, I

COM_

= 1mA

T

A

+25°C
C, E

170 300

Enable Time Off

+25°C
C, E

t

EN

400

310 500

ns

Enable Time On t

EN

600

ns

V

COM_

= ±10V, RL= 300Ω,

Figure 11

PARAMETER SYMBOL

MIN TYP MAX

(Note 2)

UNITS

V

COM_

= ±10V, RL= 300Ω,

Figure 11

+25°C
C, E

135 225

Turn-Off Time
(Sense-Guard)

+25°C
C, E

t

OFF

275

170 275

ns

Turn-Off Time (Force) t

OFF

325

ns

V

COM_

= ±10V, RL= 1kΩ,

Figure 10

V

COM_

= ±10V, RL= 300Ω,

Figure 10

+25°C
C, E

135 225

Turn-On Time
(Sense-Guard)

+25°C

COMS, COMG
Off-Capacitance

C

OFF

9 pF

+25°C
C, E

+25°C
+25°C

V

COMS_, VCOMG

_= GND; f = 1MHz;

Figure 14

C, E

IN_, EN Input Current Logic
High or Low

+25°C

t

ON

275

135 275

ns

Turn-On Time (Force) t

ON

325

ns

NOF_ Off-Capacitance C

OFF

22 pF

NOS_, NOG_
Off-Capacitance

C

OFF

9 pF

COMF Off-Capacitance C

OFF

29 pF

V

COM_

= ±10V, RL= 1kΩ,

Figure 10

V

COM_

= ±10V, RL= 300Ω,

Figure 10

V

NOF

= GND, f = 1MHz, Figure 14

V

NOS_, VNOG_

= GND; f = 1MHz;

Figure 14

C, E
+25°C
C, E
+25°C

C, E

I

IN_H

, I

IN_L

,

I

ENH

, I

ENL

I

COMS(OFF)

,

I

COMG(OFF)

-2.5 2.5

nA

COMS, COMG On-Leakage
Current

-0.5 0.03 0.5

-0.5 0.02 0.5

µAVEN= 0 or VL

I

COMS(ON)

,

I

COMG(ON)

-5.0 5.0

nA

Charge Injection Q 4 pC

CONDITIONS

IN_, EN Input Logic
Threshold High

V

IN_H

,

V

ENH

1.6 2.4 V

V+ = 16.5V; V- = -16.5V;
V

COM_

= ±10V; V

NOS_, VNOG_

= 10V

C, E

V+ = 16.5V, V- = -16.5V,
V

COM_

= ±10V

V

COM_

= 0, Figure 13

C, E
+25°C

COMS, COMG Off-Leakage
Current

V

COMF

= GND, f = 1MHz, Figure 14

I

NOS_(OFF)

,

I

NOG_(OFF)

IN_, EN Input Logic
Threshold Low

-2.5 2.5

V

IN_L

,

V

ENL

nA

0.8 1.6

-0.25 0.01 0.25

V

V+ = 16.5V; V- = -16.5V;
V

COM_

= ±10V; V

NOS_, VNOG_

= 10V

±

±

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

6 _______________________________________________________________________________________

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX4554 (±15V Supplies) (continued)

(V+ = +15V, V- = -15V, VL = 5V, GND = 0V, V

IN_H

= 2.4V, V

IN_L

= 0.8V, TA= T

MIN

to T

MAX

, unless otherwise noted. Typical values

are at T

A

= +25°C.)

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX4555 (±15V Supplies)

(V+ = +15V, V- = -15V, VL = 5V, GND = 0V, V

IN_H

= 2.4V, V

IN_L

= 0.8V, TA= T

MIN

to T

MAX

, unless otherwise noted. Typical values

are at T

A

= +25°C.)

V+ = 16.5V, V- = -16.5V,
V

COM_

= ±10V, V

NO_

= 10V

-0.5 0.03 0.5

nA

(Note 3)

-2.5 2.5

I

NC_(OFF)

COM_ Off-Leakage Current

+25°C

C, E

V

COM_

= 0, Figure 13

V+ = 16.5V, V- = -16.5V,
V

COM_

= ±10V

V+ = 16.5V, V- = -16.5V,
V

COM_

= ±10V, V

NO_

= 10V

CONDITIONS

pC100QCharge Injection

nA

-10 10

I

COM_(ON)

V

COM_

= ±10V, I

COM_

= 10mA

-0.5 0.06 0.5

COM_ On-Leakage Current

nA

-5.0 5.0

I

COM_(OFF)

Ω

+25°C

C, E

+25°C

C, E

VV- V+V

COM_

, V

NO_

Analog Signal Range

7

R

ON

On-Resistance

C, E

UNITS

MIN TYP MAX

(Note 2)

SYMBOLPARAMETER

C, E

T

A

V

COM_

= +5V, 0V, -5V;

I

COM_

= 10mA

V

COM_

= ±10V, I

COM_

= 10mA

-0.25 0.03 0.25

NC_ Off-Leakage Current

Ω

1.5

R

FLAT(ON)

0.05 1

On-Resistance Flatness
(Note 5)

Ω

1.5

∆R

ON

0.3 1

On-Resistance Match
(Note 4)

3.8 6

+25°C

C, E

+25°C

C, E

+25°C

+25°C

6Ω ANALOG SWITCH (FORCE)

±

±

POWER SUPPLY

µA

-5.0 5.0C, E

V+ = 16.5V; V- = -16.5V;
V

EN, VIN_

= 0 or V+

µA

-5.0 5.0C, E

V+ = 16.5V; V- = -16.5V;
V

EN, VIN_

= 0 or V+

I

L+

VL Supply Current

I

GND

-1.0 0.001 1.0+25°C

Ground Current

-1.0 1.0+25°C

µA

-5.0 5.0C, E

V+ = 16.5V; V- = -16.5V;
V

EN, VIN_

= 0 or V+

I-V- Supply Current

-1.0 0.001 1.0+25°C

µA

-5.0 5.0C, E

V+ = 16.5V; V- = -16.5V;
V

EN, VIN_

= 0 or V+

I+V+ Supply Current

-1.0 0.001 1.0+25°C

V±4.5 ±20

C, EVL ≥ 4.5VV+, VL, V-Power-Supply Range

+25°CCOMF On-Capacitance C

ON

107 pF

V

COMF

= GND, f = 1MHz,

Figure 14

T

A

+25°COff Isolation (Force) V

ISO

-30 dB

R

IN_

= 50Ω, R

OUT

= 50Ω, f = 1MHz,

V

COM_

= 100mV

RMS

, Figure 15

PARAMETER SYMBOL

MIN TYP MAX

(Note 2)

UNITS

+25°C

COMS, COMG
On-Capacitance

C

ON

29 pF

V

COMS, VCOMG_

= GND; f = 1MHz;

Figure 14

CONDITIONS

+25°C

Total Harmonic Distortion
(Force)

THD 0.007 %

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX4555 (±15V Supplies) (continued)

(V+ = +15V, V- = -15V, VL = 5V, GND = 0V, V

IN_H

= 2.4V, V

IN_L

= 0.8V, TA= T

MIN

to T

MAX

, unless otherwise noted. Typical values

are at T

A

= +25°C.)

V+ = 16.5V, V- = -16.5V,
V

COM_

= ±10V, V

NO_

= 10V

-0.3 0.01 0.3

nA

(Note 3)

-2.5 2.5

I

NC_(OFF)

COM_ Off-Leakage Current

+25°C

C, E

V

COM_

= 0, Figure 13

V+ = 16.5V, V- = -16.5V,
V

NC_

= ±10V

V+ = 16.5V, V- = -16.5V,
V

COM_

= ±10V, V

NO_

= 10V

CONDITIONS

pC4QCharge Injection

nA

-5.0 5.0

I

NC_(ON)

V

COM_

= ±10V, I

COM_

= 10mA

-0.6 0.02 0.6

COM_ On-Leakage Current

nA

-2.5 2.5

I

COM_(OFF)

Ω

+25°C

C, E

+25°C

C, E

VV- V+V

COM_

, V

NO_

Analog Signal Range

45

R

ON

On-Resistance

C, E

UNITS

MIN TYP MAX

(Note 2)

SYMBOLPARAMETER

C, E

T

A

V

COM_

= +5V, 0V, -5V;

I

COM_

= 10mA

V

COM_

= ±10V, I

COM_

= 10mA

-0.3 0.01 0.3

NC_ Off-Leakage Current

Ω

6

R

FLAT(ON)

0.6 5

On-Resistance Flatness
(Note 5)

Ω

5

∆R

ON

0.6 4

On-Resistance Match
(Note 4)

15 30

+25°C

C, E

+25°C

C, E

+25°C

+25°C

V1.6 2.4V

IN_H

IN_ Input Logic Threshold
High

C, E

V0.8 1.6V

IN_L

IN_ Input Logic Threshold
Low

C, E

V

IN_

= 0.8V or 2.4V µA-0.5 0.03 0.5

I

IN_H

,

I

IN_L

IN_ Input Current Logic
High or Low

C, E

155 275+25°C

V

COM_

= ±3V, RL= 300Ω,

Figure 10

ns

325

t

ON

Turn-On Time (Force)

C, E

125 225+25°C

V

COM_

= ±10V, RL= 1kΩ,

Figure 10

ns

275

t

ON

Turn-On Time
(Sense-Guard)

C, E

125 225+25°C

190 275

V

COM_

= ±10V, RL= 1kΩ,

Figure 10

ns

+25°C

V

COM_

= ±3V, RL= 300Ω,

Figure 10

ns

325

t

OFF

Turn-Off Time (Force)

C, E

275

t

OFF

Turn-Off Time
(Sense-Guard)

C, E

29+25°C

V

COM_, VNO_

= GND; f = 1MHz;

Figure 14

pF

9

C

OFF

COM_ Off-Capacitance
(Force)

+25°C

COM_ On-Capacitance
(Sense-Guard)

C

ON

V

COM_, VNO_

= GND; f = 1MHz;

Figure 14

pF

107+25°C

V

COM_, VNO_

= GND; f = 1MHz;

Figure 14

pF

29

C

ON

COM_ On-Capacitance
(Force)

+25°C

COM_ Off-Capacitance
(Sense-Guard)

C

OFF

V

COM_, VNO_

= GND; f = 1MHz;

Figure 14

pF

30Ω ANALOG SWITCH (SENSE-GUARD)

LOGIC INPUT

SWITCH DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

±

±

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

8 _______________________________________________________________________________________

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX4555 (±15V Supplies) (continued)

(V+ = +15V, V- = -15V, VL = 5V, GND = 0V, V

IN_H

= 2.4V, V

IN_L

= 0.8V, TA= T

MIN

to T

MAX

, unless otherwise noted. Typical values

are at T

A

= +25°C.)

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX4556 (±15V Supplies)

(V+ = +15V, V- = -15V, VL = 5V, GND = 0V, V

IN_H

= 2.4V, V

IN_L

= 0.8V, TA= T

MIN

to T

MAX

, unless otherwise noted. Typical values

are at T

A

= +25°C.)

6Ω ANALOG SWITCH (FORCE)

+25°C

+25°C
C, E
+25°C
C, E
+25°C

3.8 6

On-Resistance Match
(Note 4)

0.3 1

∆R

ON

1.5

Ω

On-Resistance Flatness
(Note 5)

0.05 1

R

FLAT(ON)

1.5

Ω

NO1, NC1 Off-Leakage
Current

-0.25 0.03 0.25

V

COM1

= ±10V, I

COM1

= 10mA

V

COM1

= +5V, 0V, -5V;

I

COM1

= 10mA

T

A

C, E

PARAMETER SYMBOL

MIN TYP MAX

(Note 2)

UNITS

C, E

On-Resistance R

ON

7

Analog Signal Range

V

COM1

,

V

NO1

, V

NC1

V- V+ V

C, E
+25°C
C, E
+25°C

Ω

I

COM1(OFF)

-5.0 5.0

nA

COM1 On-Leakage Current

-0.5 0.06 0.5

V

COM1

= ±10V, I

COM1

= 10mA

I

COM1(ON)

-10 10

nA

Charge Injection Q 100 pC

CONDITIONS

V+ = 16.5V, V- = -16.5V,
V

COM1

= ±10V, V

NO1

= 10V

V+ = 16.5V, V- = -16.5V,
V

COM1

= ±10V

V

COM1

= 0, Figure 13

C, E
+25°C

COM1 Off-Leakage Current

I

NO1(OFF)

,

I

NC1(OFF)

-2.5 2.5

(Note 3)

nA

-0.5 0.03 0.5

V+ = 16.5V; V- = -16.5V;
V

COM1

= ±10V; V

NO1, VNC1

= 10V

±

±

Power-Supply Range V+, VL, V- C, E ±4.5 ±20 V

+25°C -1.0 0.001 1.0

V- Supply Current

+25°C -1.0 0.001 1.0

I-

V+ Supply Current I+

V+ = 16.5V; V- = -16.5V;
V

EN, VIN_

= 0 or V+

C, E -5.0 5.0

µA

CONDITIONS

V+ = 16.5V; V- = -16.5V;
V

EN, VIN_

= 0 or V+

C, E -5.0 5.0

µA

+25°C -1.0 0.001 1.0

Ground Current

+25°C -1.0 0.001 1.0

I

GND

VL Supply Current I

L+

V+ = 16.5V; V- = -16.5V;
V

EN, VIN_

= 0 or V+

C, E -5.0 5.0

µA

V+ = 16.5V; V- = -16.5V;
V

EN, VIN_

= 0 or V+

C, E -5.0 5.0

µA

%0.007THD

Total Harmonic Distortion
(Force)

+25°C

UNITS

MIN TYP MAX

(Note 2)

SYMBOLPARAMETER

R

IN

= 50Ω, R

OUT

= 50Ω, f = 1MHz,

V

COM_

= 100mV

RMS

, Figure 15

dB-38V

ISO

Off Isolation (Force)
(Note 6)

+25°C

T

A

V

COM_, VNO_

= GND; f = 1MHz;

Figure 14

pF9C

OFF

NC_ Off-Capacitance
(Sense-Guard)

+25°C

V

COM_, VNO_

= GND; f = 1MHz;

Figure 14

pF22C

OFF

NC_ Off-Capacitance
(Force)

+25°C

POWER SUPPLY

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX4556 (±15V Supplies) (continued)

(V+ = +15V, V- = -15V, VL = 5V, GND = 0V, V

IN_H

= 2.4V, V

IN_L

= 0.8V, TA= T

MIN

to T

MAX

, unless otherwise noted. Typical values

are at T

A

= +25°C.)

SWITCH DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

LOGIC INPUT

60Ω ANALOG SWITCH (SENSE-GUARD)

dB

R

IN

= 50Ω, R

OUT

= 50Ω, f = 1MHz,

V

COM_

= 100mV

RMS

, Figure 15

V

ISO

Off Isolation (Force) +25°C -30

%THD

Total Harmonic Distortion
(Force)

+25°C 0.007

+25°C

+25°C
C, E
+25°C
C, E
+25°C

36 60

On-Resistance Match
(Note 4)

5 9

∆R

ON

10

Ω

On-Resistance Flatness
(Note 5)

0.6 5

R

FLAT(ON)

6

Ω

NO_, NC Off-Leakage
Current

-0.25 0.01 0.25

V

COM_

= ±10V, I

COM_

= 10mA

V

COM_

= +5V, 0V, -5V;

I

COM_

= 10mA

T

A

pF

V

COM_

= GND, f = 1MHz,

Figure 14

C

ON

C, E

COM_ On-Capacitance
(Sense-Guard)

+25°C

NO_, NC_ Off-Capacitance
(Sense-Guard)

C

OFF

30

pF

PARAMETER SYMBOL

MIN TYP MAX

(Note 2)

UNITS

V

NO_, VNC_

= GND; f = 1MHz;

Figure 14

+25°C 7

pF

V

COM1

= GND, f = 1MHz,

Figure 14

C

ON

COM1 On-Capacitance
(Force)

+25°C

NO1, NC1 Off-Capacitance
(Force)

C

OFF

137

pF

V

NO1, VNC1

= GND; f = 1MHz;

Figure 14

+25°C 21

Break-Before-Make Time t

BBM

C, E

On-Resistance R

ON

70

nsV

COM_

= ±10V, RL= 1kΩ, Figure 12 +25°C

Analog Signal Range

V

COM_

,

V

NO_

, V

NC_

V- V+ V

1 15

C, E

Transition Time
(Sense-Guard)

t

TRANS

275

C, E

Transition Time (Force) t

TRANS

300

ns

V

COM_

= ±10V, RL= 300Ω,

Figure 10

+25°C

ns

V

COM_

= ±10V, RL= 1kΩ,

Figure 10

150 250

+25°C 125 225

C, E

IN_ Input Current Logic
High or Low

I

IN_H

,

I

IN_L

-0.5 0.03 0.5 µA

C, E
+25°C
C, E
+25°C

V

IN_

= 0 or VL

C, E

Ω

I

COM_(OFF)

-2.5 2.5

nA

COM_ On-Leakage Current

IN_ Input Logic Threshold
Low

-0.5 0.02 0.5

V

IN_L

V

COM_

= ±10V, I

COM_

= 10mA

I

COM_(ON)

-5.0 5.0

nA

Charge Injection Q 5 pC

0.8 1.6 V

C, E

CONDITIONS

IN_ Input Logic Threshold
High

V

IN_H

1.6 2.4 V

V+ = 16.5V; V- = -16.5V;
V

COM_

= ±10V; V

NO_, VNC_

= 10V

V+ = 16.5V, V- = -16.5V,
V

COM_

= ±10V

V

COM_

= 0, Figure 13

C, E
+25°C

COM_ Off-Leakage Current

I

NO_(OFF)

,

I

NC_(OFF)

-2.5 2.5

(Note 3)

nA

-0.25 0.01 0.25

V+ = 16.5V; V- = -16.5V;
V

COM_

= ±10V; V

NO_, VNC_

= 10V

±

±

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

10 ______________________________________________________________________________________

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX4556 (±15V Supplies) (continued)

(V+ = +15V, V- = -15V, VL = 5V, GND = 0V, V

IN_H

= 2.4V, V

IN_L

= 0.8V, TA= T

MIN

to T

MAX

, unless otherwise noted. Typical values

are at T

A

= +25°C.)

Note 2: The algebraic convention is used in this data sheet; the most negative value is shown in the minimum column.
Note 3: Guaranteed by design.
Note 4: ∆R

ON

= ∆R

ON(MAX)

- ∆R

ON(MIN)

.

Note 5: Resistance flatness is defined as the difference between the maximum and the minimum value of on-resistance as

measured over the specified analog signal range.

POWER SUPPLY

T

A

PARAMETER SYMBOL

MIN TYP MAX

(Note 2)

UNITS

µA

-5.0 5.0C, E

V+ = 16.5V, V- = -16.5V,
V

IN_

= 0 or VL

µA

-5.0 5.0C, E

V+ = 16.5V, V- = -16.5V,
V

IN_

= 0 or VL

I

L+

VL Supply Current

I

GND

-1.0 0.001 1.0+25°C

Ground Current

-1.0 0.001 1.0+25°C

µA

-5.0 5.0C, E

V+ = 16.5V, V- = -16.5V,
V

IN_

= 0 or VL

CONDITIONS

µA

-5.0 5.0C, E

V+ = 16.5V, V- = -16.5V,
V

IN_

= 0 or VL

I+V+ Supply Current

I-

-1.0 0.001 1.0+25°C

V- Supply Current

-1.0 0.001 1.0+25°C

V±4.5 ±20

C, EVL ≥ 4.5VV+, VL, V-Power-Supply Range

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

______________________________________________________________________________________

11

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

-15 -5-10 0 5 10 15

SWITCH ON-RESISTANCE vs. V

COM

(DUAL SUPPLIES)

MAX4554/5/6-01

V

COM

(V)

SWITCH ON-RESISTANCE (Ω)

MAX4554/MAX4556

SENSE & GUARD

MAX4555 SENSE

FORCE

0

2

1

4

3

5

6

-10 0 5-5 10 15 20

MAX4554

FORCE SWITCH ON-RESISTANCE

vs. V

COM

AND TEMPERATURE

MAX4554/5/6-02

V

COM

(V)

R

DS(ON)

(Ω)

TA = +85°C

TA = +25°C

TA = -40°C

10

25
20
15

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

-15 -5-10 0 5 10 15

SENSE/GUARD SWITCH ON-RESISTANCE

vs. V

COM

AND TEMPERATURE

MAX4554/5/6-03

V

COM

(V)

R

DS(ON)

(Ω)

TA = +85°C

TA = +25°C

TA = -40°C

100

1

0 1 32 4 6 8 12 145 7 9 111013 15

SWITCH ON-RESISTANCE vs. V

COM

(SINGLE +15V SUPPLY)

MAX4554/5/6-04

V

COM

(V)

SWITCH ON-RESISTANCE (Ω)

10

MAX4554/MAX4556

SENSE & GUARD

MAX4555 SENSE

FORCE

-40

0

-20

40

20

80

60

100

-10 0 5-5 10 15 20

MAX4554

CHARGE INJECTION vs. V

COM

(+20V, -10V SUPPLIES)

MAX4554/5/6-07

V

COM

(V)

Q (pC)

SENSE & GUARD

FORCE

100

10

0.0001

-50 125

ON-LEAKAGE CURRENT

vs. TEMPERATURE

1

MAX4554/5/6-05

TEMPERATURE (°C)

ON-LEAKAGE (nA)

25

0.01

0.001

-25 0 75

0.1

50

100

V+ = 15V,
V- = -15V,
V

COM

= 10V

±

FORCE

SENSE & GUARD

100

10

0.0001

-50 125

OFF-LEAKAGE CURRENT

vs. TEMPERATURE

1

MAX4554/5/6-06

TEMPERATURE (°C)

OFF-LEAKAGE (nA)

25

0.01

0.001

-25 0 75

0.1

50

100

V+ = 15V,
V- = -15V,
V

NC

OR VNO = ±10V

V

COM

= 10V

±

FORCE

SENSE & GUARD

__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics

(V+ = +15V, V- = -15V, GND = 0V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

12 ______________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)

(V+ = +15V, V- = -15V, GND = 0V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

-40

0

-20

40

20

80

60

100

-15 -5 0-10 5 10 15

MAX4555/MAX4556

CHARGE INJECTION vs. V

COM

(+15V SUPPLIES)

MAX4554/5/6-08

V

COM

(V)

Q (pC)

SENSE & GUARD

FORCE

0

150
100

50

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

-40 10 35 60-15 85

MAX4554

ON/OFF/ENABLE TIMES vs.

TEMPERATURE (+20V, -10V SUPPLIES)

MAX4554/5/6-09

TEMPERATURE (°C)

TIME (ns)

t

EN(ON)

t

EN(OFF)

t

ON

t

OFF

0

60

40
20

80

100

120

140

160

180

-40 -15 10 35 60 85

MAX4555/4556

ON/OFF/TRANSITION TIMES vs.

TEMPERATURE (+20V/-10V SUPPLIES)

MAX4554/5/6-10

TEMPERATURE (°C)

TIME (ns)

MAX4556 t

TRANS

MAX4555 tON/t

OFF

100

10

0.0001

-55

-75 100

1

MAX4554/5/6-11

TEMPERATURE (°C)

I+, I-, I

L

(µA)

0.01

0.001

-50

-25 0 75

50

0.1

25

85

A: I+ = 16.5V
B: I- = -16.5V
C: I

L

= 5.5V

SUPPLY CURRENT

vs. TEMPERATURE

A

B

C

100

0.001

FORCE SWITCH TOTAL HARMONIC

DISTORTION vs. FREQUENCY

0.01

MAX4554/5/6-14

FREQUENCY (Hz)

THD (%)

0.1

1

10

10 1k 10k100 100k

V+ = +15V
V- = -15V
5Vp-p, 600Ω IN & OUT

0

2

1

4

3

5

6

0 105 15 20 25

LOGIC-LEVEL THRESHOLD

vs. LOAD VOLTAGE

MAX4554/5/6-12

VL (V)

LOGIC-LEVEL THRESHOLD (V)

0

-120

0.1 10 1001 1000

FORCE SWITCH FREQUENCY RESPONSE

-40

-50

-60

-70

-80

-90

-100

-110

MAX4554/5/6-13

FREQUENCY (MHz)

SWITCH LOSS (dB)

PHASE (degrees)

-30

-20

-10

180

-180

60
30
0

-30

-60

-90

-120

-150

90

120

150

ON LOSS

OFF LOSS

ON PHASE

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

______________________________________________________________________________________ 13

Pin Description

Analog Guard Channel 1 Normally Open Terminal—1
Analog Signal Normally Open Terminals——

Analog Signal Common Terminals. COM2 and COM3 are low-resis­tance (force) switches on the MAX4555. COM1 is a low-resistance
(force) switch on the MAX4556.

2, 15*,

10*, 7

—

Analog Sense Channel 1 Normally Open Terminal—2

Analog Signal Normally Closed Pins. NC2 and NC3 are low-resistance
(force) switches.

3, 14, 11, 6—

Negative Analog Supply Voltage Input. Connect to GND for single­supply operation.

44

Analog Force Signal Normally Open Terminal ——

Analog Force Channel 1 Normally Open Terminal—3*

Analog Force Channel 2 Normally Open Terminal—6*

Analog Sense Channel 2 Normally Open Terminal—7

Analog Force Signal Normally Closed Terminal——

Analog Guard Channel 2 Normally Open Terminal—8

Logic-Level Digital Inputs. See

Truth Tables.

1, 16, 9, 811, 10

Enable Logic-Level Digital Input. Connect to GND to enable all switches.—9

Analog Signal Normally Closed Terminal——

Ground. Connect to digital ground. (Analog signals have no ground
reference; they are limited to V+ and V-.)

55

Logic-Level Positive Supply Input. Connect to logic (+5V) supply. Can
be connected to V+ for single-supply operation.

1212

Analog Force Channel Common Terminal—14*

Analog Guard Channel Common Terminal—16

Analog Sense Channel Common Terminal—15

Positive Analog Supply Voltage Input. Internally connected to sub­strate.

1313

1, 2

14*, 15, 16

—

—

4

3*

—

—

—

6*

—

9, 10, 11

—

—

7, 8

5

12

—

—

—

13

NO3, NO2

COM1, COM2
COM3, COM4

NOS1

NC1, NC2,

NC3, NC4

V-

NO1*

NOF1*

NOF2*

NOS2

NC1*

NOG2

IN1, IN2,

IN3, IN4

NOG1

EN

NC2, NC3

GND

VL

COMF*

COMG

COMS

V+

NAME FUNCTION

PIN

MAX4554 MAX4555 MAX4556

* Indicates high-current, low-resistance (force) switch terminal.
Note: NO_, NC_, and COM_ pins are identical and interchangeable. Any may be considered as an input or output; signals pass

equally well in either direction.

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

14 ______________________________________________________________________________________

______________Force-Sense Philosophy

When a precise voltage must be applied to a load that
draws appreciable current, the resistance of the con­ductors connecting the source and the load can
degrade the load voltage. The resistance of the con­ductors forms a voltage divider with the load, so that
the load voltage is lower than the source voltage. The
greater the distance between the source and the load,
and the greater the current or conductor resistance, the
greater the degradation. The resulting signal reduction
can be overcome and the signal at the load guaranteed
by using a 4-wire technique known as Kelvin sensing,
or force-sense.

The basic idea behind the force-sense philosophy is to
use four wires, forcing a voltage or current through two
high-current wires to the load, and measuring (sensing)
the voltage with two separate wires that carry very low
or negligible current. One of two basic configurations is
used, depending on whether or not feedback is em­ployed:

1) The sensed voltage can be completely independent
of the forced voltage or current, as in the case of a
4-wire ohmmeter, where a constant current is forced
through one pair of wires and the voltage at the
resistor is measured by another pair.

2) The sensed voltage can be part of a feedback cir­cuit to force the load voltage to the desired value,
as in the case of a 4-wire power supply. (In rare
cases, this method is also used to measure resis­tance; the source is forced to produce a desired
voltage in the resistor, and the source current
required to achieve this voltage is measured.)

In all cases, the resistance of the high-current conduc­tors can be ignored and the sensed voltage is an accu­rate measure of the load (or resistor’s) voltage, despite
appreciable voltage loss in the wires connecting the
source and load.

There are two limitations to this scheme. First, the maxi­mum source voltage (compliance) must be able to
overcome the combined voltage loss of the load and
the connecting wires. In other words, the conductors in
the force circuit can have significant resistance, but
there is a limit. Second, the impedance of the sensing
circuit (typically a voltmeter, A/D converter, or feedback
amplifier) must be very high compared to the load
resistance and the sense wire resistance. These limita­tions are usually simple to overcome. The source com­pliance is usually required to be only a volt more than
the load voltage, and the sense circuit usually has a
multimegohm impedance. Typical 4-wire force-sense
configurations are shown in Figure 1.

VOLTAGE
MEASUREMENT

MEASURED
RESISTANCE

CURRENT SOURCE

FORCE CURRENT

FORCE CURRENT

SENSE VOLTAGE

SENSE VOLTAGE

WIRE AND TERMINAL RESISTANCE

4-WIRE RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT (CONSTANT CURRENT)

VOLTAGE
MEASUREMENT

MEASURED
RESISTANCE

VOLTAGE SOURCE

FORCE VOLTAGE

FORCE VOLTAGE

SENSE VOLTAGE

SENSE VOLTAGE

WIRE AND TERMINAL RESISTANCE

4-WIRE RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT (CONSTANT VOLTAGE)

VOLTAGE
MEASUREMENT

LOAD

CURRENT SOURCE

FORCE CURRENT

FORCE CURRENT

SENSE VOLTAGE

SENSE VOLTAGE

WIRE AND TERMINAL RESISTANCE

4-WIRE POWER SUPPLY

FEED­BACK

V

V

V

V

FEED­BACK

ARROWS INDICATE SIGNAL DIRECTION, NOT POLARITY

Figure 1. 4-Wire Force-Sense Measurements

__________________Guard Philosophy

When measuring a precise voltage from a high-resis­tance source, or when measuring a very small current
or forcing it into a load, unwanted leakage currents can
degrade the results. These leakage currents may exist
in the insulation of wires connecting the source and the
measuring device. Higher source voltages, higher
source impedances, longer wires, lower currents, and
higher temperatures further degrade the measurement.
The effect has both DC and low-frequency AC compo­nents; AC signals are generally capacitively coupled
into the high-impedance source and wiring. The AC
and DC effects are hard to separate, and are generally
grouped under the designation “low-frequency noise.”
This signal degradation can be overcome and the mea­sured signal guaranteed by using a 3-wire technique
known as guarding.

A “guard,” “guard channel,” or “driven guard” is formed
by adding a third wire to a 2-wire measurement. It con­sists of a physical barrier (generally the surrounding
shield of a coaxial cable) that is actively forced to the
same voltage as is being measured on its inner conduc­tor. The forcing of the driven guard is from the output of
a low-impedance buffer amplifier whose high-imped­ance input is connected to the source. The idea is not
just to buffer or shield the signal with a low-impedance
source but, by forcing the shield to the same potential
as the signal, to also force the leakage currents
between the signal and the outside world to extremely
small values. Any unwanted leakage current from the
source must first go through the coaxial-cable insulation
to the shield. Since the shield is at the same potential,
there is virtually no unwanted leakage current, regard ­less of the insulation resistance. The shield itself can
have significant leakage currents to the outside world,
but it is separated from the measured signal.

The physical positioning of the guard around the signal
is extremely important in maintaining low leakage.
Since the guard can be at potentials far from ground,
conventional coaxial cable is often replaced by triaxial
cable (i.e., cable with a center conductor and two sep­arate inner and outer shields). The signal is the center
conductor, the inner shield is the guard, and the outer
shield is the chassis ground. The outer shield isolates
the inner driven guard from ground, physically protects
the driven guard, and acts as a secondary Faraday
shield for external noise.

The physical guard must be maintained continuously
from the source to the measuring device, including
paths on printed circuit boards, where the guard
becomes extra traces surrounding the signal traces on
both sides (and above and below the signal traces on

multilevel boards.) This is one case where a ground
plane is

not

appropriate. In extreme cases, such as
with nano-voltmeters and femto-ammeters, printed cir­cuit boards cannot be adequately shielded and are
eliminated from the guarded signal paths altogether.

Figure 2 shows both the basic 3-wire guarded mea­surement and a 5-wire variation, used for balanced sig­nals that are elevated from ground potential. The 5-wire
configuration is really two 3-wire circuits sharing a com­mon ground. Figure 2 also shows the configuration
using triaxial cable.

____Force-Sense-Guard Philosophy

Force-sense measurements are combined with guard­ed measurements when a wide range of voltages and
currents are encountered, or when voltage and current
must be accurately measured or controlled simultane­ously. This frequently occurs in automatic test equip­ment (ATE) and in some critical physical or chemical
sensor applications where voltage and/or current mea­surements can span many decades. Two techniques
are used: 8-wire and 12-wire.

8-Wire Measurements

Figure 3 shows an 8-wire guarded force-sense power
supply. A precise voltage is forced to the load, and
load current is sensed without interacting with the out­put voltage, and without unwanted leakage currents.
Separate twin-axial, or “twinax” cable is used for each
of the positive and negative wires. Each cable has a
twisted-pair of wires surrounded by a common shield,
which is connected as the driven guard. Since the
force and sense wires are at approximately the same
potential, they can be protected by the same driven
guard. In critical applications, two special 4-wire cables
and connectors are substituted for the two twinax
cables and separate ground wire. These cables add a
second shield, which replaces the chassis-to-chassis
ground wire and reduces noise.

Figure 3 shows current sensing with a fixed precision
resistor and voltmeter, but other methods (such as op
amps with feedback) are frequently employed, particu­larly if current limiting is required. One of the advantages
of Figure 3’s circuit is that leakage in the current-sensing
path has no effect on the output voltage.

The two diodes in the force-sense feedback path pro­tect the force-sense amplifier from operating open loop
if either the force or sense wires are disconnected from
the load. These diodes must have both lower forward
voltage and lower reverse leakage than the current
being measured.

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

______________________________________________________________________________________ 15

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

16 ______________________________________________________________________________________

Figure 2. 3-Wire and 5-Wire Guarded Measurements

GUARD AMPLIFIER

DRIVEN GUARD

(COAX CABLE SHIELD)

VOLTAGE OR
CURRENT SOURCE

SENSE
VOLTAGE OR
CURRENT

GUARD AMPLIFIER

VOLTAGE OR
CURRENT SOURCE

SENSE

VOLTAGE OR

CURRENT

BASIC 3-WIRE GUARD CIRCUIT

SIGNAL
GUARD
GROUND

TRIAX CABLE

LEAKAGE
CURRENT

3-WIRE GUARD CIRCUIT USING TRIAX

TRIAX CABLE/CONNECTOR

CENTER WIRE
INNER SHEILD
OUTER SHEILD

LEAKAGE
CURRENT

LEAKAGE

CURRENT

LEAKAGE

CURRENT

GUARD AMPLIFIER

GUARD AMPLIFIER

DRIVEN GUARD

(COAX CABLE SHIELD)

DRIVEN GUARD

(COAX CABLE SHIELD)

VOLTAGE OR

CURRENT SOURCE

SENSE
VOLTAGE
OR CURRENT

BALANCED 5-WIRE GUARD CIRCUIT

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

______________________________________________________________________________________ 17

LEAKAGE CURRENT

LEAKAGE CURRENT

GUARD AMPLIFIER

GUARD AMPLIFIER

VOLTAGE SOURCE

V

V+

V-

V+

V-

V+

V-

V+

V-

V+

V-

CURRENT SENSE

FORCE-SENSE AMPLIFIER

-DRIVEN GUARD

-SENSE

-FORCE

+FORCE

+SENSE

+DRIVEN GUARD

TWINAX CABLE

TWINAX CABLE

FORCE-SENSE AMPLIFIER

CURRENT SENSE

8-WIRE PRECISION SOURCE-MONITOR

LOAD

V

Figure 3. 8-Wire Guarded Force-Sense Measurements

Note that although the positive and negative circuits are
identical, they are not redundant. Both are always used,
even when one side of the load is grounded, because
maintaining a precision output voltage requires losses in
the ground leads to be corrected by a force-sense
amplifier. If more than one power supply and load are
operated together, and they have a common connec­tion, this requirement becomes even more critical.
Separate 8-wire connections prevent current changes in
one load from changing voltage in the other load.

12-Wire Measurements

Figure 4 shows a 12-wire circuit, which is an elabora­tion of the 8-wire system using separate driven guards
for the force and sense wires. Four sets of triaxial

cables and connectors are used. The extra wires are
used for two reasons: 1) They provide better shielding
by having separate chassis grounds on each cable,
rather than separate ground wires external to the signal
cables; 2) In test equipment, where connection
changes are frequent, it is very convenient to use four
triax connectors or two quadrax (dual triax) connectors
for each load.

In addition, this method is slightly better for power sup­plies or measurements that switch between constant
voltage and constant current, since separate driven
guards reduce circuit capacitance. Also, when trou­bleshooting, it is convenient to be able to interchange
force and sense leads.

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

18 ______________________________________________________________________________________

+SENSE
GUARD AMPLIFIER

V+

V-

V+

V-

V+

V+

V-

CURRENT SENSE

LEAKAGE CURRENT

LOAD

V+

V-

V+

V-

TRIAX CABLE

+ FORCE-GUARD AMPLIFIER

- FORCE-GUARD AMPLIFIER
V+

V-

V+

V-

TRIAX CABLE/CONNECTOR

CENTER WIRE (FORCE/SENSE)
INNER SHEILD (GUARD)
OUTER SHEILD (GROUND)

+ FORCE-SENSE AMPLIFIER

12-WIRE PRECISION SOURCE-MONITOR

VOLTAGE SOURCE

- SENSE-GUARD AMPLIFIER

CURRENT SENSE

- FORCE-SENSE AMPLIFIER

LEAKAGE CURRENT

LEAKAGE CURRENT

GROUND

- GUARD

- FORCE

GROUND

- GUARD

-SENSE

TRIAX CABLE

TRIAX CABLE

(OPTIONAL GROUND)

LEAKAGE CURRENT

+SENSE
+GUARD
GROUND

+FORCE
+GUARD
GROUND

TRIAX CABLE

V

V

Figure 4. 12-Wire Guarded Force-Sense Measurements

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

______________________________________________________________________________________ 19

Switching Guarded and

Force-Sense Signals

When a precision source or measurement must be con­nected sequentially to several circuits, all sense and
guard connections must be switched simultaneously,
and at least one of the force connections must be
switched. To maintain safety and low noise levels, the
ground (or chassis) connection should never be dis­connected.

The force circuit switch should have low-resistance,
high-current capability, but the sense and guard circuit
switches require only moderate resistance and current
capability. The sense and guard switches should have
lower leakage than the lowest measured current.
CMOS switches should also be operated from power
supplies higher than the highest circuit voltage to be
switched.

_______________Detailed Description

The MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556 are CMOS analog
ICs configured as force-sense switches. Each part con­tains low-resistance switches for forcing current, and
higher resistance switches for sensing a voltage or dri­ving guard wires. Analog signals on the force, sense, or
guard circuits can range from V- to V+. Each switch is
completely symmetrical and signals are bidirectional;
any switch terminal can be an input or output. The
switches’ open or closed states are controlled by
TTL/CMOS-compatible input (IN_) pins.

The MAX4555 and MAX4556 are characterized and
guaranteed only with ±15V supplies, but they can oper­ate from a single supply up to +44V or non-symmetrical
supplies with a voltage totaling less than +44V. The
MAX4554 is fully characterized for operation from ±15V
supplies, and it is also fully specified for operation with
+20V and -10V supplies. A separate logic supply pin,
VL, allows operation with +5V or +3V logic, even with
unusual V+ values. The negative supply pin, V-, must
be connected to GND for single-supply operation.

The MAX4554 contains two force switches, two sense
switches, and two guard switches configured as two
3PST switches. The two switches operate independent­ly of one another, but they have a common connection,
allowing one source to be connected simultaneously to
two loads, or two sources to be connected to one load.
An enable pin, EN, turns all switches off when driven to
logic high. The MAX4554 is also fully specified for oper­ation with +20V and -10V supplies. The MAX4555 con­tains four independent SPDT, NC switches; two are
force switches and two are sense switches. The
MAX4556 contains three independent SPDT switches;
one is a force switch and two are sense switches.

Switch Resistances

Each IC contains four internal switches: four low-current
sense-guard switches and two high-current force
switches. Each sense-guard switch has an on-resis­tance of approximately 60Ω, while each force switch
has an on-resistance of approximately 6Ω. The
MAX4555’s two low-current sense-guard switches are
connected in parallel to produce lower on-resistance
and allow higher current.

Power-Supply Considerations

Overview

The MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556’s construction is typi­cal of most CMOS analog switches. They have four sup­ply pins: V+, V-, VL, and GND. V+ and V- are used to
drive the internal CMOS switches and set the analog volt­age limits on any switch. Reverse ESD protection diodes
are internally connected between each analog and digital
signal pin and both V+ and V-. If any signal exceeds V+
or V-, one of these diodes will conduct. During normal
operation these reverse-biased ESD diodes leak, forming
the only current drawn from the signal paths.

Virtually all the analog leakage current comes through
the ESD diodes to V+ or V-. Although the ESD diodes on
a given signal pin are identical, and therefore fairly well
balanced, they are reverse biased differently. Each is
biased by either V+ or V- and the analog signal. This
means their leakages vary as the signal varies. The

dif-

ference

in the two diode leakages from the signal path
to the V+ and V- pins constitutes the analog-signal-path
leakage current. All analog leakage current flows to the
supply terminals, not to the other switch terminal. This
explains how both sides of a given switch can show
leakage currents of either the same or opposite polarity.

There is no connection between the analog signal
paths and GND or VL. The analog signal paths consist
of an N-channel and P-channel MOSFET with their
sources and drains paralleled, and their gates driven
out of phase to V+ and V- by the logic-level translators.

VL and GND power the internal logic and logic-level
translator and set the input logic threshold. The logic­level translator converts the logic levels to switched V+
and V- signals for driving the gates of the analog
switches. This drive signal is the only connection
between GND and the analog supplies. V+ and V- have
ESD-protection diodes to GND. The logic-level inputs
(IN_, and EN) have ESD protection to V+ and V-, but
not to GND; therefore, the logic signal can go below
GND (as low as V-) when bipolar supplies are used.
The logic-level threshold VINis CMOS and TTL compat­ible when VL is between 4.5V and 36V (see

Typical

Operating Characteristics

).

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

20 ______________________________________________________________________________________

Increasing V- has no effect on the logic-level thresh­olds, but it does increase the drive to the internal P­channel switches, reducing the overall switch
on-resistance. V- also sets the negative limit of the ana­log signal voltage.

Bipolar-Supply Operation

The MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556 operate with bipolar
supplies between ±4.5V and ±18V. However, since all
factory characterization is done with ±15V supplies
(and +20V, -10V for MAX4554), operation at other sup­plies is not guaranteed. The V+ and V- supplies need
not be symmetrical, but their sum cannot exceed the
absolute maximum rating of 44V (see

Absolute Max-

imum Ratings

). VL must not exceed V+.

Single-Supply Operation

The MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556 operate from a sin­gle supply between +4.5V and +44V when V- is con-

nected to GND. All of the bipolar precautions must be
observed.

__________Applications Information

Switching 4-Wire

Force-Sense Circuits

Figure 5 shows how to switch a single voltage or cur­rent source between two loads using two MAX4555s. A
single CMOS inverter ensures that only one switch is on
at a time. On each MAX4555, switches 2 and 3 are the
high-current switches, so they should be used for force
circuits. By interchanging loads and sources, the circuit
can be reversed to switch two sources to a single load.
Additional MAX4555s and loads or sources can be
added to expand the circuit, but additional IN_ address
decoding must be incorporated.

NC3

GND

GND

LOAD1

LOAD2

NC1

FEEDBACK

SENSE

SENSE
FORCE

CMOS INVERTER

IN

FORCE

COM2

V-

COM1

COM4
COM3

IN2
IN1

IN4
IN3

VOLTAGE/CURRENT SOURCE

NC2

NC4

MAX4555

V+

VL

NC3

NC1

COM2

V-

COM1

COM4
COM3

IN2
IN1

IN4
IN3

NC2

NC4

MAX4555

V+

VL

LOGIC

LOAD

2
1

0
1

IN

V

Figure 5. Using the MAX4555 to Switch 4-Wire Force-Sense Circuits from One Source to Two Loads

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

______________________________________________________________________________________ 21

Figure 6 shows how to switch a single voltage or cur­rent source between two loads using the MAX4554 or
MAX4556. By interchanging loads and sources, the cir­cuits can be reversed so that they switch two sources
to a single load. The two loads are electrically connect­ed together at one point, but may be physically sepa­rated. This means that one force wire does not need to
be switched, but the corresponding sense wires do.

The MAX4554 has independent 3PST, NO switches dri­ven out of phase by an external CMOS inverter, so that
one switch is on while the other is off. If both switches
were turned on at the same time, both loads would be
connected, and the resulting voltage at either load

would be close to (but not exactly equal to) the desired
value; this would not cause any damage to the device.

Switching 3-Wire Guarded Circuits

Figure 7 shows how to switch a single guarded voltage
or current source between two loads using the
MAX4554 or MAX4556. By interchanging loads and
sources, the circuits can be reversed to switch two
sources to a single load. If the loads have a common
connection, the switch to that node can be eliminated.

Note that these circuits use sense (high-resistance)
switches to switch the common wire. This is permissible
only if the load currents are very low. If the currents are
high, the common connection should not be switched
unless another force switch is substituted.

GND

LOAD2

LOAD1

NO2

NC3

NC2

FEEDBACK

SENSE

SENSE

FORCE

FORCE

COM1

V-

COM2

COM3

IN1
IN2

IN3

IN

VOLTAGE/CURRENT SOURCE

NC1
NO1

NO3

MAX4556

V+

VL

LOGIC

LOAD

1
2

0
1

IN

EN

LOAD2

LOAD1

NOS1
NOS2

NOF2

FEEDBACK

SENSE

SENSE

FORCE

FORCE

FCOM

V-

SCOM

GCOM

IN1

IN2

IN

CMOS INVERTER

VOLTAGE/CURRENT SOURCE

NOF1

NOG2
NOG1

MAX4554

GND

V+

VL

LOGIC

LOAD

1
2

0
1

IN

V

V

Figure 6. Using the MAX4554/MAX4556 to Switch 4-Wire Force-Sense Circuits from One Source to Two Loads

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

22 ______________________________________________________________________________________

GUARD AMPLIFIER

VOLTAGE OR
CURRENT SOURCE

GND

LOAD2

LOAD1

NO2
NC3

NC2

COM1

V-

COM2

COM3

IN1
IN2

IN3

IN

NC1
NO1

NO3

MAX4556

V+

VL

LOGIC

LOAD

1
2

0
1

IN

GUARD AMPLIFIER

VOLTAGE OR
CURRENT SOURCE

LOGIC

LOAD

1
2

0
1

IN

EN

LOAD2

LOAD1

NOF1
NOF2

NOG2

GCOM

V-

FCOM

SCOM

IN1

IN

IN2

CMOS INVERTER

NOG1

NOS1
NOS2

MAX4554

GND

V+

VL

Figure 7. Using the MAX4554/MAX4556 to Switch 3-Wire Guarded Circuits from One Source to Two Loads

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

______________________________________________________________________________________ 23

GUARD AMPLIFIER

VOLTAGE OR
CURRENT SOURCE

LOGIC

LOAD

2
1

0
1

IN

NC4

GND

LOAD2

LOAD1

NC2

COM1

V-

COM2

IN

COM3
COM4

IN1
IN2

IN3
IN4

NC1

NC3

MAX4555

V+

VL

Figure 8. Using the MAX4555 to Switch 3-Wire Guarded Circuits from One Source to Two Loads

Figure 8 shows how to switch a single guarded voltage
or current source between two grounded loads using a
MAX4555. By interchanging loads and sources, the cir­cuits can be reversed so that two sources are switched
to a single load.

Switching 8-Wire Guarded Circuits

Figure 9 shows how to switch a single 8-wire guarded
force-sense voltage or current source between two
loads using two MAX4556s or two MAX4554s. By inter­changing loads and sources, the circuits can be
reversed so that they switch two sources to a single
load. The two loads are shown isolated from each
another, but if they have a common connection then the
circuit must remain as shown in order to maintain accu­rate load voltage.

High-Frequency Performance

Although switching speed is restricted, once a switch is
in a steady state it exhibits good RF performance. In
50Ω systems, signal response is reasonably flat up to
50MHz (see

Typical Operating Characteristics

). The
force switches have lower on-resistance, so their inser­tion loss in 50Ω systems is lower. Above 20MHz, the
on-response has several minor peaks that are highly
layout dependent. The problem with high-frequency
operation is not turning the switches on, but turning
them off. The off-state switches act like capacitors and
pass higher frequencies with less attenuation. At
10MHz, off-isolation between input or output signals is
approximately -30dB in 50Ω systems, degrading
(approximately 20dB per decade) as frequency
increases. Higher circuit impedances also degrade off­isolation.

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

24 ______________________________________________________________________________________

V+

V-

V+

V-

GUARD AMPLIFIER

FORCE-SENSE AMPLIFIER

VOLTAGE SOURCE

V+

V-

V+

V-

V-

GUARD AMPLIFIER

NO1
NO2
NO3

NC1
NC2
NC3

MAX4556

COM1
COM2
COM3

GND

IN1 IN2 IN3

INA

GND

MAX4556

COM1
COM2
COM3

NO1
NO2
NO3

NC1
NC2
NC3

TWINAX CABLE

LOAD 1

LOAD 2

V+

CURRENT SENSE

+FORCE

+SENSE

+DRIVEN GUARD

TWINAX CABLE

-FORCE

-SENSE

-DRIVEN GUARD

LOGIC

IN A,B LOAD

0
1

1
2

V+

V-

VL

LEAKAGE
CURRENT

LEAKAGE
CURRENT

FORCE-SENSE
AMPLIFIER

NC1
NO1

NC2

NC3
NO3

GND

NO2

IN

IN1

COM1

COM2

COM3

IN2

IN3

MAX4556

V+

V-

V+

V-

GUARD AMPLIFIER

VOLTAGE SOURCE

V+

V-

V+

V-

V-

GUARD AMPLIFIER

NO1
NO2
NO3

NC1
NC2
NC3

MAX4554

COMF
COMS
COMG

IN1 IN2 IN3

INA

EN

GND

IN1 IN2

MAX4554

COMG
COMS
COMF

NOG2
NOS2
NOF2

INB

NOG1
NOS1
NOF1

TWINAX CABLE

LOAD 1

LOAD 2

V+

CURRENT SENSE

CURRENT SENSE

+FORCE

+SENSE

+DRIVEN GUARD

TWINAX CABLE

-FORCE

-SENSE

-DRIVEN GUARD

V+ V- VL

V+ V- VL

V+ V- VL

V+ V-

VL

LEAKAGE
CURRENT

LEAKAGE
CURRENT

FORCE-SENSE
AMPLIFIER

NOG1
NOG2

NOF1

NOS1
NOS2

EN

NOF2

IN

IN1

COMG

COMF

COMS

IN2

MAX4554

EN

GND

IN1 IN2

INB

V+ V- VL

LOGIC

IN A,B LOAD

0
1

2
1

LOGIC

IN A,B LOAD

0
1

2
1

GND

CURRENT SENSE

CMOS INVERTER

V

V

V

V

Figure 9. Switching 8-Wire Guarded Force-Sense Measurements from One Precision Source-Monitor to Two Loads

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

______________________________________________________________________________________ 25

tR < 5ns
t

F

< 5ns

V-

COM_

NC_

NO_

V+

V-

300Ω

50Ω

GND

V- IS CONNECTED TO GND (0V) FOR SINGLE-SUPPLY OPERATION.

IN_

V

IN_

t

OPEN

35pF

VL

VL

V+

V+

V

OUT

MAX4556

0V

0V

80%

50%

V

IN_

V

OUT

V

NO_, NC_

V+

Figure 12. Break-Before-Make Interval

______________________________________________Test Circuits/Timing Diagrams

50%

0V

V

IN_

V

OUT

V+

0V

V-

COM_

NO_ OR NC_

V+

V-

300Ω

GND

V- IS CONNECTED TO GND (0V) FOR SINGLE-SUPPLY OPERATION.

IN_

VL

V

IN_

50Ω

90%

90%

t

ON

t

OFF

35pF

EN

V+

V+

VL

VL

V

OUT

MAX4554
MAX4555
MAX4556

Figure 10. Address Transition Time

Figure 11. Enable Transition Time

VL

ADDRESS

SELECT

V

V- IS CONNECTED TO GND (0V) FOR SINGLE-SUPPLY OPERATION.

EN

50Ω

IN_

EN

V+

V+

MAX4554

GND

VL

VL

NO_

COM_

V-

V-

V+

300Ω

35pF

VL

V

EN

0V

OUT

V+

0V

t

TRANS

V

OUT

V

50%

90%

90%

t

TRANS

V-

NO_, NC_

COM_

V-

GND

EN

ADDRESS

SELECT

MEASUREMENTS ARE STANDARDIZED AGAINST SHORT AT SOCKET TERMINALS. OFF ISOLATION IS MEASURED BETWEEN COM_ AND "OFF" NO_ OR NC_ TERMINALS.
ON LOSS IS MEASURED BETWEEN COM_ AND "ON" NO_ OR NC_ TERMINALS. CROSSTALK IS MEASURED BETWEEN COM_ TERMINALS WITH ALL SWITCHES ON.
SIGNAL DIRECTION THROUGH SWITCH IS REVERSED; WORST VALUES ARE RECORDED. V- IS CONNECTED TO GND (0V) FOR SINGLE-SUPPLY OPERATION.

V

OUT

V

IN

MEAS. REF

50Ω

50Ω 50Ω

50Ω

IN_

VL

10nF

VL

10nF

VL

MAX4554
MAX4555
MAX4556

NETWORK

ANALYZER

V+

10nF

V+

OFF ISOLATION = 20 log

VOUT

VIN

ON LOSS = 20 log

VOUT

VIN

CROSSTALK = 20 log

VOUT

VIN

Figure 15. Frequency Response, Off-Isolation, and Crosstalk

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

26 ______________________________________________________________________________________

V-

COM_

NO_ OR NC_

∆V

OUT

V

OUT

V

IN

VL

0V

V-

GND

∆V

OUT

IS THE MEASURED VOLTAGE DUE TO CHARGE TRANSFER

ERROR Q WHEN THE CHANNEL TURNS OFF.

V- IS CONNECTED TO GND (0V) FOR SINGLE-SUPPLY OPERATION.

IN_

V

IN_

C

L

1000pF

50Ω

EN

VL

VL

V+

V+

V

OUT

MAX4554
MAX4555
MAX4556

Q = ∆V

OUT

x C

L

_________________________________Test Circuits/Timing Diagrams (continued)

Figure 13. Charge Injection

V-

COM_

NC_

NO_

V-

GND

ADDRESS

SELECT

IN_

VL

EN

V+

V+

VL

VL

MAX4554
MAX4555
MAX4556

1MHz

CAPACITANCE

ANALYZER

Figure 14. COM_, NO_, NC_ Capacitance

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

______________________________________________________________________________________ 27

TOP VIEW

16
15
14
13
12
11
10

9

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

MAX4555

DIP/SO

IN2
COM2*
NC2*
V+
VL
NC3*
COM3
IN3

V-

NC1

COM1

IN1

IN4

COM4

NC4

GND

16
15
14
13
12
11
10

9

1
2

3
4
5

6

7
8

MAX4556

DIP/SO

COM3
COM2
COM1*
V+
VL
IN1
IN2
IN3

V-

NO1*

N02

NO3

NC3

NC2

NC1*

GND

SWITCH POSITIONS SHOWN WITH IN_ = LOW
*INDICATES HIGH-CURRENT, LOW-RESISTANCE FORCE SWITCH

MAX4555

SWITCH

ON

OFF

0
1

IN_

MAX4556

COM_

NC_
NO_

0
1

IN_

__________Pin Configurations/Functional Diagrams/Truth Tables (continued)

Ordering Information (continued)

*

Contact factory for availability.

PART

MAX4555CPE

MAX4555CSE 0°C to +70°C

0°C to +70°C

TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE

16 Plastic DIP

16 Narrow SO
MAX4555C/D
MAX4555EPE -40°C to +85°C

0°C to +70°C Dice*

16 Plastic DIP
MAX4555ESE -40°C to +85°C 16 Narrow SO
MAX4556CPE
MAX4556CSE 0°C to +70°C

0°C to +70°C 16 Plastic DIP

16 Narrow SO
MAX4556C/D
MAX4556EPE -40°C to +85°C

0°C to +70°C Dice*

16 Plastic DIP
MAX4556ESE -40°C to +85°C 16 Narrow SO

MAX4554/MAX4555/MAX4556

Force-Sense Switches

Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.

28

____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600

© 1998 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.

Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.

28

____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600

© 1998 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.

Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.

28

____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600

© 1998 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.

TRANSISTOR COUNT: 197

SUBSTRATE IS INTERNALLY CONNECTED TO V+

COMS

V+

VL

IN1

IN2

COMF

0.190"

(4.83mm)

0.086"

(2.18mm)

NOG2 EN

NOG1

NOS1

COMG

NOF1

V-

GND

NOF2

NOS2

_________________________________________________________________________Chip Topographies

MAX4554

MAX4555

COM2

V+

VL

IN1

IN2

COM1

0.190"

(4.83mm)

0.086"

(2.18mm)

NC3 IN3

NO3

NO2

COM3

NO1

V-

GND

NC1
NC2

COM2

V+

VL

NC3

COM3

NC2

0.190"

(4.83mm)

0.086"

(2.18mm)

IN4 IN3

IN1

COM1

IN2

NC1

V-

GND

NC4

COM4

MAX4556

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